In June, 2007 a solid eighty percent of the American people let Congress know they wanted the government to put the brakes on illegal immigration; they turned thumbs down on the President's guest worker amnesty plan; and they wanted tax-paid services to illegals stopped.
Most Americans understand that new laws are not needed to stop illegal immigration. What is necessary is repeal of some laws granting taxpayer-financed services to illegals along with enforcement of existing laws. These two acts would be enough to stop the migration. In simple fact, they are called "illegal" because they are breaking the law.
In truth, the battle over the Senate's guest worker-amnesty plan is really a battle over attempts to open the border as called for in programs such as North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Security and Prosperity Partnership (SPP). Both plans call for open borders and economic integration of North America.
The Bush Administration and those promoting illegal immigration were frankly stunned at the force and determination of U.S. citizens to reject the Senate's immigration plan. Proponents played a very heavy hand in attempting to force the scheme on a resisting citizenry. Such powerful forces are not used to losing. Today they continue to seek new ways to work around the opposition and pass the legislation, as a whole or incrementally.
However, the anti-illegal fervor refuses to abate and in fact, dramatic new developments are taking place in local communities across the nation that may well stop the unpopular Federal schemes.
So, in town after town across the nation the battle rages. And that is really the point. Illegal immigration is not just a border issue. It is a national issue affecting every large city and almost every small town. It must be understood that illegal immigration is not just a matter of some unhappy peasants hoping to seek a better life. It is a $300 billion a year industry, combining the interests of multinational corporations with those of drug cartels and Latino street gangs. Caught in between are American communities and the American way of life. Some cities, especially those along the points of entry at the border have become dangerous no-mans lands, where no property is safe, no American citizen is able to leave their home unarmed and some politicians turn a blind eye as they profit under the table. As a result American civilization is beginning to break down. That is why so many Americans refuse to back down on the issue, continuing to demand a crackdown, no matter what name calling they must endure.
Federal laws and a Supreme Court decision mandate that schools cannot deny free education to illegal aliens. Over 300,000 pregnant women enter the nation illegally every year. Taxpayers pay for food, housing medical care and school. The average annual cost per child for education is $7,161, totaling $109 billion to educate illegal aliens annually. The average cost of bilingual education is $1,200 per illegal student. U.S. schools annually educate 1.1 million illegal children. Schools have become over crowded and unruly. Teacher shortages (especially those who speak Spanish) are a growing problem for local school districts.
Moreover, state run colleges and universities are being forced to allow illegal aliens to receive in-state tuition discounts that are supposed to be reserved for residents of that state. In California, a law, (Assembly Bill 540) allows undocumented high school graduates who have been in residence for three years to enroll in community colleges and the California State University and University of California systems without paying nonresident tuition. The same is true in many other states across the country.
In 2003, illegal aliens displaced American workers at a cost in excess of $133 billion, while American college and high school students can't find summer jobs in yard care, landscape, fast food or service jobs - because illegal aliens work those jobs at a third of the wage - often under the table.
Crimes committed by alien criminals, such as rape, murder or drug distribution costs U.S. taxpayers $1.6 billion in prison costs alone. The figure doesn't include the cost of lost property, medical bills of the victims, time lost from work to recover, higher insurance costs, etc. Today, illegal aliens make up twenty nine percent of the U.S. prison population - or 500,000 illegals.
No legal citizen of the United States of America, living under the Constitution and the Bill of Rights should have to live as those who reside near the U.S. / Mexican border. Here there are no property rights, no ability to be safe in their homes, and no peace. One dare not go to the movies, the grocery or visit a relative without carrying a weapon for protection. Throughout the communities the streets are teaming with drug dealers, loiterers and gangs bent on violence.
How a community treats the illegals is key to how many come there. The main magnet is the establishment of a day labor center. The nation-wide illegal network knows where to send them. If a community opens its arms, of course they flock there. If a community stands up to them, they leave.
But that is easier said than done. First, federal laws or lack of enforcement hampers efforts against the illegals, no matter the sentiment of the community. Federal courts strike down local laws, such as just happened in Hazleton, Pennsylvania when a federal judge degreed that laws the community had passed to crack down on illegals were unconstitutional. Federal agencies say it is illegal for local police to ask if anyone is an illegal. The federal government argues that immigration is a federal issue and for local communities to take action interferes with U.S. foreign policy.
On the local level too, there is great pressure on elected officials to do nothing. Strong lobbying arms protect the illegals. The ACLU, of course, threatens lawsuits. But many Americans would be surprised to learn of the Hispanic forces behind much of the pressure applied to their local officials.
Many immigrant groups are joined together through the La Raza movement. These are the groups which organized the massive demonstrations in cities across the nation last year. It is past time for all Americans to know what is at the root of those demonstrations and the extent to which our nation is at risk to the La Raza movement.
While Congress fiddles and the Bush Administration issues meaningless pronouncements on "get tough" programs it never intends to enforce, local communities and state legislatures are beginning to fight back. And they are meeting with success.
State Legislatures, forced to deal with the failure of the federal government to fix the immigration laws, have considered 1,404 immigration bills this year and enacted 170 of them. These laws are aimed at curbing employment of illegals and making it more difficult to obtain state identification documents like driver's licenses.
In May, Oklahoma passed the "Taxpayer and Citizen Protection Act" which denies illegals state identification, and requires all state and local agencies to verify citizenship status of all applicants before authorizing benefits.
On the local level incredible success is being achieved in Northern Virginia. Last year two residents of Herndon, Virginia, with no prior political experience, began an effort called Save Herndon. The issue was the establishment of a day labor center in the community. The center would give illegals a gathering place in the community to help them get jobs, identification and benefits from the community.
The key, as stated earlier, is the day labor centers. If your city has one, then the message has gone out to the illegal infrastructure that your community welcomes them. Get rid of it and send the message that they are no longer welcome. If faced with lawsuits from the ACLU and La Raze, welcome them. Tell them you will gladly have a news conference to discuss their suit in front of the cameras. Do not be afraid.
Today, we have the chance to not only stop the flood of illegal aliens, but in the process, deflate the size and power of the federal government in the process. It's time to organize Help Save America.


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Pondering Hillary as Hillary ponders run
It has been an interesting few weeks for Hillary Clinton. For one, her newly published book, Hard Choices has been somewhat popular. For those of you who don’t know (which I’m guessing is about six people), the book tells of her time as Secretary of State. Is there a motive in the book release schedule nodding toward a return to public eye in a big way? Will she run for president in 2016? A few reporters have asked her directly, with no straight answer. We are told that we will have an answer for sure at the beginning of next year.
One of the main speculations, I’m sure, is whether or not a presidency run by a Hillary administration would be any good for this country. There are some things that I question about her time as Secretary of State; the Benghazi affair, for one, was not properly handled. This is probably one of the main reasons a lot of people don’t like Hillary Clinton. All of that said, there are quite a few reasons why I would be more than willing to give a Hillary administration a chance.
One specific person will be key. Since Hillary is married to Mr. Clinton, just how much do you think that she will be under his influence? Bill Clinton, as far as economics go, has been one of the, if not the, best president in recent decades. Could he assist with healing this financial problem that this country faces? He made this country prosper once; could he help in doing it again?
Of course, he is not the single best president ever, but he was pretty darn good. My point is that if Hillary was president, he would most likely be a main contributor to the administration.
As for Hillary herself, she was a benefactor to Bill’s presidency in the 1990s. Bill consulted her in political matters. This all leads to one of her views that I think would do a lot of good for this country: her view on healthcare.
As you know, in 1993, she pushed forward a plan to give this country universal healthcare, but it was defeated. I am pretty sure some people reading this are opposed for various reasons, to “socialized’’ healthcare, or may not know what it is. For those people, I recommend watching a film by Michael Moore called “Sicko,” comparing our health system to other countries.
Back to the point though, she is one the few that are willing to make such a drastic (and necessary) change to the health system.
Of course, one thing a lot of people care about is showcasing to the country and world, what a woman could do as president, ushering in a new era for leadership in the US. This isn’t Sarah Palin; this is someone with many years of experience in government.
There are complications surrounding Hillary Clinton, without doubt. But despite shortcomings, I can see some serious promise for a Hillary administration, far more than the likes of what Rand Paul or Newt Gingrich have to offer, at least right now.
I wish Hillary the best, and that if she does choose to run after all, here’s hoping that she will be the change that this country has been needing for so many years … or we can put our trust in Jeb Bush.
Drew Harnett-Hargrove lived in Colorado, and California before moving to Alexander a few years ago. He is interested in civics and permaculture, and is schooled at home and at large.

domain: politics


text:
Our concentrated formulation provides significant cost savings, when larger volumes of product are required, compared to our Bio-G. Simply mix 1/2 gallon of BIO-G MAX with 4 1/2 gallons of water to make 5 gallons Grease Trap Treatment (equivalent to 5 gallons of our Bio-G).
The continuous use of BIO-G MAX Concentrated Grease Trap Cleaner drastically reduces plumbing maintenance costs and reduces pump-out frequency, making it the ideal grease trap treatment. BIO-G MAX utilizes the latest biological technology to keep grease traps and drain lines free from clogs and foul odors. The facultative bacteria offer greater continuous digestion while its spore-form allows it to resist chlorine, disinfectants and high water temperatures.
Our BIO-G MAX also contains powerful special enzymes that immediately break down starch and complex carbohydrates to energize the bacterial replication of our five distinct bacterial strains. Unlike detergents that simply push grease into sewer lines, these bacterial strains work together to QUICKLY and NATURALLY degrade organic waste. This process not only eliminates greasy accumulations, but also helps eliminate obnoxious odors at the molecular level while a pleasant fragrance keeps traps and plumbing lines smelling fresh.
To provide worry free application and accurate dosing of your grease trap system consider purchasing our flexible Bio-Pump pail pump or Wall Mount Dosing Pumps that accurately doses Grease Trap Systems at the appropriate times. An easily custom programmed timer turns the pump on and off as required.

domain: chemistry


text:
“Come Up” stunning 4 carat aquamarine set in ornate solid sterling silver
“Come Up” from the Heavenly Realms series. Stunning 4 ct aquamarine set in ornate solid sterling silver. (We have this beauty available in sizes 4 to 10 and we will size up or down at no charge upon purchase). $65
The Lord is inviting us to Come Up to where we are already seated in heavenly places with Him and sit awhile and to begin to see things from His perspective.
To know you is to experience a flowing fountain,drinking in your life, springing up to satisfy.
In the light of your holiness we receive the light of revelation.
Then suddenly, after I wrote down these messages, I saw a heavenly portal open before me,and the same trumpet-voice I heard speaking with me at the beginning broke the silence and said, “Ascend into this realm!I want to reveal to you what must happen after this.”

domain: artistic


text:
Is this the death of twerking? We say yes, and this song is the very last straw.
Originally, Justin Bieber’s partner-in-crime Lil Twist announced the single was supposed to be his, but there’s no sign of the YMCMB rapper on this version.
“I came up in this party tryna twerk, tryna twerk/ twerk, twerk, twerk,” sings Miley.
We don’t know why this is happening, but we want it to stop. This twerking trend has to die.
Take a listen to Justin and Miley’s new song below.

domain: celebrity


text:
Charles T. Foster Post #42
Lansing, Ingham County, Michigan
Organized February 2, 1882
This Post was named to honor Charles T. Foster, the first Lansing man to volunteer at the beginning of the Civil War. He enlisted in Company B, 3rd Michigan Infantry as a Corporal on May 10, 1861, age 23. He was promoted to Sergeant and was killed in action at Seven Pines, Virginia, the first Lansing man to die in the war.
The Post was Mustered with 46 Charter Members.
The first Post Commander was Rush J. Shank who enlisted in Company C, 148th New York Volunteers on August 1, 1864 and was discharged on June 1, 1865.
The Post met, mostly on Washington Avenue from 1882 until 1910 at buildings identified as G.A.R. Hall, Old Senate, Moody Hall, Barker's Hall. The address is noted from time to time as 129, 331, 213 and 219 Washington Avenue. In 1912 the location is noted as 110 ½ S. Grand Avenue, in 1922 it is 117 ½ S. Washington Avenue. In 1921 they meet at Veterans Hall on east Michigan Avenue. In 1930 they meet at War Veterans Hall on South Capitol Avenue. In 1932 the Veterans Memorial Hall in located at 213 South Capitol Avenue.
James A. Hamilton is the last Post Commander and also the last Member living. He served in Company G, 12 Michigan Infantry from July 18, 1864 to June 1, 1865. He died December 23, 1941.
Edna Havens signed the last few years as Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster for the Post The Post was disbanded December 23, 1941.

domain: history


text:
This hand painted oil on canvas artwork, "A day at Singapore" was commissioned from a 1930's Poster and is definitely a tour of the docks that I would have wanted to see.
A favourite with all our customers, especially those liking vintage decor. A happy memory of Singapore days gone by.
The painting is 70cm x 100 cm
Art and wall decor Hand painted in Vietnam
More than 800 posters and poster designs were produced by the Empire Marketing Board (EMB) in...
A truly tropical vintage travel image which will make a real splash of colour and...
A truly tropical floral image which will make a real splash of colour and style on...

domain: painting


text:
Picture took on March 1st in campus, not raining and little bit cloudy.
The bright red in this image is amazing. Really great colors overall.
Interesting color scheme and cloud formation.
Great photo, I really the colors of the photo and how the building in the foreground is a silhouette.
Good image, the colors are very nice, though the image is a little bright toward the bottom right.
This cloud is pretty unique, It looks like a red floating rock. The texture could be resolved a little more, but the composition is interesting. The street lamp is a little distracting.
Amazing image, the color is beautiful and I like the framing of the image.
Cool cloud. I love the colors, and be building and tree silhouettes in the foreground is well done. The image is pretty grainy.
The colors in this image really pop. I also like how it splits apart a darker and lighter portion of the sky.
The colors are very nice. This image could benefit from some cropping. Overall good image though.
Stunning coloring. Image is a bit grainy, but there’s only so much you can ask from an iPhone.
I like the colors in this image, great focus and framing. Also nice job in keeping the distractions minimal.
Great cloud, it looks like a spaceship. I like colors as well. The foreground could be lighter, maybe try an HDR image.
Nice work. I like the colors and the patterns in the cloud. It’s pretty cool the cloud formed that way.
Stunning colors with a wide range of blues. The slight diagonal of the cloud attracts my attention.
I really like the color of the cloud and the foreground plays well into the picture.
Great capture. Did you enhance the contrast/saturation? It seems as if the colors are more popping then usual.
Great colors and I like how the foreground is completely black. Maybe consider cropping the bottom just a bit more to get rid of the light at the bottom and then erasing the light pole on top of the building.
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domain: beauty


text:
The majestic Vestrahorn mountain in East Iceland has to be my favourite place to photograph. It is a bucket list shot for many photographers but for good reason, the possibilities there are endless, for wide angle photography especially.
This was my first visit there. We had passed by the previous day during our road trip but conditions were horrendous with driving wind, rain and virtually zero visibility. So, I decided to return the next morning to a completely contrasting weather. Calm, clear conditions with an amazing cloud formation over the mountain.
I set up the tripod in front of a pool of water at low tide. All I needed to do was press the remote release and the location did the rest. I will be visiting the place again one day for sure.
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domain: photo


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What else can be said about Queen Elizabeth II?
Besides the fact that there is hardly anyone on the planet who has no idea who she is, she represents the British Royalty at its best. She was meant to be a queen and took her part very seriously.
She was born on the 21st of April 1926 in London and she became queen at 25, on the 6th of February 1952. One of the things people rarely know is that on the 10th September 2015, at the age of 89, she would surpass Queen Victoria as the longest-reigning monarch in British and Commonwealth history (as well as the longest-reigning female monarch in world history). She initially had little prospect of succeeding to the throne until her uncle, Edward VIII, abdicated in December 1936. Her father then became George VI and she became heir.
The Queen is married to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and has four children and eight grandchildren. She has reigned through more than five decades of enormous social change and development.
I personally was not a fan of her until I saw the movie, “The Queen” in which Helen Mirren beautifully interprets her; then I realized that she has one of the most difficult jobs on the planet. And to carry it off with such grace, in such an elegant manner, you need class. And patience. And loads of diplomacy. The movie covers the period right after the death of Princess Diana, when Her Royal Majesty Queen Elizabeth II struggled with her reaction to a sequence of events nobody could have predicted. Let’s not forget who Princess Diana was, People’s Princess. And let’s not forget that what was happening at the time was a struggle between two worlds: that of Queen Elisabeth II and royal duty and that of a princess who was the center of media attention.
My heart went for the queen who realized she had a royal brand to protect. She stood her ground, like a rock, just like she has done so far, in every situation. And she has been around for quite some time, so let’s just hope she will be around a lot more.
Now, she has obviously met a lot of presidents, from 1952 till now. The challenge for you is to recognize as many as possible and let us know who they are. Please do so in your comments.


How Does a Pacemaker Work?
There are two parts to a pacemaker: 1.) A pulse generator 2.) Insulated Leads. Some pacemakers have one lead and some have two.
The pulse generator is a small metal box with a small electronic chip and a battery. The battery supplies the power and the electronic chips acts like a computer program. The electronic chip senses the heart's beat and then sends out an electric signal.
The newest models of pulse generators weigh less than an ounce. They need to be replaced, about every 6 years when the battery dies.
The leads go from the pulse generator to the heart muscle through blood vessels. They can tell how fast the heart is beating and send that information to the pulse generator. Based on the information from the pulse generator, the leads send electrical signals to the heart which cause it to beat


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The U.S. State Department said on Saturday that the top diplomats of South Korea, the United States and Japan reaffirmed close cooperation on North Korea issues.
The department said in a statement that South Korean Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha and her U.S. and Japanese counterparts – Mike Pompeo and Toshimitsu Motegi – met on Saturday on the sidelines of the Munich Security Conference in Germany.
The department said the three sides reaffirmed close cooperation on North Korea and discussed a coordinated response to the coronavirus outbreak and other global security concerns.
The statement said the officials also emphasized the importance of the U.S.-South Korea and U.S.-Japan alliances to security and prosperity as a key part of the Indo-Pacific Strategy, adding that trilateral cooperation is essential to ensuring stability and peace in the region.
Seoul's Foreign Ministry said that the three ministers shared their assessments of the North Korean situation and held in-depth discussions on ways for trilateral cooperation on North Korea.
A ministry official said that the three sides generally agreed that there will be no significant provocations from North Korea at the moment when the regime closed its border in efforts to block the outbreak of the new coronavirus.

domain: topicality


With Climate Change, Caution is Not the Same as Apocalypticism
The problem with “the sky is falling” rhetoric is that it creates an all-or-nothing drastic scenario.
Famed physicist Stephen Hawking has just issued (yet another) dire, apocalyptic warning: the US pullout from the Paris Accords could very well be the thing that pushes Earth into a hothouse meltdown. In his words, “We are close to the tipping point where global warming becomes irreversible. Trump's action could push the Earth over the brink, to become like Venus, with a temperature of two hundred and fifty degrees, and raining sulfuric acid.”
He continued, “Climate change is one of the great dangers we face, and it's one we can prevent if we act now. By denying the evidence for climate change, and pulling out of the Paris Climate Agreement, Donald Trump will cause avoidable environmental damage to our beautiful planet, endangering the natural world, for us and our children.”
How to assess such a claim? If one of the world’s smartest scientists says that we’re about to become a second Venus, shouldn’t we panic? Or, should we curtly dismiss such dramatic apocalypticism as yet another example of politically-charged environmental extremism?
Oh wait—I just discovered a third option. How about discussing Global Warming rationally? That’s the correct and very Catholic thing to do. (The following is a summary of a chapter on Global Warming in my book, In Defense of Nature, where more detail is provided.)
The whole Global Warming question is complicated. Let’s look at one angle on it, whether (as Hawking fears) we’re in imminent danger of becoming another Venus.
Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, due in great part (you guessed it) to a very, very thick, heat-trapping CO2 atmosphere. Travelers interested in visiting this beautiful planet should expect daytime temperatures over 850 degrees Fahrenheit. If we subtracted the thick shroud of CO2 from Venus, the mean surface temperature would drop to about 130 degrees Fahrenheit, which would put it within the temperature range of habitability, at least in the abstract.
How close are we to becoming another Venus, i.e., how do our levels of atmospheric CO2 compare? Venus’s atmosphere consists of 96% carbon dioxide, and Earth’s a mere .04% (again, not 4%, but four one-hundredths of one percent).
That’s an interesting fact because Earth and Venus have about the same sum total amount of CO2, counting both the CO2 in the atmosphere and that which is locked up in the ground. But while almost all of Venus’s carbon dioxide resides in the atmosphere, almost all of Earth’s resides in the ground.
What causes the immense difference? The Earth’s amazing carbon cycle, which is part of its absolutely ingenious thermostatic regulatory system.
When things heat up on Earth, it causes increased evaporation from our bountiful supply of surface water in oceans and lakes. This has a kind of double effect. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas, so increasing it in the atmosphere contributes to warming. But water vapor also gives us more clouds. Clouds actually deflect a good bit of the incoming sun’s rays, thereby leading to a decrease in temperature. But even more important, the ensuing rain washes CO2 out of the atmosphere, thereby reducing the effect of this greenhouse gas, and the temperature cools.
What happens to the CO2? Rain is actually made somewhat more acidic by the dissolving of atmospheric CO2. Happily, the slightly acidic rain helps to weather rocks on land and in the ocean, thereby releasing minerals, in particular, silicates. These now-available silicates bring about a chemical reaction with CO2 that produces limestone, the result being a reduction of carbon dioxide and a further cooling down of Earth’s thermostat. As Harvard astronomer Owen Gingerich points out, “The earth’s atmosphere would be similar [to Venus’s] if the oceans [of Earth] had not dissolved the carbon dioxide and precipitated the excess in the form of limestone.”
It seems exceedingly unlikely that we are (as Hawking suggests) at a tipping point, about to become a second Venus. Earth’s self-regulating thermostat kicks in when things warm up, as it has done for millions upon millions of years. That we have such an astounding, self-regulating thermostatic system is a cause for wonder, and gratitude to the Creator—and I have only described part of it in this article.
Does that mean we have nothing at all to worry about? Just because we’re not about to become another Venus, doesn’t mean that we have no cause for concern. Life is delicate, and the temperature range of habitability is relatively thin. The delicacy of our situation on Earth is actually the result of a host of exceedingly precise conditions that allow for such abundant life here—conditions that are so rare, we may very well be the only planet that enjoys them.
In sum, Earth is fine-tuned for life, a sign that we do not live on an ordinary planet (and a sign for Christians of God’s creative genius). But that privilege brings with it responsibility. Earth enjoys a wide variety of complex and delicate ecosystems, with creatures formed to fit them rather precisely. While we may not be about to boil away our oceans and create a hell on Earth, a few degree increase could very well have destructive effects, which are hard to predict until it’s too late. Or, our temperature may remain stable thanks to the carbon cycle, but increased acidic rain might significantly damage the creatures of the ocean.
But justified caution is not the same as apocalypticism. The problem with “the sky is falling” rhetoric of someone of Hawking’s stature is that it creates an all-or-nothing drastic scenario.
Those who embrace Hawking’s alarmism, are then ready and willing to give enormous power to national and transnational organizations to save us from being tipped into annihilation. That is a recipe for creating a tyranny of alleged experts (as happened with the so-called “Population Crisis” of the 1970s, which resulted in an enormous international push for birth control and abortion).
On the other hand, those who realize that there are a significant number of scientific reasons for being skeptical of the apocalyptic claims of Global Warming enthusiasts—and there are many more reasons I could provide—then feel free to dismiss any concern for the ill effects of our actions on the environment.
It is far better to approach the Global Warming debate with a much cooler head. That, I believe, is the Catholic thing to do.


text:
To do the calculation manually, the first thing you need to figure out is
the total surface area of the boat to be covered by the strips. Notice how
the strips engage into each other by the radius of the bead. This means
that the effective area covered by the strip is not the 'original width'
but the 'exposed width'.
So, let's say that the exact surface area of the kayak is 55 ft^2 (Cape Ann Storm). When you divide it by the exposed width of the strips (1/2in=0.0416ft) you will get the minimum footage of strips. In this case - 55 ft^2 : 0.0416ft = 1322 ft of 5/8" strips. This formula is valid for any width of bead&cove strips. Don't forget to subtract the radius of the bead for the calculation.
Now, the 1322ft is the exact footage but all the strips will not fit perfectly on the hull and you will end up with short unusable scrap. In order to make up for this, add 5% 'fudge factor' to the exact footage (1322ft x 0.05 =~ 66ft). The total amount you need is 1322 + 66 = 1388ft of 5/8" strips.
How many planks of wood will you need?
First you need to figure out how many strips you can get from a plank. So, we know that we need to rip 1/4" strips from the board and that the thickness (kerf) of the saw blade is for example 1/8" (usually it is less on 7 1/4" dia. blade). This gives us total 1/4" + 1/8" = 3/8" (0.375in) thickness removed from the plank per every pass on the saw. Let's say the plank width is 8" (use whatever width planks you have), so 8"/0.375" ~= 21 strips per 8" wide plank. Now our example plank is 16 feet long which gives us yield of 21 x 16' = 336 feet of strips per plank. So in total, we need 1388ft / 336ft = 4.1 planks (5/8" x 8" x 16ft). You can do this calculation for any width or length of planks. The biggest yield variables will be the saw blade kerf and how many good strips you can get out of the plank (proper saw fence setting and pushing the plank perfectly parallel to the fence).
If you don't want to do the math by hand, use the strip calculator below. The script uses the same principle as described above.
Use this form to calculate the lengths of strips you need for your cedar strip project.
The calculations are valid only for 1/4" thickness, 1/8" radius bead & cove strips.
Total price will also be calculated if you enter the "Cost of strip per linear foot" field. Optionally, enter the plank width and kerf thickness to calculate how many planks (of the same strip length) are needed.
Got an idea for improvement or modification of the calculator? , e-mail.
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domain: mathematics


text:
Zacky Farms Files Bankruptcy, Cites Cost of Poultry Feed
Zacky Farms LLC, a Fresno, California-based poultry producer, filed for bankruptcy with plans to sell itself to pay creditors owed as much as $100 million.
“Normal operations and customer service will continue without disruption,” Zacky officials said today in a statement.
The poultry industry has been under “severe stress due to historically high corn and soybean meal prices” leading to “significant operating losses” in its turkey and chicken business, the company said.
Global food prices tracked by the United Nations will climb to a record by June as droughts in the U.S., South America and Russia push up animal-feed costs, spurring meat and dairy farmers to reduce herds, according to financial-services provider Rabobank International.
The worst U.S. drought in 56 years sent the price of corn, the main ingredient in livestock feed, to a record $8.49 a bushel on Aug. 10 on the Chicago Board of Trade. The UN’s gauge of 55 food items reached a six-month high in September.
Zacky spends about $1.8 million a week on feed for about 1.9 million turkeys and 600,000 chickens, according to court documents.
Starting in April, the company tried to avoid bankruptcy by borrowing $7 million from the Robert D. Zacky and Lillian D. Zacky trust, which owns half of Zacky, court papers show. Family members related to Albert Zacky own the other half.
Zacky needs to borrow $71 million at a 6 percent interest rate to operate in bankruptcy, according to court papers. The so-called debtor-in-possession loan is being made by the Lillian Zacky Family Trust, the company said in a statement.
The loan, which must be approved by U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Thomas Holman, requires “the commencement of an immediate process to sell the company as a going concern,” Zacky said in court papers filed today.
The company filed its case yesterday under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, which is used for companies that plan to reorganize and continue operating. The filing was made public today.
The two biggest unsecured creditors listed in the Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition were Western Milling, of Goshen, California, owed $6.6 million, and Foster Farms LLC, of Livingston, California, owed $1.2 million.
Zacky Farms traces its roots to Samuel Zacky, who emigrated to the U.S. in 1908 from Kiev and in 1928 opened a live-chicken store in Los Angeles, according to the company website. In 1979, the company opened a Fresno plant capable of processing more than 1 million birds a week.
The case is In re Zacky Farms LLC, 12-37961, U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of California (Sacramento).

domain: finance


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It’s that time of the year when mangoes appear in the market, and happy customers like us will even stand in a queue to bring them home. While some may get it from their local fruit seller, others want the top quality – particularly the world-famous Alphonso Mango-and opt for specialized sellers that come every year to Mumbai directly from the farm to sell their wares. Here’s a list of six such places.
'Tis The Season: Farms In Maharashtra You Can Order Mangoes From
This online portal helps you purchase the world-famous Alphonso Mangoes from Maharashtra’s Ratnagiri district online. The portal also has a number of coupon codes that you can avail, depending on the festival.
Cost of Mangoes: Starts at INR 999 for one dozen of small-sized Alphonsoes.
Farms To Your Table
As the name suggests, this brand has it's own farm in Devgad, and practices organic farming. The aim is to provide mangoes from farm to your plate. All of their produce is pesticide and chemical-free, and is grown by the local farming community of the farmers in Devgad. So your purchase also benefits them.
Cost of Mangoes: INR 800 onward for 1 dozen.
Offered by Bangsons, a mango-selling firm that sells Alphonso mangoes online, the concept of Mangopeti, the owners say, germinated when the customers asked for the same great quality of Alphonso mangoes offered under the brand but without the gift-packing. Their mangoes come straight from Devgad and Ratnagiri.
Cost of Mangoes: INR 3,300 onward for one crate of 48 mangoes.
With the aim to bridge the gap between the farmers & end customers and thereby creating wealth in villages, Kulbawadi specializes in homegrown mangoes that they claim are 100% organic.
Cost of Mangoes: INR 1,000 for a dozen mangoes, and INR 689 for six pieces.
Mangoes Mumbai claims their mangoes are chemical-free and handpicked from reliable farms in Devgad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg. More importantly, the mangoes are delivered home in a semi-ripened condition, which means that there is no artificial ripening.
Cost of Mangoes: INR 1,549 for a dozen
Anish Farms has been in the picture since the 1950s, and was one of the first and the very few farms to convert into an organic label. Its located in Ratnagiri and in case you need their sweetest mangoes, you don't need to drive all the way. They will gladly deliver at your doorstep, to satiate your craving for the fruit.
Cost of Mangoes: INR 1,150 for a dozen, but you may call them to negotiate.

domain: agronomy


text:
House of Fraser’s plus size range offers a fashionable, flattering and fabulous selection of clothing up to a size 30. Specially designed to fit your style and your curves, our stylish range includes plus size dresses, plus size jeans and plus size tops. From show-stopping occasionwear to everyday staples, whatever the occasion, our plus size range caters for all.
With collections from leading plus size brands including Evans, Chesca, Live Unlimited, Marina Rinaldi and many more, you are sure to find a style you love.
Curvy Kate Kitty Long-line Babydoll. Lightly padded cupsized
babydoll with intricate silver embroidery and scalloped edges. Flattering long-line body and an A-line skirt. Fully adjustable straps. Matching bra, thong and short available. Wired Padded Bra Non moulded Adjustable Other ...
A lavish embroidery cut and sew style, GRACEY
is crafted from luxurious blush liner, overlaid with jet-black fabric adorned with intricate floral stitching. Designed to give flattering uplift from C-E the bra is finished by a delicate satin bow ...
Curvy Kate Belle Babydoll. A pretty pink semi-sheer
mesh cup lifts and shapes for great support. With criss-cross, kiss like embroidery and a flattering A-line skirt with back keyhole detail. Underwired and non-padded with adjustable straps. Matching thong and ...

domain: design


text:
John murtagh online line dating
But even more importantly they should pray that the Holy Spirit guides the bishops’ deliberations.
He said: “We should all pray for it because a battle is going on.
In 2012, Space X became the first commercial company to dock with the International Space Station and return cargo to Earth with the Dragon.
The priests conclude the letter by urging all participants in the forthcoming synod “to make a clear and firm proclamation of the Church’s unchanging moral teaching, so that confusion may be removed, and faith confirmed.” Speaking recently at the presentation of his new book, Pope Francis’s Revolution of Tenderness and Love, Cardinal Kasper said Catholics should let their bishops know their hopes and concerns about the synod.
In addition, Elon is the non-executive chairman and principal shareholder of Solar City, the leading provider of solar power systems in the United States.
He also co-founded Pay Pal, the world's leading Internet payment system, and served as the company's Chairman and CEO.
At Space X, Musk is the chief designer, overseeing development of rockets and spacecraft for missions to Earth orbit and ultimately to other planets.
In 2008, Space X’s Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft won the NASA contract to provide a commercial replacement for the cargo transport function of the Space Shuttle, which retired in 2011.

domain: aerospace


text:
If you want to know how to check your Friendship Level in Pokemon Scarlet and Violet, we have all the answers you seek. In this guide, we are going to show you where to find the NPC that can tell you how friendly you are with your Pokemon. Plus, we will give you a few tips on how to increase the Friendship Level. Here we go!
How to Check Friendship Level in Pokemon Scarlet and Violet
To check your Friendship Level in Pokemon Scarlet and Violet, you need to speak to a specific NPC. She hangs out in Cascarrafa, near one of the shrubberies on the town’s main square. She has shoulder-length hair, a yellow shirt, and green shorts. There’s also a Marill standing next to her. We’ll show you exactly where to go in the screenshots below. Talk to this person, and she’ll ask whether you want to see how friendly you and your Pokemon are. Select Yes, then select the Pokemon you want to check. Then, simply read what the person tells you. You can do this as many times as you like, either in one “sitting” or multiple. You can visit the NPC whenever you want.
And there you have it, that’s how you check your Friendship Level in Pokemon Scarlet and Violet. As I’ve said up top, this is most likely going to be a requirement for evolving certain Pokemon, such as Sylveon. We haven’t had the chance to test out all the evolutions yet, so we don’t know which ones the Friendship Level will affect. As for what can help raise this number in Scarlet and Violet, it’s going on picnics with your Pokemon. Chill with them, share sandwiches, groom the Pokemon and play with them; you get the idea. Also, you can let them hold the Soothe Bell to increase the Friendship Level faster. There are other ways, like letting the Pokemon walk beside you, etc.

domain: game


This evening: Snow showers will continue through the evening and a light accumulation will be possible. Areas south of I-70 will see a light dusting and at most an inch of snowfall, mainly on grassy and elevated surfaces. North of I-70 may see slightly higher totals, ranging from an inch to an inch and a half of snowfall.
Temperatures will drop slightly into the low 30s with breezy and cloudy conditions. Snow showers will taper off for tonight. Overight low temperatures will remain in the 30s. Slick spots are possible tonight.
Sunday: We will have a chilly morning with a few slick spots possible. it will stay cloudy throughout the day with a few stay flurries at times. Temperatures will be near normal in the upper 30s. It will be a little breezy at times, creating wind chills in the upper 20s to lower 30s.


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A real estate industry publication has evaluated and ranked the top real estate sales offices in the nation and local business Ray White Cranbourne has ranked 35th in Australia.
Business owner Mark Guthrie reported that their 13 salespeople had sold 343 properties in the last financial year.
Their sales values totalled over $132m and the office was able to sell 72 per cent of the properties they put on the market. This is almost unheard for the majority of real estate businesses in Australia.
Ray White Group’s chairman Brian White noted that Ray White Cranbourne’s placing plus Ray White’s Rockingham (WA) ranking at the top, followed by Ray White Glen Waverley’s (VIC) ranking as second best, was a significant achievement.
“It’s a remarkable industry coup,” Mr White said.

domain: statistics


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October will bring a lot of interesting astronomical phenomena. In the first half of the month, a swarm of Draconids and several conjunctions between the Moon and the planets of the solar system await us. At the end of October, let’s get ready for the maximum rain of falling stars and the first autumn full moon.
In October, fans of astronomical attractions will definitely not be bored. What will be seen in the sky? Check what to pay attention to this month.
Between October 6 and 10, we will be able to admire the swarm of Draconids, also known as Giacobinids. These meteors will peak on October 8. Draconids are associated with the constellation Dragon and are derived from comet 21P / Giacobini-Zinner.
Moon conjunction with Saturn
On October 14, we will have a conjunction of the Moon and Saturn. Conjunction occurs when the celestial bodies and the observer line up. The phenomenon will start at 9.08. In Warsaw, it will be visible from 18/06. Objects in the sky will reach their highest point at 7.41pm, and they will cease to be visible at 10:45 PM. The phenomenon can be seen with the naked eye or through binoculars, if it is not obscured by clouds, of course.
Moon conjunction with Jupiter
A day later, on October 15, another conjunction will occur, this time between the Moon and Jupiter. The phenomenon will start at 12.02. From Warsaw, it will be visible from 6pm, 15 degrees above the south-eastern horizon, when it starts to get dark. The celestial bodies will reach the highest point in the sky at 20.38, 22 degrees above the southern horizon. You will be able to observe them until 00.14. In this case also the naked eye of the observer is enough, if the weather is good.
Full moon. Full Moon of Hunters – October 2021
On Wednesday, October 20, a full moon awaits us. The October full moon is called the Hunters Full Moon. The name comes from the time when, after the harvest was finished, it was necessary to replenish the stocks of meat before winter. The hunters then went hunting. Other names for this fullness are the Fullness of Journey and the Fullness of Wilting or Dying Grasses. The maximum of the phenomenon awaits us at 16.57.
Orionid Swarm. When the maximum rain of falling stars
In October, we will also be able to watch the rain of falling stars in the sky. All because of the Orionids, related to the journey of Halley’s comet. These meteors are active from October 2 to November 7. Their maximum falls on the night of October 20-21. This year, however, the phenomenon could be disturbed by a full moon – our natural satellite will flood the night sky with glow.
space.com, in-the-sky.org, imo.net
Main photo source: Shutterstock

domain: astronomy


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Automated heat (oestrus) detection systems that optimise herd pregnancy rates and hence milk production are now commonplace on dairy farms (McGowan et al., Reference McGowan, Burke and Jago2007; Roelofs and Kooij, Reference Roelofs and Kooij2015; Heat Detection and Health Monitoring – National Milk Records, 2018). The success of these systems has generated a positive message within the sector highlighting the benefits that technology can bring. Currently, all of the commercial systems are vendor specific and are generally not open to interaction with third parties. They comprise a number of distributed sensor nodes that communicate via a custom radio channel to a central computer where a decision support user interface interprets the measurements for the herdsman. As rural connectivity improves, the trend is to mirror these systems on a cloud-hosted platform that facilitates access through a range of mobile devices. Consequently, a significant opportunity exists to integrate multiple sensor data streams to produce a more holistic understanding of animal welfare and production performance. A number of Internet enabled commercial platforms have been created with this purpose (Glas Data, 2018, 2019; Farmnet365, 2019). This paper illustrates a range of sensor methods and considers how their data can be integrated, for example combining cattle collar based measurements with milk constituent analysis and/or feed composition, to optimise farm production. Examples show how the approach can potentially lead to more specific diagnosis of illness, in the current case mastitis and by promoting early detection support strategies to reduce antibiotic usage.
Internet of Things in the dairy industry
Within the past ten years, methods for automating the process of monitoring the behaviour of cattle have become increasingly important. In the UK, there has been a steady decline in the number of milk producers. The number of dairy cows in the UK has dropped from 2.6 million in 1996 to 1.9 million in 2015 (AHDB Dairy, 2016). Similarly, the number of dairy producers has fallen from 35 741 in 1995 to 13 815 in 2014. In tandem the average herd size has risen as those holdings with smaller herds have been forced out of the industry. In 2014 the average number of cows per herd was 133 compared to 97 in 2004. A direct consequence has been that the time available to farmers for observing their herd has reduced and increasingly farmers are relying on technology to undertake this function, underlined by the growth in oestrus, or ‘heat’, detection products that assist in the optimisation of fertility services (Afimilk, 2015; Roelofs and Kooij, Reference Roelofs and Kooij2015; Borchers et al., Reference Borchers, Chang, Tsai, Wadsworth and Bewley2016).
Oestrus detection in dairy cattle
The cost of cattle infertility derives from the loss of revenue from milk production. If an eligible cow is not bred (or is incorrectly bred), the farmer loses approximately 21 d of milk production with an estimated value of around £140 per cow in the UK at a representative milk price (AHDB Dairy, 2016). An examination of the efficiency of farm workers to detect heat carried out in 1994 over 4550 herds in the US, found a mean detection accuracy of 38% (Gröhn and Rajala-Schultz, Reference Gröhn and Rajala-Schultz2000; Lucy, Reference Lucy2001; Wathes et al., Reference Wathes, Taylor and August2002). In contrast, technological solutions are reported to perform with success rates upwards of 80–90% (McGowan et al., Reference McGowan, Burke and Jago2007; Robert et al., Reference Robert, White, Renter and Larson2009; Wolfger et al., Reference Wolfger, Timsit, Pajoe, Cook, Barkema and Orsel2015; Heat Detection and Health Monitoring – National Milk Records, 2018).
Oestrus (heat) detection systems are exemplars of the successful application of an ‘Internet of Things’ methodology. Low power sensor technologies, usually Micro-Machined Electromechanical (MEMs) accelerometers, are combined with low power wireless radio chipsets to provide a monitoring capability that operates 24 h per day over an extended period of time (5 to 10 years). To determine when a cow is on heat the activity of the animal is measured. It is well known that cattle in heat (oestrus) become restless (Kiddy, Reference Kiddy1977; Van Vliet and Van Eerdenburg, Reference Van Vliet and Van Eerdenburg1996) hence machine learning or statistical approaches can be used to identify outlier behaviour that aligns with the onset of heat (Eradus et al., Reference Eradus, Scholten and Cate1996; Martiskainen et al., Reference Martiskainen, Järvinena, Skön, Tiirikainen, Kolehmainen and Mononen2009). Measurement of this change in activity is readily achieved using MEMs accelerometers (Pastell et al., Reference Pastell, Tiusanen, Hakorjarvi and Hanninen2009; Robert et al., Reference Robert, White, Renter and Larson2009; Michie et al., Reference Michie, Andonovic, Tachtatzis, Davison and Konka2017), however, it is not possible to transmit all of the unprocessed accelerometer data which may operate in three-axes with a sample frequency of 10 Hz or more. This is because the low power wireless transmission channels do not have sufficient bandwidth. Data must, therefore, be processed locally (i.e. on the animal) with only periodic status updates being relayed along with alerts every hour or two to preserve power consumption. Alternatively, data can be pre-processed into summaries that describe the dominant signal characteristics over a period of time such that this information can be subsequently processed. In this manner substantial savings in radio transmission power consumption are obtainable and battery lifetimes of 5–10 years are common (Michie et al., Reference Michie, Andonovic, Tachtatzis, Davison and Konka2017). Information generated in this way can then be processed on a central farm computer or in the cloud to represent the measurement data in a manner that is meaningful to the herdsman to support their daily decision making.
Automated measurement of animal welfare
Heat detection systems are now well accepted within the dairy industry to the extent that there is strong competition to differentiate products through the inclusion of additional features that give insight into illness or other key welfare conditions. Moreover, consumers are becoming more aware of animal welfare. Surveys of UK consumers carried out more than a decade ago as well as much more recently (Kjærnes, Miele, and Roex, Reference Kjærnes, Miele and Roex2007; Wolf et al., Reference Wolf, Tonsor, McKendree, Thomson and Swanson2016) suggested that most of those surveyed (93% in the case of the earlier survey) would be willing to pay a premium for milk produced with a strong focus on welfare. The details of this survey were not discussed in detail but nonetheless there is at least anecdotal evidence of an increasing awareness of animal welfare among consumers. Supermarkets are moving to models where a premium is paid to the producer based on evidence of practices with a high degree of consideration of animal welfare (Arlafoods Ltd, 2019). Measurement technology that can automate the process, remove the subjectivity and cost of human observation clearly has a role to play.
Monitoring the feed intake of cattle is considered an excellent proxy for establishing a view of overall health. At present there is no mechanism for directly measuring feed intake in a production environment. However, it is possible to measure the time that a cow exhibits feeding behaviour using accelerometer collars. This is a good alternative to feed intake as a welfare measure: cows that are sick eat less or spend less time eating. The same is true for rumination (Phillips, Reference Phillips1993; Walker et al., Reference Walker, Smith, Routli, Jones, Morris and Dobson2008; Mottram, Reference Mottram2016; Thorup et al., Reference Thorup, Nielsen, Robert, Giger-Reverdin, Konka, Michie and Friggens2016). A healthy dairy cow will feed for two to three hours per day and ruminate for 500 min to 600 min per day (Soriani et al., Reference Soriani, Panella and Calamari2013). The rumination process is characterised by a steady rhythmic chewing action lasting for around 50 s per bolus (Kononoff et al., Reference Kononoff, Lehman and Heinrichs2002; Borchers et al., Reference Borchers, Chang, Tsai, Wadsworth and Bewley2016; Deniz et al., Reference Deniz, Chelotti, Galli, Planisich, Larripa, Rufiner and Giovanini2017). The steady rhythm allows rumination to be identified from the motion of the neck muscles hence facilitating the use of accelerometers to detect and time this behaviour. The process of extracting the rumination information is not the subject of the present paper but for illustration the accelerometer output shown in online Supplementary Figure S1 shows an example of a rumination sequence measured using an accelerometer collar and verified by comparison with a pressure sensitive halter monitoring jaw action (Michie et al., Reference Michie, Andonovic, Tachtatzis, Davison and Konka2017). Although the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the accelerometer signal is lower than the pressure data, the same features (periodic motion followed by a cessation of activity) are apparent. Processing on the collar to identify the chewing frequency enables rumination periods to be readily captured without transmitting unprocessed accelerometer signals, hence optimising battery lifetime. Feeding signatures differ from rumination because during feeding there is significantly more neck motion. A range of approaches to resolving these two behaviour classes with reasonable precision has been reported elsewhere (Martiskainen et al., Reference Martiskainen, Järvinena, Skön, Tiirikainen, Kolehmainen and Mononen2009;Tani et al., Reference Tani, Yokota, Yayota and Ohtani2013; Fargas and Petersen, Reference Fargas and Petersen2017; Rutten et al., Reference Rutten, Kamphuis, Hogeveen, Huijps, Nielen and Steeneveld2017). The value of such measurements is illustrated in Figure 1 which shows a representative measurement from the Silent Herdsman platform (Afimilk, 2015) showing an example where rumination and feeding patterns have dropped below 25% of their running average. In this particular case the changes enabled the early detection of a significant illness event. There is an important point to make here. While early indication of illness is possible using automated systems, diagnosis of the specific illness should usually be the responsibility of the veterinarian. A significant drop in the average time spent eating and/or ruminating serve to indicate to the farmer that the cow should be examined further. The following section will demonstrate how an early illness indication can be combined with other automated measurements to potentially generate a more precise illness alert directly from automated measurements.
Mastitis detection from milk component analysis
The use of robotic milking stations significantly reduces the workload of the dairyman but at the same time reduces the opportunity for visual observation to identify instances of oestrus and potential illness. In-line milk analysis tools can compensate in part for reduced observation and provide ready access to important chemical parameters relevant to welfare for those animals that are being milked. The fat/protein ratio can give an indication of energy imbalance and consequently susceptibility to illness. Electrical conductivity (Nielen et al., Reference Nielen, Deluyker, Schukken and Brand1992; Maatje et al., Reference Maatje, de Mol and Rossing1997; Brandt et al., Reference Brandt, Haeussermann and Hartung2010) measurements have been used to indicate potential mastitis.
IoT-enabled sensor fusion
Internet-enabled connectivity between sensor systems enables the integration of ranges of data streams that has hitherto been complicated to achieve. Figure 2 illustrates the platform where data from a range of measurement devices, cattle collars, milking station and feed wagon are integrated into a cloud infrastructure. Presently these systems are typically vendor specific and do not communicate readily with each other. The cloud framework offers an ideal mechanism for lowering the barriers to execute full integration. In the following examples the additional benefit that can be derived from integrating data re-enforces the potential benefits that result.
Early detection of mastitis in dairy cattle
Measurements of milk conductivity are readily implemented in robotic milking stations. Since cattle visit the milking robot several times daily, there is an inherent and ideal opportunity to obtain data from which to identify a signature that can be used to identify the possible onset of mastitis. The advantage of early detection of mastitis is that early treatment is enabled thus minimising or potentially removing the need for antibiotics and in turn maintaining the continuity of production.
Sensors integral to the milking robot measure the conductivity of the milk as it is extracted from each udder quarter. The change in conductivity arises from an increase in milk Na+ concentration as cell-cell tight junctions become leaky as a consequence of infection. As measurements are made on each quarter, systemic (whole-udder) day-to-day variation can be ruled out and the location of mastitis can be identified. Changes in conductivity owing to mastitis are observed in advance of visible changes in foremilk or udder tissue (Nielen et al., Reference Nielen, Deluyker, Schukken and Brand1992; Maatje et al., Reference Maatje, de Mol and Rossing1997; Viguier et al., Reference Viguier, Arora, Gilmaring, Welbeck and O'Kennedy2009).
Despite the demonstrated positive value of conductivity measurements, instances where sensors can produce misleading outputs remain. To improve detection, we combined milk component analysis from a Fullwood milking robot with accelerometer derived data from the Afimilk Silent Herdsman collar to produce a solution that provides an early indication of the onset of mastitis which informs an early intervention action. The combination of the two measurements provides corroboration between two radically different sensor modalities and provides an improvement in the measurement reliability and accuracy. Welfare alerts are generated by the milking robot when the conductivity of the milk rises above a nominal normal value. Figure 3a shows an example where significant increases in conductivity were detected on all four quarters over a period of three days, a condition that would alert as potential mastitis. However, in this instance the associated collar derived welfare indicators (feeding and rumination) are stable over this period. A cow with mastitis would be expected to feed and ruminate to a lesser degree. Given that this did not happen suggests that the conductivity increase is not due to mastitis. It was in fact the result of a fertility treatment administered to a group of cattle: all cattle within the group displayed a rise in milk conductivity without any significant change in feeding/rumination behaviour. Thus, the additional data stream provides information that can be used to qualify an alert and indicate that there was no significant welfare issue. An example of a genuine mastitis response is shown in the measurement combinations in Figure 3b which shows a sharp fall in the time spent feeding/rumination as the mastitis infection progresses. Rumination and feeding have dropped by more than 25% the day prior to a rise in conductivity being detected. After the collar alert, the rise in conductivity is observed followed by an indication from the farmer that he has noticed the signs of mastitis.
During a six month observation period carried out on a dairy farm in Fife, Scotland, milk conductivity data and feeding/rumination behaviour was examined from 47 cases of mastitis cattle. The cattle were part of a 200 strong herd that was robotically milked. During the trial period, dairymen observed the cattle for visible signs of welfare issues and recorded instances of mastitis and the time diagnosis was made. The objective of the investigation was to determine whether or not conductivity increases during mastitis were accompanied by changes in feeding and/or rumination. We also aimed to determine whether or not collar derived signals showed a response to illness before or after conductivity changes. To detect clinical mastitis, cattle were observed at milking to analyse the milk composition and for signs of both udder inflammation as well as of general illness. The dairymen made use of the information from both the Silent Herdsman system and the milking robot to identify cattle at risk but only confirmed this analysis following visual observation and examination of milk quality. In almost all cases, feeding and rumination indicators generated an alert prior to the condition being detected by the dairymen and before rises in milk conductivity. In 74% of cases, the feeding/rumination signatures alerted the onset of mastitis at least one day before the condition was noted by staff, and more than 90% of cases were detected at least as early as the farm observations (or confirmed on the day of alerting). Given that the evaluation of performance was executed under trial conditions where the staff were specifically tasked with maintaining a close watch on the herd for welfare related indicators, the efficacy of the approach is noteworthy. Conductivity changes were generally noted after the collar alerts, 25% of which were in advance of the observation and 50% at least equal to it. In 12% of cases, conductivity increases were observed after detection had been confirmed by the dairymen. Changes in the fat-to-protein ratio were not observed to be a strong indicator for mastitis in the sense that the changes were identified before the farmer's observation in a relatively small, 13% of cases. The data are shown in online Supplementary table S1. The study focused only on cattle that were diagnosed as having mastitis in order to assess whether or not the combination of collar and milk conductivity could provide an early indication. False positive alerts were generated where animals had no indication of mastitis, however, these animals were found to have other relevant welfare issues that were responsible. Detailed analysis of this has not been performed.
The combination of the two streams of data illustrates an early example of the potential benefits arising from a combination of sensors to either increase the reliability of the method (remove instances of false positives as noted following fertility treatment) or to provide an early indication of a welfare event followed by additional reaffirmation to assist in subsequent diagnoses. Illnesses that present as a drop in feeding and rumination behaviour may be detected in a timely manner and the nature of the illness confirmed using subsequent conductivity measurements.
Optimising feeding for cattle
Producing high quality food from either beef or dairy cattle presents significant challenges. Animal welfare is paramount both from a moral standpoint and to optimise production efficiency. One of the main costs of milk or beef production is attributed to the animal feed.
While commercial vendors offer collar and ear tag based systems that provide estimates of the time an individual animal spends feeding or showing feeding behaviour, to date no mechanism exists for production settings that enable farmers to quantify the amount that an individual animal consumes and to relate feed intake to the nutritional demands required to grow or to produce beef or milk optimally. Significant advances have been made in terms of delivering consistent mixes of feed across the herd through the use of feed-mixer wagons which have replaced humans to ensure that the uniformity of the feed mix is guaranteed and that animals are not compromised by poor feed quality because they are fed at a point in the delivery where the mix was deficient and lacked essential components. These wagons are now equipped with Internet-enabled telemetry to record the composition of the feed mix in a cloud hosted platform such that the nutritional history is known and its relationship with welfare can be quantified (Keenan, 2019). More recently, manufacturers have integrated spectroscopic analysis equipment into the feeder wagon to further optimise the process (Barbi et al., Reference Barbi, Ghiraldi, Manzoli and Berzaghi2010). Real time analytical measurements are recorded to deliver precise information on feed composition at the point of delivery. These advances support the possibility of precision feeding to be considered.
Deriving time spent feeding and ruminating using collars or ear tags offers the potential to measure feed intake provided that, firstly, time spent feeding and intake are well correlated and, secondly, collar/ear tag technology provides an accurate indication of the time spent feeding. The following analysis reports the potential for determining feed intake from time spent feeding alone. The research was carried out on a finishing farm where beef cattle were fed using an automated feeder (Hokofarm, 2019) which records the time animals spend feeding and the feed consumed. The time at the feeder was used to estimate the feed intake on a per animal basis in order to remove other potential sources of error derived from, for example, collar based feeding time measurements. 80 beef finishing cattle were used in the study divided into two groups of 40 and given diets of different composition. The diets (as total mixed rations) were generated using a diet mixing wagon and consisted of (g/kg DM) forage to concentrate ratios of either 500 : 500 (MIXED) or 79 : 921 (CONCENTRATE). Each animal was tagged with a radio frequency ear tag with a unique identifier, the basis for recording the time spent at individual feeding station and the feed intake (kg removed from the feeding station) during a feeding bout. This information enabled the correlation between time spent feeding and feed intake to be confirmed.
Feed intake (FI) was firstly estimated from the proportion of the time that an animal in a group spends feeding (t feed), compared to the total time that the group (t group) spends feeding along with knowledge of the feed delivered (F del) and the residual feed left over (F res), described mathematically below as:
The errors that are embedded in this approach are shown in online Supplementary Figure S2. The difference between the estimated intake for each animal and the actual intake over the 56 d period is recorded in a box plot. The Root Mean Square Error, RMS, of feed intake is 3.5 kg (freshweight) for the MIXED diet and 2.44 kg for the CONC diet. Some animals consistently show an underestimate in feed intake while others an over estimate. Which is which is purely down to coincidence, since the error reflects how close an animal's behaviour is to the mean for the herd. Clearly there are significant errors in this approach which is the result of individual feeding behaviour. We then employed Random Forest and Support Vector Regression models trained on feeding duration, number of visits to the feed bin and the animal live-weight, to estimate feed intake. Lower RMS errors 2.0 kg (Freshweight) were obtained for the MIXED diet and 1.24 kg for the CONC diet, the data are shown in online Supplementary Figure S3. The feed intake estimates were used to calculate feed conversion ratio FCR based on the ratio of average daily intake to average liveweight gain. The predicted and actual FCR are shown in online Supplementary Figure S4. This example represents the case for a concentrate feed diet and has an R 2 value of 0.92 between the estimated FCR and the actual FCR (calculated from feed intake estimates). This data was then used to estimate the best performers and poorest performers across the herd. The predicted value was contrasted against a calculated value derived from the feeder measurements and the liveweight gain measurements. This data was used to rank the animals into three groups – top performing, middle performing and lowest performing. In the case of the 40 steers given the concentrate ration, 11 out of 12 animals were correctly identified as being in the top 3rd of the group in terms of FCR. Similarly, 12 of the 13 animals were correctly identified as being low performers. These data are shown in online Supplementary Table S2. A fuller analysis is in preparation, however, the results are encouraging in that they suggest that useful data can be provided in a production setting using feed time estimates.
New sensor modalities
Radar physiological measurements
As the benefits that can be obtained from new technology are more widely disseminated, other emerging technologies will be adopted from other sectors and re-purposed for agricultural use. One potential example of this is radar. Radar systems use radio frequency (RF) waves to typically determine the range, angle and velocity of objects. The widescale production of these for the automotive industry has brought their cost to around £100.
Radar systems operate by sending radio frequency signals towards an object and measuring how the reflected signal changes over time to determine parameters such as the range and velocity. Doppler frequency refers to the frequency shift introduced in a wave due to the relative motion between the transmitter and observer. This allows the receiver to determine the speed of an object by comparing the frequency of the transmitted signal with the received.
In addition to the frequency shift introduced by the bulk motion of the target, other micro-motions such as vibrations and rotations may also introduce changes in frequency. The micro-Doppler phenomenon simply refers to the Doppler characteristics of these secondary motions. Micro-Doppler can also be used to observe smaller motions and vibrations on the body. One very topical issue is the use of radar to extract respiration and heart rates using the micro-Doppler phenomenon which facilitates contact-less monitoring of patients with relatively low-cost solutions (Diraco et al., Reference Diraco, Leone and Siciliano2017). In an agricultural setting this can be of great advantage in minimising stress to the animal from handling and safer operating conditions for vets by removing the need for contact with a potentially stressed animal. Figure 4a shows a radar system positioned adjacent to a milking robot as a precursor to integration. The motion of the chest cavity, detected from the micro-Doppler phase is shown in Figure 4b. The motion aligns with the respiration of the animal. These signals have been used to identify respiration and heart rate in humans and it is possible to do so in cattle. This will potentially enable a non-contact measurement of key physiological conditions that relate to animal welfare.
In addition to this, global motion such as that detected during walking produce radar signatures that can be processed to identify changes in gait due to lameness (Busin et al., Reference Busin, Viora, King, Tomlinson, LeKernec, Jonsson and Fioranelli2019). Initial trials of the technology suggest that good agreement exists between observational data and lameness prediction (sensitivity 85% and specificity 81%). Thus, this technology has a range of potential applications within the dairy sector.
Growing adoption of monitoring technologies that furnish farmers with real time information on animal behaviour supports the wide scale implementation of decision support tools. As rural connectivity improves, these systems are increasingly connected to a cloud environment enabling the provision of Internet of Things-inspired solutions and services. We have described the use of heat detection technologies that are now commonplace on farms and have shown that these systems can be enhanced by combining with other sensor modalities. Collar derived feeding and rumination with individual-quarter milk conductivity from milking robots supports the development of more robust detection of mastitis. Estimates of time spent feeding can in principal be used as a proxy for feed intake. A recent study provides a benchmark for the operation of these systems, using accurate measurements of time spent feeding to predict Feed Conversion Ratio. The process allowed high performing and low performing animals to be identified. Translating the process to use collar derived feeding times will support the transfer of this approach on to a farm environment. For dairy cows, integration of feeding times and milk production data with feed composition within a cloud-based environment will facilitate the process. The benefits of IoT-based technology are now beginning to be validated. Further novel sensor developments are likely to augment this to add greater value. We have also described the use of miniature radar devices, designed for the automotive industry, to measure respiration rate within cattle. The same devices can give indication of heart rate and produce signatures that are characteristic of mobility.
The supplementary material for this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029920000680.
This article is based upon work from COST Action FA1308 DairyCare, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology, www.cost.eu). COST is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. COST Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation. The authors wish to acknowledge the support of Innovate UK 10283 CowHealth and Innovate UK/BBSRC BB/M027333/1 PrecisionBeef.

domain: biology


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We arrived at reception some two hours after we were expected around 2am, to be greated with lovely smiles and a quick checkin - everything was organised and there was no hold ups at all - we were in our rooms within 15 minutes of arriving. This efficiency set the tone for the rest of our stay (12 nights in total). My husband and I had a Deluxe room in B block on the top floor and as organised with the staff prior to our arrival My son and his wheelchair bound partner where given a ground floor room in A Block with a lovely outlook. The extra bed for their young son was also there set up and ready for him to fall into.
The rooms where clean and comfortable and serviced daily. Room service was quick and food always hot. Full buffet breakfast was included in the cost which was about $70/night AUD. I found there was enough of a range for me not to be bored with what was on offer and you could have your eggs done anyway you liked on the spot.
The swimming pools where lovely although my preference was for the larger pool - it was never crowded no matter how many people were there.
I found the staff all friendly and always ready with a quick smile and hello, willing to do whatever they could to make your stay pleasant.
Whilst we were there they were upgrading the pathways to match the newer section of the hotel - at all times they were careful not to let this become a difficulty for people staying in the hotel.
They have recently added spa facilities to this hotel which i used several times. I didn't find them anymore expensive than any of the other quality spa's in the area and the 2 hour relaxation massage was brilliant.
All in all I was extremely pleased with this hotel and thank all previous reviewers for their comments which helped us decide to stay at this hotel.
- Reservation Options:
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domain: travel


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With its eerie atmosphere and castle-like appearance, Eastern State Penitentiary is the perfect spooky place to photograph. Learn about an important part of Philadelphia history while capturing the gothic architecture and sunlit cells. During this on-location workshop, students will learn about low light photography by exploring different light metering techniques, long exposure, ISO adjustments, and more.
Tuition does not include the cost of entrance to the penitentiary. Tripods are not necessary for the workshop. If you choose to bring one the penitentiary charges an additional $10.


|City to Repair Aging Sea Wall|
Published: Friday, 13 July 2012 05:09
The city has taken steps to replace the deteriorating sea wall at the foot of Walnut Street. The wall is part of a 101-year-old barrier that once defined the San Francisco Bay shoreline from the southern end of Oak Street, past Walnut Street and on to Willow Street.
After taking bids from three companies the city has decided to award the contract to repair the wall to Engineered Soil Repairs, Inc. of Walnut Creek. If all goes accoding to plan the city will pay the contractor $214,358.40 to complete the work.
The contractor's bid includes removing and replacing the existing wall at the end of Walnut Street and replacing it with a smooth concrete retaining wall with a concrete parapet with minor decorative features.
The wall has been a bone of contention between the city and Walnut Street residents for at least two years. Residents notified the city about the detiorating condition of the wall in 2010.
"The city immediately took action and stabilized the area," Public Works Director Matt Naclerio stated in a March 2011 Alameda Sun story.
The Sun wrote the story ("Time Takes Toll on Sea Wall," March 10, 2011) after residents complained about the condition of the wall and pointed to the "flimsy barrier that the city put up." Money for the project is coming from the Capital Improvement Program Fund and the Urban Runoff Fund with no impact on the General Fund.


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Set in the near future against the background of a British space programme, it tells the story of the first manned flight into space, overseen by Professor Bernard Quatermass of the British Experimental Rocket Group. When the spaceship that carried the first successful crew returns to Earth, two of the three astronauts are missing, and the third is behaving strangely. It becomes clear that an alien presence entered the ship during its flight, and Quatermass and his associates must prevent the alien from destroying the world.
Add this show to your queue to receive more information about
The Quatermass Experiment and we will let you know when it becomes available.


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... more about Hilton Garden Inn Seattle - Issaquah Hotel Customer review rating Hilton Garden Inn Seattle - Issaquah Hotel
9.0 out of 10
Located in Issaquah, Hilton Garden Inn Seattle - Issaquah Hotel is a perfect starting point from which to explore Issaquah (WA). The hotel offers guests a range of services and amenities designed to provide comfort and convenience. All the necessary facilities, including free Wi-Fi in all rooms, facilities for disabled guests, Wi-Fi in public areas, room service, meeting facilities, are at hand. Each guestroom is elegantly furnished and equipped with handy amenities. Entertain the hotel's recreational facilities, including hot tub, fitness center, golf course (within 3 km), indoor pool. A welcoming atmosphere and excellent service are what you can expect during your stay at Hilton Garden Inn Seattle - Issaquah Hotel.
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FOR MORE DETAILS CLICK HERE


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CLEVELAND — Editor's note: the Locked On Buckeyes podcast in the player above is from April 21, 2021.
As the 2021 NFL Draft approaches, one of this year's top prospects has made a notable revelation to teams. According to Ian Rapoport and Tom Pelissero of the NFL Network, former Ohio State quarterback Justin Fields has disclosed to NFL teams that he is managing epilepsy, a medical condition that can cause seizures.
Per the report, Fields' condition has yet to affect his football career and doctors are confident that he will grow out of it. The 22-year-old was initially diagnosed with epilepsy as a child and has seen "his symptoms get shorter and less frequent over time, and he doesn't have seizures as long as he takes his medicine, a source said."
One of college football's top players over the course of the past two seasons, Fields was named the Big Ten's Offensive Player and Quarterback of the Year in both 2019 and 2020 while leading Ohio State to the College Football Playoff in both seasons. Facing Clemson in the College Football Playoff semifinal Sugar Bowl this past season, the former 5-star prospect threw for 385 yards and six touchdowns as the Buckeyes beat the Tigers 49-28.
In a tweet posted Wednesday afternoon, Ryan Day lauded his former QB for "his professionalism and the character he displays on and off the field." The OSU head coach added, "The fact that he never missed a game at Ohio State speaks volumes about how he takes care of himself."
Fields is expected to be selected in the first round of next week's draft. In recent weeks, the Georgia native has linked as high as to the San Francisco 49ers with the No. 3 overall pick.
The 2021 NFL Draft will take place in Cleveland from April 29-May 1.

domain: sports


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I’m going to be adding a page on the blog soon for photographers, but here’s a tip for moms and photogs alike.
If you take a look at your photography, either in your scrapbooks, photo albums or even your digital files – you may notice that they all look similar.
If this is case, you may be stuck in a photography rut – and it’s time to get out of your comfort zone!
If you are taking all close ups, try backing up and getting a full-length shot.
Conversely, if all your photos seem to be from far away, try getting super close and see what happens!
You can also try doing both – it’s called getting coverage. That way if you decide later you want a close-up, or decide you want a full-length, you’ve got both!
If you’re not feeling inspired by what you’ve been taking photos of lately, try looking around the familiar – and seeing it in a new way. If you’re taking lots of photos of your children, step outside and see what you can find.
Don’t be afraid to try something new. It will recharge you and get you taking better pictures. Have fun!
For more photography tips from other great photographers – check out the fab article by Casual Moment’s Pam Nafziger:


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Final word count: 41,580
Words this week: 5,213
Average words per day: 2,607
Well, I can claim that I hit (and slightly surpassed) by revised goal of 40,000 words. I never could quite recover from falling behind as far as I during Week Two. But, of course, I now have 41,580 words in a story that I did not have before November 1st.
During the last day, though, the pieces of the mystery behind the story finally started to fall together. Had this happened last week, it might have given me a better chance to hot 50,000 words, as I would have known where the story was going. (I still don’t know where it’s ending, but at least now it finally seems to have a direction.)
So, until next year: Keep on writing!

domain: literature