'This is huge': Six-lane Bruce Hwy from Coast to Brisbane
A MASSIVE Bruce Hwy windfall has been secured with the Pine Rivers to Caloundra Rd section of the national highway securing $536.4 million in upgrades.
It's believed the funding, as part of an 80/20 Federal-State split, will deliver a six-lane Bruce Hwy from Brisbane through to the Sunshine Mwy interchange.
The lion's share of the $844 million allocated to the national road link as part of the Turnbull Government's $75 billion, 10-year infrastructure funding and financing commitment was delivered in last night's 2017-18 Budget by Treasurer Scott Morrison.
The funding comes on the back of $1 billion already secured for the Caloundra Rd to Sunshine Mwy stretch.
Fisher MP Andrew Wallace said it was a "fantastic budget" for the region and emphasised the enormity of the commitment to the Bruce Hwy south of Caloundra.
"That is huge, absolutely huge," he said.
"The infrastructure is an enormous win for the Sunshine Coast," Fairfax MP Ted O'Brien said.
Mr O'Brien said he understood additional lanes would be created between the Bribie Island Interchange and Caloundra Rd exit.
"The Sunshine Coast has won on this," Mr O'Brien said.
Mr Wallace called on the State Government to fast-track its planning studies of the stretch to ensure upgrade works could kick off as soon as possible.
Sunshine Coast Mayor Mark Jamieson said he was yet to get across the details of the Budget, but was hopeful the funding would be spent to benefit the Coast.
"It's a start," he said.
He was encouraged by the Budget overall.
"It seems like it's a spending Budget," he said.
But uncertainty remains about the future of the North Coast Rail Line duplication.
The Federal Government has promised to deliver $600 million over two years from 2019-20 as part of its $10 billion National Rail Program.
Twenty million dollars has been committed to in 2017-18 to support business case development of rail connections between major cities and regional centres, with the Government to provide up to 50% of funding for development of three business cases selected after Infrastructure Australia assessed submissions.
Mr Morrison identified other projects including Brisbane Metro, Brisbane's Cross River Rail and the Western Sydney Airport Rail link as having potential for support.
While business cases for the North Coast line have already been developed, the project is still seeking funding commitments which appeared to have gone south.
Mr Wallace and Mr O'Brien said they were ready to advocate for the North Coast line, but needed the State Government to make a commitment.
"We can't do it on our own," Mr Wallace said.
Meanwhile Mr O'Brien said he was confident of the $250,000 needed to fund a business case to bring ashore a sub-sea broadband cable on the Coast being delivered "sooner rather than later" despite it not appearing as a line item in last night's Budget.
He said there was "no doubt" of the Federal Government's commitment to the funding and said it was subject to a final sign-off which he expected to happen soon.
"I see no roadblocks," he said.
Mayor Mark Jamieson said he was disappointed to hear the Budget hadn't locked the funding in, but admitted it wasn't a "large line item in the scheme of things" and he remained committed to working with the Federal Government to have the funding delivered.
Mr O'Brien added the extension for another 12 months of the up to-$20,000 immediate asset write-off for small businesses was another big win for the Coast.


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The U.S. economy is in a “post-fact era,” with the government “in charge” of every aspect of life, President Barack Obama said on Wednesday, saying the government needs to be held accountable for its actions.
The administration is using its powers to centralize more and more control over everything, he said in a speech to Congress.
Obama said that a “centralized federal government” is the “worst of all worlds” for the economy, and he proposed a plan to limit that power.
The central government’s role in the economy would be “a little bit different,” Obama said.
He said the government should not have the power to decide what happens to jobs, and instead should be tasked with helping businesses develop the technology to make the economy more efficient.
The central government, the president said, should have more of a role in overseeing the health care and education sectors.
“We need a system that allows the private sector to run the economy.
We need a new system that will allow people to compete with the companies that are already in business in a more efficient way,” he said.
The president also said that the government has been “overwhelmed” with requests for information and that “the vast majority” of requests come from outside of the government.
The government has requested more than 10 billion pages of information about the economy and more than 2 million pages from its own internal records, according to a report by the Government Accountability Office.
But he said that he has been working with Congress on a package of reforms to prevent that from happening.
Obama said he wants to “restore the rule of law and to hold those who break the law accountable for their crimes.”
The president is urging lawmakers to pass his plan.
It would also limit how much information the government can request from the private and public sectors.
The White House said that information requested by the government will be restricted to information that could be used for the purpose of investigating crimes, the creation of new laws or enforcement actions.

domain: topicality


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CHICAGO — Preschoolers pretending to shop for a Barbie doll’s social evening were more likely to choose cigarettes if their parents smoked, and wine or beer if their parents drank, a study found.
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Researchers observing the children’s play found that the ones who watched PG-13 or R-rated movies also were more likely to choose alcohol for Barbie.
A 4-year-old girl chose Barbie-sized tobacco in the pretend store and said: “I need this for my man. A man needs cigarettes.”
A 6-year-old boy offered the doll cigarettes and said: “Honey, have some smokes. Do you like smokes? I like smokes.”
Parents who watched from behind a one-way mirror were surprised by their children’s choices, said study co-author Madeline Dalton of Dartmouth Medical School.
'A very humbling experience'
“It’s a very humbling experience to be a parent and see your children mimic your behaviors,” she said.
The study suggests that prevention efforts should target younger children, Dalton said. It was published Monday in the September issue of Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.
The study included 120 children, ages 2 to 6. An adult researcher led a standardized play activity in which each child, acting as a Barbie or Ken doll, shopped for a visiting friend. A store stocked with 133 miniature items gave the children choices — including meat, fruit, vegetables, snacks, nonalcoholic drinks, cigarettes, beer and wine.
The children could “buy” anything they wanted by filling a small grocery cart and taking it to a small checkout counter.
Twenty-eight percent of the children bought cigarettes, and 61 percent bought alcohol. The children whose parents smoked were almost four times more likely to buy cigarettes. The children whose parents drank at least monthly were three times more likely to buy alcohol.
Children who watched adult-content movies were five times more likely to buy alcohol, but the researchers did not find a statistically significant link between movie-watching and choosing cigarettes.
'Little learning machines'
The study suggests that parents should be careful about the movies their children watch, said Craig Anderson, who studies media violence at Iowa State University. “Kids are basically little learning machines. Whatever the content is in front of them, they’re going to pick it up,” Anderson said.
The children in the study were mostly white and their parents were mostly college educated. Smoking rates were lower among the parents than in the general population, but alcohol use was fairly high, Dalton said. A random sample would have made the findings more relevant to the general population, she said.
Researchers have recognized for years that young children are aware of cigarette advertising. A 1991 study found that 90 percent of 6-year-olds correctly matched the Joe Camel cartoon character with cigarettes in a researcher-led matching game.
The value of the new study is its emphasis on parents’ behavior, said Dr. Joseph DiFranza of the University of Massachusetts Medical School.
“If parents don’t want their kids to be smoking they shouldn’t be setting the example,” he said.
© 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

domain: sociology


Optoelectronics Veteran Named Lumics CEO
Berlin-based Lumics GmbH announced it has hired an optoelectronics industry veteran as CEO and a sales and marketing director to accelerate its growth in the industrial laser market. Lumics makes high-brightness laser diodes for telecommunications and fiber-coupled laser devices for the industrial and medical markets. Bruno Acklin, PhD, is Lumics' new CEO, effective Nov. 1. Acklin brings 15 years of international experience in marketing and engineering management with optoelectronic component manufacturers to his new position. Most recently at JDSU in San Jose, Calif., he directed the development of active components. He developed the high-power laser diode business segment at Osram Opto Semiconductors in Regensburg, Germany, from 1995 to 2000. As a researcher at AT&T Bell and Siemens corporate laboratories, he coauthored 15 patents and numerous publications on optoelectronics. Leading the company's sales and marketing efforts is 20-year international sales veteran Frank Laas. From 2004 to 2006 he managed worldwide sales for Limo; before that he developed and served customers for optical components and systems in Europe and the US for ELS and Newport. Lumics' COO, Karl Eberl, PhD, will focus on production and packaging, the company said, while Nils Kirstaedter, PhD, will continue to lead research and development and chip production as chief technology officer.


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We are deeply sorry for the recent loss of your loved one. Our prayers and our presence are with you and your family members as you undertake the challenging task of making arrangements for the funeral.
We trust that you will find this booklet (pages linked below) to help you make decisions about the funeral. It contains suggestions for the liturgy. We hope this is an easy resource to make selections and to incorporate your own personal wishes and style at this important moment for your family – both in tribute to your loved one and for your future memories.
Be assured of our prayers for you. If we can be of any help in these next few days, as well as the future months, please let us know.
God bless you,
Father Frank O’Rourke
III. Planning the Mass of Christian Burial
3. Music Selections
1. Wake Receptions
2. Funeral Receptions
3. Memorial Masses
4. Special Masses During the Year
5. Prayer Ministry
VII. Grief Support Groups
Bereavement and Grief Support
The Bereavement Ministry ministry is here to walk with the bereaved on their journey by providing spiritual, emotional and practical support to those experiencing grief due to terminal illness, grief during the time of a funeral, and grid following a death. Learn more here.

domain: christianity


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If you find that your dog has a cracked nail, there are a few things that you can do in order to fix it. First, you will want to trim the nail down as much as possible. This will help to prevent the nail from catching on anything and causing further damage. Next, you will need to apply a bandage to the area in order to protect it. Finally, you will want to give your dog a pain reliever if necessary.
3 Steps to Fix A Dog’S Cracked Nail
If your dog’s nails are cracked, there are a few things you can do to fix them. First, trim the nails short to avoid further damage. Next, apply a nail hardener to help the nails grow back strong and healthy. Finally, give your dog regular nail trims to keep them from getting too long and cracking again.
One of the most important things a person can learn is how to take care of their pets. This includes learning how to fix a dog’s cracked nail. When a dog’s nail becomes cracked, it can be extremely painful for the animal. If the crack is not treated properly, it could lead to an infection. Not only is it important to learn how to fix a dog’s cracked nail for the sake of the animal, but also for the owner. A healthy pet is a happy pet, and a happy pet means a happy owner.
Step 1: Dog’S Cracked Nails Can Be Fixed By Trimming The Nail And Applying A Topical Ointment
If your dog’s nails are cracked, you can fix them by trimming the nail and applying a topical ointment. First, use a nail clipper to trim the nail. Next, apply a small amount of ointment to the crack. Finally, wrap the area with a bandage to keep the ointment in place.
Step 2: If The Cracked Nail Is Bleeding, Applying Pressure To The Nail With A Sterile Bandage Will Help To Stop The Bleeding
If the cracked nail is bleeding, applying pressure to the nail with a sterile bandage will help to stop the bleeding. Cut the bandage to size and wrap it around the nail, being careful not to wrap it too tightly. You can then use adhesive tape to secure the bandage in place.
Step 3: If The Dog Has A Broken Or Ingrown Nail, A Trip To The Veterinarian May Be Necessary For Treatment
If the dog has a broken or ingrown nail, a trip to the veterinarian may be necessary for treatment. The vet will clean and trim the nail, and may also prescribe antibiotics if the area is infected.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do You Treat A Split Dog Nail?
If you think your dog has a split nail, it’s important to seek professional veterinary care. Depending on the severity, your vet may recommend a course of treatment that includes antibiotics, pain relief, and rest. In some cases, surgery may be necessary.
Will A Cracked Dog Nail Heal On Its Own?
It is possible for a cracked dog nail to heal on its own, but it is not guaranteed. If the crack is severe, it may require professional medical attention.
What Should I Do If My Dog’S Nail Is Split?
If your dog’s nail is split, you should take your dog to the vet as soon as possible.
There are a few ways to fix a dog’s cracked nail. One way is to use superglue. Another way is to use a liquid bandage. The third way is to use a nail clipper.

domain: pet


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Story | Apr 18, 2014 | 7:12 AM
A collection of news and information related to Theft published by this site and its partners.
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Story | Apr 18, 2014 | 1:16 PM
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Later this month the Friends of the Newport News Public Library will hold its regular book sale at a new location. The group moved from West Avenue Library when it closed to the public last summer and the booksale has moved to to the lower level of the...
Story | Apr 16, 2014 | 3:12 PM
Story | Apr 15, 2014 | 10:29 AM


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AW18 Fashion Week kicked off in Copenhagen, Denmark... and we are totally obsessed with the eclectic mix on the streets.
From the playful colours, to the miss-matched pairing of prints, oversized silhouettes, masterful layering, the Danes sure know how to put-together a rather cool outfit.
How is it possible that the girls manage to pull off such an elegant look, yet at the same time keeping it laid back and casual?
We loved how Darja Barannik paired the Shrimps Resort18 embroidered Hokus coat with cropped white trousers and a bright green bag.
The Shrimps Antonia bag popped up in several street style looks this season. The cream faux-pearl bag has become a wardrobe essential, and has managed to integrate itself perfectly into the chic Scandinavian wardrobe.
Our favourite parisian Camille Charrière was spotted wearing her pearly bag, pairing it with highwaisted flared denims and a chunky knit - the perfect casual chic combo!
The Shrimps Antonia bag has become an iconic Shrimps accessory and an Instagram hit this season. The boxy silhouette features two embellished top handles alongside grid-set clusters of faux-pearls.
Carried by influencers such as Emili Sindlev, Agyness Deyn and that keeps selling out on Matches Fashion. Available in the latest Shrimps Resort 18 collection, updated in a zesty lemon yellow.
Influencer and blogger Hanna Stefansson was seen at the AW18 Ganni show, 'frowing' in almost head-to-toe Resort 18 Shrimps.
Wearing the 1960's style duck-egg blue faux-fur Pyrus coat and pairing it with the baby-blue Rufus gingham dress. Recently also seen worn by actress Zoe Kazan and singer Lady Gaga.
See more of Resort 18 here

domain: design


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Width 132cm, 210gsm
Green inks on Black Tuscany Linen (100% Linen)
This design by Keturah Zimran depicts the natural rock formations (puli) found in and around Haasts Bluff.
This fabric has been screen printed by hand by Published Textiles and Papers, ensuring the highest quality and longevity.
About the printers:
Publisher Textiles & Papers is one of Australia’s leading print houses. Focused on producing original patterns through traditional hand-screen printing methods we create bold and colourful textiles, hand printed wallpaper, clothing and fabric.
Our fabric is printed in small batches and is available in pre-cut lengths on the website, which we update regularly. For larger quantities, please email us to discuss pre-orders.
This fabric is by continuous metreage going up in 50cm increments, priced at $110 per metre.
For 1m, please add 2 x 50cm to your cart and it will be cut as a continuous length ($110 for 1m).
For 2m, please add 4 x 50cm to your cart and it will be cut as a continuous length ($220 for 2m).
For 3m, please add 6 x 50cm to your cart and it will be cut as a continuous length ($330 for 3m).
Tuscany Linen Fabric Care Instructions:
Hand wash, line dry, do not bleach, wash separately, warm iron, do not soak, dry cleanable (P). The ink has been heat set for longevity, however please take care when washing (wash garments inside out if possible).


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Urgent call to help horses
The Horse Protection Association of Florida in northwest Marion County near Micanopy is in urgent need of homes for 14 rescued horses whose owners have health issues and cannot care for the animals.
Some of the horses are friendly and halter broken, but none have had training or ever been ridden, according to association director Morgan Silver. The horses hooves and teeth have been neglected and will need care.
Silver said the mares have all been broodmares and all of the adults are registered.
Adopters will be asked for a $45 donation to cover Coggins tests and to help defer expenses, such as hay.
Prospective adopters should email photos showing where the horse will live, names of veterinarian and farrier, and contact information, to email@example.com.
For details and pedigree information, visit www.hpaf.org or find them on Facebook.


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Second only to financial support, such as spousal support or child support, child custody creates more tension and disagreement than most other issues in a divorce proceeding. Child custody and visitation are closely related as both involve access to the children play an important role in determining child support.
Child custody is closely considered and evaluated by the court. The overall well-being, care and maintenance of the child is the primary concern in all child custody cases. Often in divorce proceedings, one or both spouses try to discredit the other side in an attempt to persuade the court to award child custody in their favor.
St Charles County Divorce Attorney Mike Watkins has more than 30 years of experience in family law. We work diligently to avoid the bitter, counter-productive practices used by many divorce lawyers. we argue your case on the basis of facts and what is in the best interest of the children. We provide the court with financial, personal and psychological reasons in support of your request for custody.
Types of Custody
As in most states, Missouri recognizes two types of child custody:
A parent awarded legal custody has decision making authority regarding medical, educational, and religious matters impacting the child.
A parent may be awarded temporary or sole physical custody but be barred from making decisions only a parent with legal custody can make.
In many cases, parents may share both legal custody and physical custody, known as joint custody. Still, many times only one parent may be awarded both legal and physical custody, known as sole custody.
Our attorneys know resolve matters in a timely matter saves you money. We work efficiently and diligently to represent your needs fairly. Negotiation can save you time and money. We help clients find alternative dispute resolution solutions including mediation, especially when both parties take a fair and reasonable approach to divorce.
Contact us today to learn how our expertise can assist you in achieving your desired outcome. We can provide you with sound legal advice through the divorce process whether in court or through mediation (alternative dispute resolution). Our family law attorney will provide a FREE Consultation to help you understand your options.

domain: relationship


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I think there is another argument to be had too.
Do the games' mechanics reinforce the storyline? A game can have a great story and be put on a high pedestal for that alone.
But in how many games does the story get told by the mechanics themselves?
Using Dark Souls as an example, I have read before that Dark Souls overall mantra is about purgatory. Everything in the game is built to be replayed should you die or want to rest. Everyone enemy stays in the one place, the whole world is in this stasis that the player is trying to break free of. The sense of foreboding is driven not only by the environments, but also by the swing of a sword. The labored approach of the characters animation, the heavy steps and the weighty dulled sound effects also add to the feel of the story the player is telling by playing it. From a visual aspect too, the highest point in the world is pretty and white, the lowest point is lava filled and broken down, all to give a sense that you are working through a reference of purgatory.
But the games overall story is told in snippets of items' flavor text, or the very rare NPC you find. So in contrast to traditional RPG storytelling through exposition, in which many of the greatest stories of the genre are told, we have a story that is great to play.
Compare that to what, in my opinion, is the best game story(Final Fantasy: Tactics) which is told through cut scenes and battle text.
All in all, yes i believe Final Fantasy: Tactics has a better story, but Dark Souls is more enthralling because its a story told by you by playing it.

domain: game


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StreamSavvy’s daily guide for the best TV from January 17, 2017. Stream Teachers Season 2 premiere. Here’s the post with what to watch, why you should check it out, and how to stream it.
Lots and lots of TV today. Most shows are in the full swing of their seasons, but there’s always a little time to check a few new shows.
Teachers Season 2 Premiere
Teachers are people too. No really they are. And that’s what the show Teachers is all about. The TV Land Network has been stepping up it’s game in a big way launching quality content, including launching Teachers in January of 2016. If you’re not up to speed on the show, it’s a refreshingly funny take on the lives of 6 off-the-syllabus elementary school teachers.
The 20-episode second season kicks off tonight on TV Land as the teachers all return from “summer break. Picking up where the first season left off, we get to laugh as Ms. Watson tries a new dating service and Ms. Snap gets the class nobody wants. (TV Land 10/9c)
See all episodes and stream on your iPhone with the StreamSavvy mobile app.
How to watch: you can stream Teachers Season 2 premiere as it airs on TV Land through Sling TV’s Comedy Plus Extra add-on. To sign up for this extra, you’ll need one of the core plans, either Orange or Blue. Then you can add-on Comedy Plus for $5 per month.
To catch up on the first season, you can watch individual episodes or the entire season by purchasing them through VUDU.
The TV Guide for Streaming
Download the one app you’ll need to know what to stream and where to stream it. Watch the best TV with one touch.

domain: entertainment


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What Owen lacks in ears he makes up for in personality. And neck rolls. Affectionate, charming, and just the right amount of cheeky, It's hard not to fall in love with Owen. He is interactive, super smart, and gets on well with all other dogs big and small.
Owen is very gentle and currently lives with seven, yes that's right, SEVEN cats. Owen has been very loved but is needing a new home with another dog for company. Owen is currently residing in the sunny Hawke's Bay. If you think he may be the dog for you then please get in touch with the Levin kennels to arrange a meet and greet.


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Harry Potter star Rupert Grint has taken time off work after being struck down by swine flu, his publicist has announced.
The 20-year-old actor, who plays Ron Weasley in the movies, was ordered to stay away from the set of Harry Potter And The Deathly Hallows after he was diagnosed with a "mild" bout of the virus.
Grint has since recovered from the illness and is now free to attend the world premiere of Harry Potter And The Half-Blood Prince, the sixth movie in the series, in London on Tuesday evening.
In a statement, the star's spokesperson explained: "It has just been confirmed that Rupert Grint has taken a few days out of filming due to a mild case of swine flu.
"He has now recovered and is looking forward to joining his fellow cast members at the premieres this week and will then return to filming directly afterwards. A spokesman for Rupert's doctor has confirmed that Rupert is no longer contagious or at risk of infecting others."
Harry Potter And The Deathly Hallows is currently being filmed in Hertfordshire. The movie, which is based on the final book in J.K. Rowling's hit series of novels, will be released in two parts in 2010 and 2011 respectively.


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S5 Tyler is On Board
May 12, 2021
Brian Tyler to Score new Scream Movie
Composer Brian Tyler has been tapped to score the upcoming slasher movie SCREAM. The fifth installment in the horror franchise is directed by Matt Bettinelli-Olpin and Tyler Gillett; it stars Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, David Arquette and Marley Shelton who reprise their roles from the first four movies. They are joined by new cast members Melissa Barrera, Jack Quaid, Dylan Minnette, Jenna Ortega, Mason Gooding, Jasmin Savoy Brown, Mikey Madison, Sonia Ben Ammar and Kyle Gallner. Tyler previously scored Bettinelli-Olpin’s and Gillett’s last feature, READY OR NOT. Marco Beltrami has composed the music for the first four SCREAM movies directed by Wes Craven.
The new SCREAM movie is slated for release in theaters on January 14, 2022, pending any changes, by Paramount Pictures.
– via filmmusicreporter

domain: movie


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5 Easy Facts About white liger DescribedWhite tiger can be a figure of unlawful inbreeding of orange-colored cats if breeder intends to conserve tigers then Most likely he really should target trying to keep orange cats in lieu of white.
By way of example, in some Canine breed crosses, genes which might be expressed only when maternally-inherited bring about the youthful to mature larger than is normal for possibly father or mother breed. This progress just isn't found during the paternal breeds, as a result genes are Commonly "counteracted" by genes inherited from the feminine of the appropriate breed.[eleven]
Hercules is usually a liger -- the hybrid offspring of the male lion along with a tigress -- who life in the Myrtle Seashore Safari wildlife preserve in South Carolina. He's 131 inches very long, and steps forty nine inches tall at the shoulder.
An experienced writer plus a passionate wildlife enthusiast, who is generally located hooked to his notebook or in libraries exploring about the wildlife.
Generating a liger can be a critical cross-breeding operation. But Dr. Bhagvan Antle and his staff ended up productive in producing the beautiful very little creatures.
“Those people traits manifest on their own in The truth that they like to be from the h2o [a tiger trait] and are certainly social [a lion trait].”
All three holotech armors are offered alongside one another along with a clear stand for Display screen use. This release won't contain the clear Model of your standard Liger Zero white armor and is different from the Blu-Ray Box.
50mph runner… Not only that, but he likes to swim, a feat unheard of amid drinking water-fearing lions. In the wild it's nearly unattainable for lions and tigers to mate. Not simply are they enemies very likely to eliminate each other, but most lions are in Africa and many tigers in Asia. But outstanding nevertheless He's, Hercules is not get more info really special.
Why on the planet are persons so Silly to breed tigers and lions alongside one another even for "business" needs or any function is absurd. It is a fantastic factor you happen to be encouraging a clamping down on this follow and repudiating it.
Most Ligers are established through the accidental introduction of Lions and Tigers in the identical enclosure even though it might take approximately a calendar year for The 2 to mate. Right after mating the male Lion with the feminine Tiger, the Tiger provides delivery to a litter of involving two and four Liger cubs after a gestation interval that lasts for around one hundred days. As With all the younger of other substantial felines, the Liger cubs are born blind and are unbelievably vulnerable, relying closely on their own mother for their to start with six months of lifetime.
The White Tiger is Probably the most multipurpose and adaptable predators within the Asian jungle as they're not only unbelievably brief and agile at operating, but They're also pretty capable swimmers, permitting them to breech purely natural boundaries which include rivers and wetland.
Dr Antle, get more info who set up the safari 31 several years ago and had his initial litter of ligers in 1988, claimed: ‘Persons are getting on planes to fly in to view them.
terminate click here Know of the rumor you want investigated? Push linked inquiry? Lonely and just want to talk? Choose from a single of such alternatives to get in contact with us:
The whole world as he noticed it absolutely was a intense and brutal earth, a planet with no heat, a environment during which caresses and passion and the intense sweetness of spirit didn't exist.” ― Jack London, White Fang

domain: biology


New Delhi: Being a part of the movie where this line “We’ll make him an offer he can’t refuse” was uttered is as magnificent as all other magnificent things in life. From the Godfather to the the Silver Linings Playbook, Robert Di Nero has given up plenty of reasons to love the cinema; not for its unreality, but for how real it sometimes was.
As we celebrate Di Nero’s 73rd birthday, we look back at those moments on screen where De Niro enthralled us and left us wishing that we would have a glimpse of ourselves in his world.
The Godfather II
Watching the Godfather I was not enough, we wanted to have more of that exuberance and style of the birth of the Italian mafia. So in Godfather II, a young Robert De Niro played the role of Don Corleone, and played it so brilliantly that we could not but help emphathise with the ordeal he had gone through.
The Taxi Driver
“You talkin’ to me?” Robert De Niro’s improvised line from the movie the Taxi Driver will forever be etched in our minds. Whenever we look at the mirror, we can’t help but think, “Couldn’t we have pulled it off also?” And the answer is a big “No”.
Silver Linings Playbook
Playing the role of an aging father for a man suffering more severe OCD, Robert Di Nero showed the emotional father within him and brought the reality and the joy of the one of the most beautiful stories in modern romantic movies.For all the latest Entertainment News, download NewsX App


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The Qatar Financial Centre, one of the world's leading and fastest growing onshore business and financial centres, welcomed Zurich-based FinTech Instimatch Global, the leading network for institutional money market trading, to its platform.
Qatar recognises the value of Fintech in the growth and sustainability of the financial sector and has developed a National Fintech Strategy to establish the country as a regional leader in this technological evolution. With a favourable macroeconomic environment, excellent business infrastructure and access to a $2.1 trillion regional market, Qatar offers FinTech companies a lucrative market to grow their business and expand in the region.
Henk J. Hoogendoorn, Managing Director, Financial Sector, QFC Authority said: "The QFC is committed to the growth of Qatar's financial services industry encompassing FinTech, Islamic Finance, Capital Markets and Asset Management. FinTech companies are profoundly changing the way business is conducted in the financial services sector and Instimatch Global is one such company, ushering in services that are more efficient and cost-effective. The launch of this fintech disrupter in Qatar is a welcome addition to the 839 firms currently registered on the QFC platform, and an important development in establishing Qatar as the region's FinTech hub."
Sadiq Hamour, Director of Financial Institutions, QFC said:
The QFC is working closely with government entities and global FinTech companies to advance Qatar's national fintech agenda. The welcoming of Instimatch Global on the QFC platform is a result of these efforts and we are confident that this leading Fintech platform will bring significant contribution to the development of the country's Fintech sector.
Daniel Sandmeier, CEO, Instimatch Global said: "In our expansion internationally, we have found that treasurers want innovation and new ways to optimise money market operations. Here in the Gulf region, with highly developed money markets and pools of liquidity, we think sophisticated treasurers will be interested in the efficiencies and access we can provide. We look forward, with the help of our excellent partners here, to telling our story in the region."
Instimatch Global is at the forefront of disrupting the traditional ways in which money markets operate, providing a fast, secure and user-friendly trading network for institutional clients from diverse sectors. With nearly 100 corporate clients in 11 countries across Europe, the Fintech company's registration on the QFC platform marks its strategic expansion in the Middle East.

domain: geography


text:
Was the Roman conquest of Britain one of prestige or were there pressing reasons for them invading and staying?
Prestige pure and simple
Pressing strategic and commercial reasons
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domain: history


Custom fixtures for every product and application
When a simple arrangement of bars and clamps will not securely fasten products to test equipment, then a mechanical adapter, called a “fixture,” is used to attach the test item mounting points to vibration and shock machines. Since every product is unique, custom-designed fixtures are custom-designed to be secure without interfering with the operation of the product. Fixtures also ensure products are held products at the proper orientation while under test and to better simulate real-world applications.
A customized fixture has several important features and functions:
- Adapt to unique shapes, contours, and mounting points of the test item
- Connect these unique shapes to the vibration or shock machine surfaces
- Transmit vibration/shock energy from the machine to the test item per the intended specification
- Design-out fixture resonances that may dampen, amplify, or distort the intended test waveforms
- Provide test orientations in multiple planes of motion
- Balance and distribute the test item and fixture mass to maintain a center of gravity on axis with the armature
Clients rely on Elite's expertise, design resources, dedicated facilities, and project management to provide turn-key vibration or shock testing in a seamless and cost-effective manner. Well-designed fixtures are an important component in our testing programs and we ensure they are built with the highest quality.
We utilize SolidWorks CAD software to develop and optimize our designs then manufacture the finished unit in our on-site, full-service fabrication shop. Our fabrication shop includes two CNC mills capable of machining material up to 4 feet wide and is staffed by an experienced mechanical designer and a full-time machinst. The entire process is seamlessly coordinated and completed in one location so an optimized fixture is ready for the start of testing.
Contact us for Fixture Design, Analysis, and Fabrication services:
- Describe the test item, i.e. detailed dimensioned drawings, test specification, quantity of samples, etc.
- Provide a SolidWorks compatible CAD file of your test item, i.e. (.step, .stp files, ISO 10303 "Standard for the Exchange of Product model data")
- Or, provide a sample of the test item for our designers to directly measure the shape, contour, and mounting details.


Whatever They Told You About Magnetic Flashlight Is Dead Wrong…And Here’s Why
With no LED battery indicators, you don’t know when you may have to charge the light. The way of installing a rock light varies based on the manufacturing. Rock lights placed in the hood comes in rather useful when ambient light is insufficient and some repair or maintenance work must be accomplished. The red light is fantastic for a security light and night light. Brinyte DIV11 portable hand-held dive light is quite little and exquisite as the body length is simply 146mm and the width of the head is 41mm. For this reason, you can diminish the brightness to conserve battery, or avoid bothering different men and women.
You will know whether the flashlight doesn’t work when you turn it on the very first moment. With more flashlight technology options than ever available on the market, it can be difficult to locate the appropriate flashlight to satisfy your needs. The exact same thing happens every time an individual charges a shake flashlight.
Flashlight is sealed and can’t be opened. The flashlight is a welcome change from the flares of earlier games as it offers a more controlled supply of light which can be active whilst holding weapons or interacting with the surroundings. Tactical flashlights have gotten versatile and will be used for most common tasks, together with self-protection. 1 thing to think about when investing in tactical flashlights is the kind of batteries used to power it. Besides working as a normal flashlight, Klein Tools 56028 has an unbelievably bright worklight built into the face of the head.
The True Meaning of Magnetic Flashlight
Be cautious at garage sales particularly if you’re not knowledgeable about tools. Now you must see whether you have all of the tools you should do the job. Possessing the correct tool for the job makes life a whole lot simpler. When you have gathered all of the vital tools, you’re now prepared to commence the job of fixing your own vehicle. There’s an included magnetic tool to bring the proper quantity of counterweights. Uses a push button switch that you need to continuously press to stay illuminated. The ability to modify the temperature is actually pleasing.
Details of Magnetic Flashlight
Now, you’re not restricted to a particular plug, in a particular space or room. The switch is situated at the face of the LED part whenever I stand the flashlight up. When stowed in the proper port, it may also block the power and volume buttons. Furthermore, the single button was responsive and simple to comprehend. You are able to press the green button to modify the tracking modes. You will also notice the dearth of a power button.
What Everybody Dislikes About Magnetic Flashlight and Why
If you don’t have the capacitor wired correctly, then the flashlight is not going to get the job done. The voltage generated is directly about the variety of turns. A modest rechargeable battery can go a very long way. The electromagnetic charge that is made from shaking the flashlight is kept in a capacitor. To begin with, the situation was designed to be ultra-slim and lightweight. In summary, it is amazingly well built and is one of the better wallet style cases that I have utilized.


PVC Stormwater Pipe 6m Length Crates Perth (BULK BUY)
PVC Stormwater Pipe 6m Length Crate Bulk Pipe - Perth Only
DELIVERY AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST FOR AN ADDITIONAL FEE (PERTH METRO ONLY)
Our range of Stormwater PVC Pipe is offered in a pack of 10 or by crate.
PVC Stormwater drainage system can be used above or below ground to carry rain which runs off surfaces where water cannot penetrate including roofs, driveways and roads to natural water bodies—creeks, rivers and the sea. In some areas stormwater is discharged directly to underground water.
The comprehensive PVC-U stormwater range of pipe and fittings up to 300mm offers a pipeline solution for stormwater applications.


text:
Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Whey Proteins and Peptides
Whey is a natural by-product of cheese making process. Bovine milk has about 3.5 % protein, 80 % of which are caseins and the remaining 20 % are whey proteins. Whey proteins contain all the essential amino acids and have the highest protein quality rating among other proteins. Advances in processing technologies have led to the industrial production of different products with varying protein contents from liquid whey. These products have different biological activities and functional properties. Also recent advances in processing technologies have expanded the commercial use of whey proteins and their products. As a result, whey proteins are used as common ingredients in various products including infant formulas, specialized enteral and clinical protein supplements, sports nutrition products, products specific to weight management and mood control. This brief review intends to focus on scientific evidence and recent findings related to the therapeutic potential of whey proteins and peptides.
No Supplementary Data
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Document Type: Research Article
Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34668, Haydarpasa-Istanbul, Turkey.
Publication date: May 1, 2006
More about this publication?
- Current Pharmaceutical Design publishes timely in-depth reviews covering all aspects of current research in rational drug design. Each issue is devoted to a single major therapeutic area. A Guest Editor who is an acknowledged authority in a therapeutic field has solicits for each issue comprehensive and timely reviews from leading researchers in the pharmaceutical industry and academia.
Each thematic issue of Current Pharmaceutical Design covers all subject areas of major importance to modern drug design, including: medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, drug targets and disease mechanism.
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domain: chemistry


text:
Sierra Leone is launching a re-denominated currency, knocking three zeroes off bank notes but keeping their value unchanged, its central bank has said.
Financial transactions with the West African country have been suspended since Wednesday in preparation for the re-calibration of the leone currency, Central Bank Governor Kelfala Murana Kallon told Reuters.
Keep readinglist of 4 items
President Julius Maada Bio will be the first person to use the new notes at a central bank launch event in the capital, Freetown, later on Friday.
Authorities have said the change will make it easier to carry cash and use it for payments.
It also came amid efforts to strengthen the tumbling leone, which is now fluctuating at about 13,000 to the dollar.
“It is a psychological boost knowing that the leone has appreciated against the dollar, at least on the face of it,” university student Ibrahim Mattia told Reuters.
But critics, including the main opposition All People’s Congress party, said the re-denomination was confusing and added no value.
“So much uncertainty,” said a middle-aged civil servant, Mohamed Koroma. “We wait to see where this cosmetic move leads us to amid the present hard economic climate.”
The denominations of Sierra Leone’s bank notes are currently 1,000, 2,000, 5,000 and 10,0000 leone.

domain: economics


text:
Yung L - Rasta ft Seun Kuti | Download Music MP3
( Download and Stream on TrendyBeatz)
Download Yung L - Rasta ft Seun Kuti
Artist Name: Yung L
Track Title: Rasta
Recorded: 2021 Music
Country: Naija Music
Album Name: Yaadman Kingsize Album
Category: Latest Music
Don't miss this one ''Rasta'' by Yung L featuring Seun Kuti.
Fast and Trending Nigerian artist, Yung L outdoors a new brand song captioned ''Rasta'' as he features Seun Kuti, a Nigerian musician, the youngest son of famous afrobeat pioneer Fela Kuti, who also did acutely well on his part. Released this year been 2021.
Yung L, made up his mind to involve this Popular Nigerian artiste, Seun Kuti on this jam ''Rasta'' as Seun Kuti added some sweet and nice vocals on this tune. Also ''Rasta'' stands as 6th track off Yung L latest album ''Yaadman Kingsize'' which consists of 11 tracks, featuring top Nigerian superstar namely Wizkid, Seun Kuti and many more.
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The purpose of having landscaping for your swimming pool is to enhance the beauty of it. It should feel like a natural environment and not out of place. There are some things that you need to know about landscaping for an inground pool and an above ground pool. If done correctly, you can have nice landscaping that is pleasing to the eyes.
For an inground pool, you have more options because you have more designs and styles to choose from. You can have lights that can be installed underwater. If you choose this option, please have a professional electrician install them for you. As you know, water and electricity don’t mix.
However, with above ground pools, you have limited things you can do; but you can still spruce it up and make it look nice. If you have too many shrubs around the area, you may want to cut them down. The greenery needs to look nice and well-manicured. It has to be appealing to the eyes. The advantage of having this type of pool is it is not as costly as an inground pool. So, you may want to spend more on the landscaping. However, you don’t have as many designs and styles to choose from.
In fact, there are only two pool shapes: round and oval. Even with that, you can use your imagination and work around it. Because this type only requires assembly, you may not see the beauty in the form until you add some landscaping features. If you need privacy, you can have a fence erected. Most people prefer a white one because it’s considered standard. You can also use plants to make it look nice. You can use large pots for shrubs and trees to place around the area. Or if you prefer plants, try some Japanese maples or create a perennial garden.


text:
The tri-national Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS) program is selected as a candidate for next-generation air and missile defense requirements in Germany and Poland.
MEADS is a primary candidate for the German Taktisches Luftverteidigungssystem (TLVS), a new generation of air and missile defense that requires a flexible architecture based on strong networking capabilities.
MEADS is also expected to become the basis of a national defense system in Italy. Formal decisions are expected from Germany and Italy early this year, and a follow-on plan is being developed for transition.
MEADS International will participate in technical discussions for the Narew short-range air defense system of Poland.
The Narew system will be capable of destroying aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles and cruise missiles.
"We have built and tested a new generation of networked air and missile defense radars, launchers and battle managers," said MEADS International executive vice president Volker Weidemann.
"MEADS is now ready for continuation programs in Germany and Italy, and for Poland's Narew program" Weidemann added.
The US Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Command has also held a separate review to respond to interest within the Department of Defense in leveraging MEADS technology.
MEADS represents a $4 billion effort to develop, implement and prove next-generation air and missile defense system technology.
"The nations recognize the need for a more versatile capability in air and missile defense," said NAMEADSMA general manager Gregory Kee.
The Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS) Mode 5 Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) subsystem has received full certification for operation by the United States Department of Defense International AIMS (Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System, Identification Friend or Foe, Mark XII/Mark XIIA, Systems) Program Office. The system is designed to ensure the safety of allied aircrews engaged in combat operations
Lockheed Martin and partner MBDA have emphasized on the development of Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS) technology which will enable Germany to build its future air and missile defense system. "The collaboration between Germany, Italy and the United States on the Medium Extended Air Defense System is a shining example of strength in the face of today's threats," said Lockheed Martin Chairman, President and CEO Marillyn Hewson during a speech she gave at the German Council on Foreign Relations event
The Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS) has marked a new milestone with the successful interception of two simultaneous targets attacking from opposite directions during a stressing demonstration at White Sands Missile Range. The demonstration was part of tests on the systems 360-degree air and missile defence (AMD) capabilities
The first Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS) launcher has been delivered to United States by Germany for integration into a future test scenario. Based on the success of the intercept test last November, Lockheed Martin is planning to use two launchers in the two-target flight test scheduled for later this year
A Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS) Low Frequency Sensor has proven its ability to cue the Multifunction Fire Control Radar (MFCR) in a test. During the demonstration, the UHF Low Frequency Sensor acquired and tracked a small test aircraft and relayed its location to the MEADS Battle Manager, which generated corresponding cue search commands to the X-band MFCR
Germany will delay $4.5 billion ($4 billion Euro) contract with MBDA to replace its Patriot anti-aircraft missile system by Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS)
Poland is reconsidering Lockheed Martins MEADS system and Turkey is also interested in buying the missile system, Lockheed Martin CEO Marillyn Hewson said. “Lockheed recently re-entered discussions with the Polish defense ministry about the MEADS system, but gave no further details
Germany has replaced its Patriot anti-aircraft missile system by the Medium Extended Air Defense System (Meads) developed by MBDA in a $4.5 billion ($4 billion Euro) deal on Monday
German defense ministry has reportedly made a decision to purchase Medium Extended Air Defense System (Meads) developed by MBDA and Lockheed Martin as a successor to Raytheons Patriot anti-aircraft missile system, according to German Sueddeutsche Zeitung newspaper. The decision on Meads will mean the end of the Patriot missile system
Europe has planned to launch a car-sized experimental wingless space plane on a 100-minute unmanned mission, AFP reported Feb 5 2014. The European Space Agency's two-tonne, 5m-long Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle (IXV) is scheduled to be blasted into space on a Vega rocket from a space pad
Lockheed Martin still has a chance in $5 billion missile defense tender as Poland may review its decision to drop Lockheeds MEADS system, Reuters quoted a senior source at the Polish Ministry of Defense as saying. The Polish program is part of its $36 billion military modernizing plan between 2013 and 2022
Falco Xplorer, Leonardo’s Competitor to US Grey Eagle Drone makes First Flight...
Large Utility-Attack Drone Test-flown in China
Sea Ceptor Supersonic Missile Defence System Offered to Indian Navy
Iran Shot Ukrainian Plane Owing to F-35 Scare
Algeria In Talks With Russia for a Dozen Su-57 Jets
France “Obstructing” Turkey-Eurosam Missile Defence System Project: Turkish Official
Junked Railway Rake Mistook for Indian ICBM
Turkey All But Gives up on F-35 Jet Deal, Seeks Alternatives
Several joint production and direct procurement programs could be halted if the US and Europe carry through with their threat...
Sanctions-hit Iran has found ingenious ways to develop military hardware
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly permeating the defence industry to aid and improve human decision-making
Upgrade of Russias Sukhoi Su-30SM fighters to equip them with armaments, radar, sensors and engines from the more powerful Su-35...
US companies sanctioned by China for supplying weapons to Taiwan may be denied rare earth elements (REEs), which have critical...
While the US F-35 stealth aircraft has become one the fastest selling fighter jets in the world aircraft market, thanks...

domain: aerospace


text:
Supporting Nepalese Carers – In Nepal and the UK
Anil Patil, our Founder and Executive Director, was delighted to talk about the work of Carers Worldwide in Nepal at a day organised by Action for Carers in Surrey, in conjunction with Woking Borough Council and the Gurkha Welfare Trust.
The event brought together more than 80 family carers from the Nepalese community in Surrey and was an opportunity to link carers into the wider network of care provision and support. “I thoroughly enjoyed sharing our work at what was a hugely successful event,” said Anil. “It gave a platform for carers to express their feelings and enabled them to meet with other carers in a similar situation, an opportunity they may not otherwise have had.” To find out more about our work in Nepal, listen to Anil’s talk (in English and Nepali).
More information can also be found on the Nepal page of our website.


text:
A Belle Époque diamond brooch, circa 1900. The horseshoe millegrain-set with rose, old brilliant, single and brilliant-cut diamonds, the whole capped by a fan and brilliant-cut diamond surmount, converted from a hair ornament.
Ring Possibly by C. S., Paris, France Date: 19th century Culture: French (Paris) Medium: Gold, silver, diamonds Dimensions: 15/16 x 3/4 in. (2.4 x 1.9 cm) Classification: Metalwork Credit Line: Gift of Susan Dwight Bliss, 1941 Accession Number: 41.84.3
MUSEUM antique 18th C Georgian 18k gold&Diamonds Poison Memento Mori Skull ring


text:
The spokesman for provincial government Abdulhai Khatibi confirmed the incident and said she committed the suicide due to some domestic family violence.
He said the incident took place late last night in Firuzkoh city capital of central Ghor province.
“Having drunk the acid, she was immediately taken to hospital, but she died there,” Khatibi added.
He also said the woman’s husband has been arrested and police has launched its investigation into the case.
According to human rights officials in central Ghor province, these has recently been a concerning rise on the cases of violence against women in the province.


text:
|Publication number||US6004660 A|
|Application number||US 09/041,321|
|Publication date||Dec 21, 1999|
|Filing date||Mar 12, 1998|
|Priority date||Mar 12, 1998|
|Also published as||DE69903718D1, DE69903718T2, EP1064150A1, EP1064150B1, WO1999046120A1|
|Publication number||041321, 09041321, US 6004660 A, US 6004660A, US-A-6004660, US6004660 A, US6004660A|
|Inventors||Alvin Stanley Topolski, Clifford Cheng-Shiou Chang, George Merton Gordon Cumberbatch, David Henry Britt|
|Original Assignee||E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (93), Classifications (16), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention is directed to a composite film structure having superior barrier properties to atmospheric gases as measured by low oxygen transmission together with low thermal transfer to the edges of the film structure. The composite is particularly suitable for commercial fabrication of vacuum insulation panels for refrigerators, ovens and shipping containers.
In the construction of vacuum insulating panels it is well known that a high vacuum significantly improves the insulating properties and the use of a metal foil provides a superior barrier to transmission of atmospheric gases. The use of a metal foil in an insulating composite film, however, inherently provides a tradeoff in properties such as higher weight, thicker film, and undesirable heat conduction along the surface of the film. Therefore, composite film constructions are desired which replace the metal foil in a film composite and yet maintain acceptable levels of impermeability to atmospheric gases. In addition, replacement of a metal foil in a composite film structure with a more flexible element resistant to cracking advantageously facilitates reliable automated production and may provide an equal or even improved impermeability to atmospheric gases.
The present invention is an improvement over Revell GB 2210899, assigned to Bowater Packaging Limited, which discloses metallized plastic film composites having low permeability to gases, moisture and light comprising a thermoplastic film metallized on at least one surface, overcoated on the metal surface with a substantially continuous thin plastic coating less than 10 microns in thickness and remetallized on the coated surface. The preferred metal is vacuum deposited aluminum and plastic coatings include thermoplastic lacquers or inks based on resins such as polyester, nitrocellulose, acrylic, vinyl or polyvinylidene chloride with solvent-based polyester lacquers being preferred. However, the teachings of Revell do not provide a composite film having barrier properties comparable to the composite films of the present invention.
Revell in U.S. Pat. No. 5,021,298, also assigned to Bowater Packaging Limited, further discloses barrier improvements using single vacuum metallized layers applied over smooth thin polymeric layers without the need for any second metallized layer.
The teaching of both of the Revell patents is clearly directed to the improved barrier properties obtained using vacuum metallized layers deposited on smooth surfaced polymeric substrates as alternatives to obtaining improved barrier properties using multiple vacuum deposited metal layers.
The following prior art is generally directed to insulating film composites providing barrier properties to air, particularly to oxygen.
Yoneno et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,594,279, assigned to Matsushita Electric, discloses a vacuum-filled, pliable, heat insulating container containing flaky pearlite particles made from a single layer or a laminated film which can contain an aluminum deposited film or an aluminum foil. The patent discloses a thermal conductivity lower than 0.01 Kcal/mh° C.
Moretti U.S. Pat. No. 4,662,521, assigned to U.S. Phillips, discloses a thermal insulation bag composed of a multilayer laminate of polyethylene, aluminum foil and polyester.
Engelsberger U.S. Pat. No. 4,937,113, assigned to Helio Folio, discloses a multilayer film for vacuum packaging containing a support film which includes a plurality of layers including an aluminum film having a thickness of 7 microns.
Carr et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,018,328, assigned to Whirlpool Corporation, discloses a vacuum insulation panel construction having a plurality of layers of gas impermeable material in conjunction with a metal foil for providing a thermal break. The foil is used on one side of the panel construction and the gas impermeable material is used on the other side to create the thermal break. However, this construction greatly reduces the life of the vacuum panel because the average barrier properties of the assembly include both the average barrier level of the foil and the reduced barrier level of the non-foil material.
Kirby U.S. Pat. No. 5,091,233, also assigned to Whirlpool Corporation, discloses vacuum insulation panels which contain a plurality of layers including a barrier film composed of a layer of metallized or nonmetallized plastic and a layer of metal foil. The patent points out the importance of thermal conduction along the surface of the panels. Inherently, a thermal break is formed as a spacing or gap in the metal foil used in the film composite. This thermal break prevents conduction of heat around the exterior of the vacuum panel from hot to cold side and compromises the total barrier level of the assembly.
Walles U.S. Pat. No. 3,993,811, assigned to Dow Chemical, discloses a thermal insulating panel having a double wall construction composed of a structural plastic material with improved thermal insulative properties due to reduced permeance of atmospheric gases into an evacuated center. The panel material is a thick structural plastic from 40 to 300 mils thick, which is fi metallized (0.0001 to 0.5 mil) and then overcoated with a barrier polymer by latex coating (0.001 to 2.5 mil). The preferred barrier polymer coating is polyvinylidene chloride copolymer. A surprising increase in barrier is reported by overcoating a metal with a barrier polymer as compared with a metallized structure plus a barrier polymer layer. The lowest oxygen transmission rate disclosed for the structure is 0.013 cc/square meter-day-atm.
Accordingly, there is still a need for a film composite which has superior properties to passage of oxygen together with the ability to act as an insulator.
The present invention is directed to a composite film structure containing a plurality of separate layers comprising:
(a) a first inorganic layer having a thickness not greater than 600 angstroms and having an oxygen transmission rate (OTR) not greater than 0.8 cubic centimeters/square meter-day-atmosphere;
(b) a second inorganic layer having a thickness not greater than 600 angstroms and having an oxygen transmission rate (OTR) not greater than 0.8 cubic centimeters/square meter-day-atmosphere; and
(c) a polymeric barrier layer having an oxygen permeability coefficient (OPV) not greater than 1.5 cubic centimeters-25 microns/square meter-day-atmosphere
wherein the polymeric barrier layer (c) is in contact or in substantial contact with at least one of the first (a) and second (b) inorganic layers, wherein the first (a) and second (b) inorganic layers are separated from one another by an intermediate adhesive layer and wherein the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the composite film structure is not greater than 0.012 cubic centimeters/square meter-day-atmosphere and the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and oxygen permeability coefficient (OPV) are measured in accordance with ASTM D3985-81 at a temperature of 23° C., 50% relative humidity and using 100% oxygen on one side of the film at 760 mm Hg (1 atmosphere) and 100% nitrogen on the other side of the film at 760 mm Hg (1 atmosphere).
FIG. 1 represents the layers forming the composite film structure of Example 1.
FIG. 2 represents the layers forming the composite film structure of Example 2.
FIG. 3 represents the layers forming the composite film structure of Example 3.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the expected oxygen transmission rate versus the actual oxygen transmission rate divided by the expected oxygen transmission rate.
The present invention relates a composite film structure comprising two specific inorganic layers and a specific polymer barrier layer wherein the composite film construction provides unexpected oxygen barrier properties compared to the additive barrier properties of the individual layers forming the overall final structure.
The oxygen barrier specifically as described herein is expressed as the oxygen transmission rate (referred to as OTR) as described in ASTM D3985-81 (reapproved in 1988) and is a measure of the quantity of oxygen gas passing through a unit area of parallel surfaces of a plastic film per unit time under the following test conditions:
100% oxygen on one film side at 760 mm Hg (1 atmosphere) and 100% nitrogen on the other film side at 760 mm Hg (1 atmosphere) and is expressed as cubic centimeters/square meter-day-atm. The test procedure is broadened in this disclosure to include inorganic materials including metals such as aluminum.
ASTM D3985-81 also provides a measure of the oxygen permeability coefficient (referred to as the oxygen permeability value or OPV) which is the product of the permeance of the thickness of the film and is expressed as cubic centimeters-25 microns/square meter-day-atmosphere.
In accordance with the present disclosure overall expected barrier of a composite film structure to oxygen was obtained using the following equation: ##EQU1## Crand, The mathematics of Diffusion, 2nd Edition, p. 276, Oxford University Press, London 1975.
In the examples, in demonstrating unexpected results any barrier to oxygen by other than the two inorganic layers and the polymeric barrier was ignored since additional layers were considered to provide substantially no barrier to oxygen passage.
In addition, the oxygen barrier properties obtained by combining multiple layers was generally approximated by the following formula:
y=0.019913 e.sup.Λ (-0.12786x)
wherein y is the barrier expected when two barrier layers are combined;
x is the ratio of the actual OTR/expected OTR; and e.sup.Λ is 2.7183 raised to the power indicated in the parenthesis.
The graph in FIG. 4 was generated using the OTR data obtained from the examples in Table 3 by plotting the expected OTR on the ordinate versus the ratio of the actual OTR to the expected OTR on the abscissa. A mathematical relationship was approximated by a straight line on a semi-log axis indicating that the unexpected results are an exponential function of the expected barrier values. The mathematical relationship between the two variables is defined by the above formula. The graph in FIG. 4 confirms and quantifies the increased unexpected results obtained when high barrier layers are incorporated together in a structure and is expressed as a synergy factor.
The overall composite film structure of the present invention requires two inorganic layers having an oxygen transmission rate not greater than 0.8 cc/square meter-day-atmosphere (0.05 cc/100 square inches-day-atmosphere), preferably, not greater than 0.6 cc/square meter-day-atmosphere (0.038 ccl 00 square inches-day-atmosphere) and, most preferably, not greater than 0.4 cc/square meter-day-atmosphere (0.025 cc/i 100 square inches-day-atmosphere). A preferred class of inorganic materials are metals such as aluminum, nickel, copper, tin, or stainless steel. Other inorganic layer materials include silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide. Each of the inorganic layers has a thickness of not greater than 600 angstroms, preferably, not greater than 350 angstroms, and, most preferably, not greater than 230 angstroms. Due to the thinness of these inorganic layers, a supporting substrate is used in the process of composite film formation. The inorganic layers are preferably vacuum deposited on the support substrate. However, other techniques such as sputtering, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition or laser enhanced chemical vapor deposition can be used in the manufacture of individual metal layers provided the requisite thickness is not exceeded. Due to the required degree of thinness of the inorganic layers, conventional foils can not be used since they are too thick.
The support can be other than the polymeric barrier layers which are adjacent to the inorganic layers. For ease of construction and to introduce further desirable physical properties into the composite film, a separate support for the inorganic layer is generally employed. The support has adequate physical properties to protect the integrity of the barrier layer, including tensile strength, modulus, puncture resistance and flex crack resistance. Preferred support materials include biaxially oriented polyester due to its high tensile strength, high resistance to stretching and high flexcrack resistance. Other suitable support materials include polyethylene, nylon, polypropylene, polystyrene, cellophane, acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol and amorphous nylon.
In the composite film structure of the invention the two inorganic layers are separated from one another by an intermediate laminating adhesive layer which serves to tightly bond the inorganic layers together. Suitable intermediate adhesive layers include solvent based polyesters, polyurethane and aliphatic isocyanate adhesive.
In the overall composite film structure of the present invention the polymer barrier layer must be in contact or in substantial contact with at least one of the inorganic layers. By "substantial contact" means that the spacing between at least one inorganic layer and the polymeric barrier layer is not greater than 0.00025 nmm (i.e., 0.00001 inches), which spacing allows for the inclusion of layers to assist fabrication of the composite or layers to improve the physical functionality of the structure (i.e., optics or mechanical properties).
The contact or substantial contact of the barrier polymer layer can occur only on one surface of an inorganic layer, since the barrier polymer layer does not have to lie intermediate the two inorganic layers. However, in one embodiment of the invention the barrier polymer can be located between and separates the two inorganic layers and can contact surfaces of both inorganic layers.
It is within the scope of the present invention that a surface modifier such as an adhesion promoter or a primer can be employed to increase the adhesion between at least one inorganic layer and the barrier layer.
The polymeric barrier layer that is in contact or in substantial contact with one of the inorganic layers has an oxygen permeation value (OPV) not greater than 1.5 cubic centimeters-25 microns/square meter-day-atmosphere, preferably, 0.50 cubic centimeters-25 microns/square meter-day-atm and, more preferably, 0.16 cubic centimeters-25 microns/square meter-day-atm. Suitable polymeric barrier layers include polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile and combinations thereof. Generally the polymeric barrier layer has adhesive properties to allow joining of the two inorganic or other polymeric layers. However, primers or adhesion promoters can also be used to join the inorganic and polymeric layers, provided that they do not compromise the barrier properties of the finished composite. The polymeric barrier layer, when positioned between the inorganic layers, can serve as both a barrier layer and an intermediate adhesive layer as previously described.
The thickness of the polymeric barrier layer must provide the requisite permeability coefficient of not greater than 1.5 cubic centimeters-25 microns/square meter-day-atmosphere. However, the polymeric barrier generally can have a thickness in a range of 0.01 to 75 microns and, more preferably, in a range of 0.40 to 0.80 micron. Also, in one aspect of the invention, the polymeric barrier layer must be flexible enough to allow the final composite film to be flexible. The rigidity or flexibility will be dependent on the final end use, e.g., a flexible or rigid insulation panel.
The polymeric barrier layer of the present invention differs from the polymeric barrier coating layer described by Revell in GB 2210899, which is metallized on one surface and overcoated with a thin plastic coating. The coating is not required to have any inherent barrier properties and includes water based, solvent-based or solventless thermoplastic lacquers or inks based on resins such as polyester, nitrocellulose, acrylic, vinyl or polyvinylidene chloride, hot melt coatings, extrusion coated thermoplastic resins and curing system resins. The polymeric barrier layer of the present invention differs from the disclosure of Revell since the choice of the barrier material is critical to the success of the invention. Unexpected results of the overall composite film, i.e., an oxygen transmission rate of not greater than 0.012 cubic centimeters/square meter-day-atmosphere are obtained, which lie outside the scope of the teachings of Revell.
The composite films of the present invention, in addition to having excellent barrier properties, have the capability of being formed around a panel structure by thermal welding of a top edge to a bottom edge surface, thereby creating a hermetically sealed structure capable of holding vacuum and providing good insulating capability. To facilitate welding, one side of the composite film, preferably, has a layer of a polymeric sealant material capable of being thermally heat sealed to itself with such integrity so as to maintain vacuum and integrity over time and use conditions of the panels. Suitable sealant materials include amorphous polyester, copolyesters, polyester blends, nylon, polyurethanes and polyolefins, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene vinylalcohol, ethylene vinylacetate copolymer, ionomer and acid copolymer.
To illustrate the invention, the following examples are provided. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
All OTR measurements were made according to ASTM D3985-81 at 23° C., 50% RH using a "MOCON SUPEROXTRAN" with a sensitivity of +/-0.0002 cc/m2 -day-atm. The measurements were made using 100% oxygen on one side of the film at 760 mm Hg (1 atm) and 100% nitrogen on the other side of the film at 760 mm Hg (1 atm). The composite film sample size was 1040 square centimeters (i.e., 160 square inches).
"FILM A" was a Mylar® biaxially oriented polyester film, vacuum metallized with aluminum (2.8 optical density) on one side and solvent coated with polyvinylidene chloride copolymer on the urnetallizd side to a 1.6 g/m2 coating weight.
"FILM C" was a Mylar® biaxially oriented polyester film, vacuum metallized with aluminum (2.8 optical density) on one side and solvent coated to a 1.8 g/m2 coating weight with polyvinylidene chloride copolymer over the aluminum metallized layer.
"FILM D" was a Mylar® biaxially oriented polyester film, coated with polyvinyl alcohol to a 0.5 to 1.0 g/m2 coating weight and vacuum metallized with aluminum (2.8 optical density) over the polyvinyl alcohol coating.
"FILM E" was "FILM D" with 10 g/m2 of solvent coated amorphous copolyester on the unmetallized side of the film.
______________________________________POLYMERIC COATING COMPOSITION USED FOR "FILM A"AND "FILM C"Copolymer (>80%) vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride methylmethacrylate acrylonitrileFillers (<10%) talc and waxesAnti-blocking agent (<5%) glycerol monostearateProcessing aids (<10%) poly(terephthalic/isophthalic acid/ethylene glycol)SEALANT COATING USED FOR "FILM E"Copolymers poly(terephthalic/azeleic(Mixture of copolymers acid/ethylene glycol) poly(terephthalic/sebacicwas 81.8% of total) acid/ethylene glycol) poly(terephthalic/isophthalic acid/ethylene glycol)Anti-blocking agents <20% erucamide, bisoleamide and oleamidetalc <5% magnesium silicate______________________________________
In the various constructions for Examples 1 to 3 additional layers in addition to the necessary inorganic layers of metal and polymeric barrier layer were employed for ease of sample fabrication. Thermal or adhesive lamination techniques were used although other techniques and combinations can be employed.
"FILM C" was prepared by aluminum metallizing one side of a Mylar® LB polyester film using a thermal evaporation process. A roll of the film was placed in a vacuum chamber where it was unwound and exposed to evaporated aluminum which condensed on the cooler film surface. The polyvinylidene chloride copolymer coating was applied to the metallized side by solvent coating. The film was then thermally laminated to a second film, "FILM E", which was prepared as described below.
A polyvinyl alcohol coated polyester film was produced using a 2 layer sequential coating process wherein a polyethyleneimine primer was first applied from an aqueous solution using a reverse gravure coating technique. The polyethyleneimine solution was made at 1% solids by diluting with filtered water. The primer was dried providing a polyethyleneimine coating weight of 0.02 to 0.2 gim2. The primed polyester film was then topcoated with polyvinyl alcohol in a second coater station. Dry polyvinyl alcohol was diluted to a 10% solution using 95-98° C. water and steam sparging to make the coating bath. After cooling, the coating was applied using a reverse gravure coating technique. The coating speed was about 500 feet per minute (160 meters/minute). The polyvinyl alcohol coating was dried leaving a polyvinyl alcohol layer having a coating weight of 0.5 to 1.0 g/m2. The product was then aluminum vacuum metallized as described above on the polyvinyl alcohol side to complete the fabrication of "FILM D". To make the product identified as "FILM E", "FILM D" was coated on the unmetallized side with a 17% solids copolyester solution in tetrahydrofuran. The coating was applied by reverse metering coating at about 700 feet per minute (225 meters/minute) and the coating was dried to leave a copolyester coating having a coating weight of 10 g/m2.
"FILM E" was thermally laminated to "FILM C" metal side to metal side through the polyvinylidene chloride copolymer coating on "FILM C".
In Example 1, a polyvinyl alcohol coating having an OPV of <0.16 cc-25 microns/m2 -day-atm is in contact with a metallized layer. A second metallized layer has a coating of polyvinylidene chloride copolymer. A copolyester coating is added to the bottom as a sealant layer to form an encapsulating pouch. Example 1 illustrates the unexpected low actual OTR measured as 0.00062 cc/m2 -day-atm which is 10.7 times better than the expected calculated value of 0.00667 cc/m2 -day-atm even when two film layers of dissimilar barrier properties are combined.
Example 2 is a two ply adhesive lamination of "FILM A" to "FILM E" with the metal side facing the metal side of each film and illustrates the use of an intermediate laminating adhesive layer.
Example 2 demonstrates that combinations of films having very different barrier properties also follow the unexpected ratio correlation. As in Example 1, a polyvinyl alcohol coating having an OPV of <0.16 cc-25 microns/m2 -day-atm is in contact with a metallized layer. However, different from Example 1, the second metallized layer has no barrier coating and therefore acts as a layer with reduced barrier properties. A copolyester coating again was added to the bottom and acts as the sealant layer to form an encapsulating pouch. The actual OTR of this laminate is 0.00109 cc/m2 -day-atm and is over 7 times the expected calculated value of 0.00760 cc/m2 -day-atm.
Example 3 was made by adhesively laminating together two "FILM D" films, prepared as described in Example 1, with the metal side facing the metal side of each film using an intermediate laminating adhesive.
Example 3 demonstrates that superior barrier properties can be obtained by combining films of even higher barrier properties and gaining even a greater synergistic effect. Example 3 is an adhesive laminate of two identical films, each having a metal layer supported by a polyvinyl alcohol coated biaxially oriented polyester film. There is no sealant layer on this composite film. The composite film demonstrates the barrier properties of the laminate and was not used to fabricate a pouch for the vacuum insulated panel applications. The actual OTR of this laminate was 0.00031 cc/m2 -day-atm and is over 12 times the expected calculated value of 0.00388 cc/m2 -day-atm.
Table 1 lists the thickness and oxygen transmission rates (OTR) for various films and various laminations of films according to the invention.
TABLE 1______________________________________ ACTUAL OTRSAMPLE THICKNESS (CC/SQ. METER-DESCRIPTION (microns) DAY-ATM)______________________________________"FILM A" 25 0.0775*"FILM C" 12 0.0465"FILM D" 12 0.00775"FILM E" 12 0.00775EXAMPLE 1 45 0.00062EXAMPLE 2 37 0.00109EXAMPLE 3 25 0.00031______________________________________ OTR measurements were made using ASTM D398581 at 23° C., 50% RH using a "MOCON SUPEROXTRAN" with a sensitivity of +/- .0002 cc/m2day-atm. *OTR data taken from literature
The unexpected performance of Examples 1 to 3 (Table 1) are illustrative of improvements over the expected barrier properties, i.e., OTR, calculated for each example by a standard industrial method according to the following equation:
TABLE 2______________________________________ ##STR1## Film S Film T Expected OTR (cc/ OTR (cc/ OTR (cc/ square square squareExample meter · meter · meter ·No Film S day · atm) Film T day · atm) day · atm)______________________________________1 "FILM C" 0.0465 "FILM E" 0.00775 0.006672 "FILM A" 0.775* "FILM E" 0.00775 0.007603 "FILM D" 0.00775 "FILM D" 0.00775 0.00388______________________________________ *OTR data taken from literature
Table 3 summarizes the combined data of Tables 1 and 2 along with the calculated unexpected effect ratio of the expected OTR divided by the actual OTR of the composites from Examples 1, 2, and 3. These data are plotted in FIG. 4 and defined by the formula:
y=0.19913 e.sup.Λ (-0.1279X)
wherein y is the barrier expected when two barrier layers are combined; and
x is the ratio of the actual OTR/expected OTR.
The regression factor R=0.964 indicates a strong correlation of the unexpected ratios.
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________ExampleOTR Film S OTR Film T Expected OTR Actual OTR UnexpectedNo. (cc/m2.day.atm) (cc/m2.day.atm) (cc/m2.day.atm) (cc/m2.day.atm) Result Ratio__________________________________________________________________________1 .0465 .00775 .00667 .00062 10.72 .775 .00775 .00760 .00109 7.13 .00775 .00775 .00388 .00031 12.5__________________________________________________________________________
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|U.S. Classification||428/212, 428/457, 428/220, 428/688, 428/195.1|
|International Classification||B32B27/36, B32B15/08, C23C14/20, C08J7/04|
|Cooperative Classification||Y10T428/31678, Y10T428/24802, Y10T428/24942, C08J7/045, B32B27/36|
|European Classification||C08J7/04D1, B32B27/36|
|Feb 1, 1999||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: E.I. DU PONT NEMOURS AND COMPANY, DELAWARE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TOPOLSKI, ALVIN STANLEY;CHANG, CLIFFORD CHENG-SHIOU;CUMBERBATCH, GEORGE MERTON GORDON;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:009740/0967;SIGNING DATES FROM 19980319 TO 19980330
|May 27, 2003||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 30, 2004||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: DUPONT TEIJIN FILMS U.S. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, DELA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:E.I DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:014801/0171
Effective date: 20040611
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domain: physics