Where is the Indian Point nuclear power plant?
Buchanan, New York
Indian Point is located in Buchanan, New York, about 25 miles north of Midtown Manhattan. The plant had three pressurized water reactors.
Is Indian Point Safe?
radioactive material into the environment. IP is NOT Safe or Secure: Indian Point Unit 2 ranked last among the nation’s 104 reactors for many years. A large radioactive release triggered by an attack or accident could cause devastating health and economic consequences, rendering the Hudson Valley and NYC uninhabitable.
Who bought Indian Point?
The station is owned by Holtec International, and consists of three permanently deactivated reactors, Indian Point Units 1, 2, and 3. Units 2 and 3 were Westinghouse pressurized water reactors. Entergy purchased Units 1 and 2 from Consolidated Edison in 2001 and Unit 3 from the New York Power Authority in 2000.
Why are they closing Indian Point?
Entergy announced in 2017 that it would shut down both operating PWRs at the Indian Point Energy Center, citing factors that include sustained low current and projected wholesale energy prices that have reduced revenues. Unit 2 was shut down as scheduled on 30 April 2020.
What replaced Indian Point?
“What the state of New York has under contract now for offshore wind will replace the power from Indian Point,” said Anne Reynolds, executive director of the Alliance for Clean Energy New York.
What if Indian Point exploded?
If a meltdown were to occur at Indian Point, it would be possible for one of the containments to be breached by a hydrogen explosion; however, there is no assurance that the plant’s owner, Entergy, could control the total quantity of hydrogen generated in such an accident, which could exceed 1000 kilograms.
What is the major harm that Indian Point causes to the river?
How Indian Point harms the Hudson River. Indian Point’s antiquated once-through water cooling system kills over one billion fish and fish larvae each year. The system withdraws 2.42 billion gallons per day from the Hudson and heats it up to a deadly temperature before discharging.
Is Indian Point closing down?
The first nuclear reactor at the Indian Point Energy Center nuclear power station shut down on April 30, 2020 (Unit 2); the second (Unit 3) will close on April 30, 2021. The smaller Indian Point Unit 1 was shut down back in 1974.
What did holtec pay for Indian Points?
Holtec has estimated its costs at $2.3 billion.
What happens if Indian Point exploded?
Who shut down Indian Point?
The decision to shut Indian Point came in 2017, after an agreement between the state and its owner, Entergy Corp. A reliability study conducted by the power-grid operator at the time determined Times Square would still glow and the subway would still run once the two reactors went offline.
What is going to replace Indian Point?
So far, most of the electricity produced by the nuclear plant, known as Indian Point, has been replaced by power generated by plants that burn natural gas and emit more pollution. Taking away Indian Point, a reliable source of carbon-free power, will inevitably make achieving that goal far harder.
Where was the Indian Point nuclear power plant?
Indian Point Energy Center (I.P.E.C.) was a three-unit nuclear power plant station located in Buchanan, New York, just south of Peekskill. It sits on the east bank of the Hudson River, about 36 miles (58 km) north of Midtown Manhattan. Before its closure, the station generated about 1,000 megawatts (MW e) of electrical power.
How much does Indian Point Energy Center generate?
A June 2015 report by a lobby group called Nuclear Energy Institute found that the operation of Indian Point generates $1.3 billion of annual economic output in local counties, $1.6 billion statewide, and $2.5 billion across the United States. In 2014, Entergy paid $30,000,000 in state and local property taxes.
Who is the owner of Indian Point power station?
The station is owned and operated by Entergy Nuclear Northeast, a subsidiary of Entergy Corporation, and consists of three permanently deactivated reactors, Indian Point Unit 1 (IP1), Indian Point Unit 2 (IP2), and Indian Point Unit 3 (IP3). Units 2 and 3 were Westinghouse pressurized water reactors.
How many megawatts does Indian Point power plant produce?
The plant generates over 2,000 megawatts ( MW e) of electrical power. For reference, the record peak energy consumption of New York City and Westchester County (the ConEdison Service Territory) was set during a seven-day heat wave on July 19, 2013, at 13,322 megawatts.


text:
Wheel of Life - Balancing Your Life Priorities - Webinar
Download a copy of the supplementary exercise here. Click download or save a copy to your own Google Drive.
If you are feeling stressed or overwhelmed, thinking that you may need a change in your life, or are interested in building self-awareness, this resource is for you.
This exercise will help you build a better understanding of what is and is not working for you in the core areas of your life and help your prioritize your needs.
Step 1 - Score
Give yourself an honest self assessment of your relationship with each of your life areas. 1 is very dissatisfied and 10 is very satisfied. Try not to over think it.
Step 2 - Explanation
In brief notes, describe why you have given yourself this score.
Step 3 - Commitments
What commitments can you make to either maintain or improve your score in each of these areas?
Step 4 - Final Takeaways
Jot down your reflections from the exercise. What are you learning about yourself? What can be different for you moving forward with this awareness?

domain: psychology


text:
The Primary Benefits of Doing Medical Research
One of the benefits of medical study is that it helps in reducing the mortality rate among the people who are suffering from diseases. It has been realised that this high death rate is primarily caused by some regrettable illnesses which people are not aware of the methods of dealing with them. Thus why people prefer medical research because through this a cure has been found for such illnesses. Like the Dwoskin Family Foundation Vaccine Support has been focusing on finding the causes of this diseases and developing vaccines that they use in immunising patients who have helped in reducing death rates.
Also, it helps in reducing the financial burden. It is true that different families spend a lot of money in operating this sad diseases. Not only that but you will also be able to spend a lot of money on food, transportation, care and many other essential things. These diseases are dangerous as they can also make you bankrupt too if you were rich previously. Through medical research through the efforts of Albert and Claire Dwoskin Family Foundation has been on the run in coming up with some medicines and vaccines that can prevent this diseases. One good thing about this is that you will be free from paying a lot of money on treatment.
Also, medical research helps in reducing suffering from illness. You see that there are some of the conditions that are accompanied by a lot of pain and suffering. Of which can make you disappear prematurely even though it could have been stopped. As a result of medical research, researchers have managed to come up with medicines and vaccines that can handle such diseases. Research firms such as Claire Dwoskin are doing what they can to come up with a cure.
Medical research also plays a significant role in increasing the lifespan of different people. You find that there is some disease which when not taken seriously can make you die at a very early age. This is one area that medical research has played a significant role in finding the cure and other vaccines that can be used to prevent such illnesses. Through this a lot of benefits have been realised one of them being health lifestyle. Apart from that, it also helps in controlling the conditions that are related to old age. A good example is Dowskin Family Foundation vaccines that help in controlling some of the disorders among the aged.

domain: health


text:
Introduction.- Corporate Collapse: Regulatory, Accounting and Ethical Failure.- Post-Enron Reform: Financial Statement Insurance and GAAP Re-visited.- Accounting Standard Setting in Two Political Contexts.- Constituents' Participation in the IASC/IASB's Due Process of International Accounting Standard Setting: A Longitudinal Analysis.- A Crisis of Identity? A Juxtaposing Auditor Liability and the Value of Audit.- The Corporate Governance Effects of Audit Committee.- The Role of Debt Contracts and Debt Covenants in Corporate Governance: Reflections on Evolution and Innovation.- Regulation, Bonding and the Quality of Financial Statements.- Fair Value and the IASB/FASB Conceptual Framework Project: An Alternative View.- A Comparison of Historical Cost and Fair Value Accounting Systems: General and Some Regulatory Concerns.- IASB ED Management Commentary versus European Regulation: The Impact on Management's Reports of Companies Listed on Italian Stock Exchange.- Do Attributes of Management's Explanations of Financial Performance Matter for Analysts? An International Perspective.- The Consequences to Managers for Financial Misrepresentation.- National Standard-Setters' Lobbying: An Analysis of its Role in the IFRS 2 Due Process.- Current State and Future Challenges of the IFRS: Some Thoughts.- Index.
Features contributions from an international array of experts, who have convened in a series of workshops over a period of more than a decade
Explores the role of accounting standards, practices, and policies in the financial crisis of 2008
Covers such timely topics as corporate governance, international oversight boards, and financial disclosure ¿

domain: library


text:
In certain circles, Value Line (NASDAQ:VALU) is a bit like Ben Graham - say you're not a fan, and you're likely to get burned at the stake for value-investor heresy. I think the comparison is particularly apt, because the company's flagship products and the work of Ben Graham face the same challenges. Given the proliferation of "newer and better" resources, both Graham and Value Line no longer have the same resonance with the emerging generation of value investors than they did a few decades ago. The question is if it's still valuable enough to be worth a look. My conclusion is that while it's cheap on first glance, a deeper dive makes it a pass for me.
|FREE||SA PRO MEMBERS|
|IDEA GENERATOR||X||Exclusive access to 10 PRO ideas every day|
|INVESTING IDEAS LIBRARY||X||Exclusive access to PRO library of more than 15,000 ideas|
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domain: finance


text:
If you work on your creativity, you will grow spiritually. If you work on your spirituality, you will grow creatively. Creativity and spirituality are so close they are intertwined. We call God ‘the Creator’ without realizing it is another word for ‘artist.’ The Creator is the consummate artist. As we explore and express our artistry, we are imitating God. Is it any wonder we begin to find spiritual support?
From “The Miracle of Morning Pages”

domain: philosophy


Regular fit is just right: Not too tight or too baggy
DRYRIDE two-layer fabric [10,000mm/5,000g] is highly breathable, waterproof, and quick drying; PFC-free DWR coating
Offers breathability for low to medium intensity activities. Vents enhance breathability during short, high-intensity activities and in warmer conditions.
ThermacoreECO insulation [100g] is lightweight and breathable, providing a super-comfortable feel and low-bulk warmth that cranks the heat and dries quickly. It's bluesign® approved and features over 90% recycled fibers that provide long lasting durability and all-around easy care; Nylon taffeta lining
Room-to-Grow system extends the length of the legs by 1.5in to keep up with growth spurts; Adjustable elastic suspender straps; Stretch side panels


Apple iPhone X The most premium iPhone till date, here is a quick review
After a long wait, the Apple iPhone X will roll out to customers across the world this week. With gaze — ahem, literally because of that FaceID — and then make you fall in love with it. The most innovative phone from Apple in a while has been generating a lot of interest among the iPhone lovers. Well, very few people can avoid falling into its charm because of its jewel-like shine and look, but most of you will.
The iPhone X stands out for its bezel-less design, FaceID powered by the True Depth front camera and OLED display. Apple has always wanted to do a phone with an edge-to-edge screen but it’s only now that the display technology and price points have come to a point where it made sense for Cupertino-technology giant to take note.
However, despite the good grip you will need to take good care of the screen. Acknowledging this fact Apple has released its first folio cover that offers a leather flap on the front too.
iPhone X is the Apple’s first all-screen Smartphone. It sports a 5.8-inch Super Retina OLED display. Apple has decided to forgo the Home button to make space for a larger screen. It will come in two colours -silver and space Grey.
You invoke Control Centre by swiping down from the right side of the notch, which has the dot projector and other components needed for facial recognition. The glass back of the iPhone X enables support for wireless charging.Without the home button, you navigate the iPhone X using a series of gestures, like swiping up to invoke the app switcher.
The ‘Super Retina’ display on the iPhone X ticks all the right boxes when it comes to specifications: 1125×2436 pixels, 458ppi screen, Dolby Vision, HDR10, True Tone, and a one million-to-one contrast ratio. Just like the iPhone 8 Plus, the iPhone X has a dual rear camera setup, but with optical image, stabilisation included on the secondary sensor as well .Despite its smaller size, the iPhone X (left) packs a bigger display than the iPhone 8 Plus.iPhone X price in India is Rs. 89,000 for 64GB variant and Rs. 1,02,000 for 256GB variant.
Have a news story, an interesting write-up or simply a suggestion? Write to us at email@example.com


text:
Back in 2006, a competitive Super Smash Bros Melee player known as GimpyFish uploaded a Bowser Combo video called "Boozer Cute" to Smashboards.com. Around that time in the Melee scene, GimpyFish was known for his competitive prowess with Bowser, a character pretty much everyone considered to be the worst in the game.
Even in its original low quality, there is something mesmerizing about watching Bowser gameplay with such lethal execution. Granted, this was back in 2006 and the overall level of Melee skill was much, much lower than it is today. Even watching it today, someone new to the game might watch this video and think Bowser is a good character.
Make no mistake, he isn't.
Why is Bowser so bad? For starters, Bowser is huge, which means he is easier to hit and combo. Secondly, he has the slowest jump animation in the game and tons of ending lag on most of his moves. His high-level gameplay plan isn't intuitive and there is no clear chain throw or combo string that Bowser can reliably set-up against the majority of characters. As a result, between two equally skilled opponents, Bowser's abysmal speed and slow jump-squat animation leave with him a huge disadvantage few players want to deal with.
But, to a player like GimpyFish, getting past these weaknesses would create a unique opportunity to be one of the only competitive players to truly master Bowser's strengths. Strengths like a fast and relatively safe Up-B that can be used out of shield as a "get off me" button. Bowser also has many active frames on his tilt-attacks, unique attack angles when on the ledge and his side-B is a command grab with an active hitbox -- relevant details to a Melee player looking to will Bowser into competitive viability.
In order to use these strengths, GimpyFish relies on his above-average ability to predict and read his opponents. For a character like Bowser, who is punished to the extreme every time he makes a mistake, strong reads and predictions are vital to both surviving the offensive onslaught of higher tier characters and also ensuring the maximum kill potential of Bowser's slow but powerful attacks.
Now, 14 years after the release of Boozer Cute, GimpyFish streams Bowser gameplay on Twitch.tv/62bitgaming. As he plays, his game knowledge and ability to read his opponent is on full display. On his stream, it is common to see Bowser destroying high tier characters and surprised opponents who are completely unprepared for the tricks, patience, and reads GimpyFish is known for.
Because Bowser is so slow and not very technical, GimpyFish can spend most of the match relying on instincts and fishing for hard reads. Without the pressure to perform elaborate shine-cancel or 10+ hit combos, Bowser slows down the pace of the match to a level that many amateur opponents aren't used to.
This is a common story for low-tier specialists. In order to have success with these characters, they have to, in most cases, drastically out-play their opponent and rely on match-up ignorance from the other side. It is often lamented by fans that "if only" these players picked a top-tier character, they could have won tournaments and enjoyed much larger recognition of their Melee skill.
But tier lists and fighting games aren't that simple, an idea new Melee players should grow accustomed to. The question arises -- are low tier character specialists burdened by weak characters, or are they made into more complete, well-rounded competitors because of them?
Low-tier Blind Spots
In 2020, Melee is no longer the party game it was in 2006. Thanks to slippi.gg, gamers around the world are experiencing competitive 1 vs. 1 Melee in a relatively lag-free environment online. It is a positive, but not unfamiliar moment in Melee's long and storied history; another new generation of Melee fans falling for the high-octane gameplay of a Gamecube classic that refuses to die.
This time around, these new players are exceedingly technical in their approach to learn the game. After all, they were first drawn to Melee by major tournaments or the personal stream of a professional Melee player -- tech skill and movement are precisely what draws them to Melee and what separates the title from its modern iterations.
However, this new generation has probably never heard of "Boozer Cute", The Hylian Nightmare, ShadowClaw, or any number of low-tier combo videos made infamous by the dedicated character specialist that created them. This isn't a slight against them, as there is little value in learning about low-tier characters when the majority of opponents players face online will be using the top 5 characters in the game.
Or is there?
The Top Tier Illusion
It is much more common for new players to learn the basic techniques of high-tier characters and emulate the play-style of a proven pro than to spend countless hours trying to master their favorite low-tier character. In fact, many competitive players new to the scene appear frustrated whenever they are forced to play against a low-tier character, frequently leaving the game the moment they fall behind.
Some online players even leave the game immediately whenever they are faced with a low-tier character almost as if they don't want to waste time in a match-up they won't ever have to face in the first place.
Taj is a veteran Melee competitor from AZ known for absolute MewTwo mastery -- check out his stream at twitch.tv/tajazc.
Comically, it was the same player in both of these clips left the match before it even began. Does "Cliche" know they walked away from arguably the best Bowser and Mewtwo players in the world? Surely, this player would have felt challenged and likely learned a lot about Melee from playing these two opponents.
But those matches never happened, most likely due to the perceived pointlessness of playing against a low tier character. What type of matches is Cliche looking for instead? Likely one involving two high-tier characters doing movement options that look and feel like very high-level melee is taking place.
or maybe Cliche follows one of the best Melee players in the world and also can't be bothered with mid-tier match ups.
Fixing bad habits
This type of attitude is becoming more common in the Melee scene, but it is adopted at a players' detriment. By limiting gameplay experiences to only the top-tier matches, they leave an entire layer of Melee knowledge and experience on the table.
In fighting games, it is possible to "default" into a playstyle that is easily predictable and over-reliant on a character's most powerful tools. Fighting games are all a mind game after all, but Melee is so fast-paced that players with sufficient tech skills can simply grind out a few top-tier pressure strings and destroy unprepared opponents.
These types of players are a nightmare for the amateur opponent who simply can't react fast enough, but to a veteran Melee player, they are orders of magnitude easier to defeat. Their slew of bad habits and flow-chart movement is easy to spot: play one online Falco and you've played nearly all of them.
Players stuck in a flow chart have an easy remedy -- they can play a low-tier character for a week and learn precisely how sloppy their gameplay actually is. Almost instantly, novice players will notice all of the predictable spot-dodges or rolls they used to get away with are now punished heavily thanks to their low-tier characters slower speed and worse frame data. One by one, the bad habits must be confronted, as winning with a low-tier character can often feel like a war of attrition. Each hit must be earned in every sense of the word.
New strategies and new approaches to the game are hammered into a competitor's playstyle after they have mastered a variety of different characters. These lessons carry over into their higher tier characters, who are only made more lethal thanks to some new tricks and game knowledge at their disposal.
The Closing Lesson of BorpIE, how there is no set style that wins Melee matches.
Borp isn't the most successful Shiek player in the world. He has competed in around 19 or so tournaments, winning one of them and eventually ranking 6th in the Spring 2018 Pittsburgh Melee Power Rankings.
But despite his unremarkable achievements in Melee, Borp has become somewhat of a cult icon among the smash community. His Shiek style is extremely untechnical and, every time he plays, the crowd seems mesmerized by his basic decision making and slow place of play.
In one Fox mirror match, Borp lands an up smash, stands still, and then fires one single standing laser that connects. The commentators then erupt in excitement, as if Borp just pulled off an incredible hype maneuver. There is a novel factor in Borp's gameplay, so much so that watching him becomes inexplicably entertaining.
This element of surprise is why a player like Borp manages to get in people's heads and defeat opponents in surprisingly simple ways. Burp's style is unique enough that many players don't understand why they are losing. Because he doesn't move in the frantic style most Melee players are used to, the pace of the game is slowed down and Borp can focus on what he does do well -- chain grabs, tech chases, and hard reads.
The case of Borp illustrates that winning in Melee isn't nearly as linear as people make it out to be. Tech skills and speed are important, but so is finding a playstyle that works for you. Every character is competitive if the player wielding them is competitive and there can be lot to gain from playing as (and against) a low-tier character.
The next low tier star?
The esports community has already witnessed players like Axe and aMSa force the Melee community to acknowledge the potential of lower-tier characters like Pikachu and Yoshi. This alone teaches us that Melee isn't a "solved" game yet and the right character mixed with the right player can produce novel results.
And yet, new players continue to flock to the same top-tier characters that, at this point, take herculean mechanical skills to surprise anyone with. Competitive Melee is so far in its lifespan that the comically high power-level of a character like Fox or Marth can be reliably neutralized thanks to community knowledge and experience. Ask any Melee player -- their most experienced (and as a result, confident) match-ups are almost always one that involves one of the top 5 characters in the game.
So if both players are equally skilled and both players have advanced match-up knowledge on each other's characters, doesn't it make sense to occasionally look to the character select screen for an edge? A recent match during the Ludwig Ahgren Championship Series between two Marth players demonstrates this idea perfectly.
The green Marth, Rishi, is facing the red Marth, Kuyashi. Rishi looks out-paced in the Marth vs. Marth matchup, losing two games matches back to back on the battlefield. Kuyahsi maintained a 1-stock lead throughout the majority of the match.
Then, Rishi decides to switch things up. He switches to Donkey Kong and within the first 3 seconds of the match, Kuyashi's matchup inexperience leads to a haphazard attack onto a crouch-canceling Donkey Kong. Donkey Kong's weight allows him to brush off the attack easily and immediately counter with a grab.
15 seconds later, Rishi is already up a stock. He would then go onto win the match 3-2.
Three straight wins against an equally skilled S-tier character using opponent with 17th worst character in the game. Rishi's Marth playstyle was simply not working against Kuyashi and the switch to a lower-tier character was precisely what he needed to come back and win the set.
In this example, Rishi won precisely because of his mastery and knowledge of low-tier characters. Kuyashi, on the other hand, lost due to a low-tier blindspot. How many more tournament players are secretly vulnerable to a low-tier character specialist or a unique playstyle they haven't encountered before? How many more Melee players can significantly increase their tournament win percentages by mastering a low-tier character for the occasional surprise win?
My guess is a lot more than we might expect.
Head to our home page for our latest gaming and esports content!
Find full schedules, brackets, and more for your favorite esports on Juked.gg!
Warcraft 3 is my one true love and I will challenge anyone to a game of Super Smash Brothers Melee.

domain: game


text:
White is the New Gray (Paint)!
Category: Warm White Paint For Walls
Date: January 25, 2020
Site URL: www.zdesignathome.com
Download Best Warm Gray Paint Colors. 1000+ ideas about Warm Kitchen Colors on Pinterest. Best Warm White Paint Color For Walls. Living Room Whites. 17 Best images about Traditional Homes on Pinterest. White Paint Color Selection Tips. The Best Cream Paint Colours: Benjamin Moore. Off. Most Popular Neutral Wall Paint Colors. Warm Grey Wall Paint with White Trim. Best Warm White Paint Color For Kitchen Cabinets Wow Blog

domain: painting


Welcome to the VMware Skyline documentation page. Use the navigation on the left to browse through the documentation for your release of VMware Skyline. All our documentation is also available in the PDF format, which you can access by clicking the PDF download icon while reading a page or viewing a search result. As you use the VMware Skyline documentation, we want you to know that we value inclusion at VMware. To foster this principle within our customer, partner, and internal community, we removed non-inclusive language from our documentation.
How to Use the VMware Skyline Documentation?
|About the version selector
|To view the different versions of the VMware Skyline documentation, use the version selector, which is available as the Selected product version drop-down menu at the top of each topic.
What is VMware Skyline?
VMware Skyline™ is a proactive self-service support technology available to you with an active Production, Premier, VMware Success 360 and Aria Suite Universal (formerly vRealize Cloud Universal) contract. Skyline automatically and securely collects, aggregates and analyzes your specific product usage data to proactively identify potential issues and improve time-to-resolution.
This enables richer, more informed interactions between you and VMware without extensive time investments by Technical Support Engineers. These capabilities transform support operations from reactive, break/fix to a proactive, predictive, and prescriptive experience that produces an even greater return on your VMware support investment.
VMware ensures the privacy and security of your data. VMware Skyline has a robust privacy program. Your data is transferred to VMware over an encrypted channel and is stored in a secure VMware repository in the US, operated by VMware.
VMware Skyline Collector
The VMware Skyline Collector is a stand-alone virtual appliance that automatically and securely collects product usage data. Product usage data includes configuration, feature, and performance data. The Skyline Collector gathers information about product usage and sends it to VMware for analysis.
VMware Skyline Advisor
VMware Skyline Advisor is a self-service, customer-facing portal that allows you to access proactive findings and recommendations on demand. Skyline Advisor works along with Skyline Collector, which collects product usage data from your VMware environment for analysis by VMware Skyline proactive support technology. You can then view the analyzed data within Skyline Advisor. Use your Customer Connect login details to access Skyline Advisor through VMware Cloud Services.
Documentation Resources to Help You with VMware Skyline
|VMware Skyline Documentation
|Skyline Planning and Deployment Guide
|VMware Skyline Overview Demonstration video
|Skyline Collector User Guide
|Skyline Advisor User Guide
|VMware Skyline blogs
|Skyline Public API Guide
|VMware Skyline Frequently Asked Questions


text:
[FOM] Axiomatic Syntax
friedman at math.ohio-state.edu
Tue Sep 2 04:07:36 EDT 2003
Reply to Franzen.
On 9/2/03 3:25 AM, "Torkel Franzen" <torkel at sm.luth.se> wrote:
> A special case is when the general translation scheme is based on some
> mathematical theorem A, which can then presumably not be faithfully
> expressed using that same translation scheme. Suppose we handle finite
> sequences in PA through Gödel's beta-lemma: for every finite sequence
> <a1,..,am> of natural numbers, there are numbers k and m such that
> beta(k,m,i)=ai for every i<=m. If we now translate the beta-lemma
> itself using a representation of sequences as numbers derived from the
> beta-lemma, we get essentially the statement that for all k and m
> there are k' and m' such that beta(k',m',i)=beta(k,m,i+1) for
> i<beta(k,m,0), which does not convey the same information as the
> beta-lemma, although for every choice of n, the beta-lemma restricted
> to sequences of length n can be faithfully expressed.
Put slightly differently, how do we formalize the idea that:
the Godel beta function lemma is provable in PA based on 0,S,+,x?
There is a way to do this. We can define what we mean by "an adequate
formalization of finite sequences" within PA. Then we can show that under
any adequate formalization of finite sequences, the Godel beta function
formulated with respect to it, is provable in PA.
I am not sure how my point affects the Heck/Franzen interchange.
Concerning the correct point that it may sometimes be subtle to formalize
the idea that a given mathematical assertion is provable in a given formal
The issue does not seem to arise for systems such as ZFC that are intended
to reflect the whole of mathematical practice. One can make a very well
accepted definitional extension of ZFC which is good enough for
uncontroversial direct formalization of 'all' mathematical statements.
I don't think that this has ever been done really neatly, as there are some
subtleties involved. I am truly shocked as to how cumbersome and ugly the
stuff is out there. Nevertheless, it can be done very nicely.
If we restrict to finite mathematics, then we can do this with weak
fragments of ZFC that omit the axiom of infinity.
More information about the FOM

domain: mathematics


Jack Wolfskin Men's Escalente Trail Insulated Recycled Waterproof Jacket - Black
They made the ESCALENTE TRAIL for all those guys out there who like to spend lots of time outdoors in winter but prefer to do it in an environmentally friendly way. The jacket is made almost entirely from recycled materials, so you can enjoy your time outdoors without worrying about your carbon footprint. The TEXAPORE ECOSPHERE fabric is waterproof, windproof and very breathable, so the ESCALENTE TRAIL will keep you completely dry. The jacket features our eco-friendly MICROGUARD ECOSPHERE synthetic insulation, which is made from recycled PET bottles. The hood gives you additional protection in the pouring rain; in fine weather it can be neatly stowed in the jacket collar. The collar itself has an extra high design for improved wind chill protection. And when the pace hots up and you need to vent, simply open the pit zips for an extra blast of fresh air.
Weight: 1015 g (size M)
TEXAPORE ECOSPHERE PLAIN 2L: 100% recycled, very waterproof, windproof and very breathable outer fabric (water column rating: 20,000 mm*, MVTR: > 15,000 g/m²/24h**)
* JIS L 1092 ** JIS L 1099 B-1
MICROGUARD ECOSPHERE (120 g/m²): very warm insulation made of recycled synthetic fibres
OVERLAY TAPE REFLECTIVE: laminated reflector tape
Detachable hood with adjustable volume and field of vision


Nearly Five Inches of Rain Fell in St. Cloud in the Month of May
ST. CLOUD - Spring rains help break a drought in much of Minnesota.
Here in St. Cloud we officially received 4.98 inches of rain in the month of May. That's just a little over two inches above normal.
And for the three months of spring - March, April and May - we had 10.51 inches of rain. That's nearly three-and-a-half inches above normal.


text:
Following are the ten topics most characteristically mentioned about Elfenland in around 700 user ratings comments on BGG. Hopefully after 60 seconds you'll know if you want to chase more detail.
"ELFENLAND" IN TEN WORDS: (Starting with most mentions above average...)
2. Elfengold (expansion)
RUNNER-UP TOPIC WORDS:
"Beautiful", "Fun", "Elves", "Travelling salesman", "Kids",
"Non-gamers", "Art work", "Ticket to Ride" (a game), "Obstacles"
"Plan plan plan, play for 30 seconds, repeat"
"plan the best routes and second-guess other players"
"make use of opponents plans with letting them take advantage of yours"
"raise the rating when combined with Elfengold"
"just makes it more complicated"
"scrounge a copy of Elfengold, it is worth every penny"
"makes this a gamer's game"
"placing your movement chits"
"rethinking every time someone places a suboptimal chit"
"obstacle chits add a somewhat vicious element"
"take out the obstacle chits if you want to keep the conflict out"
"enjoy trying to coopt other players' chits"
"pay attention to which chits are being drafted, you can anticipate plans"
"different transport chits over different terrain"
"winner usually determined by those who fail to reach certain towns"
"a challenge to get all the towns visited"
"fun trying to determine the best path to each town"
"always use the secret home town optional rule"
"usually ties between a couple of players who visited all towns"
"fine light fare"
"light game that has potential for some strong moves"
"too light for my taste"
"I found plenty of strategy"
"Good family strategy game"
"fun light-middle-weight family game"
"Got the cards and tiles I needed"
"too much hoping to get the right cards"
"placing your movement chits based on the cards in your hand"
"more intense than the theme suggests"
"but why the childish theme?"
"board is too big"
"fewer than 4 plays like solitaire"
"full of interaction"
"not quite enough interaction"
"more than some people believe"
"Elfengold expansion adds more"
"different transportation mechanisms"
"plan routes, lay transportation chit on route segment, play matching cards"
RULES COMPLEXITY SCORE:
8 to start a first game .. 12 to be ready to fully plan ahead
(Note: roughly speaking this is a concept count, not strategic complexity)
Ra: 10 .. 14
Chess: 9 .. 12
Settlers of Catan: 12 .. 19
Puerto Rico: 20 .. 31
Ticket to Ride: 11 .. 11
Bohnanza: 9 .. 10
Carcassonne (H&G): 8 .. 11
- Last edited Wed Jan 16, 2008 7:27 am (Total Number of Edits: 1)
- Posted Wed Jan 24, 2007 1:39 pm
Hi Joe -- Another interesting entry in your "condense the comments" series. It's fun to be reading along in your quoted comments and suddenly think, "Hey, I wrote that! That's me!"
I'm sure you're aware that the purpose of the Elfengold "expansion" is to restore the game to its pre-revision state, Alan's original Elfenroads game which included an auction for the transportation chits.
Some of us out here feel that what Elfenland needs, though, is not an expansion but some further contraction. With six players, Elfenland was routinely taking us over two hours and typically ended with five or six players sitting in their secret cities at 20 points and the winner being decided by who had the most cards left in hand. We liked the game, but two hours was a little bit too much of a good thing!
After several years of familiarity with Elfenland, it occurred to us to try playing just three rounds instead of four. Bingo! Now the game runs under an hour and a half, players are making decisions about their routes in different, interesting ways, and the winner finishes at around 17 instead of 20.
We like it so much better with just three rounds that that's the way we always play it now.
It's also worth mentioning that we preserve the rule from the first edition of Elfenland that you get eight new cards for each new round. (You can't save more than four cards from the previous round.) Apparently the game designer felt the game could stand to be a little shorter since this rule was changed to "refill your hand to eight cards" in a subsequent edition. But we really like the hand-management issues involved in deciding which cards to save (e.g., spend three cards to take a route with the wrong chit on it this round, or save them and hope the right chit is on the route next round?), so that solution doesn't appeal to us. For us, contracting the game to three rounds brought it down to just the right amount of time without giving up any of the route-building or hand-management challenges we like about it.
Hi Stven, thanks for letting me know you're enjoying the review series, and thanks also for the ideas on variations to Elfenland.
Curiously, we played our first couple of games with "draw eight additional cards" and then re-read the rules and realised it was "replenish to eight", which is how we've played ever since.


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For most of my photographs, 16MP to 20MP works great and it’s perhaps an ideal resolution. They are detailed enough for my uses and they don’t bog down the computer or suck down undue storage. But my recent 32″x46″ metal print that I printed at Shiny Prints, got me thinking. I like that print so much, it’s tempting me to get into serious landscapes.
Currently, I’m not much of a traditional landscape photographer, though I do take a considerable number of urban landscapes. There was a brief period, a few years ago, when I went to Big Bend National Park and some parks around Las Vegas. That’s where I shot a bulk of my serious nature landscapes. When I did my Shiny Prints Review, I noticed a few technical issues with my photograph. The print itself was fine, but it was more my technique and/or my equipment that was slightly lacking.
What I discovered is that when you print at 32×46 inches, you may see weaknesses in the image that you normally miss. That was the case with me. I used the Olympus OM-D E-M5 Mark II in high-res shot mode, which creates a 40MP JPEG. I cropped to a 2×3 aspect ratio which left me with 35MP. I always knew that the bottom left corner was a little soft. What I previously never saw was a soft bottom right corner, also. Since the bottom center is sharp, I suspect a less than perfect copy of my Olympus 12-40 f2.8 Pro lens. These detailed observations may be considered pixel-peeping, which I usually don’t do, but it becomes critical with super large prints. These are optical deficiencies that I notice in the metal print, though, I’ll note, it didn’t seem to bother my wife.
Putting on my gear hat, hypothetically speaking, I started thinking of the perfect setup for making high-resolution landscape prints. Beyond the resolution of the camera’s sensor, there are other equally important considerations. Does the sensor have an anti-aliasing filter, which is designed to slightly blur the image to reduce moiré. The sharpest lenses are also critical, not just in the center, but from corner to corner. The image processor and the quality of the RAWs also need to be considered as well as the RAW converter and post processing software.
Let’s look at the list of possible cameras. The lenses, while equally (or more) critical, requires additional analysis, which I won’t include in this post.
From the traditional DSLR big boys, there’s the 50.6MP Canon 5DS R and the 45.7MP Nikon D850. The Canon has a special filter that’s supposed to negate the anti-aliasing filter, while the Nikon doesn’t have an anti-alias filter.
There’s also the Pentax K-1, while “only” at 36.4MP, it also lack an AA filter and it has the pixel shifting technology that increases sharpness and improves color.
In the medium format world, there’s the compact mirrorless 50MP Hasselblad X1D and the less compact mirrorless 50MP Fujifilm GFX 50S. While these sensors share the same resolution with the Canon 5DS R, their larger sensors should give them an edge with dynamic range.
Sony recently released their A7R III with 42MP, also with a pixel shift feature similar to the Pentax for increased sharpness and color fidelity. Olympus also uses a pixel shifting system but actually increases the file size with additional resolution. The 16MP OM-D E-M5 Mark II produces a 40MP JPEG and 64MP RAW while the 20MP PEN-F creates a 50MP JPEG and 80MP RAW. Finally, the brand new Panasonic G9 also uses pixel shift to create 80.6MP RAWs or JPEGs.
So am I about to buy a new camera system? No, not yet anyway. I suspect that I won’t get into serious landscapes for at least a few more years. But the possibility of making more giant metal prints did get me thinking. And it would take me a while to analyze all the different variables including the availability of high quality lenses for a new system.
However, I wonder if super high-resolution is really that critical? The dye sublimation process used to create metal prints, when it infuses the color into the metal, softens the images somewhat. So all that extra resolution might not be necessary. In reality, the biggest issue for me was corner sharpness from my particular lens. And ultimately, color, composition, subject and the mood of the photograph is more important than absolute sharpness.
I’ll need to further test my 12-40 f2.8 Pro to see if there is truly a corner sharpness issue. There’s certainly a possibility that it was user error that caused the problem. For now, it makes sense for me to use the PEN-F for landscapes with the available 80MP RAW high res mode or the easy to use 50MP JPEG. I’ll certainly report my findings, if I start shooting landscapes again.
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text:
Larry and KPCC film critics Claudia Puig and Tim Cogshell review this week’s releases including St. Vincent, The Judge, Kill the Messenger and more. TGI-Filmweek!
Kill The Messenger:
Claudia Puig, film critic for KPCC and USA today
Tim Cogshell, film critic for KPCC and Alt Film Guide

domain: movie


Hands-on science center on 20 acres of wetlands on Big Escambia Creek. Interpretive Wildlife Center, Wetland Trail/Boardwalk, gardens, butterfly/honeybee exhibits, touch tank. Live reptile, fish, amphibian exhibits. Gift shop.
Turtle Point Science Center is an adventure in hands-on science exploration. Since opening in October 1999, Turtle Point has educated and entertained thousands of school children and visitors from all around the world. Situated on 20 acres adjacent to Big Escambia Creek, the Center is home to a variety of reptiles, amphibians, birds, fish, and mammals. In addition to animal encounters, visitors enjoy a butterfly house, vegetable garden, herb garden, fish pond, and boardwalk. Please call to schedule a field trip or group tour, or just stop by and visit.
Turtle Point is open to the public from 8 am until 3 pm when school is in session. Please call for specific closures (251) 296-3401.


Prasa to test new trains at Cape Town station
President Cyril Ramaphosa together with Prasa will be unveiling two new trial trains at Cape Town station on Tuesday.
Prasa group CEO Dr Nkosinathi Sishi explains how the new trains will operate and the plan in place to deal with the constant vandalism and destruction of infrastructure that has almost crippled the entity.
He says they will be doing a test run to see if the infrastructure in Cape Town is aligned to the quality and the types of trains they will be introducing.
This is a trial operation which means the safety operator is going to be given an opportunity to look at how they respond to the current infrastructure, whether or not we have complied with the prescripts of the regulator.Dr Nkosinathi Sishi, Group CEO - Prasa
Our engineers will have an opportunity to ensure that the performance of these trains is at the best they could be.Dr Nkosinathi Sishi, Group CEO - Prasa
The public will also have a chance to see them closer because they are available and belong to the Western Cape.Dr Nkosinathi Sishi, Group CEO - Prasa
According to Sishi, Prasa is looking at introducing 35 new trains within the Western Cape by 2020.
The trains were built in Brazil but assembled by a team of engineers in Nigel, Gauteng.
Sishi says the next set of trains will be built locally.
To hear the rest of the conversation, listen below:
The new modification was put into effect at Medupi, and by May the unit was operating at maximum capacity, he says.Read More
Mayco Member for Human Settlements Malusi Booi says gangsterism in the City's rental stock units is a major problem.Read More
Mayco member says gas turbines will be used during peak hours and Steenbras Dam capacity used outside of peak hours.Read More
Retired ConCourt Justice Johann Kriegler has defended Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng against what he describes as a vicious attack.Read More
Joshua Chigome took to Facebook to share his account of how police pushed him around for no reason while he was out walking.Read More
Western Cape Transport MEC, Bonginkosi Madikizela talks to Refilwe Moloto about how the latest attack.Read More
Western Cape Premier Alan Winde has announced that he's tested positive for the coronavirus.Read More
Scorpio investigative journalist at Daily Maverick, Pauli van Wyk explains how VBS CFO Philip Truter was paid to keep quiet.Read More
DA leadership hopeful Mbali Ntuli speaks to CapeTalk's Lester Kiewit about her campaign to secure the party's top position.Read More
Health Minister Zweli Mkhize talks to Refilwe Moloto about the various provinces' constraints as the Covid-19 pandemic spikes.Read More


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|In 2013, Uganda embarked on the adoption of a digital system to register and record land related information, with a primary aim, among others, to eradicate fraud in the Lands sector.9 This was done with support from a French mapping company called IGN-France International. which developed a digital system through the incorporation of manual data records into the digitised Land Information System, to increase transparency and minimise the occurrence of fraud in land transactions.10 This digitalisation is being done through an automated Land Information System. Such systems are made of land records; human and technical resources; and appropriate procedures and techniques to collect, analyse, maintain, disseminate, and use this information of land records entails the conversion of hard copy information of status of land into digital formats. 11 It is aimed at the improvement of land administration, to increase the degree of certainty of land ownership and its security against fraudulent activity. Land constitutes an asset of utmost importance, especially in Uganda which is a predominantly agricultural country, but is frequently marred by lack of security through subjection to fraudulent activity. Digitalisation comes into play as an effective tool in remedying such challenges. Even as digitalisation offers a platform for greater land administration with regards to registration of land records, it is not a system free from flaw in entirety. Developing countries such as Uganda suffer specific challenges that relate to their limited scope in regards to emerging technologies, data privacy and security, financial constraints and limited community empowerment strategies. This poses a threat on the effectiveness of digital channels and in turn, can be seen to instigate fraudulent activity, rather than mitigate it.


text:
- Dogs play a significantly different role in society now than they did 75 years ago.
- Moral and legal frameworks for protecting dogs have not changed to reflect the "new work of dogs."
- We have made dogs increasingly vulnerable, and thus increasingly in need of our protection.
- The legal designation of dogs as "custodial property" would be better than "personal property."
A fascinating new book called The Ethics of Canine Care: Relationships Generate Responsibilities, by Craig B. Merow, challenges each of us to think through our individual and collective moral responsibilities to dogs. Merow, a retired bioethicist, argues that although dogs have achieved a new social status in the United States over the past 75 years and are now mainly regarded as beloved members of human families, the moral and legal status of dogs remains largely unchanged. Laws regulating dog ownership and veterinary practice have not kept pace with evolving social attitudes. This disconnect harms dogs by failing to provide them with adequate moral and legal protections; it also leads to moral distress among dog owners and veterinary professionals. Merow argues that the moral and legal status of dogs has some catching up to do and he develops a detailed framework for how this new moral and legal status should look. “We need,” Merow says, “to accept the responsibilities of care that come with the creation of a class of vulnerable, dependent family and community members” (15).
I asked Dr. Merow to answer some questions about his book.
Jessica Pierce: Dogs have been selected (over time, through domestication and through breeding practices) for characteristics that make them vulnerable. What are some of these characteristics and why do they make dogs vulnerable?
Craig Merow: Dogs are artifacts. We deliberately breed them to have flat faces, thin coats (or no hair at all), elongated backs, and stubby legs. These physical characteristics make it impossible for them to survive on their own and make them prone to medical problems. We also selectively breed dogs to form strong, lifelong, emotional bonds with us. We do this by selecting for juvenile traits: friendliness, inquisitiveness, playfulness, and a trusting nature. While these traits help dogs get along in human families and communities, they also make them vulnerable to harm. We have created “perpetual puppies” who need perpetual care.
JP: You argue that the decision to acquire a dog establishes a strong set of moral obligations toward the animal; when we establish a relationship, we generate responsibilities. Some of these responsibilities may seem obvious to readers, such as the responsibility to provide appropriate food and shelter. What are some of the less obvious responsibilities?
CM: In addition to physical needs, dogs have social, emotional, and cognitive needs. Many dogs spend ten hours a day confined to an empty house while their owners are at work. Dogs are complex social beings who need regular interactions with people and other dogs. They benefit from training sessions and activities that stimulate their minds.
JP: You also suggest that humans have responsibilities not just to individual dogs they take on as pets, but to the broader community of dogs. Can you give one or two examples of these broader responsibilities toward dogs? And does this mean that even someone who doesn’t own a dog and perhaps doesn’t even like dogs still has moral obligations to dogs?
CM: Responsibilities for dog care are often—incorrectly, I argue—thought of as limited to dog owners. We need to recognize that we as a society have chosen to include dogs as members of our communities. They play with our children, visit hospital patients, accompany us on morning runs, and keep the elderly company. They are welcomed in many hotels and retail establishments. They have their own supply stores, groomers, walkers, and daycare centers. Multispecies communities have responsibilities to individual dogs, such as strays, and to canine collectives, such as breeds bred to have pathological traits, just as they have responsibilities to human orphans and the disabled.
JP: Can you briefly describe your proposed moral and legal framework for canine ethics?
CM: There are three legal categories of property in the United States: personal, real, and intellectual. Dogs are classified as personal property along with umbrellas, toothbrushes, and lawnmowers. I think this classification is an example of what philosophers call a "category error." My little roommate, Grendel, a long-coated Chihuahua, is as different from my umbrella (personal property) as my condo apartment (real property) and my book (intellectual property). Grendel is a sentient being who experiences emotions—fear, joy, anger—and whose life can go well or badly from his point of view. My umbrella has no interests, no emotions, and no point of view. The solution to this category error is the creation of a fourth category of property that recognizes the morally and legally salient characteristics of companion canines. I refer to my proposed category as “custodial property” to highlight the responsibilities of care that ownership entails. The establishment of this new category of property would focus attention on the interests of companion animals and the systematic development of a consistent and comprehensive package of protections—a custodial property framework. Our representatives in Washington should write and sponsor (and pass) appropriate legislation.
JP: Do only dogs qualify as custodial property or do other animals, such as cats and pigs and guinea pigs, qualify as well?
CM: I have defined “custodial property” to include animals who are (1) sentient, (2) typically owned by humans, and (3) intended to form an emotional bond with their owners. Companion animals—primarily cats and dogs qualify, while food animals and laboratory animals do not. While many animal rights advocates may want to classify other sentient animals as custodial property as well—pigs, cows, guinea pigs—any legislation that affects the legal status of animals raised for human consumption or used for medical research will be fiercely resisted by agricultural interests, the drug industry, and many voters. Raising the moral and legal status of companion animals, however, is politically feasible at this time; a broader initiative is not.
JP: How would an individual person’s decision to purchase a brachycephalic dog fare within your proposed framework?
CM: Not well! Our desire to have canine companions with flat faces like ours has resulted in breeds that have difficulty breathing and often must be delivered by C-section. The breeding of English bulldogs has been banned in Norway because of these heath concerns. Within the custodial property framework, the welfare of dogs would assume a high priority. Rather than breeding for fixed conformation standards from closed populations, dogs would be bred to be “fit for purpose.” Types of dogs, such as small companion dogs or athletic running partners, rather than “purebred” dogs, could be developed by selecting for temperament, health, and fitness for purpose. These types would be bred to be free of extreme pathological traits and to have far more genetic diversity. Such a practice would eliminate much suffering and considerably lower the average dog owner’s vet bills.


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This was the first weekend of Fall. We are busy preparing for the end of the growing season at the
Stoddart Avenue Community Garden, while we try to decide whether to continue. We had almost a small crowd at the Garden on Saturday morning, with Sabrina, Tom, Zephyr, infant, Frank, Barb, Capital University student volunteer, Nick, and his father. While the temperatures are very pleasant, it is seasonably very dry; we’ve received less than an inch of rain in the past four weeks.
Then, I thinned the romaine lettuce growing in the food pantry plot and transplanted them as well. I also watered the new seedlings growing elsewhere in the Garden and my own plot. I also harvested greens, broccoli, herbs, tomatillos and peppers for our weekly food pantry donation, pinched basil, watered my own plot and harvested from my own plot.

domain: food


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domain: beauty


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text:
An opportunity knocks
This 4-point came trotting through the woods at 10:44 a.m. Nov. 18 and gave me the shot I wanted during Michigan's 2010 firearms season.
MAHFS photo by Zac Arnold
By Mac Arnold
The 2010 Michigan deer season had been so slow for me that when I saw antlers coming through the St. Clair County woods near my house Nov. 18 there wasn't an ounce of consideration whether I would shoot or not.
I waited for the buck to clear a tree and enter my shooting window, and squeezed the trigger.
The Mossberg slug gun was true. A freezer-packer is what I affectionately call it.
I ran up to him and saw he was actually a young, 4-pointer. Many deer hunters would scoff at such a prize.
I was grateful.
Thing is, I don't shoot that deer, I'm betting I end up with a goose egg this season.
Just haven't been seeing much in the way of antlered deer. Not like in past seasons.
That's what I'm hearing from a lot of folks. Also, the tallies are polar opposites. Either deer hunters are seeing little to none or are tagging 10-pointers.
So I've been fattening up on a new recipe of buck sausage.
And relishing a hunt where finally everything went right: the right gun at the right spot and the right shot.
It didn't go without drama.
After I came up on him, I waited for him to expire but then decided after a minute or two, time's up. (Short on patience these days.) I reached for one of his antlers so I could end it with a well-placed knife thrust.
Never underestimate your quarry. Remember that short saying.
He wasn't done yet and started doing the toro! head attack on my legs. It got hairy for a moment.
The buck backed me up after poking his antlers into my legs and I dropped the knife.
Now I was PO'd.
And reached over for the slug gun I had brought with me, which was implanted into my head from days in the infantry -- never leave your weapon. Here, it really mattered.
I sent a round right through his boiler room and left him smoking.
Definitely made things interesting.
Now the muzzleloader season is a mere two days and a wake-up away.
Hopefully the action will improve.
Good chance for that happening. I always get a good look or two at deer during ye olde smokepole season.
Knocked down my best 8-point with the help from my friend Walt Lucken on the last day of the muzzleloader season in 2007.
That, too, was not without drama. But that's a story for another day.

domain: hobby


text:
This Land May Not Be Your Land
House bill would allow mining claim holders to purchase the federal property. Some fear it would open national parks to development.
Source of this article – Los Angeles Times, December 4, 2005
By Janet Wilson and Tim Reiterman, Times Staff Writer
MOJAVE NATIONAL PRESERVE — Standing at the foot of billion-year-old Stripe Mountain, acting park chief Larry Whalon gazed up at ancient slopes banded in limestone and copper.
“In 10 years, there could be a big house right here. Lots of houses,” Whalon said.
The entire mountain in the desert preserve west of Las Vegas is covered by federal mining claims, and newly proposed legislation would allow claim holders to purchase this land outright.
Supporters say the mining law changes, part of a spending bill passed by the U.S. House of Representatives last month, are intended to revive dying rural mining towns. But the possible consequences have provoked fierce disagreement.
A House-Senate conference committee is expected in the near future to begin work to resolve the differences between the House bill and one passed by the Senate. The Senate bill does not contain the mining provisions, but it does include an equally contentious measure, rejected by the House, that would open Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling.
Critics fear the mining law changes could open the door to any type of locally approved development on millions of acres of public land — including national forests and national parks. Records show California’s national parks have more mining claims than any others in the U.S.
Six Western governors, all Democrats, signed a letter Thursday opposing the changes, calling them “ill-conceived” with “sinister intent.”
“Functionally, 6 million acres of public land could be on the selling block … including lands within our wilderness and national parks system,” wrote the governors of Wyoming, Montana, New Mexico, Arizona, Oregon and Washington. “With the potential for new … claims, untold other millions of acres could be up for sale.”
The governors said the sale of lands would yield a “paltry” $32 million annually, while sacrificing $2 billion worth of royalties.
Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger’s office is assessing the mining claims legislation, but spokesman Darel Ng said Friday, “He has not yet taken a position.”
Supported by the mining industry, the bill is being championed by Reps. Richard Pombo (R-Tracy), Resources Committee chair, and Jim Gibbons, a Nevada Republican and Resources Committee member who wrote the legislation.
The two congressmen maintain it is a long overdue reform of an 1872 mining law that will help ease the nation’s deficit and bolster rural economies. They say fears of massive development are unfounded, particularly in national parks and other protected areas.
“This is not some land sale or giveaway,” said Pombo spokesman Brian Kennedy. “This legislation allows there to be jobs and economic sustainability after the mine closes.”
But others worry that language in the bill could negate regulatory oversight of mining on public lands, and lead to the sale of surface lands atop claims.
“We’re trying to decipher this thing. It’s amazing how some of it is written,” said Death Valley National Park Supt. J.T. Reynolds.
According to the park’s mining engineer, Mel Essington, “They could put in a bingo parlor, gambling casinos, a McDonald’s….
“A portion of the park extends into Nevada,” Essington added. “They could have a legal right to a brothel out there.”
Several hundred miles north in Sierra County, where there are about 1,500 mining claims and only 3,500 residents, county planning chief Tim Beals said privatization of claims would create “horrendous conflicts” between the new landowners and fishermen, hunters, hikers and snowmobilers, as well as a rush to build along the rivers. “It would be chaos.”
If approved by the Senate, the law would lift an 11-year-old moratorium on the patenting, or sale, of federal lands to claim holders. Purchase prices, now $2.50 to $5 an acre, would be raised to $1,000 an acre or fair market value, whichever is greater. Claim holders could also stake and buy adjoining lands.
Mining industry officials said the ability to patent, or buy, mining claims would help ensure a domestic supply of minerals and provide incentive to make new uses of property containing shuttered mines.
Luke Popovich, vice president of the National Mining Assn., said critics have grossly exaggerated the law’s potential effects. “If you put in some common-sense screens … you come up with a total acreage that is seriously possible for privatization of about 360,000” across the U.S, he said.
The bulk of active mining claims on federal land in California are in the Mojave Desert and the Sierra Nevada foothills. The lands are rich in mining history, attractive for development and used by millions of people for camping and other recreation.
The Mojave Preserve, established in 1994, is studded with 432 active claims, meaning they pay fees each year and have done exploratory work.
The existing federal Mining in the Parks Act has tough restrictions that make it difficult to actually mine, and that effectively ban other development.
The land is largely devoid of humans, except for occasional hikers or hunters who share the undulating desert valleys and five mountain ranges with jackrabbits, tortoises, coyotes and small bands of bighorn sheep.
“I call it the big openness,” said acting park chief Whalon. “I don’t want to lose any ground.”
What concerns him most is how the legislation could affect adjacent public land just across the increasingly busy Interstate 15 from the northern boundary of the preserve.
Administered by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, that land has less protection than the preserve, Whalon said. He fears if it is sold to private owners as a result of the new bill, it could be very profitable to put commercial strips next to the highway, exposing the preserve to light, noise and pollution.
Three hours away in Death Valley, tourists interviewed last week were mostly aghast at the possibility of new mining and development in the park.
“It would be crummy,” said Laury Huckling, 35, of Ontario, Canada, marveling at the 35-million-year-old lava beds off Zabriskie Point. “This should be protected forever.”
But Don Twiggs, a visitor from Ludlow, Vt., disagreed. “For 360 degrees I see nothing but a lot of rock,” said Twiggs, a retired plumbing contractor. “I’m sure you could get some use out of some of it, and still have plenty left over.”
Supporters of the bill say buying lands simply for development would remain illegal, and that years of costly mining work would have to be done before the land could be privatized.
“This is not a return to the Old West land rush,” said Gerald Hillier, former head of the BLM’s California desert office, now a consultant to county officials in four Southwestern states. “People are not going to be able to go out and stake a claim, kick the cattle off, and say ‘this is mine.’ ”
He said market forces would also keep most national forest and BLM land from being developed, because there is still so much available private land closer to towns.
Last week in Sierra County, on snowy ground outside his DigMore Mine, David O’Donnell put on his hardhat and adjusted his headlamp with fingers gnarled from old injuries. A county road worker, he mines his claims evenings and weekends. “If I was not married,” said the father of two grown sons, “I would be up here 24-7.”
On one level, the legislation appeals to O’Donnell, who mines with a heavy hammer, dynamite and an ore cart inherited from his father. He figures he could acquire his 160-acre claim and cut some timber for shoring up his mine. And he could sell off an interest to raise capital for equipment and helpers.
But he is concerned about development. “I think mining property was not designed for a housing tract,” he said. “If people move in, they will think the miners are making too much noise. They would complain about drills and rock crushers … and too much dust.”
Mike Miller, who owns the Original Sixteen to One Mine in the nearby hamlet of Allegheny — one of the county’s few commercial mining operations — said the new law would make it too easy to purchase mining claims, after as little as $7,500 in mineral development work.
“That is not right,” he said.
Unlike some other foothill counties that lost mining and logging jobs, Sierra County is hardly teeming with new development. Three-quarters of the county is public land, and most of the rest has been developed or is too steep and rugged.
Officials said the proposed law could open up vast forests in the county to housing and other private uses, increasing the tax base. They said they welcome development near existing towns but are concerned that development deep in national forests could harm recreational tourism and create new costs for snow removal, ambulance services and police and fire protection.
Adam Harper, manager of the California Mining Assn., said those fears are unwarranted. “The locals have the ultimate say on what can go on a piece of property.”
On a recent afternoon, Sierra County Sheriff Lee Adams III stood on a snowy outcropping, looking out over some of the mining claims that extend 40 miles along a stretch of the Yuba River favored by fishermen and whitewater enthusiasts.
“These are some of the most scenic areas of Tahoe National Forest,” said Adams, speaking as a longtime county resident. “Say I pay $10,000 for a claim and turn around and sell it to a developer for $200,000. I do not think that is a benefit to the public.”

domain: geography


text:
“Comedy in Kenya has really full-fledged to great heights and apparently, no one had so far recognized the great creative minds that have totally so far transformed the entertainment industry in Africa,” said the host as he welcomes chidinma on stage.
Chidinma at Churchill comedy show.
Popular Nigerian singer Chidinma is spreading her wings across the African continent.
Miss Kedike recently made an appearance at the Churchill comedy show in Nairobi, Kenya.
The 20th episode of the popular show hosted Chidinma, Kenyan Guru BigPin and Shosh, among others celebrities last week.

domain: entertainment