|Publication number||US4990377 A|
|Application number||US 07/392,107|
|Publication date||Feb 5, 1991|
|Filing date||Aug 10, 1989|
|Priority date||May 2, 1988|
|Also published as||EP0412515A1|
|Publication number||07392107, 392107, US 4990377 A, US 4990377A, US-A-4990377, US4990377 A, US4990377A|
|Inventors||Michael E. Wilson|
|Original Assignee||Pcr Group, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (37), Classifications (33), Legal Events (11)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is a continuation-in-part of commonly assigned co-pending application, Ser. No. 189,146, filed May 2, 1988, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,877,654.
This invention relates to buffered aqueous systems which are especially useful for rendering porous substrates water repellent. More particularly, the present invention relates to buffered emulsions of aqueous silanes, and/or oligomers thereof which have low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC) when cured, and are useful in treating porous masonry and wood surfaces to render such surfaces water repellent, even when biocides are included in the composition.
The utility of silanes, especially alkoxysilanes, as masonry water repellents is widely known. Compositions currently in use employ solutions of silanes in various organic solvents such as alcohol, e.g., Seiler U.S. No. 3,772,065, and Brown et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,342,796, or hydrocarbons, e.g., Linn, U.S. Pat. No. 4,525,213. Principal limitations of such solvent type compositions include the toxicity and the flammability of the solvents employed.
Aqueous silane compositions which are non-toxic and non-flammable have become important as effective masonry water repellent compositions, see, Puhringer, U.S. Pat. No. 4,433,013, Schmidt, U.S. Pat. No. 4,517,375 and DePasquale and Wilson, U.S. Pat. No. 4,648,904. Such compositions can have an important drawback, however, and that is that the pH may tend to drift and then the silane reacts with water and polymerizes. This reduces efficacy by reducing the content of active, water-repellent ingredient. Moreover, the pH of the system may shift when additives are included such as a biocide, which is commonly added to retard growth of fungi and the like. Although the stability of the water-containing emulsions can be enhanced to some extent by refrigerating them, or the problem of reduced efficacy can be avoided by using the emulsions soon after preparation, both expedients are not cost-effective and may in some cases cause waterproofing contractors to go back to the above-mentioned solvent borne, non-aqueous compositions.
Although the prior art has frequently demonstrated that silanes dispersed in water react to form silicone resins, see, e.g., Hatcher et al., U.S. Pat. No. 2,683,674 and Raleigh, U.S. Pat. No. 4,175,159, no easy way has been suggested to stabilize them. In some cases, the pH of the system has been adjusted to increase the rate of resin formation, e.g., Deubzer et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,552,910 and Ona et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,228,054, but pH control was not suggested as a stabilizing means. Stable hydrolyzed silane impregnating solutions useful as water repellents can also be prepared by dissolving some silanes in water as reported in the above-mentioned Puhringer and Schmidt patents, but they deliberately hydrolyze the silanes and do not produce a stable hydrolyzed silane composition. Wilson, in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application, Ser. No. 189,146, filed May 2, 1989, now allowed, discloses that hydrolytically stable, water-based, normally hydrolyzable silane emulsions may be prepared by selecting appropriate silanes (largely water insoluble) and appropriate emulsifiers, if the pH is maintained in a predetermined pH stable range, typically 6-8, with a buffering compound. Additionally, Wilson, in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application, Ser. No. 317,714, filed Mar. 1, 1989, now allowed, discloses buffered silane emulsions compositions in combination with expanded perlite.
However, modern environmental concerns of air quality have made it desirable to develop water-repellents for porous substrates having low levels of volatile organic compounds when cured. Compounds of this nature are especially desirable in light of the increasingly stringent standards on volatile organics set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). To this end, it has now been discovered that the buffered silane emulsions of the present invention are eminently suitable for both providing stable compositions useful in rendering masonry, cement and expanded perlite surfaces water repellent, and possessing a sufficiently low volatile organic compound content when cured to satisfy even the most stringent air quality standards.
When used herein and in the appended claims the term "compound for buffering the pH of said composition within said determinable pH stable range" contemplates any substances or combination of substances, which, when dissolved in water produce a solution which resists a change in its hydrogen ion concentration upon the addition of acid or alkali. Although this will call to the mind of those skilled in this art a large family of buffering compounds, numerous illustrations of typical buffering compounds will be set forth hereinafter and in the working examples.
According to the present invention there are provided buffered aqueous silane emulsions, useful as porous substrate water repellent compositions and having a volatile organic compound content of less than about 400 g/l when cured, comprising effective amounts of: (a) a hydrolyzable silane essentially hydrolytically stable within a determinable pH range; (b) at least one emulsifier having an hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value of from about 1.5 to about 20, preferably 4 to 17; (c) an effective amount of at least one compound for buffering the pH of said composition within said determinable pH stable range; and (d) water.
In one of its embodiments, the present invention also provides a process for increasing the resistance to penetration by aqueous media of a porous substrate by applying to the surface of the substrate a buffered composition as above defined and allowing the composition to cure.
Special mention is made of embodiments of this invention comprising compositions and use of such compositions as defined above, wherein they also include an effective amount of (e) a biocide.
By the term "masonry" used herein, is meant any porous inorganic substrate, particularly building compositions and including but not limited to structural ceramics such as common brick, paving brick, face brick, sewer pipe, drain tile, hollow block, terra cotta, conduits, roofing tile, flue lining, cements such as Portland cement, calcined gypsum products, i.e., molding and building plaster and stucco, magnesia cement, insulation products such as electrical and thermal insulators (diatomaceous earth brick) and porcelain spark plugs, etc.
The masonry materials also include stone, tile, artificial stone, adobe, concrete and reinforced concrete such as found in roadways, bridge decks, airport runways, parking garage decks, and other concrete building structures.
The masonry materials which can be treated in accordance herewith are preferably dry when treated with the water repellent compositions, although they may be wet. In the case of settable masonry materials, the compositions of the present invention may be incorporated in the preset mixture, for example, into a concrete mix prior to casting and setting. Wood, structural timbers, siding and the like can also be made water repellent using this invention.
By the term "expanded perlite", as used herein, is meant compositions which generally comprise any glass rock with the capacity to expand greatly on heating and particularly comprises volcanic glass of rhyolitic composition, containing 2 to 5 percent of combined water. Perlite is generally characterized by a system of concentric, spheroidal cracks which are called perlite structures. Expanded perlite denotes any glass rock and more particularly a volcanic glass which has expanded suddenly or "popped" while being heated rapidly. This "popping" generally occurs when the grains of crushed perlite are heated to the temperatures of incipient fusion. The contained water is converted to steam and the crushed particles form light, fluffy, cellular particles. Volume increases of the particles of at least ten fold are common. Different types of perlite are characterized by variations in the composition of the glass affecting properties such as softening point, type and degree of expansion, size of the bubbles and wall thickness between them, and porosity of the product. See generally; Encyclopedic Dictionary of Industrial Technology, Materials, Process and Equipment, (1984), pages 226-27 and Grant; Hackh' s Chemical Dictionary, The Blakiston Company, Inc., 3rd Edition (1944).
The compositions of the present invention all possess a volatile organic compound (VOC) content of less than about 400 g/l when cured, preferably less than about 350 g/l, more preferably less than about 300 g/l and most preferably less than about 250 g/l. The VOC content is determined using Environmental Protection Agency Method 24. The VOC content is calculated according to the following equation: ##EQU1## where d=density of material being tested according to ASTM D1475-85; S=percent solids according to ASTM D2369-86; and W=percent water determined by ASTM D4017-81.
The Hydrolizable Silane (a). The water-based compositions of the present invention preferably include as component (a) a hydrolyzable silane, for example, one with a molecular weight up to about 600 (or essentially a multiple thereof, if oligomerized) and the general formula of Rn --Si--(R1)4-n, wherein R is a C1 -C30 hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl group, R1 is a C1 -C6 alkoxy, halide, amino, carboxyl, or a mixture of any of the foregoing, and n is 1 or 2. The hydrocarbyl group comprises hydrogen and carbon atoms and may be aliphatic, or cycloaliphatic, or aryl, or aralkyl. These hydrocarbyl radicals may also contain as substituent groups, halogen, e.g., chlorine, bromine, fluorine; nitrogen; oxygen or sulfur heteroatoms. One or more of such halogen substituents may be present in the R group. Preferably the R group is a C6 -C30 hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl and more preferably the R group is C8 -C30 hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl. The R1 group can comprise a C1 -C6 alkoxy, halogen, amino, or carboxylate group. Thus, among the alkyl groups useful as R1 are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and isopropyl. As indicated, n may be 1 or 2 and thus, monohydrocarbyl substituted alkoxysilanes and dihydrocarbyl substituted alkoxysilanes are contemplated by the present invention. The active ingredients of the invention can also comprise condensation dimers and trimers, or other oligomers of the silanes, as are well known in the art. The hydrolyzable silanes (a) can range widely in amount. However, typically the amount can comprise from about 1 to about 60 percent by weight of the composition, and especially from about 10 to about 50 percent by weight.
Silanes especially useful in accordance with the present invention generally have a molecular weight in excess of 135 and preferably greater than 190 up to about 600 for the monomers. The dimers and trimers present in the composition will, of course, have essentially multiples of the molecular weights of the single specie of silane or silanes being used. It should be noted that mixtures of various silanes may be used, if desired.
Specific examples of silanes useful in accordance with the present invention include, but are not limited to, butyltrimethoxysilane, butyltriethoxysilane, dibutyldimethoxysilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane, di-isobutyldimethoxysilane, isobutyltriethoxysilane, n-hexyltrimethoxysilane, 6-chloro-hexyltrimethoxysilane, 6,6,6-trifluorohexyltrimethoxysilane, cyclohexyltrimethoxysilane, benzyltrimethoxysilane, 4-chlorobenzyltriethoxysilane, 4-bromobenzyltri-n-propoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, octyltrimethoxysilane, octyltriethoxysilane, octyltriisopropoxysilane, 2-ethylhexyltrimethoxysilane, 4-chlorobenzyltrimethoxysilane, decyltrimethoxysilane, dodecyltrimethoxysilane, dodecyltribromosilane, tetradecyltriethoxysilane, hexadecyltriethoxysilane, octadecyltriethoxysilane, eicosyltrimethoxysilane, bis(octyldiethoxysiloxane)dimer, decyltriethoxysilane, dodecyltriethoxysilane, bis(dodecyldiethoxysiloxane) dimer, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, 1,3-diethoxyhexamethyltrisiloxane and the like, mixtures of any of them and the like, alone, and in admixture with dimers, trimers and other oligomers thereof.
The Emulsifiers (b). A wide variety of ionic and nonionic emulsifiers have been tried and have been found to be useful in the present invention. Nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric emulsifiers are well known from the state of the art. The preferred emulsifiers are, however, nonionic. The concentration of emulsifier or emulsifiers (b) used in accordance with the present invention may range widely, but preferably is from about 0.5 to about 50 percent by weight of the silane (a) and especially preferably in the range from about 1 to about 8 percent by weight of the silane.
In general, those emulsifiers or emulsifier blends which have an HLB in the range from about 1.5 to about 20, and preferably in the range from about 4 to about 17 may be used herein. The proper HLB value for a given silane or silane mixture must be determined experimentally in order to ascertain the optimum stability.
The HLB classification of surfactants is based on molecular structure and therefore can be used to predict the behavior of single molecules. HLB is determined experimentally by techniques known to those skilled in this art, for example, those set forth in the pamphlet "The HLB System" published by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, DE, U.S.A. See also the publication "Adjuvants for Herbicides", Weed Society of America, Champaign, IL, U.S.A. If the HLB of an emulsifier is below 1.5, it will not be useful in this invention because it will not produce a stable oil-in-water emulsion. If, on the other hand, the HLB is above 20, it also will not be useful because stability is poor. HLB values in the range of 4-17 are preferred because they provide the most stable emulsions of the above mentioned silanes.
Specific examples of emulsifying agents which may be used in accordance herewith include, but are not limited to the following with the HLB value given in parenthesis following the name: sorbitan trioleate (1.8), sorbitan tristearate (2.1), polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexastearate (2.6), glycerol monostearate (3.8), sorbitan monooleate (4.3), sorbitan monostearate (4.7), polyoxyethylene(2 mole) stearyl ether (4.9), sorbitan monopalmitate (6.7), polyoxypropylene mannitol dioleate (8), polyoxyethylene sorbitol oleate (9.2), polyoxyethylene stearate (9.6), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (10.0), polyoxyethylene monooleate (11.4), polyoxyethylene(6 mole) tridecyl ether (11.4), polyoxyethylene(10 mole) cetyl ether (12.9), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (15), polyoxyethylene(20 mole) stearyl ether (15.3), polyoxyethylene(15 mole) tridecyl ether (15.4), polyoxyethylene alkylamine (cationic, 15.5); polyoxyethylene alcohols having an HLB of 9.7, about 10, and 11.6; ethoxylated nonylphenols having HLB values of 10, 11 and 12; dialkylphenol ethoxylates having an HLB value of 10.6; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having HLB values in the range of 5.5 to 15; ethoxylated octyl phenols having an HLB of about 13.5, 17.3, and 17.9; fatty acid glycerides having an HLB value of approximately 4, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium oleate, mixtures of any of the foregoing, and the like.
The preferred emulsifying agents, given in the table below, provide especially useful emulsions of silanes.
TABLE I______________________________________TYPE OF SURFACTANT EXAMPLES (SUPPLIER; HLB)______________________________________Polyoxyethylene alcohols Brij 30 (ICI Americas; 9.7) Tertigol 15-S-3 (Union Carbide; approx. 10) Triton DF 16 (Rohm & Haas; 11.6)Ethoxylated nonyl phenols NP-6 (Union Carbide; 11) NP-7-(Union Carbide; 12) CO-520 (GAF; 10)Dialkyl phenol ethoxylate DM-530 (GAF; 10.6)Block copolymers of Pluronics (BASF)ethylene oxide and L42 (8), L62 (7), L64 (15)propylene oxide L72 (6.5), L92 (5.5), 25R2 (6.3) Tetronic 702 (BASF; 7)Fatty acid glycerides Arlacel 165 (ICI Americas; 4)Sorbitan fatty acid esters Spans (ICI Americas) 20 (8.6), 40 (6.7), 60 (4.7) 80 (4.3)Polyoxyethylene sorbitan Tween 61 (ICI Americas; 9.6)fatty acid esters Tween 81 (ICI Americas; 10.0) Atlas G-1096Blends of sorbitan esters Atlas G-2090 (ICI Americas)with polyoxethylene aminesAmphoteric Atlas G-271 (ICI Americas)Polyvinyl alcohol (Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.)Blend of octylphenol Triton X-100 andpolyoxyethylene ethanol Triton X-305 (Rohm & Haas, about 15)______________________________________
Blending may be necessary, and desirable, if one of the emulsifiers, e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate, has an HLB ouside the range of 1.5-20. Sodium lauryl sulfate, HLB about 40, will be blended with a low HLB material, as illustrated above, for use.
Buffering agents. Agents for buffering the compositions within the pH range optimum for silane stability can vary widely in type and amount. The selection of a suitable buffering agent is readily made by techniques well known to those of ordinary skill in this art. Especially convenient is to prepare a silane composition comprising the silane (a), the emulsifier (b), and water (c) in accordance with the teachings of DePasquale and Wilson, U.S. Pat. No. 4,648,904, and to measure the pH and silane concentration initially and then to add the buffering agent candidate. The candidate to be acceptable should maintain the pH level within the said determinable pH range, even when adding substantial quantities of acid or bases, which would ordinarily cause the pH to swing into areas in which substantial silane hydrolysis will occur. Swings of plus or minus one pH unit are tolerable. Also relevant would be a pH swing induced by additions of a biocide that materially alters pH and promotes hydrolysis. Two methods are convenient for measuring long term stability: one is to determine final pH and final silane content, after aging, and the other is to performance test the silane emulsions on mortar cubes using standard test methods, such as those described in the above-mentioned DePasquale and Wilson patent. In the former, using an unsuitable buffering compound will not prevent the pH from swinging into a range promoting hydrolysis, e.g., from 7.5 to 4.0 and the final silane concentration will be materially reduced, e.g., cut from 40 percent to 20 percent and, in extreme cases, all the way down to zero percent. Such a test should be carried out over a significant time period, e.g., after aging the emulsion under test for up to 12 months at room temperature. In the performance test, a 2 inch mortar cube is coated in duplicate with the test emulsion and the coating cured, then immersed in water for 21 days. The percent reduction in weight gain of compound treated cubes compared to untreated control cubes is indicative of the retention of silane content and the efficacy of the buffering agent.
In initial experiments, emulsions were unbuffered and prepared in accordance with prior art procedures. They contained biocide which decomposed to acetic acid and lowered the pH to 4. Within a month of manufacture, such emulsions showed decreased performance in the water repellency test set forth above. They also showed reduced silane concentration, as determined by gas chromatography. After 5 months the state of the art emulsion performed very poorly in water repellency tests on concrete.
Numerous experiments which followed demonstrated that various buffers were effective in raising the pH of the state of the art emulsion to about 7.5, and maintaining the effectiveness of the formulation over a period of time.
When emulsions of predominantly n-octyltriethoxysilane, PCR, Inc.'s PROSILŽ 9202 organofunctional silane, buffered in this manner, were analyzed by gas chromatography after one year, over 95 percent of the silane remained unhydrolyzed. Moreover, unbuffered emulsions at pH 4 showed less than 5 percent unhydrolyzed silane after a similar period, indicating the long term stabilizing effect of the buffering compound.
Although buffers are especially important when the emulsion components, particularly biocides, shift the pH away from neutrality, experiments have shown that in other emulsions which are inherently neutral, pH 7, without use of a buffer, the silane remains substantially unhydrolyzed for many months. In such cases the emulsions do not contain a biocide, or they contain an alternative biocide, that does not alter the inherently neutral pH.
Illustrative of buffering agents useful for silane emulsions, especially those containing biocides are: organic and inorganic acids and bases, including salts thereof, and preferably mono- or poly-alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or amine salts of carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrosulfuric acid, a C1 -C6 organo-, mono- or poly-carboxylic acid, or a C2 -C30 alkyleneiminopolycarboxylic acid, ammonia, a C1 -C30 organic base, or a mixture of any of the foregoing. Illustrative are: sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, sodium borate, mono-, di-, or trisodium phosphate, mono-, di-, or tripotassium phosphate, ammonium sodium phosphate, mono-, or disodium sulfate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, ammonium acetate, calcium acetate, sodium formate, mono-, or disodium sulfide, ammonia, mono-, di, or triethylamine, mono-, di-, or triethanolamine, (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetic acid sodium salt (sodium E.D.T.A.), pyridine, aniline, and sodium silicate. These are only a few examples of appropriate buffering agents. Combinations of these materials with other buffers, acids, or bases, such as the use of ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid together, will also be effective.
Trisodium phosphate (Na3 PO4) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4 OH) are preferred, but sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is especially preferred because it is easy to handle; it consistently gives emulsions with a pH of 7.5; it is environmentally safe; and it is inexpensive.
The amount of buffering agent to be employed can vary widely. In general, however, less than 0.01 percent will not be enough to be useful, and more than 5 percent by weight of the total composition will be uneconomical.
If a biocidal agent (e) is used, any of those well known in the art for imparting antimicrobial and biocidal activity can be used in conventional amounts, e.g., from about 0.1 to about 5 percent by weight based on the composition. Suitable biocidal agents for these embodiments comprise 6-acetoxy-2,4-dimethyl-m-dioxane, sold by Givaudan Corp. under the trademark Giv-Gard DXN biocide, methyl p-methoxy benzoate, and the like. Typical concentrations of these biocides are 0.15 percent by weight.
In addition to biocides, the buffer stabilized formulations of this invention may include other additives such as fragrances, colorants, thickeners, foaming agents, anti-foaming agents, and the like.
The following examples illustrate the present invention but the claims are not to be construed as limited thereto.
To a mixture of 200 g of octyltriethoxysilane and 8 g of an emulsifier mixture comprising 70 percent of octylphenol polyethyleneoxyethanol (Rohm & Haas TritonŽ X-100) and 30 percent of octylphenol polyethyleneoxyethanol (Rohm & Haas TritonŽ X-305) HLB of about 15, in a Waring BlendorŽ mixer is slowly added 292 g of deionized water which contains 6-acetoxy-2, 4-dimethyl-m-dioxane biocide (Givaudan Corp. GIV-GARDŽ DXN biocide) in an amount to provide 0.15 percent ultimate concentration; and 0.10 percent sodium bicarbonate as a buffering agent. Mixer speed is gradually increased to provide good dispersion without incorporating a large amount of air. After complete addition, the mixture is stirred at high speed for an additional five minutes to provide a buffered emulsion in accordance with this invention, having a pH of 7.5, and which maintains its homogeneous, milky appearance for up to a year or more at room temperature (Example 1). For comparison purposes, an emulsion is prepared in exactly the same way but the sodium bicarbonate buffer is omitted. The pH of this emulsion is 4.0 (Comparative Example 1A). For purposes of further comparison, an emulsion is prepared in the same way, but the biocide is replaced with 0.15 percent of methyl p-methoxy benzoate and the sodium bicarbonate buffer is omitted. The pH of this emulsion is 7.0. (Comparative Example 1B).
The emulsions of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1A and 1B are analyzed initially for the concentration of silane, H17 C8 Si(OC2 H5)3, and dimer, H17, C8 Si(OC2 H5)2 -O-Si(OC3 H5)2 C8 H17 by gas chromatography using a 1/8 in. ×10 ft. 20 percent SP-2100 column, temperature programmed from 100° to 280° C. at 16° C./min., using octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane as an internal standard. After 12 months of aging at about 23° C., the emulsions are again examined for pH and silane concentration. The results obtained are set forth in Table 1:
TABLE 1______________________________________Silane Concentration and pH of EmulsionsBefore and After aging at 23° C. for 1 year.EXAMPLE 1 1A 1B______________________________________Initial pH 7.5 4.0 7.0Initial silane 40 40 40Concentration, %Final pH 7.5 4.0 5.5Final Silane 40 0 20Concentration, %______________________________________
The foregoing data show that a buffering agent in accordance with this invention maintains substantially all of the silane in an unhydrolyzed condition, whereas without the buffering agent the silane content is cut in half or even completely eliminated during long term storage.
For performance testing, aged emulsions prepared as described in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1A above are tested using concrete cubes in accordance with DePasquale and Wilson, U.S. Pat. No. 4,648,904. Cement mortar cubes two inches on the side are conditioned in a control room at 73° F. and 50 percent relative humidity for 21 days to give a constant weight. Each composition to be tested for water repellency is applied to two cubes at the rate of 125 square feet per gallon (3.07 square meters per liter), and the coated cubes are cured on a rack in a control room for 13 days prior to recording the initial weight of each cube. All of the cubes including two untreated control cubes are placed on a rack and immersed in a distilled water bath. After 21 days of immersion the cubes are removed, blotted dry and immediately weighed. The percent weight gain of each block is determined by ##EQU2##
The percent Reduction of Weight Gain is calculated by the formula ##EQU3## Higher Reduction of Weight Gain indicates higher effectiveness as a porous material water repellent. Due to the variability of the mortar blocks, values for % Reduction of Weight Gain have a precision of about plus or minus 5 percent.
The results of concrete water absorption of the aged emulsions are set forth in Table 2:
TABLE 2______________________________________Concrete Water Absorption using bufferedSilane Eulsions REDUCTION OF WEIGHT GAIN %Age of Emulsion EXAMPLEmonths 1 1A______________________________________ 0.25 74 --0.5 -- 681.0 74 --2.0 -- 523.0 74 --5.0 -- 467.0 71 --9.0 71 --12.0 68 5______________________________________
The beneficial effect of using a buffering agent as suggested by silane content data in Table 1 is confirmed by actual water absorption tests set forth in Table 2.
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated, substituting for the emulsifier used, 3 percent by weight of sorbitan fatty acid esters known as SpanŽ 20 and SpanŽ 60 and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters known as TweenŽ 81. Spans and Tweens are trademarks of ICI Americas Corp. Stable buffered emulsions in accordance with this invention are obtained.
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated, substituting for the sodium bicarbonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and a mixture of ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid as buffering agents. Storage stable aqueous emulsions in accordance with this invention are obtained.
The procedure of Example 1 is followed to produce a variety of buffered aqueous silane emulsions. Table 3 below summarizes the theoretical VOC for these buffered aqueous silane emulsions.
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________THEORETICAL VOC'S FROM SILANES/SILOXANES Theoretical Density TheoreticalbExampleSilane/Siloxane Formula MW Solids MWa Percent Solidsa (g/ml) VOC(g/l)__________________________________________________________________________ 5 Isobutyltrimethoxysilane C7 H18 O3 Si 178.30 109.20 61.2 0.933 360 6 Octyltriethoxysilane C14 H32 O3 Si 276.49 165.31 59.8 0.88 350 7 Bis(octyldiethoxysiloxane) C24 H54 O5 Si2 478.86 330.61 69.0 0.91 280dimer 8 Octyltrimethoxysilane C11 H26 O3 Si 234.41 165.31 70.5 -- -- 9 Decyltriethoxysilane C16 H36 O3 Si 304.55 193.37 63.5 -- --10 Decyltrimethoxysilane C13 H30 O3 Si 262.47 193.37 73.7 0.907 24011 Dodecyltriethoxysilane C18 H40 O3 Si 332.60 221.42 66.6 0.88 29012 Bis(dodecyldiethoxy- C32 H70 O5 Si2 591.08 442.84 74.9 0.893 220siloxane)dimer13 Tetradecyltriethoxysilane C20 H44 O3 Si 360.66 249.41 69.2 -- --14 Hexadecyltriethoxysilane C22 H48 O3 Si 388.71 277.53 71.4 0.859 25015 Octadecyltriethoxysilane C24 H52 O3 Si 416.76 305.58 73.3 0.87 23016 Octadecyltrimethoxysilane C21 H46 O3 Si 374.68 305.58 81.6 -- --17 1,3-Diethoxyhexamethyl- C10 H28 O4 Si3 296.59 222.47 75.0 0.890 220trisiloxane__________________________________________________________________________ MW = molecular weight a Theoretical percent solids are based on total hydrolysis and condensation of the silane/siloxane RSi(OR)3 → RSiO3/2 b Theoretical VOC is calculated according to the formula VOC (g/l) = d(100010S) wherein VOC is volatile organic compounds, d is the density of the silane/siloxane in g/ml, and S is the theoretical percent solids.
Thus, Table 3 above demonstrates that the compositions of the present invention possess volatile organic compound contents of less than 400 g/l when cured and some exhibit content levels of less than 250 g/l, making them eminently suitable for use as water proofing sealants even under the strictest environmental air quality regulations.
The above-mentioned patents, patent applications, publications and test methods are incorporated herein by reference.
Many variations of the invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in this art in light of the above, detailed description. For example, the silane can comprise isobutyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyltriethoxysilane, 4R-triethoxysilylmenthene-1, mixtures thereof, and the like. Instead of 40 percent by weight, the composition can comprise 20 percent by weight of silane. The biocide can be omitted. The masonry surface can be an expanded perlite or any cement composition. All such obvious variations are within the full intended scope of the appended claims.
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|US4648904 *||Feb 14, 1986||Mar 10, 1987||Scm Corporation||Aqueous systems containing silanes for rendering masonry surfaces water repellant|
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|U.S. Classification||427/387, 427/393.4, 427/393.6, 428/447, 427/393, 106/287.13, 106/2|
|International Classification||C09K3/18, B01F17/54, C04B24/42, C04B41/64, C09D5/02, B01J13/00, A01N25/04, C09D183/04, C07F7/18, B27K5/00, B27K3/36, C04B41/49, C09D4/00|
|Cooperative Classification||C04B2111/00112, C09K3/18, C09D4/00, Y10T428/31663, B27K3/36, C04B41/4922, C04B41/64, B27K2240/70, B27K3/15|
|European Classification||C09D4/00, C09K3/18, C04B41/49B4, C04B41/64|
|Aug 10, 1989||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: PCR, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:WILSON, MICHAEL E.;REEL/FRAME:005112/0268
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Owner name: PCR GROUP, INC., FLORIDA
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Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:THORO SYSTEM PRODUCTS, INC.;PCR ACQUISITION CORP., INC.;REEL/FRAME:006867/0617
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text:
Added Feb 28, 2013
by Irina Schwab
The dress is based on Vintage Boucle Dress – however I used a very thin, vie colour fabric.
I have not altered the shape at all, however I am thinking about taking the dress in a little bit. It does look pretty large, despite going for a smaller size!
I prefer the length as it is, I know there is a temptation to shorten it, however it loses a bit of its elegance.
I chose a plain, beige button because I wanted to keep the lines simple.
The dress is worn with Rupert Sanderson nude shoes, as featured in Burda magazine (August 2011).
I will definitely make another dress following this pattern, however I will go for a smaller size and a much thicker fabric (in fact, as recommended)
suiting fabric, oversized button
Sip cocktails by the fire in faux fur, patterned silks, and more luxurious fabrics.
Fashion & Trends
See our picks for holiday parties, from brunch to a New Year's Eve bash!
Make something special and practical for your friends and family this holiday season!
Pattern of the Week
This slim-fit dress makes a perfect cocktail dress for this time of year!
Sweet dresses, an outfit for a doll, and cute embellishments are fun for the holidays!
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domain: artistic


text:
Trying to travel out of the country now that COVID-19 rates are decreasing? Prepare here by checking out the current international travel advisories.
The CDC has just confirmed that those who are vaccinated in America are now allowed to take off their masks. Check out the "mask off" memes here.
Does the COVID vaccine really cause infertility in men? Read on to see where this rumor started and if your swimmers are safe after getting vaxxed.
Will travel restrictions to and from India help stop the spread of COVID? See how the pandemic has surged and how global forces are working to fight it.
If you've gotten vaccinated, you're probably planning your next vacation already. Find out what USA travel restrictions look like here first.
Our new normal has now shifted to wearing masks when out and about, so Apple Face ID has given us some much needed help. Check out the new
Vaccine passports may be required for future travel. Can digital vaccine passports serve as a HIPAA violation, though? It's a healthy struggle.
Lockdown is nearly over and the UK is celebrating. So if you’re stuck in the UK, don’t worry, these memes should help.
Following the Georgia shooting, the sheriff spokesperson on the incident has been exposed for anti-Asian remarks. Find out why we're not surprised here.

domain: news


Celebrating Walt Whitman’s 200th Year! We are presenting one melody per week from the Melody Book for “Song of Myself” from LEAVES OF GRASS by Walt WhitmanMusic by Paula M. Kimper Chad Kranak, tenor Julie Lauren Stevens, soprano Nathaniel Sullivan, baritone Jordan Rutter, counter tenor Elaine Valby, mezzo-soprano Jessica Kosmin, contraleo Jordan Rutter, counter tenor Julie Lauren Stevens, soprano Nathaniel Sullivan, baritone Elaine Valby, mezzo-soprano Chad Kranak, tenor Paula Kimper Ensemble Elaine Valby, mezzo-soprano Jorell Williams, baritone Damian Norfleet, baritone Ruth Cunningham, soprano Jorell Williams, baritone Sarah Moulton Faux, soprano Nathaniel Sullivan, baritone Elaine Valby, mezzo-soprano Damian Norfleet, baritone Nathaniel Sullivan, baritone Ruth Cunningham, soprano Elaine Valby, mezzo-soprano Sarah Moulton faux, soprano Paula Kimper Ensemble
1 thought on “Melody Book”
Great idea this piecemeal spread of joy.
Rina W Elisha


text:
740.00119 Control (Italy)/7–3145
Prime Minister Tito and the
Yugoslav Minister of Foreign Affairs (
to President Truman
Excellency[:] We take the liberty of addressing ourselves to you in a matter which presses heavily upon our peoples, with the conviction that it will draw your attention.
On the 17th of July of this year, the government of Democratic Federative Yugoslavia through their Minister of Foreign Affairs sent a verbal note no. 1938 to the Embassies of Great Britain and the United States of America in Belgrade. The content of this note concerns the Civil Administration of that part of Julian Venice which is now under Allied Military Administration.
In the enclosed note we particularly stressed that the Agreement of the 9th of June, 1945, which was signed in Belgrade by the Ambassadors of the United States of America and Great Britain2 and by the Yugoslav Minister of Foreign Affairs, contains in its 3rd article the following clause:
“Use will be made of any Yugoslav civil administration which is already set up and which in the view of the Supreme Allied Commander is working satisfactorily”.
This clause of the said Agreement rests upon the fact that the territory which is now under Allied Military Administration, is liberated territory, inhabited mostly by a population which has given proof of its limitless devotion to the Allied cause, and which is not merely occupied territory. The elevated principles proclaimed by the great Allies during the course of the war not only command the respect of democratic institutions in the liberated regions but also the active help of the Allies in order to create and, where they already exist, to develop these institutions.
During the sanguinary four years struggle against Fascism in which, in addition to the Slovene inhabitants, Italians from Julian Venice participated in great numbers, democratic institutions arose and developed and attained their highest degree only when Fascism was [Page 1215] crushed and the people had full opportunity of building up their democratic administration.
With various measures undertaken by the Allied Military Authority, the democratic development of Julian Venice was brought to a stand-still. In abolishing some democratic institutions, reinstating the legal order based on laws which were in force up to the 8th of September, 1943, the decrees issued by the Allied Military Authorities resulted in the substitution of an administration based upon democratic principles, by a regime in which fascist laws, fascist institutions and fascist administrators prevail.
The Allied Military Authority in Julian Venice, inasmuch as it was not satisfied with the work of particular organs of the democratic institutions and democratic procedures of changing those organs and, with the approval of the people, of appointing to corresponding posts such persons as would most closely collaborate with the Allied Military Administration.
Therefore, we propose that democratic elections be carried out in this part of Julian Venice which is under Allied Administration, whereby the organs of a civil administration would be chosen in accordance with the democratic aspirations of the people.
It is with the greatest confidence that we await the Peace Conference, which is to bring the final decision on the question of Julian Venice. But, in the meantime, interpreting the wishes of the people concerned—Slovenes as well as Italians—we should desire that to this afflicted, heroic people be returned those liberties which they won through their own sacrifices, so that they may, pending the final decision of the Peace Conference, live under a national administration of their own choosing and creation, in close collaboration with the Allied Military Administration.
We beg your Excellency to take this matter into consideration and bring such a solution as will be satisfactory to the people of Julian Venice.3
Please accept [etc.]
Dr Ivan Šubašić
- Enclosed in despatch No. 86 from the Chargé in Yugoslavia (Shantz) to the Secretary of State. This message was also summarized in a telegram from Shantz to the Acting Secretary of State. See document No. 1209.↩
- Richard C. Patterson, Jr., and R. C. Skrine Stevenson, respectively.↩
- No reply was made to this communication until after the close of the Berlin Conference.↩
- i. e., the conference which negotiated the Duino agreement of June 20, 1945. See vol. i, document No. 561 and footnote 2 to document No. 560.↩
- For the text of proclamation No. 1, see The Allied Military Government Gazette (published in Trieste by Allied Military Government, 13 Corps, Venezia Giulia), No. 1, September 15, 1945, p. 3, and Department of State Bulletin, vol xvi, p. 1265.↩
- Not printed.↩

domain: history


Analytical and Technical Services
Bridon Analytical and Technical Services provide access to one of the most comprehensive laboratory test facilities for wire and fibre rope and their components, in the world. Continued investment in infrastructure, the latest equipment and on-going development of personnel ensures that our customers and partners receive technical support of the highest standard.
Our specialist metallurgical and chemical analysis of metals using atomic absorption emission and transmission electron spectroscopy can identify the precise concentration of trace elements, impurities and the microstructure of samples. We can help you use this information in conjunction with our extensive knowledge of rope applications to determine the optimum mechanical properties and select the best solution for a specific application.
Bridon Services offer:
• Specialist metallurgical & chemical analysis
• Rope Destruction Testing
• Mechanical testing
Bridon’s purpose built test rigs enable a wide range of standardised and some unique tests to be conducted that can accurately characterise the mechanical properties of wire and wire rope. Our wide portfolio of mechanical testing includes:
• Breaking load
• Tensile compression
• Tension & bend fatigue
Test results can help identify extension and diameter loss characteristics and provide insight into the number of broken wires expected or encountered during the lifetime of a rope.
Bridon Analytical and Technical Services can also conduct a detailed examination of wire rope to discover the cause of rope failure and early discard. Subsequent analysis of this data can then be used and to produce recommendations to help prevent future occurrences.
Please contact Bridon On-Site Services for further information and advice.
Phone: +44 (0) 1302 382305


text:
Stop the clocks, lob the history books onto the fire. Pinch yourself, and then again.
To be British and in love with sport in this age is to be blessed beyond the dreams of our long-suffering ancestors.
In the space of 12 months we have witnessed the nation's greatest Olympics, its first ever winner of the Tour de France and now, in Andy Murray's crowning as Wimbledon men's singles champion, the greatest hoodoo of all blown apart in glorious, giddy style.
London 2012 gave us Super Saturday, that dizzy procession of Olympic golds that might never be topped. This was Surreal Sunday, a day many thought they would never see and one that seemed scarcely real even as it was unfolding.
Men have lived and died waiting for a British man to win Wimbledon, so let us note for posterity how it finally came about: a forehand from Murray deep into Novak Djokovic's backhand corner, a weary reply into the Centre Court net.
After 77 years of waiting, no-one knew quite what to do. So long has this moment been dreamed of, so often has it seemed impossible, that the magnitude of it all threatened to overwhelm both Murray and his adoring public.
This title has been the lost ark of British sport, the holy grail thought gone for good. For it to be reclaimed in straight sets, just as it had last been won by the great Fred Perry, was the final bewildering twist in a tournament where so much made such little sense.
Neither, despite that seemingly straightforward 6-4 7-5 6-4 scoreline, could the ending be anything but tortuous. At 40-0 in the final game Murray lost first one championship point, then another, then another.
Djokovic, freed at last from the shackles that had bound in the previous three hours, then threw caution and the kitchen sink to the breeze and set up three break points with the sort of clean hitting that had taken him into the final only to abandon him on the day.
For the thousands around the court and millions watching from home, it was almost too much. Not now, not on the brink, not after hope had first elbowed away the anxiety and then bloomed into outright belief.
Murray, like the champion he now is, would not wilt.
"That last game pretty much took everything out of me," he admitted afterwards. "I was just thinking if this goes the other way I don't know what is going to happen."
That he found a way to come through was entirely fitting after a performance where he refused to buckle, neither under the weight of national expectation nor when Djokovic, after an uncharacteristically error-strewn start, started throwing the sort of punches that would have floored any other opponent.
Murray, just as he had in his four-set defeat by Roger Federer in the final of 2012, had seized the first set, his 17 winners a sparkling contrast to Djokovic's 17 unforced errors. When the Serb went 4-1 up in the second, history appeared ready to repeat rather than stand aside.
This time he would not submit. First he broke the six-time Grand Slam champion back and then, at 3-4 and facing repeated break points, hung on and on before accelerating away as Djokovic faltered again.
At times it was brutal, just as contests between these two always seem to be. Rallies routinely went past 20 shots. At one point the temperature in the fierce sunshine was reported to be 49C.
If that made it the hottest Wimbledon final since 1976, the support from the Centre Court stands blistered the grass still further. Murray, not always loved unequivocally by his public, was roared on unrelentingly. Henman Hill, a ripening field of waving arms and pinking noses, was in booze-soaked ferment.
Britons have always loved sport like few others. Now, thanks to Murray and his fellow elite performers, they have the global successes to match the national passion.
It is a golden period to be cherished and celebrated, an era of Ryder Cup miracles and Major-winning golfers, of world champion cyclists, rowers and triathletes, of a series-winning Lions squad for the first time in 16 years and a cricket team that has won back to back Ashes series and could do so again. If the various national football teams still seem intent on pooping the party, at least we're relatively accustomed to it.
Murray, in the middle of all that, famously won the US Open to lift the country's 74-year Grand Slam curse. In winning Wimbledon he has achieved something with a resonance beyond the confines of his chosen sport.
Those of superstitious bent were claiming it was written in the stars: 77 years of Wimbledon waiting, the last home-grown champion Virginia Wade in '77, the date of this final the seventh of the seventh.
But this was never preordained, nothing else but the culmination of a lifetime of relentless work and ceaseless ambition.
It took him eight attempts to win Wimbledon, four semi-finals to make the final, another to finally step onto the summit. As a teenager he moved far from his Scottish home to learn the ropes in northern Spain; as an adult he has sacrificed any semblance of a normal life in order to drive himself from top 10 to top four and now, onto top one?
There will be plenty of talk of what more he can go on to achieve, of how many Grand Slam titles he can add. So too will there be debate about where this puts him in the pantheon of British sporting greats.
For now, we should delight in what it means for his home town of Dunblane, for the usually dismal state of tennis on these shores and, most of all, for one supremely talented, often introverted kid from a sleepy part of Scotland who grew up dreaming of a day like this.
On a perfect day, he provided the perfect ending: standing under a cloudless summer sky, arms aloft, that famous golden trophy glinting in the warm July sun. In an age of special sporting memories, one to stay with us to the end.

domain: sports


text:
Remembering Anthony M. Ludovici (January 8, 1882–April 3, 1971)Greg Johnson
Anthony Mario Ludovici was born on January 8, 1882.
Ludovici was one of the first and most accomplished translators of Nietzsche into English and a leading exponent of Nietzsche’s thought. Ludovici was also an original philosopher in his own right. In nearly forty books, including eight novels, and hundreds of shorter works, Ludovici set forth his views on metaphysics, religion, ethics, politics, economics, the sexes, health, eugenics, art, modern culture, and current events with a clarity, wit, and fearless honesty that made him famous. Last year, Counter-Currents issued Ludovici’s previously unpublished autobiography, The Confessions of an Anti-Feminist. An excerpt from it, “On the Jewish Question,” has been published on this site, and F. Roger Devlin has reviewed it in “A Man Out of Season.”
A passionate, principled defender of aristocracy and conservatism and a fierce, uncompromising critic of egalitarianism in all its manifestations, Ludovici was consigned to obscurity after the Second World War. But in recent years, through the power of his thought and the promotional efforts of John V. Day, Ludovici’s writings have found a whole new audience. See Day’s essays:
- “Anthony Ludovici: Conservative from Another World,” originally published in Instauration.
- “What is Best Will Rule: Anthony Ludovici on Aristocracy and Democracy.”
I also wish to draw your attention to John Day’s extensive online archive of Ludovici’s writings.
John Day is also the editor of The Lost Philosopher: The Best of Anthony M. Ludovici.
The following excerpts from The Lost Philosopher are available on this website:
- “Ludovici on Feminism and Emasculation.”
- “In Defense of Vain Women.”
- “In Defense of Domineering Women.”
- “In Defense of Bad Taste” (Portuguese translation here)
- “In Defense of Deceptive Women.”
- “Christianity and Dysgenics.”
- “The Five Cardinal Female Virtues” (Portuguese translation here)
- “Like Should Marry Like.”
- “Ludovici on Misplaced Chivalry and Emasculation.”
Other works on this site by Ludovici include:
- “The Secret of Laughter.”
- “The Jews as a Race.”
- Excerpts from The Jews and the Jews in England
- “Change Society’s Values” (On the Jewish question)
- “Hitler and Nietzsche.”
- “Hitler and the Third Reich.”
- “Memories of Dr. Oscar Levy.”
- “Memories of Hitler and the Third Reich.”
- “Memories of Orage, Gurdjieff, and Ouspensky.”
- “Memories of G. K. Chesterton.”
- “My Education,” Part I
- “My Education,” Part II
- “My Education,” Part III
- “On Wuthering Heights.”
- Religion for Infidels, excerpts, Part I
- Religion for Infidels, excerpts, Part II: Nature Red in Tooth and Claw
- Religion for Infidels, excerpts, Part III: Intelligence, Power, and Problem-Solving in Nature
- Religion for Infidels, excerpts, Part IV: Life Finds a Way
- Religion for Infidels, excerpts, Part V: Summoning Nature’s Powers
- Review of Brooks Adams’ The Law of Civilization and Decay
- “Whistler, Kant, and Modern Art.”
Because of the renewed interest in Ludovici’s work, many of his writings have recently been reprinted and are widely available.
Counter-Currents Radio Podcast No. 527 Machiavellianism & More
The Machiavellian Method
Enoch Powell, poslední tory
Counter-Currents Radio Podcast No. 526 Cyan Quinn Reports from CPAC & More
Remembering Gabriele D’Annunzio (March 12, 1863–March 1, 1938)
Remembering Richard M. Weaver (March 3, 1910–April 1, 1963)
La Russie et l’Ukraine, à nouveau
I am the translator of “Nietzsche His Life and Works” into spanish. It has been published as “Nietzsche Su Vida y Obras” in 3 countries: Spain with Editorial Fides, Argentina with Editorial Nomos, and Colombia with Editorial Casa de Asterion.
The reception, so far, is slow but good.
I love him
Dear Gregory Johnson,
I want to say thank you for remembering Anthony M. Ludovici’s birthday. He is one of the most important essayists that white nationalists should read. Until I visited you webzine I hadn’t heard of him.
Here are some people you should add to the birthday list: Henry Louis Mencken, Margaret Higgins Sanger, John Muir, Harry Elmer Barnes, Carleton Stevens Coon, Theodore Lothrop Stoddard and Edward Hallett Carr.
Keep up the hard work. I visit you webzine everyday.
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simply login first to see your comment auto-approved.
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domain: library


text:
Electrochemical oxidation behavior of methotrexate at DNA/SWCNT/Nafion composite film-modified glassy carbon electrode
- 317 Downloads
Glassy carbon electrode modified with DNA-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (DNA/SWCNT) and Nafion composite film was developed for the detection of methotrexate. The characteristics of the modified electrode were examined by transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Compared with a bare glassy carbon electrode and Nafion- and SWCNT/Nafion-modified electrodes, the DNA/SWCNT/Nafion-modified one exhibited the more superior ability of detecting methotrexate, including the higher sensitivity and the lower overpotentials, due to the synergetic DNA-functionalized SWCNT and Nafion. Also, the dependence of the current on pH, nature of buffer, instrumental parameters, accumulation time, and potential was investigated to optimize the experimental conditions in the determination of methotrexate. Under the selected conditions, the modified electrode in pH = 2.78 Britton–Robinson buffer solutions showed a linear voltammetric response to methotrexate within the concentration range of 2.0 × 10−8–1.5 × 10−6 mol L−1, with the detection limit of 8.0 × 10−9 mol L−1. The method was also applied to detect methotrexate in medicinal tablets and spiked human blood serum samples.
KeywordsMethotrexate DNA/SWCNT/Nafion Electrochemical oxidation Square wave voltammetry
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province in China (No. 2008A150008, 2010B150007).
- 2.Levitt M, Mosher MB, DeConti RC, Farber LR, Skeel RT, Marsh JC, Mitchell MS, Papac RJ, Thomas ED, Bertino JR (1973) Improved therapeutic index of methotrexate with “leucovorin rescue”. Cancer Res 33:1729–1734Google Scholar
- 5.Chakraba SG, Bernstei IA (1969) A simplified fluorometric method for determination of plasma methotrexate. Clin Chem 15:1157–1161Google Scholar
- 7.He Y, Xue Y, Feng M, Lü J (1998) Flow injection-chemiluminescence determination of methotrexatum. Chin J Anal Chem 26:1138Google Scholar
- 10.Duran Meras I, Espinosa Mansilla A, Rodriguez Gomez MJ (2005) Determination of methotrexate, several pteridines, and creatinine in human urine, previous oxidation with potassium permanganate, using HPLC with photometric and fluorimetric serial detection. Anal Biochem 346:201–209CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.Ye BX, Qu S, Wang F, Li L (2005) The study of electrochemical characteristics of methotrexate. J Chin Chem Soc 52:1111–1116Google Scholar
- 34.Miller JN, Miller JC (2000) Statistics and chemometrics for analytical chemistry, 4th edn. Pearson, LondonGoogle Scholar

domain: chemistry


3M High Intensity Prismatic Reflective Tape
( HIP )
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Even the adhesive is premium quality
3M's strongest adhesive is more than you'll need. Yet this is strong enough to be applied with rivets to the steel bulkhead of a Navy pier. Whether you prefer red, white, blue or yellow, 3M designed this for "Maximum Vision". Using multiple bands of precision optics, the prismatic reflective tape bounces focused light beams in multiple directions. Decades of optical engineering went into this technology with one major outcome for you . . .
* Intended for flat surfaces or one gentle curve.
Description: 3M Prismatic High Intensity Reflective Tape: Reflective Tape Category Page
High Intensity Prismatic (HIP) Reflective Tape and Sheeting meets ASTM requirement standards for D4956-09 Type III and Type IV, and ASTM 4956-07 Type X. Usage is mainly for highway traffic and road signs, it is of a non-metallized micro prismatic lens reflective construction.
This material has found popular uses also in construction barricades as well as traffic delineators such as barrels and cones.
Highly reflective, and very durable this material is extremely reflective at night also noticable during the day.
High Intensity Prismatic Reflective Tape and Sheeting is excellent for permanent traffic signs and construction markings.
The manufacturing process for Prismatic reflective tape and sheeting is more environmentally sustainable while permitting greater degrees of reflectivity. In addition, these benefits come while the life expectancy goes up an additional 30%.


text:
Ooooh Ooooh Oooh. …. Don’t let go while I’m hanging on ‘Cause I’ve been hanging on so long.
Intellectual intelligence has, in the recent decades, been distinguished from emotional intelligence. What predicts future success? Emotional intelligence. Like an over- protective parent who rationalizes or justifies her child’s every mis-step, or intervenes too often and too soon, the intellect will thwart the emotional growth of the heart and lead us, unwittingly, to jeopardy…again and again…until the shell of the intellect is cracked by the storms of life, allowing some light in to reveal where there is festering deprivation, illusion, or pain lying in darkness. Before the crack’s light is covered in bandages, allowing us to move on as we were, we would be blessed to encounter the healing conditions that include emotionally intelligent mirrors that will not reflect back what was known but, rather, what can be known. Emotional intelligence is beyond nice or kind. It is beyond platitudes, formulas, positive thinking, and good marketing. Emotional intelligence is a quiet patient space between ourselves and the co-existing shadow and light being revealed…where we may hear our own voice for the first time. It is awakened…with steady practice. It is the part of our self that refuses the bandages and seeks mirrors that do not merely reflect back what is easy, instant and feels good or what culture dictates, persuades, tempts. It is the part of self that seeks to be alive and do more than “hang on”.

domain: philosophy


From high school students calculating the sea level rise resulting from climate change to kindergarteners tackling plastic pollution, EarthGen’s professional development workshops are bringing environmental learning and action to Washington classrooms. “Living with Rising Seas” prepared teachers to explore factors that impact ocean habitats and coastal risk in Washington.
Through a series of virtual sessions, teachers explored the environmental factors contributing to the risks experienced by coastal communities in Washington. Guest speakers included Dr. Kat Huybers, a climate scientist at the University of Washington, and Mike Chang, an expert in climate vulnerability assessments and climate adaptation and action planning with Cascadia Consulting. They presented data that explains how climate change – as well as uplift and subsidence; land management; and erosion and flooding – create coastal hazards. Teachers also learned about adaptation and mitigation strategies that can improve coastal communities’ resilience.
According to B.G. Lohman, a preschool and kindergarten teacher at Mary M. Knight Elementary School on the Olympic peninsula, “The interactive map and learning about the incremental warming from the UW professor were very cool for me to learn. I used the training with my class, but I also shared the map and websites with my friends.”
EarthGen hosted the workshops in partnership with Olympic ESD 114 and teachers from communities throughout coastal Washington attended. They benefited from resources appropriate for a wide range of grade levels that they can apply to meet their own classrooms’ specific needs. For example, Kym Alexander, a teacher at Battle Ground High School outside of Vancouver, used a digital teaching module from NOAA to help her students calculate changing sea levels and develop hypotheses to explain the data. At the same time, Lohman’s young students met kindergarten science standards in their discussions about marine debris.
See EarthGen’s website for information to connect with more professional development opportunities focused on local climate impacts and solutions.


The coiled tubing unit is a portable, hydraulically-powered service system designed to run and retrieve a continuous string of tubing concentric to larger ID production pipe or casing strings. The basic coiled tubing unit components are as follows:
- Tubing injector head
- Coiled tubing reel
- Wellhead blowout preventer stack
- Hydraulic power~drive unit
- Control cousole.
A simplified c9,iled tubing unit is shown in Fig. C1.
Tubing injector heads
They are designed to perform three basic functions:
- Provide the thrust to snub tubing into the well against pressure or to overcome wellbore friction.
- Control the rate of tubing entry into the well under various well conditions.
- Support the full suspended tubIng weigli; altd accelerate it to operating speed when extracting it from the well.
Figure C2 illustrates a simplified coiled tubing injector head rig-up and wellhead blowout preventer stack.
Coiled tubing reel
It is a manufactured steel spool. Spooled pipe capacities are contingent on the core diameter (Fig. CI).
Reel rotation is controlled by a hydraulic motor that is mounted for direct drive on the reel shaft or operated by a chain~and-sprocket drive assembly. This motor is used to maintain a constant pull on the tubing aud keep the pipe wrapped tightly on the reel.
The tubing is guided onto the spool through a mechanism called the "level-wind assembly" to properly align the pipe as it is wrapped on or spooled off the reel.
Wellhead blowout preventer stack
The BOP stack is comppsed offour hydraulically-operated rams, generally rated for a minimum working pressure of70 MPa (10 000 psi).
The four BOP compartments are equipped (from top down) with:
- (a) Blind rams
- (b) Tubing shear rams
- (c) Slip rams
- (d) Pipe rams
Hydraulic po~er.drive units
They are sized to operate all ofthe coiled tubing unit components. The prime mover assembly size will vary with hydraulic-drive unit needs.
The console includes all of the controls and gauges required to operate and monitor the coiled tubing unit components:
- (a) Red and injector heads are activated through valves that determirre-tubing motion direction at operating speed.
- (b) Control system regulate the drive chain, stripper rubber, and blowout preventers.


text:
Ah, the joy of a chilled white wine on a warm summer day. The temptation to speed up the process by putting the bottle in the freezer is real, but do we know how long to leave it in there? As a wine enthusiast, I’ve experimented with different timings to find that perfect chill. Let’s delve into the details of how long to put white wine in the freezer and my personal recommendations for the best results.
Understanding the Basics
When it comes to chilling white wine in the freezer, it’s crucial to understand the science behind it. The freezing point of wine is lower than water due to its alcohol content. Placing a bottle in the freezer can help lower the temperature quickly, but leaving it in for too long can have undesirable effects on the wine’s taste and aroma.
Timing is Key
After several trials, I’ve found that the ideal time to chill a white wine in the freezer is approximately 20-25 minutes. This duration allows the wine to reach the perfect serving temperature without freezing. It’s important to keep an eye on the bottle and set a timer to avoid over-chilling.
Variations Based on Wine Type
Different types of white wine may require slight adjustments in chilling time. For example, lighter wines such as Pinot Grigio or Sauvignon Blanc may need a shorter time in the freezer, while fuller-bodied Chardonnays could benefit from an extra few minutes. It’s all about finding the sweet spot for each specific wine.
Personal Touches Matter
When it comes to enjoying wine, personal preferences play a significant role. Some individuals prefer their white wine a bit more chilled, while others enjoy it slightly warmer to appreciate the nuanced flavors. Experimenting with different timings and finding what suits your palate is all part of the fun.
Cautions and Tips
It’s essential to be cautious when using the freezer to chill wine. Forgetting about a bottle in the freezer for an extended period can lead to the wine freezing, causing the cork to push out or even the bottle to crack. To prevent accidents, set a timer and avoid leaving the wine in the freezer for too long.
Quick Chilling Alternatives
If time is of the essence and you need to chill a bottle rapidly, consider using an ice bucket filled with ice and water. This method provides a more controlled cooling environment, ensuring the wine reaches the desired temperature without the risk of freezing.
In conclusion, the perfect timing for chilling white wine in the freezer is around 20-25 minutes, with slight adjustments based on the wine type and personal preferences. It’s a delicate balance between achieving the ideal serving temperature and preventing the wine from freezing. With a bit of experimentation and caution, you can savor your favorite white wine at its finest. Cheers to finding the perfect chill!


text:
“Hell’s Whiskey” is the first taste of Kent-based hard rockers Gallow’s Circus’s upcoming second EP due in September 2020.
Showcasing a more focussed, hard-hitting sound, the band are exclusively premiering the video to the new single here on V13 and had this to say about the song: “Hell’s Whiskey is a song about engaging in self-destructive behaviour and continuing down that road, despite knowing where it leads.”
The “blues-stained” hard rock band have built up quite a formidable reputation across the country with their unmissable brand of hard and heavy rock. Their influences are range from the power of Led Zeppelin through the melodic genius of Thin Lizzy, onto the modern blues-rock of Rival Sons and the hard edge of Soundgarden.
This shot of “Hell’s Whiskey” has certainly whet our appetites for more from the band so keep your eyes peeled here for more news from Gallow’s Circus in the run-up to the release of their eagerly-anticipated second EP later this year.

domain: entertainment


text:
Chinese tourists taking selfies in Kensington, London with the blackened hulk of Grenfell Tower as a backdrop have been condemned as “ghouls”.
The tourists were seeing London from a coach operated by BM Coaches of Hayes when the driver, who has since been suspended, made an unscheduled stop near Grenfell, where 80 people died in June, so that some of his passengers could get out and take their pictures. It is not known whether the sick stop was at the request of the passengers, their Chinese tour guide or whether the driver made it to earn some extra cash in tips.
A disgusted witness who approached the driver to question what he was doing was told by him that the passengers were health and safety experts from China. The Chinese tour guide has since been sent home to China in disgrace and BM Coaches has made a donation to the official Grenfell fund.


text:
In this paper a mathematical model of the process of metrological verification in single technological cycles is considered. The model is based on variety of factors and current disturbances. The results are a solution of the problem of estimating the average time of any number of interlinked verification stages execution. Results are recorded in non-production losses due to destructive failures and disturbing effects.
process developments, metrological verification, destructive breakdowns, disturbing effects

domain: mathematics


text:
Steven Spielberg's new movie A.I. is the latest in a long line of fictions about artificial human beings, reaching back into the golem legends of medeval European Jewry and the "homunculus" which the 16th-century alchemist Paracelsus claimed he had made. In one of the earliest literary appearances of this idea, a certain Rabbi Löw of... Read More
John Derbyshire writes an incredible amount on all sorts of subjects for all kinds of outlets. (This no longer includes National Review, whose editors had some kind of tantrum and fired him. He is the author of We Are Doomed: Reclaiming Conservative Pessimism and several other books. His most recent book, published by VDARE.com com is FROM THE DISSIDENT RIGHT (also available in Kindle).His writings are archived at JohnDerbyshire.com.

domain: literature


text:
- Freiburghaus doubles up at Randpark
- Olympic champ Schurter moves into Cape Epic lead
- OJ Eagles, Western Warriors rule the Currie Cup roost
- Radebe hoping to realise Tokyo 2020 dream
- Continental track championships wrap up in style
- Young Guns rule the day at Cape Epic
- SA stars on track at continental championships
- ‘Technical session’ brings out the best in Van Rensburg
- Relay quartet speed to second fastest 4×100 time
- SA longboard trio go down in Papua New Guinea
Banyana in Netherlands for Olympic warm-up games
- Updated: June 1, 2016
Banyana Banyana’s next step to the Rio Olympics has been taken with the team having arrived in the Netherlands for two matches against the host nation.
The Sasol-sponsored national women’s football side arrived at Waalwijk after almost 11 hours in the air plus a further four hour road trip.
Coach Vera Pauw’s side will play the Netherlands on Saturday and next Tuesday (3pm and 7pm respectively).
Both clashes will be played at the Mandemakers Stadium in Waalwijk.
Technical Director of Women’s Football at SAFA, Fran Hilton-Smith, saw the team off and wished them well.
‘This is the beginning of our final preparations for the Olympics. As you know the Netherlands is the only country that has come out to play South Africa. They played us twice many years ago, and during that time coach Vera was with them so she knows what they are like and they know what we are like.
‘It is now a fitting tribute that we go back to the Netherlands in our preparations for the Olympics. It is an opportunity for many of you to see the world, and it gives you a chance to live and learn as you play football – and that is the aim of SAFA, to empower people with knowledge and experience,’ said Hilton-Smith.
She added that the trip was also to remind players that they are ambassadors.
‘You have two matches to play in The Netherlands, and after that you face the USA who are the world champions – so we couldn’t have had a better preparation for the Olympics as we go forward with the plans that are unfolding.
‘It’s also a big thanks to Sasol for all the support because without money you cannot do anything. I would like to wish you well and remind you to carry the flag of South Africa high. Remember you are the ambassadors of our country and everything you do or say, you are the reflection of the South African Football Association, and South Africa. I hope that you learn as much as you can, so that you are better prepared when we travel to the Olympics,’ she said.
The Orange Lionesses are ranked 13th in the world, while South Africa are lying 54th.
Next month the South Africans play world champions, the USA on 9 July at Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois in the USA.


Today, we’re taking a look at Stiverson & Associates Inc., a civil engineering surveying firm based out of Bad Axe, Michigan.
From the Beginning
Rob Stiverson first opened Stiverson & Associates Inc. in 2007. The company currently employs three Michiganders and works to provide critical services that help determine the design and construction of buildings, infrastructure, and facilities.
Firms like Stiverson & Associates help design infrastructure ranging from highways, bridges, and tunnels to our electric infrastructure (power plants, natural gas and water pipelines, and hydroelectric dams). Civil engineer surveyors take measurements, assess impacts, and monitor large-scale construction projects from the beginning through completion.
Civil engineers will play a critical role partnering with Michigan’s local energy providers as they build new power plants and expand their production of renewable energy through wind farms and large-scale solar installations. Among other things, civil engineering firms may design roads to provide access to various components of our electric system, figure out how to connect new electric infrastructure to the infrastructure Michigan already has, or test building materials for use in projects like the Nexus Pipeline, and provide data measurements local energy companies may use in developing new facilities.
Keeping it Local
Today, roughly one-third of Stiverson & Associates’ work has come directly from Michigan’s energy sector. Without the work from local energy providers, Stiverson says, his company may have gone belly-up in its first few years.
The nature of civil engineering surveying work means that some contracts don’t pay out until years after the completion of a project. These delays can take their toll, especially on a new business struggling to turn a profit. Thanks to the work provided by local energy providers, Stiverson was able to keep its doors open.
The Bottom Line
Stiverson & Associates wants to see Michigan focus on investing in energy made in Michigan by Michiganders—including building new generation and production facilities. While Stiverson & Associates is a small firm, its relationship with local energy companies is similar to hundreds of other small, Michigan-based firms. A stronger, more robust energy infrastructure means more jobs and more opportunities for businesses small and large in many different industries throughout the state.


|Category||:||Academic & Science » Architecture & Constructions|
What does WPC mean?
Wood-Plastic Composite (WPC) or Wood-Polymer Composite (WPC), is a composite material made of wood fiber and thermoplastics substances.
WPC is used to make garden and yard products, building & construction products, automotive components, industrial & consumer goods, and others.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the full form of WPC in Composite Materials?
The full form of WPC is Wood-Plastic Composite
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What are the full forms of WPC in Worldwide?
World Policy Conference | Whey Protein Concentrate | Wood-Plastic Composite | World Peace Council | Wireless Power Consortium | Worldwide Partner Conference | World Parkinson Congress | World Plumbing Council | World Powerlifting Congress | Woman Police Constable | World Puzzle Championship | Williams Pinball Controller


text:
MJ Wholesale recognizes the central role that edible products play in a dispensary’s economy—that’s why we work to provide you with an extensive selection of edible packaging options.
As the cannabis market continues to foster the growth of new and innovative edible products, edible packaging has had to evolve equally as fast. Different products require various types of packaging to ensure the product is convenient for travel and storage while being kept fresh at the same time.
This post is designed to inform readers of the impact edibles have had on the marijuana industry while highlighting top-notch packaging that dispensaries can utilize for their business practices from MJ Wholesale.
Let’s take a look at the history of edibles to understand better how these cannabis products have evolved over the years.
History of Edibles to Modern Edible Products/Rise in Prominence
Producing edible forms of cannabis has been a practice that dates back thousands of years to people who were eating hash regularly. Leafly’s article on the global history of edibles states that edible consumption may date back as far as 50,000 years.
The earliest consumption of edible hash was boosted through Persian and Indian populations during the Islamic Golden Age. Sweeteners, spices, and other ingredients were added to make edible hash a tasty ingredient to complement the hash’s effect. Similar practices are used today when edibles are created using foods such as Rice Krispies or brownies.
The Tradition of Edibles Continues
Early edible practices in locations such as India continue to affect modern times. The Bhang Lassi is a marijuana-infused yogurt drink that can be found in most parts of India today.
Hash edibles continued to be consumed throughout the medieval times, all the way up to the 1800s. At the time, famous writers enjoyed and promoted the use of hash until a negative public opinion started to form against the practice.
During the late 20th century, popular edible items such as pot brownies rose in prominence. San Francisco saw a boom in the consumption of pot brownies during the 1970s when figures such as Mary Rathbun became famous for its underground production.
While edible consumption was outlawed in places like America during the 20th century, Americans visited locations like Jamaica or Amsterdam to purchase edible items made by locals.
It wasn’t until recent cannabis legalization that American’s had convenient access to edible products. Nowadays, edible marijuana products are just as relevant as traditional flower.
Edible Packaging Sizes and Styles
The boom of edible marijuana products within the legal cannabis economy has led to dispensary owners taking action to equip themselves with high-quality edible packaging.
Ideal edible packaging should:
- Maintain the product’s freshness
- Feature and accessible and resealable design
- Be convenient for transport
- Follow state packaging laws
MJ Wholesale offers quality edible packaging supplies for dispensaries that meet all of the above expectations. Child-safe laws regarding edible packaging are something that all dispensary owners need to take into account. You’ll find a wide variety of child-safe edible packaging options through MJ Wholesale’s child-resistant Mylar bag inventory so your business can be state compliant.
Size selection in edible packaging is essential with a wide variety of products on the market today.
MJ Wholesale offers the following sizes for Mylar bags:
If you’re looking for edible packaging supplies that differ from our Mylar bags, check out our hinged containers offered in sizes such as:
Opaque edible packaging options are available for states that require marijuana products to be concealed during a sale.
MJ Wholesale Supports the Edible Renaissance
Edibles have been consumed for thousands of years and have made a significant comeback. Looser laws surrounding marijuana in places such as the United States have created the opportunity for dispensaries to feature a wide range of edible products.
MJ Wholesale is proud to help dispensaries equip themselves with the necessary packaging to meet the public’s demand for edible products. We offer low-wholesale prices in combination with the opportunity to buy in bulk so your business can maximize profits.

domain: food


I need to auto populate data into table maintainance.
The data is coming from an excel which has to be projected to user in TM.
Find help in realizing the same.
Thanks in advance,
Moderator Message: Please do not post your business requirements in the forums.
Edited by: Suhas Saha on Jun 29, 2011 5:06 PM


text:
GET MARRIED DURING EUROVISION!
COPENHAGEN, DENMARK – The City of Copenhagen will during Eurovision offer foreign homosexual and heterosexual couples to get married in three selected locations in Copenhagen between the 7th and the 10th of May.
Copenhagen will show that the city is friendly and open to everyone and Eurovision is the perfect opportunity to offer marriage ceremonies.
Since 2010 the city has offered open air marriage ceremonies in Copenhagen and on May 7th it is 25 years ago the first gay wedding in the world took place at the Copenhagen City Hall. On this day in 2014 a big ceremony will be held with orchestras at the Opera House. On May 9th the Højbro Plads will host the marriage ceremonies and on May 10th the City of Copenhagen will host ceremonies on their “wedding boat”.
Denmark was the first country in the world to give gay couples status of “registered partners” and in 2012 the government allowed gay couples to be married in churches and give them the same status as heterosexual couples.


text:
I’m new at using OGS and I’ve been trying to do some models with HT processes.
Right now i’m trying to reproduce the first series of models from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.02.008
Models’ description :
- 2D cross section : rectangular box (dimensions : 24 x 6 km)
- Domain separated in 2 units : upper unit is impervious sediments and lower unit is granit (more permeable).
- Thermal boundary conditions correspond to a fixed temperature (10 °C) at the surface and a fixed heat flow at the base of the model (90 mW/m2 at 6 km of depth). Lateral boundaries are thermally insulating.
- A fixed atmospheric pressure (1e+05 Pa) is imposed at the surface while a zero flux condition is imposed on all other boundaries.
- Initial thermal field (a steady-state conductive regime) evolves towards a steady-state convective regime in a few Myrs
- The initial pressure field increases linearly with depth.
I can’t upload files as i’m a new user but here is a filesender link where you can find my project file and the associated meshes :
So if you don’t mind I had some questions :
When running the simulation, i can’t obtain a result because it doesn’t converge.
I found that the problem comes with the function viscosity that i put in the prj file because when i try to put a constant viscosity of 1e-03 it works just fine. So I’m wondering what is the issue with this function ? It is the same as in the article and i checked multiple times the expression of the derivative i put in.
At the same time I have issues with the units, because from what i understand thermal dirichlet conditions are in kelvins ? But for example in the benchmark Constant Viscosity (sorry i can’t put a third link as i’m a new user) they put temperature in celsius ? So right now my conditions are in celsius, so do i need to change them into kelvin.
And again at the same time, the density and viscosity functions that i put in my prj file require a temperature in celsius. So maybe this is the issue ? That i need to transform this functions that require celsius into functions that require kelvins ? But i’m not really sure how to do that.
I was also wondering if dvalues is always necessary when working with functions ?
In most benchmark that i saw with HT processes, the thermal dispersivity is always set at 0, in what cases can i see it change ?
When working with HT processes, I’m not really sure what to use in the <nonlinear_solvers> , <linear_solvers> and <convergence_criterion> blocks ? For example can you comment on what i used in my prj file please ? Is it efficient ? Or how can i improve my results ? For example if i change something will it also improve the total running time ? I plan on working on 3D models later, will it be enough ?
I don’t know if it makes a lot of sense,
But thanks in advance,

domain: physics


text:
This post’s delay brought to you by homework… and Rise of the Tomb Raider. Between the two, I entirely forgot about posting here yesterday.
My homework, by the way, involves rereading Parable of the Sower (and The Girl Who Owned A City, and The Summer Prince). My short end-of-term paper this semester is on the way in which fear and the uncanny are used to replicate the home-away-home structure of a children’s story (discussed by many people, though I’m mostly sourcing from Reimer in Keywords for Children’s Literature and Nodelman and Reimer in The Pleasures of Children’s Literature), without requiring a spatial journey. Essentially, I hypothesize that by using fear and the uncanny to create emotional distance from a space, the departure and return inherent in a home-away-home story can be emotional instead of spatial. Plus, you get some interesting dynamics where the protagonist tries to make an un-homelike space homelike (again, or maybe for the first time) instead of returning to a safe space that has remained safe the entire time. Oh, and I know that Parable of the Sower isn’t exactly a kids’ book, but it’s sometimes cross-shelved in YA and has a teenaged protagonist. So.
On the storytelling side of things, I’ve come up with an excellent conceit for an adventuring setting that allows you to go on dungeon crawls without having to twist yourself into pretzels trying to justify why there are so many monster-filled ruins all over the place. I won’t go into more detail here at present, because I want to write it up and submit it to Worlds Without Master. Maybe if I can’t get it published there I’ll put it up here.


text:
Doha Hosts GCC Petroleum Cooperation Committee Thursday
(MENAFN- Qatar News Agency) Doha will host Thursday the 34th session of GCC petroleum cooperation committee at the ministerial level, which was preceded today by a preparatory meeting for undersecretaries of GCC oil ministries.
Speaking ahead of tomorrow's meeting, HE Minister of Energy and Industry Dr. Mohamed bin Saleh Al Sada said the meeting comes in consolidation of the mechanism of regular consultation among GCC states, expressing delight to meet GCC ministers of oil in their second home of Qatar.
HE the minister said the agenda of the meeting includes several important issues that will help in developing joint GCC action. The ministers are set to discuss enhancing GCC, regional and international cooperation in a set of issues, notably the outcome of the work of GCC energy affairs team at the World Trade Organization and free trade agreements. The meeting will also review the results and recommendations of the meeting of mineral wealth committee.
The ministers will also examine the latest developments in efforts to address climate change as well as the GCC petroleum strategy besides other issues of GCC mutual concern such as sustainability and diversification of energy sources.
Legal Disclaimer: MENAFN provides the information “as is” without warranty of any kind. We do not accept any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information contained in this article. If you have any complaints or copyright issues related to this article, kindly contact the provider above.

domain: topicality


text:
1 DAY - LASH AND/OR BROW IN-PERSON TRAINING
Time & Location
About the workshop
Lashes are taking over the industry. A lash lift/tint is a great way to attract new clients and produce immediate results in just an hour. A great alternative to lash extensions for the client who doesn't have the time, extra money, or has a sensitivity. Lash lifts enhance the client's natural lashes by perming them into a curled state which lasts up to 6-8 weeks before growing out and relaxing. Using silicone rods and a series of cream solutions, a lash lift will give your client long-lasting, natural-looking, yet enhanced lashes.
We are a duo system! Meaning Lash bomb and Brow Bomb can be used safely on brows and lashes!
Lash and Brow Bomb sachets contain enough product for 3-4 applications! Competing brands are .5 ml sachets while Lash and Brow Bomb has 1.5 ml sachets!
You will get 20-40 lash lifts or brow lamination treatments from a single kit, allowing you to offer your clients a premium service with no wasted product.
The kit contents included in this workshop are:
- 1 Lash Bomb Trial Kit which has enough product for up to 40 clients
- 10 Y- Tool Applicators
- 1 Mini tint kit
- 1 Additional tint color
- Micro swabs
- 25 pack glue rings
- 5 undereye gel patches
- 25 spoolies
- Brow Bomb Manual
- Lash Bomb Manual
- Certificate of Attendance
- Certificate of Completion
LASH LIFT/TINT CERTIFICATION
BROW LAMINATION/TINT CERTIFICATION
- LASH TRAINING DEPOSIT ONLY$500$5000$0
- BROW CERTIFICATION ONLY$500$5000$0
- DUO SYSTEM CERTIFICATION$850$8500$0
- Test Ticket$0$00$0

domain: beauty


text:
Scientists have confirmed that one of two new moons recently discovered orbiting Jupiter is the smallest ever found.
The tiny moon, helpfully but not stylishly named S/2010 J2, is just 2,000m in diameter.
First discovered in 2010 with another moon (S/2010 J1), itself under 3,000m in diameter, the satellites bring the total number orbiting Jupiter to 67.
By contrast our moon is more than 3,400km across.
Jupiter's largest moon is Ganymede, which has a diameter of 5262km - almost twice the size of our own moon.
Several of Jupiter's moons have atmospheres of their own, including Europa which has an iron core, a surface made of ice and an atmosphere made primarily of oxygen.
Since the discovery scientists from the University of British Columbia have spent months tracking and mapping the path of the moons, to check they were really what they appeared to be.
Estimating the size of such tiny objects at such a vast distance is tricky, so scientists have had to estimate based on their brightness.
The astronomers behind the find now say there could be dozens more similarly small moons orbiting Jupiter, which is the largest planet in our solar system.
"We had actually already reported measurements of the first moon from Feb. 27 and 28, 2003 to the Minor Planet Center eight years ago", said researcher Brett Gladman at the University of British Columbia.
"But observations over several months are required to prove that the object is orbiting Jupiter, and this moon was too faint for the 2003 surveys to consistently track."

domain: astronomy