A fire hit the University of the Philippines – Diliman Shopping Center (UP SC) on Thursday, March 8, breaking the hearts of students, teachers, vendors, everyone who had memories there.
The sorrow can be felt as people expressed their grief over Twitter because, for them, it wasn’t just a building. It was more than that. It was part of their lives and livelihoods.
The shopping center houses canteens and printing shops, being the pvblic’s very own go-to place for both academic and personal needs.
I kid you not when I tell you that it’s incredibly painful. A lot of our days were spent there. Whether it’s breakfast/lunch/dinner at Rodic’s or shopping for 2nd hand books or photocopying countless readings and finally, waiting for our bound thesis.
We will miss you, SC. 😔 pic.twitter.com/Ng2Sqg42ZT
— da(m)n (@DanandDone) March 8, 2018
Hindi ko kayang tignan yung mga owners and vendors na nawalan na ng trabaho dahil sa sunog sa shopping center. 😭
— Lhyra May Mendoza (@lhyramay) March 8, 2018
First day of class, wala kang index card at 1X1. San ka pupunta?
Malapit na exam, wala kang notes para sa isang lesson. San ka pupunta?
May org event kayo pero nakalimutan paprint yung certificates. San ka pupunta?
Papagawa kang sigsheet. Kailangan naka-bind. San ka pupunta?
— Jael Gonzalez (@gonzalezzdodis) March 8, 2018
The UP Shopping Center is home to thriving business owners, professors, students, and even visitors. Its destruction is a great loss to UP culture and it baffles me how some people in the comments section have found it cause for celebration. Please lang,… https://t.co/hSgf5X3G33
— Shaira Erika Noelle (@senfornolles) March 8, 2018
Reminds me of the time my comparative politics prof got held up in her car, and the first thing she said to the robbers was to not take the bag where her students' papers were. The human spirit always shines through. (PS: We need to help Shopping Center. 💔) https://t.co/yxdW4FCWKO
— Miss R (@plotandpolitics) March 8, 2018
Paalam, UP Shopping Center. 😞 pic.twitter.com/ZPn5GUl246
— arvin oliver ng (@bingineer) March 8, 2018
BeefX has opened its doors to students who need help getting things done with their free printing services starting March 9.
“Let’s help UP stand up from the sad loss,” it added in its statement.
In line with the sad event of the UP Shopping Center fire 😪, @beefXburgers is now offering free printing services at UP Town Center starting tomorrow. This is to accommodate the lost printing services from the 🔥 Let's help UP stand up from the sad loss! #UPFight ❤🙏🏼 pic.twitter.com/fSqQhPivp8
— Big B is now BeefX! (@beefXburgers) March 8, 2018
Be strong for those who need you most.


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What is genomic science?
The Genomic Science program pursues fundamental research to understand, predict, manipulate, and design plant and microbial systems for innovations in renewable energy, insights into environmental processes, and biotechnological breakthroughs supporting the U.S. bioeconomy.
What are the branches of genomics?
Types of genomics
- Structural genomics: Aims to determine the structure of every protein encoded by the genome.
- Functional genomics: Aims to collect and use data from sequencing for describing gene and protein functions.
- Comparative genomics: Aims to compare genomic features between different species.
What are the two areas of genomics?
On the whole, genome sequencing approaches fall into two broad categories, shotgun and high-throughput (or next-generation) sequencing.
- Shotgun sequencing.
- High-throughput sequencing.
- Assembly approaches.
What are being studied in genomics?
Genomics is the study of all of a person’s genes (the genome), including interactions of those genes with each other and with the person’s environment.
What are careers in genomics?
Careers in Genomics
- Computational Genomics and Data Scientist.
- Technology Development.
- Genomics Researcher.
- Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) Research.
- Genomic Medicine Clinician.
- Clinical and Laboratory Geneticist.
- Genetic counselor.
What is genomics in microbiology?
Genomics is a field that studies the entire collection of an organism’s DNA or genome. It involves sequencing, analyzing, and comparing the information contained within genomes.
What is an example of genomics?
Genomics includes the scientific study of complex diseases such as heart disease, asthma, diabetes, and cancer because these diseases are typically caused more by a combination of genetic and environmental factors than by individual genes.
What are the different applications of genomics?
The clinical applications of genomic technologies
- Gene discovery and diagnosis of rare monogenic disorders.
- Identification and diagnosis of genetic factors contributing to common disease.
- Pharmacogenetics and targeted therapy.
- Prenatal diagnosis and testing.
- Infectious diseases.
- Personalised medicine.
- Gene therapy.
What does a genomic scientist do?
As a healthcare scientist working in genomics, you’ll be examining samples of patients’ nucleic acid (DNA or RNA (Ribonucleic acid)) to identify genetic and genomic alterations that may be responsible for inherited and acquired diseases or conditions, such as cystic fibrosis or cancer.
What can I do with a masters in genomics?
With a master’s in genomics, you could pursue a career as a:
- Clinical or Medical Scientist.
- Health Educator.
- Clinical Researcher.
How do microbiologists use genomics?
Genomic analyses are yielding unprecedented insights into microbial evolution and microbial diversity and are elucidating the extent and complexity of the genetic variation in both host and pathogens that underlies disease.
What is the bacterial genome called?
The nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like) is an irregularly-shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material, called as genophore.

domain: biology


text:
Source Package: slgdbm (1.7.1-4)
Links for slgdbm
Please consider filing a bug or asking a question via Launchpad before contacting the maintainer directly.
Original Maintainers (usually from Debian):
It should generally not be necessary for users to contact the original maintainer.
The following binary packages are built from this source package:
- access to GDBM databases from S-Lang
Other Packages Related to slgdbm
- helper programs for debian/rules
- S-Lang programming library, development version
- GNU dbm database routines (development files)
- common build system for Debian packages

domain: library


text:
Distinct Patterns of Picocyanobacterial Communities in Winter and Summer in the Chesapeake Bay
Wang, Kui（Univ Maryland, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Ctr Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA）
Chen, Feng（Univ Maryland, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Ctr Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA）
- 海洋环境－已发表论文
In the Chesapeake Bay, picocyanobacteria were usually 100-fold less abundant in winter than in summer. However, little is known about how picocyanobacterial populations shift between winter and summer in the bay. This is due mainly to undetectable winter picocyanobacterial populations in bacterial 16S rRNA clone libraries. In this study, the winter and summer picocyanobacterial populations in the bay were detected using picocyanobacterium-specific primers and were compared based on the analysis of rRNA internal transcribed spacer sequences. Temperature was found to be the dominant environmental factor controlling picocyanobacterial populations in the Chesapeake Bay. In the summer, marine cluster B Synechococcus dominated the upper bay, while a unique cluster, CB1 (marine cluster A [MC-A] Synechococcus), made up the vast majority in the middle and lower bay. In the winter, the picocyanobacteria shifted to completely different populations. Sub-clades CB6 and CB7, which belong to MC-A Synechococcus and Cyanobium, respectively, made up the entire winter picocyanobacterial populations in the bay. Interestingly, the winter members in subclade CB6 clustered closely with Synechococcus CC9311, a coastal strain known to have a greater capacity to sense and respond to changing environments than oceanic strains.

domain: geography


Micro plastics are everywhere. They have been found at the bottom of the sea, mixed into sand, and get carried by the wind. They have even been found inside us!
A new study in the journal Environmental Science and Technology says it’s possible that humans may be consuming anywhere from 39,000 to 52,000 micro plastic particles a year.
Read the full article here.
Written by: SARAH GIBBENS for National Geographic


text:
Room to Grow in Education Arena
You got The Florida Department of Education last week highlighted the fact that Florida schools had the second-largest per-student increase in spending this year, as reported by a new national survey.
Adjusted for inflation, student spending rose 7.2 percent this year, compared to the 2012-2013 budget year, reports the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a liberal-leaning research organization. Florida trailed only Oregon and increased spending by $263 per student.
Of course, the DOE did not mention that the same report also shows that Florida still hasn't completely recovered from the spending cuts brought on by the Great Recession. The state spends 3.9 percent less — $157 per student — on schools than it did in 2008, prior to the recession.
But the report also provides some relatively neutral context to what is likely to be pivotal debate in the 2014 governor's race. Gov. Rick Scott, who wanted to cut per-student funding by 10 percent in his first budget, is going to talk about the billions of dollars in increases and a teacher pay raise that he promoted in his subsequent year-budgets. Democrats will slam Scott for the education cuts.
"In Gov. Scott's first year, he cut $1.3 billion from public education to fund tax cuts for big companies," said Florida For All, a political group funded by the Democratic Governors Association, which is working against Scott's re-election. "Two years after Rick Scott's massive cuts to education, public schools continue to suffer."
The statement released last week was in response to budget cuts and layoffs in the Pasco County school system.
Yet, the CPBB, which is often critical of GOP policies, puts Florida more or less in the middle if not the upper half of states trying to restore school funding. Here are some more findings:
■ Things could be a lot worse in Florida. The state is one of 34 that have not restored funding to pre-recession levels, but it is not one of 13 that are still facing spending levels 10 percent or more lower than 2008. Oklahoma was down 22.8 percent, the worst, compared to Florida's minus 3.9 percent.
■ Florida is doing better than its other big-state peers. Florida's 3.9 percent drop is compared to 5.1 percent for New York, 10.4 percent for Texas and 13.8 percent for California
■ Florida boosted school spending this year, while 15 states actually saw a reduction in spending over the past year.
■ Florida could be doing better. North Dakota managed to increase its school spending by a staggering 27.2 percent over its pre-recession level. But Florida is not likely to benefit from a shale-oil boom that has boosted that state's economy and revenue.
Another factor cited in the report is that states temporarily benefited from federal stimulus funding that helped support schools but was largely withdrawn by 2011, forcing them to confront smaller budgets.
The CPBB also found an "unprecedented" declined in school employment during the recession, pegging it at a loss of 324,000 jobs across the nation. The loss of jobs, coupled with decreased spending by the school districts, were factors in prolonging the economic downturn, the research group said.
And finally the report made the case why education funding is important to Florida and the other states.
"The deep education spending cuts states have enacted will weaken that future workforce by diminishing the quality of elementary and high schools," the report said. "At a time when the nation is trying to produce workers with the skills to master new technologies and adapt to the complexities of a global economy, large cuts in funding for basic education undermine a crucial building block for future prosperity."
WINNER OF THE WEEK
Charlie Crist. With Alex Sink's announcement that she will not run for governor next year, Crist will become the front-running Democrat seeking to challenge Gov. Rick Scott if Crist joins the race as expected. However, Crist would still face a primary challenge from former state Sen. Nan Rich.
LOSER OF THE WEEK
Household income. As a sign of the lingering effects of the recession, Florida's largest cities rank at the bottom in income levels for the nation's most populous metro areas, according to new U.S. Census figures. Florida's median household income in 2012 of about $45,000 was slightly lower than the previous year. It was more than 11 percent lower from 2000 when it was $50,700. Just seven states have had higher decreases in the past dozen years.
QUOTE OF THE WEEK
"If you're comfortable with mediocrity, fine. I'm not. And I think most Floridians aren't either. ... The simple fact is no one can defend the lower standards that we have across the country," former Gov. Jeb Bush said in defending Common Core education standards that are under attack from some conservative groups.

domain: finance


text:
A Lopsided Rivalry
The truth is that, in economic terms, we are no match. The gulf is startling. Maharashtra, by far India's richest state, is matched in GDP by Congquing, ranked 20th of China's 31 provinces. Tibet, China's poorest province, would be the 16th richest state in India.
Click here for IndiaToday.in’s complete coverage of the coronavirus pandemic.

domain: economics


Even as the coal blocks controversy (Coalgate) refuses to die out, the Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh approved the draft for a Constitutional amendment bill to give reservation in promotions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
The Cabinet, which usually meets on Thursdays, met on Tuesday in Parliament House and cleared the draft. It is indicative of the government’s sense of urgency and purpose. Also, while the monsoon session of Parliament has virtually been washed out (it will formally close on Friday), the government obviously wants to be seen as being sincere in promoting the cause of Dalits and tribals. It is likely that the Constitutional Amendment Bill for amending the relevant provisions in Article 16 for the fifth time will be introduced in the Rajya Sabha on Wednesday amid protests by the BJP on Coalgate.
The Samajwadi Party (SP) was quick to blast the UPA government for this move. Party leader Ram Gopal Yadav termed it as a diversionary tactic by the government when it was facing political heat on Coalgate. “The Cabinet decision in this regard is wrong. This is a ploy by the government to divert attention from the coal scam. Their idea is to fool the people”, he said. The SP has been consistently opposed to it.
The Samajwadi Party was the only one to oppose the idea at an all-party meet convened by the Prime Minister last month on the subject. It maintains that if quotas were to be given to Dalits and tribals in promotion, why not to OBCs (Other Backward Castes) and Muslims, the two social and religious communities that form the base of SP’s strength. Tuesday’s Cabinet decision may sour SP’s relations with the Congress since it reveals a tilt towards its rival, Mayawati’s Bahujan Samaj Party.
The Cabinet stamp over quotas in promotions made Bahujan Samaj Party leaders (BSP) jubilant. Party chief Mayawati claimed exclusive credit and went on an overdrive to garner support. She met two top BJP leaders, Sushma Swaraj and Arun Jaitley, in Parliament House, urging them to put the brakes on their Coalgate protests to allow the quota bill to be passed.
Given the social and political sensitivity on the quota issue, BJP leaders remained guarded in their response. They told Mayawati that they would speak to other leaders in the party and then formulate their response. The BJP does not want to dilute its agenda on Coalgate and continue targeting Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. At the same time it does not want to do or say anything that might be called an anti-Dalit or anti-tribal move.
The BSP chief was not satisfied yet. She wanted the bill to somehow be passed in the remaining three days of this session. She put the onus on the UPA government. If they don’t do it then it would be clear that Congress was “Nagnath” and BJP was “Sanpnath” (the two synonyms for snake). Once she achieved the goal of reservation in promotions for SC/STs, she said she would not mind the quota to be extended to Other Backward Castes, religious minorities and economically weaker sections among the Upper Castes.
It’s a politically tricky issue that most mainstream political parties want to avoid. But dictated by the compulsions of vote-bank politics, and with assembly elections due in seven important states over the next 12 months, senior leaders of these political parties either remain silent or support the quota proposal.
A senior BJP leader, requesting anonymity, said the proposal for this bill must not be supported. Quota in promotion was not justified. More so because its long-term implications are unhealthy both for administration and governance. But that certainly could not be their public view, he said.
Mayawati has been at the forefront asking for a constitutional amendment. The problem arose after the Supreme Court, on 27 April, in a case involving the UP Power Corporation Ltd, struck down a provision for reservation in promotions to SCs and STs in UP.
The Prime Minister made his intentions clear in last month’s all-party meet convened to discuss the issue. He had asked the parties to provide “valuable suggestions so that a legally sustainable solution may be arrived at”.
Your guide to the latest cricket World Cup stories, analysis, reports, opinions, live updates and scores on https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019.html. Follow us on Twitter and Instagram or like our Facebook page for updates throughout the ongoing event in England and Wales.
Updated Date: Sep 04, 2012 16:18:18 IST


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If you haven't yet purchased your bathing suit for the summer, then browse our brief overview of the latest trends in Swimwear Fashion 2011 for both women and men.
For men, board shorts that are just above the knee are not only still in vogue, but seem to be making a comeback!
More on this inside Men Swimwear 2011
As for women beachwear, one-piece models (wrongfully labeled as being more conservative), have also recently made a strong comeback!
More on this topic inside Women Swimwear 2011.
How about you, what styles do you prefer on both men and women? …and what models are the most popular in your country?
This Article was prepared by Fanoos.com
All copyrights are reserved to the Author of the Article

domain: fashion


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Photo model of beautiful girls face
Image is in public domain, not copyrighted, no rights reserved, free for any use. You can use representation for any individual and transaction use without the prior left-slanting permission and without fee or obligation.Karina. Age: 23. hi guys,im karina,a independent compagnion for generous and inteligent gentlemens...
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Beautiful Faces of Girls Photos | Incredible Snaps
You have seen some beautiful faces in astounding snaps which are really breathe taking but now these photographs are one stair beyond that. We feel that, it is our great pleasure to share the photographs of these beautiful faces of girls with you all. These collections are very amazing and the inheritance of the photographs are meet stunning.
Free picture: beautiful girl, photo model, portrait, blonde hair, woman, face

domain: beauty


iron ore grinding mill data
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|From:||GARCIA ALVAREZ, ANA|
|Subject:||[Paparazzi-devel] re: SBAS|
|Date:||Mon, 14 Mar 2011 09:08:46 +0100|
We finally found out the problem was related to the proximity between the gps receiver and the modem due to a recent onboard hardware modification. Now they are about 15cm away one from another and we have good accuracy again. (still not tried SBAS).
We are experiencing rc issues(in the GCS can see ok but not the hole square green, then lost, none, ok…)not always but really frequently. What could the interferences come from(I suppose it is an interference problem)? The rc receiver is alone 20cm away from the ap/modem, maybe near the opto-ESC(the same airframe wall, ESC outside, receiver inside). It is futaba 35Mhz with the antenna extended along the fuselage. Could the problem be in the rc transmitter or onboard?
We are thinking about sending the rc commands via the modem(which has never failed for us), not rc tx/rx. Is it a good solution or has it any disadvantage? Is anybody doing this yet? Any previous work related? I’ll take a look to the joystick messages from previous weeks.
|[Prev in Thread]||Current Thread||[Next in Thread]|


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I mean, look at those eyes. Maze games are easy when you can move to all directions, anyone can do that! But what if you can only turn in one direction?!Tap anywhere on the screen and the blue dot will turn right. Animal Flow is easy to learn and control, but can be challenging as you advance in levels.
- Amazing and simple to use game for everyone.
Flappy Fly urgently need your help! There are a lot of flowers which should be collect to improve her health! But you need to avoid collisions with the stones which may damage flappy fly. Defend your country against a enemy missile attack. CONTACT US! With any questions or comments, please feel free to send us an email: info@catmoonproductions.
Make the most out of two minutes. But be careful, if you draw the line in the wrong spot or at the wrong angle, then you might just end up cracking the egg and losing out on a delicious breakfast! Avoid obstacles and try to beat your friends scores !Have Fun!What's new in this version:- Improved fluidity- Less ads- Bug fixes
Lil Fish has escaped the grasp of Francis the Shark! His escape has made him tired, and he needs your help to make it through the minefield.
Connect and explode with hours of fun in this highly addictive strategy puzzle game! While fast pasted and relaxing at the same time, come play the multiple levels this cage match of dots fun that Planet Wars has to offer! Socially share your scores on Facebook and Twitter with each level you pass, and challenge your friends instantly to join in the fun if they dare! Make no mistake about it you will get lost in this game and wonder where the hours went so proceed with CAUTION! The simple game play is easy to follow and excel at, and is fun for all ages.
Capture valuable power-ups in your quest to save mankind!Features: * Multiple levels of excitement * Awesome animations * Optimized performance * Smooth and polished gameplay * Exciting music tracks Fling that rope and swing away!Install Now Before The Price Goes Up! +++++ Angry space monsters and their spaceships are attacking you in your spaceship jet.+ HEY WATCH OUT!!! + Are you cut out to man an attack helicopter??? The world is counting on you and your piloting skills! Test your skills in Helicopter flying as you and fight the man and collect points in this intense adventure! Beat your friends for countless hours of free fun. The objective is help a small mouse fly without hitting any obstacles, play it! it is very difficult!you can tap screen to make mouse fly!What's new in this version:fix a bug Get as much highscore as you can.
this is for middle level players.

domain: game


text:
The Charlwood Wall Paintings
Depicting our medieval past
The History of the Wall Paintings
The Story of St Margaret
St Nicholas and the Butcher
The Three Living and the Three Dead
The lower painting is of the Three Living and the Three Dead. This story is taken from an old French moralité written c.1290. It relates how three noble youths hunting in a forest are met by three hideous spectres, images of death, from whom they receive a lecture on the vanity of human grandeur. The skeletons say: ‘As you are, we were; as we are, you will be.’
This subject is found in fourteen other churches in England, but this is the only one where the princes, wearing crowns, are on horses. Two of the princes have hawks on their wrists. It was much in use at the time of the Black Death in 1348 but the Charlwood picture may have been painted before then.

domain: painting


text:
Scuba diving is the sport of swimming underwater with specialized equipment that make it possible to breath underwater. The term "scuba", sometimes written as SCUBA, is an acronym for Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus.
Even with proper equipment and clear conditions, humans cannot see as far in water as they can in air. Multiple factors impact overall visibility in water including refraction, desaturation, and turbidity. Visibility is typically expressed in feet or meters. Less visibility means increased danger from disorientation or from buddies becoming separated.
Objects underwater appear about 25% closer and 33% larger when viewed through a dive mask due to refraction. This can cause objects to be just out of reach when attempting to grasp them, despite appearing within reach.
Water desaturates sunlight, meaning colors are absorbed and become less visible as depth increases. Longer wavelength colors, starting with red, are the first to be absorbed at shallower depths followed by shorter wavelength colors as depth increases. At a depth of about 30 meters (roughly 98 feet) very few colors other than shades of blue and grey are visible to the human eye. Flashlights can therefore be useful to divers even during the day.
Turbidity is the quality of being cloudy or opaque due to particles suspended in the water, such as sand, mud, and algae. Turbidity can also influence desaturation. The greater the turbidity of the water, the more quickly colors are absorbed. The content of the suspended particles can also impact the visible color spectrum; for example, algae often shades objects in the water green. Shallow turbid water can therefore sometimes appear to have less color than deep, clear water.
Sounds typically heard while scuba diving include your own breathing, boats passing overhead, and clicks from fish that are feeding. Sound travels roughly 4 to 5 times faster underwater than it does through air due to waters density, which is roughly 800 times that of air. This makes the directionality of sound difficult to discern because sound waves arrive at both ears at virtually the same time. This can lead to danger, particularly because of the difficulty in determining the location and direction of boats operating nearby. Thus, the best thing to do while underwater and hearing a boat is to stay underwater at a safe depth away from the surface until the boat is no longer audible.
The air we breath is primarily composed of about 79% nitrogen () and 21% oxygen (). The air compressed in a scuba tank contains the same ratio of nitrogen and oxygen. When we breath, our lungs replace carbon dioxide in our blood with oxygen from the air we've inhaled to participate in metabolic functions. However, the nitrogen you breath is absorbed into your blood and tissues. Under pressure, your body will absorb greater amounts of nitrogen; thus the longer and deeper you dive, the more nitrogen you will absorb.
During ascension, the nitrogen that has dissolved into your tissue expands, re-enters your blood stream, and travels back to the lungs. As you breath out, the nitrogen is expelled until your body returns to a normal state. This process can continue after you've reached the surface, and takes roughly 24 hours before fully normalized. Thus back-to-back dives that occur in under a 24 hour period can slowly increase your overall nitrogen absorption.
Excessive nitrogen absorption can cause decompression sickness (DCS), also known as the bends, which is the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the blood. The faster a diver ascends, the more likely it is for these bubbles to form. Symptoms of decompression sickness include fatigue, clouded thinking, muscle and joint aches, vomiting, weakness, poor balance, vertigo, skin rash, coughing up blood, and paralysis. Severe cases can be lethal. Though symptoms tend to begin within 15 minutes to 12 hours after diving, they may take up to 48 hours to appear.
Preventing decompression sickness
DSC can be prevented by limiting the amount of time spent underwater according to dive tables. Dive computers will automatically estimate nitrogen absorption as well, and alert divers to the possibility of excessive nitrogen absorption. It's important to note, however, that dive tables and computers only estimate nitrogen absorption and other factors, such as dehydration, drug use, water temperature, dive altitude, and repetitive dives can increase the rate of absorption in ways that are unlikely to be factored into these estimates.
Some general tips to prevent decompression sickness:
- Remain within the limits of your dive computer's estimation. If your buddy's computer shows different levels than yours, always go by the more conservative of the two estimates.
- Pause during ascension. While ascending, pause the ascension for 3-5 minutes every 3-6 meters.
- Limit multiple ascents/descents. An ideal dive consists of one descent and one slow ascent (with pauses).
- Avoid fatigue, cold, and dehydration. These conditions all increase the risk of DCS.
- Don't fly within 12-18 hours of diving.
First-aid for DSC is to administer oxygen and to call emergency medical services. Further treatment involves recompression in a hyperbaric chamber.
Nitrogen narcosis is a temporary condition that causes impaired judgement when a diver is exposed to excessive nitrogen. Symptoms include euphoria or anxiety, similar to a drug induced "high". As with drugs, a divers ability to think clearly and act rationally is impaired, even though the diver may not realize it while it is happening. This impairment can be extremely dangerous, especially while underwater.
Nitrogen narcosis susceptibility varies from person to person and is most likely to occur at depths below 30 meters; however, narcosis can still occur at shallower depths. Inexperienced divers are advised to limit the depth of their dives to about 20 meters to avoid narcosis until they gain more experience and training.
Narcosis wears off quickly upon ascent. Thus, if you suspect you or your buddy is experiencing narcosis, ascend until the effects are no longer felt.
Though it's standard practice for professional dive operators to have the air quality of their compressors regularly tested by an independent lab, there is always a chance that something will go wrong when filling a scuba tank with compressed air. Prior to a dive, always smell the air in the tank and do not use air that has a color, odor, or taste.
Despite this precaution, contamination may occur unnoticed. For example, exhaust from a gas-powered compressor may be accidentally sucked in to the intake and cause dangerous levels of carbon monoxide () to enter the tank. Carbon monoxide is hard for a diver to detect because it is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. In cases of contamination, it might not be until after the dive has begun that issues start to show. Signs of poisoning include headache, nausea, confusion, and unconsciousness. In extreme cases, the lips and fingernail beds will turn bright red.
poisoning can ultimately prove fatal if not addressed right away. Therefore, it's important to abort the dive and ascend right away if any warning signs occur. Once at the surface, breath air and seek oxygen treatment if available. If symptoms do not clear up quickly, it is important to get medical attention.
Body temperature underwater
Water conducts heat away from the body approximately 25 times faster than air, which is why a comfortable air temperature can feel uncomfortably cold in water at the same temperature. A wetsuit is therefore recommended for thermal protection in water temperatures under 30° celsius or 86° fahrenheit.
Thermoclines are abrupt changes in temperature between layers of water. They are formed because cold water is denser and tends to sink under warmer water when not mixed by currents and other forces. Thicker wetsuits are needed for colder temperatures, so knowing water temperatures at different depths can be an important factor in planning a scuba diving trip.
Tides and scuba diving
Tides are the periodic rise and fall in water level caused by the gravitational pull of the moon on large bodies of water. Depending on the tide, a dive site may be significantly shallower or deeper than it was on a previous visit. Tides also cause changes in currents that impact visibility and can make dive sites difficult or dangerous. The safest time to visit a dive site is generally during a slack tide which is the period between high and low tide and therefore usually the least amount of current. Tide tables, which detail the times for high and low tides and related water conditions throughout the day, are typically available in daily marine reports online from local news sources
Currents and scuba diving
Currents are the directional movements of water through a surrounding body of water in which there is less movement. A current can dangerously overpower a diver and carry them away, but can also be useful with appropriate planning. Drift diving is the practice of scuba diving while intentionally allowing the current to carry the diver from their entry point to a planned exit point some distance away.
Types of currents
There are several types of currents that divers encounter. Permanent offshore currents are currents that flow continuously in one direction, such as the North American Gulf Stream. However, divers are most often affected by longshore and rip currents.
Longshore currents are currents that run parallel to the shoreline and are generally caused by waves that approach the shore at an angle and influenced by tides and proximity to other currents. These influences can cause longshore currents to sometimes reverse direction, so awareness and careful planning are important when dealing with longshore currents. As indicated by the name, longshore currents can span long distances; thus when planning, the entry point of a dive in a long current should be well upstream of the planned exit point.
Rip currents are narrow flows of fast-moving water that usually run perpendicular to the shore. These currents are known for quickly pulling beach-goers, swimmers, and divers out to sea. Rip currents are formed by water flowing through the narrowing of passageways the water flows through, such as between sandbars or breaks in a coral reef. The best way to get out of a rip current is to swim parallel to the shore until free of the current.
Waves, surf, and scuba diving
Waves form as wind pushes on the surface of the water. As waves travel and encounter shallower water, the wave is lifted while the bottom of the wave slows down. As the wave steepens and the bottom slows, surf is formed when the wave topples over and "breaks" near the shoreline. Fetch is the measure of how long and hard the wind blows across the water unobstructed and is the main factor in the size of the wave and resulting intensity of the surf. Surf entry should not be attempted by scuba divers without special training.
Waves mostly affect divers near the surface, such as during shore dives or when getting on or off a boat, or in shallow water when they cause surge. Surge is the back-and-forth motion of water caused by waves overhead. If a surge is strong, divers are involuntarily moved by the motion of the water and have little control over the direction in which they move. To avoid the danger of being thrown against rock or coral formations during intense surge, it's best to move to deeper water where surge is less severe.
Diving with aquatic life
As long as they are out of arms reach, underwater animals tend to ignore humans; unlike on land where most animals will flee or avoid human presence. This ability to get close when diving means divers must take special care not to disturb or disrupt wildlife. A diver should therefore be aware of where their body and equipment are in proximity to their surroundings at all time to avoid disturbing the underwater environment. This means not stirring up sediment and taking care not to let equipment make contact with the environment; even a slight touch can harm some of the delicate creatures that live underwater.
Injuries from aquatic life
Staying mindful and avoiding unintentional contact with surroundings also helps avoid injury to the diver from cuts, snags, and dangerous wildlife. Some aquatic animals, such as jellyfish or fire coral, have nematocysts, which are cells that produce toxins that, when touched, can cause symptoms ranging from a mild sting to intense pain, anaphylactic shock, or paralysis. In addition to avoiding direct contact with surroundings, divers can wear full length exposure protection.
Some animals, like scorpion-fish and lion-fish, have poisonous spines that can cause serious injury or even death. These animals do not attack divers; however, due to their camouflage, they are easy to make contact with accidentally.
Despite being one of the greatest fears while diving, attacks from sharks, eels, and barracudas are one of the least likely causes of injury. Even then, "attacks" are not territorial or aggressive; they are usually either defensive or due to mistaken identity. To avoid attacks, divers should not feed, corner, grab, or act aggressively toward any animal. This includes not putting hands blindly into holes or around corners. Jewelry and loose clothing should also be avoided because they can easily be mistaken for a flailing fish.
Physical forces at play when scuba diving
In scuba diving, buoyancy is the upward force that water exerts on a diver. Objects that displace a greater weight of water than the object weighs will float, such as a boat, and are said to have positive buoyancy. Objects that displace a lesser weight of water than the object weighs will sink, such as a rock, and are said to have negative buoyancy. An object that displaces water equal to the weight of the object itself will not float or sink, and thus has neutral buoyancy.
Divers adjust their buoyancy using a buoyancy control device (BCD) to control the depth of their dive while in the water. For example, a diver will maintain positive buoyancy to rest on the surface, while a negative buoyancy is used descend. The majority of time during a successful dive is spent at a neutral buoyancy, which allows the diver to "hover" and swim easily through the water.
Notably, salt water weighs more than fresh water and thus divers will find that they are more buoyant in salt water. Divers therefore require more weight when diving in salt water than in fresh water.
Pressure refers to the physical force an object exerts on something it is in contact with. For a scuba diver, pressure usually refers to the weight of the water they are submerged in. Ambient pressure is the pressure of the surrounding medium or, again for divers, the surrounding water.
A vertical column of air that is the height of the atmosphere at sea level will weight roughly ; this is referred to as 1 bar or 1 atmosphere (asm). A similar column of air at weighs just under .
Scientifically speaking, ; however, in scuba diving they tend to be used interchangeably.
The same volume of water is approximately 800 times heavier than air. As a diver descends, the weight of the water above them increases rapidly. A () column of water weighs as much as a column of air (with the same diameter) that extends all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Thus every deeper a diver swims is adds about of pressure.
Boyle's law: Volume and density
Atmospheric pressure refers to the ratio of weight to volume of air at a given pressure, and is most commonly measured in pounds per square inch (PSI). The PSI of air at (sea level) is because the weight of a column of air weighs about .
As depth increases, so does the atmospheric pressure. According to Boyle's law, the same mass of air will take up less volume and become more dense as depth increases. The relationship between volume and density is inverse; thus if the density doubles the volume is halved for the same quantity of air; if the density is halved then the volume is doubled.
This is important for divers to remember because the volume of our lungs does not change when diving, but the density of the air we breath does. The implication is that the deeper you dive, more air you require. A dive at is at of pressure; the air you breath is thus twice as dense as it is at a depth of / and thus requires twice as much air for the same amount of time. Put another way, a scuba tank that lasts 1 hour at the surface will only last 30 minutes at , 20 minutes at , and 15 minutes at .
Equalization is the processes of maintaining equilibrium between the body and the ambient pressure. Despite the enormous pressure exerted by water while diving, the body will naturally maintain equilibrium with the surrounding water as long as it has time to adjust gradually. This is because the body primarily consists of solids and liquids that are relatively incompressible, distribute pressure evenly, and "push back" with a force equal to the ambient pressure.
The parts of the body that contain air, such as the lungs, sinuses, and ears, remain in balance as long as the air they are filled with air at ambient pressure. As long as the pressure of air in the body is equal to the ambient pressure, it "pushes back" on the ambient pressure with equal force, thus maintaining equilibrium. Scuba equipment works by providing air that is always at the ambient pressure, regardless of depth.
Divers may experience pain in the middle ear when outside pressure is greater than the pressure inside the ear. If not equalized, this pressure can lead to a series of injuries, collectively called ear squeeze. Ear squeeze can range from excessive stretching of the eardrums to tears and ruptures that allow water into the middle ear which affects balance and can increase the risk of infection. While middle ear damage is usually able to heal, the inner ear can be affected in extreme cases and lead to permanent hearing loss and trouble balancing.
The valsalva maneuver is the most common method to equalize the ears and is accomplished by pinching the nose to block the flow of air while gently blowing out through the nose. This forces equalized air through the eustachian tubes and into the middle ear. Swallowing, yawning, and wiggling your jaw may also work.
It's best to equalize before any discomfort is felt, usually about twice for every two to three meters of decent, even if you don't feel you need to. If you are unable to equalize comfortably, it's important to stop and wait until you can before continuing to descend.
There should be no need to explicitly equalize the sinuses because the passageways to sinus cavities allow the free transfer of air and pressure from surrounding areas of the body. However, colds and sinus congestion can block these passageways and block equalization, initially causing pain, then causing the sinuses to fill with blood and mucus, a condition called sinus squeeze. There is no way to equalize sinuses while underwater, thus anyone experiencing the initial symptoms should abort the dive before further damage is caused.
To prevent sinus squeeze, some divers take decongestants prior to diving. However, this is generally cautioned against because the medication may wear off while the diver is still underwater, causing the sinus passageways to swell shut and prevent equalization on ascent; this is referred to as a reverse block.
The artificial air pocket between your mask and face must also be equalized during descent. The mask can be equalized by gently breathing out through your nose every few feet during descent.
When ascending, expanding air typically escapes from the ears, sinuses, and mask without the need for intervention by the diver. A reverse block occurs when the expanding air cannot escape. Though uncomfortable and sometimes painful, reverse blocks are usually less severe than other equilibrium issues. In the event of a reverse block, descend until the pain subsides, yawn and swallow to stretch the eustachian tubes, then slowly attempt the ascent again.
The danger of rapid ascension
Recall that Boyle's law states that volume and density are inversely proportional. When descending, equalization is necessary to prevent the reduction of volume from crushing the air pockets inside our bodies, particularly in the middle ear, and causing injury. Conversely, when ascending, equalization is required to prevent over-expansion of these air pockets as air volume increases.
The worst case scenario of rapid ascent is fatal over-expansion of the lungs. Over expansion of the lungs can occur in just of water. This is why "the number one rule of diving" is to breath continuously and never hold your breath.
Another danger associated with rapid ascension is arterial gas embolism (AGE), or air embolism, which is caused by air bubbles that block blood flow to the brain. This can result in unconsciousness, paralysis, or even death. Victims of an air embolism should be given oxygen as first-aid and taken to a hospital immediately.
Chest pain, difficulty breathing, excessive fatigue, nausea/vomiting, or unconsciousness in someone that has just ascended should result in immediate medical assistance. Most symptoms show within a few minutes of surfacing.
Casual divers often rent their equipment, however it's generally advised that each diver purchase their own fins, mask, snorkel, and wet suit boots to ensure proper fit and comfort on every dive. Additional gear can be easily rented and includes; a buoyancy control device (BCD), weight belt, tank, exposure suit, and regulator.
After each dive, all equipment should be rinsed free of saltwater, mud, sediment, and other contaminants that can cause damage or corrosion. Equipment should be completely dry before being put away, and stored in a cool dry place away from direct sunlight.
Masks should be put in a protective case (usually with the snorkel detached) to prevent damage, especially while carrying or traveling. Fins should be stored without any bends, which could become permanent, and often include inserts to keep the foot pockets from sagging or otherwise deforming.
- Dive skins are lightweight, stretchy exposure suites. They offer basic protection from sunlight and the stings and abrasions that can result from contact with objects and wildlife underwater. They also offer minimal thermal protection when used alone, but this can be enough in particularly warm/tropical waters. Dive skins are often worn under wet suits to make putting them on easier and reducing the flow of cold water through the suit.
- Wetsuits are somewhat thicker than dive skins and generally made of neoprene foam, which is a poor conductor and thus a good insulator. Depending on thickness and other accessories, wetsuits - along with wetsuit hoods, boots, and gloves - can provide thermal protection for water temperatures down to about 10° C or 50° F.
- Drysuits are used for colder water and seal at the neck and wrists to keep water out and the diver surrounded by a layer of air, which is an effective insulator against cold. Dry suits are generally used in water temperatures below 10° C (50° F). Drysuits require specialized training to use effectively.
Exposure suit comfort ranges
Though these ranges may vary by individual tolerance, they should be accurate for most people:
|Max temp||Min temp||Suit recommendation|
|>= 30° C (85° F)||27° C (80° F)||3mm wet suit|
|27° C (83° F)||24° C (75° F)||5mm wet suit|
|25° C (77° F)||12° C (55° F)||7mm wet suit|
|<= 24° C (75° F)||NA||Dry suit plus additional, specialized equipment|

domain: physics


- Mangroves’ high carbon storage capacity can help countries meet their carbon emission reduction targets under the Paris Agreement, while also producing benefits for local communities.
- Recent research using data from Belize has quantified mangrove carbon storage and sequestration potential and identified where the country should prioritize conservation and restoration to maximize ecosystem services that would benefit multiple sectors.
- The research has been used by Belizean authorities to update national climate targets, committing to protect an extra 12,000 hectares (30,000 acres) of mangroves and restore another 4,000 hectares (10,000 acres) by 2030, which could provide an example for other national blue carbon strategies.
- The study also took into account the point where mangrove protection and restoration begin to offer diminishing returns, which would allow authorities to adjust the ambition of climate mitigation and adaptation via mangroves.
Mangroves’ capacity to store carbon — up to five times more than upland tropical forests — makes them a powerful natural solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and tackling climate change. But according to a recent study that argues carbon storage and sequestration via mangroves can be both a climate solution and an economic boon, few countries have accounted for this type of nature-based solution when making their emissions reduction pledges, or nationally determined contributions (NDCs), to the Paris climate agreement.
The study, published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, focused on Belize and quantified how much carbon its mangroves capture and store, while also looking where mangrove conservation needs to be prioritized so that both climate and local economic goals can be met.
Belize is renowned for its marine resource management and conservation. The Natural Capital Project, based at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, which conducted the new research, has been collaborating with WWF Belize and the Belize government since 2010, helping the country use a science-driven approach to incorporate the benefits of different ecosystems into its sustainable development planning.
“In 2020, we identified the opportunity to inform the Belize revised national contributions under the Paris climate change agreement through our partnership,” said study co-author Jade Delevaux, a life science researcher with the marine team at the Natural Capital Project. “With support from The Pew Charitable Trusts and WWF, Belize formed the National Blue Carbon Working Group to help guide updates to Belize’s NDCs to include evidence-based targets for restoration or protection of mangroves and seagrasses.”
To assess how much carbon mangroves absorb and stock (storage), the research team made vegetation measurements and collected sediment core samples.
“Vegetation measurements are used to estimate how much carbon is stored as biomass. The rate of carbon sequestration is calculated based on the carbon sediment stocks and the age of the sediment measured from the core samples. Rigorous measurements need to reflect those changes,” Delevaux told Mongabay.
Using mangrove distribution maps, the experts then determined where protection or restoration needed to happen according to the level of degradation.
“The flow of co-benefits provided by mangroves vary spatially and thus can influence where to prioritize mangrove protection and restoration,” Delevaux said. “Our analysis identified patches of mangroves or areas where restoring mangroves can help bolster local benefits to Belizean communities, while promoting blue carbon sequestration to meet Belize’s climate goals.”
Results showed that the most important places for investing in mangrove protection were outside existing marine protected areas. But the study also points out there can be a limit to conservation, after which the benefits begin to diminish. Understanding that inflection point could help authorities adjust just how ambitious their conservation and restoration plans need to be.
The study has supported Belizean policymakers in updating the country’s NDCs toward meeting the Paris Agreement goals. Under the revised plans, around 12,000 hectares (30,000 acres) of healthy mangroves will become protected by 2030, on top of the current 13,000 hectares (32,000 acres). The new commitments also include 4,000 hectares (10,000 acres) of degraded mangroves selected for restoration. It’s expected that these areas will help preserve up to 7.7 million metric tons of carbon.
In addition, the study says, this would foster continued visitation of at least 3,000 tourists to mangrove destinations every year and safeguard 300,000 pounds (136,000 kilograms) of spiny lobster catch worth B$2.5 million ($1.24 million) annually — an amount equivalent to more than 5% of the country’s entire seafood export, valued at $21.3 million in 2019, the year when the values used in the study were calculated. Also, the increased protection provided by mangroves would halve the number of people considered at highest risk from coastal hazards by 2030.
Calculations could help other regions
“Our study serves as an example for the more than 150 other countries that have the opportunity to enhance greenhouse gas sequestration and climate adaptation by incorporating blue carbon strategies that provide multiple societal benefits into their NDCs,” Delevaux said.
Researchers not involved with the work who analyzed the paper at Mongabay’s request agree.
“The biggest contribution of this study is to measure and evaluate the co-benefits of mangrove protection to the economy, considering tourism and fishing,” said Hermano Melo Queiroz, an agronomic engineer at the University of São Paulo in Brazil. “In other words, the approach aligned science with social and economic development, proving to be a real ‘nature-based solution.’”
Queiroz emphasized the importance of mangrove carbon sequestration and the need to protect this kind of environment. Using the most recent data available, he estimated that the destruction of just 1.9% of mangroves globally would release about 240 million metric tons of carbon dioxide — equivalent to the annual emissions of 63 coal-fired power plants or 51 million cars. There’s another problem that arises from the loss of mangroves: while they sequester and store CO2 in their underwater roots, they also produce methane. Normally, this gas is almost entirely consumed by microorganisms.
“But when these ecosystems are degraded, not only do they stop sequestering carbon: they also release a ‘bomb’ of CO2 and methane,” Queiroz said.
Marcus Fernandes, a researcher at the Mangroves Ecology Lab at the Federal University of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon, also said the Belizean example could serve other nations.
“When you look at the Brazilian mangroves, that same approach could be applied here, because we still have a lot of areas to recover and at the same time big areas to preserve,” he said. Brazil has some of the world’s largest share of mangroves, at 9% of the global total, second only to Indonesia.
A June report by the Global Mangrove Alliance shows that the world has lost nearly 1.2 million hectares (3 million acres) of mangroves since 1996. The rate of loss has slowed down in recent years, and is currently at around 0.04% annually. According to Fernandes, there are many ways to ensure it doesn’t pick back up.
“Following the environmental laws where they exist is already an effective and relevant action to reduce the degradation of many mangrove areas, avoiding developments with harmful activities and the use of resources in a predatory way,” he said.
According to Delevaux, the software used in her team’s study is open access, which should make it easier for other countries to achieve similar assessments of their resources.
“This approach can be replicated by leaders and decision-makers in other countries interested in balancing economic and ecological benefits of mangroves and wetlands,” she said.
But to ensure governments and communities are able to maximize tourism, fisheries and coastal risk reduction as well as blue carbon benefits, there needs to be a concerted effort, she said — like the one seen in Belize.
“The application of these tools is more powerful when embedded in an existing policy or finance mechanism decision-making process and applied by a transdisciplinary partnership,” Delevaux said.
Arkema, K. K., Delevaux, J. M. S., Silver, J. M., Winder, S. G., Schile-Beers, L. M., Bood, N., … Young, A. (2023). Evidence-based target setting informs blue carbon strategies for nationally determined contributions. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 7(7), 1045-1059. doi:10.1038/s41559-023-02081-1
Related audio from Mongabay’s podcast: A discussion of mangroves as a natural climate solution with leading expert Alfredo Quarto, listen here:


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Register here: https://www.crowdcast.io/e/34z9qmqc
Join at 6:45 pm for more music, live chat and information.
Join us Saturday morning, 9/25, 10 am (Pacific), for a talk back with Rev Norton. No registration necessary: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/84204691477?pwd=ZjBKcitQMGhNTkNpdFpKMWlLL2pJZz09
On September 24th, The Lecture Series at UCUCC Seattle will welcome the “Beyoncé Mass” to Seattle. The worship service uses the music and life of Beyoncé as a tool to cultivate an empowering conversation about Black women – their lives, bodies, and voices – and create an experience of story, scripture, and song that calls for the liberation of all people. Beyoncé Mass will begin at online 7 pm.
The Seattle mass will focus on tenuous racial relationships and acknowledge the difficult journey that it will take to reach any form of reconciliation. This womanist ethic that undergirds the mass will explore the ways that communities often attempt to circumvent the long hard work road of repentance and relationship building necessary before we can develop beloved community between racial communities.
Created and curated by Reverend Yolanda Norton, Visiting Professor at Moravian Theological Seminary and founder of the Global Arts and Theology Experience (GATE), the inaugural Beyoncé Mass drew roughly 1,000 people at its inaugural event at San Francisco’s historic Grace Cathedral in April 2018. Since then, the worship service has traveled to Los Angeles, CA, Lisbon, Portugal, the Kennedy Center in Washington D.C., and other locations.
“Beyoncé Mass is a Christian worship service that is open to all,” stated Rev. Norton. “This is not a ceremony deifying Beyoncé. The premise of this service is that if we look at the personal life, career trajectory, music, and public persona of Beyoncé, so much of her life reflects aspects of Black women’s stories.”
The liturgy of Beyoncé Mass includes music from Beyonce’s vast discography, readings from prominent Black female leaders, and a sermon from Rev. Norton, who is ordained in the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), is a Ph.D. candidate at Vanderbilt University in Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel and holds a Masters of Divinity and Master of Theological Studies from Wesley Theological Seminary and B.A. in political science from Syracuse University.
Womanist Theology Part 1 and Part 2 with Rev. Yolanda Norton
In preparation for the Beyoncé Mass Seattle, Rev. Norton presented two classes on Womanist Theology (Part 1 and Part 2). View / review the classes at the links below. In Womanist Theology Part 2 Rev. Norton shares the unexpectded origin of the Beyoncé Mass, its grounding in Womanist Theology and where this project is headed.
Womanist Theology Part 1, August 24th, UCUCC Seattle https://www.dropbox.com/s/vxzn5a54om29ic0/Norton%20Presentation%20Wk%203%20FINAL.mp4?dl=0
Womanist Theology Part 2, August 31st, UCUCC Seattle

domain: christianity


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oscillatory motion pictures
11. Compare and discuss underdamped and overdamped oscillating systems. To describe oscillatory motion with graphs and equations, and use these descriptions to solve problems of oscillatory motion. Hertz The unit of measurement of frequency. Oscillation is the repetitive variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states.The term vibration is precisely used to describe mechanical oscillation. Some, such as sound waves, are not. (credit: John Norton) Learning Objectives 16.1.Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited Physclips provides multimedia education in introductory physics (mechanics) at different levels. Two dimensional motion A particle moving along a curved path in a plane has 2-dimensional motion. citation tool such as, Authors: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs. http://cnx.org/contents/031da8d3-b525-429c-80cf-6c8ed997733a/College_Physics. "I move to reconsider the vote on the motion relating to the annual banquet." Translatory motion or translational motion occurs when all points in a body move the same distance in the same amount of time. Finally, we will explore what happens when two or more waves share the same space, in … Figure 1. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is oscillatory motion for a system where the restoring force is proportional to the displacement and acts in the direction opposite to the displacement. Describe the mathematical representation of overtones and beat frequency. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site Oscillation refers to the repeated back and forth movement of something between two positions or states. Oscillation definition, an act or instance of oscillating. Comments are turned off Some oscillations create waves. By studying oscillatory motion and waves, we shall find that a small number of underlying principles describe all of them and that wave phenomena are more common than you have ever imagined. According to State of Motion. In practice, oscillatory motion eventually comes to rest due to damping or frictional forces. Some, such as water waves, are visible. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. All three scenarios involve repeating motion -- the pendulum swings back and forth, the muscular walls of your heart's chambers contract during each beat, and the Earth follows the same path ar… All oscillations involve force and energy. Â© 1999-2020, Rice University. The outline of this chapter is as follows. Simple harmonic motion, in physics, repetitive movement back and forth through an equilibrium, or central, position, so that the maximum displacement on one side of this position is equal to the maximum displacement on the other side. ELECTROMAGNETISM (such as electrostatics, currents and DC The ideal condition is that the object can be in oscillatory motion forever in the absence of friction but in the real world, this is not possible and the object has to settle into equilibrium. Oscillatory motion is defined as the to and fro motion of an object from its mean position. An oscillation can be a periodic motion that repeats itself in a regular cycle, such as a sine wave—a wave with perpetual motion as in the side-to-side swing of a pendulum, or the up-and-down motion of a spring with a weight. Examples of the oscillatory motion. Oscillations and Simple Harmonic Motion. Neural oscillations, or brainwaves, are rhythmic or repetitive patterns of neural activity in the central nervous system. Determine the maximum speed of an oscillating system. Some Other Examples of Motion are Linear motion, Random motion, Circular motion, Uniform and Non-Uniform Motion. In this article, we shall study, the concept of linear simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) Observe the vibrations of a guitar string. Periodic motion may be rotatory or vibratory. Based on the experimental study performed by Amaratunga et al. Modules may be used by teachers, while students may use the whole package for self instruction or for reference. A body is said to be in motion if it changes its position with respect to its surroundings. There are at least four types of waves in this picture—only the water waves are evident.


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City plants trees to celebrate wildlife partnership
National Aquarium, NWF to work together to protect natural resources
Over the weekend, the National Aquarium and the National Wildlife Federation celebrated their new partnership that will help protect wildlife and water resources.
At a ceremony on Sunday to mark the occasion, the groups and Baltimore leaders planted a tree outside the aquarium.
Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake said the city's efforts to create a more sustainable and efficient city fit in with the mission of the partnership.
"By building on partnerships between the state and business community, we can continue to make the city greener, and it's vital that we lead by example," the mayor said. "The new partnership between the National Aquarium and the National Wildlife Federation will be a great step and a tremendous help in these efforts."
Participants who signed a pledge at the ceremony were given a tree to take home to plant in their yards.

domain: topicality


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domain: entertainment


Recently, Toyota Kirloskar Motor has taken down the Toyota Innova Touring Sport from its official website, suggesting the discontinuation of this variant in the Indian market.
Toyota has discontinued the Innova Touring Sport variant of the India-spec Innova Crysta without any warning. The variant was silently taken down from Toyota’s official website. Toyota Innova Touring Sport was launched in our market back in 2017. Before going into discontinuation, the special variant was priced at Rs 19.53 lakh to Rs 24.67 lakh.
Toyota Innova Touring Sport is discontinued in the Indian market
Compared to the standard model, the Touring Sport was provided with some distinct styling elements that made the MPV look sportier. The Touring Sport’s distinguishing identity was manifested through some exterior enhancements including blacked-out alloy wheels, smoked headlights, black plastic cladding on the rear end. There was also a special Touring Sport badge on the tailgate. The Touring Sport was available in two colours, Wildfire Red and Pearl White. With these additional elements, the Toyota Innova Touring Sport commanded a premium over the regular version.
On the inside, the Toyota Touring Sport got some sporty features like all-black upholstery with contrasting red stitching. In terms of features, the Toyota Innova Touring Sport got touchscreen infotainment, built-in navigation, climate control, auto headlamps, cruise control, seven airbags, ABS with EBD, rear parking sensors, and traction control.
MG Hector Plus vs Toyota Innova Crysta (Hindi) | Which 6-Seater Is The Smarter Choice?
Under the hood, the Toyota Innova Touring Sport received the same set of engines as in the regular Innova. These included a 2.4-litre diesel engine (150 PS) and a 2.7-litre petrol engine (166 PS). These engines could be mated to either a 5-speed manual or a 6-speed torque converter gearbox. The automatic gearbox was restricted to the top-spec ZX trim only.
After ending the Touring Sport, Toyota is planning to launch the facelift version of the Innova Crysta. The facelift model made its debut in the Indonesia market earlier this year. And it is expected to embark on Indian shore next year. The facelift Toyota Innova Crysta is expected to come with a comprehensive makeover and a few more features on the inside. Upon its arrival, the facelifted Toyota Innova Crysta is expected to be available at around Rs 16 lakh. It will continue to take on the likes of MG Hector Plus and Mahindra Marazzo.


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Franklin Electrics stainless steel, high performance horizontal multi-stage pumps are designed for use in domestic, industrial and agricultural applications. Select-A-Pump Pump sizing system Specifications Downloads. Features. Compact close-coupled design, robust and rust-resistant / superior efficiency and performanceGRUNDFOS CM, Horizontal multi-stage pumps up to 7.5 kW GRUNDFOS CM Horizontal multi-stage pumps up to 7.5 kW WHEN CUSTOMISATION, MODULARITY, AND RELIABILITY ARE KEY Open the catalog to page 1 The CM/CME abbreviation derives from the most basic description of the pump: A small pump with gigantic potential It was once said that great things come in small packages.Goulds Pump HSC20 HSC Horizontal Multi-Stage HSC20. 0 reviews. Goulds HSC20 HSC Series Multi-Stage Centrifugal Pump, 2 HP, 230 Volt, 60 Hz, Single Phase, 3500 RPM, 1 1/4" Suction, 1" Discharge, 3 Stages
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Paperback: 104 pages
Genre: Urban fantasy/Comic
Reading Level: Y/A
15 in stock
A collection of nine stories from the Haven short story series. Written as comic books in a short story format, the stories feature unique heroes and villains in a struggle for control of the fictional city of Haven.
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Egyptian artists used a wide array of materials, both local and imported, from very early in their history. For instance, already in the Predynastic period we find figurines carved from lapis lazui—a lustrous blue stone that originates in what is now Afghanistan and indicates the early presence of robust trade routes.
There were numerous native stones used for statuary, including the ubiquitous soft limestone of the desert cliffs that line most of the Nile valley, as well as sandstone, calcite, and schist.
Harder stones include quartzite, diorite, granite, and basalt. Carving on softer stones was done using copper chisels and stone tools; hard stone required tools of yet harder stone, copper alloys, and the use of abrasive sand to shape them. Polishing was achieved with a smooth rubbing stone and abrasive sands with a fine grit.
Most statuary was painted; even stones selected for the symbolism of their color were often painted. For instance, the exemplary statues of Menkaure (right), builder of the smallest of the three major pyramids at Giza, were executed in dark schist (also called graywacke). This smooth black stone is connected with Osiris, resurrected god of the dead who was often shown with black or green skin referring to the fertile silt and lush vegetation of the Nile valley.
These images preserve traces of red paint on the king’s skin indicating that, when completed and placed in his memorial temple near his pyramid, they would have appeared lifelike in coloration. With time, the paint would have flaked away, revealing the black stone underneath and explicitly linking the deceased king with the Lord of the Underworld.
Egyptian artists also used a variety of woods in their work, including the native acacia, tamarisk, and sycamore fig as well as fir, cedar, and other conifers imported from Syria. Artisans excelled at puzzling together small, irregular pieces of wood and pegged them into place to create statuary, coffins, boxes, and furniture.
They also executed pieces in various metals, including copper, copper alloys (such as bronze), gold, and silver. Cult statues of gods were made in gold and silver—materials identified by myth as their skin and bones—and were often quite small. Very few metal statues survive because they were often melted down and the material reused, although preserved examples from the Old and Middle Kingdoms demonstrate that they were skilled not only in sheet metal forming, but also practiced complex casting.
Jewelry work was quite sophisticated even in the Old Kingdom, as demonstrated by some highly creative pieces depicted in tomb scenes. A cache of royal jewelry from the tombs of Middle Kingdom princesses displays extremely high levels of skill in terms of design as well as precisely cut stone inlays, repoussé, and cloisonné.
Many objects, especially small amulets and inlays, were made from a manufactured material known as Egyptian faience. This quartz-based medium could be easily shaped, molded, and mass produced. The glaze coating could be almost any color, depending on the minerals used in the composition, although turquoise blue is the most common.
Relief was usually carved before being painted. The two primary classes of relief are raised relief (where the figures stand up out from the surface) and sunk relief (where the figures are cut into and below the surface). The surface would be smoothed with a layer of plaster and then painted. If the surface was not carved before painting, several layers of mud plaster would be applied to create a flat plane.
The drawing surface would be delineated using gridded guidelines, snapped onto the wall using string coated in red pigment dust (very much like chalk lines used by modern carpenters). This grid helped the artists properly proportion the figures and lay out the scenes. Scene elements were drafted out using red paint, corrections noted in black paint, and then the painting was executed one color at a time. Even on carved relief, many elements in a scene would be executed only in paint and not cut into the surface.
Most pigments in Egypt were derived from local minerals. White was often made from gypsum, black from carbon, reds and yellows from iron oxides, blue and green from azurite and malachite, and bright yellow (representing gold) from orpiment. These minerals were ground and then mixed with a plant or animal based glue to make a medium able to attach to the walls. They could be applied as a single plane, but were also layered to create subtle effects and additional colors, such as pink or gray. More information on the materials used to make pigments, as well as a discussion of the symbolism of various colors may be found in the article “Aspects of Color in Ancient Egypt” at Egyptological.

domain: history


Net withdrawals of natural gas from U.S. storage totaled 2,264 billion cubic feet (Bcf) this winter (November through March). This amount is the most natural gas withdrawn from storage since the winter of 2017–18 and 10% more than the previous five-year (2016–17 to 2021–22) average, according our recently released Natural Gas Monthly, which includes data through March 2022. Typically more natural gas is withdrawn from storage in the United States than is injected during the winter heating season as demand (including consumption and exports) exceeds supply (including production and imports). During the heating season, natural gas must be drawn from storage to meet this excess of demand over supply. Working U.S. natural gas storage levels at the end of March 2022 were 1,401 Bcf, which is 11 Bcf higher than March 2018.


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As a Woman, you know the profound love that you hold in you heart for your own family and friends. As a child of God, you can only imagine the infinate love that your heavenly father holds for you. And now, precisely because you are a wondrous creation treasured by God , a question presents itself; What will you do in response to the Creator's Love? Will you ignore it or embrace it? Will you return it or neglect it? When you embrace God's love , your life's purpose is forever changed. When you embrace God's love, you feel differently about yourself, your neighbors, your family, and your world. More importantly , you share God's message~and HIS LOVE~ with others.
Dear Friends, if God Loved us in this way, we also must LOVE one another.(1st. John 4:11).
We Love because He first Loved us. (1st John 4: 19).
Above all, keep your Love for one another at full strength, since Love covers a multitude of sins.
(1st peter 4:8).

domain: relationship


The YBR125G is intelligently designed keeping in account the true taste of passionate bikers. Yamaha YBR125G has an overall look of a trail bike. It possesses the same engine as of Yamaha YBR125. The Yamaha YBR 125G has powerful shocks that are the key to comfortable and smooth ride of this bike. The alluring speedometer has an rpm and fuel indicator. Significantly broad and comfortable seat ensures good backbone support on long journeys. Alloy rims, self-start mechanism and sporty body shape with dynamic graphics and Yamaha logo forces its buyers to boast proudly of their appealing ride.


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Question about Cars & Trucks
When very cold out the tempurture gauge quits working and fan wont shut off untill i shut the car off .but when its nice out like under minus 20 degrees then car works fine
Sounds like a faulty Coolant Temperature Sensor. Unplug it and turn you ignition switch to the on position. If it doesn't come on replace it.
Posted on Dec 25, 2013
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best thing about this new service is that you are never placed on hold and get to talk to real repairmen in the US.
the service is completely free and covers almost anything you can think of (from cars to computers, handyman, and even drones).
click here to download the app (for users in the US for now) and get all the help you need.
Posted on Jan 02, 2017
I suppose its a sports mode function where the + enables you to upshift and the - to downshift.
Try using this mode when you are driving as you might like it if you used to drive manual cars before...
Posted on Feb 02, 2009
You will need to have the radio reset or checked out at the dealer.Ther could be a cd stuck in it.Or the radio/CD player may have be on when the battery power got to low.
Posted on Jan 11, 2010
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Hughes Construction was hired to install four counterforts and to inject approximately 18ft. using injection material provided by Prime Resins. The counterforts for this project were specified to be 6ft. long by 5ft. tall by 1ft. wide by Buyers Protection Group. The counterfort excavations were done individually to leave the front deck intact. The concrete footers for the counterforts were pumped in Buckeye Concrete Pumping, and the concrete was provided by All-Rite Ready Mix. The footers were doweled into the footer of the foundation and reinforced in the block counterforts that were filled solid with concrete (which were also reinforced). As well as the injections we performed, we also installed steel dowels in a wing wall that was next to the garage to keep it from moving. Once all of the counterforts were in we backfilled in compacted lifts and then added topsoil, seed, and straw.


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Dave Matthews Original Painting Print
Painting - Mixed Medium
CRASH INTO ME!! I have created these pieces with a mixed medium process: I paint patterns and textures, scan them in, mask them in simplified photos, print them, then paint on them further. Then i'll scan the final product back in. So it's constantly evolving.
July 18th, 2013
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