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The Congo Crisis: An International Perspective
There is a need to take advantage of the change that has taken place in the Congo, however tragic that has been in its coming. – Paul Kagame
As the third largest country in Africa and blessed with a large endowment of natural resources, the Democratic Republic of Congo possesses great opportunity to develop itself into a successful nation. However, the great abuses of the Congo’s colonial rulers and the lack of central unity across its vast territory left the nascent republic to be taken advantage of by various forces, both inside and outside the country. From the first colonization of the area under King Léopold’s reign of terror as his personal colonial venture, to the Belgians rapid handover of independence after only five months notice, the position of the Congo as colonialism’s worst legacy led to the volatile state present at independence in 1960 which resulted in the Republic of Léopoldville being reduced to six years of civil war and secessionism known as the Congo Crisis. The Congo Crisis and its effect on the Congo is of utmost importance especially in respect to the First and Second Congo Wars, current conflicts which have cost millions of lives and involved up to twenty five armed groups and eight African nations. To that end, this essay will seek to analyze how outside interests effected the development of the 1960-1966 Congo Crisis and to research this internal conflict in its international context. There were several reasons behind the breakdown in order upon the Congo’s independence: the devastating treatment of the land by its colonial masters and the abrupt move towards independence with little provision made for a smooth transition of power, the lack of political unity in a government split by wider Cold War politics, European and business interest support of secessionist movements in the Congo’s resource rich, yet distant provinces and underlying ethnic disputes in this vast nation.
Today’s Democratic Republic of the Congo has a long history stretching back to medieval era native kingdoms, such as the Kingdom of Kongo, whose people had trading contacts with both European powers and the Arab/Swahili slave traders operating out of Zanzibar in East Africa. In the late 19th Century, European industrialization and the rise of new powers such as Germany led to a growing interest in acquiring African colonies, ostensibly to uplift and civilize the natives. One such “humanitarian” venture was the International Congo Society of Léopold II King of the Belgians, which like other colonial ventures was a front for the actual exploitation of Africa’s vast natural resources and population base. King Léopold began his private colonial adventure in the Congo basin when it became apparent his Belgian subjects had no interest in colonies. The king used the International Congo Society to further his ambitions in setting up the Congo as his private source of income. In his imperialistic bid for a personal colony, King Léopold commission Henry Morton Stanley to explore the Congo basin and establish trading posts in the name of the society. The competing interests of France, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the Congo Society were the leading factor that led Portugal to call for and Bismarck to convene the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885. It was at this historic conference, which included no native African representatives, that the rules for empire building in Africa were laid down, effectively opening the continent to the subsequent territorial scramble. The status of the Congo was one of the first issues resolved, by playing off French and German interest in free trade in Central Africa, King Léopold was able to maintain his gains and the centuries old Kingdom of Kongo was partitioned between Léopold’s newly formed Congo Free State, French Congo based in Brazzaville and Portuguese Angola. Meanwhile, the Congo Free State was organized as the private...
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domain: politics


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We understand that a primary school is only one stage of a child’s learning journey and, as such, the curriculum, or what a child experiences whilst at Rosemellin, needs to be carefully thought through, planned and implemented so that every child achieves his/her potential and a thirst for learning. At Rosemellin the children experience a rich curriculum that is carefully planned to meet their diverse needs. We constantly strive to our curriculum meets our children’s learning needs and prepares them, not only for the next stage of their educational journey, but also for life.
We believe that a child needs to know how to learn and so, characteristics of effective learning and behaviours for learning are emphasised throughout. Our children are encouraged and learn to be resilient; resourceful; reflective and can build, maintain and enjoy positive relationships. Our children know that by adopting such behaviours they are not only being the best they can be in their learning but also that they are being their very best in life. Our curriculum prepares them for the modern world, encouraging them to be flexible in approach and able to cope with the ever changing world in which they live.
For any child to succeed and take advantage of life’s opportunities the foundations of learning need to be strong. At Rosemellin we emphasise the basics in the Early Years and KS1, determined that our children get off to the very best start by acquiring the skills, knowledge and understanding appropriate to their age and development. Determined to do the very best for our families, transition engages our parents in how best to support their children and an open and welcoming relationship is built from the start, including home visits and a well -planned transition programme.
Life skills are considered an important element of our curriculum and includes basic life skills including e.g the use of cutlery, cooking and enjoying a meal together, knowing ways to be healthy and keep healthy, carrying out simple self-care routines and organising themselves. Confident, and articulate members of society our children are taught to be active in the world in which they live, encouraged to contribute to their local community, with a very well developed sense of their place in it and connected to the wider world by a keen social responsibility. An avid interest in experiences that are different from their own, a curiosity and interest in other people and how they live and participation in a variety of projects, including the environment, develop our children’s commitment to and regard for others. Our curriculum is a true celebration of what it is to live in Britain in the 21st century, to live in a fair and well-governed society, able to voice well considered and passionate opinions in a true spirit of democracy and celebrating the same-ness and difference between us.
The well-being of our children is of paramount importance and our outdoor space is used to enhance the curriculum, developing our children’s sense of well-being and connectedness to the natural world. Whenever possible, outdoor experiences are planned, not only as subject specific experiences but also as part of our ’50 things’ offer, everyday experiences which every child is entitled to enjoy and experience as they grow. The life experiences of our children are enhanced by a broad range of events including: visits to places of historical interest; theatrical and musical experiences; residential camps (including to the capital, London) and participation in a variety of sports. Such a curriculum offer plays its part in developing our children’s cultural capital. Our intent is to develop well rounded young people who are able to transition to the next phase of their education and fully participate in society: happy, mentally and physically healthy and aspiring to a life that is truly satisfying.
We are currently reviewing our curriculum to ensure that the connectedness of our children’s learning experiences is well-planned and sequenced, allowing our children to know more as they learn more and will ensure our learners revisit learning in order to build on firm foundations.
We deliver the National Curriculum (NC) for Key Stage 1 and 2 and the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) Framework for Foundation pupils:
The 3 Prime areas are Communication and Language; Physical Development; and Personal, Social and Emotional Development.
The 4 specific areas are Literacy; Mathematics; Understanding the World; and Expressive Arts and Design.
Pupils in the EYFS learn by playing and exploring, being active, and through creative and critical thinking which takes place indoors and outdoors.
For further information on our Foundation stage curriculum organisation look at Year R under Curriculum on this website and for details on the EYFS framework please click on the EYFS Parents Guide Pdf below.
The full revised Department for Education Statutory Framework for the EYFS is available here - Statutory Framework
English; Mathematics; Science; Design and Technology; Computing; History; Geography; Art and Design; Music; Physical Education and Languages at KS2.
For the full Statutory Primary National Curriculum including programmes of study and attainment targets click here - National Curriculum
A Parents guide to the new National Curriculum is available and can be also viewed by year groups below:

domain: philosophy


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That was a gorgeous stay for our family in Wanaka. Being mislead we booked another hotel in the town but left it very quickly the next morning. When we arrived here we were very happy and delighted with our decision. We traveled with two sons age of 5 y.o. and 10 months. And for all of us with location near by lake, ducks visits everyday was a super relaxing resort. We wished we would come there straight away and wouldn't waste any time.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Edgewater lies right at the water’s edge of Lake Wanaka. It is the perfect destination for you to experience all that Central Otago’s seasons have to offer. Our long, hot summers fade slowly into beautiful autumn colours, before the clear mountain air promises snow and crisp winter days. As the snowfalls melt, spring returns with its lush, bright greens. At Edgewater we have genuine local knowledge that complements our inviting accommodation and enticing seasonal menu. We can unlock the very best Wanaka experiences, tailored for you. Edgewater is a four star Qualmark graded property situated on the edge of Lake Wanaka. Come and touch the seasons at Edgewater. ... more less
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- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Cancelon, Priceline, Booking.com, Agoda, TripOnline SA and HotelQuickly so you can book your Edgewater reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Edgewater Hotel Wanaka

domain: travel


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Our 1979-1993 Mustang carpet and accessories is a great way to restore or upgrade your Fox Body interior! Over the years, your carpet and floor mats can become worn, torn, and stained leaving your Mustang looking old and dingy. Latemodel Restoration has you covered with new door panel carpet, floor carpet, convertible quarter trim carpet, floor mats, trunk mats, and rear hatch carpets. Save time and money with a 5.0 Resto interior resto starter kit. These kits features new carpet, seats, and seat upholstery to transform the look of your Fox Body interior.
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domain: automotive


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1. Be the first to talk about the harms of pornography.
Some parents worry that they’ll awaken a child’s curiosity by talking to them about pornography. Unfortunately, today’s parents have only two choices—be the first to teach a child what porn is and why it’s dangerous OR let the internet, friends, or even a sexual predator entice them into viewing it. Parents need to set themselves up as the experts who can answer their kids’ questions about sex and its dark counterfeit, pornography.
As soon as kids have any access to the internet (including mobile devices or at their grandparents’ house), they need to understand that viewing pornography can be harmful to both their spirit and their brain. Ultimately, kids themselves are going to make the decision to turn away from pornography. Teach them that although it’s normal to be curious, following their curiosity about pornography can be dangerous.
2. Use family home evenings.
Family home evening is a great time to begin these conversations. Parents can help their kids understand that pornography tells lies about how people should treat one another. In addition, continuing to view pornography has the potential to create a destructive addiction.
The Church has developed a series of Family home evening lessons to help parents arm their kids against pornography. Another great resource is the Church’s video “What Should I Do When I See Pornography?” I love how the video models kids learning to reject pornography and talking to their parents about what they’ve seen.
One mom emailed me about her family’s experience talking about pornography:
“We used your book, Good Pictures Bad Pictures, for our family home evening with our eight kids, ages 1-16. Before we met, I read it twice, highlighting the things I wanted to make sure to say, and then just showed them the pictures as we talked about it. This way even the little ones were able to pay attention and we made it through the whole book in one sitting. We had a great discussion and there was such a special feeling as we talked about how they are Heavenly Father's children and they need to stay away from Satan's traps and remain clean, pure, and free.”
Kids will be much safer if parents are the first to teach them what pornography is, why it’s dangerous, and how to reject it.

domain: psychology


text:
Per TSN said:
The Colorado Avalanche have signed goaltender Jean-Sebastien Giguere to a one-year, $1.5 million contract extension, according to RDS.
Giguere, 35, had a 15-11-3 record with a 2.27 goals-against average and .919 save percentage last season.
He has appeared in 557 career NHL games, posting a 246-206-45 career record with a 2.52 goals-against average, .915 save percentage and 36 shutouts.
He also has 52 career postseason games to his resume, where he's compiled a 33-17 record with a 2.08 goals-against average and .925 save percentage.
Selected by Hartford in the first round (13th overall) of the 1995 Entry Draft, Giguere has spent 13 years in the NHL with the Hartford Whalers, Calgary Flames, Anaheim Ducks and Toronto Maple Leafs.

domain: statistics


The longtime cast member, who has played Lieutenant Kelly Severide for 11 years, will return — for at least the start of Season 12, sources tell TVLine. But it is as yet undetermined if Kinney will be back as a series regular.
More from TVLine
NBC had no comment on Kinney’s return/Season 12 status.
In January, Kinney took a leave of absence from #OneChicago’s firefighter drama to deal with a personal matter, resulting in script rewrites to account for why Severide was missing in action. The actor last appeared in the Feb. 22 installment, and his character’s absence was explained in the March 1 episode, when it was revealed that Severide had gone to Alabama for an arson investigation training program.
But Kelly’s wife Stella later learned that he was no longer in Alabama, having been recruited to help with an ATF investigation. After Severide was vague about the job and a timetable for his return to Chicago, Stella decided in the May 24 season finale to take some time off work to go bring her husband back home.
Kinney has starred on Chicago Fire since its debut in 2012, appearing in over 200 episodes, in addition to guest-starring in installments of Chicago Med, Chicago P.D. and even Chicago Justice.
During Kinney’s leave, former series regular Jesse Spencer reprised his role as Captain Matt Casey in two episodes, including the season ender, to help fill the void left by Severide’s absence.
#OneChicago Cast Exits, Ranked
During Fire’s prolonged, strikes-impacted hiatus, it was announced that co-showrunner Andrea Newman will hold the post solo for Season 12, following co-showrunner/co-creator Derek Haas’ exit from the series in November 2022. In other #OneChicago news, Tracy Spiridakos, who plays detective Hailey Upton on Chicago P.D., will depart the cop drama after the upcoming 11th season.
#OneChicago fans, how are you feeling about the news? Hit the comments with your thoughts!
Best of TVLine


14 Best Telescopes For Kids
Top 14 Telescopes For Kids
- MaxUSee Kids Telescope 400x40mm ( Scope With Moon Mirror, Stars & Moon Map Included)
- Kids Telescope For Beginners ( Portable Travel Telescope For Children Teens)
- Emarth Telescope Travel Scope ( Portable Telescope For Kids Beginners (Blue))
- TELMU Telescope 70mm Aperture ( With Backpack, Phone Adapter For Any Model)
- Telescope For Kids And ( Craters, Portable Telescope For Children And Beginners)
- ToyerBee Telescope 76mm Aperture ( Telescope For Kids& Students&Adults&Astronomy Beginners)
- Gskyer Telescope Travel Scope ( With Carry Bag, Smartphone Adapter And Wireless Remote)
- MaxUSee 70mm Refractor Telescope ( With 3 Magnification Eyepieces & Moon Mirror Blue)
- 50 Things To See ( Constellation Focused Approach)
- Portable Kids Telescope 400x ( Travel Telescope For Kids & Beginners)
- Telescope For Kids Merkmak ( Magnification Eyepieces 360/50mm Spotting Scope)
- Celestron 70mm Travel ( Beginners - BONUS Astronomy Software Package)
- Qurious Space Kids Explorer ( Compass| Glow In The Dark Stickers | Science Education)
- Qurious Space Kids Explorer ( Compass| Glow In The Dark Stickers | Science Education)
You might also be interested in 7 Best Thermal Scopes.
- portable telescope that easy to use and suitable for kids & beginners.
- focal length 400mm, with 5x18 finder scope can locate objects faster.
- includes 2pcs eyepieces h12.5mm & 20mm, comes with a moon mirror can help you clearly observe the moon
- 360mm focal length and 70mm aperture, fully coated optical glass with high transmission coatings creates crisp images with increased brightness and clarity
- includes two 1.25" eyepieces (k25mm & k10mm) which you can enjoy the magnification from 51x to 128x, and 5x24 finder scope can locate objects faster
- no-tools quick set up and easy find your objects, perfect telescope for kids and astronomy beginners
- 【high magnification】360mm(f/5.1) focal length and 70mm aperture, fully coated optical glass with high transmission coatings creates stunning images with increased brightness and clarity. protect your eyes.perfect refracting telescope for beginners or kids to explore sky
- 【no-tool set up】this telescope is quick and easy to set up even for the novice and will encourage kids to love learning about space, great holiday or birthday gift idea for kids who love science and astronomy
- 【high quality optics】the interchangeable eyepieces with a 3x barlow lens increase viewing power, 5x24 finderscope with mounting bracket, erect-image diagonal, and two bigger focus eyepieces(k10mm:51x ,k25mm:128x) make locating objects easy
- ultra-clear refracting telescope: with 400 mm focal length and 70 mm aperture to capture more clear picture and optical glass coated for enhanced image brightness to protect your eyes. a awesome tool helps beginners and students to explore the space.
- optimum magnification: two replaceable 1.25" kellner eyepiece(k6mm/16x, k25/67x) to enhance the power for this astronomical telescope. 5x24 finderscope with mounting bracket and cross line, erect-image diagonal make locating objects more easily.
- easy to operation: no tools are required for refractor telescope even for the novice. adjusted from about 17.7-inch to 35.4-inch. allowed for many different observational positions and keep the whole tripod steady with castor wheel.
- high-quality optical glass lenses - view all the details of the craters on the moon with the 18x "wide-view" and 90x "close-up" eyepieces
- perfect for beginners - this telescope is very easy and super portable for any budding astronomer to use
- easy to use - excellent for beginning astronomers, the telescope comes with a tripod and sets up in less than 1 minute
- ✔high magnification. toyerbee telescope is equipped with three eyepieces (h20mm, h12.5mm and h4mm) and a 2x barlow lens. the barlow lens doubles the magnification of each eyepiece. kids can get magnification of 35x to 350x. whether it's watching stars and moons at night or observing planets, toyerbee telescope is the best helper for kids & astronomy beginners.
- ✔quick to find the view. focal length 700mm with a finder scope help you to locate the object quickly. a solid & adjustable tripod which can be used on most surfaces can stabilizes the telescope when you focus. whether you want to see the moon in the distance or the trees across the road, the telescope can help you quickly target.
- ✔large aperture. 76mm aperture provides more lights and clearer images, even beginners can get clear images. the bigger the aperture, the bigger the field of vision, and the clearer the image. imagine that the moon at night is as clear and bright as the scenery during the day.
- 【high quality optics】400mm(f/5.7) focal length and 70mm aperture, fully coated optics glass lens with high transmission coatings creates stunning images and protect your eyes. perfect telescope for astronomers to explore stars and moon.
- 【high magnification】come with two replaceable eyepieces and one 3x barlow lens. eyepiece1: 25mm(16x), eyepiece2: 10mm(40x). 3x barlow lens trebles the magnifying power of each eyepiece. 5x24 finderscope with mounting bracket and cross-hair lines inside make locating objects easily.
- 【wireless control】free includes one smartphone adapter and one wireless camera remote to explore the nature of the world easily through the screen and take amazing celestial images.
- portable telescope with magnification 16x - 200x, the perfect first telescope for kids & astronomy beginners.
- 70mm large aperture objective lens make the images brighter and clearer, with 5x24 finder scope can locate objects faster and earlier.
- includes 4pcs 1.25" eyepieces h6mm, h12.5mm, h20mm and k25mm. high magnification (h6mm), middle magnification (h12.5mm) and low magnification but with sharper image (h20mm & k25mm) eyepieces give you variety for any viewing situation.
- john a read
- publisher: john a read
- paperback: 72 pages
- the fully coated optical glass telescope has 70mm aperture and focal length of 400mm. the telescope for kids has incorporated the high transmission coatings that help in creating spectacular images. the exceptional clarity and brightness allow the kids to use telescope for exploring sky.
- the easy to use functionality of the spotting scope provides a better chance to little ones to learn and explore different things related to space. the full featured refractor telescopes for astronomy beginners will astonish and amaze you by delivering high quality views of saturn's rings, moon, beehive star clusters, binary star systems, and orion nebulae.
- the 45° angle prism of telescope allow the adults to observe various potential wonders of the sky. the telescope integrates a wide range of magnifications of highest quality to ensure best viewing results and long-lasting functionality.
- best gift for your children and friend:this is designed for the astronomy beginner who are learning the science
- easy to use:just need 3 minutes install the tripod and spotting scope,you can choose the moon,h6mm,h20mm magnification eyepieces
- high quality:360x50 refractor scope is a compact and universal telescope with bright image quality and high magnification power
- superior optics: the celestron 70 millimeter travel scope features high quality fully coated glass optics, a potent 70 millimeter objective lens, and user friendly features. its quality is unmatched in its class and against competitors
- powerful eyepieces for up close viewing: this celestron telescope is equipped with two quality eyepieces (20 millimeter and 10 millimeter ) that provide low power and high power views of celestial objects at night and terrestrial subjects during the day
- large 70 millimeter objective lens: our telescope is equipped with a large 70 millimeter aperture refractor lens with light gathering capabilities that provide clear views of stars and planets. setting up and using the travel scope is quick and easy
- kids telescope- pink violet telescope, travel scope, 66mm astronomy refractor telescope with tripod, finder scope, compass, carry case, laminated star and lunar chart. portable telescope for kids and beginners
- easy set up - no tools required. be ready to go in minutes! perfect for camping, school, youth groups, travel, birthday gifts, office gifts, or leave in your car convenience.
- eco friendly carry case - kids drop things. with our custom eco-friendly protective carry case, your qurious telescope is protected and easy for anyone to transport and carry.
- kids telescope- telescope, travel scope, 66mm astronomy refractor telescope with tripod, finder scope, compass, carry case, glow in the dark stickers, activity guide, star and lunar chart. portable telescope for kids and beginners
- easy set up - no tools required. ready to go in minutes! perfect for camping, school, youth groups, travel, birthday gifts, office gifts, or leave in your car convenience.
- eco friendly carry case - kids drop things. with our custom, eco-friendly protective carry case, your qurious telescope is protected and easy for anyone to carry or transport.


text: DREW DEMING enjoyed painting in high school but he didn’t take it seriously. However, while recovering from a serious illness, he had plenty of spare time and painting brought happiness and purpose to his life when it was difficult to find in other places. Being basically self-taught with lots of trial and error, YouTube videos, and how-to books, Drew enjoys painting nature and how it affects our aesthetic choices. Having grown up in the Saginaw Bay area, nautical themes are always close to his heart. Drew enjoys the outdoors and preserves his memories through his work. He has also been interested in vintage items and designs since he was a child; his bike designs are a fun way of capturing this fascination. Eventually his paintings improved to the point that he started selling them in a local gift shop in Bay City, MI. He now sells his art at five retail locations, online through his website, Etsy, and at Michigan craft markets and art festivals across the state. He has been a professional watercolor artist for over three years, and feels blessed to have both gotten through such a hard stretch and also have the opportunity to pursue his passion professionally. Meet this returning artist in Booth 91 on November 9, 2019, at Saline Middle School during the Saline Craft Show.

domain: painting


Her nomination for “Leslie” may have prompted an AMPAS investigation, but the Academy won’t revoke Riseborough’s nod.
Paul Schrader publicly defends Andrea Riseborough’s ‘To Leslie’ Best Actress nomination.
The “first reformed” writer-director shared it Facebook to present Riseborough’s Oscar nominees against Cate Blanchett (“LIBRARY”), Michelle Yeoh (“Everything Everywhere All at Once”), Ana de Armas (“Blonde”) and Michelle Williams (“The Fabelmans”). “).
“He got my vote,” Schrader captioned a photo of Riseborough. “Come on, track me down.”
The Academy launched an investigation into this year’s Oscar lobbying last week after controversy surrounding Riseborough’s late-launching, heavily celebrity-backed campaign. But at a meeting of the Academy on Tuesday, leaders insisted the validity of Riseborough’s nomination, which he will not withdraw but will soon publish updates to campaign rules.
“We have discovered social media and information campaign tactics that are cause for concern,” said Academy CEO Bill Kramer. “We deal directly with the responsible parties with these tactics.”
“To Leslie” earned $27,000 in theaters, making it one of the lowest-grossing films ever to receive an Oscar nomination. Riseborough plays an alcoholic and former lottery winner in the drama. The team behind “To Leslie” emailed Academy members directly to lobby for the film’s inclusion, citing reports of Instagram campaigns. However, neither tactic is clearly against the Academy’s voting rules.
A-listers including Gwyneth Paltrow, Cate Blanchett, Kate Winslet, Charlize Theron, Amy Adams, Jennifer Aniston, Sarah Paulson, Edward Norton and Jane Fonda publicly supported Riseborough’s grassroots campaign for a Best Actress Oscar nomination.
Christina Ricci later took to Instagram to publicly criticize the Academy’s investigation into Riseborough’s campaign, calling it an “elitist” inquisition.
“It seems funny that the ‘surprise nomination’ (meaning they didn’t spend a ton of money on the actress’ position) would bring a legitimately brilliant performance under scrutiny,” Ricci wrote. “So only movies and actors can afford the recognition? I feel like it’s elitist and exclusive, and frankly, it’s very backward to me.”
Ricci noted that Riseborough’s Oscar nomination would be “tainted” by this investigation, adding that he had “nothing to do with the campaign” by speaking out.
Riseborough said Deadline that even he is “impressed” by the nomination. “It was so hard to believe it could ever happen because we really didn’t have a chance at anything else,” the actress said. “Even though we had a lot of support, the idea that it could happen seemed so far away.”
Register: Stay up to date with the latest movie and TV news! Subscribe to our email newsletter here.


text:
Intensifying their week old agitation, students of Pondicherry University today demanded the HRD Ministry should immediately remove Vice Chancellor Chandra Krishnamoorthy, alleging there has been "administrative chaos" and "violation of human rights".
Student leaders, who addressed protestors, said their stir was to draw the attention of the HRD Ministry to their demand and initiate steps to remove the VC.
The agitation was launched by 'Pondicherry University Students Movement', who have drawn up a charter of demands. They alleged that there was lack of adequate hostels, no drinking water and also other amenities.
Students also alleged that there was "administrative chaos" and "violation of human rights".
Police were deployed in strength at the University to ensure there was no untoward situation.
Leaders of the opposition Congress like V Vaithilingam, former Education Minister M O H F Shahjahan and Secretary of National Students Union of India S Sarath have expressed solidarity with the students by sitting along with them for a while and then addressing them.
Namassivayam, a PCC leader, said the students' demands were justified and should be conceded immediately. He said he had been keeping AICC Vice President Rahul Gandhi apprised of the developments and urged him to take up their demands with the Centre.
He also objected to last week's lathicharge of students, in which a number of students were reportedly injured and demanded that the government take action against the police officers responsible.
He also alleged that police were filing false cases against students and those supporting their grievances and said these should be withdrawn.
NSUI National Secretary S Sarath and former Education Minister Shah Jahan also addressed the students and promised them that their grievances would be settled soon.
A delegation of the local unit of BJP, led by its General Secretary V Swaminathan addressed the students and pledged support to them.
University staff could not proceed on their two wheelers inside the premises and had to park their vehicles outside.
University officials told PTI that the Vice Chancellor was not able to turn up at her office ever since the protest broke out on July 27.
She is keeping indoors in her official residence in the vicinity of the university, they said.

domain: law


text:
“Everything about our mechanism of love and connection is based on proximity,” said Lisa Diamond, University of Utah professor and researcher of developmental psychology and health psychology. Diamond’s research focuses on sexual orientation development, sexual identity and bonding.
“Love is a proximity-seeking drive. When you love someone you reach out to them, you pull them close to you,” she said in a phone interview.
In a time of social distancing and possible quarantine, however, touching others is discouraged and increasingly more dangerous as the count of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, cases rise to 806 according to the Utah Department of Health.
State and Health officials are encouraging everyone who can stay home to do so and those who have to go to stay 6 feet apart from each other and take precautions.
On Friday, March 27, Mayor Erin Mendenhall signed a fifth proclamation, which gave Gov. Gary Herbert the force of law in Salt Lake City. The proclamation went into effect at midnight on Friday and will last for 30 days.
This places a barrier to those seeking new relationships and building connections, and for those who are currently in a relationship, it provides a new challenge.
“This is such an unprecedented situation that I have no idea what going to happen. I don’t think anyone has ever tried to initiate relationships under a condition in which they’re literally supposed to stay 6 feet away from everyone in their life,” Diamond said.
“People who have already started dating and are in a very new relationship, I think that’s probably the hardest,” she said, “To suddenly go from that early kind of falling in love phase, where you really want to talk to them all the time, to not being able to see them at all, that sort of goes against everything in our brains and in our bodies.”
Diamond said putting a sudden stop to visiting and seeing each other as much as possible is just plain painful.
Despite the obstacles they are facing, however, Diamond said, studies of newly involved couples show any kind of obstacle to spending time together can prolong the ‘heady in love feeling.’
She said there is typically a two-year period at the beginning of a relationship where couples want to be around each other all the time, which calms down after the relationship ages.
“So the one upside is that for folks who are in that newly-in-love stage, although it’s painful to be apart, you’ll probably be in that in love that stage a little bit longer because this big wrench was thrown in, preventing you from being together.”
Akinwole Brown, who recently entered a new relationship, said in a phone call that the only issue he sees right now is being restricted due to social distancing. He said at this stage of a relationship, which is fairly new — normally he would take this time to learn more about his partner and get in “comfortable phase.”
“Every time we do see each other is a time where we gotta cram everything in one little moment. We do appreciate our moments that we share a little more,” Brown said. “It has taken away from moments where we can gain a little bit more in our relationship. Whether that would be the essentials of learning [about] each other, picking up each other’s habits.”
Now, most of their dates have been limited to once a week, when they take a car ride and drive around since everything has closed down. Brown said their relationship isn’t big on texting, so they appreciate the time they do spend time together.
Brown said he has no idea how it would affect his relationship if Salt Lake City were to go on lockdown. This situation has taught him to cherish relationships in any form because “you never know when you’ll see them again. Or if they’ll be taken away.”
“Social distancing doesn’t have to mean disconnecting,” Tinder, a popular dating app, said in a mass distributed message to its users. While people self-isolate and social distance because of the COVID-19, Tinder said they have seen longer chats in areas most impacted.
“We hope to be a place for connection during this time but it’s important to stress that now is not the time to meet IRL with your match,” the message continued.
For people who are continuing to connect via dating apps, this transition is changing expectations of what communication looks like. Most dating apps, like Hinge, encourage its users to set up virtual dates through Facetime, Zoom or whatever users are comfortable with.
Hinge said in a statement that 70% of its users are down for a digital date.
Diamond said meeting one anther is typically a rather new goal of a relationship, and having to put in-person meetings on hold for an indefinite period of time would be a barrier to building a connection. She said that if she was seeking a relationship, she would probably not date during this time.
“I think folks who are actively dating will have to get used to using these technologies and having a virtual dinner,” Diamond said.
In addition to switching up how people date, Diamond said this could be a formative experience for those who are just entering the scene and it may change the way individuals date — it will be interesting to see how it all plays out.
For those in established relationships, who are now stuck together, she said that this will be a learning experience. Some may find they are even more delighted with one another, and others might find the opposite.
“There is nothing like spending 24 hours a day together to really give you a different picture of your partner,” she said, “I think people just have to remember to be gentle with themselves and with one another.”
Even if you have a great relationship, Diamond said every person has different levels of tolerance and neither person is wrong about how much time they want to spend together. She talked about how she and her partner could never imagine owning a business and working together but some people plan their whole lives together.
“The trick is to find a balance that’s gonna keep you sane and sort of get you through this, and to remember that this is a really unusual situation,” she said.
Diamond said there is nothing more antithetical to the human experience than being separated, especially in times of stress.
“It’s almost like a big human experiment,” she said, “as a relationship researcher, I just kind of look at the world and think this is the biggest test that our species has ever faced.”

domain: relationship


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Oil-Resistant Rubbers | Machine DesignOil-Resistant Rubbers These rubbers include grades suitable for service at temperatures to 250°C and having maximum resistance to oils and greases. Nov 15, 2002
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Jul 30, 2020 · Seal rubber in an airtight container to delay hardening. If possible, remove as much air (and thus oxygen) from the container as you can before sealing it. Placing rubber items in zip-close bags and using a straw to suck out most of the air can noticeably delay the hardening process.3/8 in. OD x 50 ft. Copper Oil Line-OOL50 - The Home That way you can disconnect it from the burner or tank without kinking it. If you have questions on oil codes you should contact the code enforcement official in your area. As oil is frequently treated as a potential hazardous waste it is often a member of the fire department who has had special training.
EPDM is extremely resistant to many chemicals such as Acetaldehyde, Acetamide, and Ammonia. Viton is resistant to many hydrocarbons and is best to use with chemicals in the petroleum industry. If you are looking for an oil resistant rubber, neoprene is a good choice and it also has a temperature resistance of up to 200 degrees Fahrenheit (F).Meeting SPCC Regulations: What Size Transformer Oil liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volumeDec 16, 2019 · Secondary oil containment around transformers is critical for capturing oil spills and protecting the environment. SPCC regulations provide guidance for containing oil-filled equipment. The rule specifies sizing oil containment systems to contain the contents of the largest vessel or in this case, the transformer inside the containment area.Rubber Isolators | McMaster-CarrShear Capacity per Mount. Shear Capacity per Mount; Less than 100 lbs. 100 to 199.9 lbs. liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volume Made of neoprene rubber, these mounts are oil resistant, so they're good for use under generators, HVAC equipment, electric motors, pumps, and blowers. liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volume These soft pads work well for isolating vibration with light loads such as lab and testing equipment.
Grainger has rubber sheets and rubber strips in grades and sizes to fill your industrial requirements. Find plain and adhesive-backed rubber strips and rubber sheet stock in types such as nitrile, which is ideal for gaskets, sealing and equipment protection. liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volume Oil Resistant (7032) Steam Resistant (233) Tear Resistant (114) Water Resistant liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volumeRubber Sheets, Strips, and Rolls - Rubber - Grainger liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volumeGrainger has rubber sheets and rubber strips in grades and sizes to fill your industrial requirements. Find plain and adhesive-backed rubber strips and rubber sheet stock in types such as nitrile, which is ideal for gaskets, sealing and equipment protection. liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volume Oil Resistant (7032) Steam Resistant (233) Tear Resistant (114) Water Resistant liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volumeAgricultural Hose / Farm Hose and Tubing - Agricultural liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volumeOil field equipment Hoses, Fittings, and Couplings for Oil field: pumps, frac tanks, oilfield trucking, fresh water hoses, vacuum pump hoses, pressure wash, wire braid air, hydraulic hoses. We can provide high oil resistant tank truck hose, EPDM water suction, chemical hoses, and many other customized hose for the oilfield markets.
Oil Pumps, Diaphragm Pumps, Transfer Kits + More! Ensure smooth pumping with an air operated oil transfer pump. Maintenance and upkeep is a breeze, thanks to smart design and fewer parts, which also means less pump wear and tear.Amazon liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volume: Chemical Resistant Gloves: Tools & Home liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volumeLatex Chemical Gloves Resistant Rubber PPE Industrial Safety Work Protective Long Gauntlets Gloves, 22" Black Heavy Duty Gloves, Resist Strong Acid, Alkali and Oil by Nobgum $11.99 $ 11 . 99Caster Wheel Types | Caster ConnectionHard rubber wheels have a higher load capacity than the soft rubber and will not flatten while sitting under loads, as soft rubber wheels may. They offer easy rolling ability, easy start-up and great durability. Hard Rubber wheels are resistant to most chemicals, oils, grease, solvents and cleaning agents. These wheels are NOT non-marking.
Quality Neoprene & EPDM Foam Products Neoprene and EDPM are closed cell foams that are soft, flexible and durable form-fitting sponge rubber that provides good thermal and moisture insulation. It is resistant to the Ozone, sunlight, oxidation, many chemicals and petroleum derivatives. Neoprene liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volumeDorman Products - Search ResultsRubber Expansion Plug 1-3/4 In. - Size Range 1-3/4 In. - 1-7/8 In. Application Summary: Jeep CJ5 1971-68, Jeep CJ6 1971-69, Jeep Commando 1967, Jeep DJ5 1970-66, Jeep Jeepster 1971-68EagleFlex®: Hardwall | Hardwall/Softwall Gas Pump Hoses liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volumediesel fuel and diesel fuel/biodiesel blends with nominal biodiesel concentrations up to 5% (B0B5), kerosene and fuel oil (heating oil), leaded and unleaded gasoline. Designed for durability, flexibility, and easy handling. Highly resistant to cuts, abrasions, sun
Original J-B Weld can withstand a constant temperature of 500º F. The maximum temperature threshold is approximately 600º F for a short term (10 minutes). Refer to individual product packages for more temperature information.FAQ | J-B WeldOriginal J-B Weld can withstand a constant temperature of 500º F. The maximum temperature threshold is approximately 600º F for a short term (10 minutes). Refer to individual product packages for more temperature information.Gasket Materials Guide - Mercer Gasket & ShimSoft Iron, Low Carbon Steel: 1000: Soft. Will corrode in water. Mostly used where immersed in liquid hydrocarbons. Stainless Steel, Type 304: 1000: A general-purpose, soft, corrosion-resistant, non magnetic stainless that will not harden under heat. Stainless Steel, Type 316: 1000
Garlock® gasketing is offered in a wide range of materials, including GYLON® restructured PTFE, compressed fiber gasketing, GRAPH-LOCK® flexible graphite sheet, THERMa-PUR Extreme Temperature gasketing and high performance rubber sheet products. GYLON® is a time-tested proven product that is known throughout industry as the material of choice for severe chemical services.Gasoline Tubing | McMaster-CarrOil-Resistant Soft Rubber Tubing for Fuel and Lubricants. With the best oil resistance of all our fuel and lubricant tubing, this tubing wont deteriorate or become brittle when exposed to oil even with long-term use. High-Temperature Soft Rubber Tubing for Fuel and Lubricants.HYDRAULIC FLUID LEVEL SIGHT GAUGES | Lenzreusable hose fittings & brass adapters. sae 100 r5 reusable field attachable hydraulic hose fittings; sae 100r2a skive reusable field attachable hydraulic hose fittings
Choose from three different oil tanks with 4-quart or 5-quart capacities. 4-Quart Side Fill Oil Tanks. Low-profile oil tank for rigid or early swingarm frames. Also fits with 1979-up 4-speed transmissions and aluminum primaries, but does not fit 5-speeds. This oil tank has no battery compartment, and is 1¾" shorter than the Paughco #746MAG.Hosecraft USA Rubber Hoses of Every StyleRD4 RUBBER LAYFLAT DISCHARGE HOSE RD4 is a nitrile/PVC rubber lay-flat discharge hose that is lighter and more compact in storage than standard rubber discharge hoses. It is also oil resistant, with a good temperature range. 2" to 6" diameters. -20F to 210F.How Well Do You Know Hoses? | MOTOR MagazineIf the clamp threads are cutting through the rubber, youve gone too far. SAE J1508 spells out the nitty-gritty details on the 32 (yes, 32!) most common types of hose clamps. Buried within the specs is the notion of durability torque, which is the maximum torque you can apply once to a given clamp when tightening it over a steel pin of the liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volume
If the clamp threads are cutting through the rubber, youve gone too far. SAE J1508 spells out the nitty-gritty details on the 32 (yes, 32!) most common types of hose clamps. Buried within the specs is the notion of durability torque, which is the maximum torque you can apply once to a given clamp when tightening it over a steel pin of the liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volumeHow to Repair Disintegrating Rubber | Our PastimesApr 12, 2017 · Shine with a vegetable oil like almond oil. Rubber trim on old cars may be rejuvenated with a tire dressing product like Back to Black or a rubber dye like Forever Black. Rubber car parts can also be soaked in clean power steering fluid (since the purpose of the fluid is to maintain the rubber How to Restore Natural Rubber Products | SciencingNatural rubber is made from the sap of the rubber tree, which is drained off, heated, and formed into rubber parts. Rubber has many uses; it is water-resistant, flexible, strong, and elastic. That said, over time natural rubber will tend to dry out, stiffen, and crack. It is often cheaper and easier to replace the liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volume
Also known as oil-gauging tapes, use these tape measures to check the level of oil and other fluids in deep, large containers such as tanks and vats.. Liquid in tank tape measures have a cylindrical plumb bob that sinks to the bottom of the tank. The blade indicates the distance to the surface of the liquid.. Liquid removed from tank tape measures have a rectangular plumb bob.MISUMI Tubes & Tube Accessories | MISUMIShop MISUMI Tubes & Tube Accessories at MISUMI. MISUMI offers FREE CAD download, short lead times and competitive pricing. Quote and order online today!Neoprene Traits and Applications - ThomasNetAug 29, 2020 · Its a very heat resistant rubber. When compared with natural rubber, neoprene resists gas permeation more and can function in temperatures up to 275 degrees Fahrenheit (F). Even at such high temperatures, neoprene will not physically degrade, making it better suited to long-term use in high-temperature applications than natural rubber.
Oil and Gas Drilling O-rings (ED Resistant O-rings, Norsok M-710 Seals, NACE TM0297 Seals) Automotive O-rings and Oil Seals : Good Wear Resistance Moderate Compression Set Resistance Moderate Short-Term Resilience Excellent Permeation Resistance : Neoprene® (Chloroprene) Standard: -35°F to 250°F Specialty: -67°F to 250°F : Refrigerants (Freon)Oil Drain Down | Harley Davidson ForumsJul 27, 2015 · Install the oil filler cap in tank. 1. Remove oil filler cap again and visually check for oil in the tank. 2. "If oil is not visible in the tank", install the filler cap. NOTE: If the oil pressure lamp stays lit after starting engine, immediately shut the engine off. 5. Oil Tank Lining - Blair Rubber CompanyNitrile Rubber for Oil Tank Lining. Blair's Nitrile linings are resistant to aliphatic hydrocarbons with good abrasion resistance. Nitrile is used for oil tank lining when oil
Oil-Resistant Rubbers These rubbers include grades suitable for service at temperatures to 250°C and having maximum resistance to oils and greases. Nov 15, 2002POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) CHEMICAL RESISTANCE DATAMay 30, 2019 · POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) CHEMICAL RESISTANCE DATA R Generally Resistant C Less resistant than R but still suitable for some conditions N Not resistant P a g e | 2 CANTEX INC.Chemical Resistance Guide for PVC 73F 140F 73F 140F CHEMICAL (23C) (60C) CHEMICAL (23C) (60C)Roughneck Heavy-Duty Air-Operated Oil Pump 11.9 The Roughneck® Heavy-Duty Air-Operated Oil Pump is designed for high-volume oil transfer and longer distance applications such as truck fleet service facilities. Corrosion-resistant pump has fewer moving parts in air motor for reliability. Large air porting uses compressed air efficiently and avoids icing. Includes extension tubes for a longer liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volume
Welcome to our Rubber Chemical Resistance Chart. Here is the rubber compatibility chart that rates all popular rubber materials that comes into contact with various chemicals. Use this rubber chemical resistance chart to make sure that the elastomer or O-ring seal you choose will be compatible with the particular environment.Shin-Etsu Silicone : Silicone FluidsThe Unique Properties liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volumeShin-Etsu Silicone is totally committed to meeting the needs of our customers. You have the choice of around 5,000 different kinds of high-performance silicone products to meet your needs, as they are suited to be used in various fields such as electrical, electronics, automotive, machines, chemical, textile, food, and construction.Which type of plastic sheet do I need for my application liberia oil resistant rubber soft tank oil volumeIt is also abrasion, oil, and solvent resistant, with a high resistance to sunlight and weather conditions. It has a broad temp range from -90 deg F to 180 deg F. Provides superior sound dampening properties in relation to rubber and plastics, and is also great for electrical insulating properties.
and in the second photo; oil tank length Lt; Calculate the oil tank volume or size in these steps: Measure the oil tank width, height, and length. Measure the oil tank width or Dt - as shown above ... Tank Volume Calculator - Oil TanksMar 26, 2015 · The tank size calculator on this p
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EEZING. Indoor Water Storage If you are able to store your water indoors, such as in an insulated basement or cellar, or even the garage, your water will have a better chance of not freezing. One measure you can take to prevent this from happening is to … Water Storage In Winter | Peak ProsperityN
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mpanies, as well as oil storage and pipeline companies because they are safer, more cost effective and more environmentally friendly than other floating roof … Oil Storage Tanks with a Floating Roof | LeakwiseStorm water accumulated on a concave floating roof of an oil storage tank may affect its
You can use medium rough sand paper. Sanding is necessary because of 2 things. First you will clean area and allow PE plastic stick to better bond with PE tank. Second, sanding debriefs will fill crack inside. How to Repair a Plastic Gas Tank | Car BiblesJun 24, 2019 · The first step
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domain: chemistry


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Con: Results can vary depending on how much fluid you drink. By drinking more water, you dilute the concentration of ketones in the urine and thus a lower level of ketones will be detected on the strips. The strips don’t show a precise ketone level. Finally, and most importantly, as you become increasingly keto-adapted and your body reabsorbs ketones from the urine, urine strips may become unreliable, even if you’re in ketosis.
IF as a weight loss approach has been around in various forms for ages, but was highly popularized in 2012 by BBC broadcast journalist Dr. Michael Mosley’s TV documentary Eat Fast, Live Longer and book The Fast Diet, followed by journalist Kate Harrison’s book The 5:2 Diet based on her own experience, and subsequently by Dr. Jason Fung’s 2016 bestseller The Obesity Code. IF generated a steady positive buzz as anecdotes of its effectiveness proliferated.
One downside to a ketogenic diet for weight loss is the difficulty maintaining it. “Studies show that weight loss results from being on a low-carb diet for more than 12 months tend to be the same as being on a normal, healthy diet,” says Mattinson. While you may be eating more satiating fats (like peanut butter, regular butter, or avocado), you’re also way more limited in what’s allowed on the diet, which can make everyday situations, like eating dinner with family or going out with friends, far more difficult. Because people often find it tough to sustain, it’s easy to rely on it as a short-term diet rather than a long-term lifestyle.
The Mayo Clinic Diet is designed to help you lose up to 6 to 10 pounds (2.7 to 4.5 kilograms) during the initial two-week phase. After that, you transition into the second phase, where you continue to lose 1 to 2 pounds (0.5 to 1 kilogram) a week until you reach your goal weight. By continuing the lifelong habits that you've learned, you can then maintain your goal weight for the rest of your life.
It may seem obvious to set realistic weight-loss goals. But do you really know what's realistic? Over the long term, it's best to aim for losing 1 to 2 pounds (0.5 to 1 kilogram) a week. Generally to lose 1 to 2 pounds a week, you need to burn 500 to 1,000 calories more than you consume each day, through a lower calorie diet and regular physical activity.
The low glycaemic index treatment (LGIT) is an attempt to achieve the stable blood glucose levels seen in children on the classic ketogenic diet while using a much less restrictive regimen. The hypothesis is that stable blood glucose may be one of the mechanisms of action involved in the ketogenic diet, which occurs because the absorption of the limited carbohydrates is slowed by the high fat content. Although it is also a high-fat diet (with approximately 60% calories from fat), the LGIT allows more carbohydrate than either the classic ketogenic diet or the modified Atkins diet, approximately 40–60 g per day. However, the types of carbohydrates consumed are restricted to those that have a glycaemic index lower than 50. Like the modified Atkins diet, the LGIT is initiated and maintained at outpatient clinics and does not require precise weighing of food or intensive dietitian support. Both are offered at most centres that run ketogenic diet programmes, and in some centres they are often the primary dietary therapy for adolescents.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Kossoff EH, Zupec-Kania BA, Amark PE, Ballaban-Gil KR, Bergqvist AG, Blackford R, et al. Optimal clinical management of children receiving the ketogenic diet: recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia. 2009 Feb;50(2):304–17. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01765.x. PMID 18823325
Intentional weight loss is the loss of total body mass as a result of efforts to improve fitness and health, or to change appearance through slimming. Weight loss in individuals who are overweight or obese can reduce health risks, increase fitness, and may delay the onset of diabetes. It could reduce pain and increase movement in people with osteoarthritis of the knee. Weight loss can lead to a reduction in hypertension (high blood pressure), however whether this reduces hypertension-related harm is unclear.[failed verification]
An increase in fiber intake is also recommended for regulating bowel movements. Other methods of weight loss include use of drugs and supplements that decrease appetite, block fat absorption, or reduce stomach volume. Bariatric surgery may be indicated in cases of severe obesity. Two common bariatric surgical procedures are gastric bypass and gastric banding. Both can be effective at limiting the intake of food energy by reducing the size of the stomach, but as with any surgical procedure both come with their own risks that should be considered in consultation with a physician. Dietary supplements, though widely used, are not considered a healthy option for weight loss. Many are available, but very few are effective in the long term.
The Mayo Clinic Diet is generally safe for most adults. It does encourage unlimited amounts of vegetables and fruits. For most people, eating lots of fruits and vegetables is a good thing — these foods provide your body with important nutrients and fiber. However, if you aren't used to having fiber in your diet, you may experience minor, temporary changes in digestion, such as intestinal gas, as your body adjusts to this new way of eating.
In 2008 between US$33 billion and $55 billion was spent annually in the US on weight-loss products and services, including medical procedures and pharmaceuticals, with weight-loss centers taking between 6 and 12 percent of total annual expenditure. Over $1.6 billion a year was spent on weight-loss supplements. About 70 percent of Americans' dieting attempts are of a self-help nature.

domain: medical


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It ain't just the bees. Pity the poor ladybug as well, pesticide experts in the EU say, in their new report on the injurious effects of using neonicotinoids, an insecticide banned in Europe in an effort to help declining bee populations recover. The insecticides are used widely in the U.S. where there is no ban. Though they are predominantly used on corn seeds in the Midwest, neonicotinoids are also used widely in wine grape growing in California.
Yesterday the New York Times reported the following about a new report from European Union expert scientists on neonicotinoids:
"An influential European scientific body said on Wednesday that a group of pesticides believed to contribute to mass deaths of honeybees is probably more damaging to ecosystems than previously thought and questioned whether the substances had a place in sustainable agriculture."The story went on to report:
"A growing body of evidence shows that the widespread use of the pesticides 'has severe effects on a range of organism that provide ecosystem services like pollination and natural pest control, as well as on biodiversity,' the report's authors said.
Predatory insects like parasitic wasps and ladybugs provide billions of dollars' worth of insect control, they noted, and organisms like earthworms contribute billions more through improved soil productivity. All are harmed by the pesticides."EU scientists had previously linked neonicotinoid use to health problems in humans, reporting that the chemicals affected children's developmental capacities.
Neonicotinoids are not prohibited under the Wine Institute's sustainable wine definitions nor under any other sustainability definition.
Here's where the neonics are used in California (on vineyards alone).
|Latest state data mapped by the state's Dept. of Public Health showing the use of neonicotinoids in wine grapes in California|
An earlier report on Dutch birds also pointed to the severe damage done to bird populations by the use of neonicotinoids, where university researchers found that as many as 35% of farmland birds died over a 10 year period due to low levels of neonicotinoids releasing into water supplies.
SPRING SPECIAL: NOW TESTING FOR GLYPHOSATE
Also in the news, today's Reuters Health reports that labs are getting lots of new business from the recent announcement by the United Nations' World Health Organization (WHO) that Roundup and its main, active ingredient glyphosate, are probably carcinogenic. Wrote Reuters:
"Scientists says requests spiked after a World Health Organization research unit said last month it was classifying glyphosate as 'probably carcinogenic to humans.'"The story reported that testing is revealing the presence of glyphosate in honey, soy sauce, infant formula and breast milk.
Glyphosate is a giant in wine grape pesticides used in California. More than 645,000 lbs. were applied in 2012, according to the California Dept. of Pesticide Regulation. (California has more than 500,000 acres of vineyards).
The map below shows the application of one of the most popular forms of glyphosate.
WINEWISE: WHAT TO BUY
If you LIKE insecticides and herbicides being used massively over the state, by all means, keep buying that non-organically grown wine on the supermarket shelf. Support the growers who put these chemicals into our ecosystems in the soil, air and water.
Otherwise, it's worth your while to seek out alternatives, grown by people who care about not using toxics. And when it comes to wine, you won't pay any more - there's no price premium to buy the ones that are organically grown.
Can't find organically grown wines on the shelves? Talk to your supermarket's wine director about getting some of the GOOD, organically grown table wines in the store. There's no reason for stores not to offer plenty of alternatives. They just have to make the effort and work with their distributors. So, don't suffer from bad Choice A or bad Choice B. Get the great wines - from affordable to collector quality - on the shelves.

domain: agronomy


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BUFFALO, N.Y. (WWTI) — Officials at the Port of Buffalo seized shipments of marijuana last week with a combined multi-million dollar street value. Customs and Border Protection officers and Homeland Security agents confirmed that over 2.3 tons of marijuana were seized in two commercial shipments.
According to CBP, officers assigned to the Lewiston Bridge on June 2 picked a commercial shipment labeled as “paper” for additional examination. Both the truck and trailer were sent for a non-intrusive examination that revealed anomalies.
CBP confirmed that after being escorted to the dock, s physical inspection of the shipment revealed vacuum-sealed packages contained within boxes on loaded pallets. After performing a thorough inventory of the shipment, the contents of the vacuum-sealed packages field-tested positive for the properties of marijuana. The shipment had roughly 1.5 tons of weed with an estimated street value of $2.8 million.
Earlier in the week, CBP reports that another shipment of roughly 1,663 pounds of marijuana had been discovered at the Peace Bridge in a similar commercial shipment. In total, these resulted in over 3,000 pounds of marijuana seized in a 24-hour period, with an estimated street value exceeding $6 million.
“The officers assigned to the Port of Buffalo continue to demonstrate their steadfast dedication to intercepting illegal contraband,” said Acting Buffalo Port Director Gaetano Cordone. “I am proud of their commitment to secure our border and the excellent collaboration we have with our partners at HSI.”
Both seizures are currently under investigation by Homeland Security.


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Nestled beside the Ngaruawahia Golf Course, River Terraces offers residents a unique adventure playground in a high-growth area of Hamilton. River walks and cycling tracks are moments from your front door making this development a great option for Kiwis of all ages.
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The first sleeper cars appeared on American railroads in the 1830s and could be configured for coach seating during the day. Some of the more luxurious types have private rooms.
The Cumberland Valley Railroad pioneered sleeping car service in the spring of 1839, with a car named “Chambersburg,” between Chambersburg and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. A couple of years later a
second car, the “Carlisle,” was introduced into service.
In 1865, George Pullman created a luxurious sleeping car called Pioneer and established the Pullman Co. (originally the Pullman Palace Car Co.) in 1867. This company owned and operated most sleeping cars in the US until the mid-20th century, and they were often attached to passenger trains operated by different railroads.
In the past, certain trains had sleeping cars managed by Pullman but owned by the railroad company operating the train. At the height of American passenger railroading, there were several all-Pullman trains available, such as the 20th Century Limited on the New York Central Railroad, the Broadway Limited on the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Panama Limited on the Illinois Central Railroad, and the Super Chief on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.
Today, Amtrak operates two main types of sleeping cars: the bi-level Superliner sleeping cars, built from the late 1970s to the mid 1990s, and the single-level Viewliner sleeping cars, built in the mid 1990s.


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Milwaukee Ice Fishing and Winter Sports Show: A one-stop-shop for ice fishing enthusiasts
WEST ALLIS — In a twist of irony, the warm weather we saw this weekend was actually a good thing for the ice fishing business.
The second annual Milwaukee Ice Fishing and Winter Sports Show was held this weekend, and wrapped up Sunday afternoon, December 13th.
Vendors came from all around to Wisconsin State Fair Park to display their wares for ice fishing enthusiasts.
It was a one-stop-shop for all your ice fishing needs.
Competing companies were on hand so customers could easily compare different products from different vendors.
“This is the kind of place where you just go crazy. Like a kid in a candy store is a really good analogy. I saw guys with buckets loaded with tackle, bags loaded with tackle. A lot of happy campers,” Dan Small, host of Outdoor Wisconsin said.
The event also included seminars with multiple guest speakers.
CLICK HERE to learn more about the Milwaukee Ice Fishing and Winter Sports Show.

domain: news


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A couple of summers ago we were in Cyprus, and they were towing 6/8 man bananas from the A-Frame of a 6.5m RIB (Humber?). They had mounted it at the top of the A-Frame to make sure that the tow line stayed clear of the prop, but they had then run additional lines from the top of the A-Frame to the cleat at the bow of the RIB to support the A-Frame (the only people on the RIB were the crew - no passengers usually).
When stationary the lines weren't hanging loose, but were 'tight' like a guy rope of a tent (i.e. you could move them up and down a bit). Once under way and towing, the lines were rigid - and I was uncomfortable sitting anywhere near them!!
ANYWAY - my point - the forces applied to the top of the A-Frame are very big - hence the movement in the A-Frame and tightening of the ropes that were supporting it. I'd rather use the towing eyes than just tie to my A-Frame - unless the A-Frame is designed for it.
My towing bridle is just a piece of 3-strand nylon line spliced onto carabiners - but I've put some bungee cord through the 3-strand and clip that onto the A-Frame - when not under load the bungee pulls the rope up and away from the leg - and when under load, the bungee is stretchy enough that it lets all the load go to the towing eyes and not up to the A-Frame. I've not used it that much, but when I do, I haven't managed to foul my prop (yet

domain: physics


NRI’s Dr Andrea Gatto, an environmental economist and researcher, is part of an exciting project which is exploring new perspectives for sustainable aquaculture models to enhance the resilience of the UK food system.
The Diverseafood project is led by the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), in partnership with Newcastle University, the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change at the University of Manchester, and NRI.
Diverseafood is funded through the UK’s Global Food Security Programme and is merging perspectives from different scientific fields: economics, management, biology, and other sciences. The research is focused on the west coast of Scotland – home to most of the British salmon aquaculture sites.
Aquaculture involves farming aquatic animals and/or plants in the oceans or freshwater. It can offer solutions for pressing issues connected with food security, health, unemployment, sustainability and climate change. The industry also provides opportunities in terms of new jobs, cleaner production and environmental protection.
Fish farming produces 20% of fish production in Europe and is a major source of employment with some 70,000 people relying on the aquaculture sector for their livelihoods. “With Diverseafood”, explains Dr Gatto, “we aim to show that new aquaculture systems and models could also help to diversify diets, build less polluting food production and lifestyles, and create additional income and jobs.”
Before Brexit, EU policies on aquaculture were devoted to improving its administration, and addressing issues with space, competitiveness and sustainability and currently these are still the central policies. However, since the 1st of January 2021, fish farmers are now getting to grips with the new UK-EU trade and cooperation rules.
Many aquaculture projects bring huge economic benefits to Scotland, increasing local jobs and improving conditions for the local population. In terms of pre-Brexit salmon farm production figures, Scotland was the largest EU producer, and what happens in the immediate future regarding salmon exports to the EU and overseas countries, remains to be seen.
Fish farmers are now coping with new post-Brexit hurdles to access the EU markets. This has been reflected in delays in getting the product to EU costumers and an estimated loss of £3 million just in the first week of January, from cancelled orders, discounted fish and extra staffing costs, according to information released by the Scottish Salmon Producers Organisation.
Ecological threats represent other major problems for aquaculture – especially for salmon farms. Unsustainable practices and operational challenges resulting in pollution and parasitic infestation within the farms’ waters, risk endangering ecosystems and wild species, for example when farmed fish escape into the wild.
Dr Gatto explains: “marine ecosystems are becoming increasingly vulnerable to shocks due to unsustainable practices and climate change, which results in environmental degradation for fish farming. These issues can be solved by growing diverse species in the same underwater area, reproducing the marine ecosystems and following sustainable and resilient procedures.”
NRI is working on producing research to understand some sustainability features of aquaculture, such as the local community’s perceptions towards it, models that are able to capture the economic and biological aspects, and is examining the political economic forces influencing aquaculture. The Diverseafood project will ultimately benefit the local Scottish communities, the country, and a number of regional and national stakeholders.
Dr Gatto concludes that, “despite COVID-19 and Brexit, we have managed to reach important conclusions from the field. Our studies show some interesting results and we can see clearly that local communities are likely to welcome new sustainable farming procedures that pay attention to ecological issues, although additional communication efforts are needed to help people understand these new concepts.”
To find out more about:
NRI Livelihoods & Institutions Department
Scottish Association for Marine Science
Global Food Security Programme


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Over the past week, the editorial writers at the Orange County Register have decided to launch another all out attack on the middle class. Their recent target, is higher education for the middle class. Editorial Writer Mark Landsbaum wrote in his commentary Sunday:
What we subsidize, we get more of. About 40 percent of Americans have college degrees, compared with 5 percent in 1940. This can be linked to government subsidizing higher education with direct funding and indirectly with low-interest student loans. As an Orange County Register editorial noted last week, “This has been mistaken for progress.”
I love it when Mark Landsbaum quotes himself; but I digress.
The spark that started the fire of increased college graduations was the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, known informally as the G.I. Bill, a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans. By the end of the program in 1956, roughly 2.2 million veterans had used the GI Bill education benefits in order to attend colleges or universities. An additional 6.6 million used these benefits for some kind of training program.
The G.I. Bill spurred the greatest period of economic growth our country has experienced since the Great Depression, fostering the emergence of the middle class. Recognizing the benefits of a well educated workforce, congress expanded it’s commitment to higher education by establishing the federal grant and loan programs that exist today.
The provision of funding to support secondary education costs for the middle class has placed a college education within reach for millions of Americans. A college education is no longer an entitlement for the wealthy. If a high school graduate has the grades to meet admission requirements, they can go to college.
The way Landsbaum paints the picture, “the nation accepted the misguided notion that anyone who can pick up a pencil should attend college.” This could not be further from the truth. Admission to a California State University requires at least a 3.0 Grade Point Average. Landsbaum fails to understand that a 3.o G.P.A. is not achieved by simply picking up a pencil. The most recent study of high school graduates shows that the average G.P.A. for graduates is 3.0.
Landsbaum goes on to complain about the more than $1 trillion in student loan debt as a drag on the economy and excessive burden on the taxpayers. He writes:
The New York Times two weeks ago pegged outstanding student loan debt at $1 trillion plus, identifying the root of the problem as: “Now nearly everyone pursuing a bachelor’s degree is borrowing.” Some debts exceed $100,000, which may be manageable – on a brain surgeon’s salary.
The Register’s May 29th editorial wrote of the increased percentage of Americans holding college degrees:
“This has been mistaken for progress. In reality, it is the victory of the entitlement-minded over those who foot the bill. Ironically, they often are the same young people. As with all income-redistribution schemes it has unpleasant, unintended consequences.”
Landsbaum expands his editorial attack:
“The feeding cycle is aggravated as government-backed loans and subsidies encourage colleges to accept more students because tuition is paid upfront, unlike tuition debts. The result is a lot of people are in college because they can pay for it on time, and not always the best and brightest.”
The achievement standards for college admissions are not set too low. They are challenging, yet they allow for the average high school student to have the opportunity to further their education and improve their opportunities for middle class income. Landsbaum’s attack on college graduates as misguided and leads one to believe that most college graduates are walking away with useless degrees.
Pandering to the youth vote, Obama recently said that if loan rates go up, it amounts to “basically a tax hike for more than 7 million students.” Obama would double down on the bad bets that have created this problem.
Instead, he should at least allow government interest rates to increase. That would dampen demand, and lessen the resulting debt. When students weigh real-time, out-of-pocket expenses, they should be less inclined to enroll as basket-weaving majors.
To his point about basket-weaving majors I’ll let some pesky facts clear up his ignorance.
The National Center for Education Statistics’ most recent report on Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by field of study, shows the following for 2008-09.
Business – 21.73%
Social sciences and history – 10.52%
Health professions and related clinical sciences – 7.52%
Education – 6.35%
Psychology – 5.89%
Visual and performing arts – 5.57%
Biological and biomedical sciences – 5.04%
Communication, journalism, and related programs – 4.87%
Engineering – 4.32%
Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities – 2.94%
It doesn’t look to me like basket-weaving is the dominant degree being issued. But Landsbaum’s perspective seems eerily similar to that of Ronald Reagan when he was governor of California and eliminated free secondary education that had driven California’s economic engine of growth and prosperity.
Landsbaum and the Orange County Register are dead wrong. Funding for student loans and grants is necessary to support the economic health of the middle class. To limit secondary education to only those who can afford to pay for it up front, without loans or assistance, will only serve to expand the gap between the wealthy and poor. Such a plan will return our society to a time when aristocracy ruled. The end result, and apparent goal of Mr. Landsbaum and the Orange County Register, is the destruction of the middle class.


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- published: 04 Feb 2018
- views: 35274
This algebra video tutorial explains how to write a general formula of an arithmetic sequence. It explains how to see the patterns in to the write a general equation for the sequence. Most of the sequences are arithmetic sequences. Examples include fractions and terms with alternating signs. This video provides the general formula for the nth term of an arithmetic sequence. This tutorial contains plenty of examples and practice problems. New Algebra Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTn9gVqRfKY&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BUeF2o-MlNpbRiS-oE2Kn6J&index=2 Access to Premium Videos: https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor https://www.facebook.com/MathScienceTutoring/
To support me in my journey you can donate (Paytm@ 9161123482) or Alakh Pandey ,Bank of Baroda, Rajrooppur, Allahabad,U.P IFSC: BARB0RAJROO Account No: 19210100020819 A small amount of Rs 100 even will be of great help. Follow us on: Instagram https://www.instagram.com/physicswallah/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/physicswallah IUPAC - Nomenclature of ORGANIC Carbon & its compound - Functional groups https://youtu.be/2t9BCOeWAyI Organic 02- Common Naming Of Organic Compound (short and Important for BOARDS) https://youtu.be/HdrRm4qNlv8 Organic Chemistry - 03 : General Formula Of Organic Compound - Cbse / ICSE https://youtu.be/L-O8SNDep2E Organic 04 : ALKANES : Preparation and Properties of ALKANE : Methane & Ethane : CBSE/ICSE : X CLASS https://youtu.be/Dx4504u6MBk Organic 05 :...
Álgebra - Capítulo 10 - Ecuaciones cuadráticas (playlist): https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEwR-RTQiRPVQdDRnLLmUtrE5pPA8IK_b SUSCRÍBETE: http://bit.ly/VN7586 (NO OLVIDES DAR UN ¨LIKE¨) VISITA: http://math2me.com FB: http://bit.ly/FBmath2me G+: http://google.com/+math2me Twitter: http://bit.ly/14ql1b7 (Video explicado por José Andalón) Help us caption & translate this video! http://amara.org/v/FPMg/
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/track/58wC7hkQ7qoyXkZh3Rivkm iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/mathe-songs-2016-ep/id1128496037 This is my first attempt to write a song about mathematics in english. I already wrote several songs in german which you can find in this playlist: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL542920k_cOrKlB4WaQnDD3fwdon1USR8 DorFuchs T-Shirts: http://www.DorFuchs.de/t-shirts/ (There you can buy the cap that I wear in the video.) DorFuchs on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/DorFuchs DorFuchs on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/DorFuchs DorFuchs on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/DorFuchs Website: http://www.DorFuchs.de/ Lyrics: If you try to solve a quadratic equation, I promise you: It's possible without any frustration, if you take everything, move it t...
General Formula of Alkanes Video Lecture from Alkanes Chapter of Chemistry Class 11 for HSC, IIT JEE, CBSE & NEET. Watch Previous Videos of Chapter Alkanes:- 1) Hydrocarbons and Its Classification - Alkanes - Chemistry Class 11 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDFoSv_Or0g 2) Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and Its Classification - Alkanes - Chemistry Class 11 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTSkC6hdTH8 Watch Next Videos of Chapter Alkanes:- 1) Classification of Alkanes - Alkanes - Chemistry Class 11 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ab7tvwa3yQU 2) Types of Carbon Atoms in Alkanes - Alkanes - Chemistry Class 11 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXL7W8e34ww Access the complete playlist of Chapter Alkanes:- http://gg.gg/Alkanes Access the complete playlist of Chemistry Class 11:- http://gg....
Learn how to write the rule of a sequence given a sequence of numbers. A sequence is a list of numbers/values exhibiting a defined pattern. A number/value in a sequence is called a term of the sequence. To write the explicit formula of a sequence of numbers, we first determine whether each term of the sequence is obtained by adding/subtracting a common value to the preceding term or whether each term of the sequence is obtained by multiplying a pre-determined value, called the common ratio, to the preceding term or neither. For the first case, the sequence is an arithmetic sequence and we can write the explicit formula by plugging the common difference into the arithmetic sequence explicit formula. For the second case, the sequence is a geometric sequence and we can write the explicit fo...
CLASS 10 | GENERAL FORMULA OF ALKANE, ALKENE, ALKYNE | TX ACADEMY
Alkanes, alkenes ,alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids.
► My Sequences & Series course: https://www.kristakingmath.com/sequences-and-series-course Learn how to use a list of the first several terms of the sequence to find a formula for the general term of the sequence, a_n ● ● ● GET EXTRA HELP ● ● ● If you could use some extra help with your math class, then check out Krista’s website // http://www.kristakingmath.com ● ● ● CONNECT WITH KRISTA ● ● ● Hi, I’m Krista! I make math courses to keep you from banging your head against the wall. ;) Math class was always so frustrating for me. I’d go to a class, spend hours on homework, and three days later have an “Ah-ha!” moment about how the problems worked that could have slashed my homework time in half. I’d think, “WHY didn’t my teacher just tell me this in the first place?!” So I started tut...
Explains the 'general form' of quadratic equations, and how that is used to understand the quadratic formula
For more videos and interactive applets, please visit http://www.MathVillage.info Learn how to write a formula for finding the nth term when given an arithmetic sequence.
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domain: mathematics


Semiconductors are the basic building blocks of today’s digital, electronic age, providing us with a multitude of devices that benefit our modern life, including computers, smartphones, and other mobile devices. Improvements in semiconductor functionality and performance are likewise enabling next-generation applications of semiconductors for computing, sensing, and energy conversion. Yet researchers have long struggled with limitations in our ability to fully understand the electronic charges inside semiconductor devices and advanced semiconductor materials, limiting our ability to drive further advances.
In a new study in the journal Nature , an IBM Research-led collaboration describes an exciting breakthrough in a 140-year-old mystery in physics — one that enables us to unlock the physical characteristics of semiconductors in much greater detail and aid in the development of new and improved semiconductor materials.
To truly understand the physics of semiconductors, we first need to know the fundamental properties of the charge carriers inside the materials, whether those particles are positive or negative, their speed under an applied electric field, and how densely they are packed in the material. Physicist Edwin Hall found a way to determine those properties in 1879 , when he discovered that a magnetic field will deflect the movement of electronic charges inside a conductor and that the amount of deflection can be measured as a voltage perpendicular to the flow of charge as shown in Fig. 1a. This voltage, known as the Hall voltage, unlocks essential information about the charge carriers in a semiconductor, including whether they are negative electrons or positive quasi-particles called “holes,” how fast they move in an electric field or their “mobility” (µ) and their density (n) inside the semiconductor.
A 140-year-old secret
Decades after Hall’s discovery, researchers also recognized that they can perform the Hall effect measurement with light – which are called photo-Hall experiments, as shown in Fig. 1b. In such experiments, the light illumination generates multiple carriers or electron–holes pairs in the semiconductors. Unfortunately, our understanding of the basic Hall effect provided insights into only the dominant charge carrier (or majority carrier). The researchers were unable to extract the properties of both carriers (the majority and minority carriers) simultaneously. Such information is crucial for many applications that involve light such as solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
IBM Research’s study in Nature unlocks one of the Hall effect’s long-held secrets. Researchers from KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), KRICT (Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology), Duke University, and IBM discovered a new formula and technique that enable us to simultaneously extract the majority and minority carrier information such as their density and mobility, as well as gain additional insights about carrier lifetimes, diffusion lengths and the recombination process.
To be more specific, in the photo-Hall experiment, both carriers contribute to changes in conductivity (σ) and Hall coefficient (H, which is proportional to the ratio of the Hall voltage to the magnetic field). The key insight comes from measuring the conductivity and Hall coefficient as a function of light intensity. Hidden in the trajectory of the conductivity- Hall coefficient (σ-H) curve, reveals crucial new information: the difference in mobility of both carriers. As discussed in the paper, this relationship can be expressed elegantly as: Δµ = d (σ²H)/dσ
Starting with a known majority carrier density from the traditional Hall measurement in the dark, we can solve for both majority and minority carrier mobility and density as a function of light intensity. The team named the new technique Carrier-Resolved Photo Hall (CRPH) measurement. With a known light illumination intensity, the carrier lifetime can similarly be established. This relationship and the related solutions have been hidden for nearly a century and a half, since the discovery of the Hall effect.
Beyond advances in this theoretical understanding, advances in experimental techniques are also critical to enabling this new technique. The technique requires a clean Hall signal measurement, which can be challenging for materials where the Hall signal is weak (e.g. due to low mobility) or when extra unwanted signals are present, such as under strong light illumination. For this purpose, one needs to perform the Hall measurement with an oscillating (ac) magnetic field. Like listening to the radio, one must select the desired station’s frequency while rejecting all other frequencies that act as noise. The CRPH technique goes a step further and selects not only the desired frequency, but also to the phase of the oscillating magnetic field in a technique called lock-in detection. This concept of ac Hall measurement has long been known, but the traditional technique using an electromagnetic coil system to generate the ac magnetic field was inefficient.
A precursor discovery
As often occurs in science, advances in one area are triggered by discoveries in another. In 2015, IBM Research reported a previously unknown phenomenon in physics related to a new magnetic field confinement effect, nicknamed the “camelback” effect , which occurs between two lines of transverse dipoles when they exceed a critical length as shown in Fig. 2a. The effect is a key feature that enables a new type of natural magnetic trap, called parallel dipole line (PDL) trap as shown in Fig. 2b. The PDL magnetic trap could serve as a novel platform for various sensor applications such as a tiltmeter and seismometer (earthquake sensor). Such novel sensor systems together with big data technology could open many new applications and are being studied by the IBM Research team developing a big data analytics platform called IBM Physical Analytics Integrated Repository Service (PAIRS), which hosts myriad geospatial and Internet of Things (IoT) sensor data.
Surprisingly, the same PDL element has another unique application. When rotated, it serves as an ideal system for a photo-Hall experiment to obtain strong, unidirectional, and pure harmonic magnetic field oscillation (Fig 2c). More importantly, the system provides ample space to allow large area illumination onto the sample, which is critical in the photo-Hall experiment.
The newly developed photo-Hall technique allows us to extract an astonishing amount of information from semiconductors. In contrast to only three parameters obtained in the classical Hall measurement, this new technique yields up to seven parameters at every tested light intensity . These include the mobility for both electrons and holes; their carrier density under light; recombination lifetime; and diffusion lengths for electrons, holes, and ambipolar type. All of these can be repeated N times (i.e. the number of light intensity settings used in the experiment).
This new discovery and technology will help push semiconductor advances in both existing and emerging technologies. We now have the knowledge and tools needed to extract the physical characteristics of semiconductor materials in great detail. For example, this will help accelerate the development of next-generation semiconductor technology such as better solar cells, better optoelectronics devices, and new materials and devices for artificial intelligence technology.
 “Carrier-resolved photo-Hall effect” by Oki Gunawan, Seong Ryul Pae, Douglas M. Bishop, Yudistira Virgus, Jun Hong Noh, Nam Joong Jeon, Yun Seog Lee, Xiaoyan Shao, Teodor Todorov, David B. Mitzi and Byungha Shin, 1 October 2019, Nature.
-  “On a new action of the magnet on electric currents” by E. H. Hall, 12 April 1880, Nature.
-  “A new effect in electromagnetism discovered – 150 years later” by IBM Research Editorial Staff, 20 October 2017, IBM Research Blog.
- “Carrier-resolved photo-Hall effect” by Oki Gunawan, Seong Ryul Pae, Douglas M. Bishop, Yudistira Virgus, Jun Hong Noh, Nam Joong Jeon, Yun Seog Lee, Xiaoyan Shao, Teodor Todorov, David B. Mitzi and Byungha Shin, 7 October 2019, Nature.