DURBAN, South Africa (AP) ? The top European climate negotiator says the United States, China and India could scuttle a proposal to save the only treaty that has governed global warming emissions from the industrial world.
A 194-nation U.N. climate conference is due to end later Friday after two weeks of negotiating.
The proposed deal would see the EU extend its commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, but only if all other countries agree to negotiate a new treaty with legally binding obligations by all countries, not just the wealthy Kyoto group.
European Commissioner Connie Hedegaard says unless the three major holdouts change their positions, “I don’t think there will be a deal in Durban.”


CAMDEN, N.J. – The Murphy Administration is once again embroiled in a legal showdown with Donald Trump, and this time his campaign specifically.
The Trump campaign’s lawsuit – first reported by Reuters (click here) – challenges Murphy’s controversial “Executive Order 177” which automatically mails a ballot to all New Jersey registered voters and bars anyone except for the disabled from voting at an actual machine.
Team Trump’s suit was filed in New Jersey federal court late Tuesday.
The legal theory behind the complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief attacks the legal basis for the order: in ordering a remote general election, Trump’s lawyers reason, Murphy unconstitutionally usurped authority reserved to the state legislature. The campaign is arguing that Murphy violated both the Elections Clause, Electors Clause, and 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
Both sides of the litigation believe the other is stepping over the line.
“In a direct usurpation of the legislature’s authority, Gov. Murphy issued Executive Order 177 […] purporting to rewrite the election code for the November 2020 election,” the suit alleges, attacking Murphy’s order as a “brazen power grab.”
“Let me be clear: Vote by mail in this election will keep people safe, period,” a visibly irritated Murphyresponded at his Wednesday daily COVID-19 press conference. “The Trump campaign is embarking on a brazen attempt to sow fear and confusion to delegitimize our elections and cast doubt on our democratic process.”
Notwithstanding his insistance that remote elections are unsafe, the Murphy Administration continues to enforce its prohibitions against social distancing non-compliant situations unevenly.
New Jersey is not a presidential battleground state. However, Republicans are defending recently-converted Republican Jeff Van Drew’s NJ-02 house seat from a member of the Kennedy clan as well as attempting to win back at least one of four other seats – NJ-03, NJ-07, NJ-05 and NJ-11 – captured by Democrats over the past four years.


Evaluation of the DESI (Digital End-Speed Indicator) System.
Final rept. 8 Aug 71-1 Jun 73,
NAVAL AIR TEST FACILITY LAKEHURST NJ
Pagination or Media Count:
This report presents the results of the final evaluation testing of the DESI digital end-speed indicator system on the TC13 Mod 0 and TC13 Mod 1 catapults at the Naval Air Test Facility, Lakehurst, New Jersey, and includes an analysis of the test procedures, problem areas, and reliability of the DESI system. It has been determined that the DESI system is satisfactory for use on the CVAN68 and for retrofit to older-class vessels once the remote large readout indicator is approved. Author
- Terminal Flight Facilities
- Recording and Playback Devices


text:
This week, following a similar vein to last week, will also be about personal carbon footprints. So if you’re sick of personal carbon footprints at this point, well, I’ve got a week or two more left on this subject! 😊
As I’ve mentioned before, people with higher incomes have a much larger impact on the environment. Rich people eat more, fly more, buy more…the list goes on. We saw this last time with the different incomes and corresponding footprints across countries.
But when you hold in-country infrastructure and emissions factors constant, how does wealth really scale personal footprint? Understanding this can help us figure out:
What activities can people be more conscious of (for the sake of the environment) as they experience social and economic mobility?
What are the most egregious contributions to carbon by the wealthy?
This might also provide some firmer benchmarks for me in understanding where I personally land on the carbon footprint spectrum compared to my income peers (which, by the way, has dramatically shifted since I quit my investment banking job…).
I looked at three income inflection points: 1) going from poverty to middle class, 2) going from middle class to upper middle class, and 3) going from upper middle class to ultra-wealthy. I assumed:
For a household at the poverty line, a household of 2.5 people was assumed to make & spend $22k / year, consistent with the federal guidelines. Also assumed that their main form of transport was by bus, they took no air travel, they lived in a house under 1,000 sq ft, and that their largest monthly spend was food ($282)
For a middle class household, a household of 2.5 people was assumed to spend $60k / year, which is the US median. This family uses 2 cars, flies once or twice a year, lives in a 2,500 sq ft house, and spends significantly more on food ($644) but also has significant other expenses.
For an upper middle class household, a household of 2.5 people was assumed to spend $122k / year, which is the average of the highest quintile reported by BLS and consistent with other ranges. This wealthier family drives more miles (imagine more members of the family having access to cars and Ubering here and there), flies four times a year, lives in a home with over 3,000 sq ft, spends even more on food (eating out more, buying premium groceries, etc.), while also doing a fair bit of shopping and recreation-related spending.
For an ultra-wealthy household, the author did not have great sources for what that spending was like, outside of celebrity divorce filings and a really well-researched Quora answer. But a household of 2.5 people was assumed to spend $1mm / year (which corresponds to a 5% return on $30mm, the definition of ultra-high-net-worth, minus taxes), flies almost once a month in a private jet, owns three large homes, and spends the most on clothing/goods and other services (housekeepers, financial managers, secretaries, etc.).
Note: Very similar calcs as last time were used in this analysis but done just for the US and using BLS-anchored income brackets. The full methodology is detailed at the end of this post.
Here are the results:
Different income inflection points correspond to different carbon jumps. From poverty to middle class, the largest jump came from transport, but for middle class to upper middle class, the largest jump came from health and personal care (surprisingly) and for upper middle class to ultra-wealthy, the largest jump came from air travel (unsurprisingly). This does not correspond with the largest spending jumps – for poverty to middle class and middle to upper class, the largest spending jumps come from housing, while for upper middle class to ultra-wealthy, the largest spending jump comes from other services.
As the budget expands, the impact of carbon-intensive non-essential spending grows disproportional to spending in general. For people in middle class, being able to drive and eat nicer food drives carbon footprint increases vs. people in poverty. For people in upper middle class, being able to afford nice personal care or expensive wellness items becomes a large source of carbon, but air travel, which is still a semi-luxury, remains a smaller source. For the ultra-wealthy, air travel becomes incredibly accessible and dominates the carbon footprint.
As people experience socioeconomic mobility, they need to be conscious of different non-essential carbon “spending” throughout their life. There’s no one or two categories to always pay attention to (though certain categories are more common culprits than others – transport, air travel, and health).
We already talk about “lifestyle creep”…but we should also be talking about “carbon creep.”Lifestyle creep is what occurs when increased income leads to increased spending on what were previously considered luxuries. But, as this analysis shows, “carbon creep” is a separate phenomenon. Checking lifestyle creep doesn’t coincidently check carbon creep.
Maybe understanding the relative carbon intensity of certain activities can help us make better choices with more discretionary funds available to us. In fact, one of the best things we can probably do is increase volume of purchases towards lower carbon intensity items that currently have to charge a green premium, hopefully increasing economies of scale enough to lower the price for future consumers that can’t pay the green premium. Early Tesla consumers helped do this (offset recently by supply chain issues…).
Understanding the dollar vs. carbon trade-offs can help us make climate-forward purchasing decisions. Tracking the amount of money spent per ton of carbon can tell us how “expensive” or “cheap” our carbon is. The below shows the average dollar spent for a ton of carbon in each category:
So in other words, it only takes $461 to emit a ton of carbon on air travel, while it takes more than 8x that amount to emit a ton of carbon on clothing / goods purchases. We can use these numbers to make better climate-forward purchasing decisions, like:
Wanting to save a ton of carbon only takes a budget reduction of $476 on the personal care side, equivalent to $40 / month vs. a budget reduction of $3,450 for housing, equivalent to $288 / month
If I want to “spend” 1 ton of carbon, that 1 ton essentially buys me $2,989 ($3,450 - $461) in additional budget if I spend it on housing vs. air travel
If I have $5,000 to spend, I can use it on air travel, which will generate 10.8 tons of carbon, or housing, which will generate 1.5 tons of carbon. To offset this carbon, at a price of $11/ton (2030 price), I will need to spend another $119 for air travel or $16 for housing. Thus for $5,000, I have incurred a set of additional fees of $119, or 2.4% of the total, vs. $16, which is only 0.3% of the total
One side note about the last point: carbon offsets pricing does vary a lot compared to the actual $ spent per carbon emitted. The average offset right now is actually closer to $8/ton according to commodity markets, but as a consumer paying for offsets, your options vary from paying $15 - 22 / ton for services like Terrapass or Ecologi or up to $50 / ton paying for individual projects listed on marketplaces like that on Gold Standard’s website. Either way, the price paid for an offset is much less than the “price” paid to reduce carbon in one’s everyday budget, so there should be more incentive for those with the discretionary budget to do so (and the desire to be carbon neutral) to buy offsets.
Hope that was interesting and useful. I had fun with this one (especially combing through trashy articles to figure out how much celebrities spend).
The footprint profile for each socioeconomic class was calculated at the household level (because most of the spending data available was household spending not individual spending) and the divided by 2.5 people, the average number of people in a US household.
The household footprint was split into three different sections:
Transport – this was further divided into road travel and air travel. Thank you to FHA for contributing average car mileage, ICCT for LCA emissions factors, and EPA for average fuel economy. For air travel, I depended on Our World in Data for passenger-km, Climatiq for the emissions factor, and Carbon Footprint for the radiative forcing multiple.
Stuff – this covers food, health, clothing & goods, electronics, recreation, and other (which includes things like childcare, insurance, banking, and education). The emissions for these categories were based on ton CO2e per dollar spent and the factors were pulled from Carbon Footprint. I assumed the US was a heavy-meat eating country (as confirmed by this table) and used the appropriate emissions factor from Carbon Footprint. The breakdown of expenses for each socioeconomic class were mostly taken from household budget surveys provided by BLS, except for that of the ultra-wealthy, in which the author used her best judgement (and some imagination) based on the sources mentioned above.
After looking into emissions across different regions and income levels for the family planning post and the consumer sustainability post, I was super curious to explore a detailed breakdown of these emissions numbers. How does the US have some of the highest emissions per capita at 14 tons, more than double – or even triple --- some of its developed nations counterparts like Sweden (3.8 tons), the UK (4.9 tons), or Japan (8.2 tons)?
I first suspected that some of this was due to the US’ high oil and gas production. And indeed, many of the countries with the highest emissions per capita are some of the world’s largest oil producers (Qatar, 37 tons, Saudi Arabia, 18 tons, Kuwait, 20 tons) but the correlation isn’t perfect. Norway, which lands in the top 5 for most oil production per capita, only produces 7 tons CO2 per capita. Russia (10 tons) also comes in below the US despite ranking higher in oil production per capita.
So lifestyles are playing a part in driving these emissions numbers. But to what degree? To test this, I wanted to see if I could replicate emissions per capita for several countries using average household budgets, miles traveled, and emissions factors.
I hoped to understand better:
What does the US do in excess to get to such a high emissions per capita number compared to other developed nations? How far can we decarbonize while minimizing impacts to our quality of life?
What are developing nations with very low emissions per capita sacrificing in quality of life to achieve those numbers? What kinds of practices can help them achieve a better quality of life in a sufficiently sustainable way?
The 7 countries I studied were: US, UK, Sweden, India, Argentina, Nigeria, and Japan. This group had good availability of data, “different-enough” geographies and lifestyles, and a wide distribution of emissions per capita numbers.
Here are the results (and for those curious on methodology, that’s at the bottom of this post):
Observations & takeaways:
Road transportation is a huge factor in emissions numbers. The largest share of emissions for most of the countries with cars or motorbikes as a main form of transport (US, UK, Nigeria, Japan, and India all drive >3,000 miles/person in vehicles every year) is road transport. On an absolute emissions basis, the single largest contributor to personal emissions across the 7 countries is the US’ road transport category, at 4.4 tons / person / year. So transport is well-deserving of being targeted as a high-impact category for energy transition.
If the US were to switch to EVs, we could see that 4.4 tons number drop to 1.4 tons, a 70% drop in emissions. If the US were to switch to high efficiency vehicles (average of 45 mpg), we could see a 43% drop in emissions per capita (4.4 to 2.5). With denser urban populations, it’s possible that VMT drops. Assuming the US average drops to the New York average and changing nothing else, that would drop our emissions per capita by less than 30%. But waiting for that drop to occur means waiting for enough urban transportation to develop to replace a car, which can take a loooong time in addition to being unrealistic for many people who can’t work in an urban setting.
So clearly the highest impact (and for most people of sufficient means, the easiest) action we can take as a consumer with minimal impact to lifestyle is to switch to an EV. For those that don’t want to give up the reliability of current gas infrastructure, the equivalent reduction in emissions can be achieved by driving a super high-efficiency vehicle, or a car with fuel economy above 80mpg (some PHEVs can already do this if driven long enough in EV mode).
Decarbonized grids + smaller, more energy efficient houses can very effectively minimize housing emissions, another big chunk of the equation. The big eye-opener here was Sweden. Sweden’s electricity emissions factor is 0.012 kg CO2e / kWh, 98% below the US at 0.48 kg CO2e/kWh, which is also the world average. Sweden’s grid has almost completely decarbonized and homes in Sweden use electricity for heating. That means that there is almost no contribution to emissions per capita from energy use in homes. For the US, that can save 2.4 tons / person / year.
Japan’s emissions per capita for housing is also much lower than the US’ (1.2 tons, 50% lower than the US at 2.4 tons). Japan’s grid, unlike Sweden, is not decarbonized. Its emissions factor is actually higher than the US’ at 0.49 kg CO2e / kWh. But size and energy efficiency of the average home more than compensate for the higher emissions factor. The average Japanese house is 1,310 sq ft, which works out to be 582 sq ft per household member vs. the US at 2,301 sq ft, or 920 sq ft per household member. The average Japanese energy bill is 4,932 kWh vs. the US at 11,000 kWh, which is not completely proportional to the reduction in square feet. Japanese homes, being more energy efficient, use 3.8 kWh / sq ft vs. 4.8 kWh / sq ft in the US.
So even if we don’t do anything about our grid or home heating, and keep our homes just as large going forward, we can reduce our housing emissions by 20% by reaching the Japan’s level of energy efficiency. But that’s not enough since that still leaves us with the largest housing emissions per capita than the other countries examined here. One pathway to at least achieving parity with Japan (the second highest in this list): lower the US’ average home size to 2,000 sq ft, match Japan’s current level of energy efficiency per square foot, and lower the grid emissions factor by 30%. That’ll bring us down to half the footprint without sacrificing much in lifestyle.
Spending on health and wellness is an unexpectedly larger contributor…air travel, an unexpectedly smaller one. I hadn’t realized how carbon intensive healthcare is. The emissions factor for health and pharmaceutical spending is almost 8x that of spending on clothes, furniture, and other goods. I suspect the big reason is the large amount of plastic used in healthcare and health products. Even so, that was a surprise for me. Every $100 spent on health a month produces about 1 ton CO2e a year for each person.
It's unrealistic to expect a big reduction in this number since healthcare is such an essential need. But the US spends more on health than any other country in this analysis, which can indicate 1) that it’s an expensive healthcare system but also 2) some of the spending could be in excess. It’s not a secret that the US has the biggest consumer markets in the world for things like supplements and fancy personal care products. How much of that do we really need? (I’m asking myself that question as a sucker for new skincare.)
The other unexpected category was air travel. Air travel has traditionally been the hallmark of personal emissions in excess – how many times do we refer to the classic irony of billionaires traveling around in private jets to environmental summits? But the truth is the average person in the US only takes 1.4 trips / 3,700 miles, which amounts to 0.5 tons of CO2e, or 1 ton if adding in the radiative forcing multiplier (basically emissions at higher atmosphere have a more damaging effect). So on an emissions per capita basis, air travel is not as big of a contributor as road emissions, food, health or housing.
And actually, the emissions factor for air travel is lower on a per mile basis than that of a single occupancy car (0.13 kg / passenger-mile vs. 0.4 kg / mile for an ICE car). So for the same distance, flying is actually the greener option (being crammed into 900 square feet with 140 other people does have its benefits, I suppose). The flip side of that is that flying usually happens in couple-hundred to couple-thousand-mile chunks, which adds up on the emissions side very quickly. So for those that take several plane trips a year (myself included), plane travel’s contribution to emissions is much, much greater. But, thanks to the 53% of Americans that never fly, on average, it’s not a big driver of the US’ average emissions per capita.
I realize, of course, that this can change very quickly if most Americans start taking several trips a year (not unfathomable with how cheap flying has gotten domestically). If we assume Americans start taking an average of 6 trips a year vs. the current 1.4, airline travel would shoot up to occupy a similar proportion to road travel on an emissions per capita basis.
This just highlights how much change the world, especially the developed world, will need to experience to achieve 1.5. The goals currently set by the 1.5 pathway are 25 Gt / year by 2030 and net zero by 2050. 25 Gt / year in 2030 (with 2030 population growth) is equivalent to everyone achieving 3 Gt per capita. The only country that comes close to that in this analysis is Argentina – so basically imagine if everyone in the world switched to living an average lifestyle like the people of Argentina. That’s a huge change for most developed countries. In fact, looking at the UN’s Human Development Index, out of all the countries that score above 0.8 – the general threshold for developed countries – 90% have an emissions per capita higher than Argentina’s and 40% have an emissions per capita double Argentina’s.
And then we add in the impact of developing countries. 80% of the population lives in a country with HDI lower than 0.8 and an emissions per capita of 3 tons. Out of these, about half live in a country with HDI between 0.7 and 0.8 and emissions per capita of 5 tons (think China, Mexico, South Africa – the “near developed” countries – let’s call this Group A) and the other half live in a country with HDI lower than 0.7 and an emissions per capita of 1 ton (like India and Nigeria from this analysis and most of Africa – let’s call this Group B). In order to facilitate a just transition, we need to make sure that the countries that need to raise their HDI can do so.
Just plugging in an Argentinian budget / home energy use into the Nigerian and Indian profiles, we get 3.1 – 3.7 tons / person (that’s assuming these countries keep their transport the same). So in order to meet a relatively good quality of life (HDI > 0.8) and allow some room for “growing pains,” we must at least allow Group B to reach 3.7 tons / person.
That will allow countries like India with extremely small homes (average home size of ~500 sq ft, which translates to a little more than 125 sq ft a person with 4 people) and small budgets to afford enough food and basic necessities. If we did that, that would leave the developed countries and Group A with just 11 Gt to split between them. Accounting for the larger population and further development that is needed in Group A, we assume that they can only get down to the 3 ton / person world average, which would leave the developed countries with a target of 1.3 tons / person.
That’s right…to achieve our 2030 target, we may need to be aiming for nearly net zero in the developed world.
There are other factors to consider that are beyond consumer living. A big flaw in this analysis is the fact that I assume emissions factors for expenses is pretty much the same across all geographies. The reality is that the industrial systems and infrastructure behind what consumers see and interact with can make a huge difference on the emissions factor, or the dollar spent per unit emissions. I don’t know what the variation is between countries, so I don’t know how much industrial change is needed to produce what magnitude of impact. This makes an improvement here a big dark horse since we don’t necessarily have these factors measured or benchmarked. But with many companies aiming for net zero, hopefully there is fast enough improvement that this makes the burden mentioned in #4 a lot lighter.
The footprint profile for each country was calculated at the household level (because most of the spending data available was household spending not individual spending) and the divided by the average number of people in a household (as provided by each country’s census data).
The household footprint was split into three different sections:
Stuff – this covers food, health, clothing & goods, electronics, recreation, and other (which includes things like childcare, insurance, banking, and education). The emissions for these categories were based on ton CO2e per dollar spent and the factors were pulled from Carbon Footprint. The emissions factors for food were split into heavy-moderate-light meat eating, as defined by Carbon Footprint, with each country’s average meat consumption taken from this source. The expenses for each category were taken from household budget surveys provided by: INDEC, NBS, The Times of India, ONS, SCB, MIC, and BLS.

domain: statistics


text:
Beautiful Planet Large Vertical Poster Wall Calendar 2023
DUE SEPTEMBER! Large vertical axis photographic wall calendar, 30 x 70cm, with double wire spiral binding. Large calendar images with the dates shown as a simple line beneath. Printed in Germany by the calendar specialist, Neumann (formerly TeNeues.)
Please note this calendar is larger and heavier than a standard wall calendar, so it is only priced for purchase within Australia. Because of its size and weight there may be a surcharge to send it overseas. So if you are outside Australia please email us for an exact shipping quote before placing your order.
The art -
Stunning landscape photography from around the world.

domain: design


text:
Formerly Fat 'n' Sassy. Bragging size bells. Grows well almost anywhere. Big, blocky 4 1/2 inch bells have thick, meaty walls. Flavor is sweet and crunchy whether harvested green or red. Sturdy 22 inch plants begin bearing early and keep on producing for exceptional yields. Tolerant to TMV and PVY. One of the most popular bell peppers.
Light: Height: 22" Width: 0" Spacing: 18" to 24" Needs Pollinator: No Planting Season: Spring
Maturity: 61-62 Needs Isolation: No Seed Start Indoors: Yes Seed Start Direct: No Seeds Per Packet: 25 Planting Depth:1/4"

domain: agronomy


We are running two week sprints for an enterprise systems group. At the end of each two week cycle, we release into Production. Right now, we are assigning those issues that are being "formally" released to the version (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) and any configuation changes or research etc doesnt getting tagged wtih a version becuase it's done outside of formal change maintenance windows. Anyway, we are currently on Sprint 11 and I'm not sure whether I should be restarting the Sprint count at some point (perhaps to coincide with a bigger release?). But if I do that, will it become a manual process to title the sprint every cycle? Should I just accept that Sprints may increment forever and not try to tie them to each release? What is the best practice?
Hi Community! I’m Elaine, Confluence Product Manager. You may have read my earlier post about page tree in space navigation sidebar. I'm excited to share another improvement that helps you organize ...
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text:
(MENAFN- Trend News Agency ) BAKU, Azerbaijan, August 2
By Tamilla Mammadova – Trend:
Georgia will subsidize mortgage loans for families with newborn children, starting September 1, Trend reports via Georgian media.
"Eligible families will have 12 months, starting from September 1 to apply for loans," said Economy Minister Natia Turnava.
"It will greatly contribute to the well-being of families. In each such family, a newborn child will bring not only great joy but also specific practical benefits,” stated Turnava.
The terms of the state subsidy include:
- The state will offer a loan subsidy to families who will have a child from September 1 with a maximum loan amount of 200,000 lari (about $64,012).
- The state will subsidize six per cent of the loan if the newborn is a first or second child.
- The state will subsidize about eight percent of the loan if the newborn is a third or fourth child.
- The state will subsidize about four percent of the loan for families who have three or more children (without having a newborn child).
The loan interest will be repaid within five years.
Follow the author on Twitter: @Mila61979356
Legal Disclaimer: MENAFN provides the information “as is” without warranty of any kind. We do not accept any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information contained in this article. If you have any complaints or copyright issues related to this article, kindly contact the provider above.

domain: topicality


text:
Riding to Make a Difference
An integral part of our mission to promote good health is supporting a variety of health related charities across the nation. From children to adults, we recognize the needs of many in our community and are committed to doing our part to help improve lives where we can.
Founded in 1985, Camp Bon Coeur’s mission is to provide a safe summer camp environment in which children with heart defects can grow physically, intellectually, emotionally and socially while learning lifelong coping skills.
Camp del Corazon is an organization that provides a medically supervised, residential summer camp for children ages 7-17 who are living with heart disease, as well as additional programs for these children and their families.
Camp Taylor is for children with life-threatening heart disease. Camp Taylor serves young people between the ages of 7 -17, and a Family Camp for campers from birth to 18.
The Tour de Cure is a series of fundraising cycling events held in 44 states nationwide to benefit the American Diabetes Association. We support the mission of the American Diabetes Association: to prevent and cure diabetes and to improve the lives of all people affected by diabetes.

domain: sociology


text:
Among the valuable traditions of the people of God recorded for us in the Old Testament is the bride price sometimes called a dowry. This is a large transfer of wealth from the groom to the new father-in-law before marriage.1 As we will see, a bride price is best understood not as a payment for the transfer of a human being, but as a way to protect the bride as she leaves her father’s household. It is present in many important Old Testament marriages. First mentioned in Genesis 24:53, in which Abraham’s servant pays a bride price for Rebekah, the bride price takes on special importance in the marriage of Jacob to Leah and Rachel. In this instance, recorded in Genesis 31, Laban required an expensive commitment of labor from Jacob for his daughter Rachel. Later, Saul required an unusual bride price of David for his daughter Michal (1 Sam. 18:25).
The bride price is not only part of ancient Near Eastern custom, but is part of the Mosaic law, as in Exodus 22:16-17: “If a man entices a virgin who is not betrothed, and lies with her, he shall surely pay the bride-price for her to be his wife. If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, he shall pay money according to the bride-price of virgins.” A parallel passage in Deuteronomy (22:28, 29) indicates that the bride price is properly paid to the woman’s father, that it was fifty shekels of silver, and that if the two marry, the man loses whatever right he may have otherwise had to divorce her thereafter. Fifty shekels was a considerable sum, probably enough to induce many a young Israelite lover to govern his passions.
The wisdom of the bride price is completely lost on modern Westerners, who generally regard it as antiquated and pointless. Yet bride prices had a significant economic purpose: they provided a trust fund to protect the wife and her children against the possible infidelity or incompetence of the husband. R.J.Rushdoony noted that the bride price was “the family capital; it represented the wife’s security, in case of divorce where the husband was at fault. If she was at fault, she forfeited it.”2 A woman lacking the protection of a bride price, he wrote, was actually a concubine.3
Normally the father of the bride would keep the bride price in trust for his daughter and her children, investing it wisely for their benefit. After his death the fund would go to the daughter for her to manage. Laban’s behavior with Rachel and Leah’s wealth provides a good example of a breach of that trust:
Then Rachel and Leah answered and said unto him [Jacob], “Is there still any portion or inheritance for us in our father’s house? Are we not considered strangers by him? For he has sold us, and also completely consumed our money. For all these riches which God has taken from our father are really ours and our children’s; now then, whatever God has said to you, do it.” (Gen. 31:14-16)
In Laban’s quarreling with Jacob over wages, God providentially gave the fortune — fourteen years’ worth of Jacob’s labor — back to Jacob (Gen. 30:27—31:13).
According to Rushdoony, the bride price was normally about three years’ wages.4 In modern society, a groom rarely comes to a marriage with that much wealth, yet it might be wise for Christians to begin placing heavier requirements on the groom than is customary in today’s society. The groom’s father could provide some of the funds, as a blessing on his son’s marriage, and the groom himself would, of course, contribute money from his own earnings. Rushdoony observes that the bride’s father would usually add to the bride price himself, but the funds generally came from the groom or his family.
The tradition of the bride price thus had the virtue of involving the family of the young man in his choice of a wife. A poor choice might meet with the disfavor of the groom’s family, and thus a greater financial commitment out of the groom’s own pocket. Talk is cheap, but withholding family assets from the groom could make a poor choice an expensive one. A secondary benefit of the tradition is that it provides an incentive to a young man to maintain a good relationship with his parents.
As the tradition of the bride price has faded from Western culture, the state has made attempts to fill the void. Chief among these are alimony provisions in divorce settlements, which require the ex-husband to pay some amount toward the ex-wife’s care. To many people this may seem an acceptable substitute for the bride price, because it provides a divorced wife with financial support. Some might even argue that it is superior, for it puts an additional financial burden on a divorcing husband, while the bride price tradition requires nothing more from him than what he contributed before the wedding. However, alimony has serious shortcomings.
First, this state intervention acts to separate the marriage decision from the beneficial influences of the two families. As the supposed guarantor of the woman’s well-being, the state somewhat reduces the pressure on the bride’s family to carefully screen suitors before marriage. Likewise, the groom’s family has less invested in the marriage — literally — and may not exert that valuable cautionary influence on the young man.
Second, alimony judgments are sometimes poorly enforced. The state, as a disinterested third party, may be lax in squeezing alimony payments from a less-than-enthusiastic ex-husband. Who better than the ex-wife’s father to entrust with making on-time payments out of a trust fund to his victimized daughter?
Third, alimony payments depend upon the income of the ex-husband, who has already demonstrated his unreliability. What of the ex-husband whose income drops substantially after divorce (not unlikely), or is in jail, disabled, or deceased? With the trust fund, the ex-wife’s financial situation is completely unrelated to the success or failure of her ex-husband.
Fourth, the bride price provides the wife with some means of support if the husband fails financially but the marriage survives. The wife’s father may, in such circumstances, decide to support his daughter out of the trust fund until his son-in-law is once more able to provide for his family. The fund should not be overused, however — it should be regarded as an emergency fund only to be relied upon when there is the utmost financial distress.
Alimony should be regarded as a poor substitute for a bride price. A culture moving toward Biblical marriages and strong family-oriented traditions should wean itself from this counterfeit and remind fathers of their responsibilities toward their daughters.
The giving of an engagement ring is a relatively new custom that, to a very limited extent, takes the place of a bride price. It acts as a performance bond: if the man does not follow through on his promise to marry, the woman keeps the ring as compensation for her emotional loss. That is why the value of an engagement ring is traditionally a certain (large) proportion of the fiance’s income. It is supposed to require such a significant financial commitment on his part that he will not casually make a promise to marry (or break the promise). A cubic zirconia, because it is cheap, defeats the economic purpose of the ring. It is similarly useless as a bond if the fiance purchased the ring on credit and has subjected it to repossession if he does not make the payments.
Before the 1930s, the practice of giving an engagement ring was uncommon. As economist Margaret Brinig has suggested, this is probably because at that time almost all states permitted a jilted fiancée to file a lawsuit for damages if the man broke his promise to marry. Between 1935 and 1945, however, this legal option was abolished in states containing about half of the U.S.population. Engagement rings then became more popular, as they afforded the protection the state had ceased to provide.
Regrettably, our society is confused about the economic purpose of the engagement ring, so the woman frequently faces some pressure to return the ring if her fiance proves unfaithful, and the wedding is called off. The only case in which the woman should return the ring is if she is at fault in the breaking off of the engagement.
Even after marriage, the ring remains the property of the wife alone, so that she possesses at least one valuable asset that can be sold in the event that the husband breaks the marriage covenant or impoverishes her. The engagement ring thus acts as a sort of bride price, though it is typically less expensive — and thus less protective of her — than a true bride price.
Recovering the Tradition
Where do we start in reforming our society’s ideas about bride prices? There are several possibilities. First, fathers should acknowledge their responsibility in protecting their daughters by planning for them to enter marriage in sound financial condition. Ideally, brides would not only be endowered, but would be debt-free.5 Second, daughters should be convinced of the protection that a bride price provides, so that the requirement is not cause for her rebellion if a suitor objects. Third, the suitor should be informed (as soon as his intentions become clear) that he will be asked to contribute to this trust fund for his wife, so that he can plan accordingly. The financial sting of the bride price can be reduced by permitting the engagement ring to satisfy part of the requirement, and perhaps by offering to turn over a portion of the earnings from the trust fund to the couple after marriage. In addition, the father of the bride may contribute to the fund himself, as a gift to the married couple. A college education can provide an alternative source of financial protection for the woman in the event of divorce, and should be factored into the decision about the amount of the bride price. Yet it may not be wise for a young mother to depend on this contingency plan while she has young children.
In thinking about bride prices, the father should be careful not to be hypocritical or unduly rigid. For example, it may be a bit unreasonable for a father to demand an $80,000 contribution to a trust fund from a brand-new seminary graduate with very little money in the bank and middle-class parents. This is particularly true if the father has himself demonstrated a serious lack of faithfulness in financial matters. As with the reviving tradition of courtship, the bride price tradition requires the father to be trustworthy and actively involved in the betrothal of his daughter, seeking her best interests before his own.
1. The European dowry reverses this and requires a payment from the bride’s father to the groom.
2. Rushdoony, Institutes of Biblical Law, vol.1, p.177.
3. Rushdoony, p.176.
4. Rushdoony, p.177.
5. Of course,a father’s duty toward his daughters includes many other, less tangible gifts, such as spiritual development and education. Rushdoony notes, “The bride’s dowry was not only whatever her father gave her, and what her husband endowered her with, but also the wisdom, skill, and character she brought into the marriage” (p.177).
- Timothy D. Terrell
Timothy Terrell is associate professor of economics at Wofford College in Spartanburg, South Carolina. He is assistant editor of the Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics and is an Associated Scholar with the Mises Institute.

domain: relationship


Water Quality Drivers in 11 Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
AbstractCoastal water-quality is both a primary driver and also a consequence of coastal ecosystem health. Turbidity, a measure of dissolved and particulate water-quality matter, is a proxy for water quality, and varies on daily to interannual periods. Turbidity is influenced by a variety of factors, including algal particles, colored dissolved organic matter, and suspended sediments. Identifying which factors drive trends and extreme events in turbidity in an estuary helps environmental managers and decision makers plan for and mitigate against water-quality issues. Efforts to do so on large spatial scales have been hampered due to limitations of turbidity data, including coarse and irregular temporal resolution and poor spatial coverage. We addressed these issues by deriving a proxy for turbidity using ocean color satellite products for 11 Gulf of Mexico estuaries from 2000 to 2014 on weekly, monthly, seasonal, and annual time-steps. Drivers were identified using Akaike’s Information Criterion and multiple regressions to model turbidity against precipitation, wind speed, U and V wind vectors, river discharge, water level, and El Nino Southern Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation climate indices. Turbidity variability was best explained by wind speed across estuaries for both time-series and extreme turbidity events, although more dynamic patterns were found between estuaries over various time steps. View Full-Text
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McCarthy, M.J.; Otis, D.B.; Méndez-Lázaro, P.; Muller-Karger, F.E. Water Quality Drivers in 11 Gulf of Mexico Estuaries. Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 255.
McCarthy MJ, Otis DB, Méndez-Lázaro P, Muller-Karger FE. Water Quality Drivers in 11 Gulf of Mexico Estuaries. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10(2):255.Chicago/Turabian Style
McCarthy, Matthew J.; Otis, Daniel B.; Méndez-Lázaro, Pablo; Muller-Karger, Frank E. 2018. "Water Quality Drivers in 11 Gulf of Mexico Estuaries." Remote Sens. 10, no. 2: 255.
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text:
District 16 includes Mesa, Apache Junction and other east Valley suburbs, including the ASU Polytechnic campus.
Here are the candidates running to represent Legislative District 16 on the general election ballot.
District 16 State Senate
Rep. Kelly Townsend is the only candidate listed on the 2020 general election ballot for the District 16 Senate race. If elected, she will replace Sen. David Farnsworth, who has retired.
There are three write-in candidates campaigning against Townsend: Democrat Richard Grayson and Independent candidates Nick Fierro and John Ross Hart.
Townsend currently represents District 16 in the Arizona House of Representatives and is running for the district’s Senate seat in 2020.
Townsend is the former House majority whip and served as Chair of the Elections Committee. She is an ASU graduate, with a bachelor's of science in human communication and a master’s degree in infant and family practice.
Education: Townsend's campaign website lists improving education as one of her priorities. According to her website, Townsend believes in ideas such as school choice, competitive teacher pay and allowing states to determine how to fund education. In regards to education, her website lists "historical revisionism," "democratic socialism" and the federal government's influence in education funding as things she opposes.
Health care: Townsend has questioned the safety of vaccinations and has spoken out against policies requiring people to be vaccinated, calling such policies "communist."
Immigration and border control: Townsend's campaign website includes "a secure border" as one of her priorities.
Economy: Townsend's campaign lists protecting small businesses as well as promoting job growth and a "better economy."
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Townsend has voiced her support for removing the restrictions placed on businesses in an attempt to slow the spread of the coronavirus.
Civil rights and civil liberties: Townsend's campaign lists protecting "the unborn" as a priority, and she has in the past spoken against abortion.
Townsend has also spoken out about her support of the Second Amendment, and received an "A+" rating and an endorsement from the National Rifle Association.
District 16 House of Representatives
Three candidates — one Democrat and two Republicans — are running in the race to represent the Arizona House of Representatives in District 16.
Helen Hunter is the only Democrat running to represent District 16 for the Arizona House of Representatives. Hunter currently serves on the Mesa Police Department's Use of Force Committee.
Education: Hunter's campaign website includes education as a priority. She supports better compensation for teachers and classroom support, including the use of technology in the classroom.
Hunter supports Proposition 208, a measure to raise income taxes on top earners to help fund state education.
Hunter also supports reducing debts associated with higher education to make it more accessible.
Health care: Hunter's campaign website states reducing the spread of COVID-19 "will be a number one priority."
Outside of the COVID-19 pandemic, Hunter supports affordable health care for Arizonans.
Immigration and border control: Hunter's campaign does not provide an explicit policy stance regarding immigration, but it does state she believes in creating a "just immigration system."
Economy: Hunter said she will propose legislation that supplements the labor force, provide increased and extended unemployment benefits and continue support for small businesses, according to her campaign website.
Civil rights and civil liberties: According to Hunter's campaign website, she has over 30 years of experience working with underserved communities.
If elected, Hunter will address the lack of affordable housing throughout the state. Her campaign website also says she wants to reform the justice system to be more equitable, and she supports women's reproductive rights.
Rep. John Fillmore is a current member of the Arizona House of Representatives, following his election in 2018. Prior to that, he ran for the same seat unsuccessfully in 2014 and 2016. Outside of the state legislature, Fillmore is a business owner and a real estate broker.
Education: Fillmore's campaign website says Arizona's education system is "failing" children, believing the "social bull crap" taught in schools is an "American embarrassment."
Fillmore also stated he wants to support Arizona teachers by getting rid of Common Core and reducing federal intervention in state education. He adds the cost of higher education is too high, and the state should work to reduce student debt.
Immigration and border control: Fillmore considers securing the border with Mexico a top priority regarding immigration.
His campaign website states the government is encouraging "those who have invaded our country" and Americans are being treated as "the problem," forced to "change and accept the ... transgressions."
Economy: Fillmore's campaign website states government should not regulate the market. This includes setting wages for workers, which Fillmore considers part of the government's "preposterous laws, taxes and overbearing regulations."
Fillmore is opposed to government welfare programs. On his campaign website, he states his belief that welfare "steals freedom, pride and reward," and although Americans should help one another, "too much giving leads to dependency."
Civil rights and civil liberties: According to Fillmore’s campaign website, Fillmore is pro-life.
In regards to the LGBTQ+ community, Fillmore's website states he respects the privacy of individuals, but opposes "those that want me to glorify their position and move their agenda outside into the community."
In 2020, Fillmore introduced House Bill 2082, which would prohibit public schools from requiring faculty to refer to a student by any other pronouns than those that correspond with the sex listed on their birth certificate.
Fillmore's campaign does not provide an explicit stance on health care.
A life-long Republican, Jacqueline Parker holds a bachelor's degree in classical literature and philosophy from Brigham Young University, and a law degree from the University of San Francisco.
Education: Parker's campaign website says she supports school choice, and the State Legislature should use tax-payer dollars to fund the school of a parent's choosing.
Parker also believes the Legislature should eliminate waste and redirect the funding to additional educational resources and teacher salaries.
Health care: Parker's campaign website states if she is elected, she will work to repeal the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare.
Immigration and border control: According to Parker's campaign, Parker wants to support border patrol agents, eliminate illegal immigration and secure Arizona's border with Mexico.
Economy: Parker considers limiting government's role in the economy a priority. According to her campaign website, this includes lowering taxes and providing sound public policy to support small businesses.
Parker signed the "taxpayer protection pledge," which is a pledge to oppose "any and all tax increases."
Civil rights and civil liberties: According to Parker’s campaign website, she is a lifetime member of the NRA and an advocate for the Second Amendment.
Parker is also pro-life, and she prioritizes defending religious freedom.

domain: politics


The live action remake of “The Jungle Book,” a 1967 Disney classic, won the Oscar for best visual effects at the 89th Annual Academy Awards Sunday night in Los Angeles.
The film, a huge success at the box office, relied on computer generated imagery, known as CGI, to recreate the tale of Mowgli, the orphaned human boy who is raised by animals.
It also used Mellanox Technologies, an Israeli supplier of data center server and storage system solutions, which offers the bandwidth necessary to stream and distribute films like “The Jungle Book” and previous blockbusters, such as “The Martian,” “Gone Girl,” “X-Men,” “Godzilla” and other films that grow in complexity and pixel-density each year.
“Resolution and effects are getting more complicated,” said Eyal Waldman, founder, CEO and president of the NASDAQ-traded Yokne’am Illit company. “You need telecommunication that is faster; you need more bandwidth to watch movies.”
To highlight the animation and special effects nominees that use Mellanox, the company, known for some of its popular, unconventional online ad videos, made a special tribute video to what the 89th Academy Award nominees would have looked like without technologies like the one it offers.
It’s been about eight years since the film industry began using Mellanox for data storage, said Waldman, contributing to some of the industry’s best work on the screen, including “The Hunger Games,” “Spectre,” “Gravity,” “Guardians of the Galaxy,” “and “Night at the Museum.”
“We’re very dominant in this market,” he said. “The resolution of movies is just getting better and better and they need us in movies and TV in order to help get that information across faster.”
Waldman is fairly sure that most film companies aren’t aware of Mellanox’s Israel connection; the company is generally present in computers supporting databases, such as financial services companies, banks and artificial intelligence firms.
Editor’s note: An earlier version of this story credited Mellanox with providing its technology to more than 10 Academy Award-nominated films this Oscar season. A Mellanox spokesperson said the company had made an error in its previous statement.


text:
Nanovario, our smallest vario yet
Hear it in action
What Customers Are Saying
Flyte Park is a manufacturer of open source flight instruments based in Rochester New York. Our flagship product is the Microvario, a mini audio variometer. The Microvario is compact and lightweight, and perfect for hang glider and paraglider pilots. It can be mounted on a helmet, paragliding harness or hang gliding harness.
The Microvario features 16 flight profiles, 3 distinct tone bands, a precision pressure sensor and over 200 hours of flying time.
The Microvario comes with a safety lanyard and Velcro strips for mounding on a helmet and an optional harness mount is available.
At Flyte Park, we've worked hand in hand with pilots to make sure all of our products offer the best possible performance.
Founder & Glider Pilot

domain: aerospace


Canon EF 400mm f/4L DO IS USM (Multi-layer Diffractive Optical Elements), Image Stabilizer USM AutoFocus Lens with Case, Hood & 52mm Gel Holder - USA
What's Included With This Item:
- Tripod Collar & 52mm Gel Holder
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Canon's breakthrough multi-layer diffractive optical lens technology provides photographers with superior super-telephoto performance in a smaller and lighter design with enhanced correction for chromatic aberrations. Canon also added their highly effective Image Stabilization system that gives the equivalent effect of a shutter speed two stops faster. And, it's built it to Canon's professional standards with fast AF, full-time mechanical focus and dust and water-resistant construction.
The Canon 400mm F/4L is popular because customers like the following qualities of the Canon 400mm F/4L: Fast / accurate auto-focus, Lightweight, Strong construction to mention just a few.
|Construction||13 groups / 17 elements|
|Angle of view||6° 10'|
|F stop range||4-32|
|Closest Focusing Distance||3.5m / 11.5 ft.|
|Filter Size||52mm Drop-In|
|Dimensions (Length x Diameter)||5.0" x 9.2" / 128.0 x 232.7mm|
|Weight||4.3 lbs. / 1,940g|


text:
Institutions, governance and incentives in common property regimes for African rangelands
AbstractThe general distinctions between open access, state property, common property and private property are now well established in the academic literature. When applied to African rangelands, however, common property admits a wide variety of resource management regimes. To formulate effective policies it is necessary to understand the structure and operations of particular regimes. In this paper we discuss three examples of common property regimes, two from the southern African nation of Lesotho and one from the west African nation of Senegal, to illustrate some of the key characteristics of common property regimes. In particular, it is important to understand the structure of governance, the types of institutions that govern behavior, and the compatibility between governance, institutions and individual incentives. A common property regime can only be effective if its institutions are compatible with the structure of governance. The extent of its effectiveness also depends upon the incentives and expectations of individuals expected to enforce the rules of the institutions or comply with their terms. At present, most African governments lack the organizational capacity and political will necessary to implement state property regimes, official regulations on resource use, or individual property rights for rangelands resources. In many cases it is more appropriate for governments to define and enforce group rights to particular resources, then help to establish conditions in which internal group dynamics yield efficient resource management outcomes. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 1995
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Bibliographic InfoArticle provided by European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists in its journal Environmental & Resource Economics.
Volume (Year): 6 (1995)
Issue (Month): 2 (September)
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Web page: http://www.springerlink.com/link.asp?id=100263
Common property; property rights; rangelands; Africa; Lesotho; Senegal;
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Hirshlifer, David & Rassmusen, Eric, 1989. "Cooperation in a repeated prisoners' dilemma with ostracism," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 87-106, August.
- Abreu, Dilip, 1986. "Extremal equilibria of oligopolistic supergames," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 191-225, June.
- Runge, Carlisle Ford, 1986. "Common property and collective action in economic development," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 14(5), pages 623-635, May.
- Bromley, D.W. & Cernea, M.M., 1989. "The Management Of Common Property Natural Resources - Some Conceptual And Operational Fallacies," World Bank - Discussion Papers 57, World Bank.
- Shanmugaratnam, N. & Vedeld, T. & Mossige, A. & Bovin, M., 1992. "Resource Management and Pastoral Institution Building in West African Sahel," World Bank - Discussion Papers 175, World Bank.
- Bogale, Ayalneh & Korf, Benedikt, 2005.
"To Share or Not to Share? (Non-) Violence, Scarcity and Resource Access in Somali Region, Ethiopia,"
Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources Discussion Papers
18842, Humboldt University Berlin, Department of Agricultural Economics.
- Ayalneh Bogale & Benedikt Korf, 2007. "To share or not to share? (non-)violence, scarcity and resource access in Somali Region, Ethiopia," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(4), pages 743-765.
- Akpalu, Wisdom & Eggert, Håkan & Vondolia, Godwin K., 2009.
"Enforcement of Exogenous Environmental Regulations, Social Disapproval, and Bribery,"
dp-09-19-efd, Resources For the Future.
- Akpalu, Wisdom & Eggert, Håkan & Vondolia, Godwin K., 2009. "Enforcement of exogenous environmental regulation, social disapproval and bribery," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 38(6), pages 940-945, December.
- Akpalu, Wisdom & Eggert, Håkan & Vondolia, Godwin K., 2009. "Enforcement of Exogenous Environmental Regulations, Social Disapproval, and Bribery," Working Papers in Economics 392, University of Gothenburg, Department of Economics.
- Nathalie Steins & Victoria Edwards, 1999. "Platforms for collective action in multiple-use common-pool resources," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 241-255, September.
- Baland, Jean-Marie & Platteau, Jean-Philippe, 1999. "The Ambiguous Impact of Inequality on Local Resource Management," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 27(5), pages 773-788, May.
- Adger, W. Neil & Luttrell, Cecilia, 2000. "Property rights and the utilisation of wetlands," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 75-89, October.
- Baland, Jean-Marie & Platteau, Jean-Philippe, 2003. "Economics of common property management regimes," Handbook of Environmental Economics, in: K. G. Mäler & J. R. Vincent (ed.), Handbook of Environmental Economics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 4, pages 127-190 Elsevier.
- Gebremedhin, Berhanu & Swinton, Scott M., 2001. "Sustainable Management Of Private And Communal Lands In Northern Ethiopia," Staff Papers 11680, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.
- Gebremedhin, Berhanu & Pender, John & Tesfay, Girmay, 2004. "Collective action for grazing land management in crop-livestock mixed systems in the highlands of northern Ethiopia," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 82(3), pages 273-290, December.
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domain: library


text:
Buy Fruity Pebbles strain | where to buy Fruity Pebbles strain
FPOG, also known as “Fruity Pebbles,” “Fruity Pebbles OG,” and “Fruity OG,” is a hybrid marijuana strain bred by Alien Genetics. FPOG was a limited-time offering from the breeder, although some new varieties may now exist.
How to buy Fruity Pebbles strain | Fruity Pebbles cannabis strain
This sweet hybrid takes genetics from Green Ribbon, Granddaddy Purple, and Tahoe Alien to create a tropical, berry flavor reminiscent of the cereal. The euphoric effects of FPOG will keep you happy when you’re stressed and help you catch some sleep when faced with insomnia. Sit back, relax, and pour yourself a bowl of FPOG! . GET IN TOUCH
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Strains going by the name Fruity Pebbles have circulated since at least 2006, particularly in dispensaries in California. These strains are so named for smelling just like their namesake cereal.
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Although most are labeled as hybrid or as slightly Indica-dominant, the true genetics of Fruity Pebbles may be impossible to discern, as individual growers may use different parent strains or breeding techniques. According to a report provided to Wikileaf by Alaskan grower, Alaska Loven It, the THC composition of Fruity Pebbles was tested in 2021 with a THC percentage high of 28.40%.
Fruity Pebbles strain for sale UK | Fruity Pebbles weed Strain
One variety, created by breeders Alien Genetics, was marketed as Fruity Pebbles OG, an April 2012 limited edition. Packs of these special Fruity Pebbles OG seeds sold for $1,000-$1,500 each. The mother, a cross of Green Ribbon and Granddaddy Purps, was bred with a strain crossed from Tahoe OG and Alien Kush. Given that successful growers can reap anywhere from $1,500 to $3,000 per plant, a pack of these specialty seeds may substantially cut into profit margins for commercial growers — and would certainly be a sunk cost for the more casual home grower.

domain: hobby


Electrophoresis is an analytical method in which a controlled electric current is used in order to separate biomolecules according to their size to electric charge ratio, using a gelatinous matrix as a base.
Electrophoresis is used in a great majority in the field of recombinant DNA since it allows us to know the charge that polypeptides have, and to separate the different polypeptides resulting from the variations of the recombinant DNA experiment.
The most commonly used variant for the analysis of mixtures of proteins or nucleic acids uses a gel as a support, usually made of agarose or polyacrylamide. Nucleic acids already have a negative electrical charge, which will direct them to the positive pole, while proteins become charged by binding with substances such as SDS that incorporate negative charges in a way that is dependent on the molecular mass of the protein.
By putting the mixture of molecules and applying an electric field, they will move and must go through the gel mesh (a three-dimensional network of crossed fibers), so that the small ones will move better, faster. Thus, the smallest will advance further and the largest will be close to the starting point.


Covington 24-Pc King Comforter Set
Gorgeous contemporary octagon embroidery and quilted pattern in a color blocking format. Add touches that will enhance your bedroom decor with embellished and embroidered decorative pillows and window coverings. This entire bed ensemble will leave you with a wow factor and transform your bedroom décor.
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text:
About the film
climate change environment
Once You Know
Release Date: September 22, 2021
|Production Companies||:||Pulp Films|
Today, like a ship entering the storm, the world faces climate change induced collapse. Once You Know, by director Emmanuel Cappellin, is a poetic and poignant exploration of how four of the world’s leading climate scientists and energy experts find truth, chaos, and hope in their work.

domain: movie


text:
Father John Nicholas Grou, S.J.
Translated by the Benedictines of Teignmouth
This timely monograph, composed by Jesuit Father Nicholas Grou, contains precious gems of holy wisdom. They are the fruit of a pastor of souls well acquainted with the latter-day stratagems of an experienced adversary determined to get the focus of persecuted and battle-weary Catholics off the straight and narrow course leading to Boromirpersonal sanctity.
The Gift of Self to God, which is the heart of the composition, is an extremely provoking and healing meditation dealing with the necessity and salutary advantage of giving our all to God. It is a perfect compliment to the spirit of Saint Louis Marie de Montfort’s True Devotion to Mary.
Not as well known as he should be, the work of this great doctor of the interior life is reprinted here, together with two of his other essays, all of which confirm the virtue of filial trust in God.
Softcover, 44 Pages
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domain: christianity


- Snowiest month of May ever.
- Most snow on a single day in the month of May ever.
- Snowiest May 8 ever.
Explaining why there are so many atolls that barely rise above sea level. (I think this theory from Dr Klaus L E Kaiser makes a lot of sense.)
Almost 28 cm – On the 9th of May!
Winter (as in WINTER) storm warning. Power outages possible. Total snow accumulations of 4 to 8 inches, except 6 to 10 inches (15-25 cm) along higher terrain surrounding Lake Superior.
…ACCUMULATING SNOW FOR THE HIGH COUNTRY and along the Front
Range… Total snow accumulations of 6 to 12 inches (15-30 cm) expected.
Breaks record set in 1941, before most of this site’s readers were born.
7 May 2019 – Multiple states could experience snowfall as dual cold fronts are expected to cross the country.
8 May 2019 – “35 centimeters (more than a foot) of snow here on the mountain” – artisans stuck in snow masses in Sälen
Many record lows already reported, with another blast of cold expected from May 11 to 18.
Heavy snowfall in
#Calabria, south Italy Monday morning, May 6th.


text:
If you don’t already know, we are flying to London, England in March to do an engagement shoot. Yeah!
Well if you’re an international traveler, you know that the restrictions for luggage are just insane. Add to that, being a professional photographer & you have the perfect mix for unhappy travel.
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Think Tank Photo is a professional photography equipment manufacturer, creating innovative camera bags, camera cases, photo backpacks and beltpacks for Professional Photographers that use digital SLR cameras. By designing camera bags for speed and accessibility, we prepare a photographer to Be Ready “Before The Moment.”
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We’re so honoured with their generous offering and at the same time very eager to get over the puddle & test out the Airport Antidote for it’s ability to hold as much gear as that we can squeeze in and get through customs as quickly as possible.
We leave on March 20th for London, so stay tuned for our in-depth review of the Airport Antidote & photos from the trip! You can also register on our site for updates, promotions & other amazing things that are going on in the world of Esquire Photography.
Have a super week & if you’re in So. Cal. – do your best to stay dry – cheers!

domain: photo


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THE DEEP END, based loosely on Elizabeth Sanxay Holding’s 1947 LADIES HOME JOURNAL serialized novel THE BLANK WALL, is a story of a mother’s relationship with her son as she struggles desperately to cope with a crisis that threatens to envelop her entire world. In the classical tradition of the American film melodrama, THE DEEP END explores the depths of familial love, the boundaries of communication, and the quiet lonely beauty of self-sacrifice.
Lake Tahoe is both the setting and the controlling metaphor of the film – its purity and clarity, its steadfastness, its unfathomable depth and mystery, its moods. Surface tension – the fragile membrane-like collection of molecules pulling in on a liquid’s boundary, containing it, keeping it in its smallest possible space, defining it’s volume – mirrors the dramatic tensions of the story and it’s main character Margaret Hall.
THE DEEP END is the second feature of David Siegel and Scott McGehee (SUTURE). It stars Tilda Swinton (ORLANDO, EDWARD II, THE BEACH), Goran Visnjic (WELCOME TO SARAJEVO, E.R.) and Jonathan Tucker (SLEEPERS, THE VIRGIN SUICIDES) and was shot in May and June 2000 on location in Lake Tahoe and Reno (California and Nevada).


$31.99 - $30.39
(as of Dec 21,2022 19:45:49 UTC – Details)
Capture the operatic beauty of a brio, where all actions are spirited and done with vigor. This modern design uses our signature “lite” fabric, which elevates the Brio Chef’s Bib Apron into a class of its own. Though it’s soft to the touch, the Brio Chef’s Bib Apron still maintains its durable construction for maximum protection and freedom of movement.
Item model number : ACN01
Department : Mens
Date First Available : March 16, 2020
Manufacturer : Chef Works
ASIN : B085Z8HP1C
Machine Wash Warm With Like Colors, No Hotter Than 140F (60C).
Adjustable elastic neck strap


text: Boisot, Charles a Flemish theologian, a native of Brussels, was at first canon regular of Groenendael, and afterwards abbot of Sonnebeck, in the territory of Ypres. He died Aug. 27, 1636. He wrote Ordinationes et Statuta ad Regulam S. Augustini (Cologne, 1628). See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gen., s.v.


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Recommended for: AMAZING DREAMS AND DREAM RECALL
Materials: 100% Cotton shirt, Procion Reactive Dye infused with 99.9% Siesta Key Quartz Crystal Sand, LOVE & POSITIVE ENERGY, prewashed with Synthrapol and soaked for 30 minutes in Soda Ash before dying. Shirts are rewashed in synthrapol after dying. In this process, I add a white t shirt to the wash to ensure there is no dye leftover on these shirts. As always, wash with like colors.
This particular shirt uses the colors red, yellow, blue, and purple, which also incorporate the following crystals and gemstones into the dye:
Sacral Chakra: Cuprite, Quantum Quattro
Solar Plexus Chakra: Citrine, Libyan Gold Tectite
Throat Chakra: Aquamarine, Blue Apatite
Crown Chakra: Elestial Quartz, Apophyllite
99.9% Quartz Crystal sand is then added to the dye to supercharge the crystal energies, which is then locked into the fabric’s material when dyed!
Spiritualist Rosie Neal says:
“I personally think you just stumbled on a very Sacred Gift for anyone that wants to receive the energies. The shirt you wore to my home last Friday emitted a very Powerful frequency. It was your own Signature Resonance Frequency. This takes it all to another level because of your level of Awareness, Heart based Expansion. Adding Crystals just is a game changer & it opens a entire new paradigm. This allows for absorption of a higher level of Conscious Expression. “Game Changer” on the Quantum level.”
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domain: chemistry


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Here's a look at how the Defense Department is being impacted by and responding to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Across the military, uncertainty about future jobs or college opportunities is driving more service members to re-enlist or at least postpone their scheduled departures. As unemployment, layoffs and a historic economic downturn grip the nation, the military—with its job security, steady paycheck, and benefits—is looking much more appealing.
Researchers at the Veterans Affairs Department and University of California-Los Angeles are studying whether a chemotherapy drug for prostate cancer can help reduce the severity of COVID-19 in men. The VA announced last week that it will test degarelix, also known by its brand name Firmagon, in nearly 200 veterans hospitalized with the novel coronavirus at VA medical centers in Los Angeles, New York City, and the Puget Sound area of Washington state.
A member of an elite Canadian air force squadron died May 17 after a jet crashed into a British Columbia home during a celebration for front-line workers in the coronavirus pandemic, authorities said. The Royal Canadian Air Force identified the deceased as Capt. Jenn Casey, a public affairs officer who joined the "Snowbirds" in 2018. Another team member, Capt. Richard MacDougall, was seriously injured.
"Space is crucial to modern American life whether viewed from an economic, information, or national security vantage," writes retired USAF Lt. Gen. David Deptula, dean of AFA's Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies. "Accordingly, it is crucial to ensure the new military service is aligned for success. This demands an honest assessment of its needs and key challenges, with full recognition that establishing the new Space Force as a separate service was just the first step of many that need to be taken."
For the last five years, Air Force Special Operations Command has been working toward incorporating a high-energy laser weapon on its newest AC-130J gunship. It now plans to test-fire a 60-kilowatt laser in 2022, according to a program officer affiliated with the program.
Two senators from key committees have asked Air Force Secretary Barbara Barrett to rethink plans to terminate existing partnerships with companies if they do not win a National Security Space Launch procurement contract. In a May 13 letter to Barrett, Sen. Patty Murray (D-Wash.) and Sen. Rick Scott (R-Fla.) call on the Air Force to continue funding agreements signed with three launch companies in October 2018. The Air Force plans to terminate the agreements except those with companies that win a National Security Space Launch Phase 2 procurement contract.
The Army wants to do a tech demonstration in the southwestern desert—COVID permitting—of how the new weapons systems it’s developing can share data.
This simulator will familiarize you with the controls of the actual interface used by NASA astronauts to manually pilot the SpaceX Dragon 2 vehicle to the International Space Station.


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Striking Patterns: Unveiling the Orange and White Cat Breed
Cats come in various colors and patterns, each possessing its own unique charm. One of the most eye-catching color combinations is orange and white, which creates a striking pattern on a cat’s fur. In this article, we will delve into the world of orange and white cats, exploring their characteristics, origins, and popularity among cat enthusiasts.
Orange and white cats, also known as ginger or marmalade cats, exhibit a captivating blend of warm orange hues alongside patches of crisp white fur. The distribution of these colors can vary greatly from one cat to another. Some may have predominantly orange fur with only small patches of white, while others may display an almost equal distribution of both colors.
These feline beauties often have stunning green or amber eyes that perfectly complement their vibrant coat. Their facial features are usually adorned with cute pink noses and ear tips that add to their overall charm.
The unique coloring seen in orange and white cats is the result of specific genetic traits passed down through generations. These cats are not associated with any specific breed but rather occur naturally across different breeds.
It is believed that the gene responsible for the orange coloration (known as the “O” gene) is carried on the X chromosome. As a result, male ginger cats are relatively rare since they require two copies of this gene – one from each parent – while females need only one copy to display the orange coloring.
Orange and white cats have gained considerable popularity worldwide due to their striking appearance. Their vibrant coats make them stand out among other feline companions, attracting both casual cat lovers and dedicated breed enthusiasts alike.
Many people believe that orange cats possess friendly and sociable personalities. While individual personalities can vary greatly regardless of coat color, these cats often have a reputation for being affectionate and outgoing. Their playful nature and endearing looks make them a joy to have as pets.
Orange and white cats, with their striking patterns and captivating coloring, are a unique and sought-after type of feline companion. Their warm orange fur combined with patches of white creates an eye-catching contrast that never fails to captivate the hearts of cat enthusiasts. Despite not being associated with a specific breed, these cats are adored for their friendly personalities and playful nature. Whether you’re looking for a new feline friend or simply appreciate their beauty, orange and white cats are sure to bring joy into your life.

domain: pet


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DeatschWerks Fuel Injectors
DeatschWerks fuels your passion for performance with fuel injectors specifically designed and engineered for your Sport Compact, Modern Muscle, and European vehicles. DeatschWerks fuel injectors are manufactured to fit your OE harness, fuel rail, and manifold. Because they are application-specific, you'll spend less time installing and tuning, so you can spend more time enjoying the increased performance of your ride! They provide an excellent spray pattern and atomization for optimized idle and tuning. Each set is flow-matched both statically and dynamically, and flow-balanced to within one to two percent. A flow report is included with each set of DeatschWerks fuel injectors.
These fuel injectors work with our Nice Time Racing inlet manifold, and billet fuel rail. Sold as a matched set of 4.


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Recent Pulitzer-winner Jericho Brown reflects on how the prize brings him new attention but the writing process remains the same. With Ashia Ajani at Them, he discusses how the discipline and craft of his poetry can’t be affected by prizes. “What I tell my students is that you either need to write like you have already won every prize, or you need to write like you know for a fact you will never win any prize,” Brown says. “Because the truth is no matter what, you still have to wake up the next morning and endure the tyranny of the blank page.”
“You’d be hard-pressed to find a book that was at once so bold in style and ambitious in structure and so much fun to read.” The Guardian asks indie publishers about the books that made their year, including Sudden Death by Álvaro Enrigue (whose own Year in Reading you can find here).
Amazon has unveiled its “Kindle Singles” store. Says Amazon: “Typically between 5,000 and 30,000 words, each Kindle Single is intended to allow a single killer idea — well researched, well argued and well illustrated — to be expressed at its natural length.” In practice, this appears to mean short stories as well as journalistic pieces that have (perhaps) been expanded upon. For example, a piece from n+1 is included, “Octomom and the Politics of Babies” by Mark Greif. Amazon writes that in this piece Greif “updates his insightful essay from last spring, where only the journal’s 10,000 readers had access to his dead-on critique of the American media culture that produced its own eight-headed monster.” Bottom line: Amazon is fishing for higher quality content at the low price points that Amazon readers have come to crave.

domain: literature


Sporting a smaller engine with fewer cylinders than most rivals may not have been a disadvantage when it comes to performance, but the boxer-six engine is resultantly more efficient than rivals. With 31mpg for both coupe models on the combined cycle, the Turbo S uses significantly less fuel than the R8 and 570S. CO2 at 212g/km is also impressive for this sort of vehicle, and reliability ratings are general good for these late model 911’s.
991 Porsche 911 Turbo and Turbo S review (2012-2019) – MPG and running costs
The Porsche 911 Turbo still leads the way as a usable supercar
Aston Martin DBX review - the first performance SUV to deliver on its promise
New Bugatti Divo deliveries begin - £4.4m hypercar hits the road
Maserati Ghibli Trofeo revealed – sober-dressed BMW M5 rival finally arrives
New 2020 BMW M4 throws off more disguise ahead of reveal


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domain: mathematics


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What’s Your Valentine’s Day Style? As women we love dressing up for for V-D, so why not do it was a gorgeous jewelry piece to help accent your wardrobe. Look below to see amazing pieces to help complete your very best Valentine day outfit.
Losing your favorite pair of undies due to that time of the month is frustrating! Get a free sample of @ubykotex and #savetheundies #sp

domain: fashion


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To coincide with the reissuing on remastered CD by Eclectic Discs of the albums ?Bandages?, ?Live Hits Harder?, ?Parlez Vous English?? and ?Superchip?.
Cast a furtive glance back at the British rock music scene of the late 1960?s, the perceived image of this era is one peace, love and gentle vibes. A deeper look would reveal that underneath all this veneer, a band existed that were rebellious, anarchic and serious about the social and political injustices of the day. The Edgar Broughton Band was all of these things and more. In an age when social injustices and unpopular military adventures by super-powers first began to be questioned, the Edgar Broughton Band were at the forefront of a musical and social revolution that swept across Europe in the late 1960?s and early 1970?s.
Formed in the sleepy town of Warwick, brothers Rob ?Edgar? Broughton (Guitar, vocals), Steve Broughton (drums) and Arthur Grant (bass, vocals) became flag wavers for any radical cause that needed their support. Along with cohorts Hawkwind and the Pink Fairies, the Broughton?s were the first of the proto-punks, ploughing their furrow nearly a decade before the likes of Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned came to be.
Added by mavit on January 22, 2006

domain: history


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|<< Solution Manual for Organizational Behaviour: Understanding and Managing Life at Work, 9/E 9th Edition : 133347508 : Canada||Solution Manual for Object-Oriented Programming featuring Graphical Applications in Java : 201726270 >>|
Download FREE Sample Here to see what is in this Solution Manual for Pavement Analysis and Design, 2/E 2nd Edition : 131424734. Note : this is not a text book. File Format : PDF or WordYang H. Huang, University of Kentucky ISBN-10: 0131424734 • ISBN-13: 9780131424739
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Siberian Federal University in cooperation with the group of companies "Energolab" presented at the X International Specialized Exhibition "Research Expo" equipment and water toxicity bioassay techniques and the establishment of the hazard waste.
Department of Ecology and Environmental SFU for over 6 years of successful experience in the field of commercialization of research and development.
In 2005, between the Department and ZAO "SPETSKOMPLEKTRESURS 2001" within the group of companies "Energolab" was signed a license agreement under which during 2005-2011 in environmental laboratories RTN known environmental organizations and environmental monitoring services Russia was introduced more than a thousand units of several modifications, developed by scientists SFU.
Development of SFU reserved 5 patents Russia. Siberian Federal University is at its base training on the use of a unique complex with the issuance of state certificate.
According to Professor Yury Grigoriev SFU, "methods of water quality assessment by the reaction of living organisms exist for a long time. Applies to the Russian series of bioassays, but not all of them have high technical and operational characteristics. During the last ten years, we at the Department developed a unique set of operational procedures and special, fully automated and accurate equipment. This set enables you to standardize the whole process of measurement of water toxicity, establishing classes of hazardous waste. "