This story appears in the November 2015 issue of National Geographic magazine.
The view out the window was bad enough. As his research plane flew over groves of California’s giant sequoias, some of the world’s tallest trees, Greg Asner could see the toll the state’s four-year drought had taken. “It looked wicked dry down there,” he said. But when he turned from the window to the video display in his flying lab, the view was even more alarming. In places, the forest was bright red. “It was showing shocking levels of stress,” he said.
The digital images were coming from a new 3-D scanning system that Asner, an ecologist with the Carnegie Institution for Science, had just installed in his turboprop aircraft. The scanner’s twin lasers pinged the trees, picking out individual branches from 7,000 feet up. Its twin imaging spectrometers, one built by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), recorded hundreds of wavelengths of reflected sunlight, from the visible to the infrared, revealing detailed chemical signatures that identified each tree by species and even showed how much water it had absorbed—a key indicator of health. “It was like getting a blood test of the whole forest,” Asner said. The way he had chosen the display colors that day, trees starved of water were bright red.
Disturbing as the images were, they represented a powerful new way of looking at the planet. “The system produces maps that tell us more about an ecosystem in a single airborne overpass,” Asner wrote later, “than what might be achieved in a lifetime of work on the ground.” And his Carnegie Airborne Observatory is just the leading edge of a broader trend.
A half century after the first weather satellite sent back fuzzy pictures of cloudsswirling over the North Atlantic, advanced sensors are doing for scientists what medical scanners have done for doctors—giving them ever improving tools to track Earth’s vital signs. In 2014 and early 2015 NASA launched five major Earth-observing missions (including two new instruments on the space station), bringing its total to 19. Space agencies from Brazil, China, Europe, and elsewhere have joined in. “There’s no question we’re in a golden age for remote sensing,” said Michael Freilich, NASA’s earth science director.
The news from all these eyes in the sky, it has to be said, is mostly not good. They bear witness to a world in the midst of rapid changes, from melting glaciers and shrinkingrain forests to rising seas and more. But at a time when human impacts on Earth are unprecedented, the latest sensors offer an unprecedented possibility to monitor and understand the impacts—not a cure for what ails the planet, but at least a better diagnosis. That in itself is a hopeful thing.
Water is Earth’s lifeblood, and for the first time, high-flying sensors are giving scientists a way to follow it as it moves through every stage of its natural cycle: falling as rain or snow, running into rivers, being pumped from aquifers, or evaporating back into the atmosphere. Researchers are using what they’ve learned to predict droughts, warn of floods, protect drinking water, and improve crops.
In California the water crisis has turned the state into something of a laboratory for remote-sensing projects. For the past three years a NASA team led by Tom Painter has been flying an instrument-packed aircraft over Yosemite National Park to measure the snowpack that feeds the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, the primary source of water for San Francisco.
Until now, reservoir managers have estimated the amount of snow on surrounding peaks the old-fashioned way, using a few gauges and taking surveys on foot. They fed these data into a statistical model that forecast spring runoff based on historical experience. But lately, so little snow had fallen in the Sierra Nevada that history could offer no analogues. So Chris Graham, a water operations analyst at Hetch Hetchy, accepted the NASA scientists’ offer to measure the snowpack from the sky.
Painter’s Twin Otter aircraft, called the Airborne Snow Observatory, was equipped with a package of sensors similar to those in Greg Asner’s plane: a scanning lidar to measure the snow’s depth and an imaging spectrometer to analyze its properties. Lidar works like radar but with laser light, determining the plane’s distance to the snow from the time it takes the light to bounce back. By comparing snow-covered terrain with the same topography scanned on a snow-free summer day, Painter and his team could repeatedly measure exactly how much snow there was in the entire 460-square-mile watershed. Meanwhile the imaging spectrometer was revealing how big the snow grains were and how much dust was on the surface—both of which affect how quickly the snow will melt in the spring sun and produce runoff. “That’s data we’ve never had before,” Graham said.
Painter also has been tracking shrinking snowpacks in the Rocky Mountains, which supply water to millions of people across the Southwest. Soon he plans to bring his technology to other mountainous regions around the world where snow-fed water supplies are at risk, such as the Himalayan watersheds of the Indus and Ganges Rivers. “By the end of the decade, nearly two billion people will be affected by changes in snowpacks,” he said. “It’s one of the biggest stories of climate change.”
With less water flowing into California’s rivers and reservoirs, officials have cut back on the amount of water supplied to the state’s farmers, who typically produce about half the fruits, nuts, and vegetables grown in the U.S. In response, growers have been pumping more water from wells to irrigate fields, causing water tables to fall. State officials normally monitor underground water supplies by lowering sensors into wells. But a team of scientists led by Jay Famiglietti, a hydrologist at the University of California, Irvine, and at JPL, has been working with a pair of satellites called GRACE(for Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) to “weigh” California’s groundwater from space.
The satellites do this by detecting how changes in the pull of Earth’s gravity alter the height of the satellites and the distance between them. “Say we’re flying over the Central Valley,” Famiglietti said, holding a cell phone in each hand and moving them overhead like one satellite trailing the other. “There’s a certain amount of water down there, which is heavy, and it pulls the first satellite away from the other.”
The GRACE satellites can measure that to within 1/25,000 of an inch. And a year later, after farmers have pumped more water out of the ground, and the pull on the first satellite has been ever so slightly diminished, the GRACE satellites will be able to detect that change too.
Depletion of the world’s aquifers, which supply at least one-third of humanity’s water, has become a serious danger, Famiglietti said. GRACE data show that more than half the world’s largest aquifers are being drained faster than they can refill, especially in the Arabian Peninsula, India, Pakistan, and North Africa.
Since California’s drought began in 2011, the state has been losing about four trillion gallons a year (more than three and a half cubic miles) from the Sacramento and San Joaquin River Basins, Famiglietti said. That’s more than the annual consumption of the state’s cities and towns. About two-thirds of the lost water has come from aquifers in the Central Valley, where pumping has caused another problem: Parts of the valley are sinking.
Tom Farr, a geologist at JPL, has been mapping this subsidence with radar data from a Canadian satellite orbiting some 500 miles up. The technique he used, originally developed to study earthquakes, can detect land deformations as small as an inch or two. Farr’s maps have shown that in places, the Central Valley has been sinking by around a foot a year.
One of those places was a small dam near the city of Los Banos that diverts water to farms in the area. “We knew there was a problem with the dam, because water was starting to flow up over its sides,” said Cannon Michael, president of Bowles Farming Company. “It wasn’t until we got the satellite data that we saw how huge the problem was.” Two sunken bowls had formed across a total of 3,600 square miles of farmland, threatening dams, bridges, canals, pipelines, and floodways—millions of dollars’ worth of infrastructure. In late 2014 California governor Jerry Brown signed the state’s first law phasing in restrictions on groundwater removal.
As evidence has mounted about Earth’s maladies—from rising temperatures and ocean acidification to deforestation and extreme weather—NASA has given priority to missions aimed at coping with the impacts. One of its newest satellites, a $916 million observatory called SMAP (for Soil Moisture Active Passive), was launched in January. It was designed to measure soil moisture both by bouncing a radar beam off the surface and by recording radiation emitted by the soil itself. In July the active radar stopped transmitting, but the passive radiometer is still doing its job. Its maps will help scientists forecast droughts, floods, crop yields, and famines.
“If we’d had SMAP data in 2012, we easily could have forecast the big Midwest drought that took so many people by surprise,” said Narendra N. Das, a research scientist at JPL. Few people expected the region to lose about $30 billion worth of crops that summer from a “flash drought”—a sudden heat wave combined with unusually low humidity. “SMAP data could have shown early on that the region’s soil moisture was already depleted and that if rains didn’t come, then crops were going to fail,” Das said. Farmers might not have bet so heavily on a bumper crop.
Climate change also is increasing the incidence of extreme rains—and SMAP helps with that risk too. It can tell officials when the ground has become so saturated that a landslide or a downstream flood is imminent. But too little water is a more pervasive and lasting threat. Without moisture in the soil, a healthy environment breaks down, as it has in California, leading to heat waves, drought, and wildfires. “Soil moisture is like human sweat,” Das said. “When it evaporates, it has a cooling effect. But when the soil is devoid of moisture, Earth’s surface heats up, like us getting heatstroke.”
Despite all the challenges to Earth’s well-being, the planet so far has proved remarkably resilient. Of the 37 billion metric tons or so of carbon dioxide dumped into the atmosphere each year by human activities, oceans, forests, and grasslands continue to soak up about half. No one knows yet, however, at what point such sinks might become saturated. Until recently, researchers didn’t have a good way to measure the flow of carbon in and out of them.
That changed in July 2014, when NASA launched a spacecraft called the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2. Designed to “watch the Earth breathe,” as managers put it, OCO-2 can measure with precision—down to one molecule per million—the amount of CO₂ being released or absorbed by any region of the world. The first global maps using OCO-2 data showed plumes of CO₂ coming from northern Australia, southern Africa, and eastern Brazil, where forests were being burned for agriculture. Future maps will seek to identify regions doing the opposite—removing CO₂ from the atmosphere.
Greg Asner and his team also have tackled the mystery of where all the carbon goes. Prior to flying over California’s woodlands, they spent years scanning 278,000 square miles of tropical forests in Peru to calculate the forests’ carbon content.
At the time, Peru was in discussions with international partners about ways to protect its rain forests. Asner was able to show that forest areas under the most pressure from logging, farming, or oil and gas development also were holding the most carbon—roughly seven billion tons. Preserving those areas would keep that carbon locked up, Asner said, and protect countless species. In late 2014 the government of Norway pledged up to $300 million to prevent deforestation in Peru.
Within the next few years NASA plans to launch five new missions to study the water cycle, hurricanes, and climate change, including a follow-up to GRACE. Smaller Earth-observing instruments, called CubeSats—some tiny enough to fit into the palm of a hand—will hitch rides into space on other missions. For scientists like Asner, the urgency is clear. “The world is in a state of rapid change,” he said. “Things are shifting in ways we don’t yet have the science for.”
Within the next decade or so the first imaging spectrometer, similar to the ones used by Asner and Painter, could be put into Earth orbit. It would be like “Star Trek technology” compared with what’s up there now, Painter said. “We’ve orbited Jupiter, Saturn, and Mars with imaging spectrometers, but we haven’t had a committed program yet for our own planet,” he said. The view from such a device would be amazing: We’d be able to see and name individual trees from space. And we’d be reminded of the larger forest: We humans and our technology are the only hope for curing what we’ve caused.


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SAE Standards Works
E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
ARP6223 - Oil Carbon Particulate Test
Not available for purchase at this time.
Oil Carbon Particulate Test
This method describes a test for determining the tendency of aircraft lubricating oils to oxidatively degrade at elevated temperatures and pressures into products that cause suspended fine carbon particles causing filters and other fine passages in the lubricant system to clog resulting in an unscheduled shutdown of the engine while in flight.
This method is cited in AS5780 with no documentation other than from the development company (Pratt & Whitney) and modifications (Air BP Lubricants).
. All rights reserved.
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(MENAFN- Daily Outlook Afghanistan) MAFRAQ, JORDAN - The UN Higher Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) special envoy Angelina Jolie visited Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan on Sunday, calling for 'a viable political settlement to the Syrian crisis.
Accompanied by the UNHCR Representative in Jordan Stefano Severe, the Hollywood actress called on UN Security Council members to visit the refugee camps and see first hand the plight of the refugees after seven years of displacement.
'After seven years of war, most Syrian refugees have exhausted any savings they had. The vast majority of them already live below the poverty line, on less than three dollars a day. Imagine what that would mean for your family, Jolie said. The Hollywood star, at her fifth visit to Jordan since the outbreak of the Syrian crisis in 2011, sent a message publicly urging the international community to do more to meet the needs of desperate Syrian families and the countries hosting them as well. 'UNHCR does not have the funds to provide in full even the most necessities for survival for many families, Jolie said, adding that the UNHCR response for the Syria crisis was only 50 percent funded in 2017.
After talking with a Syrian refugee family who had been living in Zaatari refugee camp for the past five years, Jolie visited 'Tiger Girls program funded by UNHCR, which aims to empower young refugee girls through a range of academic and social skills courses. (Xinhua)
MENAFN provides the information “as is” without warranty of any kind. We do not accept any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information contained in this article. If you have any complaints or copyright issues related to this article, kindly contact the provider above.

domain: topicality


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SC questions Qadri's right to move court against ECP
[Dawn] The Supreme Court has ordered Pakistan Awami Tehrik (PAT) chief Dr Tahirul Qadri to submit required documents pertaining to his dual nationality and regarding his claims of being a stakeholder in Pakistan's democratic system.
A three-member bench of the Supreme Court, comprising Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, Justices Gulzar Ahmed and Sheikh Azmat Saeed, was hearing on Monday Qadri's petition for the reconstitution of the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP).
The petition calls for the reconstitution of the commission on the basis that the ECP's chief and four members were not appointed according to the provisions of the constitution.
Posted by: Fred 2013-02-12

domain: politics


As one of the only suppliers of Naphtha in Pennsylvania, we are proud to be able to provide this product to meet the needs of our customers. Also known as white gas, Naphtha is derived from the refining of crude oil and is a liquid that can be best described as a liquid between the light gasses from crude oil and the heavier liquid in kerosene. Naphtha is used for portable stoves and lanterns that are still highly used in the Amish Community.
Petroleum naphtha may be similar to automotive gasoline, but with a 55 octane rating, these fuels have different characteristics and are NOT interchangeable. Contact our team today at email@example.com to learn more or schedule a delivery.


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Demanding Medical Excellence: Doctors and Accountability
in the Information Age
The practice of medicine can be dramatically improved. The opportunities for consistent excellence are real, and they are within our grasp… While the destruction of the old ways of medical practice may be an unavoidable source of anxiety, the future of American medicine promises an era of better, safer and more patient-centered care.
Demanding Medical Excellence is recommended as a “core” holding in economics and health policy by the National Library of Medicine. It has been used as a text at New York City’s New School and the Harvard School of Public Health and at medical schools, business schools and in undergraduate courses in this country and internationally.
Read an interview about the book with the University of Chicago Press.
Read a 2013 update, “Still Demanding Medical Excellence,” at The Health Care Blog.
“Should be read by everyone who has a stake in the quality of American medicine—patients, physicians and policymakers.”
—Former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, M.D.
“An exciting and important story.”
—The New York Times Book Review
“Highly readable. It’s more than your doctor is likely to tell you.”
“An involving, human narrative explaining how we got to where we are today and what lies ahead.”
“Millenson, an erudite chronicler, has spun a fascinating tale.”
—Journal of the American Medical Association
“Detailed and thoughtful analysis of key developments inhealth care quality…A ‘must read.’”
—Annals of Internal Medicine
“Excellent and readable history of efforts to improve the quality of American medicine.”
“An excellent discussion of the impact of technology on health care.”
—Blown to Bits: How the New Economics of Information Transforms Strategy

domain: health


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FREE SHIPPING ON ORDERS OVER $100
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Sneaking and fighting their way through Arkham Asylum’s two floors and central tower to be the first to subdue Batman and successfully release its dangerous inmates.


Each fall, the University of B.C. School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture invites a well-known professional to speak on the expanding field of international landscape design. This year the Robson Square lecture hall was packed to hear renowned American landscape architect Kathryn Gustafson, and she did not disappoint. As exemplified by her many brilliant projects around the world, Gustafson has pushed the boundaries of landscape architecture in many directions. With offices in Seattle, Washington, D.C., and London, she has recently led her teams to design landscapes for the Smithsonian Museum of African-American History and Culture in Washington D.C., the Millennium Park in Chicago, and the Diana, Princes of Wales Memorial Fountain in London. Gustafson and her London partners are also leading landscape architects for the Paris 2024 Olympics. The November 10, 2017 edition of the Vancouver Sun published an article about landscape architecture. Read more here.


Chris Curreri is a Canadian artist who works predominantly with film and photography. His photo-based practice takes the form of looping film projections and photographic suites. He holds a BFA from the School of Image Arts at Ryerson University and an MFA from the Milton Avery Graduate School for the Arts at Bard College. Recent exhibitions include: “Handle” at Diaz Contemporary, Toronto, Ontario; and “Perceptions and their Arousal” at Agnes Etherington Art Center, Kingston, Ontario. Recent film screenings include: Image Forum Festival, Japan; Festival Internacional de Cine de Mar del Plata, Argentina; and the Toronto International Film Festival, Canada.


This toolkit describes how to strengthen residential energy efficiency program outreach and marketing efforts through data-driven, tailored efforts to change behaviors. One of the greatest challenges facing the residential energy efficiency market is motivating people to take steps to save energy. This toolkit provides guidance, resources, and examples for applying community-based social marketing (CBSM) to increase the number of homes that are energy efficient.
Showing results 1 - 19 of 19
This report, informed by leading research and real-world examples, highlights practical online and in-person tactics that contractors can use to promote social interaction and social comparison among homeowners to make energy upgrades a "must-have" in U.S. homes.
Quick summaries of strategies various programs have used to improve the efficiency of delivering efficiency.
This summary from a Better Buildings Residential Network peer exchange call focused on using social media for long-term branding and marketing.
This summary from a Better Buildings Residential Network peer exchange call focused on bringing energy efficiency programs to schools.
This paper first details industry best practices for contest administration, including tips for developing an overall contest plan and timeline, product sponsor recruitment, building a dynamic informational website, maximizing customer participation, selecting the winning home, seamless installation management, capturing and documenting project results, conducting a high profile media open house and facilitating customer workshops that educate homeowners and strengthen trade ally relationships. This paper then presents results and key lessons learned from more than 20 contests supported with funds from local community sustainability programs, utility energy efficiency programs, and U.S. Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds between 2008 and 2012.
This publication summarizes some of the incentives offered by Better Buildings Neighborhood Program partners.
This presentation summarizes the market research that was performed by various Better Buildings Neighborhood Program partners.
Marketing, Communication, and Outreach: Lessons Learned In and Outside Energy Efficiency
This webcast presents lessons learned in marketing, communication, and outreach, including lessons related to marketing plans.


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Home Topics Fethullah Gulen
A court in Ankara on Thursday sentenced to life imprisonment 74 suspects, including former helicopter pilots, over their alleged role in the failed 2016 coup by a faction in the military.
Istanbul prosecutors have ordered the detention of 210 military personnel over suspected links to the network condemned by Ankara for orchestrating a failed 2016 military coup, the Istanbul chief prosecutor’s office said on Friday.
Turkey on Friday lifted passport restrictions on nearly 60,000 people with alleged ties to failed coup in 2016, the Interior Ministry said.
Turkish prosecutors on Tuesday issued detention warrants for over 100 people, including soldiers in active service, over their suspected links to a failed coup in 2016.
Turkish prosecutors are seeking an arrest warrant for New York Knicks centre Enes Kanter on accusations he is part of a "terrorist" organisation, according to a news report.
Turkish police on Tuesday launched operations across the country to detain over 200 people, including soldiers, suspected of ties to the group blamed for the 2016 coup attempt, local media reported.
Turkish prosecutors have ordered the detention of about 100 soldiers over suspected links to the network of a United States-based Muslim religious leader and businessman, Fethullah Gulen, who has been accused of orchestrating a failed coup in 2016, state-owned Anadolu Agency said.
Turkey's Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu has said that many European countries are ignoring the murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi.
US President Donald Trump told his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan that Washington is working on extraditing a US-based Muslim preacher accused of orchestrating a failed Turkish coup in 2016, Turkey's foreign minister has said.
Turkish prosecutors ordered the detention of 219 soldiers with suspected links to the U.S.-based Muslim cleric.
A Turkish prosecutor on Friday charged 28 suspects including US-based Muslim preacher Fethullah Gulen, blamed by Ankara for a 2016 failed coup, over the murder of the Russian ambassador later in the same year.
US President Donald Trump has welcomed the release of US pastor Andrew Brunson, who is on his way back home from Turkey following two years in detention.
An American pastor whose detention for the past two years by Turkey sparked a crisis in ties with the United States went back on trial on Friday with Washington hopeful he will finally be released.
A lawyer for the US pastor whose two-year detention in Turkey led to a bitter row with Washington said on Wednesday he had appealed to the constitutional court for the American’s release.
The Lagos State House of Assembly, on Monday, confirmed 35 out of the 38 nominees of Gov. Babajide Sanwo-Olu for appointment as Commissioners and Special Advisers in the state.
A former Minister of Niger Delta, Pastor Usani Uguru Usani has accused the National Chairman of All Progressive Congress (APC), Comrade Adams Oshiomhole, of personally refusing to submit his name as the governorship candidate of the party in the March 9, 2019 election.
The Chairman, Senate committee on Judiciary, Senator Opeyemi Bamidele, on Monday said the Senate will partner with the Nigerian Copyright Commission (NCC) to ensure that owners of copyright get adequate reward for their labour.
The United States of America has sought the support of the Akwa Ibom State Government to fight HIV/AIDs and other diseases in the next one year.
Juventus coach Maurizio Sarri has been diagnosed with pneumonia, the Serie A champions have confirmed, and his status for the club's league opener is unknown.
The Kwara State Governor, AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq, on Friday said recommendations of the committee on sale of public assets may be tested in the court in a bid to get justice for the people of the state.
Governor AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq of Kwara State, yesterday rallied the people behind his agenda for reforms and paradigm shift in governance, calling the 2019 election a referendum that saw people choose development and prudence over waste and underdevelopment.
The police in Benue State yesterday confirmed the release of a telecom entrepreneur, Mercy Gabriel, who was kidnapped at Obu Branch in Otukpa, Ogbadibo LGA of the state.
Vice President Yemi Osinbajo has assured Nigerian youths that plenty opportunities will be made available in the areas of technology, manufacturing, agriculture, among others for them to earn decent living.
Former Enugu Rangers assistant coach, Tope Bulus, has emerged as the choice of MFM Football Club of Lagos as replacement for Fidelis Ilechukwu who has moved to Heartland of Owerri.

domain: news


Nancy Meyers has signed a deal with Sony Pictures to direct an untitled romantic-comedy.
The script has already been penned down by (500) Days of Summer duo Scott Neustadter and Michael Weber.
She will be joined by Matt Tolmach to produce and direct the project.
Plot focuses on an American woman whose life gets turned upside down when she begins dating a younger Brit.
This romantic-comedy will be entirely shot in United Kingdom and our sources say, she also plans to have an all-british cast other than the female lead.
In the meantime, Columbia Pictures president Doug Belgrad said in an official announcement, "This is the kind of movie that Nancy does better than anyone else".


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Many of you are perhaps asking ‘What exactly are eSports?’
eSports involve elite online video game players being treated just like any other professional athletes or performers.
Players are drafted, bought and sold between teams and millions of fans pay to watch the usually young experts play in professional leagues and compete against their rivals.
Here in Canada, crowds fill Toronto’s Air Canada Centre and gone online to watch tournaments via live stream as gamers look to bring down their opponents in the toughest virtual environments of their favorite video game titles.
With multiple teams in multiple games across the world, winning has become crucial in an eSports world market that will reach 385 million people by the end of 2018.
According to independent sources, eSports revenue is expected grow to CAD $696 million this year and top CAD $1 billion worldwide by 2020. Online Gambling revenue is already in the hundreds of millions of dollars per annum and growing year-on-year.
With that much money in eSports, of course, there are many young Canadians involved and they’re becoming quite wealthy from eSports.
Let’s take a quick look at Canada’s Top 10 leading eSports athletes;
Kurtis Ling (AKA Aui_2000)
Kurtis “Aui_2000” Ling, commonly referred to by his tag “Aui”, is a Canadian professional Dota 2 player who last played for professional team, Digital Chaos. His career has also included stints playing for teams Cloud9, Digital Chaos, Evil Geniuses and Team NP. He is now currently coaching Fnatic.
Professional eSports Earnings to 17 June 2018; CAD$1.98 million
Artour Babaev (AKA Arteezy)
Artour is also a pro Dota 2 player and hails from Vancouver, British Columbia. Before playing Dota 2 professionally, Artour was widely known as one of the best players going around in Starcraft II.
Artour’s live stream is very popular where he keeps his many followers entertained through his very original and left of centre tastes in music.
Professional eSports Earnings to 17 June 2018; CAD $1.282 million
Jacky Mao (AKA EternaLEnVy)
Jacky Mao is currently playing professionally for the Kurtis Ling coached Fnatic team and has been playing Dota 2 professionally since 2012 when he put his University education on hold to play professional eSports full-time.
It seems like the move has paid off so far.
Professional eSports Earnings to 17 June 2018; CAD $909 868
David Tan (AKA MoonMeander)
David Tan, aka “MoonMeander”, has won millions of fans worldwide with his signature Dota 2 aggression and his ‘go big or go home’ style of play continues to fuel and add to his continually ever-growing fan base.
His fans regularly chant his favorite sayings during tournaments including; “NEVA EVA”, “Get on my level”, “Big Play/s”, “Small Son” and “What kind of steak do you want to be?”
Professional eSports Earnings to 17 June 2018; CAD $811 953
Damon Barlow (AKA Karma)
Damon is the first professional Call of Duty players in the Top 10 list of Canadian eSports earners. He plays professionally for the Optic Gaming team and is perhaps best known for winning back-to-back Call of Duty Championships in 2013 and 2014. He is the most successful Call of Duty worldwide player of all time.
Professional eSports Earnings to 17 June 2018; CAD $686 973
Mathew Fiorante (AKA Royal 2)
The pride of Regina, Saskatchewan, Mathew Fiorante is quite simply the best competitive Halo 2 player in Canada and already by the tender age of 22 has won two Halo World Championships, the second of which came in 2017 and was watched in a live stream online by up to 100 000 people.
Professional eSports Earnings to 17 June 2018; CAD $564 213
Keith Markovich (AKA NAF)
Professional CS:GO player who plays for the Optic Gaming team.
Professional eSports Earnings to 17 June 2018; CAD $296 916
Sasha Hostyn (AKA Scarlett)
The first women to appear on our list of the Top 10 earners in Canadian eSports history, Sasha ‘Scarlett’ Hostyn recently proudly beat the South Koreans at what they consider to be their own game.
In February 2018, playing Starcraft II, Sasha won the pre-Pyeongchang Winter Olympic eSports tournament that provided a glimpse of what Olympic esports might look like in the near future.
Professional eSports Earnings to 17 June 2018; CAD $274 310
Peter Stanislaw (AKA Stanislaw)
Professional CS:GO player who plays for the Optic Gaming team, ranked number 9 in Canada and with a world raking of 315.
Professional eSports Earnings to 17 June 2018; CAD $239 138
Mike Grzesiek (AKA Shroud)
Mike Grzesiek turned professional in CS:GO in 2014 and enjoyed a successful 3 years as a professional player playing for the Cloud9 team until stepping down in 2017 to take a hiatus and concentrate on his live stream activities. Meanwhile, he is officially listed as a ‘reserve’ for the Cloud 9 team.
Professional eSports Earnings to 17 June 2018; CAD $216 231
Where to bet on eSports?
Whilst many sports books carry markets on eSports, few are as dedicated to the eSports leagues or have as much experience in offering eSports betting as Betway.
Betway was originally established in 2005 primarily as a sports betting platform, however, Betway rapidly grew to embrace many other exciting features such as a Casino, Poker room, a Live Dealer Casino, and of course now, eSports.
In 2017, Betway became without a doubt the leading global brand in eSports betting, with a series of sponsorships instituted in the professional eSports leagues including the CS:GO Pro League, and ESL One Cologne. Betway’s proudest moments in Esports have come in sponsoring with winners of the 2016 DreamHack Masters, the Sweden-based ‘Ninjas in Pyjamas’ professional outfit.
Naturally, you can even bet on regular sports at Betway too, with a full range of North American sports betting options for Canadians available such as NHL, CFL, NFL, MLB, PGA Golf tournaments, NCAA and NBA.

domain: sports


23 oz. Black Slag Shed Blankets & Curtains
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Mark Berg bio
Occupation: Retired physician
Education: Bachelor’s degree in biology, Allegheny College; medical degree, Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, N.Y.
Affiliations: New Eve…
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Lindsay Lohan's clearly a fan of Tyga's latest release.
Lindsay Lohan has taken a break from dancing her ass off down in Mykonos with the locals to hopping back on social media to seemingly try and score a date with some Hollywood locals. We're not sure if Lindsay has had any sort of connection or relationship with Tyga previously, but she's sure trying to get something going (if she hasn't before) from her recent Instagram comment on his photo.
Lindsay jumped in Tyga's comment section to drop off a heart emoji and hashtag his recent single "Taste." We're not sure if he's responded to the love or if he even will, but people have had all kinds of things to comment back to Lindsay.
Not too long ago Tyga declared that he made ex Kylie Jenner relevant. "You need black people to fuck with you cause you need culture. I had a lot to do with all that," he said. Maybe Lindsay's trying to get back in the limelight?

domain: celebrity


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Toyotomi Hideyoshi (豊臣 秀吉, March 17, 1537 – September 18, 1598) was a preeminent daimyō, warrior, general, samurai, and politician of the Sengoku period who is regarded as Japan's second "great unifier". He succeeded his former liege lord, Oda Nobunaga, and brought an end to the Sengoku period. The period of his rule is often called the Momoyama period, named after Hideyoshi's castle. After his death, his young son Hideyori was displaced by Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Hideyoshi is noted for a number of cultural legacies, including the restriction that only members of the samurai class could bear arms. He financed the construction, restoration and rebuilding of many temples standing today in Kyoto.
He is also known for ordering the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598).
|Imperial Regent of Japan|
August 6, 1585 – February 10, 1592
|Preceded by||Nijō Akizane|
|Succeeded by||Toyotomi Hidetsugu|
|Chancellor of the Realm|
February 2, 1586 – September 18, 1598
|Preceded by||Konoe Sakihisa|
|Succeeded by||Tokugawa Ieyasu|
March 17, 1537
|Died||September 18, 1598|
Fushimi Castle, Kyoto
Very little is known for certain about Hideyoshi before 1570 when he begins to appear in surviving documents and letters. His autobiography starts in 1577, but in it, Hideyoshi spoke very little about his past. According to tradition, he was born in Owari Province, the home of the Oda clan (present-day Nakamura-ku, Nagoya in Aichi Prefecture). He was born of no traceable samurai lineage, being the son of a peasant-ashigaru (foot soldier) named Yaemon. He had no surname, and his childhood given name was Hiyoshi-maru (日吉丸) ("Bounty of the Sun") although variations exist.
Yaemon died in 1543, when Hideyoshi was 7, the younger of two children, his sibling being an older sister.
Many legends describe Hideyoshi being sent to study at a temple as a young man, but he rejected temple life and went in search of adventure. Under the name Kinoshita Tōkichirō (木下 藤吉郎), he first joined the Imagawa clan as a servant to a local ruler named Matsushita Yukitsuna (松下之綱). He traveled all the way to the lands of Imagawa Yoshimoto, daimyō of Suruga Province, and served there for a time, only to abscond with a sum of money entrusted to him by Matsushita Yukitsuna.
In 1558, he joined the Oda clan, now headed by Oda Nobunaga, as an ashigaru. He became one of Nobunaga's sandal-bearers and was present at the Battle of Okehazama in 1560 when Nobunaga defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto to become one of the most powerful warlords in the Sengoku period. According to his biographers, he supervised the repair of Kiyosu Castle, a claim described as "apocryphal", and managed the kitchen.
In 1561, Hideyoshi married One who was Asano Nagakatsu's adopted daughter. He carried out repairs on Sunomata Castle with his younger brother Toyotomi Hidenaga and Hachisuka Masakatsu and Maeno Nagayasu. Hideyoshi's efforts were well received because Sunomata was in enemy territory. He constructed a fort in Sunomata, according to legend overnight, and discovered a secret route into Mount Inaba after which much of the garrison surrendered.
Hideyoshi was very successful as a negotiator. In 1564, he managed to convince, mostly with liberal bribes, a number of Mino warlords to desert the Saitō clan. Hideyoshi approached many Saitō clan samurai and convinced them to submit to Nobunaga, including the Saitō clan's strategist, Takenaka Shigeharu.
Nobunaga's easy victory at Inabayama Castle in 1567 was largely due to Hideyoshi's efforts, and despite his peasant origins, Hideyoshi became one of Nobunaga's most distinguished generals, eventually taking the name Hashiba Hideyoshi (羽柴 秀吉). The new surname included two characters, one each from Oda's two other right-hand men, Niwa Nagahide (丹羽 長秀) and Shibata Katsuie (柴田 勝家).
Hideyoshi led troops in the Battle of Anegawa in 1570 in which Oda Nobunaga allied with Tokugawa Ieyasu to lay siege to two fortresses of the Azai and Asakura clans. He participated in the 1573 Siege of Nagashima. In 1573, after victorious campaigns against the Azai and Asakura, Nobunaga appointed Hideyoshi daimyō of three districts in the northern part of Ōmi Province. Initially based at the former Azai headquarters in Odani, Hideyoshi moved to Kunitomo and renamed the city Nagahama in tribute to Nobunaga. Hideyoshi later moved to the port at Imahama on Lake Biwa. From there he began work on Imahama Castle and took control of the nearby Kunitomo firearms factory that had been established some years previously by the Azai and Asakura. Under Hideyoshi's administration, the factory's output of firearms increased dramatically.
After the assassinations at Honnō-ji of Oda Nobunaga and his eldest son Nobutada in 1582 at the hands of Akechi Mitsuhide, Hideyoshi, seeking vengeance for the death of his beloved lord, made peace with the Mōri clan and defeated Akechi at the Battle of Yamazaki.:275–279
At a meeting at Kiyosu to decide on a successor to Nobunaga, Hideyoshi cast aside the apparent candidate, Oda Nobutaka and his advocate, Oda clan's chief general, Shibata Katsuie, by supporting Nobutada's young son, Oda Hidenobu. Having won the support of the other two Oda elders, Niwa Nagahide and Ikeda Tsuneoki, Hideyoshi established Hidenobu's position, as well as his own influence in the Oda clan. Tension quickly escalated between Hideyoshi and Katsuie, and at the Battle of Shizugatake in the following year, Hideyoshi destroyed Katsuie's forces. Hideyoshi had thus consolidated his own power, dealt with most of the Oda clan, and controlled 30 provinces.:313–314
In 1582, Hideyoshi began construction of Osaka Castle. Built on the site of the temple Ishiyama Hongan-ji destroyed by Nobunaga, the castle would become the last stronghold of the Toyotomi clan after Hideyoshi's death.
Nobunaga's other son, Oda Nobukatsu, remained hostile to Hideyoshi. He allied himself with Tokugawa Ieyasu, and the two sides fought at the inconclusive Battle of Komaki and Nagakute. It ultimately resulted in a stalemate, although Hideyoshi's forces were delivered a heavy blow. Finally, Hideyoshi made peace with Nobukatsu, ending the pretext for war between the Tokugawa and Hashiba clans. Hideyoshi sent Tokugawa Ieyasu his younger sister Asahi no kata and mother Ōmandokoro as hostages. Ieyasu eventually agreed to become a vassal of Hideyoshi.
Like Nobunaga before him, Hideyoshi never achieved the title of shōgun. Instead, he arranged to have himself adopted by Konoe Sakihisa, one of the noblest men belonging to the Fujiwara clan and secured a succession of high court titles including, in 1585, the prestigious position of Imperial Regent (kampaku). In 1586, Hideyoshi was formally given the new clan name Toyotomi (instead of Fujiwara) by the Imperial court. He built a lavish palace, the Jurakudai, in 1587 and entertained the reigning Emperor, Emperor Go-Yōzei, the following year.
Afterwards, Hideyoshi subjugated Kii Province and conquered Shikoku under the Chōsokabe clan. He also took control of Etchū Province and conquered Kyūshū. In 1587, Hideyoshi banished Christian missionaries from Kyūshū to exert greater control over the Kirishitan daimyōs. However, since he made much of trade with Europeans, individual Christians were overlooked unofficially.
In 1588, Hideyoshi forbade ordinary peasants from owning weapons and started a sword hunt to confiscate arms. The swords were melted down to create a statue of the Buddha. This measure effectively stopped peasant revolts and ensured greater stability at the expense of freedom of the individual daimyōs.
The 1590 Siege of Odawara against the Hōjō clan in the Kantō region eliminated the last resistance to Hideyoshi's authority. His victory signified the end of the Sengoku period. During this siege, Hideyoshi offered Ieyasu the eight Hōjō-ruled provinces in the Kantō region in exchange for the submission of Ieyasu's five provinces. Ieyasu accepted this proposal.
In February 1591, Hideyoshi ordered Sen no Rikyū to commit suicide. Rikyū had been a trusted retainer and master of the tea ceremony under both Hideyoshi and Nobunaga. Under Hideyoshi's patronage, Rikyū made significant changes to the aesthetics of the tea ceremony that had a lasting influence over many aspects of Japanese culture. Even after Rikyū's death, Hideyoshi is said to have built his many construction projects based upon aesthetics promoted by Rikyū.
Following Rikyū's death, Hideyoshi turned his attention from tea ceremony to Noh, which he had been studying since becoming Imperial Regent. During his brief stay in Nagoya Castle in what is today Saga Prefecture, on Kyūshū, Hideyoshi memorized the shite (lead roles) parts of ten Noh plays, which he then performed, forcing various daimyōs to accompany him onstage as the waki (secondary, accompanying role). He even performed before the emperor.
The stability of the Toyotomi dynasty after Hideyoshi's death was put in doubt with the death of his son Tsurumatsu in September 1591. The three-year-old was his only child. When his half-brother Hidenaga died shortly after, Hideyoshi named his nephew Hidetsugu his heir, adopting him in January 1592. Hideyoshi resigned as kampaku to take the title of taikō (retired regent). Hidetsugu succeeded him as kampaku.
With Hideyoshi's health beginning to falter, but still yearning for some accomplishment to solidify his legacy, he adopted Oda Nobunaga's dream of a Japanese conquest of China and launched the conquest of the Ming dynasty by way of Korea (at the time known as Koryu or Joseon).
Hideyoshi had been communicating with the Koreans since 1587 requesting unmolested passage into China. As an ally of Ming China, the Joseon government of the time at first refused talks entirely, and in April and July 1591 also refused demands that Japanese troops be allowed to march through Korea. The government of Joseon was concerned that allowing Japanese troops to march through Korea (Joseon) would mean that masses of Ming Chinese troops would battle Hideyoshi's troops on Korean soil before they could reach China, putting Korean security at risk. In August 1591, Hideyoshi ordered preparations for an invasion of Korea to begin.
In the first campaign, Hideyoshi appointed Ukita Hideie as field marshal, and had him go to the Korean peninsula in April 1592. Konishi Yukinaga occupied Seoul, which had been the capital of the Joseon dynasty of Korea, on June 19. After Seoul fell easily, Japanese commanders held a war council in June in Seoul and determined targets of subjugation called Hachidokuniwari (literally, dividing the country into eight routes) by each corps (the First Division of Konishi Yukinaga and others from Pyeongan Province, the Second Division of Katō Kiyomasa and others from Hangyong Province, the Third Division of Kuroda Nagamasa and others from Hwanghae Province, the Fourth Division of Mōri Yoshinari and others from Gangwon Province; the Fifth Division of Fukushima Masanori and others from Chungcheong Province; the Sixth Division by Kobayakawa Takakage and others from Jeolla Province, the Seventh Division by Mōri Terumoto and others from Gyeongsang Province, and the Eighth Division of Ukita Hideie and others from Gyeonggi Province). In only four months, Hideyoshi's forces had a route into Manchuria and occupied much of Korea. The Korean king Seonjo of Joseon escaped to Uiju and requested military intervention from China. In 1593, the Wanli Emperor of Ming China sent an army under general Li Rusong to block the planned Japanese invasion of China and recapture the Korean peninsula. The Ming army of 43,000 soldiers headed by Li Ru-song proceeded to attack Pyongyang. On January 7, 1593, the Ming relief forces under Li recaptured Pyongyang and surrounded Seoul, but Kobayakawa Takakage, Ukita Hideie, Tachibana Muneshige and Kikkawa Hiroie won the Battle of Byeokjegwan in the suburbs of Seoul. At the end of the first campaign, Japan's entire navy was destroyed by Admiral Yi Sun-sin of Korea whose base was located in a part of Korea the Japanese could not control. This, in effect, put an end to Japan's dream of conquering China as the Koreans simply destroyed Japan's ability to re-supply their troops who were bogged down in Pyongyang.
The birth of Hideyoshi's second son in 1593, Hideyori, created a potential succession problem. To avoid it, Hideyoshi exiled his nephew and heir Hidetsugu to Mount Kōya and then ordered him to commit suicide in August 1595. Hidetsugu's family members who did not follow his example were then murdered in Kyoto, including 31 women and several children.
On February 5, 1597, Toyotomi Hideyoshi had twenty-six Christians killed as an example to Japanese who wanted to convert to Christianity. They are known as the Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan. They included five European Franciscan missionaries, one Mexican Franciscan missionary, three Japanese Jesuits and seventeen Japanese laymen including three young boys. They were executed by public crucifixion in Nagasaki.
After several years of negotiations (broken off because envoys of both sides falsely reported to their masters that the opposition had surrendered), Hideyoshi appointed Kobayakawa Hideaki to lead a renewed invasion of Korea, but their efforts on the peninsula met with less success than the first invasion. Japanese troops remained pinned down in Gyeongsang Province. In June 1598, the Japanese forces turned back several Chinese offensives in Suncheon and Sacheon, but they were unable to make further progress as the Ming army prepared for a final assault. The Koreans continually harassed Japanese forces through guerrilla warfare. While Hideyoshi's battle at Sacheon was a major Japanese victory, all three parties to the war were exhausted. He told his commander in Korea, "Don't let my soldiers become spirits in a foreign land."
Toyotomi Hideyoshi died September 18, 1598. His death was kept secret by the Council of Five Elders to preserve morale, and the Japanese forces in Korea were ordered to withdraw back to Japan by the Council of Five Elders (Tokukawa Ieyasu, Maeda Toshiie, Uesugi Kakekatsu, Mori Terumoto, Ukita Hideie). Because of his failure to capture Korea, Hideyoshi's forces were unable to invade China. Rather than strengthen his position, the military expeditions left his clan's coffers and fighting strength depleted, his vassals at odds over responsibility for the failure, and the clans that were loyal to the Toyotomi name weakened. The dream of a Japanese conquest of China was put on hold indefinitely. The Tokugawa government later not only prohibited any further military expeditions to the Asian mainland but closed Japan to nearly all foreigners during the years of the Tokugawa shogunate. It was not until the late 19th century that Japan again fought a war against China through Korea, using much the same route that Hideyoshi's invasion force had used.
After his death, the other members of the Council of Five Regents were unable to keep the ambitions of Tokugawa Ieyasu in check. Two of Hideyoshi's top generals, Katō Kiyomasa and Fukushima Masanori, had fought bravely during the war but returned to find the Toyotomi clan castellan Ishida Mitsunari in power. He held the generals in contempt, and they sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu. Hideyoshi's underage son and designated successor Hideyori lost the power his father once held, and Tokugawa Ieyasu was declared shōgun following the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi changed Japanese society in many ways. These include the imposition of a rigid class structure, restriction on travel, and surveys of land and production.
Class reforms affected commoners and warriors. During the Sengoku period, it had become common for peasants to become warriors, or for samurai to farm due to the constant uncertainty caused by the lack of centralized government and always tentative peace. Upon taking control, Hideyoshi decreed that all peasants be disarmed completely. Conversely, he required samurai to leave the land and take up residence in the castle towns. This solidified the social class system for the next 300 years.
Furthermore, he ordered comprehensive surveys and a complete census of Japan. Once this was done and all citizens were registered, he required all Japanese to stay in their respective han (fiefs) unless they obtained official permission to go elsewhere. This ensured order in a period when bandits still roamed the countryside and peace was still new. The land surveys formed the basis for systematic taxation.
In 1590, Hideyoshi completed construction of the Osaka Castle, the largest and most formidable in all Japan, to guard the western approaches to Kyoto. In that same year, Hideyoshi banned "unfree labour" or slavery, but forms of contract and indentured labour persisted alongside the period penal codes' forced labour.
Hideyoshi also influenced the material culture of Japan. He lavished time and money on the tea ceremony, collecting implements, sponsoring lavish social events, and patronizing acclaimed masters. As interest in the tea ceremony rose among the ruling class, so too did demand for fine ceramic implements, and during the course of the Korean campaigns, not only were large quantities of prized ceramic ware confiscated, many Korean artisans were forcibly relocated to Japan.
Inspired by the dazzling Golden Pavilion in Kyoto, he had the Golden Tea Room constructed, which was covered with gold leaf and lined inside with red gossamer. Using this mobile innovation, he was able to practice the tea ceremony wherever he went, powerfully projecting his unrivalled power and status upon his arrival.
Politically, he set up a governmental system that balanced out the most powerful Japanese warlords (or daimyōs). A council was created to include the most influential lords. At the same time, a regent was designated to be in command.
Just before his death, Hideyoshi hoped to set up a system stable enough to survive until his son grew old enough to become the next leader. A Council of Five Elders (五大老 go-tairō) was formed, consisting of the five most powerful daimyōs. Following the death of Maeda Toshiie, however, Tokugawa Ieyasu began to secure alliances, including political marriages (which had been forbidden by Hideyoshi). Eventually, the pro-Toyotomi forces fought against the Tokugawa in the Battle of Sekigahara. Ieyasu won and received the title of Seii-Tai Shōgun two years later.
Hideyoshi is commemorated at several Toyokuni Shrines scattered over Japan.
Ieyasu left in place the majority of Hideyoshi's decrees and built his shogunate upon them. This ensured that Hideyoshi's cultural legacy remained. In a letter to his wife, Hideyoshi wrote:
I mean to do glorious deeds and I am ready for a long siege, with provisions and gold and silver in plenty, so as to return in triumph and leave a great name behind me. I desire you to understand this and to tell it to everybody.
Because of his low birth with no family name, to the eventual achievement of Imperial Regent, the highest title of Imperial nobility, Toyotomi Hideyoshi had quite a few names throughout his life. At birth, he was given the name Hiyoshi-Maru (日吉丸). At genpuku, he took the name Kinoshita Tōkichirō (木下 藤吉郎). Later, he was given the surname Hashiba and the honorary court office Chikuzen no Kami; as a result, he was styled Hashiba Chikuzen no Kami Hideyoshi (羽柴筑前守秀吉). His surname remained Hashiba even as he was granted the new Uji or sei (氏 or 姓, clan name) Toyotomi by the Emperor.
The Toyotomi Uji was simultaneously granted to a number of Hideyoshi's chosen allies, who adopted the new Uji "豊臣朝臣" (Toyotomi no some, courtier of Toyotomi).
Toyotomi Hideyoshi had been given the nickname Kozaru, meaning "little monkey", from his lord Oda Nobunaga because his facial features and skinny form resembled that of a monkey. He was also known as the "bald rat".
Hyouge Mono (へうげもの Hepburn: Hyōge Mono, "Jocular Fellow") is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Yoshihiro Yamada. It was adapted into an anime series in 2011, and includes a fictional depiction of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's life.
In the Sengoku Basara game series and anime, he is described as a brutally strong man that killed his own wife to kill his heart, then raised an army to conquer Japan with conscripts and forced draftees.
The character “Tokeichiro” is a villain in the Onimusha video game series.
In the The 39 Clues series, Toyotomi is a member of the Tomas branch of the Cahill family, the son of Thomas Cahill.
Fujiwara no Sakihisa
| Daijō Daijin
Ankokuji Ekei (安国寺 恵瓊, 1539 – November 6, 1600) was a diplomat of Mōri clan, a powerful feudal clan in the Chūgoku region, Japan, as well as a Rinzai Buddhist monk following the Azuchi-Momoyama period of the 16th century. He fought in the Shikoku campaign for Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and was given a fiefdom of 23,000 koku in Iyo Province as a reward. He participated in the Imjin War, and lost the Battle of Uiryong to Gwak Jae-u.He participated in the Siege of Shimoda.When he fought against Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Battle of Sekigahara (1600), he was taken prisoner and later decapitated in Kyoto, along with Ishida Mitsunari and Konishi Yukinaga.Asahi no kata
Asahi no kata (朝日の方) (1543 – February 18, 1590) was a half-sister of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and wife of Tokugawa Ieyasu, two of Japan's greatest feudal warlords. She is also called Suruga Gozen (駿河御膳) and Asahi-hime (朝日姫), though none of these are names, referring to her as "the person of Asahi", "the Lady Suruga", or "Princess Asahi".
Asahi no kata was first married to Saji Hyūga no kami, but when her brother Toyotomi Hideyoshi wished to make peace with Tokugawa Ieyasu after the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute, Hideyoshi expressed interest in marrying her to Ieyasu. As a result, Saji Hyūga committed suicide, in order to not pose an obstacle to such a powerful political marriage, and the two were married soon afterwards.
Tokugawa and his new wife visited her mother when she fell ill in 1589; the mother of Asahi no kata and Hideyoshi died the following year, as did Asahi no kata herself. Her buddhist name is Nanmeiin.Battle of Sendaigawa
The 1587 battle of Sendaigawa was part of the Kyūshū Campaign undertaken by warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi towards the end of Japan's Sengoku period. The Sendai River (Sendaigawa) was among the final obstacles to Hideyoshi's attack on Kagoshima, the center of the Shimazu clan's domains.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi and his half-brother Hashiba Hidenaga met a Shimazu clan force, led by Niiro Tadamoto, near the river. Despite being vastly outnumbered 5,000 to 170,000, Niiro led his men in a charge against the Toyotomi force, and even engaged the famous warrior Katō Kiyomasa in personal combat before retreating under cover of night.Battle of Uchidehama
The Battle of Uchidehama (打出浜の戦い, Uchidehama no Tatakai) took place in 1582, near Kyoto, Japan, following the Battle of Yamazaki.
The forces of Toyotomi Hideyoshi pursued the defeated Akechi clan to Uchidehama and engaged the clan again there. Akechi Mitsuharu led the Akechi, as his cousin, Mitsuhide, died at Yamazaki. Hori Hidemasa led the Toyotomi forces at Uchidehama, and defeated Akechi Mitsuharu.
Uchidehama was near present-day Ōtsu city, Shiga prefecture outside Kyoto.Battle of Yamazaki
The Battle of Yamazaki (山崎の戦い, Yamazaki no tatakai) was fought in 1582 in Yamazaki, Japan, located in current day Kyoto Prefecture. This battle is sometimes referred to as the Battle of Mt. Tennō (天王山の戦い Tennō-zan no tatakai).
In the Honnō-ji Incident Akechi Mitsuhide, a retainer of Oda Nobunaga, attacked Nobunaga as he rested in Honnō-ji, and forced him to commit seppuku. Mitsuhide then took over Nobunaga's power and authority around the Kyoto area. Thirteen days later, Toyotomi Hideyoshi met Mitsuhide at Yamazaki and defeated him, avenging his lord (Nobunaga) and taking Nobunaga's authority and power for himself.Chikurin-in
Chikurin-in (竹林院) (1579/1580 – June 27, 1649) was a Japanese woman of the late Azuchi-Momoyama through early Edo period. She was Ōtani Yoshitsugu's daughter, then she was adopted by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, before marrying Sanada Yukimura (Nobushige). She is described as having been very beautiful. They had two sons and four daughters.Fushimi Castle
Fushimi Castle (伏見城, Fushimi-jō), also known as Momoyama Castle (桃山城, Momoyama-jō) or Fushimi-Momoyama Castle, is a castle in Kyoto's Fushimi Ward. The current structure is a 1964 replica of the original built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.Gaspar Coelho
Gaspar Coelho (c. 1529 – 1590) was a Portuguese Jesuit missionary. He replaced Francisco Cabral as the Superior and Vice-Provincial of the Jesuit mission in Japan during the late 16th century. He is most noted for catalyzing the disfavor of Toyotomi Hideyoshi against the Jesuit mission in Japan in 1587.Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
The Japanese invasions of Korea comprised two separate yet linked operations: an initial invasion in 1592, a brief truce in 1596, and a second invasion in 1597. The conflict ended in 1598 with the withdrawal of the Japanese forces from the Korean Peninsula after a military stalemate in Korea's southern coastal provinces.The invasions were launched by Toyotomi Hideyoshi with the intent of conquering the Korean Peninsula and China, which were ruled by the Joseon and by the Ming dynasty, respectively. Japan quickly succeeded in occupying large portions of the Korean Peninsula, but the contribution of reinforcements by the Ming, as well as the disruption of Japanese supply fleets along the western and southern coasts by the Joseon Navy forced a withdrawal of Japanese forces from Pyongyang and the northern provinces to the south, in Busan and nearby southern regions. Afterwards, with guerrilla warfare waged against the Japanese with righteous armies (Joseon civilian militias) and supply difficulties hampering both sides, neither the Japanese nor the combined Ming and Joseon forces were able to mount a successful offensive or gain any additional territory, resulting in a military stalemate. The first phase of the invasion lasted from 1592 until 1596, and was followed by ultimately unsuccessful peace negotiations between Japan and the Ming between 1596 and 1597.
In 1597, Japan renewed its offensive by invading Korea a second time. The pattern of the second invasion largely mirrored that of the first. The Japanese had initial successes on land, capturing several cities and fortresses, only to be halted and forced to withdraw to the southern coastal regions of the peninsula. The pursuing Ming and Joseon forces, however, were unable to dislodge the Japanese from their remaining fortresses and entrenched positions in the southern coastal areas, where both sides again became locked in a ten-month long military stalemate.
With Hideyoshi's death in 1598, limited progress on land, and continued disruption of supply lines by the Joseon navy, the Japanese forces in Korea were ordered to withdraw back to Japan by the new governing Council of Five Elders. Final peace negotiations between the parties followed afterwards and continued for several years, ultimately resulting in the normalization of relations.Konishi Yukinaga
Konishi Yukinaga (小西 行長, baptised under the personal name Agostinho (Portuguese for Augustine); 1555 – November 6, 1600) was a Kirishitan daimyō under Toyotomi Hideyoshi.Kōzōsu
Kōzōsu (孝蔵主) was the daughter of Kawazoe Katsuhige, a retainer of the Gamō clan. She was an elite female officer under Nene's command and chief secretary to Toyotomi Hideyoshi. During the Toyotomi administration she possessed such authority that it was said that while Asano Nagamasa may run matters outside, Kōzōsu ran matters inside. She accompanied the Toyotomi clan in Japan's unification campaigns.Sengoku period
The Sengoku period (戦国時代, Sengoku Jidai, "Age of Warring States"; c. 1467 – c. 1600) is a period in Japanese history marked by social upheaval, political intrigue and near-constant military conflict. Japanese historians named it after the otherwise unrelated Warring States period in China. It was initiated by the Ōnin War, which collapsed the Japanese feudal system under the Ashikaga shogunate, and came to an end when the system was re-established under the Tokugawa shogunate by Tokugawa Ieyasu.Siege of Kaganoi
The 1584 siege of Kaganoi was one of the final battles fought by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in his bid to gain the lands and power of Oda Nobunaga, who died two years earlier.
Oda Nobukatsu was the most prominent of Nobunaga's relatives to oppose Hideyoshi in this quest. Hideyoshi bombarded Oda Nobukatsu's fortress at Kaganoi, and captured it soon afterwards.Siege of Odawara (1590)
The third siege of Odawara (小田原征伐, Odawara seibatsu) occurred in 1590, and was the primary action in Toyotomi Hideyoshi's campaign to eliminate the Hōjō clan as a threat to his power. The months leading up to it saw hasty but major improvements in the defense of the castle, as Hideyoshi's intentions became clear. Thus, despite the overwhelming force brought to bear by Hideyoshi, the siege saw little actual fighting.
The massive army of Toyotomi Hideyoshi surrounded the castle in what has been called "the most unconventional siege lines in samurai history." The samurai were entertained by everything: from concubines, prostitutes and musicians to acrobats, fire-eaters, and jugglers. The defenders slept on the ramparts with their arquebuses and armor; despite their smaller numbers, they discouraged Hideyoshi from attacking. So, for the most part, this siege consisted of traditional starvation tactics. Only a few small skirmishes erupted around the castle, as when a group of miners from Kai Province dug under the castle walls, allowing men under Ii Naomasa to enter.After three months, the Hōjō surrendered, facing overwhelming numbers and, presumably, an impending shortage of food and supplies. Tokugawa Ieyasu, one of Hideyoshi's top generals, was given the Hōjō lands. Though Hideyoshi could not have guessed it at the time, this would turn out to be a great stepping-stone towards Tokugawa's attempts at conquest and the office of Shōgun.
In addition to taking Odawara Castle, Hideyoshi also defeated the Hōjō at their outposts at Hachiōji, Yorii, and Shizuoka in and near the southwestern part of the Kantō region. The Chiba, allies of the Hōjō in Shimōsa, also saw Sakura Castle fall to Honda Tadakatsu and Sakai Ietsugu of the Tokugawa army during the campaign. Chiba Shigetane, daimyō of the Chiba, surrendered the castle to the besieging forces on the condition that his clan would not be abolished. While the Chiba were consequently divested of all of their holdings, many of their senior members were taken into service by Tokugawa retainer Ii Naomasa, thanks to aid he had received many years earlier from the clan during the occupation of Takeda Katsuyori's Tsutsujigasaki castle.The tea master Yamanoue Sōji was at the service of the Odawara lords. He was sentenced to death in a tortuous way.Siege of Takehana
The 1584 siege of Takehana was something of a follow-up to the siege of Kaganoi; the great warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi sought to consolidate his power, particularly in the lands of his late lord Oda Nobunaga. Hideyoshi employed the same tactics at Takehana as at Kaganoi, diverting the Kiso River with a dam and flooding the fortress.Takigawa Kazumasu
Takigawa Kazumasu (滝川 一益, 1525 – October 21, 1586), also known as Sakonshōgen (左近将監), was a samurai retainer to Oda Nobunaga, and later Toyotomi Hideyoshi, during Japan's Sengoku period. His biological son, Toshimasu, was adopted by Maeda Toshihisa and later served Nobunaga alongside Kazumasu and Toshimasu's adopted uncle, Maeda Toshiie.
Originally from Ōmi Province, Takigawa was appointed Kantō-kanrei (Shōgun's Deputy in the East) by Nobunaga; in this post, with a portion of Kōzuke Province as his domain, he was assigned to keep an eye on the powerful Hōjō clan, based at Odawara. Under Nobunaga, he took part in a great many battles, including the battle of Anegawa in 1570, and the campaigns against the Ikkō-ikki of Nagashima (1571–1574).
This included the failed 1573 Siege of Nagashima, the 1577 Battle of Tedorigawa, and the 1579 Siege of Maruyama in Iga Province.Following Nobunaga's death in 1582, Takigawa took part in the Battle of Kanagawa.He, along with many of the Oda retainers, initially opposed Toyotomi Hideyoshi, but was defeated defending Kameyama Castle (Mie), after Hideyoshi used mines to bring down the castle.Takigawa retired from battle and become a Buddhist monk. He died in 1586.
Takigawa's standard was three red circles arranged vertically.Ukita Hideie
Ukita Hideie (宇喜多 秀家, 1573 – December 17, 1655) was the daimyō of Bizen and Mimasaka Provinces (modern Okayama Prefecture), and one of the council of Five Elders appointed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Son of Ukita Naoie, he married Gōhime, a daughter of Maeda Toshiie. Having fought against Tokugawa Ieyasu in the Battle of Sekigahara he was exiled to the island prison of Hachijō-jima, where he died.Yuki no Kata
Yuki no Kata (ゆきの方) or Oyuki (おゆき), was a one of the many women who fought during the Warring States period. She was the wife of Tomita Nobutaka, an officer of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Her birth and death are not recorded. Portrayed in current records as beautiful and highly skilled warrior, she defended the Anōtsu castle in the Battle of Sekigahara.Ōmandokoro
Ōmandokoro (大政所, 1516 – 29 August 1592) was the mother of the Japanese ruler Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
Her daughter was Asahi no kata.
After her death, she received the Buddhist name Tenzui'in (天瑞院).
Campaigns of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Campaigns of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Prominent people of the Sengoku period
|Three major daimyōs|
Ninja, rogues and
Monks and other
|Foreign people in Japan|

domain: history


THATS SO.. RAINBOW RATTLER BRA
black and multicoloured reflective snake top - reflects a rainbow colour and looks black without flash has black straps long enough to criss cross at the front
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why i cannot use seqreverse here?
You should make more test suites, currently you can just set y to the one correct result.
Project Euler: Problem 1, Multiples of 3 and 5
Back to basics 4 - Search Path
Rotate input square matrix 90 degrees CCW without rot90
Change the sign of even index entries of the reversed vector
Determine Whether an array is empty
Get the length of a given vector
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domain: mathematics


text:
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Lost Science: Protecting Data Through Improved Archiving
Article first published online: 10 SEP 2013
©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union
Volume 94, Issue 37, pages 323–324, 10 September 2013
How to Cite
2013), Lost Science: Protecting Data Through Improved Archiving, Eos Trans. AGU, 94(37), 323.(
- Issue published online: 10 SEP 2013
- Article first published online: 10 SEP 2013
- Cited By
- data stewardship;
- data curation
Mike Carr wrote recently of the wonderful planetary geology accomplished by NASA over the past 50 years of space exploration, with images and descriptions from the early Venus, Mars, and lunar missions as well as more recent missions, which evoked good memories (M. H. Carr, Geologic exploration of the planets: The first 50 years, Eos, 94(3), 29–30, doi:10.1029/2013EO030001, 2013). Unfortunately, memories are not science data, and those 50 years have not been as kind to the scientific information collected by these pioneering missions.

domain: aerospace