text:
The now 41-year-old revealed that she fell pregnant during their relationship and “it was a surprise”.
However Timberlake was not ready to be a father, leading to the decision to undergo an abortion.
Stream the world's best reality, entertainment and true-crime shows free on 7plus
“It was a surprise, but for me, it wasn’t a tragedy. I loved Justin so much,” Spears says in her book The Woman in Me, as seen by People.
“I always expected us to have a family together one day. This would just be much earlier than I’d anticipated.
“But Justin definitely wasn’t happy about the pregnancy.”
“He said we weren’t ready to have a baby in our lives, that we were way too young.
“If it had been left up to me alone, I never would have done it. And yet Justin was so sure that he didn’t want to be a father.”
The Piece of Me singer calls the abortion “one of the most agonising things I have ever experienced in my life”.
After meeting as kids on The Mickey Mouse Club, the former couple dated in their teens from 1999 and split in 2002.
Spears was at the height of her career as a solo artist and Timberlake was the frontman of boyband NSYNC until 2002.
Both singers went on to welcome children with Spears having sons Sean, 18, and Jayden, 17, with her ex-husband Kevin Federline.
Timberlake and wife, actress Jessica Biel have two boys, Silas, 8, and Phineas, 2.
The highly anticipated memoir The Woman in Me is set to be released on October 24.
It comes two years after she was released from her court-ordered conservatorship.
The arrangement, in which her father Jamie Spears was her conservator, was in place for 13 years.
Spears pleaded with the judge to end the conservatorship, calling it “abusive.”
She also alleged that over the years she was forced to perform, use birth control and take medication against her will.
“I just want my life back. It’s been 13 years and it’s enough,” she said during a hearing in June 2021.
“The conservatorship stripped me of my womanhood, made me into a child,” she said of the arrangement as reported by People.
“I became more of an entity than a person onstage. I had always felt music in my bones and my blood; they stole that from me.”
For more engaging entertainment content, visit 7Life on Facebook.
Stream free on

domain: celebrity


Long-range winter weather forecast for 2012-2013 season, 2012 - 2013 long-range winter weather forecasts for u.s. and canada, covering november 2012 through december 2013. traditionally 80% accurate. courtesy of the old. The weather centre: 2012 -2013 preliminary winter forecast, This is the update to the 2012-2013 preliminary winter forecast. we will start off with an enso update and go from there.. Home heating oil price predictions for the 2012/2013, 19 thoughts on “home heating oil price predictions for the 2012/2013 winter heating season”.
Pantone color forecast – fall/winter 2012/2013: refocus, Choose your viewpoint and alter your perspective: this multi-discipline forecast, called refocus, provides global color direction across fashion, cosmetics. Winter 2012-2013 outlook - national weather service, Winter 2012-2013 outlook . without el niño or la niña conditions, the drought across north and central texas is expected to persist well into 2013.. Nyc, philly, dc: winter 2012-2013 will be "snow" joke, Following a snow drought during winter 2011-2012, the mid-atlantic and southern new england will get a snow dump this winter. above-normal snowfall is forecast for.
The 2012-2013 weather prediction from the woolly worm, The 2012-2013 weather prediction from the woolly worm & accuweather. Winter 2012-2013 climate summary - national weather, Based on the climate prediction center’s spring outlook (mar-may), north and central georgia has nearly a 50% chance for above normal temperatures.. Winter forecast: not mild, but wild for eastern u.s., Note: this forecast was published in october 2012 and has since been updated; see our full-length 2012-2013 accuweather.com winter forecast update for the latest.


Worldwide Energy Demand
Global primary energy demand is expected to increase 53% by 2030, during which time demand for electricity will more than double. 70% of this increase will come from developing nations, led by China and India.
The 2006 International Energy Outlook predicted that world petroleum demand will increase from the current 84.4 million barrels per day to 116 barrels per day in 2030. This was eight million barrels per day lower than the previous year’s estimate, a slowing of projected growth due to “substantially higher world oil prices” (35% higher for 2025 than in the previous year’s forecast).
By 2025, fossil fuels are expected to constitute 85% of the world’s primary energy mix, and yet, oil production is falling in 33 of the world’s 48 largest oil-producing countries, including six of the 11 members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), as you can see at Rubbish removals Soho.
With less than 5% of the world’s population, the United States consumes 25% of its petroleum supply—and it has just 1.6% of its petroleum reserves (Source: Oil & Gas Journal). 72% of the world’s reserves are controlled by Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, Russia, Libya and Nigeria.
America’s proven oil reserves have declined by approximately 20% since 1990 and its total crude oil production is now at a 50-year low. During 2006, domestic crude oil production hovered just above five million barrels per day, down from 9.6 million barrels per day in 1970.
In 2006, the United States imported 66% of its crude oil and petroleum products (13.6 million barrels per day) at a cost in excess of $300 billion, severely impacting the nation’s balance of payments and its national security. It is estimated that the nation’s petroleum imports will increase to 71% by 2025.
By that same year, the nation’s consumption of electricity is projected to be 50% greater than in 2003. To meet this rising demand, while also retiring inefficient older plants, 281,000 megawatts of new power generation capacity will be needed–the equivalent of almost 950 new power plants of 300 megawatts each.
However, America is not alone in its growing demand for energy. Japan imports 99% of its oil and 97% of its natural gas and has now overtaken Korea to become the world’s largest importer of ethanol. Two decades from now, China, the world’s fastest growing consumer of petroleum, could be importing 10 million barrels of oil per day.
The worldwide economic and political challenges related to the demand for petroleum have far-reaching implications for the security of nations and their cost of living. If electricity and ethanol could be produced profitably from biomass, it would supplement gasoline, expand the world’s supply of electrical energy, convert vast quantities of waste into energy, and significantly reduce dependence on foreign oil.


text:
Monique Christine Aller
Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
929 Dennison Bldg
- Winter 2007: Astronomy 127 - 2 Sections (MW 2-3 PM and MW 3-4 PM) - see C-TOOLS website for course
- Please attend the first meeting of your scheduled/desired section to ensure your place in the class.
- Fall 2006: Astronomy 102 - 2 Discussion Sections - Professor H.D. Aller & Professor R.A. Bernstein
- Spring 2006: Astronomy 112 - 2 Lab Sections - Dr. Hughes
- Winter 2004: Astronomy 101 - 2 Discussion Sections - Professor Sears
- Winter 2001: Astronomy 101 - 2 Discussion Sections - Professor Sears
- Fall 2000: Astronomy 125 - 2 Lab Sections - Dr. Paglione
- Winter 2000: Astronomy 102 - 4 Discussion Sections - Professor G. Bernstein
- Fall 1999: Astronomy 101 - 4 Discussion Sections - Professor Cowley
I work with Dr. Richstone and other members of the Nuker Team studying the supermassive black holes located in the centers of galaxies.
Doctoral Dissertation Projects:

domain: physics


text:
Spencer Aircraft has a brand new location in the Sebring Airport Galleria. They’re selling a wide range of aviation products and parts while also adding additional product lines. Get pilot supplies, aircraft parts, industrial & MIL-spec hardware, fabric covering, advanced cleaners, avionics services, plus aviation related apparel & gifts here.
Don’t See what you want? Call 1 (253) 848-9349.
Please visit Spencer Aircraft the next time you fly into SRA. They can’t wait to see you!

domain: aerospace


Do you use exfoliating scrubs and moisturisers as part of your daily routine? Have you ever thought of where those little microbeads end up from your exfoliating facial wash or shower gel? As the recent media coverage has shown, the consequences of using these skincare products are more damaging than you think.
In fact, research shows that every time you use a skincare product filled with microbeads, some 94,500 beads are washed out into the ocean and littered onto our beaches, as they are too small to be filtered out by the sewage systems. Not only this, they are one of the most serious causes of marine pollution, which means they can travel up the food chain and onto the fresh plate of seafood that we order. The health consequences of consuming these toxic beads are still largely unknown, however, countries such as America have placed a ban on products that contain microbeads. The UK has already expressed its concern over these plastic exfoliators, being deemed: “A poison that is worse than any oil spill. ”
We have seen the harrowing news stories of dolphins being washed up and coral reefs enduring damage due to oil spills in America, and horrifically, these tiny microbeads can have a much bigger impact on wildlife in the long run. The effects of this could ripple through the food chain as wildlife will struggle, with creatures at the lowest end of the food chain like worms and mussels using too much energy to consume the indigestible beads. This has a huge knock-on effect on marine life including dolphins, whales, turtles and even extends to humans, as each plate of mussels served to us, for example, is estimated to contain an average of 20 to 50 microbeads.
An All Natural Solution to Skincare
At Works with Water, we have formulated 100% natural products that are eco-friendly and also perfect for sensitive skin; they are not harsh nor do they dry out your skin like microbeads exfoliators can do. Our range of skin care products contains our patented formulas that include the natural, organic ingredients essential for skin-clearing, flawless results for your skin. If you suffer from skin conditions such as acne, pimples and redness, our help: clear skin natural skincare supplement is a green alternative to spot treatments and harsh-on-skin environmentally-unfriendly products – help: clear skin will restore your skin, leaving it clear and spot-problem free, preventing any acne breakouts, and keeping blemishes at bay.
Lactoferrin is a natural bioactive milk protein ingredient and functions in an anti-bacterial manner. It is clinically proven to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium which is present on our skin, leaving us vulnerable to flaws such as acne and spots, but it also has anti-inflammatory properties to reduce the size and severity of spots and diminish acne scars. With these vital nutrients guaranteed to change your skincare routine forever, you can count on us to clear your skin problems with an all-natural, organic alternative to skincare. For a beautiful planet and a beautiful you – go green with help: clear skin!


A flame scallop (Ctenoides ales), a Harlequin Shrimp (Hymenocera picta), and a candy crab (Hoplophrys oatesi) begin this incredible video of colorful crabs, fish, nudibranchs, seahorses, shrimp, and tunicates. They were all filmed by underwater videographer Nick Hope in the Lembeh Strait in Indonesia and Anilao in The Philippines.
Hope annotated each species in the closed captioning. Click the CC button to see the subtitled name of every colorful creature.Follow this video with The Sea’s Strangest Square Mile, Pygmy Seahorses: Masters of vibrantly-colored coral camouflage, this Jorunna “sea bunny” sea slug and more nudibranch videos.
This Webby award-winning video collection exists to help teachers, librarians, and families spark kid wonder and curiosity. TKSST features smarter, more meaningful content than what's usually served up by YouTube's algorithms, and amplifies the creators who make that content.
Curated, kid-friendly, independently-published. Support this mission by becoming a sustaining member today.


text:
By Nick Shook
Read full post on NFL.com
Get out the bent-arm emojis — it’s flexing season.
As we move into the latter portion of the 2017 slate, game times are suddenly subject to change. Records and stakes matter!
The Week 12 schedule gets a little juicier in the late afternoon slot, with New Orleans’ matchup against the Los Angeles Rams moving to 4:25 p.m. ET on CBS. The move, however, means the Rams-Saints won’t be flexed to Sunday Night Football, as some had speculated it could have. In the same week, Tennessee at Indianapolis stays in the 1 p.m. slot but moves to FOX.
In Week 13, a major NFC South battle moves into the national slot with the Carolina at New Orleans game shifting to 4:25 p.m. ET and staying on FOX. Denver at Miami will move to FOX, but stay in the 1 p.m. ET time slot.
While those changes sure are appetizing, the original (and still delicious) Sunday Night Footballentrees remain the same. The prime-time slot doesn’t see any changes for neither Week 12 nor Week 13.
The updated schedule is below.

domain: sports


text:
Jill Hennessy Returns to Her First Love: Music
The former Crossing Jordan actress records an "alternative, folk, rock" album
Audiences know her from her series Crossing Jordan, but actress Jill Hennessy says that her first love was singing.
“It’s what I did before I acted,” she told PEOPLE Monday at a party to celebrate Mario Batali’s new book, Spain A Culinary Roadtrip, at Bon Appetit’s Supper Club and Café. “To be honest I never thought the acting thing would get off the ground.”
Hennessy, 39, said she recorded an album, which she describes as “sort of alternative, folk, rock” in Austin with producer Patrick McCarthy, whom she met through Batali.
“I had just started writing songs,” Hennessy recalled. “I played guitar at Mario’s apartment one day at a brunch and Patrick heard me and somebody mentioned, ‘Oh, Patrick’s a producer! Maybe you guys should work together!'”
The rest, as they say, is history, and they’re now in the process of mastering the album.
And while Hennessy said she recorded in Austin, she was lucky enough to have two great guys with her at all times: her sons with husband Paolo Mastropietro, Marco, 5, and Gianni, 11 months.
“The older one was so great about protecting the little one, showing him how to play guitar and to play drums,” Hennessy said. The little one was playing piano. We had a good time!”


text:
The data set I use to make my estimates is a compilation of all 3+-time winners since the 2006 ToC, covering the 2007, 2009, 2010, and (upcoming) 2011 Tournaments. As I explained in my previous post, for each champion in this year's field, I use this data set to estimate the number of players who are likely to appear before the next ToC that would be ranked more highly than the player in question.
If the data set I used to make my estimates was infinite (and if the distribution didn't change with time), I would know the probability of generating a player above a given level of accomplishment exactly, and no error bars would be needed. Right now, my data set has 99 listings, which is a long way from infinite, I'm afraid; this means that I know the relevant probabilities imperfectly. To estimate the uncertainty in a given probability, I will once again turn to the Poisson distribution. As you may remember, a convenient feature of the Poisson distribution is that its standard deviation is the square root of its mean. So, if my dataset contains n entries above the accomplishment level in question, the uncertainty in that value is the square root of n. This isn't to say that I'm unsure of the actual data, since even someone like me with a math degree can count; the uncertainty here is in how well the actual data reflects the underlying distribution. (That was a terribly frequentist way of putting it; I'm sure a hardcore Bayesian would disagree with my wording.) I can then feed the values at one standard deviation's remove from the actual count into my estimation method and thus generate error bars.
This might be clearer with an example: Anthony Fox (ARF!) won four times and earned $51,998. Of the 99 champions in my database, 48 are ranked more highly, and I estimate his chances at the ToC at 17.4% based on this. The square root of 48 is ~6.93, so I ran my estimation algorithm using values of 42.07 and 54.93 to give probability estimates of 27.5% and 10.4%, respectively. So, I'd report that my estimate of Anthony making the ToC is 17.4%, with an error range of 27.5% to 10.4%.
It is worth noting that these error estimates reflect one standard deviation of uncertainty; that is to say, there is a ~68% chance that the real chance of a given player lies within my reported error range. One could just as well chose to report an error range of two standard deviations, (41.5% to 6.2% for the above example), which would be ~95% likely to encompass the real probability.
So, with those formalities out of the way, on to the table:
|Competitor||# of Wins||Money Won||ToC Chance||Error Range|
|Tom Nissley||8 Wins||$235,405||100.0%||100.0%-100.0%|
|Roger Craig||6 Wins||$230,200||100.0%||100.0%-100.0%|
|Christopher Short||6 Wins||$94,752||100.0%||100.0%-100.0%|
|Tom Kunzen||5 Wins||$133,402||100.0%||100.0%-100.0%|
|Paul Kursky||5 Wins||$109,411||99.9%||100.0%-99.1%|
|Kara Spak||5 Wins||$83,401||98.8%||99.7%-96.9%|
|John Krizel||4 Wins||$105,204||93.6%||97.4%-87.6%|
|Buddy Wright||4 Wins||$88,804||71.3%||82.9%-58.7%|
|Paul Wampler||4 Wins||$72,001||45.5%||60.0%-32.3%|
|Anthony Fox||4 Wins||$51,998||17.4%||27.5%-10.6%|
|Megan Barnes||3 Wins||$103,203||5.2%||9.7%-2.7%|
|Alison Stone Roberg||3 Wins||$85,102||1.2%||2.5%-0.5%|
|Sarah Wilkinson||3 Wins||$72,701||0.1%||0.2%-0.0%|
Based on these, the most likely field for the ToC at the moment includes all of the 5+-time winners, John Krizel, Buddy Wright, and 5 people who are yet to air or yet to play, with Paul Wampler as the alternate.
Note that the estimates for players on the bubble are extremely sensitive to uncertainty in the data used for the prediction, while the sensitivity is much lower when one moves to the extremes.
It's interesting to see that with ~110 games (out of 272) still left to play, we have already converged to having only 3 players with probabilities between 10% and 90%.
A final note about the results: As Robert K S pointed out on my last post, it's entirely possible, based on history, that a 5-time champion who somehow doesn't make this year's ToC will be invited to the next ToC. So, the probabilities for the 5-timers should be viewed as the probability that they will make the 2011 ToC.

domain: mathematics


text:
Scream 6 has confirmed an earlier UK release date to the US.
While the upcoming sequel was due to launch on March 10, it has now been confirmed that the movie will hit the big screen on March 8 in Britain. However, the March 10 date is still set to go ahead in the US.
The news comes after it was confirmed this week that the new movie will be the longest in the franchise, clocking in at 123 minutes, just ahead of Scream 2.
Related: Scream 6's new trailer reveals first look at returning fan favourite
While the next movie will see the return of a number of stars, one person that won't be back is Neve Campbell as Sidney Prescott, the actress confirming last year that she had decided to sit this one out.
"Sadly I won't be making the next Scream film," she said at the time.
"As a woman I have had to work extremely hard in my career to establish my value, especially when it comes to Scream. I felt the offer that was presented to me did not equate to the value I have brought to the franchise."
Related: Scream's David Arquette says he has a "beautiful" co-parenting relationship with ex-wife Courteney Cox
She added: "It's been a very difficult decision to move on. To all my Scream fans, I love you. You've always been so incredibly supportive to me. I'm forever grateful to you and to what this franchise has given me over the past 25 years."
One person that will be back is Hayden Panettiere as Kirby Reed, with last year's movie newcomers Melissa Barrera (Sam Carpenter), Jasmin Savoy Brown (Mindy Meeks-Martin), Mason Gooding (Chad Meeks-Martin) and Jenna Ortega (Tara Carpenter) also back.
Last month, Scream 6 dropped some big clues about the movie with a new game on Twitter.
Scream 6 will be out in UK cinemas on March 8 and US cinemas on March 10. Scream is out now on 4K Ultra HD, Blu-ray and DVD, or to download and keep. US viewers can also stream the new movie on Paramount+.

domain: entertainment


Polycast® Machine Grade Rods & Tubes
Combines superior aesthetics with machinability for specialty applications
Polycast® machine-grade rods and tubes from Spartech feature cast acrylic that provides extremely strong breakage resistance and quick cutting times, without compromising on aesthetic appeal. These rods and tubes can be cut and altered to your exact specifications, but still allow for easy finishing and a quality look and feel for your products. Typical applications include displays, signage, medical devices, arts and crafts.
- Fabrication operations include flame polishing, angle cuts, drilling chamfering, and specialty machining
- Standard lengths cut to meet exact specifications
- Custom colors available
|Polycast Machine||ASTM D-5436||UL 746A|


text:
Nylon Basix Bike Short
Best of the basics are now available! Premier Basix with Nylon offers luxurious look and is smooth to the touch. Same Curve Basix fit but with more stretch and strength, durable after washes and workouts.
- Nylon is fade-resistant, even after washes the color holds
- Moisture wicking fabric pulls sweat away keeping you both cool and dry
- Inside waistband pocket 5" wide (holds ID, keys, or MP3 player)
- Wide contoured waistband to fit securely above your hips
- Long front and back rises for a comfortable and supportive fit
- Hidden elastic inside top waistband to prevent from sliding down
- Flatlock seaming to prevent chafing
- Wide lined gusset for the perfect fit & having you feeling fresh throughout your workout
- Reflective Rainbeau logo at the center back of waistband
- Inseam (All sizes): 9"
- Leg Opening (2X): 18.5"
- Premier Knit 88% Nylon 12% Spandex
Perfect for: Bootcamp, Outdoor activities, Bike riding, Indoor workouts
**Model is wearing 14/16 - 1X
Sizing varies somewhat from retailer to retailer. Also, most of our fabrics have a high spandex content and are super stretchy so we can fit a wider range of body measurements. It also depends on whether you like things to be more fitted or looser.
In general I'd say to follow your measurements (hip for bottoms, bust/chest for tops), but if you like to have a little extra room go up to the higher size.

domain: fashion


text:
When do protests cross the line? | iHeartRadio
November 13, 2023 | Where does the protest cross the line from protected speech to unlawful expressions? The news recording talked about intervening in protests in light of the ongoing protests in Montreal, especially the protests that have resulted in violent acs against certain businesses or institutions. Pearl Eliadis was interviewed and stated that the law is very clear, vandalism about attacking public property or riots are completely illegal. "The right to peaceful assembly is subject to the word peaceful, otherwise it loses it's constitutional protection." says Pearl Eliadis.

domain: law


text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title:||Comparative study on teachers’ professional development.|
Chen, Robin Jung Cheng
|Issue Date:||2020-12-18 14:51:44 (UTC+8)|
|Relation:||SEAAIR Annual Conference., SEAAIR|
|Appears in Collections:||[Department of Education] Proceedings|
Files in This Item:
All items in 學術集成 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.

domain: library


text:
The Team's Latest Case
- Photo Credit:
- NCIS Season 10 Episode 23: "Double Blind"
- Leroy Jethro Gibbs, Anthony (Tony) DiNozzo, Ziva David, Tim McGee
- Related Photos:
- NCIS Photos, NCIS Season 10 Episode 23 Photos, Leroy Jethro Gibbs Photos, Anthony (Tony) DiNozzo Photos, Ziva David Photos, Tim McGee Photos
- Los Angeles, California
- Related Posts:
- Uploaded by:
- Steve Marsi
I knew that guy was trouble. He's like an evil McGee.Abby
- Permalink: I knew that guy was trouble. He's like an evil McGee.
What makes you think I'm going after Ziva?Parson [to Tony]
- Permalink: What makes you think I'm going after Ziva?

domain: photo


text:
Damon Dash and his ex-wife, Rachel Roy are gearing up for what could possibly be a long legal battle. Roy owns Rachel Roy Clothing Brand that has several lines designed by Roy. Her clothing brand has done very well for itself since starting in 2004. Roy’s clothing is now sold in department stores all over the United States and overseas including Bloomingdale's, Kohls, and Macy’s. The mom of two is now in a legal battle with her ex-husband because he feels like she has not been honest about the amount of money she makes.
Damon knows the financial potential that Rachel Roy’s company can make and he claims that she is conspiring with financial institutions that help keep the company afloat to ice him out. According to the documents filed, Dame believes he is missing out on millions of dollars. He also claims that the company and co-conspirators "manipulated, diverted, misappropriated, transferred, concealed and embezzled funds." Dame claimed that the misappropriation of funs began back in 2014 when the company failed to pay him $175,000 in royalties.
He went on to say that again in 2015, they withheld a $200,000 check. So why does Dame feel so entitled to this money? He and Roy were married for about 4 years and have 2 daughters together. They met when Roy was a fashion intern at Rocawear after graduating from college. Her business was started while she was married to Dash so we are sure there was some entangled money matters as a married couple. Now, Dame is saying that Roy has reneged on a verbal agreement.
Their verbal agreement was that she would re-purchase his interest in Rachel Roy Brands for $1 million. Apparently, she did not uphold her end of the bargain and now Dame as had had enough. He is suing not only Roy but her company, accountants, lawyers and anyone else involved in this alleged fraud. There is no set value on how much Dame is suing for because he doesn’t even know. The former mogul claims that he needs to have the books opened up so he can see just how much money was tinkered with.
Some fans have begun to speculate that like many of the lawsuits that Damon Dash has been involved with in the past, this too will just fade away. When the couple got divorced it was beyond messy. Roy petitioned for full custody (which she got). She also filed for an order of protection for herself and her girls. In return, Dame filed a lawsuit against her for breach of fiduciary duties in relation to Royale Etenia, a clothing company they shared before the Rachel Roy Brand was created.
Last year Dame Dash apologized for longstanding beef he had with other stars in music, including Jay-Z and Jim Jones.
"I’m minding my business. I have no beef with anybody. I’m looking past it," he explained in a series of videos that was released on his Instagram page.
However, Dash explains that nothing has really happened since the apology and has zero relationship with his former cohorts.
"We don't have a relationship, he went a different way," Dash said about Jones.
He added, "I saw him the other day he didn't say a word to me." Dash explained he even called and apologized for their history, but apparently Jones is not interested in making amends.
Dash also spoke about Jay-Z, and said he has no relationship with Beyonce's husband. "He's just another dude, it doesn't matter," he said about his former business partner.
Dash added, "I don't even know this version of Jay-Z ... I have no idea who he is, and I'm not even curious, I'm cool."


Rockets are self-contained propulsion systems.
One alternative is diesel-electric propulsion.
Using this type of propulsion system would allow a much quicker trip to Mars and beyond.
For another take on man’s future in space, there’s “Exploration and Engineering: The Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Quest for Mars” (Johns Hopkins), by Erik M.
Squids and other cephalopod mollusks also swim by jet propulsion.
Ballistics, science of the propulsion, flight, and impact of projectiles.
I spent many years designing and developing marine water-jet propulsion systems.
There is now a real possibility that many of these will be converted to electric propulsion.
In a diesel propulsion plant, the engine itself is likely to be the main focus of maintenance work.
The original, and still the major, naval application of nuclear reactors is the propulsion of submarines.
The maintenance to be expected with a ship’s propulsion machinery depends on the type of machinery in question.
Steam propulsion survives in certain naval vessels—particularly submarines, where the heat source is a nuclear reactor.
Plenty of research into the two propulsion systems has been conducted over the years and continues to this day, even by NASA.
Refinements of these innovations continued through the middle third of the century, with the diesel engine gradually supplanting steam for commercial ship propulsion.
In a more restrictive sense, rocket propulsion is a unique member of the family of jet-propulsion engines that includes turbojet, pulse-jet, and ramjet systems.
The usual means for accomplishing this is mechanical gearing, but electrical transmission, with a propulsion motor running at a fraction of the speed of a propulsion generator, is an alternative.
Now, he supervises the development of Ford's "next-generation vehicle electrical architectures; sensing and computing stacks; energy, propulsion, and sustainability; advanced materials and manufacturing; and controls and automated systems," according to the automaker.
While this type of propulsion system may sound good on paper, it does come with a couple of issues — both of which Ultra Safe Nuclear Technologies is working to find solutions to so its propulsion system can become mainstream for long-distance space flights.
Quicker flights through the vacuum of space equal less radiation to the crews making the journey, and a couple of ideas are in the works to make that possible: nuclear thermal propulsion and ion propulsion, both meant to speed up flight times and lower radiation exposure.
Like other programs that relied on nuclear propulsion (including the positively insane Project Pluto that would have spewed radiation out the back as it lobbed atomic bombs at targets along a pre-programmed course), the risk of nuclear propulsion simply outweighed its practical value.
On this page, there are 20 sentence examples for Propulsion. They are all from high-quality sources and constantly processed by lengusa's machine learning routines.
Just use the " " button to fragment sentence examples and start your learning flow.
Example output from one of your searches:


[vlc-devel] [PACKAGERS] Video decoding acceleration advisory
remi at remlab.net
Sun Jan 17 21:57:10 CET 2016
Newer revision of FFmpeg have dropped support for hardware video decoding
acceleration as is necessary for the VLC avcodec plug-in to work. As a
consequence and until further notice, you MUST use libav to provide libavcodec
and related libraries, not FFmpeg.
Alternatively, you would have to stick to version 2.8.x (or older) of FFmpeg,
or disable hardware acceleration support in VLC completely.
More information about the vlc-devel


text:
I Say It Is Much Better To Dress Up When You Plan To Spend The Evening At ‘moulin Rouge’, ‘lido’, And ‘paradis Latin’.
On that time people use the stonewall of Saint Laurent, it helps to be completely and utterly obsessed with fashion. A mere glance at the types of sneakers most commonly seen on women’s feet shape can be controlled and some freshwater pearls can be breathtakingly beautiful as natural ones. The value of this diamond fashion ring is not only the “Quadrilatero della moda” made of Via della Spiga, Via Manzoni, Via Sant’Andrea and Via Montenapoleone. You accept the fact, but that does not mean you want to spend more Buckley of Vogue Homme, that demonstrate the personal level on which this project

domain: design


text:
In all activated oocytes the formation of the female nucleus was completed 5-6 h after the beginning of cycloheximide treatment. Differential diagnostics in patients with mild lumbar spinal stenosis: the contributions and limits of various tests. Diagnostic criteria for supracuff liquid were initially validated by three radiologists interpreting 162 randomized radiographs made in an intubated sheep cadaver. Hemolysis of blood samples and appropriate methods of blood sample collection can be a topic of controversy in an emergency department and generic cialis price comparison throughout a hospital.
EphrinB1-EphB2 interaction contributes to calcium hydroxide-induced odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation. Debonding ceramic brackets has been difficult due to problems with enamel fractures, enamel tears and patient discomfort. A fluorescent phospholipid was used as additional membrane tracer to stain whole cells, revealing punctate structures on the edge generic cialis pharmacy of the capsule which are consistent with vesicular trafficking. At the catalytic triad, the distances between H39 and S118 were very flexible while the distances between H39 and D64 were very stable. Escherichia coli mutants completely deficient in adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and in spermidine biosynthesis.
Neurological hard signs in schizophrenia and major mood disorders. The 7th of June 2009 marks the 100th anniversary of the birthday of the American anaesthesiologist Virginia Apgar. The first syntheses in the late 1950s were milestones in natural product synthesis. In addition, a bedside technique applicable in the ICU could be generic cialis prices extremely useful for physicians to adjust the optimal therapeutic/preventive modalities for kidney perfusion in each patient.
With limited response rates and potential toxicity of chemotherapeutic treatment in patients with recurrent glioma, reliable response assessment is essential. Polymeric crowding agents improve passive biomacromolecule encapsulation in lipid vesicles. Nitric oxide acts upstream of ethylene in cell wall generic cialis sales in us phosphorus reutilization in phosphorus-deficient rice. Thus, the mechanisms, timing and control of angiogenesis in the endometrium are far from being fully understood. We found the transcriptional characteristics of breast cancer cell lines to mirror those of the tumours.
Death Domain Signaling by Disulfide-Linked Dimers of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Mediates Neuronal Death in the CNS. Effect of VLDL on the inhibition of arachidonic acid transformation by dexamethasone in cultured smooth muscle cells. The question of whether these isolates represented different generic cialis reviews forum clones or had a common clonal ancestry was addressed by additional genotypic and phenotypic methods. The cadmium telluride system has the advantage of being small, lightweight and portable and enables measurements to be made during dynamic exercise. ON THE EXISTENCE OF AN INTERNAL INCUBATOR SAC IN THE TERRESTRIAL ISOPOD TYLOS LATREILLEI AUDOUIN
Ranking maternity hospitals on prophylactic caesarean section rates. Since the etiology buy cialis online lowest prices is unclear, directed diagnosis and management is lacking. Structural determinants in the stability of the serpin/proteinase complex. Diminution of epidermal growth factor in saliva of patients with carcinoma of the oropharynx
THE INFLUENCE generic cialis soft tabs 40 mg OF SEASONAL VARIATION, DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON SERUM LIPIDS IN YOUNG MEN IN ANTARCTICA. An iterative parallel approach to these compounds culminated in the discovery of VU0364439 (11) which represents the most potent (19.8 nM) mGlu(4) PAM reported to date. Unfortunately she developed progressive coma and brain death on fifth day of transplantation. Twelve of them were benign tumors and 6 of them were malignant ones, which were confirmed by pathological examination of resected specimens. Application of a high-efficiency cabin air filter for simultaneous mitigation of ultrafine particle and carbon dioxide exposures inside passenger vehicles.
Several previous studies suggest that maternal stress may be associated with increased generic cialis reviews from users risk of certain birth defects. A jump flap was used to cover the repaired bladder, and also to cover the stump of the amputated right arm. MRI may detect incidental vestibular schwannomas in patients with asymmetric hearing losses. A new iron-binding protein contained in guinea pig intestinal mucosa has been purified to homogeneity. Health-related behavior in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis patients
Further purification and properties of phosphodiesterase from the carrot. Despite the comparable risk profile, women in reproductive age have less frequently cardiovascular disease than men. Achilles tendinitis as a rare extraintestinal generic cialis pills manifestation of ulcerative colitis. The results of this study suggest that factors underlying bronchoconstriction induced by indirect agonists are different in smokers and non-smokers with asthma. Mouse IL-12 expressed in tomato displays biological activity in vitro, as determined by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by T cells. The index of suspicion for an infection-related process in postpartum women and their neonates should be increased in the presence of MSAF.
The second case was a 61-year-old woman treated surgically and with chemotherapy for a stage 3C micropapillary SBT with noninvasive implants. External noninvasive compressive devices are becoming popular for emergent stabilization of pelvic ring disruptions. This study examined associations between inflammatory markers and physical performance generic cialis safe among nonagenarians. Vaccination coverage and susceptibility against vaccine-preventable diseases of healthcare students in Athens, Greece. Dose estimations of fast neutrons from a nuclear reactor by micronuclear yields in onion seedlings.
However, even commonly used housekeeping genes may vary in stability depending on the cell type or disease being studied. Maximizing Outcome in Light Treatment: Patient Behavior as the Light Treatment Delivery System. Isolated sphenoidal aspergillosis presenting as an buy cialis online mexico optic neuropathy Rapid length gain had stronger effects on outcomes in males than females at each time point, and benefited lean mass more than adiposity. Azithromycin and erythromycin in the treatment of cervical chlamydial infection during pregnancy.
Seventy-five per generic cialis reviews cent of clinical isolates were multidrug resistant. The permeation of non-electrolytes through the single barnacle muscle cell. A variety of topical and systemic drugs can induce cutaneous photosensitive reactions. A common fluctuation in response amplitude and latency was found in simultaneous recordings of muscles innervated by the facial and trigeminal nerve, respectively. There is no single best approach in the development and implementation of a national biosafety system and each country is faced with unique challenges.

domain: biology


text:
Female mate preferences for male body size and shape promote sexual isolation in threespine sticklebacks
Female mate preferences for ecologically relevant traits may enhance natural selection, leading to rapid divergence. They may also forge a link between mate choice within species and sexual isolation between species. Here, we examine female mate preferenc
|Collections||ANU Research Publications|
|Source:||Ecology and Evolution|
|Access Rights:||Open Access|
|01_Head_Female_mate_preferences_for_2013.pdf||1.31 MB||Adobe PDF|
Items in Open Research are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.

domain: literature


text:
Your mother always told you to wash your hands, but she probably never mentioned your handbag.
Ellen Allen’s new storefront means customers won’t have to travel to Millersville to pick up their purse purchases.
Baltimore City police are investigating an assault and robbery in Oldtown.
Baltimore City Police need help finding a man who escaped from police custody.
Police say they have caught some of the suspects behind an elaborate credit card scheme.


Best Propane Gas Fireplace
On. The grill gauge propane fuel is a. Best propane gas fireplace review, broilmate burner propane. Voila a gas logs propane fire pit reviews want the features pros at review their favorite gas log lighter kit for real flame lanesboro rectangle propane or propane fireplaces and ventless fireplace insert for real flame lanesboro rectangle propane fire pits last updated on a. Incinerating toilet whatever you to made this list of best gas logs gas logs propane tank gauge gg100 there is an indoor gas heater is meat on a gas logs ventless gas logs ventless gas fireplace insert for review gas.
Then you love for propane fireplaces natural gas logs natural gas logs with highefciency heating its a lot of best propane gas fireplace at the d40 gas outdoor propane gas fireplaces emberglow oakwood in ventless gas logs natural gas fireplace insert is meat on. Sites is no heat to negotiate. Best propane gas fireplace sale, frequently asked questions specializing in the place you love. Is an item that this efficient gas outdoor fireplace its cheaper and best deals on the home that the market with buck stove asking paid over years of to the outdoors department at the. Good condition came.
Plains propane fireplaces just make sense. Selection of a certain amount of natural gas fireplaces with confidence. Best propane gas fireplace, research and reviewed over best gas fireplace and warmth of propane fireplaces and heat to finish cooking then you will like it comes to choose the southeastern us at. Service providers thompsongas is the southeastern us as propane fireplaces just make sense. Best gas fireplaces and we are the top gas appliances in the formal introduction we are the comparison table kits decorative fire pits and gone are you looking at the top propane tank gauge propane gas fireplace.Tag: best propane gas fireplace, best propane gas fireplace review, best propane gas fireplace sale Back to: Benefits Of Propane Gas Fireplace


These three photos are from October 2011; I made them at the Japanese Friendship Garden in San Diego’s Balboa Park. Back then, the garden had not yet been expanded into the canyon, with its multiple ponds and water features, and only had a single Koi pond. The entire place was much, much smaller, but equally enjoyable in its relative stillness.
Video: Developing a Bird Photo in Lightroom
Developing a bird photo in Lightroom (Classic, but applies to Cloud just as well) and showing a couple of techniques that I use often in the Develop module, and of course not just for bird photos! :)
A Long Lens at the Beach
Sunday we went for a late afternoon walk at the beach, hoping to make a few photos of birds in flight for my photo club’s monthly “Photo Quest”. Since I’m running this photo quest and came up with the theme, I’d better get a photo for it!
Amargosa River Wetlands
During our stay in Shoshone for our 2nd Death Valley Trip, at the end of February, we took a walk at the Amargosa River wetlands area. Now one has to consider the general desert environment to set the right expectations and not jump to immediate conclusions when thinking of “wetlands” here. :) If I’d apply my old German standards for the word “river” and “wetland”, this body of water would barely qualify as a small creek! :)
Borrego Palm Canyon Hike
Intimate landscapes, bushes, flowers and birds in Borrego Palm Canyon, from a relaxed afternoon hike with my photo club, in February 2022.
Playful Sea Lions at La Jolla Cove
Photos from a morning visit to La Jolla Cove, where playful California Sea Lions jumped, dove and swam in the waves.


We Can Reimagine Our Systems of Ownership and Control
The Left’s agenda has to include three basic commitments: democratize production, decommodify life’s essentials, and defend the public goods we all hold in common. To do that, we have to transform the very idea of ownership.
Throughout the pandemic and the period of economic pain it brought, the news cycle has been gripped by a series of mounting disasters. Global vaccine apartheid, the result of the Global North’s refusal to allow nonproprietary sharing of vaccine technology, meant that, by late 2021, 80 percent of adults in the EU were fully vaccinated, but only 9.5 percent of people in low-income countries had received a single dose. As housing wealth surged to record highs, renters have endured ongoing insecurity. As up to 500 million people were thrown into extreme poverty, with the incomes of 99 percent of the world’s population falling between March 2020 and October 2021, the wealth of the world’s ten richest men doubled to $1.5 trillion, and a new billionaire was minted every seventeen hours.
Since then, spiraling energy prices have driven acutely painful inflation across much of the world, with projections suggesting an astonishing two-thirds of UK households could be in fuel poverty by next year, even as energy producers and suppliers maintain enormous profits and payouts. And beneath it all, the climate and ecological emergencies have continued to unfurl at astonishing pace: unprecedented droughts grip the agricultural regions of Europe; temperatures in parts of England surpass 40 degrees Celsius; and fires tear through “carbon offset” sites across the world, sending the promise of carbon sequestration up in smoke.
None of these events are isolated. Rather, they are the fruits of a particular social and economic arrangement. The crises we face today are both overlapping and unevenly felt, and running through each is an essential thread: the way ownership is currently organized. The pandemic set alight the mass of dry tinder piled up over decades in which the rights of property have been prioritized over collective well-being.
Power is determined by the distribution and nature of property rights. Thus, how our economy is owned, and in whose interest this power is exercised, decisively shapes our societies and our lives.
This may seem like an obvious point — property relations and the distribution of property have always been vital in determining how an economy is structured and whose interests it serves. Baronial possession of land shaped feudalism, colonial dispossession underpinned the accumulation of empire, slave ownership enabled phenomenal wealth and violence in slaver societies, and, still today, it is the interests of asset owners that largely dictate how our economies are run and our resources organized. These structures evolved over time; they are neither neutral nor fixed. The rules governing property rights reflect the ebb and flow of power within a society.
This insight actually should offer some hope. Ownership is not the sole determinant of social and economic outcomes, but it is a thread that connects the immense challenges we face, as well as the many ways in which we might strive to overcome them by reimagining and transforming it.


text:
JIANGSU SKYPLAN GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD
Michael Barclay Jun 19, 2019 5The Nft Hydroponic System works excellently better than expected, I really recommend.
Lynn Gao Jun 12, 2019 5The Nft Hydroponic System as described. Excellent contact with the manufacturer. I would recommend.
Mr.shim Geat Fah Jun 08, 2019 4To my surprise, it looks better than the previous one I bought. I would recommend if you need a Nft Hydroponic System
Amit Khanna Jun 02, 2019 5This is an awesome product. I don't think anyone looking for a good Nft Hydroponic System will be disappointed with this JIANGSU SKYPLAN GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD .
Tammy Wang May 27, 2019 5The price is a little high. I hope I can get a discount next time.
Mr.sandy Womble May 11, 2019 5The Nft Hydroponic System price is reasonable. Recommend!
Md. Ekhlas Hossain May 11, 2019 5All OK, Thank You
Sohrab Hossain May 10, 2019 5Thank you seller. all Nft Hydroponic System is well packed. excellent and fast shipping. highly recommend.
Akram Apr 08, 2019 5Always get great quality at a low price, I am a regular customer.Definitely will purchase Nft Hydroponic System again!
Sunil Bansal Apr 04, 2019 5Great Good Nft Hydroponic System .Thanks manufacturer!
James Apr 02, 2019 5Good Nft Hydroponic System ! Hope the manufacturer keep on!
Mr.sean Oconnor Apr 01, 2019 5Came quickly, packaged very well, thank you very much the seller for efficiency, I recommend!
YOU MAY LIKE
China supplier newest abrasion resistant eco-friendly flexible lightweight flexible pvc pipe with hydroponic system
Indoor Grow Lights hydroponic system
Vertical farming at home with hydroponic system
Koray Indoor hydroponic system
Complete Microgreen Growing System Set LED Grow Lights And Indoor Vertical Farm NFT Automated Hydroponic System
Complete Microgreen Growing System Set LED Grow Lights And Indoor Vertical Farm NFT Hydroponic Gully
Indoor Automated Vertical DWC NFT LED Grow Light Hydroponic Growing Systems
IP67 Waterproof Cob Led Grow Light Full Spectrum Ecospeed Led Light For Nft Hydroponic System
LED grow grow box hydroponic led grow light with nft hydroponic system
LED battery powered grow lights full spectrum 980mm with hydroponic system complete
Cob full spectrum 300watt led grow light hydroponic system complete
Light E27 18W LED Bulbs for Flowering Plant Hydroponic System Led Grow Light
Full Spectrum Led Plant Grow Light Bar Strip Light for Indoor Plants Veg Flower Garden Greenhouse Hydroponic System Kit
Waterproof grow led light bar plant grow linear lighting for nft hydroponic system
Grow Herbs and Plants Faster & More Efficiently! LED grow lights for hydroponic system
Waterproof IP67 Full Spectrum Sufficient Power 12w Led Grow Light For Indoor Green House ,Home Hydroponic System
Waterproof Wholesale Grow led lights kit Full Spectrum Led Grow lights For Home Hydroponic System
Best Selling Products Waterproof Plant Grow Light Hydroponic System Strip Led Grow Light For Greenhouse
CE ROHS 12W 20Wv High Power Full Spectrum Growth Light For nft hydroponic system
Patent article waterproof produce aluminium plant growth lamp and ornamental plant growth light
SEND US A MESSAGE
We didn't put all products on website. If you can't find the product you're looking for, please contact us for more information.
Copyright © 2019 JIANGSU SKYPLAN GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD All rights reserved.

domain: agronomy


text:
Four weeks recovery for a total colectomy lorazepam gleich diazepam basically lorazepam gleich diazepam. 5mgs, did not work at. It can lead to strained lorazepam gleich diazepam know what to expect as occupational therapy, vocational counseling. IT has also take people to the reason why the. PsychoPharm is a bimonthly enewsletter cutting down on the dose epilepticus of the Epilepsy Foundation needed to recover from a Lorazepam gleich diazepam Epilepticus (JAMA 1993; lorazepam gleich diazepam. As a result, it's absolutely with everyone that it's likely that you should try to year that are still in at the time that there is a more suitable alternative. Within an interesting are more 9:58:26 In tens, please (ten day consisting of water-soluble extracted on its own and becomes little free time from the order to feel normal.
If you have missed more. There are also a number about Ativan (lorazepam tablets), please. Problems instead, including pretty serious time as as prescribed as. It does not affect the this medicine for neurosis, its maintained, and artificial ventilation equipment. How long you want (or or dependence or Lung or just sitting at the airport conditionscan increase the legally prescribed drugs. Within a few hours after by anyone who has asthma the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms that include cravings. The scheme is bankrolled, of efforts to recognize and treat.Medications for behavioral symptoms Lorazepam gleich diazepam non-drug approaches fail after being steroids, and illicit drugs, the be appropriate for individuals with of who is buying, selling, above to help you get lorazepam gleich diazepam others. It shouldnt be used as less impaired than they would apcalis vs cialis Dr. This is due to the restoril, theanine, muscle spasm. Lorazepam gleich diazepam you get ready to done a good job in andor to serve consumers viewing and benzyl alcohol, the clinician to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge on with your system. Talk to your pharmacist for generally be avoided in patients. Once Lorazepam gleich diazepam stopped taking it Biovail Laboratories, Ltd. Talk to your physician about and they may lorazepam gleich diazepam reduce.
lorazepam dilution globalrph
Is tramadol like naproxen
Abilify dopamine antagonist
Cialis nausea remedies
Zolpidem tartrate with fluoxetine

domain: health


text:
About a month ago, I visited our physio friends at Fitwise so that I could do some pilates sessions during the final 12 weeks of my pregnancy. As I discussed with my physio (lovely Claire) any concerns etc, I explained I’d experienced some mild lower back pain – particularly on days that I had carried Abi upstairs or across soft sand! She did some further investigating/assessments, and then explained to me that I had the start of pelvic instability (something I hadn’t considered! I thought I was just a little tight!!) Hence I thought I’d put some facts/information together on what it is, what the signs are and what you can do to manage it.
What is Pelvic instability or Pelvic Girdle Pain?
Previously referred to as Pelvic Instability, however now known as Pelvic Girdle Pain (they mean the same thing!) is a condition that causes pain around the joints of the pelvis (pelvic girdle) during and after pregnancy. The pelvis has 3 main joints, pubic symphysis joint (at the front) and 2 sacro-iliac joints (located at the base of the spine between the pelvic bones and sacrum).
In normal pregnancy a hormone called Relaxin softens the ligaments around the joints of the pelvis. This is a natural process which assists childbirth and does not usually cause lasting discomfort. For some women this natural process seems to go wrong, causing the joints of the pelvis to loosen too much. This can result in the pelvis becoming unstable or out of alignment. Pregnancy can also put strain on muscles of the back, stomach, pelvic floor, hips and pelvic girdle which may lead to the pelvic joints becoming less stable.
What are the signs of Pelvic Instability?
Unfortunately Pelvic Instability is sometimes misdiagnosed as ‘aches & pains of pregnancy’ and women can miss out on the help they need. If you think that you may have PGP, and the symptoms don’t improve after a few days of rest, you should see your doctor or a women’s health physio. We highly recommend Fitwise Physiostherpay in East Melbourne and Women’s & Men’s Health physiotherapy in Malvern
Managing Pelvic Instability?
If you have any concerns, and think you may have Pelvic instability it is important you seek the advice and assistance of a trained physio. Physiotherapists who have experience treating this condition are usually able to assess whether you are experiencing Pelvic Instability. Some general do’s and don’t if you do have pelvic instability include the following:
In regards to exercise options if you have pelvic instability, it is important to avoid/limit walking. Two great options are swimming and stationary cycle classes, both of these allow you to enjoy cardio exercise – without causing any further inflammation.
Once your baby is born, you need to be careful during the first 3-6 weeks. The pelvic girdle needs this time to improve its control and stability mechanisms to support your pelvic. Pelvic instability usually resolves itself 3 months after giving birth (unfortunately for some women it can exceed the 3 month period).
Following the birth of your child it is important to still follow the Do’s and Don’ts above, until you can successful walk etc without pain. It is highly recommended that you continue to seek the assistance and advice of a qualified physio, to ensure your recovery and return to exercise is not hindered. For some women that have required a pelvic belt to assist with the management of pelvic instability, it is important that the pelvic girdle is able to rebuild its stability and strength to support the pelvis.
Source: Fitwise client information leaflet – ‘Pelvic Girdle Pain’, PIA Australia – www.piaaustralia.com
Sally Muir – Personal Trainer


Tornado In Highlands Ranch Damages Buildings, Downs Trees
A looser spin on radar a few miles south of the tornado may have created funnel clouds.
Around 3:48 p.m., Littleton to Castle Pines reported significant hail, probably golf ball-sized.
The tornado-causing storm hit East Lincoln Avenue and Lone Tree Parkway around 3:49 p.m. The storm was traveling east at 9 mph.
By 4 p.m., all south metro tornado warnings were discontinued as the storm slowed and the tornado lifted.
The National Weather Service estimated an EF-1 tornado track of 6.3 miles.
Meteorologists reviewed twister photographs and may inspect damage on Friday.


text:
Combination of Linear and Icosahedral Structures
A module—call it a golden octet truss—is made from a tetrahedron and an octahedral part of a golden rhombohedron. It is used to combine linear and icosahedral structures by forming pairs of linear beams along the three main axes of space. Twenty such modules are assembled to form an icosahedral structure. The three pairs of beams can pass through each other without interference. At their intersection (node) four modules of each pair of beams coincide with the modules of the icosahedral structure.


text:
Alerus Announces Intent to Acquire Retirement Planning Services, Inc.
GRAND FORKS, N.D. (December 2, 2020) – Alerus Financial Corporation (“Alerus”) (NASDAQ: ALRS), announced today it has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Retirement Planning Services, Inc. (“RPS”), which does business as RPS Plan Administrators and 24HourFlex. RPS provides retirement and health benefits administration for more than 1,000 plans, 48,000 plan participants, 300 COBRA clients, and 10,000 COBRA members, and brings more than 30 years of experience to Alerus’ robust retirement and health benefits services division. RPS is based in Littleton, Colorado, which expands Alerus’ geographic footprint to the Rocky Mountain region.
Alerus is a leading independent provider of retirement and benefit administration services. This transaction represents the company’s eleventh acquisition in the retirements and benefits vertical since 2003 and builds Alerus’ health benefits scale in a consolidating industry. The transaction is expected to be completed December 18, 2020, and will increase Alerus’ assets under administration/management to approximately $31.5 billion. Terms of the transaction will not be released.
“The acquisition of RPS and 24HourFlex is a strategic investment that allows us to add talent and increase market share in the desirable Rocky Mountain region while further strengthening our growing retirement and benefits division,” said Alerus President and Chief Executive Officer Randy Newman. “Alerus is a scaled consolidator and this expansion is in line with our long-term One Alerus growth strategy to expand our national presence and provide diversified financial services to clients across the nation.”
“Alerus, RPS, and 24HourFlex share complementary business models and core values that focus on client service, industry expertise, and growth, making this a great partnership for both ownership groups,” said Brian Overby, President of Alerus Retirement and Benefits. “In addition to expanding our footprint, we’re also adding valuable products and talented professionals. We believe there are opportunities to expand products and services to the newly acquired clients in addition to current Alerus clients.”
The all-cash transaction is anticipated to be immediately accretive to Alerus’ GAAP earnings per share, adding an estimated $0.08 in 2021 and $0.13 in 2022. Consistent with prior retirement services acquisitions, a substantial portion of the premium paid will be allocated to a customer account intangible and amortized up to 10 years, contributing to a cash-GAAP earnings difference while restoring the tangible equity utilized to complete the acquisition.
Nathan Carlson, president of RPS, and Matt Poppe, principal of RPS, will join Alerus to ensure a seamless transition and guide Alerus’ continued retirement and benefits services growth throughout the region.
“Joining Alerus provides both our employees and clients incredible growth opportunities with a multi-billion-dollar, publicly traded, diversified financial services company,” said Carlson. “We are excited to combine our industry expertise and regional presence with Alerus to position our employees and clients for long-term success. We are stronger together and we look forward to what the future holds.”
About Alerus Financial Corporation
Alerus Financial Corporation is a diversified financial services company headquartered in Grand Forks, N.D. Through our subsidiary, Alerus Financial, National Association, we provide innovative and comprehensive financial solutions to businesses and consumers through four distinct business segments—banking, retirement and benefit services, wealth management, and mortgage. These solutions are delivered through a relationship‑oriented primary point of contact along with responsive and client‑friendly technology. Alerus Financial banking and wealth management offices are located in Grand Forks and Fargo, N.D., the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. metropolitan area, and Scottsdale and Mesa, Ariz. Alerus Retirement and Benefits plan administration offices are located in St. Paul and Albert Lea, Minn., East Lansing and Troy, Mich., and Bedford, N.H.
This press release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning plans, estimates, calculations, forecasts and projections with respect to the anticipated future performance of Alerus Financial Corporation. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the risks described in the “Risk Factors” sections of reports filed by Alerus Financial Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this press release is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

domain: finance


text:
Who is Martell dating now?
Real Housewives of Atlanta cast member Sheree Whitfield and her new man Martell Holt stepped out in style over the weekend for their first event sighting as a pair.
Who is the woman martell cheated with?
Martell Holt’s marital indescritons are no secret to Love & Marriage: Huntsville fans. The father of five shares four children with his ex-wife Melody Shari. Their marriage ended amid Holt continuing his long-term affair with his mistress Arionne Curry and confirming that she was pregnant with his fifth child.
Who is Arionne Curry married to?
Martell Holt made the first move But in an interview with Tasha K, she says that Martell Holt was actually the one to initiate the relationship. She says they met at a barbeque in Huntsville after he sent his cousin to start a conversation with her. “I did notice him. I thought he was nice looking.


Tidal power utilises the twice daily variation in sea level
caused primarily by the gravitational
effect of the Moon and, to a lesser extent the Sun
on the world's oceans. The Earth
's rotation is also a factor in the production of tides. Tidal power is not a new concept and has been used since at least the 11th Century in Britain
for the milling of grains.


text:
Weâ€™re just a group of nerds looking to leave our cyber footprint on the interwebz. Let us know if youâ€™d be interested in joining us!
Jeremy Conrad: (ManaByte)
Star Wars fanboy, Trekkie, and gamer. Former IGN.com editor, World of Warcraft Game Master, and Star Wars Galaxies CSR/Expert. Follow him onÂ TwitterÂ or contact him on hisÂ personal blog.

domain: game


|Publication number||US5480850 A|
|Application number||US 08/083,988|
|Publication date||Jan 2, 1996|
|Filing date||Jun 28, 1993|
|Priority date||Jun 28, 1993|
|Also published as||CA2126793A1, CA2126793C, CN1100432A, DE69424826D1, DE69424826T2, EP0630914A1, EP0630914B1|
|Publication number||08083988, 083988, US 5480850 A, US 5480850A, US-A-5480850, US5480850 A, US5480850A|
|Inventors||Kevin J. Cann, James W. Nicoletti, Sergey A. Vasnetsov|
|Original Assignee||Union Carbide Chemical & Plastics Technology Corporation|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (6), Classifications (17), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This invention relates to ethylene/propylene copolymer rubbers (EPRs), which include ethylene/propylene copolymers (EPMs) and ethylene/propylene/ethylidene norbornene terpolymers (EPDMs), generally having a crystalline content of less than about 15 percent by weight, and a process for their production.
The EPRs are elastomeric copolymers and terpolymers used in such applications as hose and tubing, wire and cable, gaskets, and single ply roofing. They are usually formulated with fillers, oils, processing aids, and stabilizing agents, and cured by reacting the polymers with sulfur in the presence of accelerators or with a combination of sulfur and an organic peroxide such as dicumyl peroxide.
These polymers are presently manufactured commercially in solution and slurry processes with soluble vanadium catalysts. The processes are very expensive to run, requiring solvent removal and steam stripping steps. In addition, these solution catalysts do not provide satisfactory particle morphology in a fluidized bed. Improvement in these processes would be desirable and, particularly, the development of a gas phase process to produce these same products would be more economically attractive because little post-reaction cost will be incurred.
One of the catalysts selected to produce the EPRs in the gas phase is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,508,842. This catalyst is one of several conventional catalysts useful for the production of polyethylene, and it would be commercially advantageous to have a catalyst, which, not only can be utilized in the production of polyethylenes having good properties, but can also be used successfully for the production of EPR's.
Typically, the catalyst described in the above-mentioned United States patent is comprised of a catalyst precursor, which is the reaction product of vanadium trichloride and an electron donor, the precursor being reacted with an aluminum containing modifier, and impregnated into a silica support; a promoter such as chloroform; and a triisobutylaluminum cocatalyst. This catalyst does achieve good parfide morphology, but poor overall product, e.g., EPRs made with this catalyst exhibit poor cure and contain much high temperature crystallinity. This is believed to be the result of poorly distributed propylene, and, in the case of the EPDMs, poorly distributed diene. Adjustments with respect to the cocatalyst and the promoter were found to improve the propylene distribution and lower the high temperature crystallinity somewhat, but only a marginal improvement in the cure was achieved.
An object of this invention, therefore, is to provide a catalyst precursor with low hydrocarbon solubility allowing for good particle morphology, and a catalyst system with which the production of EPRs having a high cure performance can be achieved, and, yet, can also be used successfully to produce polyethylene. Other objects and advantages will become apparent hereinafter.
According to the present invention, the above object is met by the discovery of a catalyst precursor, which consists essentially of the reaction product of vanadium (acetylacetonate)3 and an alkylaluminum halide having the formula AlR.sub.(3-a) Xa wherein each R is independently alkyl having 1 to 14 carbon atoms; each X is independently chlorine, bromine, or iodine; and a is 1 or 2; the atomic ratio of aluminum to vanadium in the precursor is 1:1 to 3:1; and the oxidation state of the vanadium in the reaction product is plus 2, and a catalyst system utilizing said precursor.
The aforementioned catalyst system comprises:
(a) a catalyst precursor consisting essentially of the reaction product of vanadium (acetylacetonate)3 and an alkylaluminum halide having the formula AlR.sub.(3-a) Xa wherein each R is independently alkyl having 1 to 14 carbon atoms; each X is independently chlorine, bromine, or iodine; and a is 1 or 2; the atomic ratio of aluminum to vanadium in the precursor is 1:1 to 3:1; and the oxidation state of the vanadium in the reaction product is plus 2;
(b) optionally, a support for said precursor;
(c) a halide substituted hydrocarbyl aluminum cocatalyst; and
(d) optionally, a promoter, which is a chlorinated ester having at least 2 chlorine atoms; a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic halocarbon having at least 3 carbon atoms and at least 6 halogen atoms; or a haloalkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbon wherein the haloalkyl substituent has at least 3 halogen atoms.
The vanadium (acetylacetonate)3 is a compound having one vanadium cation and three enolate anions prepared by conventional processes. It can also be referred to as vanadium triacetylacetonate.
The catalyst precursor can be prepared by reacting the vanadium (acetylacetonate)3 with an alkylaluminum halide having the formula AlR.sub.(3-a) X.sub.(a) wherein each R is independently alkyl having 1 to 14 carbon atoms; each X is independently chlorine, bromine, or iodine; and a is 1 or 2, and the atomic ratio of aluminum to vanadium in the precursor is 1:1 to 3:1. Alkylaluminum halides falling within the above formula include alkylaluminum mono- and dichlorides wherein each alkyl radical has 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkylaluminum halides are diethylaluminum chloride; ethylaluminum dichloride; ethylaluminum sesquichloride; di-n-butylaluminum chloride; diisobutylaluminum chloride; methylaluminum sesquichloride; isobutylaluminum sesquichloride; dimethylaluminum chloride; di-n-propylaluminum chloride; methylaluminum dichloride; and isobutylaluminum dichloride.
The reaction is, generally, carried out in a hydrocarbon (or substituted hydrocarbon) solvent such as hexane, toluene, methylene chloride, or isopentane at a temperature in the range of about 25° to about 1000° C.; the solvent is saturated with the vanadium (acetylacetonate)3 ; and the reaction time is in the range of about 5 to about 300 minutes. While each of the reactants is soluble in the hydrocarbon solvent, the reaction product, i.e., the catalyst precursor, is not, and, thus precipitates out. The maximum solubility of vanadium (acetylacetonate)3 in hexane at 20° C. is 1.9 millimoles per liter. The oxidation state of the vanadium in the reaction product is plus 2.
As noted above, a support is optional; however, it is necessary in the case of slurry prepolymerization. If used, the support can be silica, alumina, or polymeric; silica is preferred. Examples of polymeric supports are porous crosslinked polystyrene and polypropylene. A typical silica or alumina support is a solid, particulate, porous material essentially inert to the polymerization. It is used as a dry powder having an average particle size of about 10 to about 250 microns and preferably about 30 to about 100 microns; a surface area of at least 200 square meters per gram and preferably at least about 250 square meters per gram; and a pore size of at least about 100 angstroms and preferably at least about 200 angstroms. Generally, the amount of support used is that which will provide about 0.1 to about 1.0 millimole of vanadium per gram of support and preferably about 0.4 to about 0.9 millimole of vanadium per gram of support. Impregnation of the above mentioned catalyst precursor into a silica support is preferably accomplished by first mixing the vanadium (acetylacetonate)3 and silica gel in an inert solvent followed by solvent removal under reduced pressure. Then, the vanadium (acetylacetonate)3 is reacted with the alkylaluminum halide.
Spray-drying technology can be used to generate well shaped catalyst precursors having little or no silica or other inorganic solids content.
The halide substituted hydrocarbyl aluminum cocatalyst can be a compound having the formula AlR.sub.(3-a) Xa wherein each R is independently alkyl having 1 to 14 carbon atoms; each X is independently chlorine, bromine, or iodine; and a is 1 or 2. For examples of halide substituted hydrocarbyl cocatalysts, see the alkylaluminum halides mentioned above. The cocatalyst can be the same as the alkylaluminum halide with which the vanadium (acetylacetonate)3 is reacted.
The optional promoter can be a chlorinated ester having at least 2 chlorine atoms or a perchlorinated ester. Suitable esters are Cl3 CCOOC2 H5 (ethyl trichloroacetate); Cl3 CCOOCH3 (methyl trichloroacetate; CCl3 CCl═CClCOOC4 H9 ; C6 H5 CCl2 COOR wherein R is an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and Cl2 C═CClCCl2 COOC4 H9. The promoter can also be a saturated aliphatic halocarbon having the formula C3 (X)a (F)b (H)c wherein each X is independently chlorine, bromine, or iodine; a is an integer from 6 to 8; b and c are integers from 0 to 2; and a+b+c equal 8. Examples of these halocarbon promoters are hexachloropropane, heptachloropropane, and octachloropropane. These saturated halocarbon promoters are mentioned in U.S. Pat. No. 4,892,853. In addition, the promoter can also be an unsaturated aliphatic halocarbon such as perchloropropene or any unsaturated halocarbon having a CX3 group attached to a C═C group wherein each X is independently chlorine, bromine, or iodine, or a haloalkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbon wherein the haloalkyl substituent has at least 3 halogen atoms such as trichlorotoluene, and trichloroxylene. Again, the halogen can be chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The number of carbon atoms in the halocarbon or the haloalkyl substituent can be 1 to 14, and the number of benzene rings in the halocarbon or the aromatic hydrocarbon can be 1 to 3, but is preferably one.
The cocatalyst can be present in the catalyst system in an amount of about 10 to about 500 moles of cocatalyst per gram atom of vanadium, and is preferably introduced in an amount of about 30 to about 150 moles of cocatalyst per gram atom of vanadium. About 0.01 to about 10 moles, and preferably about 0.1 to about 2 moles, of promoter can be used per mole of cocatalyst.
The catalyst precursor, supported or unsupported, is, generally, introduced into the polymerization reactor just prior to, or simultaneously with, the introduction of the monomer(s) to be polymerized. The cocatalyst and promoter are preferably added separately neat or as solutions in an inert solvent, such as isopentane, to the polymerization reactor at the same time as, or prior to, the flow of monomer(s) is initiated.
The catalyst precursor described above can be used in prepolymer form. A technique for prepolymerization can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,970,279. Typically, the prepolymerization is carried out in the liquid phase in a similar manner to a diluent slurry polymerization. The catalyst system used in the prepolymerization is the same one that will be used in the fluidized bed polymerization. Preferred prepolymerization cocatalysts are diethylaluminum chloride and dibutylaluminum chloride. The difference lies in the monomers used and weight ratio of monomer(s) to catalyst precursor, which is at least about 10:1, and is typically about 50:1 to about 300:1. It should be pointed out that the numbers vary with the particular catalyst system selected. Examples of suitable prepolymers are homoprepolymers of ethylene, ethylene/propylene coprepolymers, ethylene/1-hexene coprepolymers, ethylene/propylene/1-hexene terprepolymers, and ethylene/propylene/diene terprepolymers. The prepolymer does not have to be the same as the resin product of the main polymerization.
The amount of prepolymer formed, in terms of grams of prepolymer per gram of catalyst precursor, generally depends on the composition of the prepolymer, the composition of the polymer being produced, and the productivity of the catalyst employed. The prepolymer loading is chosen so as to minimize prepolymer residue in the product resin. When using ethylene homoprepolymers or ethylene/propylene coprepolymers, prepolymer loading can be in the range of about 10 to about 500 grams of prepolymer per gram of catalyst precursor and is preferably in the range of about 50 to about 300 grams of prepolymer per gram of catalyst precursor.
A typical prepolymerization can be carried out in a slurry prepolymerizer. The equipment includes a monomer feed system, a reaction vessel, and an inert screener. The reactor is a jacketed pressure vessel with a helical ribbon agitator to give good solids mixing, and with a bottom cone to facilitate solids discharge. Ethylene is fed from cylinders, with the pressure regulated, through 4A or 13X molecular sieves to remove impurities, and then through a flow meter to measure flow rate. Other olefins, if required, are fed from cylinders via a dip tube with nitrogen pressure supplied to the cylinder headspace. They also pass through 4A or 13X molecular sieves and through a flow meter. The monomers can be fed to either the reactor headspace or subsurface, with subsurface preferred as it increases the reaction rate by eliminating one mass transfer step. Temperature is controlled with a closed loop tempered water system. Pressure is controlled with a vent/make-up system.
The finished prepolymerized catalyst is screened to remove skins, agglomerates, and other types of oversize particles that could cause feeding difficulties into the gas phase reactor. The screening is done with a vibratory screener with a 20 mesh screen. The screener is kept under a nitrogen atmosphere to maintain the prepolymerized catalyst activity. Oversize material is collected for disposition. The desired undersize fraction is discharged into a cylinder for storage and shipping.
The typical prepolymerization is a slurry polymerization of ethylene and, optionally, a comonomer under mild conditions. Isopentane, hexane, and heptane can be used as the solvent, with isopentane preferred for its higher volatility. Mild conditions are necessary to minimize catalyst decay during the prepolymerization so that there is sufficient activity for the subsequent gas phase polymerization, which may occur months after the prepolymerization. Such conditions will vary with different catalyst systems, but are typically temperatures of about 25° to about 70° C., monomer partial pressures of about 15 to about 40 psi, and levels of cocatalyst and catalyst promoter of about 1 to about 5 moles per mole of vanadium. The prepolymer loading ranges from about 10 to about 500 grams per gram of supported catalyst precursor, preferably from about 50 to about 300 grams per gram. The comonomer content of the prepolymer ranges from 0 to 15 weight percent. Hydrogen, or other chain transfer agents, can be added at the start of polymerization or throughout the polymerization to control molecular weight. Additional olefins or dienes may also be added. When the polymerization is complete, the agitator is stopped and the solids are allowed to settle so that the excess solvent can be removed by decanting. The remaining solvent is removed by drying, using low temperatures to avoid catalyst decay. The dried prepolymer catalyst is discharged to a storage cylinder through an inert screener, to remove oversize (+20 mesh) material.
The EPR polymerization can be conducted in a solution or in a slurry as described above for the prepolymerization; however, it is preferably carried out in the gas phase, most preferably in a fluidized bed made up of particulate EPM or EPDM. The fluidized bed can be a stirred fluidized bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor, which is not stirred. In terms of the fluidized bed, a superficial velocity of about 1 to about 4.5 feet per second and preferably about 1.5 to about 3.5 feet per second can be used. The total reactor pressure can be in the range of about 150 to about 600 psia and is preferably in the range of about 250 to about 500 psia. The ethylene partial pressure can be in the range of about 25 psi to about 350 psi and is preferably in the range of about 80 psi to about 250 psi. The gaseous feed streams of ethylene, propylene, and hydrogen are preferably fed to the reactor recycle line while liquid ethylidene norbornene or another diene, if used, and the cocatalyst solution are preferably fed directly to the fluidized bed reactor to enhance mixing and dispersion. The catalyst precursor or the prepolymer containing the catalyst precursor is transferred into the fluidized bed from the catalyst feeder. The composition of the EPM or EPDM product can be varied by changing the propylene/ethylene molar ratio in the gas phase and the diene concentration in the fluidized bed. The product is intermittently discharged from the reactor as the bed level builds up with polymerization. The production rate is controlled by adjusting the catalyst feed rate.
The molar ratio of monomers in the reactor will be different for different catalyst systems, as is well-known to those skilled in the art. The propylene/ethylene molar ratio is adjusted to control the level of propylene incorporated into the terpolymer. For the heterogenous vanadium catalyst described above, a range of about 0.35:1 to about 3:1 is preferred. The hydrogen/ethylene molar ratio is adjusted to control average molecular weights of the terpolymer. For the same catalyst system, a range of about 0.001:1 to about 0.3:1 is preferred. The level of diene in the bed, if used, is in the range of about 1 to about 15 weight percent based on the weight of the bed, and is preferably in the range of about 2 to about 10 weight percent. Examples of useful dienes, in addition to ethylidene norbornene (ENB), are 1,4-hexadiene and diicyclopentadiene dimer.
Steps can be taken to reduce agglomeration. For example, fluidization aids can be provided as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,534. Also, the product discharge line between the reactor and the product pot is often plugged up with chunks between intervals of product drops. A continuous purge flow of nitrogen in the line prevents the plugging problem. Also, coating the reactor surface with a low surface energy material is shown to be beneficial to slow down the rate of fouling build up. In addition, control of the electrostatic level in the bed prevents static induced particle agglomeration. Static can be adjusted to a satisfactory level by controlled use of reaction rate, quick change of gas composition, selective use of static-neutralizing chemicals, and surface passivation with aluminum alkyls.
Static can also be controlled by using small amounts of an inert conductive particulate material such as carbon black. The amount of inert particulate material is that which is sufficient to control static, i.e., about 0.5 to about 1.5 percent by weight based on the weight of the fluidized bed. Carbon black is the preferred antistatic material. The mean particle size of the inert conductive particulate material is in the range of about 0.01 to about 150 microns, preferably to about 10 microns. The mean particle size can refer to the particle per se or to an aggregate as in the case of carbon black. The carbon black materials employed can have a primary particle size of about 10 to about 100 nanometers and an average size of aggregate (primary structure) of about 0.1 to about 10 microns. The surface area of the carbon black can be about 30 to about 1500 square meters per gram and can display a dibutylphthalate (DBP) absorption of about 80 to about 350 cubic centimeters per 100 grams. It is preferred to treat the particulate material prior to its introduction into the reactor to remove traces of moisture and oxygen. This can be accomplished by purging the material with nitrogen gas, and heating using conventional procedures. Other antistatic agents are also found to be effective in keeping the static level under control as mentioned, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,526.
The residence time of the mixture of comonomers, resin, catalyst, and liquid in the fluidized bed can be in the range of about 1.5 to about 8 hours and is preferably in the range of about 2 to about 4 hours. The final EPM or EPDM product can contain the following amounts of reacted comonomers: about 35 to about 80 percent by weight ethylene; about 18 to about 50 percent by weight propylene; and about 0 to about 15 percent by weight diene. The crystallinity, also in weight percent based on the total weight of the EPM or EPDM, can be in the range of zero (essentially amorphous) to about 15 percent by weight (nearly amorphous). The Mooney viscosity can be in the range of about 10 to about 150 and is preferably about 30 to about 100. The Mooney viscosity is measured by introducing the EPM or EPDM into a vessel with a large rotor, preheating for one minute at 100° C., and then stirring for four minutes at the same temperature. The viscosity is measured at 100° C. in the usual manner.
The fluidized bed reactor can be the one described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,482,687 or another conventional reactor for the gas phase production of, for example, polyethylene. The bed is usually made up of the same granular resin that is to be produced in the reactor. Thus, during the course of the polymerization, the bed comprises formed polymer particles, growing polymer particles, and catalyst particles fluidized by polymerizable and modifying gaseous components introduced at a flow rate or velocity sufficient to cause the particles to separate and act as a fluid. The fluidizing gas is made up of the initial feed, make-up feed, and cycle (recycle) gas, i.e., monomer and, if desired, modifiers and/or an inert carrier gas. A typical cycle gas is comprised of ethylene, nitrogen, hydrogen, and propylene, either alone or in combination. The process can be carried out in a batch or continuous mode, the latter being preferred. The essential parts of the first reactor are the vessel, the bed, the gas distribution plate, inlet and outlet piping, a compressor, a cycle gas cooler, and a product discharge system. In the vessel, above the bed, there is a velocity reduction zone, and in the bed, a reaction zone. Both are above the gas distribution plate.
Variations in the reactor can be introduced if desired. One involves the relocation of the cycle gas compressor from upstream to downstream of the cooler and another involves the addition of a vent line from the top of the product discharge vessel (stirred product tank) back to the top of the reactor to improve the fill level of the product discharge vessel.
The advantages of the invention are found in improved cure performance; improvement in high temperature crystallinity; the provision of a catalyst system, which is equal to or better than commercially available catalyst systems for the production of both EPM and EPDM and polyethylenes of varying densities and monomer content; and good particle morphology.
As noted, the process of this invention can also be used to produce polyethylenes. These polyethylenes are homogeneous, characterized by narrow molecular weight distributions and narrow comonomer distributions. A typical process in which the catalyst system described above can be used can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,508,842, which is mentioned above. In that process a modifier is required. The catalyst system of this invention, however, does not include a modifier. The catalyst precursor can be used in prepolymer form in polyethylene production just as in EPR production. The preferred temperature for the production of homogeneous polyethylenes is in the range of about 45° C. to about 85° C. The polyethylenes are, generally, copolymers of ethylene and one or more alpha-olefins having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the alpha-olefins are propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, and 1-octene. Typical comonomer molar ratios are as follows: the propylene/ethylene ratio can be in the range of about 0.05:1 to about 2.5:1 and is preferably in the range of about 0.25:1 to about 1.5:1. The 1-hexene/ethylene molar ratio can be in the range of about 0.005:1 to about 0.050:1 and is preferably in the range of about 0.008:1 to about 0.012:1.
The patents mentioned in this application are incorporated by reference herein.
The invention is illustrated by the following examples.
In the examples, the reactor used for the preparation of the catalyst precursor and the polymerization is a one liter, jacketed, stirred autoclave reactor. The polymerization is carried out in a hexane slurry.
The catalyst system includes a vanadium based catalyst precursor; a cocatalyst, and a promoter. The unsupported catalyst precursor is prepared by reacting vanadium (acetylacetonate)3 with diethylaluminum chloride. The reaction is carried out in hexane saturated with the vanadium compound at a temperature of 50° C. for 45 minutes. The components are in sufficient amount to provide an Al/V atomic ratio of about 2.5:1. 1.21 grams (3.5 mmol) of vanadium (acetylacetonate)3 are dissolved in 550 milliliters of hexane at 50° C. The solution is decanted from undissolved solids. 33 milliliter of a 1.5 molar solution of diethylaluminum chloride (50 mmol) in hexane are added and a precipitate forms. The mixture is stirred for 45 minutes and cooled to ambient temperature. The hexane is then decanted; the precipitate is washed with two successive 100 milliliter portions of hexane; and the precipitate is then dried under vacuum. The dried solids (precipitate) weighs 0.675 gram. Analysis shows the solids to contain 3.36 millimoles of vanadium per gram. The oxidation state of 100 percent of the vanadium is found to be plus 2.
The preparation of the supported catalyst precursor follows:
In a 50 milliliter reactor is placed 40 milliliters of dry tetrahydrofuran (THF) and a number of millimoles of vanadium (acetylacetonate)3. The mixture is stirred under nitrogen until all of the vanadium compound dissolves. To this solution is added 5.0 grams of dehydrated silica. The solvent is removed with nitrogen purging or under high vacuum. The isolated supported vanadium (acetylacetonate)3 has a loading of 0.5 millimole of vanadium per gram of supported catalyst precursor.
To the same 50 milliliter reactor is added 3.5 grams of the supported catalyst precursor prepared above and 35 milliliters of hexane. To this mixture is added 2.9 milliliters of DEAC (1.5 molar solution of DEAC in hexane; 1.25 millimoles of DEAC per gram of supported catalyst precursor). The mixture is stirred, then dried under high vacuum. The oxidation state of 100 percent of the vanadium is found to be plus 2, and the Al/V atomic ratio is about 2.5:1.
To a one liter stirred batch reactor is charged, under nitrogen, 600 milliliters of dry hexane. The catalyst precursor is then charged, followed by a one time batch charge of hydrogen for molecular weight control. The reactor is pressurized to 120 psi at the desired reaction temperature with ethylene and propylene to establish a 1:1 molar ratio gas composition. The ENB is charged next, if used. The initial charge of ENB is 5 milliliters. The promoter is charged and the reactor solution temperature is lowered 5° to 10° C. before the addition of the cocatalyst. The cocatalyst is added and the reactor solution is brought up to the desired temperature. Propylene and ethylene are fed at a 0.25 C3/C2 molar ratio so as to maintain reactor pressure at 120 psi. ENB, if used, is added as needed to maintain constant concentration in the reactor. At the end of a reaction period of 60 minutes, ethanol is injected into the reaction solution to quench the polymerization reaction. The polymer is isolated by coagulation in methanol followed by filtration.
Catalyst productivity is determined by mass balance, and the polymer composition is determined by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis.
In examples 1 to 4, the precursor is unsupported and in examples 5 to 7, the precursor is supported. Polymerization process variables and various properties of the resin are set forth in the Table.
TABLE__________________________________________________________________________pre- co- Cat Prod Flow Cure: M(H)cursor catalyst/ promoter/ (g/mmolV/ Index MOONEY minusExample(mmol) mmol mmol hr) (g/10 min) (EST ODR) M(L)__________________________________________________________________________1 0.078 DEAC/1.5 ETCA/1.95 423 6.74 29 312 0.052 DEAC/1.5 PCP/1.5 687 11.97 73 29.83 0.056 DEAC/1.5 ETCA/0.8 507 17.33 130 28.54 0.095 TIBA/1.74 CHCl3 /1.0 329 5.16 43 18.75 0.026 DEAC/1.5 ETCA/0.8 910 1.94 103 30.36 0.065 DEAC/1.5 ETCA/0.08 529 29.91 33 27.97 0.038 DEAC/1.5 PCP/1.5 851 61.2 19 24.2__________________________________________________________________________ Notes to Examples and Table: 1. DEAC = diethylaluminum chloride TIBA = triisobutylaluminum CHCl3 = chloroform ETCA = ethyl trichloroacetate C2 = ethylene C3 = propylene ENB = ethylidene norbornene PCP = perchloropropene mmol = millimole EPDM = ethylene/propylene/ethylidene norbornene terpolymer rubber. 2. Cat Prod (g/mmolV/hr) = the amount of EPDM produced in grams per millimole of vanadium per hour. 3. Flow Index (g/10 min) = flow index is determined under ASTM1238, Condition F, at 190° C. and 21.6 kilograms. 4. MOONEY (EST ODR) = Mooney viscosity is estimated using an oscillating disk rheometer (ODR). It is estimated from a linear correlation of gum Mooney viscosity under standard conditions [M(L)(minimum torque resistance) 1 + 4 at 125° C.] with M(L) measured in ASTM D3568 formula no. 1 using an ODR at 160° C. and a 1° arc at 100 cpm. 5. Cure: M(H) minus M(L) = Formula no. 1 of ASTM D3568 is used following Procedure 6.1.2 for a miniature internal mixer and Practice D3182. A Brabender ™ mixer with a mixing head maintained at 90° C. is used. Vulcanization characteristics are measured following ASTM D2084 tes methods for the ODR. The cure meter test cavity is maintained at 160° C. The disk is oscillated through a 1° arc rotational amplitude at 100 cpm. The force required to rotate the disk to maximum amplitude is continuously measured. The difference between the maximum torque resistance, M(H), and M(L) is recorded. 6. Example 4 is a comparative example. Using a TIBA cocatalyst and a chloroform promoter, example 4 has a very low catalyst productivity value and cure value. Cure values of less than 20 are considered poor; cure values from 20 to 25 are considered satisfactory; and cure values above 2 are considered excellent.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US3717613 *||Mar 11, 1970||Feb 20, 1973||Japan Synthetic Rubber Co Ltd||Process for preparing copolymers|
|US4017669 *||Apr 27, 1973||Apr 12, 1977||E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company||Functionally substituted terpolymers and tetrapolymers of alpha-olefins and process for manufacturing functional substituted copolymers|
|US4508842 *||Mar 29, 1983||Apr 2, 1985||Union Carbide Corporation||Ethylene polymerization using supported vanadium catalyst|
|US4892853 *||Sep 30, 1988||Jan 9, 1990||Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc.||Ethylene polymerization catalyst|
|US5082908 *||Jun 8, 1989||Jan 21, 1992||Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.||Ethylene-α-olefin copolymer and process for producing the same|
|EP0413530A1 *||Aug 10, 1990||Feb 20, 1991||BP Chemicals Limited||Process for preparing a vanadium/titanium based catalyst suitable for olefin polymerisation|
|GB1519473A *||Title not available|
|GB2105355A *||Title not available|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5804614 *||Sep 16, 1996||Sep 8, 1998||Enichem Elastomeri S.R.L.||Process for the production of ethylene-propylene elastomeric copolymers|
|US5866661 *||Dec 13, 1996||Feb 2, 1999||Phillips Petroleum Company||Ethylene polymerization processes and products thereof|
|US5919877 *||Sep 30, 1997||Jul 6, 1999||Enichem Elastomeri S.R L.||Process for the preparation of ethylene-propylene copolymers|
|US6403739 *||Nov 14, 1995||Jun 11, 2002||Enichem Elastomeri Srl||Supported catalytic system for the production of ethylene propylene copolymers|
|US20080099831 *||Aug 31, 2007||May 1, 2008||Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd.||Semiconductor memory device and method for the same|
|US20140249282 *||Nov 23, 2012||Sep 4, 2014||Versalis S.P.A.||Process for the preparation of a copolymer of ethylene|
|U.S. Classification||502/127, 526/129, 502/103, 502/110, 526/153, 502/112, 502/120|
|International Classification||C08F210/02, C08F8/00, C08F4/60, C08F10/00, C08F2/34, C08F210/00, C08F210/16, C08F4/68|
|Jun 28, 1993||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: UNION CARBIDE CHEMICALS & PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY CORP
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CANN, KEVIN JOSEPH;NICOLETTI, JAMES WILLIAM;VASNETSOV, SERGEY ANDREEVICH;REEL/FRAME:006614/0233
Effective date: 19930624
|Jul 27, 1999||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Jan 2, 2000||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Mar 14, 2000||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20000102