~ The claiaas of citizens of the United 8tiUes for losses by reason of the late military operations of Chile in Pern and Boliria are thesnbject of negotiation tor a claims contention with Chile, proriding for their Kal>- mission to arbitration. The harmony of oar relations with China is fally snAtained. In the application of the arts lately paawd to exe<^te the treaty of 1880, rBBtrictiveof the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States, iodividnal cases of hardship hare occurred beyond the power of the Executive to remedy, and calling for jndicial determination. Tbe condition of the Chinese qnestion in the Western States and Ter- ritories is, despite this restrictive legislation, far from being aatis&ctory. The recent ootbr^^p) Wyoming Territory, where numbcra of unoffend- ing Chinamen, inCTlputably within t^fcprotection of the treaties and the law, were murdered by a mob, and^Hrall more recent threatened out- break of the same character in WaHHuon Terrilory, are fre«h in the minds of all, and there is apprehennon lest the bitterness of feeling against tbe Mongolian race on tbe IHMnfic slope may find vent in similar lawless demonstrations. All tbe power of this Grovemment should he exerted to maintain the amplest good &uth toward China in the treat- ment of these men, and the inflexible sternness of the law in bringing the wrongdoers to justice should be insisted upon. Every effort has been made by thu Government to prevent these violent outbreaks and to aid the representatives of China in their investipition of these out races; an<l it is hut just to say that they are traceable to the lawlessness ot men not citizens of the United Htates engaged in coniiK- tition with {'hinej*e l:il>orc'rs. liace prejudice is the chief foctor in originating these disturbances, and it exists in a large part of our donwin, jeopardizing our domestic peace and the good r«>lationship we strive to maintain with China The admitted right of a govemsaent to prevent the influx of elements hostile to its internal peace and security may not be questioned, even where there is no treaty sti pulstion on the subject. That the eicl uaion of Chineae labor is demanded in other conntries where like conditioas prevail is strongl v evidenced in the Dominion of Canada, where Chine««^ immigration is now regulated by laws more exclusive than our own. If existing laws are inadequate to compass the end in view. I shall 1h» prepared to give earnest consideration to any fhrtber remedial measures, within the treaty limits, which the wisdom of Ooagreas may devise. The independent state of the Congo has been organized asa govem- meaft, wader the sovereignty of His ICaK«ty the King of the Belgians, whoaaraaaes ito chief aiagirtracy in his personal charaeterealy, withont '"'^"fg **to "•w atato a depeadency of Belgium. It io fbrtunato that a benighted region, owing all it haa of quickening ciriKsatioa to the b»ifioence aad phihuBthropw spirit of this raoaarch,. should have the advMitage and secarity of his benevolent saperrisien. The action taken by this Govemmeat last year in being the first to recognize the flag of the IntematioBal AssoeiaiiKHi of the Congo has been followed by form&l recognition of the new nationality which 8uecee<Ls to itasoverngn powers. A conference of delegates of the principal commercial nations was held at Berlin last winter to discuss methods whereby the Congo Bi;<^iii might be kept open to the world's trade. Delegates attended on l)e- half ef the United States on the understanding that their port should be merely deliberative, withont imparting to the results any binding character so far as the IJaited States were concerned. This reserM- was due to the indisposition of this Government to share in any du- posal by an international congressHTjurisdictional questions in remote loreign U'rritories. The results of the conference were embodied in ;i formal act of the nature of an international convention, which laid down certain obligations pnri)ortiDg to be binding on the tl^tories, sul^eet to ratification within one year. Notwithstanding thPftberva- tron under which the delegates of the United Statn attended, their s^]laturM were attached to tbe general act in the samo manner as those at the plenipotentiaries of other governments, thus mjiking tbe Unite<l States appear. >Tith<.ut r.-serveor qualitication, assignatones to » joint iBtea^Kwal engagement imposing on the signers th»> conservation of the terntonal integrity of distant regions where we have no established intaeats or control. Ttao Government does not, however, regard ito reservation of liberty ofaction in the preniwes as at all impaired; and holdi^that an ea- WgMwnt to frhare in the obligation of enf<M-ring neutrality in the re- BM«e valley of tbe Congo would be an alliance wheoe leqHnsihUiiies ^^H^ "* * P«»*">° to assnme, I abatain from aakime the sanction of the Senate to that general act. ^^ The correspondence will l>e laid l)efore you, and the instructive and bighway may be conotraetod aoeaa the barrier dividing theUra graatcM maritime areaa of the worid iMat be iir the world's bnMit, a tr«a« for mankind, to be removed from the ^a«ce of domina- tmn hy any asagle power, aarhecoaMa point of iavitaftiaa far kortilitiei •f_*pr» ^ ^*^^ uibitioa. An eagi«eMcni eornhkung the oon- '•r^f*""'5^^»f"»^ "id openrtion of aneh a work by thi« €}overnmeat, wrth aa iffinnvo aad defoaaiTe aUianeo far ito protectioQ, with tiie for- fSJm^ f^*?"*'****^^**** *^ "«*»*• ^ ''«»W •*»«t is in my J«dgmwt lamaaisliial with aoeh dertiratton to nnivenal and neotral "^^^^T^ moreover, entail measaica far ita rfaJi^ation beyond the scope of onr national pahty or ^faaai meaaa. -»J5*-^T1^ ^**" *^ abundaaUy confirmed the wisdom aad fare- ■P' •■ .*■•* ""her adaimistrations which, long before |he eonditiMio or BMntUM intorooarse were changed aad enhtfged by tiie progreoa of »»o «ga. pncJauaed the vital need of isteroceanic tiaimit aooas the ™"**f ^^»^ •"•* coinecrated it in advance to th^ eemmon nee of nankiad by their positiTe dedarationa and thnmgk Ibe foraml ob- UgatMo of trmtMs. Toward snch realization tbe eflbrts of my admin- Mrauon wdl he applied, ever bearing ia mind the ptiacMea on which umost r«t, and which were declared in no uncKt^Mtowa by Mr. It^,"^'!™" i»«wtoTy of State, in 1858, aanonnced that "what the tailed htmim want in Centml America, next to the happiness of .K.OT!i II *^ '"cority and neutrality of the intenReanie routes WDicn lead through It ' The eoaotruvtiuo of three traascontiBeBtal lines of railifay, all in suc- ^ .iL ?r"L'*'?L^^*'"^ ^'*^^ «" territory and uniting the Atlantic •nd^ Paohc Oeeaas, h«i been aceooipaaied by lesulto of a meat in- Jjnauag Md imprtwive nature, and haaereatod now eon«it>ena, net in 2rir2S»^"*T*~ •"^y* "*•* " »•***«» i-g»phy, which power- fhlly affect onr reUtions toward, and aoeemanly iaorm ow in^este 2^ ^^*^^«^^ToaU> which a^y be op»cd aad employed for the ««l»ef p«aco and trafSc or, in other eontiagpaciea, far M inimical to w *w-. :r .. . ** ** * ^f*" in the cot of eonunoditita aqareelT aecond a^ Z.^ Fwdatma, aad weigha aa heavily Bp« |he eMsnacr Our experience alnady has proven the great importance of having 1885. GONGRI^SIONAL REOOKD^-.aDrATK 111 iaterestinc report of the aoent sent by this GoTemnient to the Ooago eoontiy and his leeommeailationa tm the eotahtishmentof agenciea on the African coast are also submitted for yanr The oommission appointed by my predeceonr last niaftw to vioit Ae Central and South American countriea and report on Uto mofthods of cnlaiging the oonunercial relations of the United Staieo therewith haa gnhmitted reporta, which will be laid before yon. No opportunity has been omitted to testify the fiiendlinoM of this Government towvd Corea, whose entrance into the fhmily of toeaty powers the United States were the first to recognize. I rsgpvd witii tii- ▼or the application made by the Corean Government to be allowed to employ American oflieen as military instmctoca, to which the aaaentof Congress beoomea neoeoaary, and I am happy to say this roquest has the otMicurrent oanction of China and Japan. Tbe anest aad imprisonment of Julio U. Bantoe, a citizen of the United States, by the authorities of Ercuador, gave rise to a contention with that govemBM&t, in which his right to be released or to have a speedy and Impartial trial on announced charges, and with all guuan- tees of defense stipulated by treaty, w:is insisteid upon by aa. After an elalx>rate correspondence, and repeated and earnest representations on our part, Mr. Santos was, after an alleged trial and conviction, eventu- ally i Deluded in a general decree of amnesty and pardoned by the Ecna- dorian lilxceutive and released, leaving the question of his American citizenship denied by the Ecuadorian Government but insisted upon by our own. The amount a4jndged by the late French and American Claims Com- mission to be due from the United Stetes to French daimanto ou account of injuries suffered by them during the war of seoossiou, having been appropriated by the last Congress, has been duly paid to the French Govemmroat. Tbe act of February 25, 1865, provided for a preliminary search of the reivrds of French prize-conits for evidence bearing on tbe claims of American citizens against France for ^mliations committed prior to 1801. Tbe du^ has been performed, and the report of the agent will be laid before you. I regret to say that the restrictions ujmiu the importation of our pork into France contince, notwithstanding the abundant demMutration ot the absence of sanitary danger in its use; but 1 entertain strcmg hopes that, with a better understanding of the matter, this vexations prohi- bition will be removed. It would be pleasing to be able toaay ao much with respect to Germany, Austria, and other countries, where such food- prod Bcte are abaolotely excluded withont present proqtect of rea- sonable change. Tbe interpretation of our existing treaties of naturalization by Ger- many during the past year has attracted attention by reason of an ap- parent tendency on the part of the imperial govornmeot to extend the scope of the residential restrictions to which returning natorahzed cit- izens of German origin are asserted to be liable under the laws of the empire. The temperate and jost attitude taken by tiiis Government with regard to this class of questions will doubtleas lead to a satisfac- tory understanding. The dispute of Germany and Spain relative to the domination of the Carol ine Islands has attracted the attention of this Government, by re»- Bon of extensive interests of American citizens having grown up in those parts durii^ the past thirty years, and because the queatioa of owner- ship involves jurisdiction of matters affecting the status of oar dtiaeno under dvil and criminal law. Whilst atanding wholly aloof firam the proprietary issues raised between poweta to both of which the United Stetes aj« friendly, this Government expects that nothing in the prtB- ent contention shall unfavorably affectour citizens carrying on a peaoe- fal commeroe or there domiciled, and has so informed the Gi>venuuent8 of Spain and Germany. The marked good will between the United States and Great Britain has been maintained during the post year. The termination of the fishing clauses of the treaty of "V^aahington, in pnrsoanceofthejoint resolution of March 3, 1883, must have resulted in the abrupt cessation on the Ist of July of this year,, in t(ie midat of their ventures, of the operations of citizens of the United States engaged in fishing in British- American waters, but for a diplomatic onderstand- ing reached with Her Mi^jesty's Government in June last, whereby as- surance was obtained that no interruption of those operations should take place during the current fishing season. In Uie interest of good neighborhood and of the oommercial inter- course of a^jaoent communities, the question of the North American fisheries is one of much importance. Following out the intimation given by me when the extensory arrangement above described was ne- gotiated, I recommend that the Congress provide (or the appointment of a commi.ssion in which the (lovemaients of ihb United States and Great Britain shall be respectively represented, charged vrith the con- sideration and settlement, upon a just, equitable, and honorable basis, of the entire question of the fishing rights of the two goveramcnts and their respective citizem on the coasts of tbe United States and British North America. The fishing interests being intimately related to other general questions dependent Ufjbn contiguity and interooucse, oonaid- eration thereof, in all their equities, mi^t also properly oomo within the pnrriew of such a coaunisBion, and the fullest latitude of apreasicm on botJi sides should he permitted. r I ta ftha idumf iJgMBwill banhaMad. The Arctic WTplorii^rt— r Ali»t, wbltf wg—w^f i^waby Her M^esty 's GoTommonft ftaaii ia ika nifaf «f Ifaa Chm^ oiyaiiliM, was, ifhr tkn anwwrial attainrnfint of timi hn—M fpi^ ■■>■— d to Great BcitidB, in pumwiea of tho antihatily OMftmil^lht M»«f March 3, IBM. Thr innkqaic J of fho tAJaUng mm^tmm^ fai ajJmiiihm fcalww tbe United States aad Great Britain has been long apnnnnl tenth article of tlM treaty of IMS, «M of tbo regard entarod into hy oa, ited number of oCnaaaa. Other fare, ahoold ba eaahneed, and tha. harmony with present intematiaDal pnetioe. Majesty's Government for an enlarged trealgr of pending ainoo 1870, aad I entertain resnlt my be aoon attained. The frontier line between Alaska and Britfah Oolombia, m by the treaty of oeaaion with Room, foltows the in a prior treaty between Orea* Britain aad ff— !■ tion diadooes that this aaeieat ical fact. In the iiaiioillsrl oonditiow of that regian the q lacked importanoe, bat thadiaeovecy ef niiaaral wealth in the the line ia auppooed to tcavoBM adiaoniahcs that tha whenaaaocniatokao'vriadgooftbebonadaxyianoodiU tow dictional cnwiplicationo. I rsoonunead, thoroifara, that made for a preliminaiy raeonnaiMHaoa by oAoan of the United SIbIm, totheendofaoquiringmorapreeiaeinfanaatiaoaontboBnlt^oe*. Ihavo invited Her Mj^oat^'s Govonnaant to oonaider with us tha adoption 9i a more oonTeniont liaa, to bo eatahliahed by auridaan ahawatio^ or by known geogmphkal faatnna without the naoeanty of aa survey of tha whiola. The late inaarrsctinnary movomcnto in Hayti having boo the govenaMDi of thiA repablic has made pnatptprovimoa far a^adfc- [ ntinir thn Imara ■■ffiairi lij faiiiit liai— m iif hiatililiia lliwa. aai iK«. «4«»».« «f — >»m«« ^H— ^«f»K« TT..t4«jnt.»^»jin>^«^ ih'amannni determined. The long-pcadiag claims of two utiana of tha Uaitad fltatoa, Pallo- tier aad Lantfe, ham been dispoood of by arixtration, and an awaad in favor of eadi claimant haa boon made, whkh, by tha torm «f the oa< gagement, ia fiaaL ItremainafarOongnoatopnyvidafar thopayaaent of the atipnlated moiety of Ae expesmea. A qnoBtioa arooe with Hayti diiria« Iho paat year, by nana ef the exertional treatment of aa AsMriean litiaii, Mr. Yaa Bekhelon, a resident of Port-an-Prinoe, who, en suit hy craditoa roiidiM ia the United Statea, was aaatenoed to impriannawt, aad, nader the wanv tion of a Haytiaa statote, wao denied relief aecBrad to a Mitive Ea^ tian. This Govenuaeai aanrted hie tnaty right to equal troataiMii with natives ot Hayti in all anito at law. Our nontmitian wae dsaied by the Haytian Gusoinmunt, which, hewwrer, whiie otiM |i iili i liiig to maintain the groand taken agaiaot Mr. Yaa Rokkeloa'e rigjM, nated the contzovony by setting him at liberty irithont An intematinaal oonfaenoe to eoaaider the qxeadef chideraand other fyidrmki ^seaaai May last, and adjourned to meet again on further deleg^ito on behalf of the United Statea has attimiiai tta— iJMa aad will anbmit a reports Onr relatioiia with Mesiooeoatinnetobo Biai4eordial,aB of aeii^ibara between whom the atraagset tieo of friwdihij. mercial intima^ exiet^ as the nataxal and growing eonoaqaoaeo of similarity of iaatitationa and geogaphioal prapiaqnity. The reloeattoa of the bovadbry line betwesa the Unitod BtatM Mad Mexico westward of the lUo Ckaade, under the oonrvoattoa of July 39, 1882, has beca naanudafaly delayed ; bat I apptehead ae diAealty in securing a pndoagatinm of the poiod far ito aoeoaapUahaaenk The lately oeadaded CMwaorcial treaty with Meneo atiU awaiti tho stipulated legii^ation to carry ito proviaioiia into edEbot, far wldoh oao year's additional time has been aecared by a sapphaaentary artieie signed in Fehmary laat and stace ratified on both oidea. As this convontioB, ao important to the ooBmercial wolfare of the two a4joining oountnee, haa been conatitutioadlly oonfiimed by the treaty-making braaeh, I expreas the hope that Ifgiahrtton needed to make it effective may not be long delayed. Tbe large influx of capital and enterprise to Mexico from the United Stateooontittnm toaid in the development of the reaoaroes and in aug- menting the material well-being of our Sister republic. Lines of rail- way, penetrating to the heart and capital of the eoontiy, bring the two peoples into mutually beneficial interoouise, and enlarged fMrilrtiia or transit add to profitable oommeroe, creato new "»"'*rf#f, aad fbraish avenues to otherwise isolated communitieB. I have already adverted to the anggooted oonatmetioa ofa diip-Eai^ way across the narrow formatioQ of the torritocy of Mosieo at Tehaaa- tepee. With the gradual recovery of Pern &om the effecta of h« hito diMe- trous eonfliet which Chile, and with the reatoratioa of civil authority ia that distracted oonntiy, it is hoped that !>—»<*« -g war daiaa of oar dtiaens will be a4inatadu In conformity with notificatian given by the GovemaMnt of Pero, 112 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— SENATE. December 8. tk* tTMtiitf tnttties o/ oommeroe and eztiadition between the United Statai and ttet oooatry will termiiiAto Much 31, 188d Our good refaUioiMhipwitii Bona oonUiiaea. Aa oAoer «rftbe Nary, detailed for the porpoae, is d«w on bis way to gibtr* bearini; the teatimooials TOtetl by Coni^reea to those who gen- etoaaly raccored the sarvivors of the anfortanate Jeannette expedition. It iagnti/yiog to advert to the coidiality ol' oar iotercoarse with Bpain. The kmg-pendiiig claim of the owners of the ship Masonic, for loss ■offered throngfa t^ admitted derelici;ioo of the Spanith anthorities in the Philippiae Islands, hai been adjusted by arbitratioa, and an indem- aiky awarded. The principle of arbitration in snch caaea, to which the United States hare long and consistently adhered, thoa receives a fresh and cratifyiog oooflrmation. Other questions with .Spain have been disposed of, or are nnder diplo- matic coiwideration with a view to jost and honorable settlement. The operation of the commercial agreement with Bpain, of Janaar>' S-Febmary 13, 1684, has been fonnd inadequate to the commercial aeedso/the United States and the Spanish Antilles, and the terms of the agraenient are sabjected to conflicting interpretations in those inlands. Nflgvtaations hate been institnted at Madrid for a fall treaty, not opea to theae objectioBS, and in the line of the general policy touching tte Mi^iborly interooarse of proximate communities, to which I else- ■dTcrt, and aiming moreover at the removal of oxisting burdens aaaoying resthctiotM; and although a satis&ctory termination is I am compelled to delay its annoancement. An intemational copyright oooference was held at Berne in Septem bar, on tiie iaTitatioii of tlw Swias GoTemmen t The eavoy of the Uni- ted fltotaa attended as a delc^Ue, bat refrained from oimunitting this GoremaMat to the resalta, eren by signing the recommeiidatory protocol adrO|i4ad. The interesting and importwit subject of intamational copy- fjgkibaa been beforeyou for sereral years. Action is certainly desirable to afltei the okjeei in view. And while there may be question as to tke xalatiTe adrantage of titating it by legialation or by specific treaty, tka amlniail Tiewa of the Berne conference can not fail to aid your con- aMeiBtinn ef the subject. Tketocaunntion of the commercial treaty of 1862 between the United Btotoa and Tvrkey has beoi sought by that govemment >Vhile there is foaatknaa to the axiffidency of the notice of termination given, yet naardal ri^to of oar dtizens in Tarkey come under the fa- -nation goaranteea of the prior treaty of 1830, and as equal treats is admitted by the POrte, no inconvenience can result from the t of thia Oorernment to the revisimt of the Ottoman tariffs, in which the traatj powers have been invited to join. Qwaationa eooeeming oar dtixena in Tarkey may be affected by the FoiWa noo-aeqoieaeence in the right of expatriation aul by the impo- (tf religioaa teeta as a condition of residence, in which this Gov- ik oan noi ooocar. The United Statea most hold, in their inter- with every power, that the statos of their dtiaens is to be re- and equal dvil privileges accorded to them witboat regard to and alEbcted by no considerations save those growing ont of dom- idliMj rrtnm to the land of original allegiance, or of anfulfilled per- aaaal oMifatJona which may survive, under munidpal laws, after such ▼olnBtaiy retain. The MigoHstion with Venezuela relative to the rehearing of the awards of the Mixed Oommiasion eonstituted under the treaty of 1866 was re- ■OMdia viewof theraeentaoquieaomce of theVoiezaeUn envoy in the paineipal pointadvanoed by thia Oovemment, that the effects of the old traaty eenid only be set aside by the operation of anew Qonvention. A nanlt in suhatantial aeoord with the advisory soggeatioas contained in the joint naolation of March 3, 1883, haa been agreed upon and wiU ahoriW be sataiitted to the Senate for ratifkation. Under section 3659 of the Revised Statotes, all funds held in trust by the United Statea and the annual interest accruing thereon when not •Jherwiae required by treaty, are to be invested in stocks of the United B*BteB bearing a imte of intereat not len tiiaa 5 per cent, per annnm. There being now no procurable stocks paying so high a rate of inter- eat^the letter of the statute is at preeent inapplicable, but its spirit is aobaerved by continuing to make investmente of thia nature in cnr- Wttt itoeks bearing the highest interest now paid. The statute, how- ever, makes no pro vision for Uie diqtosal of such aocrettons. It being oootrary to the general rule of this Oovemment to allow interest on ciuma^ I reeommend the repeal of the provision in question, and the diqnsition, under a uniform rule, of the present accutnnlations from investment of trust fbnda. The inadequacy of existing legialation touching citizenship and nat- oraliaatien demands your consideration out taking upon themselves those of their new status, or who may ac« quire the rights of American dtizenship for no other than a hostile purpose toward their original governments. These evils have had many flagrant illustrations. I regard with favor the suggestion put forth by one of my predeces- sors t^t provi«iion be made for a central bureau of record of the decrees of naturalization granted by the various courts throughout the Unite<I .*^tate8 now invest«l with that power. The rights which spring CrDm domicile in the United States, especially when coupled with^ declai-ation of intention to become a citizen, are worthy of definition by statute. The stranger coming hither with in- tent to remain, establishing his residence in our midst, contribwting to the general welfare, and, by hi.s voluntary act, declaring his porposeto assume the responsibilities of atizenship, thereby gains an inchoate status which legislation may properly define. The laws of certain States and Territories admit a domiciled alien to the local franchi.se, inferring on him the rights of citizenship to a degree which places him in the anomalous ponition of being a citizen of a State, and yet|not of the United States, within the purview of Fetleral and intemational law. It is important within the scope of national legislation to define this right of alien domicile as dwtinguished from Federal naturalization. The commercial relations of the United States with their immediate neighbors and with important area« of traffic near our shores suggest espei'ially lil)eral intercoarse between them and us. ^^ Following the treaty of 1883 with Mexico, which rested on the ba^is of a reciprocal exemption from customs duties, other similar treaties were initiated by my predecessor. liecognizing the nee<l of less obstructed traflBc with Cuba and Porto Kico, and met by the desire of Spain to succor languishing interests in the Antilles, steps were taken to attain those ends by a treaty of com- merce. A .similar treaty was afterward signed by the Dominican Republic. Subsccjuently overtures were made by Her Britannic Maj- esty's Government for a like mutual extension of commercial intercourse with the British West Indian and Sooth American dependencies, >ut without result. ' ^ On taking office, I withdrew for re-examination the treaties signed with Spain and Santo Domingo, then pending before the Senate. The result has been to satisfy me of the inexpediency of entering into en- gagements of this character not covering the entire traiSc. These treaties contemplated the surrender by the United States of large rerenne.s tor inadec(uate considerations. Upon sugar alone duties were surrendered to an atfiount far exceeding all the advantages offered in exchange. Even were it intended to relieve our consumers, it waa evident that, so long as the exemption but partially covered our im- portation, such relief would be illusory. To relinquish a revenue so essential seemed highly improvident at a time when new and large drains upon the Treasury were contemplated. Moreover, embarraming questions would have arisen under the favored-nation clauses of trea- ties with other nations. As a further objection, it is evident that tariff regulation by treaty diminishes that Independent control over its own revenues which is essential for the safety and welfare of any govemment. Emergency calling for an increase of taxation may at any time arise, and no en- gagement with a foreign power should exist to hamper the action of the Govemment. By the fourteenth section of the shipping act, approved June 26, 1884, certain reductions and contingent exemptions from tonnage dues were made as to vessels entering porta of the United States from any foreign port in North and Central America, the West India Islands nation clause in their treaties with the United States, a claim to like treatment in respect of vessels coming to the United States fit)m their home ports. This Govemment, however, holds that the privileges granted by the act are purely geographical, enuring to any vessel of any foreign power that may choose to engage in traffic between this country and any port within the defineil zone, and no warrant exists under the moet-favored-nation clause for the extension of the privileges in question to vessels sailing to thia country from porta outside the limitation of the act. Undoubtedly the relations of commerce with our near neighbors, whose territories fomi so long a frontier line difficult to be guarded, and who find in onr country, and equally ofler to us, natural markets, de- mand special and wnsiderate treatment. It reste with Congress to con- sider what legislative action may increase facilities of intercourse which KL'!S?''^^Hr**'* °^ «P*triation no statutory provision I ^ntiguity makes nitaral a^d desirable j«tB providing meana for renouncing citizemihip by aa American citi- (^ I eames nattve-born or neturaliaed, nor for terminating and vacating an exists iBproficr aequUtton of dtiaenship. Even a frauduient decree of nat V^ia^OD eaa no* now be canceled. The privilege and franchise of Aaarican dtJaaaMp ahoold be granted with care, a^d extended to ttoea oalT who Inlanil in good fiuth to aasume ito duties and responsi- yVry^T?*****?^* **■ P"^^il««» »nd benefito ; it should be with- held ftna thoaa who merely go through the forms of aatuialixation With (he iB«at of eacaping the dntMs of their original Allegiance with- eamestly urge that Congress recast the appropriations for the main- tenance of the diplomatic and consular service on a footing commensu- rate with the importance of onr national interests. At every post where a representative is necessarj', the salary should besogradedas topermit him to live with comfort With the assignment of adequate salaries the so-called notarml extrarofficial fees, which out officers abroad are now permitted to treat as personal perquisites, should be done away with. Every act requirmgthecertification and seal of theofficershould be taxa- ble at schedule rat€8, and the fee there^r returned to the Trwksury. 1885. CONGRESSIONAL RBOOED— SENATE. 113 r^ By restormg these revenues to the public nee the oonsular aerriee would l)e.<«elf-sa^>orting, even with a liberal increaaeof thepreaeni low salAhea. In farther prevention of abuses, a system of consular inspection should be instituted. The appointment of a limited number of secretaries of legation at largi*, to be assigned to duty wherever necessary, and in particular for temporary service at missions which for any cause may be without a head, should also be authorized. I favor, also, authorization for the detail of officers of the regular service as military or naval attaches at legations. Some fordgn govemmoita do not recognize the union of oonsular with diplomatic functions. Italy and Venezuela will only receive the ap- pointee in one of his two capadties^ but this does not prevent the require- ment of a bond and submission to the responsibilities of an office whose duties he can not discharge. The superadded title of consul-general shonld be abandoned at all missions. I deem it expedient that a well-devised measure for the reorganiza- tion of the extraterritorial courts in Oriental countries should replace the present system, which labors under the disadvantage of combining judicial and executive functions in the same office. In several Oriental countries generous offers have been made of prem- ises for housing the legations of the United States. A grant of land for that purpose was made some years since by Japan, and has been referred to in the annual messages of my predecessor. The Siamese Govemment has made a gif\ to the United States of commodious quarters in Bang- kok. In Corea, the late minister was permitted to purchase a building from the govemment for legation use. In China, the premises rented for the legation are favored as to local charges. At Tangier, the house occupied by onr representative has been for many years the property of this Govemment, having been given for that purpose in 1822 by the Sultan of Morocco. I approve the snggestion heretofore made, that, in view of the conditions of life and administration in the Eastern coun- tries, the legation buildings in China, Japan, Corea, Siam, and perhaps Persia, should be owned and fumished by the Government, with a view to permanency and security. To this end I recommend that authority be given to accept the gifls adverted to in Japlbi and Siam, and to pur- chase in the other countries named, with provision for furniture and repairs. A considerable saving in rentals would result. The World's Industrial Exposition, held at New Orleans last winter, with the assistance of the Federal Govemment, attracted a large num- ber of foreign exhibits, and proved of great vidue in spreading among the concourse of visitors from Mexico and Central and South America a wider knowledge of the varied manufactures and prodnctiona of this country and their availability in exchange for the productions of those regions. Past Congresses have had under consideration the advisability of abolishing ^e discrimination made by the tariff laws in favor of the works of American artiste. The odium of the policy which subjeeta to a high rate of duty the paintings of foreign artiste and ezenopte the pro- ductions of American artiste residing abroad, and who reodve gratui- tously advantages and instruction, is visited upon onr dtizens engaged in art culttire in Europe, and has caused them, with practical unani- mity, to favor the abolition of such an ungradous distinction; and in their interest, and for other obvious reasons, I strongly recommend it. The report of the Secretary of the Treasury fully ezMbito the con- dition of the public finances and of the sevei-ad brancheaef the Govern- ment connected vrith his Department. The suggestions of the Secre- tary relating to the practical operations of tliis important Department, and his recommendations in the direction of simplification and eccm- omy, particularly in the work of collecting customs duties, are espe- dally urged upon the attention of Congreab. The oidinary reodpte from all sources for the fiscal year ended June :», 1885, were $322,690,706.38. Of this sum $181,471,939.34 was re- ceived from custome and $112,498,725.54 from internal revenue. The total receipts, as given above, were $24,829,163.54 less than those for the year ended June 30, 1884. This diminntion embraces a falling off of $13,595,550.42 in the reodpte from customs and $9,687,346.97 in the reoeipte from internal revenue. The toted ordinary expenditures ye»r were $260,226,935.50, leaving close of the year of $63,463,771.27 the surplus reported at the close of the previous year. The expenditures are classified as follows: For dvil expenses - ..- $23,826,942 11 For foreign intercourse 5, 439, 609 1 1 Forlndian* 6,552,494 63 Forpensioris 56,102,267 49 For the military, including river and harbor improve- mente and arsenals - 42,670,578 For the Nuvy, indnding vessels, machinery, and im- provemento of navy-yards *. -- 16,021,079 For intereat on the public debt 51,386,256 For the District of Columbia --- 3,499,650 For miscellaneous expenditures, including public buiklin0i, light-houees, and collecting the revenue. 54, 728, 056 21 XVII 8 of the Govemment for the fiscal a surplus in the Treasury at the Thus is $40,929,854.32 leas than 47 47 95 paid ea the p«bUe debt dvriag «ke flnal fear oiided $45,993,335.43; and thcfv te been jHiid iteeethat the The amooBt _ June 30, 1886, waa $45,993,3^43; and thcfv date and up to No^eaaber 1, 188S, the amount ef the deU at the lart-named date |1,514.47S,M0.47. was, bowevw, at that time in the Treaaory, apnlieabla to the purpoaea of the GoTenunent, the aom of $96,818,998.38. Ilie total reoeipti fw the cmrant fiaoJ year, endiaf J«Bt SO, 1886, aaoertained to October 1, 1885, and estimated fat the MBuiadar eT the year, are $315,000,000. The expenditorea aaeertalned aiad aaiiaaatail for the aame time are $345,000,000, leaving a sarplna at the doaa of the year estimated at $70,000,000. The valne <rf the exports from the United States to foraign oomitriea during the last fiscal year was as follows : l>ome8tic merchandise $726,682,946 Foreign merchandise 15,506,909 742, 189, 755 Crold 8,477,892 Silver.. 33,753,633 784, 421, 280 Some of the prindpal exports, with their valnea and the percentage they req>ectively bear to the total exportatioD, are ffiven aa S»Uowa: Articles. ValM. Cotton and ooUon mannfSMiares......^ Breadatutft _. ProvWons Oil*— mlneiml, vsKaUkMe, ukI animal. Tobaooo and Ita mannfttrturwi _ Wood and ite manofftctores „ tns,na. M.M, as*. m4i 14.77 7.48 a.tt t.9B Our importo during the year were aa follovra: Merchandise - $579,580,063 80 Gold- - 96,691,686 00 Silver 16,660,627 00 622,891,376 80 The following are given os prominent articles of importa daring the year, with their valuea and the percentage they bear to the total im- portation : Articlcik Yali Sugar and molasMS «. ~ OofftM Wool and Ma naaalSMtares. „ ^ 811k and lU manufcetoiea .^. ChemloaJa, dvca, dmcs, and medicinea. Iron and steel and UMirmanoflkoUirfla Flax, hemp. Jnte, and their maaaJhotarea.. CoUoD ano its BiaaufiMiarea_ ,. Hidea and skins other than tvx skins |7«,7«,7U M,7»,8U 44.aBa.4a 4o,aHi,Qoa SB,<no.sie «i;aM.«r4 aB,ict,an S0,8M,4«8 a.oa 7.7» «.» 6.07 6.9S 6.«» 4.M Of the entire amount of dutiea oolleeted 70 per oenl vraa ooUeeted from the following articles of import: Pereeatas*. Sugar and molaasea... 39 Wool ttod ito manufactures 15 Silk and ito mana£aetarea 8 Iron and ateel and their manufitctnrea 7 Cotton mannfafftorce 6 Flax, hen%>, and jute, and their manofactorea 5 The Ihct that onr revenues are in exoeas tit the actual ueeda <tf an economical administration of the Govemment jnatiflea a rednetiott ia the amount exacted fitmi the people for ite aumtort. Oar Go^Bmment isbut the meana eataUished by the will of a free people, by which cer- tain principlee are applied whidi they hatre adopted fat uieir beaedt and protection; and it is never better adminMend and ite trae^irttia never better obaerved than when the peo^'a taaiatioa Ibr ite aupport is Borapalooaly limited to the actual neeearity of expeoditare, ana dia- tribntol aeoordinf to a joat and equitable plan. The propoaition with which we hare to deal ia the redaction of the revenue reoeiTed by the Gtovemment. and indirectly paid by the peo- ple ftosn enatoms doties. The qneetioa of free trade ia sot iBToived, nor ia Iheare now any oecarion for the genoml disdiaaitm of the wiadom or expediency of a protective syatean. Jnetiee and fitinieeB dictate that in any modifleation of oar praaent lavra rdi^ing to revenue the indaetriaa aiad inter eate wbi«A have been eoooorased by aoch lawa, and in whidi oar citiBeu have lai^e inreat- menti, Aonld not be rnthleaalyii^ined or deatwyed. We ahoald alao deal with the aolgeet in aoeh manner aa to protect the iatereati o# Am*i4AMi labor, whidi ia the capital of oar workiafnea; ita atabOity 114 0ONGRB88IOKAL REOORD— SENATE. DECEMBEIt 8, of oar il lathm of life. WetkMdixwtly ttOBk ft the r^" Tko wdmd, tho taqaiiy <<>f^^^ •rtkios CMi boot b« lUiiak Ux opoa coat a/ liriaK in every femily <tf the ImmL, and releaae to the |Bople in « erwy haable heoM » lacftBr meaeiue a£ the lenfanle 0/ fivgel i^netiy. ^ Ounng the year ended NoTember 1 , 18B5, one kiudred tad li|rt>-fiTe aatiooal buka wcve ongfuuaid, with an aCTregate capital or|16,|38,000, and (-ircnlatinx notes have bc«n iomed to then aawnBti^g to f4, 174,910. The whole aomber of these banks in existence on the daj aboK'e men- tioaed was 2,777. The Toy limited amoont of dictilatittg notes issiied bj oar national baaks oompared with the amoont the law permits them to iasae, open a dcpoat of bonds for their redcmpti<HL, indicates that the volnme of omi drcalatiog mediom may be largely increased through this instm- mentality. Nothing Bore important than the present condition of oar oorrency and eoiaaci can claim yoar attention. maiy, 1878, the Gorernaent haa, nnder the conpaJsory prtnMoBm •£ law, mnehaaed ml^^ ballion and coined the aaav at the rate 0/ BOfe than $2,000,000 erery month. By this process op to the pceaoBt date 215,750,431 silver dollars hare beoi coined. A reasonable appreciatioQ of a delegation of power to the General Oovcmmeat would limit its exercise withoat expiess restrictiTe words to the people's needs and the reqnireineBti vi the pablie weUkfe. Upon this theory, the aathority to " ooin money " giren to nni,iini bj the CoDstitatMn, if it peimita the pnxdMa* tqr the QorenaBcnt of bnllioa for nninage in any erent, does not jnatiiy nch poichAae mm^ coinage to an extent beyond the amoont needed for a snilicieiit circu- lating medium. The denre to utilize thaailTer prodnet of the ooontry should not lead to a miiiBas or the penreiskm of this power. The nsasmitar for such an addition to the silTer currency of the nation m ia OfMBpaUad by the RUrer-coinage act is negatived by the fhct that up to the pwnt time only aboat fifty millions of the ailrer dellars so eoiasd kaveaotnally found their way into circulation, leaving m»re than one howlrcd and sixty-five mUlio'is in the poaseanon of the Govem- tomt, the f luJyef whieh has entailed a eonsiderahleexpenM for the coni*nif«ien of vanlto tor ito depomt Againat this hitter amooiit there lire ontstaadiag silver certificates amoanting to about $93,000,000. Evsry Month two millioosof gold in the public Treasury are said out for two atilliana or more of silver dollars, to be added to the idle mass iklready MCUBolatod. irooa«iBned long enough, this operation will result in the stbstitu- taon of sUtw tor all the ooid the Government owm i^ipUcmble to its gMwral pnrpesaa. It will not do to rely upon the coatiMiM i«o»tpto of the (iovemunft to make good thia drain of gold, beaiMa tte eilTer thw ooiMd hnnag been made legal tender for all d^»tB ai^ doca, pnUic and pmnte, at timca during the hn* ax montte 56 per cwt. of the FMcetpto tor dntaes have been in silver or alver oertifieatML while the averags within that period has been 20 per cent The pnmortion of itiTor and its oertiikatai reeared by the Goremment will ptobably mcTMaaaa time goeafiB, tor the nnMnttetthanwm the petiodap- wlien it will be obliged tooAr mlver in payment of its ohli- preater indneonent there will be to board gold against de- tha^vaof alver, or for the porpoae of speatlattns Thia heaidiagafgQMhM already hegM. t™~* When the time ee«Ma that gold haa been withdrawn from drcnhi- tion, then will be apparent the diftvenee between the real vnlne of the iiiiFw dollar and a dollar in gold, a«l the two coins will p^rt eom- pMy. Gold, still the standard of Talne, and Beeeaniyia««r4enlingB ▼ill be at a premina over silver ; hanka which gold tor the dcponta of their castomeis amy pay bonght with anch gold, thoa ■»«^-ig a ^«ti1*ftmtt Witi hava with alver pnAt; rich ^ecalaton will sell their hoarded gold to their neighbora, who Bead It to lionidato thair foreign dahta, at a rainooa prei^ OTer ifl'w, •-I the khonag man and women of tke land, moat deftnselesB •fnU, will ftnd that the dollar received for thiiw^ of tl^ SHms "^ ihivnk in ito pnirhai'ng power. It ma^T be aaid that tlto latter remit wiU be bat tcBporary, and that ultimately the priea ^ labor wiUbaadbnstodtothsehaage; bat even if thn takea pUoe tlmwage pomtMy puB, hat moat iaeritahly kaa, sinoa ttos pries _to^ <Br has Uviag wiU not only ha m^ni^ ma ud flactaatiaK aad oneartaia ia i^valoe, of the hem hot thia oneertainty in the valne of th? pnchHiw aadinn trOl te -ijiyky2;«t for aa adv««i« prkto C^SSt jo^ vt3?*.TS^ '****^ » 1814 ^ Daaial Webohv ia the Bawfta of « ■ * - . ^aiimi^y, aafl 'vaa hsbb maia wr '. hnod by his dafly toO. ietha; hto daily The oar sil- " lio American dfeiaea'a hand has yet felt the aensataon of cheapness, either in receiving or expending the silver-act dollars." who live by labor or legitimato trade nerer will feel that of thsapnias However plenty silver doUaia may become, they will not be distribnted aa giite among the people ; and if the laboring man should receive four depredated dolhua where he now receives bat two, he will {lay in the depreciated eoin more than doable the price he now pays for all the necessaries aad omitorts of life. Those who do not fear any diaastroos oonaeqnenees ariaiBg from the continued oompalsuy coinage of silver as now directed by law, and who sappoH that the addition to the coireDcy of the ooaatry intended as its resnlt will be a public benefit, are reminded that history demon- strates that the point is tttsily reaelied in the attempt to float at the same time two aortH of money of different exceUecee, when the better will cease to be in geaeial circulation. The hoarding of gi^d, which has already taken place, indicates that we shall not escape the osnal experience in such caaea. Bo if this silver coinage he oontinaed we may reasonably expect that gold and its equivalent will abandon the field of circulation to silver alone. This, of oonrae, most psadoee a severe oontiaction of oar circulating medium, instead of adding to it. It will not be diapated nhat any attempt on the part of the Govern- ment to canse the dicnlation of nlver dollan worth eighty cents, side by side with gold doUan worth one hundred cents, even within the limit that legislation does no* ran cooater to the laws of trade, to be suooessful must be seconded by the confidence of the people that both coins will retain the same purchasing power and be interchai^ceable at wilL A special eflbrt has been made by the Secretary of the Treasury to inereaae the amoont ai' our silver omn in cireala^on; but the feet that a large riian of the limited amount thus pat oat haa aoon retnmed to the pablie Treaaory in payment of duties, leads to the belief that the pe^le do not now dijsire to keep it in hand; and this, with the evident diaposttaon to hoard f^old, f^Tta rise to the sv^con that there already existsa lack of confidence amon^ the people toiaching oar finan- cial procsasfs. There is certainly not enough silver now ia circulation to caoae nnessiiMsa; and the whole amoont coined and now on hand might after a tiase be absorbed by the people withoat appreheiMion ; bat it is the ftnaaiuij stream that threatens to overflow the land which caaiaea fear aad onoertainty. What haa been thoa for submitted apoa this subject relates almost entirely to eonsideiatiionfcof a home nature, unconnected witli the bear- ing which the polieieB of othor natioaa have upon the question. But it is perfectly apparent that a line of acta«i in regard to our currency can not wisely be settled upon or persisted in without considering the atti- tude OB the sobject of other ooantries with whonB we maintain inter- oonrae through eommerce, trade, and travel. An acknowledgment of thi* feet is found in the act by virtue of which oar silver is oompalaoril j coined. It provides that "the President shall invite the government of tha conntriea CMnpoaing the LAtin Union, so called, and of snch other European natiens as he may deem adviaable, to join the United Stetes in a coofHence toadopt a oommon ratio between gold and silver for the purpose <rf estohliehing internationally the use of bunetallic money and aeeniing fixity of relative value between these metato. " This conference abatriutely toiled, and a similar fate Ium awaited all 8'i|«B«RBUit eifarts in the same direction. And still we continne oar ooinsge of silver at a ratto different from that of any other nation. The ms^ vital part of the silver-coinage act remains inoperative and unexe- cuted, aaal, without an ally or friend, we battle upon the silver field in aa illogical aikd losing contest. 