THE BATTLE OP MAGH LBANA. 147 Conn then offered the sovereignty of Mumhain to Conaire. Not at all, said Conaire, give Maicniadh the sovereignty, since it is he that is not submissive to thee ; and I shall be satisfied with the condition of king material**. Take thou a blessing for that, said Conn, and mayest thou obtain the sovereignty of Erinn and of Albain after me. And all that Conn said was verified. But they sent old Eochaidh the poet from them to Maicniadh with an offei* of evety thing mentioned by Conaire; and he went forward to Ros-na-Riogh where Maicniadh was, and offered him all his terms, namely, the Eric of Mogh Nuadhad, and the sovereignty of Mumhain, and Sadhbh, the daughter of Conn of the hundred battles, for his wife ; and he spoke the lay there : — My son, make peace with Conn, It is folly to contend with a sovereign. Come not thou shield to shield. Nor sword to sword with the grey king. There are sent to thee an hundred brown helmets. With a flowing mane from each of them. There is sent to thee, O thou of the brave right arm, Sadhbh to wed — better than all wealth. There are sent thee an hundred cows with milk. Upon the plain, I know of a truth ; There are sent to thee an hundred steeds with bridles. With strength of champions, so check thy valour. There are sent to thee the eric of F^iodhaidh [Eoghan] M6r> A shield of gold with a lim of bronze ; There are sent to thee an hundred grand cups. And make not battle with the king. There are sent thee an hundred slave servants, To feed thy fire with hardy strength; There are sent thee an hundred swords and spears In the hands of men for the destruction of hosts. ^ King-material, or Righdhamhna. See preface, p^ ii. 148 Cac ^ai3e LfeAijA. 6c A 6uic SA6b iijjeAi) Cbtt]t)i)> ^^ A b-^u]l b]0D5n)^lA 6]c, ceAcc |t]5 6]]teAi)i) bo'c Ti^]|t^ t)^ ti)eA6]tA]6 bo c6|ll a Tb]C. 2lf ATplAjS bo bi 2t)A]Ci)]A6 Ai) cAi) fji), A5Af be]f cejic ^any^i) u]le u|ii)e, 6 Sbll^b caoji) 30 t^A]]t|i5e. 2l3Af Ctt3 2t)A]ci)]Ab I'edjb A3Af ti)AO]i)e bo Sb^^t> ©ocajS 6]3eAf, A3Af c^]t>]c ffe]i) A3Af TtjAjce clA^T^ije b^]|i]i)e 30 2t)A3 1,6ada, 30 b'^llt") ^ ]tA]be Coijl); A3Af bo |l01)fAb f]C A3Af CA]tAb|lA6 Al)l) f]l). <t)0 CAjt- 3A]b Coiji) b^ c6i3eA6 2t)uibAi) bo 2t)bA]ci)]A6 ^vv n^> -^S^T* i?10]t 5Ab fe Acc A |iO]i)i) ]b|]t 6 ^^^i) A3Af Coi)A]fie 30 ceA|ic. 2l3Af bo ito]i)T)eA& Ai) 2t)buTbA eAC0|i]tA; A3AT cu3fAb 5]aIIa bo Cboi:)T); A3Af c^T)3AbA|i 30 T^eATb]iA]3 ]A]t f^i); A3Af CU3A& SA8b ]i)5eAi) Cbu]i)i) bo 2t)b^]ci)]Ab; A3Af CU3A8 yedpe A3Af njAo^ije • bo TbA]C|b ^utbAi) ; A3Af tAi)3AbA|i 6a b-qsqb jAjt f|i). 2l3Af bo b] 6]|te A3 CoijD Aijp i*]!) 3AI) cutbf3U3A6 fjijA ^tfe ^iqb bl|A6A]1). C]t|oc. THE BATTLE OF MAGH LEAN A. 149 There is sent thee Sadhbh, the daughter of Conn, Who is fully worthy of thee ; Let not the submission of Erinn*s king to thy terms, Intoxicate thy senses, O my son. Maicniadh had at this time arflund him all [the nobles of] the south of Mumhain, from Sliabh Caoin to the sea. And Maicniadh presented gifts and presents to old Eochaidh the poet ; and came himself with the best of the Clann Dairin^ to Magh Leana, where Conn was ; and then they made peace and amity there. Conn offered the two provinces of Mumhain to Maicniadh ; who accepted them not, but desired to have them divided juatly between himself and Conaire. And Mumhain was divided between them ; and they gave hostages to Conn ; and they came after that to Teamhair, and Sadhbh the daughter of Conn was given as wife to Maicniadh ; and gifts and wealth were given to the nobles of Mumhain, who then returned to their homes, and Conn possessed Erinn without commotion during the term of twenty years. THE END. T:0C1)2Q21RC 2t)OM6K2l, )vz^]r)e K]3b 6rp^]De, 4D]A|i fo] Tte b-663At) 'CoiSlecb^ OCUf "Sene^^jH ajgua otu;2t). THE COURTSHIP OF MONERA, THE DAUGHTER OF THE KING OF SPAIN, WHEN SHE WEDDED EOGHAN TOIDHLECH, AND THE BIRTH OF AILILL OLUIM. From MS. H. 2. 16., col 341. T.C.D. ft T:o62^21BC 2^0MfeB2l. )^ecbc r)oer) &'6o3at) cAjblecb fO]t f Ajcbcbe b^ile a AcbA]t ^ef|i), ^ogA Me]c, b]c RA]cb 2l]|icb]Ti peTp]i). M]]t bA c]ai) b6 coijACCAi cm rt?Accoert?tt cbu]3e Aijb bl ceijb i)a ^Ajscbe. Roij betjbAcbttc bo coei)3i)]rt?A a iijaccojti), A]t fjAc. Kob fAii)lA]b bqbf] A rt?ACu, A]t efiurt). jf oeb]i)b bu]c, A]t ]ac. jf oeb]t>b ec]t)f A]t ]*e. l,]bfe bAji cu]b boi) 0]bi)ef blfl^^ ^-^T^ Bo3Aij, t^Acb in^lT^ ^1^ CUfA, A TpejC, Ajl ]AC]*Ort?, ]1) COeblJjU]* ^]l A1)^1) bu]c. N] ^]l \]vm) A ^if CO x&f ^V" V^' T^l'^ ^ V]T ACA]i)be bu^c, A]t i)A n)e]c: 4DA a]tjti) b^CA]! t^oyic cuf a i)b]u; b^Ajb ^i) C|ief Aii)Tp |:o]tc AijOffA; Acuf AToeijfAc bo fjl A7i6|i]i)i), eboi), ^ebA^b bo f |l A]t 6|iii)i), Acuf vi 5ei)AfcA|i bu^cn^i co i)-5ebuc ; bA]3 ij] ^A|5be]*u c6li 1)0 cu ]to]f f jiucb 6bi]t i i)-6fpA]i)j acu]* cojiub Ai)b 710 3ebAfu eel] ; ACUf }fe^6 ]n6e 11)361) ]t]3 6fpAii)e; ACUf CO n)-be|iA f|6e bu]Cf] cecb]tA|i clA]i)be, ACuf coi)b]A lAecb b^b ACUf n)e]*cu]6 a f]\ fOjt 6i]tii)i) ^e]b AC]iub|iArt)A|t ^ecc tj-a^U ItjAf ciiAcbfA. 2lcup bjA^b lAecb b]b acu]* b]b buA]b lA]cb b^b, lrt)0]t|io. Zlcuf be]c b^ coert)]t]3A]i), fuA]C]i)ce, fA]i)en)lA b|bf]be; ACUf bA feA8 A i)-Ai)Ti)Ai)!)A ]i) cecb]tAi]t f|i), eboi), 2l]l]ll }t) n)AO bAb f]i)eb]b; ACUf bjb Coeii)ell ]i)3ei) 6o3A]1) buf i)efA bo; ACUf bjb Ltt3Aib bttf i)ef A b^fei)] ; ACuf bjb fO]i}i]rt)bA lecbcA IaccI) • Rath Airthir Femhin, — i.e., the Bath of East Femhln» or the Hath in the East of Femhin. According to Doctor Keating, in the reign of Cot- mac mac Art, Magh Femhin, or the plain of Femhin, was co-exten- sive with the old baronies of Clonmel Third and Middle Third in the County of Tipperary. The only royal residence of the ancient kings of Monster in this district, and which can be identified, is Cnoc Rafann, a well known and remarkable ancient Rath, situated about two miles north of Cathair-dun-Iascaigh, now Cahir, - in the above barony of Middle Third,. but it is situated on the western boun- dary of the barony, and not on the eastern, as the name of Raith Airthir would imply. Still, it is the opinion of the Editor that the Rath of Cnoc- Rafann, or Grafann, as it is sometlmea writien, is the Rath Airthir, and that Femhin in ancient times extended fisff- ther to the west than Keating supposed. The fact appears certain that Cnoco THE COURTSHIP OF MONERA. At a certain time Eoghan Taidhleach was on the lawn of the residence of his own father, Mogh Neid, at Rath Airthir Femhin.* He was not long there till he saw three youths there coming towards him at the end of the lawn. Prosperous be thy pleasant works, O youth, said they. The same to you, O youths, said he. It is happy for thee, said they. It is happy, indeed, said he. Ye shall have share of the happiness, said Eoghan. Dost thou not thyself know, O youth, said they, the happiness which is destined for thee. I have not know- ledge of it as yet, said he. We have the knowledge of it for thee, said the youths : Two names thou hast had until this day ; thou shalt have the third name now ; and thy seed shall rule over Erinn, and thou shalt not rule until they do so. It is certain that thou shalt not find a spouse until thou reachest the river Eibhear in Spain, and it is there thou shalt take a spouse ; and she shall be the daughter of the king of Spaiu : and shall bear to thee four children ; and there shall be a champion of them, and his seed shall prevail over Erinn, as we have said already before this time. And there shall be champions of them, and they shall have the attribute of championhood too. And there shall be two beautiful; distinguished, charming princesses of them : and the names of these four shall be, Ailill, the eldest son of them ; and Coemhill, the daughter of Eoghan, shall be the next to him ; and Lughaidh^ shall Bafann was situated in Airther Femh- in. This opinion has been formed on the aathority of an article in MS. H, 3. 17. T.C.D. p. 844. by which it appears, that on the eve of Eoghan Mor, the eldest son of Oilill Oluim, setting out for the battle of Magh Mucriinhe, he, being childless, was induced by Dacreca the Druid to lie with his daughter Moncha, that he might leave an heir, as the Druid foretold his fall in that battle. Eoghan consented, and on the day following cot) luits lee bo KAplj] ] i)2l]ticeti fetijlj- 11). 1r Ai)i) bo] ATiUf eo5A]i) ?l)o|ti. Hinc nunc Baphi." This Baphi was Eoghan's mother, and the name or form Bafann (and Grafann) is merely the genetive of Baphi. ^ Lughaidh This was the cele- brated Lughaidh Lagha, who behead- 154 ■CoCrtJAjlC 2t)01)fe]tA. lef fbe ; Acuf bnbeAb ^ocblncc b|tii]i)be b]Af |:Abeo]b Arjb, Scot- t;]ATi) 103^1) 6o3A]t). 2lcuf A]ibA]f]i) fO]t a ceryb, eboi), bA b-]A]l^lb, A TOUCbA Iai ACtt|» lA]rbe A11>bA|lAcb. CaTJA]* CA1)]C bu]bTe ^f i:A]ti y]V, ^ tijAcu, A]t 603A1). N]i). T^Tt] tijejc 2li)i)- C]pAce]i ]p 4D]iuAb f ii)be a b-G^fP^I^- 2lcuf Art?fO] i*6ic |:o|t a pux V]V f e^b bo cbuAjb f Ai|i. ZIccuat boi) 1H5, eboij, jio ii)T)]|» bo. 2lcttf If Ai)i)f]i> Abbe]tcTOH) : bo bAti) 2lbA]b, e6oi), a ^pAcbA^b, |:o]i eT]ttTi>, Ait Qiheji, a|i ]ti5 6fpA|i)e, Acuf iAit|:A]b bATt) boi) 4D]iu]b CAi> cuAi), T)o ceijel, i>o qij^ub, ijo cUijb boi) f fji bo be]tA Ap ipseit) Ti)-b|C ucuc ir^l fO|i ii)*i:]A6i)A]fe, e6oi) tijo ii)5ei> f ei). jf Ai>b bo cbii^bttf A, ACttf Afbe]iCAf |:]t|f ]t) 4D|m]b |:Aicni)e bo bei>ATi) bop jilS |;o bAlA a iV^et)} ; ACuf ArtjfAe ^ry 4D]tu]b ] f o]in)- i>A A f eff A ; ACttf ]to f Aillf]5eb bo coiijAb a })')V]T CeffiAcb cele A lP31^e* e6oi), A b-6^T*1W« C]A fUAcb flT^ ^ b-6^1]tpTj b]A c]b- |i]pbfeA To'iT)5ei) A|i 6be|i/ Coijqcf a fe|i autjia, a^i 71) 4D]ttt]b, A ly-JxpT^ ^^<^ ^i^]^) ^ocfA75ib; Acuf jio SAbfAc fecc fep c]ticbA bee A]t nc^c ]T) iijbf I 1)1^117 Ab bu^leAc. Cef c coijqucf a, A]t 6be]t. Jt) UA]]i jiAcbA^b [ceccA] ua^c A]tA cbeATjb, Alt 71) <D|tuib. Ctt]]tf] ceccA fO|t A cbeijb, A]t 6be]t f]t]f ]i) ^Djiuib, CO b"^1T^^ bl fll 11) njAccoen? selU]. Ro cbu]]t atj D|iuib a cji^ n)e]c Acuf bA feAb a t>At)ii)Ai)i)Af ]be, e8oi) pAcbe, ACuf 'Pif, ACUf 'PiitiTjpe. )y Ai)bf]t> Abbeiic ]i) 4Dpu]b tiii)be cecbc aji bo cbeWf A ; ACttf CA]|l l]l)b a TI?ttcbA lAe] AT1)bAtlAcb> ACttf 1JA cltt]i)eA6 f ocbAjbe ttA]b, ACttf i)a cltt]i)eb c]tA fibe, ii)3ei) 6cbAc, bo Ti)ACA]]t, bAi3 t>]c IqcfCA fO]i coi)i)Aib n)A|iA b]A clu]i)eb. ed Art, the son of Coim, zaonarcli of Eriim, and Beinne Brit, the son of the king of Britain, in the battle of Magh Mucrimhe. It was he that behead- ed also the three Ferguses, kings of Ulster, in the Battle of Crinna in Meath, for Cormac the son of Art. ' As he was requested. It will be seen that the relater tells the result of the message to hisfiither, first, and then the message itself with the re- sult, in detail, again. ^ Ceasair*s Island, — ^This was Erino, which was sometimes named from Ceasar the niece of Noah, who, when refused a place in the ark, fled to Erinn a short time preyious to tiie deluge. « Cantred. — This is the word usuallj written bj English writers for Tricha Ched, which literalij means thirty hundreds. But we learn from the THE COHRTSmF OF HONERA. 155 be the next to her, and nameroiit shall be the death of warriors by him ; and the last opener of the womb i^all be Seoithniamh the daughter o£ Eogban. And* do thou set out lo virit her, that in, to ask her in marriage^ at early dawn of light and day on to-morrow. How did ye get a knowledge of this, youths, said Eoghan. Not unpleasant to tell : We are the three sons of Antipater the Druid, out of Spain. And he sought the best intelligence of his divination^as he was requested*^ ; [and] he communicated it to the king« that is, he told it him. And then he said : Go from me, Ahaidh, that is, Fathaidh, said he, said Eibhear, said the king of Spain, and ask for me of the Druid of what breed, or race, or tribe^ or family, shall the man be who will espouse that little daughter who is in my presence, that is, my own daughter. Then I went and ordered the Druid to make a prophecy for the king for the fortunes of his daughter. And the Druid consulted his highest knowledge ; and it was revealed to him that it was out of Ceasar's Island, viz,, out of Erinn, the spouse of his daughter should be. What shape of a man out of Erinn would I give my daughter to, said Eibhear. An illus- trious man shall come, said the Druid, out of the Island of the sons of Mileadh, to visit thee ; and they have conquered thirty-seven an- cient cantreds® in the bright Island in which they are. I ask when he shall come, said Eibhear. When messengers from thee go to him, said the Druid. Send thou messengers to him, said Eibhear to the Druid, to where this youth whom thou promisest resides. And the Druid sent his three sons, and their names are these, viz.. Fathd, and Fis, and Firinne.' The Druid then ordered us to come to thee ; and come thou with us at dawn of day to-morrow, and let not many hear of it from thee^ and let her not hear of it from thee, namely, the daughter of Eochaidh, thy mother. poem quoted at p. 106, note *, on Balle- Biatach, that the Tricha Ched con- tained thirty Baile Biatachs, and that Mnmhain, or Munster, contained se- venty of these Tricha Cheds. Of these the Ebereans, according to the present authority, possessed thirty- seven, at this time ; the remaining thirty-three must have been in the liiands of the descendants of Lugfaaidh the son of Itb, and probably of l^e danna Bndhraidhe, in the ancestors of the (yCtmor of Kerry, the Clann Dedadh, &c., or, the words may be understood thus: They [the sons of Mileadh] conquered the thirty-seven ancient cantreds of the Inright Idand in which they [their representatives] are. ^ Fathe, Fis, and Firinne, literally F)ropheey, Knoirtodge, Troth. 156 Tx>crt)A]tc 9t)op&|tA. CO TI)UCl)A lAe^ ]tl)bA|lACb, ACUf CttCubf A bA bA]l fA]3]b ^]l] bUfl)- AcbA]b be|i]6 Ue]. 4Do cbuACA]i ]f]i) bui)Ab, acu|» bu]fian) A]tA clefA]b clu]re T0U]3e co bejieb l^e]. l,u]b ]A|if]i) co b-A]|iii) ] rt?-bACA|t PA tlJACCOeirt). 6ACA]t ^1)1) CO TtJUCbA Ia], ACttf |lO 5AbfAc t)A tijejc Iati)a f A]]t uTi) bulA leo. 'Ceic ]t) ti)ac A]t |:e]tc fobTi)Ai5e Acuf ciA3A]c i)A n)e]c ele pa be3A]b, e8op ipe^c p OfiuAb. 2t)A]cb A Tt)e|C, A|i f]Ac, ]p qc] ^llecb ]to 3ellA]f- Ke- 3AC ec]p Ajtfe. C|A l]p qcfA, A]t T]ac. M] 1^3-^ -^c rt?]fe ACuf ti)o cu]c cotpaIca t^pb; Uc, Acuf OepAjiA, ACuf p|AcbA S>i3bcbl tt?Ac )^e]blitp]6 RecbcA]b, ACuf 2li3lepb, ipAc ti]3 Of fiAi3e, cotpaIca ele bAtp ; Acuf iA|iT]p ^A3U|i tpAc |ii3 4De]*ce|tc 6|iepp, b]Ac^ 5lepp ^A5A]]t ^pb^u ; ACUf 3^irc^^^cb ipAC |ii3 JA|icA]|i ^UTpAp, cotpaIca ele bATp ; ACUf 'C]3e|ipAcb ' Osraighe, now Ossory. *> Glenn Maghair, now Glanmire near the city of Cork. The name of this place has furnished to the learned antiquarians of the south of Ireland a theme of much discussion, and evidence as they suppose, of the ancient pagan worship of Erinn, from the Bight Rev. Lexicographer, Dr. John O'Brien, A.D. 1768, down to the present day. Dr. O'Brien, in explaining the word Magh in his Dictionary, says : — ** Maoh, a plain, a level country. This Celtic word is latinized magus hy the Boman writers in the names of places, as Bathe-magus, Noire-magus, &c. Welsh : maes.- Our modern wri- ters have corrupted it into may and muigh. *' Maoh-Adhair, a plain or field of adoration or worship, where an open temple, consisting of a circle of tall strait stone pillars, with a very large flat stone called crom4eac, serving for an altar, was constructed by the Druids for religious worship. These Druidish temples, whereof many are still existing in Ireland, were built in the same manner with that which was built by Moses, as it is described in Exod. xxiv. 4, consisting of twelve stone pillars and an altar; but the object of the Druidish worship, at least in ages much later than the pri- mitive times, was not, without doubt, the true God. Several plains of this name, Magh Adhair, were known in Ireland ; particularly one in the coun- try now called the Counly of Clare» where the kings of the O'jBrten-race were inaugurated. Another about four miles northward of Cork» now called Beal atha Magh'Adhair, from which the valley called Gleann-Magh^dhair derives its name." It is very clear from the reference in the present tract to the origin of the name of Gleann Maghair , that Doctor THE COURTSHIP OF UONERA. 157 for it is certain that she would not allow thee to go upon the waves of the ocean if she heard of it. Go ye, O youths, [said Eoghan] as all others do, into the great court, until early dawn of day to-morrow, and I shall come to you at the dusk of the closing day. They went into the court, and he remained at his field-sports till the end of the day. He went then to where the youths were. They remained there till dawn of day, andthe youths laid hands upon him to induce him to go with them. The young man went out upon an earthem mound, and the other youths went after him, namely, the sons of the Bruid : Well, youth, said they, wilt thou come where thou promisedst ? I will go, in- deed, said he. In what number will you go ? said they. None shall go [said he] but myself and my five foster-brothers here, Ut, and Oenara, and Fiacha, Suighthi the son of Feidhlimidh Reachtaidh ; and Aiglenn, the son of the king of Osraighe,* another foster-brother of mine ; and after him Maghur the son of the king of the south of Eriun, after whom Glenn Maghair^ is called at this day ; and Gaisgedhach the son of the king of West Mumhain, another foster-brother of mine ; and Tigher- O^Brien is wrong in his view of it. He is equally inaccurate in reference to Magh Adhair, in Clare. The Editor had the satis&ction, in the year 1840, to be the first in modem times to iden- tify that famous plain, and the mound, not Cam, of Magh Adhair, on which the 0*Brien was inaugurated. The place is now called Park Myra, and is situated in the townland of Toonagh, parish of Cluaine, or Clooney, barony of Upper Bunratty, and County of Clare, about three miles and a half south-west of Tulla, on the road to Quin, and near the ford called Hell's- gate. The mound, not a Corn, on which the O'Briens were inaugurated, is still to be seen at this place. It is of an irregular oval form, measuring in length 102 feet, and 82 feet in breadth ; it is from 7 to 10 feet high and flat at the top. This plain had its name from Adhar, one of the sons of Umor, of the Fomorian race, who obtained a location in it from Queen Medhbh ^Meave) of Connach, about the beginning of the Christian era, at the same time that his brothers, Aen- ghus, Cimme, Cutra, &c., obtained from the same Queen the places that still bear their names, viz.. Dun Aen- ghusa of Arann, Loch Cutra, now Lough C^ter in the County Galway; Loch C^^^B now Lough Hacket, in the sam^^unty, and some others. The present County of Clare formed part of the province of Connacht at the time that we are speaking of, and until conquered by Lughaidh Menu of the Dal Cais or Dalcassian ancestorial line, about the middle of the third century. 158 T^ocn)A\ic 8t)oi)6]t^. tDAC fi]3 Coi)i)Acl>c, cofi>AlcA fele bAit) ; Acuf 2Qof Ab njo s^Ua, b^AC^ 2t)A5 ^ofA]b. 2lrt?fO] ^o^ fee CO b-A]ftft) A ti)-bo] loijj i)a tijAcoenj, Acnf ^f Ai>i) bo]f]be -] i)-43ui) tja ii)-bA]tc a T)-]A]tcbA]t €>]tew. SliDfO] fee tionjptt A|i ti)tti)qT)b ti)AtiA a i)oi>bA]t tijAccoen?. l,ocA]t aij 0]bcbe T]V CO b-li)fen ^^ fA]|icf]t)A. )f A][te bijo, AbbejiATi it>if i)A f A]]icni)A T^l^ri^®> **^11^ l'^ qcbe]i e|T| 6i]t]t)i) Acuf SfpA^i). ' CoDfoifec ]ij Ajbcbe ^1) ixiv ojlei) fii). 2lbbe]tc ]i) |ti3 ]r\V n)A]h]r)X]r) jiif ^i) b]tu]b : p]t)CA bu]i)b ]Tt)cbuf i)-A tijACConjen) bo cbuACA]t ttA^ijb fO|i ti)ui)qi)b tDA|iA. Ro fiAjtf A 5i) bu]cfe y]t) A|i fe; Iff ^t)V^ cAT)CACA|i A]t fecc, Acuf coi)febuc ai)occ ^ij 6fpA]lJ. jfCAC cAt>ic A|i f ecc, If cAji) cATicbAC A cu]becc ; coplecbf A A fjl A]t ^Aj T^-Si]!, f ]|i C01)f0] AIJOCC ]1) ftff>A]T).. 4DO cl)ltACA]t 1)A luil)3 ]A]tfl1), ACUf ^tOjfeC CO CAlAb ftfpA]i>e. Bu] fjlCfCAl ACUf f]llcbA]lert? fO]t|lA, ACUf |lUCAb CO bU1)Ab |l]3 6f pA]t)e, [^Ac] e6oTj co 'Coji n)-Biteo5Aii) i i)-6fpA]i). Ro fe^^S f^^lre 11)^1), tDu^pceji&Ai f Mu. Bo f|ieflA]c Acuf ]to f |t]eb^]l)c ^AC. CttCAb i;uA b]b bo]b ACUf f eAi) leAijbA. Baca^i ]t) qb- cbef ]i) API), ACUf i)i]t })''\rt)]i'A]beb jt^u ]i) cbA]i)3ei) f o i)-becbACA]t, ACUf bpo, t>i|i ]rt?|iAibfec ji] ijecb. ^tJAjcb a rt?]C A]t 7^]aca SttfSq, A B05A]1J, b]A t)-AbAtlcbA|t ftl^CfA CAbA]]tC 1)A t1)17A, qA3A]t uAicfe bV3AllA]ii) ]i) b|iuAb, Acuf sellcAfi feoyc t>o, Acuf ii)A]i)e, ACUf Ab]tAb ]M|^]l f6t) feffi co ceijb tij-bljAbijA ai)1) ; co jtAbuTt) ^c becf]t) t)^^BB31D^ co cepb nj-bl^AbijA ACUf co fjijbAii) bef ]t> q]*^ Ai>eoil ] CAi)CArt?A|i. pACA Ijutpf a x]V> a 3]IIa> a^ fto5Ai). ^ii)bAib bACAitfOTt) u]rt?e f|i) coT>ACAc:A]t ceccA 71) |i]3 * Jlfa^A Mbsadh, i»e., Mosadh's plalsL great Sjnod was held about A.D. 1 110, This plain lay between Eile and Caiseal was, I believe, situated in this plain. (Cashel) in the present Countj of i Innsi-na-faircsiona, ijO., the Island Tipperary. See MS. H. 3. 17. p. 772. of viewing, which would be the same T.C.D. Raith Breasail, where, the as a Cape Look out. There is nothing THE COURTSHIP OF MOHERA. 159 nach the son of the king of Connacht, another foster-brother of mine, and Mosadh my servant, after whom Magh Mosadh' is called. They went forth on the way to where the ship of the youths was, and and where she lay was in Dun-na-m-harc in the west of Erinn. They set out on their course over the ridge of the sea, the nine youths. They went that night to Innsi-na-faircsionaJ The reason why it is called Inis-na-faircsiona is, because Erinn and Spain are seen from it. They staid that night in that island. The king [of Spain] said on this morning to the Druid : discover for us the history of the youths who have gone upon the surface of the sea from us. I will tell thee that now, said he. It was on yesterday tbey came on their voyage, and they will arrive in Spain to-night. Those who have come from afar. Pleasantly has their coming happened ; Their seed shall spread over the Magh Fail,*' The men who this night will reach Spain. They went into their ship after this, and reached the shore of Spain. They had service and attendance bestowed upon them, and they were brought to the king of Spain's court, that is, to Breogan's Tower' iu Spain. They received a kind and friendly welcome. They were served and waited upon. They were given the newest of food and the oldest of ale. They spent that night there, and they were not spoken to touching the business upon which they went,^or did they speak of it to any one. Well, my son Eoghan, said Fiacha Suighdhe, if thou art asked to marry the princess, send a person to speak to the Druid, and let gifts be offered him, and wealth ; and let him say that there is not wedding luck until the end of a year, in order that we may watch the daughter for the year ; and that we may ob^Bk the customs of the strange country into which we have come. I romk that time too long, O youth, said Eoghan. While they were thus engaged they saw the furtheritol>e said of tins island. Erinn wete crowned at Ticva, and ^ Mu^h fat7..~Tfaat U, the plain of hence the name Ini^iL Fal, same as Inisfail, or the Island > Breogan's Tower, — See page 137, of Erinn. Fal, or Lia Fail, was the note K stone on which the ancient kings of 160 t^06ri)A|lC 2t)0!)^ttA. / c1)ucA. ^^]t A njACCoetijA, bAft i)A cecbcA, cu|o bo 5ei)tA|ff 11) V] jtlfl CA1)CubA]|l. N] b-ACA|1)b ACA A ^U||tecb ICfjl, A|t 603AI), ACC ]t) UA]|t buf ACCobAjl lAf ]1) jljj. j|* A1)l)f]l) bO c1)UA]b A ceAccA CO A^jiti) ]|i|iAbe ]i) |i], Acuf jio ]i)b]f bo ]:|ieco|tA )r) rt)Occoe]n) t?A]|i. j|* At>i)f|i) |io ^aji^acc ]1) ]t| boi) b|tu]b 710 btt^ ]i)A ^AjijiAb, ctt]i) bub ttjA^cb r^t> f^rri ^0]b. jffj tt)o cbA- btt]f [A|t AT) b|iu]b] i)A p(?3eb bo^b f6i) ]f fe|t|i ]1)a t)occ; c|A5An) ]f |t) cecb ] CACC 1)A tl)ACCOe]tl). 4Do cbuAfb ]1) |l] ACUf lt)A]Cl 6|^A]i)e Mtpe, ][•]!) cecb ]]t|tAbucA|i t)A n^ACCoeitp ; ACUf ^aji^ acc A ceijel ujle b^b ; ACuf ]A|tuti) |io it)i)7fecA]t bo ti)A]i ca ]toii)A]0^ Al)UAf. jf Al)bf]l) bo |l01)Ab A l^tt) ACUf A lepAb. ACUf t)] ]tO cbtt]ncbic feo]c i)o njA^t^e f A]]t/ 21 iDACcoetiju, A]t ^i) ft^s, bA c]f feb bA]t cotijlji^f] cbu5An)f A bo cbu^t^cbl^ feoc, i)0 n)A]i)e, ryo ]i)^Ti)A]f, bo be]iAii)bf| bu]b; ACUf n^A^cbbec a C]i)i)fcC|iA, ACUf a cocb]tA 1)^ b-li)51i)^ wc bu]b. )y Ai)bf]i) bo cuAf ]f it) fluA]5cecb i)A f OCA] be, ACUf tio 5AbAb fle6ol ACUf conjAlcuf leo, a co]ti)Aib ]lb|iecA, ecoi]i, ACuf a b-^fCjiA^b fOjiojtbAib, Acuf a cuAcbA]b f|i)b|tuii)e, uAffi bA bjiecb CAcb b|t]AcbA|i bO]b. Ko be|i5]c ]Utt)bAbA f A]l)ett)lA bO]b, ACUf bo cbuACAjl ]1)A l)-]tl)bAbA|b, ACUf i)AlepcbA]b; ACUf |io cbAi)A]b a c]u|l ACUf A i)Ai|i|r|q8 bo]b. BACAft A1)1) 11)A l)-lTl)bA6A]b CO]t l]\) SUlAt) CttlcbA ACUf CUA^cb" eb|tA 6f pA]i)e. Bacaji ai)1) C|i] Ia ACUf c|i] b-^l^cbe. 2le]bi)ef Acu cAcb Ia, ol CAcb t)-A]bcbe. t)| c|i)b c|t] Iaa co i)-A]bcbe, 710 bA]l]c f eojc, ACUf it)A]i)e, ACUf ]T)^ii)Af a, boi) ii)5e]i). 21 i)-]ii)cbuf o fei) Att)Acb i)OCOi) eb bo bejiAji fO|t A^fib; acc bACA]t co ceijb Ti)-bl]AbT)A 1 i)-6fpAiT). S]iucb foji Uji 6f pA]i)e, S|tucb !)-6b]|l A Aii)tt) ; ACUf CAcb f ecbctijAb bl]AbA]i) qc ]i)i)C]-f ei)e b|iAbAi) o b]Att)|iA]b i)A T)-^ttl, ACUf olAi)b C|iicfibe. Ocuf ]f Ai)b]|i) Abbejtc ]i) t)|tu]b cebi)A [f |t]f ]i) l!)3li)] : ji)b]tt ac^ ] i)-bai) a f AsbA^l IT) 1)] b]A n)b]A ]i) cjief A^ptt) aji cbf^jt :8icuf a|i bo cbel]. 2lcuf e]|i5 bo cbtttt) )X) cjiocbA iT)b]u, e&oi), StiocbA 6b]|i; ACUf ]T)^]u ACA 7 i)-bAi) ]T) bfiAbAt) bo cbtt]becc Ai)b; ACUf fecc ii)-bl]AbT)A °* Be Aan {/£</. —This is the literal of course means joining hands, meaning of the word in the text, which THE COURTSHIP OF M03IERA. 161 Icing's messengers coming towards them. Well, O youths, said the messengers, when will you execute that about which you have come ? It is not with us to delay it at all, said Eoghan, but whenever the king desires it. Then his messengers went to where the king was, and told him the answer of the youths. Then the king asked the Druid* who was with him, when would be the lucky wedding time for them. It is my opinion, said the Druid, that there cannot be found for them a time more propitious than this night ; let us go to the house in which the youths are. The king, accompanied by the nobles of Spain, went to the house in which the youths were ; and he questioned them all as to their lineage ; and they, then told him, as it appears already above. And then they were behanded,™ and bedded, and he was not asked for gifts or Wealth. O youths, said the king, if you all had come to me to ask for gifts or wealth, or riches, I would give them to ye ; and I will, therefore, forgive you my daughter's presents and dowry. Then the people went into the Army-house," and they partook of a banquet of drinking and eating, out of thickly studded carved horns ; and out of golden vessels, and of cups made of Finndruine, and every word of theirs was a command. Rich couches were prepared for them, and they went into their couches and beds ; and their music and melodies were played for them. They continued in their beds until the sun had filled the hills and territories of Spain. They remained so for three days and three nights, with sports each day, and drink each night. At the end of three days and nights, presents, and wealth, and riches were given to the princess. Their history from that out is not what shall he brought forward ; but they remained to the end of a year in Spain. There is a river across the middle of Spain, the River Eibheai® is its name ; and every seventh year there comes into it a salmon from the secret recesses of creation, and wool growing through him. And it was then that the same Druid said to the princess : It is to-day it is destined for thee to find that from which the third name shall be upon thy spouse and companion. And go thou unto the river this day, that is, the River Eibhear ; and it is to- day it is destined that the salmon shall come into it ; and seven yearts ^Army-house, — This was what would ** Biver Eibher, — See page 39, nota'. now be called a barrack. and post p. 168. CELTIC SOCIETY, VI. 11 162 'Cocri^Aiic %)oit)6|iA. Cttf ]i)b]u cAi)|c. Ocuf 5AbA|i ACucfA b-^> ACttf bep A oIaiji) be. O jiA bu^ t|3bfiACAC ]t)5ei) |i]3 6f pA^ije f uijb, Acuf ce]C|ie bli- AblJA ACU|t|tA f]l) ACUf C-ACA]|lfe, ACUf b]I]C 6|i]5 boi) c-t|tucl), A A|i)be|i, cot) C]UClAfCA]]t ]1) c1)A]t)5ep, CO c]b|te Aff clAcbc cei) ii)ecb> b]b be b|Af 6o3At) 'CA]5lecb. 2ll1)fO| bo CUtl) ^1) C-f]tOcbA, ACUf bA jlOlJAb A^jlCeffC ACCU A|t 11) TD-b|iAbAT) 3u|i 3AbA8 leo ly-e, ACuf |io bei)Ab be )r) clAcbc bu| ^A]|i, CO i)-beA|ii)A ft bjtAC b]A f]]t boi) olA]t)b bo| A|i ]i) ti)-b]tACAi), ACUf bACAji i)A b-u]le bAcb ]!)b ]f]i) b|tAC f^i). )r) Iac] coi)5ebebfOrt) jt) b|tAc u]rt)e, ]i) bAcb ^o A]bb|fceA boi) f]]i bui ]i)A f A|t]tAb, 1)] b-^ T^o CAifpei)CA bot) f]|t bub i)efA bo f^fi). Jx ADbriD re3Air it) ]i] ^Ant, acuj- ]t) ii)bAib ]io fe^, coibl|3ef u]le b-e ic||i ecc [cucc] Acuf eitfteb. 4) Ait tt)-bitecbiit, ol |t) ]ii, if cott)co]blecb iiiA biiAc ufle 603AI) Ai)Off*A. C|At) oca 1 coicc] Acuf 1 c^iiiit)3Aiiie, Alt It) bitui, 11) c-Ait)ti) n^ ^ beicb f^lTt- fiutt), Acuf biAib fAiit 1)0 30 fAbbA bAf ACttf Ai3eb, e8oi), 603AI) C5iblecb, ACUf bib AiDrt) iaiicait) bo 6o3At) fibeAc, ^icblb lei1)fA, Alt 11) Tt)AC, bul bOtt) Clticb ACUf bOTI) OftbA ACuf bort) feitAt)!). 6|it3 a tt)|c, Alt it) bituib, foit Tt)at)cii)b njAiiA. CaII) Ceit1)A]f, ACUf ACAcbACAlll fOll bO Cb|1)b lt)A flAcblUf ; ACUf beiit bo bAi)celi, ACUf i)i becbi ^^c t)Ai i)-A|bcbe 1 t)-6iiii)i) it) uAin befiAf It) 361) fil fo b[tuii)be, ACUf bib Iai) beoil feit t)-6ltet)t) be. 'Cucajc fe6]c Acuf tDAii)e ACuf |i)btDAf a boibfiuti). BaCAII A1)1) CO iDUCbA lAei ACUf IaCI lAlt 1)A bAitAcb. 'CAtJlC t)eitc bot) feot) ACuf bot) c-folAib AbiiubAnic it) biiuib itiu, Acuf AiDfoifec ii)A loi)3Aib, ACUf ito lit)A|c f6 loi)3A leo. Ocuf caii)ic 11) 43iiu|b cucA ic bulA ii)A lot)3Aib, ACUf cue A UCC Alt It) luii)5 Ilili0]be 6o3At), ACUf Acbeitc f jtif- Bjb Tt)oii f (cb CAicb muc ifji) ^ Since Ligbratach.—Thero is a, sen- "^ Eoghan Taidhieach, Ue,, Eoghan teuce, at least, omitted here by the the shiuiug. original transcriber. THE COURTSHIP OP MOMEllA. 163 this day it came last. And let him be caught by thee, and let his wool be taken off him by thee. Since Lighbhratach^, the daughter of the king of Spain was here ; and four years that were between her and thy father. And dixit : Go to the river, O woman. Thy cause shall be heard. Till thou bringest from it an unfailing garment. From which shall be Eoghan Taidhleach.** They went to the river, and they laid a snare for the salmon until they caught him ; and the covering that was upon him was taken off him; and she made a cloak for her spouse from the wool that was upon the salmon ; and all colours that were in him were in that cloak. The day that he would put the cloak upon him, the colour that appeared to the man that was near to him, was not that which was shown to the man that was nearest to himself [again]. The king looked at him then, and thu moment he did, he became all shining both face and vesture. By my word, said the king, Eoghan is all as shining as his cloak now. A long time is it destined and prophesied, said the Druid, that that name would be upon him, and it shall be upon him until he receives death and destruction, viz., Eoghan Taidhleach, and he shall afterwards be called Eoghan Fidheach. I think it time, said the youth, to go to my country, my inheritance, and my land. Go, my son, said the Druid, upon the surface of the sea. Thou shalt arrive safely, and thy father is before thee in his sovereignty ; and take thy wife and ye will be but nine nights in Erinn when she shall bring forth the being which is in her womb ; and the mouths of the men of Erinn shall be full of him.' There were presents, and wealth, and riches, given to them. They continued till the early dawn of the next day. The luck and the omen has become strong, said the Druid to them. And they went into their ships, and they filled six ships. And the Druid came to them when they were going into their ships, and put his breast to the ship in which Eoghan was, and said to him : Great shall be the contest of people with thee * And the mouths of the men of Erinn be filled with his praise. will be full 0/ Aim.— That is, they will 164 Toe It) A |tc 2l)on)o]iA. c|i]cb b-] coTj^ OA|5 1)] lec^ife 6|te bo rjeoc}), Acuf x)) lecpeA ijecb &lttc &u]c, Acuf |tof |io]t)b^]cb] eb|tu]b b|- 'CAi^cAc^jt pA]|iOT)b ye lot)3 Ia^^, bo ijeocb bu| ]!0]t a cuji ^ei) ACUf ^A|l A cbuAjtAfCAl. Coijjb Aljp S^bf AC b'l^ l3ui) CoftCAl) A i)-)A]trt)un)A]i^. 2lTDfoifec lA]tf]i) b-1 c]|i, Acuf |to b-li^^lfeb fo fe^ti]!?!) A co]iAccAit). 2lcuf bA |t]3 6|tet)i) ^0]t A cb]pbfOTi) CAcb^J^llt n)0]t j Acuf |A|tni) c]iA |io ]:Aibeb ceccA oAb b'^CAllA]n) |t]T5 6fiet)b, Acuf ]to cu^i^ceb C]i]cb uAb]b fAi|t/ <Do befti'A ^t)Ab bu]t)e bo ] co]ceb Cot)bAcc, Aciif bo bejt bA 6ui^ b6 a b^ co]5eb 2t)uii)At). Coo]b At)i)f]T? 'CucAb t)ubcbelAcb bo ] co]5eb Coi}|t|, Acui* cucAb <t)|tuiTi) T)-2l|tb bo b-1 co]ceb CotjbACc ; Acuf cucAb TelAcb It) cSlo]5 bo bl'i^-Uibb l.]AcbA]t). 'Cai)ic 6o5Ai> lA]iun) b|A K^3Ab i)A T?-]t)Ab cucAb bo, acu]* SAbA^f boecA b'lbAi) ACUf lAn)AT)bA ]r) it^^ci;, ACuf |iuc n)AC fA]t)eTDA]l ; ACuf AbitubA]itc It) ^|iui^ • ^\^ ^11 i;-bA]le bo be]iA Aft tJ-^ C]i]cbAib u(n)n)e. 2lcu|* |io bA]fceb a fitocb^lb b|tu]beccA, ACuf cucAb 2l]l]ll ]:A]|t, Acui' bA] ]:o|ico]in)Acb adt^a i:Ai]t ]A|icaiij. 2lcuf bo ]tOAcbc A Acb^iit }:et), acu]' ]io 5AbAb leofon) |t) bupAb ACUf It) be3A|tuf bo cbocbul. 2lcuf jtucAb ]r) hjac co but)Ab a tpACAji- foti) ^ei) Acuj* A AcbA]t. 2lcuf ]to bet)Ab lef|un) it) fibbA^b ^ cotpirocuf bo, 3u ]tA cocbl^b le]f ^t) caIati) b]. 2lcuf bA bee leifjori) i:u]]tn7eb AllAro t)A lAecb co ro becb l^u]]tn7eb a cof ii7A]t Aet) tijf ; coi;|b ^ fC|tiibAt) A|cet)CA ]:uAi|if|Urt), ^reccA bo cbA- bA|]tc A]t t)A i:ebA|b bu] ]llAn)A]b i)A lAecb* Jf b| A|i cobAjf " Duncorcan. — The situation of this Dun is not known to the Editor, but it was probably near Dun na m-Barc in Corca Duibhne. * Dubh-thelachj i.e., the black hill or eminence. This place is not known to the Editor. Curi [Gen. Conri] Mac Daire's province comprehended that part of Mumhain, or Munstor, wliich is south of the Sliannon, and west of a line drawn from Limerick to Cork. It appears from a passage in the Book of Lecan, fol. 205, a.a., that this Dun was at Ucht Mic Cae- ch lin in Ciarraidhe Luachra. Ciar- raidh Luachra may be said to be co- extensive with the present barony of Triuchadh an Aicme in the Connty of Kerry. The Sliabh Luachra so often mentioned in ancient Irish MSS.» is laid down on Petty's Map of the Down Survey, South-west of Castleisland, TUE COURTSHIP OF ilOMHlA. 165 in the country into which ihou art going ; but it is certain that thou wilt not permit (all) Erinn to any one ; and that there is one who will not pennit it to thee ; and it ( Erinn) shall be divided between you. There came with him the company of six ships, who were at his own command and pay. And where they arrived at was at Dun Corcan^ in West Munster. They then went ashore ; and their arrival was told all over Erinn. And Cathair Mor was Monarch of Erinn at his coming. And after that, now, messengers were sent by him to address Cathair Mor ; and a territory was asked by him from him. I will give him the site of a court in the province of Connacht ; and I will give him two courts in the two provinces of Mumhain. And it was then that Dubh-thelach^ was given him in Curoi*s Province ; and Druim Ard [High Ridge, or hill] was given him in the province of Connacht ; and Telach-an-t-Sloigh" was given him in Uibh Liathain. Eoghan came then to see the places that were given ; and pangs of labour and parturition seized upon the princess ; and she brought forth a beautiful son ; and the Druid said : great will be the fame of his exploits through the countries around him. And he was baptized in druidic streams, and [the name of] Ailill was given to him. And he had an addition to his name afterwards. And his own father came, and they commenced to dig for the court and noble residence. And the son was carried to the court of his own, [Eoghan's] mother and father. And he [Eoghan] cut down trees all round him, and dug up the ground with them. And he thought the force of the hands of the men too little without having the force of their feet along with it ; and the invention of mind which he discovered was, to put returns (treadles) upon the trees which were in the hands of the men. It is our conviction, said the and apparently running across the Blackwater River into the Barony of Duhallow in the County of Cork. ° Tulach an t-Sloigh, i.e., the hill, or eminence of the army or host. This place is not known to the Editor, but the Uibh Liathain in which it was si- tuated is now the barony of Barry- more in the County of Cork. The passage in the Book of Lecan, quoted above places these three Duns — one in Sliabh Smoil, in Tipperary, I think, another in Dealblma, or Del- vin, in Westmeath, and the third as noted above. The discrepancies be- tween these accoimts, and the diffe- rence in time between the present and the preceding tract could not now be satisfactorily reconciled. 166 Tx)cn)A|tc ^otp^itA. bot)A peccA]b uc cucAb A|t ry^ ^ ebA]b Acur^ b^b 603AI) pjb- fecAC be. 2lcuf bo 5ei)cA|t lee i)A c|i] bu]i)e cucAb bu]c, Acuf p]b^eccA] A^ijtp cec bu]t)e b]b, acui* cot)5ebA lecb 6|tei)b u]le leo. 2lf li]i cu^jien) a fcel o f]p AttjAcl). CoijAb coc1)n)A|ic ^oti)6jtA )t)B^W^ M5 6fpAi)e b'jAji fo] |ie b-6o3Ai) 'Coiblecb, ocuf 5et)ett)A]i) 21]I^IIa Oltt^n) ipbnt). ^ Eoghan Fidh-fecach, i.e., Eoghan eignifles now in Monster the spade* of the return-trees. The word Eeac tree (handle) alone; and the treadle or THE COUKTSUrP OF MOMERA. 167 Druid's son, that it is this day all thy names are upon thee : from those returns thou hast put upon the trees, thou shalt be Eoghan Fidhfhecach.^ And thou shalt build the three courts that have been given thee ; and Fidhfheccai shall be the name of every court of them ; and thou shalt conquer the half of all Erinn by them. And that is the courtship of Momera, the daughter of the king of Spain when she wedded Eoghan Taidhleach ; and the birth of Ailill Oluim. return, which is generally a distinct and the eastern part of Leinster, they piece, is called Eric. But in Meath call the whole spade a fac (feac.) ERRATUM AND ADDENDUM. At page 39, note ', before the words "the River." read " Probably." M after the word ** Ebro," read "which." t, at the end of the note read: " See Buchanan's History of Scotland, p. 47, London, 1690." Buchanan's statement is contained in a note to a passage which it may be interesting to reprint here, with its notes, in full. After shortly stating the tradition of the origin of the Scots or Gacdhils, their descent from ** Gathelius," or Gadelus and Scota the daughter of the king of Egypt, and the tedious voyage of Gadelus and his followers along the shores of the Mediterranean and the Atlantic coast towards the north of Spain : he adds that : — ** Some will have him to land at the River Iberus,* but leaving that country which he could not keep, they draw him on further to Galecia,** a couctry Auch more barren. Some land him at the Mouth of the River Durius,*** being the first of all Men, as I suppose, who adventured into the Ocean with a Navy of Ships ; and that there he built a brave Town, which is now called from his name Portus Gatheli, or Port a Port (Oporto) whence the whole country, which from Lusus and Lusa, the children of Bacchus, was a long time called Lusitania, began to be called Portugal ;**** and afterwards being forced to pass into Galecia, he there built Brigantia, now called Compostella ; and also that Braga in Portugal was built by him, at the mouth of the River Munda. • ** Now Ebro a famous River inSpain, rising in the mountains of Asturia, and disimboguing itself into the Mediterranean in Catalonia. •• ** Gallascia, the country about Compostella in Spain. 