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10 years earlier, many people would have chuckled if you stated you hold part of your investment portfolio in cryptocurrency a type of online money that is secured via different cryptographic as well as computer-generated ways. Yet nowadays, you might be viewed as behind on the times if you do not currently invest, or if you have actually never ever traded a single Bitcoin, Ethereum, or Litecoin in your life. Hold Or Sell Cryptocurrency
Like it or not, cryptocurrency is almost almost everywhere these days and also no more just for day investors and geeks. As a matter of fact, several typical services are incorporating cryptocurrency into their platforms in some kind, or using it as a means to launch other kinds of items.
The future of Cryptocurrency Hold Or Sell Cryptocurrency
Some financial experts forecast a big change in crypto is forthcoming as institutional money gets in the marketplace. Additionally, there is the possibility that crypto will be drifted on the Nasdaq, which would certainly additionally add integrity to blockchain and also its usages as an alternative to traditional money.
Some anticipate that all that crypto needs is a validated exchange-traded fund (ETF). An ETF would absolutely make it simpler for people to invest in Bitcoin, however there still requires to be the need to want to buy crypto, which could not automatically be created with a fund.
A few of the constraints that cryptocurrencies presently face– such as the fact that a person’s electronic lot of money can be removed by a computer crash, or that a virtual safe may be ransacked by a hacker– may relapse in time through technological advancements. What will certainly be tougher to surmount is the fundamental paradox that unsettles cryptocurrencies– the extra prominent they come to be, the even more policy and federal government examination they are most likely to bring in, which wears down the fundamental premise for their presence.
Cryptocurrency has actually come to be an international sensation over the last few years, although much is still to be learned about this developing innovation. There are numerous concerns and also worries swirling around the technology as well as its capacity to disrupt standard financial systems.
Can Bitcoin change dollars?
As research on cryptocurrency continues, more nations are checking out the production of central bank digital money or CBDCs, basically a government-backed, centralized electronic version of fiat. China and Sweden are amongst those furthest along in their advancement of such digital money, and also America is largely routing its peers. Hold Or Sell Cryptocurrency
Although conversations around CBDCs are evolving, Collins kept in mind that lots of people already perform their banking online as well as wholesale transactions between banks take place digitally as well. With payment products like PayPal, Venmo, Zelle as well as others expanding, many individuals might not also observe the modification to CBDC.
Bitcoin after the Coronavirus pandemic
We witnessed bitcoin dropping to practically $3,000 during the coronavirus pandemic. Nonetheless, it really did not last too long, and also it climbed back up, hitting $10,000. There have been different opinions by crypto enthusiasts about whether it is wise to purchase bitcoin after the pandemic, with numerous saying that this is like a new beginning.
What coins have the brightest future? Hold Or Sell Cryptocurrency
Bitcoin has been the king of cryptocurrencies because the start. In most cases, it is used as a basic synonym for cryptocurrencies. We can certainly claim that bitcoin is below to stay and that it is not going anywhere. However, there are a great deal of talks about what will be the most effective coins in the future? According to Yahoo, there are 4 cryptocurrencies to invest in 2020: Bitcoin, Etherium, NEO, and also EOS.
Variables to think about when picking a cryptocurrency for purchasing 2021
Market capitalization— the worth of all provided electronic coins of the particular cryptocurrency. High market cap suggests a huge volume of the crypto coins joining energetic purchases, which means a boosted passion of capitalists.
Liquidity level— the greater it is, the much faster a cryptocurrency can be cost the marketplace rate. The most preferred cryptocurrencies– Ethereum, Bitcoin and Surge– have a high liquidity rate. Trading activity on exchanges shows the number of deals with particular cryptos made over a specific period. This indicator shows a real demand particularly cryptocurrencies amongst investors.
Do not blindly depend on one resource of data– constantly use a few resources (conversations, forums, experienced viewpoint, financial analysis, brokers).
Surge is popular for its very own currency, XRP, adhered to by an innovative electronic payment system made use of extensively at RippleNet. This coin’s significant benefits include the amazingly reduced exchange rate and also instantaneous verification for your transfers as a result of the validation procedure that bypasses the central bank.
On top of that, Ripple utilizes its solutions to accept financial institutions and also various other banks, which, in return, includes in its integrity and sustains beneficial forecasts for the development in cost.
NOW Token (NOW) Hold Or Sell Cryptocurrency
ChangeNOW, one of the most effective as well as most easy crypto exchange solutions on the market, has its very own NOW token that might be of excellent interest for both newbies as well as crypto specialists.
Ethereum is the second most prominent crypto coin after Bitcoin, with an unbelievably strong market cap. In current months its cost has actually increased. The success of Ethereum 2.0 upgrade together with the decentralized money system can be among the most significant factors for such a rise.
Litecoin (LTC) Hold Or Sell Cryptocurrency
Litecoin is being called the silver of cryptocurrency, it is a well-established platform with a variety of followers. An interesting option to think about, provided the terrific results it has actually revealed this year.
In October 2020, this coin was among the biggest cryptocurrencies. Currently in November the exact same year, it had actually improved its placement and also ended up being the eighth-largest. Quite an excellent result for such a short time.
That hasn’t heard of Bitcoin? It is not just the initial cryptocurrency to become available on the market, however likewise one of one of the most expensive and also functional ones that ever existed ever since. Hold Or Sell Cryptocurrency
Amongst the significant benefits of using Bitcoin: individual autonomy, peer-to-peer focus as well as cryptographically– safe purchases, the absence of banking fees, low transfer costs for worldwide transfers, as well as accessibility.
Exactly how To purchase Cryptocurrency straight
With direct cryptocurrency investing, there’s no intermediary involved. You’re holding the real cryptocurrencies in your electronic purse. To purchase cryptocurrencies straight, you’ll need to go through one of the exchanges that specialize in trading cryptocurrencies A few of these are Coinbase Robinhood Gemini Binance. If you’ve never spent directly in cryptocurrencies, it is very important to recognize the difference in between base coins and also alt coins.
Select an exchange
Enrolling in a cryptocurrency exchange will certainly permit you to acquire, offer, and also hold cryptocurrency. It is usually ideal technique to use an exchange that allows its individuals to also withdrawal their crypto to their own personal wallet for more secure maintaining. There are lots of exchanges as well as broker agent platforms that do not allow this. For those looking to consistently trade Bitcoin or various other cryptocurrencies, this feature might not matter.
There are lots of kinds of cryptocurrency exchanges that exist. With the principles of Bitcoin being decentralization and specific sovereignty, some exchanges enable individuals to remain anonymous as well as do not need individuals to get in personal info. Hold Or Sell Cryptocurrency
Exchanges that enable this run autonomously as well as are generally decentralized which indicates there is no main factor of control. In other words, there is no CEO and also no person or team for any kind of governing body to seek needs to it have problems over prohibited task taking place.
Attach Your exchange to a settlement choice
As soon as you have chosen an exchange, you currently require to gather your personal records. Relying on the exchange, these may include images of a motorist’s certificate, social security number, as well as info regarding your company and resource of funds.
The details you might need can rely on the area you stay in and the laws within it. The process is mainly the same as establishing a common brokerage firm account.
By connecting a bank account to your budget, you can buy and sell bitcoin as well as deposit that cash directly right into your account. After the exchange has actually ensured your identity as well as legitimacy you may currently attach a repayment choice.
With the exchanges provided above, you can connect your checking account straight or you can connect a debit or charge card. While you can use a charge card to buy cryptocurrency, it is normally something that must be prevented due to the volatility that cryptocurrencies can experience. Hold Or Sell Cryptocurrency
Position an order
When you have actually picked an exchange as well as connected a repayment choice you can currently buy Bitcoin as well as various other cryptocurrencies. Over current years cryptocurrency and also their exchanges have slowly ended up being extra mainstream.
Exchanges have actually expanded substantially in terms of liquidity and their breadth of features. What was as soon as considered a fraud or suspicious has actually become something that could be thought about credible as well as genuine. Hold Or Sell Cryptocurrency
Currently, cryptocurrency exchanges have actually reached a factor where they have virtually the very same degree of functions as their stock brokerage firm equivalents. Once you have actually located an exchange and connected a repayment approach you are ready to go.
Safe Storage space Hold Or Sell Cryptocurrency
Bitcoin and cryptocurrency purses are an area to keep digital properties much more securely. Having your crypto outside of the exchange and in your personal purse makes certain that only you have control over the exclusive secret to your funds. It also offers you the capacity to save funds far from an exchange and prevent the danger of your exchange getting hacked and shedding your funds.
Cryptocurrency Storage Security
Cryptocurrency is money that is not possible to carry in your wallet and touch it, this is digital money. And this is the essence of the storage problem. Today there are many types of money storage, one of them is to use a digital wallet. If a user forgets his cryptocurrency password in the wallet, it is impossible to recover lost data due to the strict integration of the encrypted blockchain, which can be disastrous for its users.
Cryptocurrency Is Volatile Hold Or Sell Cryptocurrency
Today, the cryptocurrency was able to go through a crisis period in 2018, when the market continues to go down a bear market. The cryptocurrency market is quite volatile, so it is unpredictable. It can be risky to invest in cryptocurrency without understanding its risk factors. Due to the volatile market, a group of people is still not sure about this digital currency.
Price volatility associated with a lack of inherent value is a serious problem. Therefore, economists such as Nouriel Roubini and Buffett Warren argue that one of the peculiarities, when they characterized the cryptocurrency ecosystem as a bubble, meant exactly the market volatility. This is an important problem, but it can be overcome by directly tying the value of the cryptocurrency to tangible and intangible assets. Increased adoption should also increase consumer confidence and reduce this volatility.

domain: finance


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SCHOLASTIC BOOK FAIR
R.I. Baker Library is once again hosting their annual SCHOLASTIC BOOK FAIR and your support of this literary event is greatly appreciated.
Students and parents are welcome November 5-9th during regular school hours as well as Thursday November 8th from 8:30am – 8:00pm
Payments are accepted with cash, RIBMS Baker Bucks, cheque, debit or credit card.

domain: library


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Thursday, August 15, 2013
Stocks Fall Hard in Heavy Trade; Homebuilders Rally
A slew of positive economic data helped bolster the case for the Federal Reserve to taper its money printing scheme. Apologies, taper the quantitative easing program. The S&P 500 blew by a key level we had been watching in heavy trade as well as the NASDAQ. Leading the market to the downside were small cap stocks with the Russell 2000 falling 1.93% on the session. On the positive side, a better than expected homebuilder sentiment drove housing stocks higher in heavy volume. Volatility jumped as the fear trade kicked into gear one day ahead of options expiry. A nasty day of selling ahead of options expiry and pushing our uptrend out of the way. It is important to obey your trend following rules. Did you have a stock break through a key moving average, channel, or ATR stop? Whatever your sell rules are you must obey them. Ignore them at your peril. No one knows whether or not today was a buy-the-dip-day or the start of something more sinister. Do not ignore your rules. The S&P 500 did drop below 1680 in heavy trade leading us to believe we are likely to see the major index to test its 50 day moving average. For the NASDAQ, to see its 50 day moving average will take a bit more effort by sellers. Over the next couple of trading session how each index reacts to its 50 day moving average will be a key indicator how we proceed forward. Keep your focus on price action and the market will guide you. Sentiment continues to favor the bull camp, but has come in week over week. Bulls did drop on the AAII survey with Bears inching up a bit. However, bulls still sit at 35% while bears sit at 28%. NAAIM sentiment saw a dip in bullishness due to more bearish bets being placed on the market. We have yet to see extreme sentiment, but perhaps this is apart of the “new normal.” Either way; price rules our actions and everything else is a cocktail conversation. Stick to your rules and with Big Wave Trading.

domain: economics


Apollo Justice was released back in 2007 on the Nintendo DS, and it seems right before Apollo’s tenth anniversary, fans may be getting to go back and play as the rookie lawyer once more on mobile devices. Capcom announced the re-release on both their Twitter account and mobile site, listing the game as having an upgraded user-interface and graphics for smartphones and tablets. While there isn’t currently a set release date, anyone interested can pre-register to be notified when the game is available in both the App and Google Play stores.
Check out the full details on the release right here. You can also view a couple of high quality screenshots below.


Bertech Industrial Environments is the Australian representative for McLean Thermal (formerly McLean Midwest), who produce a broad line of air conditioners for cooling of industrial electrical and electronic enclosures and cabinets.
McLean Thermal provides protection in a diverse range of industries from telecommunications and data communications to manufacturing, machine tool, and automotive.
McLean Thermal's ProAir side-mount air conditioners offer a broad range of sizes and performance capacities.
Optional Level II and Level III Smart Control microprocessor-based options provide programmable temperature management, digital display of enclosure temperature, and remote alarm capabilities.
- 470 to 2200 Watts rated cooling capacity (50Hz operation)
- Front cover is hinged for easy maintenance and quick access to all components
- Unique condensate management system evaporates moisture from the enclosure and eliminates drain tubes, buckets and wet floors
- Units use CFC-free or environmentally safe refrigerant that is universally accepted
- 100% functionally tested


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There are over 3,000 Anytime Fitness locations worldwide, making it a popular choice for fitness enthusiasts. Known for its 24/7 accessibility and wide range of equipment, Anytime Fitness has become a go-to option for people looking to achieve their fitness goals at their own convenience.
With a global presence, Anytime Fitness offers a welcoming and supportive environment for individuals looking to lead a healthier lifestyle. The accessibility and flexibility of its facilities make it a preferred choice for those with busy schedules or varying work hours.
Whether it’s cardio, strength training, or group classes, Anytime Fitness aims to cater to a diverse range of fitness needs. We’ll explore the reasons behind the widespread popularity of Anytime Fitness and its impact on the fitness industry.
Evolution Of Anytime Fitness Brand
Since its inception, Anytime Fitness has undergone a remarkable evolution, growing into a well-established and widely recognized fitness brand across the globe. This evolution is marked by the founding of Anytime Fitness, its brand expansion strategy, and its commitment to providing convenient and accessible fitness solutions to members worldwide.
Founding Of Anytime Fitness
The story of Anytime Fitness began in 2002 when founders Chuck Runyon, Dave Mortensen, and Jeff Klinger recognized the need for a fitness center that offered 24/7 access, giving people the flexibility to work out on their own schedule. This innovative concept laid the foundation for the first Anytime Fitness gym, which opened its doors in Cambridge, Minnesota.
Brand Expansion Strategy
Embracing the philosophy of “convenience and accessibility for all,” Anytime Fitness swiftly expanded its footprint through a strategic franchise model, empowering entrepreneurs to own and operate their own clubs while adhering to the brand’s core values. This approach allowed Anytime Fitness to rapidly grow its global presence, ultimately establishing thousands of locations across multiple countries.
Moreover, the brand’s commitment to providing exceptional member experience, state-of-the-art equipment, and supportive fitness community has been pivotal in fostering long-term loyalty and driving the continued expansion of the Anytime Fitness network.
Current Anytime Fitness Locations
Anytime Fitness is a global fitness franchise that has been rapidly expanding, with thousands of locations worldwide. This section explores the current Anytime Fitness locations, its global presence, and expansion plans. Let’s dive in to discover how many Anytime Fitness locations are out there and where they are located.
Anytime Fitness has a remarkable global presence, with a network of over 4,000 gyms spread across 30 countries. These locations extend over various continents, making Anytime Fitness a truly global fitness brand. From the bustling cities to small towns, people can find an Anytime Fitness center conveniently located for their fitness needs.
- The company has ambitious expansion plans, with a focus on reaching new markets and communities worldwide.
- There is a strong emphasis on strategic partnerships and franchise development, aiming to further increase the number of locations and strengthen the brand’s presence in existing markets.
- Continued growth and innovation are at the core of Anytime Fitness’ strategy, ensuring that more individuals have access to convenient fitness facilities.
Finding An Anytime Fitness Gym Near You
Looking to find the nearest Anytime Fitness gym? With over 4,500 locations worldwide, easily discover the closest facility with a diverse range of fitness equipment and convenient 24/7 access. Reach your fitness goals at a location that’s just around the corner.
Using The Anytime Fitness Locator
When it comes to finding a convenient gym location, Anytime Fitness offers a user-friendly locator tool to help you discover their numerous facilities worldwide. Whether you are at home or traveling, accessing their locator can make it simple to find a gym to fit your fitness needs.
Benefits Of Joining Anytime Fitness
If you’re looking for a gym that prioritizes convenience, accessibility, and community, joining Anytime Fitness can be a game-changer for your fitness journey. With their 24/7 access and supportive atmosphere, members can efficiently work towards their fitness goals at any time that suits their schedule.
Frequently Asked Questions On How Many Anytime Fitness Locations Are There
How Many Anytime Fitness Locations Are There Worldwide?
Anytime Fitness has over 4,500 locations across 50 countries, making it one of the largest fitness chains globally. With such a vast network, members can enjoy convenient access to well-equipped gyms wherever they go.
Are There Anytime Fitness Locations In My Area?
Anytime Fitness has a widespread presence, with many locations in urban areas, suburbs, and even smaller towns. Use their locator tool on the website to find the nearest gym to your location and enjoy convenient access to their facilities.
What Amenities Are Offered At Anytime Fitness Locations?
Anytime Fitness locations offer a comprehensive range of amenities, including state-of-the-art fitness equipment, 24/7 access, personal training options, fitness classes, private restrooms, and convenient parking. Members can enjoy a well-rounded fitness experience at their local gym.
With a diverse network of locations across the globe, Anytime Fitness offers unparalleled convenience and accessibility. Whether you’re traveling or simply seeking a local spot to keep up with your fitness routine, the numerous Anytime Fitness locations ensure that you’ll always have a place to work out.
The extensive reach of Anytime Fitness accommodates the needs and preferences of individuals worldwide, promoting a culture of health and wellness on a global scale.

domain: geography


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Australia's rugby boss Bill Pulver says Michael Cheika is the man to turn the Wallabies around while loose forward David Pocock believes honesty is needed for the side to turn their performance around in Wellington on Saturday.
The All Blacks side to play the second Bledisloe Cup match in the Investec Rugby Championship at Westpac Stadium, Wellington, on Saturday 27 August has been named, with new All Black Anton Lienert-Brown to make his Test debut.
All Blacks hooker Dane Coles said his ribs had come through his 78 minutes on the field in Sydney very well in the first Investec Rugby Championship Test against Australia on Saturday and he was looking forward to playing again this week.
Injuries may be frustrating but they also provide All Blacks management with another chance to assess newcomers ahead of the second Investec Rugby Championship Test against Australia in Wellington on Saturday.
Despite going into the opening Bledisloe Cup clash with a winning percentage of just 47 per cent at ANZ Stadium in Sydney, the All Blacks laid on a six-try masterclass to secure their biggest Test win in the city.

domain: sports


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The Lobstick Prince: A Whooping Crane Story
This book is an educational true story about the famous Lobstick Family of Whooping Cranes. Capt. Tommy Moore has been leading trips through the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge aboard the Skimmer since 2003 giving him a unique insight into the life of the famous Lobstick family of Whooping Cranes. Evelyn Atkinson is an accomplished artist with a kind heart. Her watercolors stir the heart by providing an inspired perspective of the birds and habitat that are the Texas Coastal Bend.
- Pamphlet | 21 pages
- 210.82 x 284.48 x 12.7mm | 63.5g
- 13 Dec 2009
- Morrisville, United States


Recreation of the ABS instrument panel for the Lotus Esprit Series 2 cars. I had it designed by someone else, so I can't make any changes to it. The White Strong & Flexible material looked to be a good replacement for the old ABS, and would probably hold up well as it is printed, but I decided to fill the back of mine in with 1 oz of fiberglass resin. I weighted it down as the resin was curing, to prevent warping. With the resin, it's plenty stiff. The original texture of the ABS is NOT recreated in this part.


Sol Cool™ 1/4 Zip Shirt
Price:$ // Size:NA // Color:NA
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When you need the ultimate in hot weather performance, reach for the Sol Cool Crew. This highly functional fabric protects from the elements wherever your adventures take you. Sol Cool features Icefil® technology, which binds Xylitol, a compound found in the birch tree and mint gum, to fabric fibers. It cools the body up to five degrees upon contact with moisture. A UPF 50+ rating, the highest for a garment, guards against UVA and UVB rays even when wet, and the Intelligent Moisture Control fabric wicks efficiently to keep you dry. Underarm gussets provide maximum mobility, and the active stretch fabric is odor resistant.
Sun Guard 50+
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- Icefil® fabric uses Xylitol to create a cooling sensation on contact with moisture to lower skin temperature up to five degrees
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- Thumb loops
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- Flat-locked stitching and tag-less label to prevent irritation
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Size S M L XL XXL Neck 15.5-16 16-16.5 17-17.5 17.5-18 18-18.5 Chest 37-39 40-42 43-45 46-48 49-51 Sleeve Length 32-33 33-34 34-35 35-36 35-36 Tall Sleeve Length -- 35-36 36-37 37-38 38-39
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Best UsesBoating, Camping, Fishing, Hiking, Paddle Sports, Resort


Jason Spang will present on ethical and legal issues related to the practice of engineering. He will cover engineer’s ethical obligations set forth in laws and codes governing the profession. In addition, he will present on legal issues, including the standard of care, that govern the engineers services and work and provide examples of the risks engineers have at various stages of a project. Finally, he will cover typical dispute resolution processes including mediation, arbitration and litigation.
About Our Speaker:
Jason Spang, a licensed professional engineer who has held various roles in the construction industry, focuses his practice on construction-related matters, representing public and private clients in both domestic and international projects.
Jason represents clients in each phase of the construction process, including contract negotiation and formation, project counselling and dispute avoidance, and formal dispute resolution. His practice involves public and private construction and both domestic and international projects. Before receiving his law degree, Jason held various roles in the construction industry, working for a general contractor, a construction manager and for a consulting firm. He holds a professional engineering license in the State of New Jersey and is a U.S. Green Building Council LEED® Accredited Professional.
Wednesday, March 23, 2022
8:00 - 10:00am
This is a virtual seminar and the schedule will be as follows:
8:00am DVASE Announcements and Speaker Introduction
8:10am Seminar Presentation followed by Q&A
Zoom Details for all registrants will be shared 24 hours in advance.
DVASE Members: FREE, Non-members: $55.00*
Click above to register!
*Invite engineers at your firm to attend! Non-members can pay with a credit card via PayPal.
SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR LEADING SPONSOR
OFFIT KURMAN, P.A.
SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR SUPPORTING SPONSORS
HILLIS-CARNES ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES
INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE
MAINSTAY ENGINEERING GROUP, INC.
PULLMAN SST, INC.


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SPOTLIGHTED PODCAST ALERT (YOUR ARTICLE BEGINS A FEW INCHES DOWN)...
Ring of Honor “Supercard of Honor” Night 1 Results
April 1, 2016
Results reported at PWPonderings.com
(1) Bobby Fish beat Christopher Daniels via submission.
(2) Roderick Strong (w/Stokely Hathaway) beat Moose. Hathaway went from WWNLive on Friday afternoon to ROH on Friday night.
(3) Dalton Castle beat Kazarian, Donovan Dijak, Adam Page, Joey Daddiego, and Cheeseburger in a six-way match.
(4) Kyle O’Reilly beat Matt Sydal via submission.
(5) Mandy Leon & Solo Darling beat Amber Gallows & Deonna Purrazo via double submission.
(6) Adam Cole beat A.C.H.
(7) ROH tag champions War Machine (Ray Rowe & Hanson) & The Briscoes beat All Night Express (Rhett Titus & Kenny King) & Silas Young & Beer City Bruiser in an eight-man tag match. Mark Briscoe pinned Bruiser.
(8) ROH World champion Jay Lethal beat Top Prospect winner Lio Rush to retain the ROH World Title.
Colt Cabana returned to challenge Lethal for the ROH Title, saying it’s eluded him his whole career.
— ROH Wrestling (@ringofhonor) April 2, 2016
Letting go of the past, staying positive. There's a new generation who haven't seen what I do & this is for them… https://t.co/tQb0jHkxJJ
— Colt Cabana (@ColtCabana) April 2, 2016
(9) Young Bucks (Nick & Matt Jackson) beat Motor City Machineguns (Alex Shelley & Chris Sabin) in the main event.
The Addiction ran out afterwards to attack the Bucks, but the Briscoes made the save and Daniels took a Superkick Party.


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In an investigation by the Thomson Reuters Foundation, India has been named the world’s most hazardous nation for ladies. Being positioned the most exceedingly terrible on the planet — even beneath Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Pakistan and Somalia — is a noteworthy drop for India, which was positioned the fourth most perilous nation for ladies in a similar study seven years prior.
The parameters the establishment used to judge ladies’ security incorporate the general dangers ladies, particularly in the fields of medicinal services, financial assets and segregation, social, inborn, religious or standard practices, sexual brutality and provocation, non-sexual viciousness and human trafficking. Taking all things together, 759 specialists in ladies’ issues considered the review, of which came 548 reactions. The overview took a gander at 193 United Nations part countries.
On why it positioned India the most exceedingly terrible, Thomson Reuters said the world’s second-most crowded nation evaluated ineffectively on three fundamental fronts — dangers of sexual savagery and badgering, risks from social, inborn and customary practices and human trafficking, including constrained work, sex bondage and residential subjugation.
“Viciousness against ladies in India has caused national and worldwide shock and challenges since the 2012 gangrape and murder of an understudy on a transport in New Delhi,” the report said. “As India’s assault pandemic gets most noticeably bad continuously, commentators have pointed fingers at Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s administration for not doing what’s necessary to secure ladies.”
The establishment likewise recognized six key parameters where India fared inadequately.
Medicinal services: Healthcare incorporates access to authority specialists like optometrists and dental practitioners with aptitude in treating maladies and managing injury. India was positioned the fourth most exceedingly terrible on social insurance, just above Afghanistan, Syria and Somalia.
Sexual orientation segregation: This incorporates separation in work, a powerlessness to make a vocation, biased land, property or legacy rights, absence of access to instruction and absence of access to sufficient sustenance. On this front, India was positioned the third most noticeably bad, behind Saudi Arabia and base put Afghanistan. Pakistan and Bangladesh likewise included in the best 10.
Social conventions: It is this parametre that influenced India’s position the most. India was positioned the most noticeably awful nation on the planet for ladies to the extent social customs are concerned, far more detestable than Afghanistan, Somalia, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. The specialists analyzed instances of corrosive assaults, female genital mutilation, youngster relational unions, constrained relational unions, stoning, physical manhandle and mutilation as types of discipline or reprisal, and in addition female child murder.
Sexual savagery: India was likewise the most exceedingly terrible positioned State as far as sexual brutality, which incorporates assault as a “weapon of war”. It additionally incorporates local assault, by chance something that the Supreme Court had ruled can’t be viewed as a criminal offense. It incorporates absence of access to equity in an assault case, lewd behavior and pressure into sex “as a type of debasement”. While the Democratic Republic of Congo was positioned the second-most exceedingly awful, the United States shockingly came in third from base.
Non-sexual brutality: This incorporates savagery against ladies, however just those cases that don’t fall under the class of sexual wrongdoings. They incorporate household, physical and mental mishandle. India was the third-most exceedingly awful nation on the planet, just behind Syria and Afghanistan. The US was in the 6th position.
Human trafficking: Thomson Reuters characterized human trafficking as “household bondage, reinforced work, constrained work, constrained marriage and sexual subjection”. This is another criteria that basically hurt India — the nation fared inadequately on this front, being positioned the most noticeably awful on the planet behind Libya, Myanmar, Nigeria and Russia. Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan additionally rank in the last 10. Libya, Nigeria and Russia were the main non-Asian nations in the rundown, which likewise incorporated the Philippines, Thailand and Afghanistan.

domain: news


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Bigg Boss 13: Salman Khan turns Chef! Meet the contestants of this season
- By NewsOnFloor Staff
- Sep 16, 2019
- 1325 views
Bigg Boss is an extremely popular reality show and till now its 12 seasons have been aired on TV. Recently, a new promo video of show released on Sunday night and it has created a lot of buzz already. In the video, the show's host Salman Khan can be seen dressed in the gear of a chef - a white jacket as he takes over the kitchen and prepares khichdi and raita.
Salman Khan, who promises to serve "mad manoranjan" in this season of Bigg Boss, says this in the Bigg Boss 13 promo: "Is baar jab satke hue sitare parosenge mad manoranjan, toh sab karna padega da dana dan dan, kyunki chaar hafton mein ayegi finale ki baari, lekin season ka swaad fir bhi rahega janhit mein jaari. Hum paka rahe hain khichdi aur raita.." Colors TV's also shared a post on its official Instagram page, "Bigg Boss 13aa gaya hai parosne mad manoranjan. Dekhna na bhoole, first day first show with Salman Khan, starting September 29, 9 PM and Mon-Fri, 10:30 PM."View this post on Instagram
#BiggBoss13 aa gaya hai parosne mad manoranjan!
The post Bigg Boss 13: Salman Khan turns Chef! Meet the contestants of this season appeared first on NewsCrab.
Source : newscrab

domain: celebrity


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That's right ladies the first sports bra was invented in 1977 by lisa lindahl and polly smith and it was two jockstraps sewed together! For being as widespread as it is, it may be surprising to learn that the sports bra was only invented in 1977 — and it was initially called the “jockbra,” so named because its first design was literally made from two jockstraps sewn together.
No where is that truer than for athletes and fitness buffs, who so often have had to jimmy together the one thing they need to perform their sport better.
First sports bra was invented in 1977. Back in 1977, lisa lindahl uprooted an industry with her jogbra by abbey gingras via. The sports bra was invented in the summer of 1977 by two women who grew up in montclair and the help of friend from canada. 12 years after they founded the company, they sold it to playtex, which today is part of the.
The first sports bra was invented in 1977. The first sports bra was two jock straps stitched together by lisa lindahl and polly smith. This was the summer of 1977, during the height of both the women’s liberation movement and the first jogging craze.
Show more when lisa lindahl couldn't find a comfortable bra to run in, she decided to design one. Or what it was like to run before it was invented? We caught up with lindahl, who now lives in south carolina, to learn more about her first sports bra, jockstraps for women, and running a business with no desire to make money.
The first sports bra was a jockstrap! Necessity breeds creation and that was what brought about the first sports bra. The memory foam bra makes an entrance.
Bouncing breasts hurt, as women getting in on the jogging craze found out. Hinda miller, who was an assistant costume designer to smith at the time, decided to take the idea even farther. First modern sports bra turns 40 :
First sports bra as exercising and fitness became more popular, there was a need for something much more supportive. A sports bra prototype was born. Yet for all the things women did in their maidenform bras, running in comfort.
The first commercially available sports bra was the free swing tennis bra introduced by glamorise foundations, inc. Sports bras have come a long way in a relatively short time. As fitness became more popular, women needed a bra with more support.
The new york magazine said that it was the first bra that was created with movement, and athleticism, with keeping the women specifically in mind. We kick things off in 1977, with a trio of women who collaborated on the very first primitive. After speaking with her sister (another jogger) victoria woodrow, who was complaining about her bad.
Collection, a set of archival materials and artifacts relating to the development of the first sports bra. Then some friends in vermont had an idea to stitch a couple jock straps together to build a contraption to keep things in place. Big sports companies such as nike and reebok quickly paid attention and started to produce similar products, but that didn’t make their product any less profitable.
Fleet feet mount pleasant fit specialists sara pettapiece and jennifer roberts recently sat down (via zoom) with lisa z. Thankfully, the first sports bra — appropriately called the jogbra. In 1977 she and a friend fashioned the first modern sports bra and built a company.
What seems like such a staple in a woman’s bra wardrobe has really not been in existence very long. The sports bra is invented. The first general exercise bra, initially called a jockbra, was invented in 1977 by lisa lindahl and theater costume designer polly smith with the help of smith's assistant, hinda schreiber.both lindahl and her sister, victoria woodrow, complained about their bad.
One of the original jogbras is bronzed and on display near the costume shop of the theatre. In 1977, lisa lindahl, polly smith and hinda mille invented the first sports bra in the costume shop of royall tyler theatre at the university of vermont. In 2013, the american history museum acquired the jogbra, inc.
An equally amazing fact is that their company was profitable from the first year. In 1977, three women sewed two jockstraps together, and the first modern sports bra was born. Prior to the invention of the sports bra in 1977, women like these ice skaters in 1951 exercised in “sports corsets.
So many great inventions spawned from a moment of desperation. Lindahl who invented the original jogbra in 1977. “you see the sports bra wasn’t invented until 1977, but even today, girls are being asked to play in unisex basketball shoes, and a number of other things,” says hobart.
The first sports bra was developed only around 40 years ago and you’re not going to believe how it was invented! Thus, in 1977, lisa lindahl invented the first sports bra and called her jogbra. The feminists started to protest against bras because they believed that the bras were actually torture devices for women.
In 1977, women were still subjected to running, working out, riding horses, and cycling in their. The smart memory bra, the first memory foam bra, was created in 2009. Lisa had tried jogging in her regular bra and found it too “bouncy”.
The first sports bra, by champion, was two jock straps stitched together. It was two jockstraps sewn together. Meet the woman who invented the sports bra.

domain: history


text:
Will Smith – church donationSeptember 27, 2009
For years, Will Smith has denied any connection with the Church of Scientology.
But both he and his wife, Jada Pinkett, are equally related to Scientology as Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes.
He allegedly donated $122,000 in two tranches to the Church of Scientology, one to the New York Rescue Workers Detoxication Fund, and one of $50,000 to the group’s Celebrity Center in Hollywood, another Scientology offshoot.
In addition, in March 2009, the actor came with the proposal to create a private elementary school with teachers specializing in Scientology.


A light source centralized bidirectional passive optical network (PON) system based on multiband direct-detection optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DDO-OFDM) downstream and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) upstream is experimentally demonstrated. By introducing a simple optical single-side band (SSB) filter at the optical network unit (ONU), all the desired signal bands will be immune from the deleterious signal-signal beating interference (SSBI) noise with only single-end direct-detection scheme. An adaptive modulation configuration is employed to enhance the entire downstream throughput which results in a 150-Gbps downstream data rate with a single optical carrier. In the upstream direction, by recycling the clean downstream optical carrier, a 12.5 Gb/s QPSK format with coherent receiving mechanism in central office is adopted for better receiving sensitivity and dispersion tolerance. With the power enhancement by the long-reach PON architecture, the downstream splitting ratio can achieve as high as 1:1024.
© 2013 Optical Society of America
Due to its relatively low complexity and high stability at optical network units (ONUs), on-off keying (OOK) modulation format has been widely employed in passive optical networks (PONs) for decades. However, with the progress and popularities in recent Internet services and cloud network computing, such a simple modulation configuration reveals a great insufficiency in handling the soaring demands of data rate. In the system feasibility consideration, increasing the data rate of OOK format is difficult and inefficient because of its poor spectral efficiency and electronics bandwidth bottlenecks. Moreover, the extension of optical network distribution seriously restricts the data rate of OOK format due to the chromatic dispersion inherent in transmission fiber. Therefore, it’s an imperative mission to upgrade the legacy PONs with higher data capacity in the transmission throughput and longer distribution reach of both the downstream and upstream signals while still maintaining a low complexity in ONUs.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique has been widely applied in wired and wireless communications for decades. The orthogonal nature among data subcarriers and the employment of high-bit-rate vector signals of OFDM format guarantee a very high spectral efficiency, which effectively relieves the bandwidth constraint of the electronic devices and makes it a very promising solution in PONs. Moreover, the long symbol period also promotes OFDM as an effective solution to mitigate the inter-symbol interference (ISI) induced by chromatic dispersions (CD) and polarization mode dispersions (PMD) in optical fiber, and consequently extends the network reaches of PONs.
To date, OFDM applied in optical fiber communications can be mainly categorized as coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) [1, 2] and direct-detection optical OFDM (DDO-OFDM) [3, 4]. Compared with DDO-OFDM, CO-OFDM technique possesses less communication bandwidth demands and better receiving sensitivities. In addition, the application of CO-OFDM in PONs also demonstrates a high splitting ratio . Unfortunately, these fascinating features are only available when a high-cost receiver installation is adopted, which commonly comprises a local oscillating laser, an optical/electrical phase-locked loop (PLL), and a balanced photo-detecting set. In contrast, DDO-OFDM technique usually has no requirement of local oscillation laser and the related PLL circuit at the receiver side. Therefore it exhibits a relatively low complexity and results in a low cost expense of ONUs, which is a paramount consideration from system and service providers. Furthermore, based on the similarity in receiver implementation, the conventional OOK-based ONUs can be easily upgraded for DDO-OFDM receiving with some supplementary DSP circuits. Although DDO-OFDM technique can be adopted to meet the requirement of PONs easily, the square-law detection nature of the photo-detector will introduce signal-signal beating interference (SSBI) after O/E conversion , which is inevitable in DDO-OFDM scheme and is deleterious to signal quality. A guard band is conventionally allocated between the optical carrier and OFDM signal to keep the OFDM signal away from this SSBI noise, which limits the corresponding spectral efficiency. In CO-OFDM, a common approach to increase data capacity is to apply a super channel configuration that modulates multiple OFDM signal bands on a single optical carrier and then demodulate them one by one at the receiver, so that the bandwidth of the employed DSP circuits can be greatly saved due to parallel process . If we apply such a super channel configuration in a conventional DDO-OFDM scheme, the beating interferences between signal bands will become more severe and complicated. To promote the data capacity in downstream transmission with minimum modification in traditional ONU architecture, we have proposed a simple receiving system for multiband DDO-OFDM data format [8, 9]. With a simple optical single-sideband (SSB) filter, we can always sift the desired OFDM signal band without SSBI contaminations. Thus the data capacity can be enlarged and the spectral efficiency can be enhanced simultaneously.
Besides, to implement a low-complexity and low-cost ONU, a major trend in PONs is to centralize the light sources at central office (CO), which means the downstream signals should be recycled for carrying upstream signals at the ONUs to save the local light sources. For the PON systems with CO-OFDM downstream, the local optical carrier is mandatory at ONUs. Although this local source can also be applied for upstream signals, it cannot meet the source-free ONU requirement. Since the optical carrier in DDO-OFDM is only for demodulating the desired OFDM signal at the ONUs, the downstream DDO-OFDM format has great potentials to achieve such a carrier-reuse function at ONUs by an optical carrier extraction setup.
Several bidirectional DDO-OFDM long reach PON systems by applying intensity modulation techniques have been presented with good system performance [10, 11]. Although intensity modulation usually possesses a better cost effectiveness and lower complexity, the quality of the modulated signals is always limited by some inherent properties. For examples: for better linearity, the modulation index in MZM or EAM is pretty limited, which results in a relatively high carrier-to-signal power ratio (CSPR) and thus too much optical power is wasted on optical carrier. Another problem of intensity modulation is that it requires real value signal modulation which wastes half of the precious modulation bandwidth of the employed modulation components. To further enhance the transmission capacity and receiving sensitivity in downstream, we apply field modulation technique to the generation of downstream DDO-OFDM signals, thus >100 Gb/s scale transmission data rate can be achieved in this proposed system. However, since the OFDM signal is encoded in electric field, the square-law detection of the photodetector induces SSBI noise which can be relieved by the proposed optical SSB filtering mechanism. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a light source centralized bidirectional PON system in the both short-reach and long-reach optical distribution network (ODN) scenarios. The downstream signal is composed of a double-sided 6-band DDO-OFDM signal modulated on only one optical carrier. Based on the adaptive modulation configuration in signal allocation , the aggregated data capacity can achieve 150 Gb/s in single polarization. Under the forward error correction (FEC) code limit, the splitting ratios in the proposed PON systems can be as high as 180 and 1024 for short-reach and long-reach scenarios, respectively. Moreover, a carrier-reused mechanism is applied for carrying upstream signal at each ONU. To make a comparison, a 12.5 Gb/s non-return to zero (NRZ) quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation format and a conventional 10.66-Gb/s NRZ-OOK signal are employed in the upstream signals. The corresponding bit-error rates (BERs) measurements are conducted for evaluating the system performances and the experimental results prove the robustness of the proposed source centralized bidirectional PON system.
Figure 1 schematically depicts the conceptual setup of the proposed bidirectional PON system with the spectral arrangements of the downstream and upstream signals, the proposed simple receiving system setup, and the carrier recycle and re-modulation scheme at each ONU. Each function block is described as follows.
2.1 A simple multiband DDO-OFDM receiving mechanism with an optical SSB filter
Enhanced by high level modulation format, OFDM potentially can carry a high volume of transmission data. However, in signal generation and demodulation, the related digital signal processing (DSP) complexity scales up with the data rate and the effective bandwidth , thus the scalability in physical implementation is pretty limited by the electronic bottlenecks. To effectively relieve the demand on high-end DSP circuits, while still maintain a high data rate in transmission throughput, we employ a multiband configuration for the downstream DDO-OFDM signal in the proposed PON system. As shown in Fig. 1, the downstream transmitter in the central office (CO) generates a super-channel OFDM signal with 2N bands carried on both sides of the employed optical carrier. The spectral arrangement of the proposed downstream multiband DDO-OFDM signal is illustrated as Fig. 1(a). At each ONU, we apply an optical single-side band (SSB) filter to sift out the spectral range from the optical carrier to the desired OFDM signal band before photo-detection. Such filtering keeps the desired signal band at the outmost position in the received spectrum, as shown in Fig. 1(b). If we insert a guard band with an equivalent bandwidth of one OFDM band between the optical carrier and the most inner band, after the square-law detection in a photo-detector, the induced SSBI noise will distribute from DC to the frequency next to the desired signal band. Thus, the desired band can be free from the deleterious SSBI noise. Figures 1(c) and 1(d) display the resulting electrical spectra of the proposed receiving mechanism by numerical simulation and experimental measurements respectively. Besides, by employing the proposed optical SSB filter, both the upper and lower side-bands of the optical carrier can carry distinct OFDM information without incurring any RF fading problem. Consequently, the maximum receiver’s bandwidth required at ONUs is only one half of the occupied optical spectrum.
2.2 Adaptive modulation in signal bands to enhance spectral efficiency
As more signal bands are added to the multiband configuration, due to non-zero linewidth of the employed light source, those signal bands located at higher RF frequencies suffer more chromatic dispersion induced phase deviation between the optical carrier and signal bands, which limits either the transmission distance or the acceptable QAM size in a multiband DDO-OFDM system . Since less phase deviation is expected for those signal bands that are closer to the optical carrier, meaning more coherent between signal bands and optical carrier, we can regard these bands as “strong” channels in communication system. In contrast, for the more distant signal bands, they can be regarded as “weak” channels due to less coherence. To guarantee a least acceptable performance, the employed QAM level of the conventional optical OFDM is typically limited by the weakest channel if a uniform format is applied on all the signal bands. The utilization of such uniform format severely wastes the precious spectral efficiencies of the other stronger channels. Thus, according to the channel condition of each signal band, we apply a simple adaptive modulation format on each individual OFDM band to increase the data capacity and spectral efficiency of the downstream signals . Therefore a higher data density is applied to those signal bands located on stronger channels, and vice versa. With such an adaptive modulation scenario, the PON system can receive more benefits in transmission capacity, performance robustness, and dynamic network flexibility with less hardware resources.
Without employing the proposed optical SSB filtering and adaptive modulation mechanism, the guard band for accommodating SSBI noise always shares half of the communication bandwidth in conventional DDO-OFDM system which results in a spectral efficiency R of only m/2, where m = log2M indicates bits per symbol of the applied M-ary QAM. However, in the proposed system, a guard band with only one signal band is required and higher QAM level can be applied on the strong channels. Thus, the overall spectral efficiency of the proposed signal band arrangement can be theoretically represented as Eq. (1),
2.3 The carrier reused upstream signal and the related coherent receiving scheme
To reduce the cost of the ONUs, we employ a carrier-reuse architecture to save the light sources in the ONUs. Since we preserve a guard band on the both sides of the optical carrier for accommodating the deleterious SSBI noise in the proposed downstream multiband DDO-OFDM, the optical carrier can be easily extracted from the downstream signal for carrying upstream signal with high optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and little contamination from downstream signal. Therefore, by applying a simple optical carrier extraction mechanism to sift out the optical carrier for re-modulation, the light sources can be centralized at CO and the ONU can still be well functioned with less facilities. Then, the upstream signal can be re-modulated in either OOK or QPSK format as a baseband signal with little interference from the downstream multiband DDO-OFDM signals. The corresponding signal arrangement of the downstream and upstream signals can be illustrated as in Fig. 1(a).
3. Experimental setups
Figure 2 is the experimental setup for the proposed bidirectional PON system. In this system, the proposed adaptive modulation downstream O-OFDM signal is generated at CO. For the ODN, we employed both the short-reach PON and long-reach PON, with 25 km and 100 km of standard single mode fiber (SSMF), respectively. An additional in-line EDFA is applied for compensating for the transmission loss in the long-reach case. We employ full-duplex in the bidirectional transmission system, as shown in Fig. 2, to avoid Rayleigh backscattering (RB) because the related RB reduction mechanism is beyond the scope of this paper . At the ONU, a multiband DDO-OFDM receiver based on the proposed optical SSB filtering is applied for demodulating the downstream signal. For the upstream signal, after optical carrier extraction, we applied two modulation formats: 10.66 Gb/s OOK and 12.5 Gb/s QPSK signals for both the short-reach and long-reach ODNs. To receive the upstream signal, a PIN detector and a balanced receiver are applied for OOK and coherent QPSK signals at the central office, respectively. The detailed architecture of each section in the experiment is detailed described as follows.
3.1 The transmitter for downstream DDO-OFDM signal in central office (CO)
A 6-band DDO-OFDM signal is generated at the central office for the experimental demonstration. The only employed light source is a tunable external cavity laser (ECL) operated at 1552.52 nm with 100-kHz linewidth. As shown in Fig. 2, this continuous wave (CW) laser is first evenly split into three paths by an optical splitter. The upper two paths are arranged for the generation of DDO-OFDM downstream signal composed of the multiband O-OFDM signal generation path and the optical carrier insertion path. We leave the light source in the lowest path in the CO for QPSK upstream demodulation.
In the multiband O-OFDM signal generation path, the first section is a frequency comb generator, achieved by two-stage optical up-conversion, as depicted in Fig. 2(a). Two sinusoidal clock sources with their phase locked are applied to modulate the two Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) individually. The first MZM (MZM1), modulated by a 15.75-GHz sinusoidal wave, is operated at optical carrier suppression (OCS) mode of the MZM. A 25/50 optical interleaver (IL) is embedded between the two MZMs to achieve a better optical carrier suppression ratio (>40 dB) due to the limited extinction ratio (20 dB) of MZM1. The second MZM (MZM2) is linearly modulated with a 6.25-GHz sinusoidal wave to generate 6 up-converted RF tones to carry the downstream OFDM signal bands, whose spectrum is as shown in Fig. 2(c). The second section is built for the modulation of O-OFDM signal, which comprises an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) and an in-phase/quadrature-phase modulator (IQM) for optically uploading the OFDM signals. The baseband OFDM signal is offline encoded with MATLABTM and then digital-to-analog (D/A) converted by the AWG at a sampling rate of 12 GSa/s. The generated electrical OFDM signal is applied on the 6 optical tones by field modulating the employed IQM for better modulation linearity and thereby a higher signal quality. The generated O-OFDM signal bands are then combined with the phase-synchronized optical carrier in the optical carrier insertion path by a 3-dB optical coupler to establish the multiband O-OFDM downstream signal. Figures 2(d) and 2(e) displays the corresponding optical spectra before and after the carrier insertion. Using this carrier insertion mechanism, the optical carrier-to-signal power ratio (CSPR) can be easily adjusted. In our experimental demonstration, the CSPR is set at 8 dB to obtain better performance uniformity among the 6 signal bands . After power boosting by an EDFA, this multiband O-OFDM signal is sent to the SSMF for downstream transmission at a launch power of 1.7 dBm to prevent from serious fiber nonlinearities.
The inner, middle and outer bands of the 6 O-OFDM bands are correspondingly allocated at 9.5-, 15.75- and 22-GHz away from the optical carrier. With the adaptive modulation configuration, we apply the OFDM signal with a QAM size of 64, 32 and 16 for the inner, middle and outer bands, respectively. Since we have only one set of AWG, we modulate all the 6 bands with the same QAM size simultaneously but evaluate the desired signal band at the corresponding QAM size one by one. As a result, when detecting the inner bands, the modulation QAM size is set at 64, while detecting the middle bands and outer bands, the QAM sizes are respectively set at 32 and 16 for all the channels in the experimental demonstration. In our OFDM configuration, 230 subcarriers out of 512 FFT size carry the corresponding QAM signals, which results in a baseband OFDM signal occupying 5-GHz bandwidth after inserting a 1/16 cyclic prefix (CP) for the chromatic dispersion compensation. The brief DSP procedure is illustrated in the upper left of Fig. 2. The D/A converted OFDM signal is composed of continuous frames, where 20 training symbols and 180 data symbols are arranged in each frame. With this data structure, the signal band carries 20-, 25-, and 30-Gb/s for 16-QAM, 32-QAM, and 64-QAM, respectively. Thus, the ensemble data rate of the 6-band DDO-OFDM signal is 150 Gb/s occupying 49-GHz bandwidth. The effective data rate is about 125.55 Gb/s after removing the training symbols, CP, and 7% forward error correction (FEC) overhead.
3.2 The receiving for downstream DDO-OFDM signal in optical network unit (ONU)
After transmission, the downstream signal is passively split to all the ONUs. For simplicity, a variable optical attenuator (VOA) is applied to manipulate the splitting ratios . A successive 3-dB optical coupler evenly separates the received signal for downstream demodulation and for upstream re-modulation by recycling the optical carrier from the downstream signal. As mentioned in section 2, an optical SSB filter is employed before the photo-receiver to retrieve the desired signal band and prevent it from SSBI contamination. The applied optical SSB filter is passive, which is manually wavelength and bandwidth tunable. The best fitting filter order is found to be about 1.2 in Gaussian order. Based on the performance of the received signals, the optimized central wavelength settings (offset from optical carrier frequency) are 6 GHz for inner bands, 9.13 GHz for middle bands, and 12.25 GHz for outer bands, while the 3-dB passband bandwidth settings are 12 GHz, 18.25 GHz, and 24.5 GHz, respectively. The solid line in Fig. 3 depicts the optical spectrum of the double-sided 6-band OFDM signal, while the dashed lines represent the filter shapes that are employed to select the three upper side bands, respectively. To effectively suppress the un-desired signal bands, the settings of central wavelengths and 3-dB passband bandwidths is quite critical. With the matured integrated optical circuit manufacturing techniques, we believe that these filter specifications are achievable. Furthermore, if a more ideal optical SSB filter with sharper roll-off edge is available, the signal band arrangement can be more compact. An overlapped spectrum after correspondingly filtering the three bands of the upper side, along with the optical carrier, is displayed in Fig. 2(f). Since the detection scheme is direct detection, the O/E down-conversion is achieved by only a single-end photo-receiver, and the received OFDM signal is then analog-to-digitally (A/D) converted by a real-time oscilloscope at a sampling rate of 80 GSa/s. The signal demodulation and decoding is then conducted with MATLABTM offline. The corresponding DSP procedure is provided in Fig. 2. As indicated, before CP removal, we apply a digital down-conversion to demodulate the I and Q signals. After the FFT, QAM signals are retrieved, and the one-tap equalization is adopted to neutralize the channel response. Besides, to compensate for the common phase error (CPE), we also introduce a zero-overhead phase compensator to take care of this issue without any loss of data capacity . The final DDO-OFDM system performance is evaluated by taking the received signals’ error-vector magnitude (EVM) values, defined in IEEE 802.11a-1999TM standard, and estimating the corresponding bit error rates (BERs) from the measured EVMs  in our experiment.
3.3 The upstream signal: OOK vs. QPSK
For upstream transmission, we send two data formats: 10.66-Gb/s OOK signal and 12.5-Gb/s QPSK signal from the ONU as a comparison. The corresponding receivers are then deployed at the CO accordingly. For re-modulating the upstream signal, we employ a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) centered at 1552.52 nm with 0.08-nm pass-band bandwidth and an optical circulator to extract the optical carrier from the downstream signal. For OOK, a 223-1 pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) is generated by a pulse-pattern generator (PPG) at 10.66-Gb/s to modulate the single-drive MZM. As for the QPSK, two 6.25-Gb/s PRBSs with the length of 215-1 are generated by two independent PPGs to modulate the I/Q modulator (IQM2) in the ONU. The extracted optical carrier and the corresponding 12.5 Gb/s QPSK modulated upstream signal are displayed in Fig. 2(g) and Fig. 2(h), respectively. After power boosting, the upstream signal is fed into another 100-km SSMF to avoid the deleterious RB from the downstream signals. In the CO, the corresponding receivers are employed, as depicted in Fig. 2. A commercial 3R receiver is applied for detecting the OOK signal. The BER measurements for OOK upstream signal are performed by an error detector in real time. On the other hand, the received upstream QPSK signal is demodulated with a self-homodyne coherent receiving system. Since the upstream carrier is recycled from the downstream one, the local reference can be provided by the original laser directly. Thus, the local reference and the received QPSK signals are sent into a 90° optical hybrid simultaneously and the successive balanced photo-detector will demodulate the received QPSK signal from optical to electrical domain. After the A/D conversion with a real-time oscilloscope, the required DSPs, such as constant modulus algorithm (CMA) equalization mechanism , phase synchronization, as well as the signal de-mapping, are completed with MATLABTM offline. The BER is evaluated by error counting. Note, due to the simple architecture of PON system, neither optical nor electrical dispersion compensation is applied for both the OOK and QPSK upstreams for a fair comparison.
4. Experimental results
To establish a benchmark of the proposed bidirectional PON system, the BER measurements of both the back-to-back and transmission performance are conducted in the downstream and upstream scenarios. Moreover, we apply the 7% FEC threshold at BER = 3.8x10−3  as the performance benchmark for all the signals.
4.1 Downstream transmission in short-reach (25 km) scenario
In the short-reach scenario, the transmission link in the ODN is 25-km long without in-line amplification. Figure 4 exhibits the BER curves of the 6 bands. As shown in Fig. 4, by using polynomial fitting curves, the averaged received power sensitivity at the specified FEC threshold of all the 6 signal bands is estimated to be about −27.5 dBm in back-to-back, while the threshold sensitivity is about −27.3 dBm after 25-km transmission. The sensitivities of all the signal bands spreads within 1 dB and about 0.2 dB penalty after 25-km transmission is observed. In Fig. 4, we noticed that a highly uniform performance among all the signal bands is achieved by employing the adaptive modulation format after fiber transmission. Since there exists a nonzero laser linewidth of about 100-kHz in the light source, a phase deviation between the optical carrier and OFDM signals band will gradually lose their coherence as the increases of either RF frequency or transmission distance due to chromatic dispersion. Therefore, the arrangement of 16-QAM format at the most distant channel, namely the weakest channel in this PON system, requires a higher per bit power to resist such impairment. In contrast, for the closest channel, also defined as the strongest channel, less loss of coherence between optical carrier and OFDM band is experienced. Thus 64-QAM format is employed, which results in a 1.5 times data rate of the outmost band and the total transmission capacity can be enhanced with the same channel bandwidth. An intermediate signal format, 32-QAM, is then applied in the middle channel. With this adaptive modulation format, the performance difference at the same FEC threshold is almost negligible among the 6 bands. For the overall performance, we only observed about 0.2 dB penalty after transmission. Since the launch power at the CO output is set to be 1.7 dBm to keep the signal immune from fiber nonlinearities, the 0.2-dB transmission penalty is mainly contributed by sampling instability due to offline process. An evaluation of power splitting ratio is displayed in Fig. 5. Under 1.7 dBm optical launch power at CO, we obtained about −4.5 dBm received optical power after 25 km transmission and a 0.8 dB insertion loss from VOA. Thus the potential splitting ratio of this short-reach PON can achieve about 1:180 at an average receiving sensitivity of −27.2 dBm for FEC threshold. For a short-reach PON system with 128 ONUs, we can have about 1.6 dB operational power margin.
4.2 Downstream transmission in long-reach (100 km) scenario
In the long-reach scenario, the transmission link extends to 100-km. An in-line EDFA is then installed before the variable optical attenuator (VOA) to compensate for the power loss in transmission. Shown in Fig. 6, the received power sensitivity at the specified FEC threshold is about −27.5 dBm in back-to-back condition, while that in 100-km transmission is about −27 dBm, after applying polynomial fitting curves. The performance of all the transmitted OFDM signal bands are almost the same due to two major reasons: one is the aforementioned non-uniform modulation format arrangement based on the adaptive modulation concept, and the other one is the applied digital CPE compensator in the signal demodulation. Since after 100-km fiber transmission, the signal accumulates four times dispersion with respect to the short-reach scenario, the common phase deviation is therefore enlarged. Such an effective CPE compensator without any overhead employs all tentative decisions of the received OFDM signal to estimate the corresponding CPE. The final results are revealed in Fig. 6, which indicates an almost identical performance to the short-reach scenario. The observed 0.5-dB transmission penalty, which is slightly larger than that of the short-reach scenario, is mainly contributed by the slight OSNR degradation due to the deployed in-line EDFA.
The splitting ratio evaluation is also conducted, as depicted in Fig. 7. The optical launch power at CO is still set at about 1.7 dBm. To compensate for the power loss after 100-km fiber transmission, an in-line amplifier with 28 dB gain is employed which results in a maximum received power of about 3.25 dBm (i.e. only one ONU), where an additional 5-dB power loss is attributed to the employment of optical filter with 0.8-nm passband bandwidth followed by the in-line EDFA to reject the excess ASE noise. The maximum splitting ratio in this long-reach PON is found to be about 1:1024, as shown in Fig. 7. However, in such circumstance, there’s almost no operational power margin left.
4.3 Upstream transmission scenarios
In the upstream transmission, we evaluate the performance difference between OOK format and QPSK format side-by-side for a vivid comparison. Figure 8 depicts the BER curves as a function of the received optical power for both cases. At first, we evaluate the performance of the 10.66-Gb/s OOK format for back-to-back, short-reach and long-reach scenarios. As we can expect, the BER curves of the long-reach scenario exhibits an obvious power penalty, about 1.5 dB at BER = 10−3, due to the accumulated chromatic dispersion, as shown in the BER curves and the corresponding eye diagrams in Fig. 8. As for the QPSK case, since QPSK bears a smaller effective bandwidth than it of the OOK signal at the same data rate, it has much stronger tolerance to chromatic dispersion. Based on this concern, we employ a 12.5-Gb/s QPSK format instead. With the proposed optical recycle mechanism at ONU and self-homodyne coherent receiving system at CO for the upstream QPSK signal, we found that the receiving sensitivities of all of the scenarios in ODN locate at about −45 dBm at the specified FEC threshold, as illustrated in Fig. 8. The penalty after long-reach QPSK transmission is about 0.5 dB. Compared it with the OOK, the power sensitivity for QPSK is much lower, by about 4 dB, in the long reach scenario, thus QPSK can enjoy much more system margin.
We have proposed and successfully demonstrated a double-sided multiband DDO-OFDM PON system based on a bidirectional configuration. In the downstream transmission of both short-reach and long-reach scenarios, the proposed simple receiving system via an optical SSB filter in each ONU guarantees the immunity of SSBI noise. An adaptive modulation configuration with 64-QAM, 32-QAM, and 16-QAM is also proven to improve the spectral efficiency while still maintains a uniform performance. The receiving power sensitivities at the specified FEC threshold are −27.5 dBm and −27 dBm before and after the long-reach transmission respectively, and the power splitting ratio achieves 1:1024. To overcome the accumulated chromatic dispersion and to achieve better receiving sensitivity, we employed a 12.5-Gb/s QPSK format in the upstream transmission. By applying the self-homodyne coherent receiving scheme, a received power sensitivity of about −45 dBm is obtained which is much lower than the required sensitivity of OOK.
References and links
1. Y. Ma, Q. Yang, Y. Tang, S. Chen, and W. Shieh, “1-Tb/s single-channel coherent optical OFDM transmission over 600-km SSMF fiber with subwavelength bandwidth access,” Opt. Express 17(11), 9421–9427 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2. J. Yu, Z. Dong, and N. Chi, “1.96 Tb/s (21x100 Gb/s) OFDM optical signal generation and transmission over 3200-km fiber,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 23(15), 1061–1063 (2011). [CrossRef]
3. W.-R. Peng, I. Morita, H. Takahashi, and T. Tsuritani, “Transmission of high-speed (> 100 Gb/s) direct-detection optical OFDM superchannel,” J. Lightwave Technol. 30(12), 2025–2034 (2012). [CrossRef]
4. L. Mehedy, M. Bakaul, A. Nirmalathas, and E. Skafidas, “Scalable and spectrally efficient long-reach optical access networks employing frequency interleaved directly detected optical OFDM,” IEEE J. Opt. Commun. Networking 3(11), 881–890 (2011). [CrossRef]
5. N. Cvijetic, M.-F. Huang, E. Ip, Y. Shao, Y.-K. Huang, M. Cvijetic, and T. Wang, “Coherent 40Gb/s OFDMA-PON for long-reach (100+ km) high-split ratio (>1:64) optical access/metro networks,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper OW4B.8. [CrossRef]
8. K.-M. Feng, J.-H. Yan, Y.-W. Chang, and F.-L. Cheng, “A novel double-sided multiband direct-detection optical OFDM system with single laser source,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper CF1F.5. [CrossRef]
9. J.-H. Yan, Y.-W. Chen, K.-H. Shen, and K.-M. Feng, “A 1:128 high splitting ratio long reach PON based on a simple receiving design for ONU with 120-Gb/s double-sided multiband DDO-OFDM signal,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (Optical Society of America, 2013), paper JW2A.74. [CrossRef]
11. C. W. Chow, C. H. Yeh, C. H. Wang, F. Y. Shih, and S. Chi, “Signal remodulation of OFDM-QAM for long reach carrier distributed passive optical networks,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 21(11), 715–717 (2009). [CrossRef]
12. E. Giacoumidis, J. L. Wei, X. L. Yang, A. Tsokanos, and J. M. Tang, “Adaptive-modulation-enabled WDM impairment reduction in multichannel optical OFDM transmission systems for next-generation PONs,” IEEE Photonics J. 2(2), 130–140 (2010). [CrossRef]
13. S. J. Savory, “Digital signal processing options in long haul transmission,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (Optical Society of America, 2008), paper OTuO3. [CrossRef]
14. W.-R. Peng, “Analysis of laser phase noise effect in direct-detection optical OFDM transmission,” J. Lightwave Technol. 28(17), 2526–2536 (2010). [CrossRef]
15. C. H. Yeh, C. W. Chow, and H. Y. Chen, “Simple colorless WDM-PON with Rayleigh backscattering noise circumvention employing m-QAM OFDM downstream and remodulated OOK upstream signals,” J. Lightwave Technol. 30(13), 2151–2155 (2012). [CrossRef]
16. S. Straullu, F. Forghieri, V. Ferrero, and R. Gaudino, “Optimization of self-coherent reflective PON to achieve a new record 42 dB ODN power budget after 100 km at 1.25 Gbps,” Opt. Express 20(28), 29590–29598 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. R. A. Shafik, S. Rahman, and A. H. M. Razibul Islam, “On the extended relationships among EVM, BER and SNR as performance metrics,” in Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2006), pp. 408–411. [CrossRef]
18. K. Kikuchi, “Polarization-demultiplexing algorithm in the digital coherent receiver,” in Proceedings of IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2008), pp. 101–102.
19. ITU-T Recommendation G.975.1, Appendix I.9 (2004).


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What are Facial Fillers?
Facial fillers are a popular non-surgical cosmetic treatment that helps restore volume and rejuvenate the skin. As we age, our skin loses elasticity, collagen, and natural fat, resulting in sagging and wrinkles. Facial fillers are injected into specific areas of the face to add volume, smooth lines, and enhance facial contours. Access this external content to dive deeper into the subject. Review now, expand your knowledge of the topic discussed.
1. Hyaluronic Acid Fillers
Hyaluronic acid fillers, also known as HA fillers, are the most commonly used type of facial filler. Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in our body that helps retain moisture and keeps our skin plump and hydrated. HA fillers work by binding with the water in your skin, providing immediate results and lasting effects.
2. Calcium Hydroxylapatite Fillers
Calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) fillers are another popular choice for facial rejuvenation. These fillers contain tiny particles of calcium suspended in a gel-like substance. When injected, the calcium particles stimulate collagen production, leading to long-lasting results. CaHA fillers are particularly effective in treating deep lines and restoring volume in larger areas such as the cheeks.
3. Poly-L-Lactic Acid Fillers
Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) fillers are a unique type of facial filler that stimulates collagen production over time. Unlike other fillers that provide immediate results, PLLA fillers work gradually to improve the skin’s texture, reduce wrinkles, and restore facial volume. This type of filler is commonly used for full-face rejuvenation and has long-lasting effects.
4. Polymethylmethacrylate Fillers
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) fillers are considered semi-permanent fillers as they provide long-lasting results. These fillers contain tiny PMMA microspheres suspended in a collagen-like substance. When injected, the body creates a collagen network around the microspheres, providing support and structure. PMMA fillers are commonly used to treat deep lines and wrinkles, and can also be used for facial contouring.
5. Fat Injections
Fat injections, also known as autologous fat transfer, involve harvesting fat from one part of your body and injecting it into another. This type of facial filler utilizes your body’s own fat cells, making it a natural and long-lasting solution. Fat injections are commonly used to restore lost volume in the cheeks, temples, and lips, and to fill in deep lines and wrinkles.
The Importance of Choosing the Right Filler
When considering facial fillers, it is essential to consult with a qualified and experienced medical professional who can assess your individual needs and recommend the most suitable filler for you. Each type of filler has its own unique properties and is best suited for specific areas or concerns. The right filler choice will result in natural-looking and desirable results.
The Benefits and Risks
Facial fillers offer numerous benefits, including immediate results, minimal downtime, and long-lasting effects. They can help address various signs of aging, such as wrinkles, sagging skin, and loss of volume. However, it is important to understand that like any medical procedure, facial fillers come with potential risks. These risks include temporary swelling, bruising, redness, and in rare cases, infection or allergic reactions. It is crucial to discuss these risks with your medical professional before undergoing any treatment.
Your Consultation and Treatment
If you are considering facial fillers, your first step should be to schedule a consultation with a trusted medical professional who specializes in cosmetic treatments. During your consultation, the professional will assess your facial structure, discuss your concerns and desired outcomes, and recommend the most appropriate filler for you. They will also provide you with pre-treatment instructions and discuss potential side effects and aftercare.
On the day of your treatment, the medical professional will cleanse and numb the treatment area. The filler will then be injected into specific points using a fine needle. You may experience mild discomfort during the injection, but it is generally well-tolerated. The procedure usually takes around 30 minutes to one hour, depending on the treatment area and the number of injections required.
After the treatment, you may experience some swelling, redness, or bruising, but these side effects are typically mild and resolve within a few days. You can expect to see immediate results, with further improvement over the following weeks as the filler settles and integrates with your natural tissues.
Facial fillers offer a safe and effective solution for those looking to restore volume, smooth lines, and enhance their facial contours. With various types of fillers available, it is important to consult with a qualified professional to determine the most suitable option for your unique needs. By choosing the right filler and undergoing treatment from a trusted provider, you can achieve natural-looking results and regain a youthful appearance. We strive to provide a comprehensive learning experience. That’s why we suggest this external source, which contains supplementary and pertinent details on the topic. Verify here, dive deeper and expand your knowledge!
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domain: beauty


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Yep...an honest-to-goodness book review! When was the last time I did one of those, huh?
I think i've posted about the Gallagher Girl series before, but the fifth installment of the series has just ariived, so I figured you might want to hear my thoughts.
To all you newcomers, the Gallagher Girl series is a set of books about an all girls academy...sounds boring? Exept that the academy just happens to be a spy school. Yup. As in SPY school. Right?? Any-whoo, so the stories revolve mainly around Cammie Morgan as she is the daughter of the Headmistress and all, but it also contains her rommates and bff's Liz, supergenius extrordinare, Bex (or Elizabeth if you're mad at her) the crazy adventerous of the trio plus one, and Macey, multi-millionare (billionare?) who's all about fashion, boys and, oh yeah, spying. not to mention the cutie next door, Josh, and guy-spy Zach Goodman (residant hottie) along with his (is it possible?) even hotter teacher Joe Soloman, aks "Double-oh-hottie" (No I am not making this up :) Overall, a light, but exciting read that once yoyu start you won't be able to put it down.
Now. To the book itself...
Okay, so that was longer than I was hoping, but basically Spy school, and it's all following them on theor adventueres.. Well this one was sorta different. First off, Cammie doesn't remember the past three months of her life for most of the book, and instead of spending all her time at school, she actually leaves to go. Elsewhere. The mystery of her dad is...resolved, and she and her guy-spy's relationship sort of solitifiees. Sort of.
Overall, it was pretty good, though it did seem she was mainly trying to set up a sequel and she did leave a few questions unanswered, hopefully to be resolved by the end of her series. I'd give it a B+/A-
Let me know what you thougth about the books and my reviewing!

domain: literature


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The Salvation Army Oshawa
Thrift Store Donations
TOGETHER WE ARE MAKING A DIFFERENCE
ANTIQUES & COLLECTIBLES
MEDIA & BOOKS
Our Thrift Store welcomes donations. However, there are some items we are unable to accept due to sanitary and health and safety concerns. These include; used mattresses and box springs, sofa beds, used wall-to-wall carpets, hazardous materials (e.g. paints), propane tanks, barbecues, infant equipment (e.g. car seats, cribs and strollers), tires and auto parts.
Why Donate to The Salvation Army Oshawa Thrift Store?
After the COVID-19 pandemic virtually shut down the economy in mid-March, millions of Canadians are finding themselves in need of help. The effects of the pandemic caused nearly two million people to lose their jobs in April, while many more workers have experienced reduced hours and pay. With nearly 40 per cent of Canadians under the age of 55 only able to cover critical expenses like food or rent for one week in the event of job loss, this will continue to have significant impacts on the ability of individuals and families to make ends meet. Every day, and especially in times of hardship, your donations make a difference by:
- Allowing us to provide a place for our shared communities to shop for affordable clothing and household items.
- Empowering individuals and families living in poverty to shop for essential needs free of charge using vouchers given by The Salvation Army’s social services. Over $4.2 million dollars in goods were provided through the voucher program in Canada last fiscal year.
- Helping generate funds to support local Salvation Army programs such as food banks and shelters for people experiencing homelessness – services that will be in higher demand than ever as our communities struggle to regain their footing after the pandemic.
- Keeping millions of reusable items out of landfills every year.?

domain: sociology


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WHAT IS ENDOSCOPY AND LAPAROSCOPY?
Allison Wilson, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM, Small Animal Internal Medicine
A very common reason for you and your pet to be referred to VSNT is to have a “scope” or “scope-assisted” surgery. This is a medical procedure that is used to get biopsies or small pieces of body organs for testing, to try and determine why your pet is sick. Sometimes it is used to remove things from your pet’s stomach, after they have swallowed something, they should not have eaten, such as a toy or a fish hook. It is commonly referred to as “minimally invasive,” which means that surgery, or making an incision into the body, may not be needed (endoscopy). In the case of laparoscopy, the incisions or openings made in the body are very small. This allows your pet to recover faster and, in some cases, go home the same day of their procedure. Below, I’ll answer three of the most common questions people have about these procedures, so that you can better prepare for you and your pet’s visit to VSNT.
A scope is the same as a colonoscopy, right?
Yes! The term “scope” is a general term use to describe when a camera is used to enter the body and take a look around, like the Magic School Bus show some watched as a child. Colonoscopies are a very common procedure performed in humans and is referring to examining the colon, which is the of the end of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, there are several other areas of the body that we can examine with a scope. For example, a bronchoscopy, allows us the examine the inside of the lungs and cystoscopy allows us to examine the inside of the urinary bladder. With an upper GI scope, we evaluate the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine. Due to the length of the intestinal tract, we cannot evaluate all of the intestines with an endoscope. Finally, an endoscope specifically utilizes the body’s own orifices or openings such as the mouth, nose, urethra and anus.
How is laparoscopy different from a scope?
Laparoscopy means, looking into the abdomen to examine the internal organs with a camera. It does still use a “scope” so that making an opening into the body with a small surgical incision is needed. In people, an opening or incision is commonly made in the belly button, to help hide the scar, as it is typically very small. The gall bladder is commonly removed in people using laparoscopy. Here at VSNT, we use laparoscopy to examine the liver and take samples for testing. This is used when your pet has changes to their lab work that cannot be explained with routine testing.
How long will my pet be at the hospital for their scope?
Most pets that have a scope will be able to go home the same day. These procedures do require general anesthesia and cannot be performed with your pet awake. While the procedure itself may not take more than an hour, we want to make sure your pet recovers fully from anesthesia before going home. Therefore, your pet will be with us for at least 8 hours, sometimes longer. For those pets that have a laparoscopy, they will spend the night to make sure they are comfortable after surgery. VSNT has a fully staffed ICU, so someone will be with your pet 24/7 until you come to pick them up.
Hopefully this was a helpful overview for some of the diagnostic procedures performed at VSNT. Your consultation appointment with your VSNT doctor will allow you ask any additional questions. In some cases, your pet may not even need a scope as other techniques may better serve to help you and your pet. As always, we are here to help you and your pet to the best of our abilities!

domain: pet


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Shop for Northeastern tribal fashion wear, accessories at this website
Get yourself the true tribal deal through e-commerce portal Tribalhandycrafts.com, which showcases the handiworks of Meghalayan and Assamese tribes
The tribal look has been in vogue for over a year now, and the trend isn’t going away yet. While Indian designers continue to seek inspiration from tribes across the globe this season as well, street stalls are lined with everything from scarves to sandals adorned with geometrical Aztec prints.
Tribalhandycrafts.com stocks a wide range of bags, stoles and shawls to choose from. These are designed by men and women of Assam’s Karbi tribe and Meghalaya’s Hajong tribe
Heading North East
But this trend isn’t what Mritunjay Burman had on his mind when he and his partners recently launched the e-commerce portal, Tribalhandycrafts.com. “We wanted to do something to save the dying tribal arts. When I visited my village in Meghalaya recently, I realised that people had given up weaving altogether because it is no longer a viable source of income. I had to travel to another village just to buy a traditional handmade shawl or towel,” says Burman, a Bangalore-based filmmaker.
Straight from the weaver
One of the reasons behind tribal handicraftsmen abandoning the art are the more economically priced machine-made goods that have stormed the local markets. “A web portal, we felt, would provide the weavers a great platform to showcase their wares,” explains Burman. At the same time, consumers from across the globe can get access to artisans from the Assamese Karbi tribes, known for their shawls, bags and jackets, as well as Meghalaya’s stunning sarong-making Hajong tribes.
Haute and handmade
Burman hopes to showcase the work of other tribes from across Northeast India too. While the products available on the website currently stick to traditional designs, eventually he wants to get the craftsmen to dabble with slightly different, more modern designs. “Once the website takes off, I will get in touch with designers who could work with the craftsmen to give the products a trendier edge,” reveals Burman.

domain: artistic


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Incontinence is a massive problem for up to three million people in england. This embarrassing condition means sufferers have the inability to control the elimination of urine, which causes them to pass urine by accident.
People of any age or gender can experience incontinence, even though its much more common in people that are older. in addition to this, the ailment affects many more females than men.
There's plenty types of incontinence, but each one is caused by a problem with the bladder.
Our urine is produced by the kidneys and it is collected in the bladder. when it is full of urine, the bladder empties. when it empties, the the bladder's muscular wall must contract simultaneously as the band of muscle in the bladder relaxed. most cases of incontinence in people is a result of a problem with one of these processes.
It's obvious that, the symptoms of incontinence are urinating without wanting to. However, this can manifest itself in a number of different ways.
Some incontinence sufferers find that they dribble urine when there is pressure placed on their bladder including when they lift something or sneeze. on the other hand, other incontinence sufferers may find that they leak urine constantly.
There's multitude different kinds of incontinence that sufferers can experience and we have listed some of the most commonplace below.
Firstly there is overflow incontinence, which is when the amount of urine is more than the size of the bladder, so leakage of urine occurs. You may feel like your bladder is never totally empty, so sometimes incontinence sufferers may have to spend hours in the washroom.
Functional incontinence is another kind of incontinence. This kind is when you know you want to go to urinate, but you can't get to the washroom because of a physical or communication problem.
There is also mixed type incontinence, which is when incontinence sufferers experience more than one kind of incontinence. this could happen if a person with overflow incontinence had worsening alzheimer's disease, which would also cause them to suffer from functional incontinence.
There's a wide variety of different incontinence treatments available.
One of them is bladder training. this treatment requires you to empty your bladder at certain times, before gradually increasing the time between intervals. this treatment needs to be followed for a minimum of six weeks to see whether its going to work.
Alternatively, your dr may want to prescribe a course of medicines to treat your problem. hrt might also be handy if you've been through the menopause and suffer from an overactive bladder.
If you've stress incontinence and other incontinence treatments have not been effective, your dr might recommend a surgical procedure to support your uretha and bladder neck. there are a wide variety of available surgical procedures, so you will have to visit your dr for more documentation.
In addition to these treatments, there's also a wide range of products available that will help you to keep your symptoms under control. These include washable and disposable knickers and pads to keep you dry throughout the night and day, as well as a wide range of bed protection toiletries and products that will feel fantastic.
Artice Source: http://www.articlesphere.com
Related Articles in Incontinence
People interested in the above article are also interested in the related articles listed below:
When most people think that about bedwetting, they right away think of children. Bed wetting can be a major problem not only for kids but also for adults. In usual cases it is the children of the age when they have just started going to the school and are not trained independently to go to the bathroom.
Does coughing, sneezing, or laughing too much cause you to leak urine? You might be experiencing a urinary problem which is the most common form of incontinence in women. Incontinence is defined as an involuntary loss of urine that is enough to cause a social or hygiene concern. Urine is produced by the kidneys and collected in the bladder, which expands like a balloon as the volume increases. When full, the bladder empties itself by releasing the urine via the urethra. Most people need to pass water every three to four hours during the day and up to once or twice in the night.
Urgency is a word which describes a pressing necessity, like there is a need to do something immediately. It is a normal feeling to have most especially in situations that are of utmost importance. Paying the electricity bill that has been long overdue, or finishing a business report that will be presented during a board meeting - these are only a few examples of urgent matters that we cannot afford to delay.

domain: medical