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CO-OPERATIVE BANKING IN INDIA - AN OVERVIEWIn the previous chapter, we have reviewed the available literature oncooperative banking. In continuation of that, in this chapter, an attempt is madeto review the developments in co-operative banking in India in general and thatof Kerala in particular. This is considered essential for getting aclear picture of the background in which the DCBs are workingand for their evaluation later.3.1 OriginThe history of co-operative movement in India is about acentury old. The movement was started in India with a view toencourage and promote thrift and mutual help for thedevelopment of persons of small means such as agriculturists,artisans and other segments of the society. It was also aimedat concentrating the efforts in releasing the exploitedclasses out of the clutches of the money lenders. Keepingthis as one of the objectives, credit societies were formedunder Co-operative Societies Act of 1904.The 1904 Act was largely based on the Eng_ish FriendlySocieties Act, 1896 .Under this Act, only primary creditI societies were permitted to register and non-credit and
federal organisations of primary co-operative credit societieswere left out. This lacuna was bridged by the Co-operativeSocieties Act, 1912. This Act paved the way for theorganisation of central co-operative banks throughout thecountry. But the provisions of 1912 Act were inadequate tomeet the requirements of those states where co-operativemovement had made considerable progress. Bombay, the pioneersin this regard passed a new Act, viz., the Bombay Co-operativeSocieties Act, 1925 for serving the many sided development ofthe state. Later on, Madras, Bihar and Bengal passed theirown Acts in 1932, 1935 and 1940 respectively.3.2 Structure of Co-operative Banking in IndiaIndias co-operative banking structure consists of twomain segments, viz., agricultural and non-agricultural credit.There are two separate structures in the case of agriculturalcredit - one for short and medium term credit and the otherfor long term credit. The co-operative credit structure forshort and medium terms is a three tier one with primaryagricultural credit societies at the base level, the centralco-operative bank at the district level and state co-operativebank at the apex level. Over and above these institutions,
grain banks are actively functioning as primary societies incertain states. Though the organisation of central and stateco-operative banks was mainly for the benefit of theagricultural credit sector, they serve non-agriculturalsocieties too.3.3 Primary Agricultural Credit SocietiesPrimary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) are thefoundation of the co-operative credit structure and form thelargest number of co-operative institutions in India. Most ofthese societies have been organised mainly to provide creditfacilities and to inculcate the habit of thrift and economyamong their members.The share capital of a society is divided into units,called shares, contributed by the members. The most importantsource of finance of PACS is members deposits. Borrowingsconstitute the most important element of their workingcapital. The criteria for borrowings differ from state.tostate according to their liability. Punctuality in therepayment of loans has hardly been observed by the memberswith the result that there has been a steep rise in the amountofoverdues all over the country.
3.4 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies in IndiaIn India, PACS are passing through an era of crisis.Increasing incidence of non-viability is one of the major setbacks. PACS have made little progress in attracting deposits.In majority of the cases, the deposits were collected throughbook adjustments by carving certain portion of loan amount.The repaying capacity of the PACS has been dwindledconsiderably, as a result mounted overdues in the loanoutstanding against members. Alongwith the increasing volumeof business the number of PACS running into loss and theamount of loss have increased considerably over the years.The important reasons for this situation are, existence ofnon-viable and dormant societies, uneven growth ofagricultural credit movement, inadequacy of the quantum ofloan supplied by them, defective loan policies, delay in loandisbursement, inadequate supervision and defective audit, nolinking of credit with marketing, high overdues, ineffectivemanagement, neglect of small farmers and domination of vestedinterests. Salient data of PACS in India from 1975-76 to1990-91 is given in table 3.1.
3.5 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies in KeralaThe comparative performance of PACS in Kerala with respect totheir counterparts in the rest of the country is remarkable.Kerala had the highest rank (1987-88) with regard to membership,population coverage, borrowing members, loans and advances,deposits mobilisation and share capital contribution (Suresh, K.A.andVinaikumar, E., 1993. p.43). The rank with regard topercentage of overdue to demand was lowest during this period.The progress of PACS in Kerala for the period 1970-71 to 1991-92is explained in table 126.96.36.199 District Co-operative Banks in IndiaDistrict Co-operative Banks (DCBs) occupy the middlelevel position in the three tier co-operative credit structureof the country. In the beginning of the formation of PACSs,52they could not function effectively without gaining financialsupport from an outside agency. Over and above this, theywere in need of technical guidance and administrative support.At the same time, there were some societies which have gainedstrengthand possessurplus funds as well as talents. As aprecondition to get mutual help it became necessary that all
these primary societies form a federation for ensuringrational use of their funds and provide a common place to meetfor exchange of ideas and co-operative experience. Theformationof DCBs was thus a felt need for mutual help.The Co-operative Societies Act of 1912 permitted theregistration of DCBs. Even before the enactment of this Act,some DCBs were established to cater to the needs of primarysocieties. In 1906, forerunner of the first DCB wasestablished as a primary society in Uttar Pradesh. At Ajmerin Rajasthan the first DCB was established in 1910. But thefirstfull fledged DCB as per the provisions of the Act of1912 was started in Jabalpur District of the Central Province.As recommended by Maclagan Committee (1915) DCBs in Indiawere classified into, (Nakkiran, S., 1980, p.162).1. Banks whose membership is confined to individuals - Theseare banks wherein membership consists entirely ofindividuals or in which societies are admitted asshareholders on exactly the same footings as individuals,without any special provision for their adequaterepresentation on the board of management. The MaclaganCommittee was of the opinion that these type of banks
should not be given registration under the Co-operativeSocieties Act. Hence, no such banks exist in our countryat present.2. Banking Unions wherein only primary societies areallowed to become members under this category. As theshareholders, lenders and borrowers are the same, theclash of interest between the shareholders and borrowingsocieties can be eliminated.3. Banks with individuals and societies as members, certainportion of shares are assigned to societies and alsohave separate representation in the board ofdirectors. This category is considered to be better asit provides a combination of both rural and urbanpopulation. Majority portion of the DCBs in India are ofthis type.The DCBs are formed mainly with the objective of meetingthe credit requirements of member societies. As aninstitution for helping the societies in times of need, theyfinance agricultural credit societies for production purposes,
marketing societies for marketing operations, industrialsocieties for supply operations and other societies forworking expenses. In short, the major objectives of the DCBsare to provide loans to affiliated societies, to act as abalancing centre of finance for primary societies, to arrangefor the supervision and control of the affiliated societies,to raise deposits from members and non-members, to conveneconferencesof the member societies and also prescribe uniformprocedure for the working of primary societies, to openbranches of the bank at important places with the permissionof the Registrar of Co-operative Societies and to maintain andutilise state partnership. Generally, the area of operation ofa DCB is limited to one district. Progress of DCBsin India isexhibited in table 188.8.131.52 District Co-operative Banks in KeralaThe DCBs in Kerala have a history of about 80 years.They were organised separately in the erstwhile states -Travancore and Cochin and in the Malabar district of theMadras Presidency before the re-organisation of the states onlinguistic basis in 1956. There were separate Co-operativeSocieties Act for these regions, viz., the Cochin Co-operative
Societies Act 1913, The Travancore Co-operative Societies Act1914 and the Madras Co-operative Societies Act 1932respectively. In 1949, The Travancore-Cochin State was formedby amalgamating Travancore and Cochin States. For this newstate, The Travancore-Cochin Co-operative Societies Act waspassed in 1952. These legislations were in force in theKerala state till the enactment of the Kerala Co-operativeSocieties Act 1969.The Kerala Co-operative Societies Act, 1969 came intoforce on 15.5.1969 and the preamble states it as an "Act toconsolidate, amend and unify the law relating to Co-operativeSocieties in the State of Kerala" (Government of Kerala,1969. p.1). The progress of DCBs in Kerala is exhibited intable 184.108.40.206 State Co-operative Banks in IndiaThe State Co-operative Banks (SCBs) or the apex banksoccupy a crucial position in the three tier co-operativecredit structure in India. These apex banks or StateCo-operative Banks are formed by federating DCBs in eachstate. The apex banks assume a key-position in theco-operative credit structure because the financial assistance
from RBI and the National Bank for Agriculture and RuralDevelopment are invariably routed through them. Table 3.5presents the key statistics relating to SCBs in India for theperiod 1975-76 to 1990-91.3.9 State Co-operative Bank in KeralaThe Kerala State Co-operative Bank (KSCB) was initiallyregistered as the Travancore Central Co-operative Bank on 23rdNovember 1915. In 1954 the bank was transformed as theTravancore Cochin State Co-operative Bank and on November 1st,1956 the bank was reorganised as the Kerala State Co-operativeBank Ltd. It is the first State Co-operative Bank to beincluded in the second schedule of the Reserve Bank of IndiaAct, licenced to carry on the organised business in banking.The bank has built a highly organised network consisting of 14DCBs and 1581 PACSs functioning at the village level (on31.3.92). This wide, network has enabled the DistrictCo-operative Banks to reach the weaker sections and the commonman in the rural areas in Kerala. Progress of KSCB for theperiod 1970-71 to 1991-92 is displayed in Table 3.6.

domain: economics


The University of Bayreuth is a research-oriented university with internationally competitive, interdisciplinary focus areas in research and teaching. The Faculty of Law, Business & Economics at the University of Bayreuth is currently seeking to appoint a
Full Professor of Business and Information Systems Engineering and Networked Energy Storage
at pay grade W 3 (minimum salary per month: 7,217 euros). This is a permanent civil service position.
We are looking for a scholar with an outstanding international track record in energy informatics research. He or she should complement the existing focal points in business and information systems engineering and develop new strategies for application in and for the management of sustainable, complex energy systems. The willingness and ability to acquire third-party funding, including in coordinated programmes, must be evident. The person to be appointed will be expected to play an active and leading role in the newly founded Bavarian Centre for Battery Technology (BayBatt).
The research focus of the chair should lie in at least two of the following areas and have relevance for the development and use of electrical energy storage systems:
- Scalable and self-organizing distributed systems for the integration, monitoring, and control of electrical storage systems
- AI-supported methods of energy management of storage systems in buildings and grids
- Quantitative modelling and economic operation management of complex energy storage systems
- Information Technology (IT) and Operation Technology (OT) of battery systems
- Virtual representation of complex energy systems (digital twin) based on models and field data
- Application of secure information and communication technology for smart homes, micro-grids, and energy information networks.
In teaching, the postholder will be expected to play a pivotal role in the interdisciplinary master’s programmes Battery Technology and Battery Materials & Technology, which are currently being established, and in particular to contribute aspects of business and information systems engineering. The willingness to contribute to the bachelor’s and other master’s programmes in business and information systems engineering, which are currently being developed, is a prerequisite. The ability to teach in German and English is also expected.
The general administrative requirements for hiring professors at universities in Bavaria apply. A complete description of the vacancy can be found at www.uni-bayreuth.de/en (University / Work at the University / Job Vacancies). You can find the job advertisement of four further full professorships at BayBatt there.
Applications (CV, outlining education and academic career, list of publications, list of courses taught, experience obtaining external funding, as well as copies of all diplomas and certificates) are to be submitted electronically to the Dean of the Faculty of Law, Business & Economics, Prof. Dr. Jörg Schlüchtermann, via https://uni-bayreuth.berufungsportal.de by 7 November 2021. Applicants are welcome to direct questions and requests for further information to the Dean at [email protected]. Application documents will be deleted in accordance with data protection law following the conclusion of the appointment process.
|Job Category||Teaching and scientific research|


text:
INDIVIDUALISM-POLITICS-AND THE MODERN STATE
For Max Stirner the state is an enemy. In the state individuals must sacrifice their labour, body, and freedom to a collective called the state . The government needs money so it takes property and labour. It subordinates human beings to its will and crushes them if they resist. The state is, therefore, the enemy of all human beings.
Stirner claimed that this is the case even with the development of modem institutions and the emergence of democratic political practice. Thus when Stirner spoke of the liberal political tradition, he spoke with nothing but disdain.
The liberal revolutions of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries did not free the individual from the state but made the individual subservient to the state.
Citizenship is the value promoted in the state. The liberal revolutions created the idea of the citizen and then subjected the people to it (p. 1 1 1). In what can be read as an attack on the organic description of the state presented by Hegel, Stirner argued that ‘social liberalism’ seeks to generate the idea that the state has a body, not the individual (p.128). That body must be nurtured with all doing their part to support it. What Stirner called ‘humane liberalism’ (more in the tradition of Kant) sought to obliterate the concept of self and replace it with a generalized concept, ‘Man,’ to which all would owe their allegiance in the modem state.
Both of these forms of liberalism create the dream of freedom, but the promise cannot be fulfilled. In fact, this freedom is not real, it lives in the realm of dreams (p.157). The real is what Stirner called ‘ownness.’ Owmess is personal and internal. It is not linked to the authority of the state. ‘I am my own only when I am master of myself, instead of being mastered either by sensuality or by anything else (God, man, authority, law, State, Church) (p.169).’
Owmess cannot be achieved within the two modem political traditions (socialism and liberalism). They reject the idea that the individual is unique. For Stirner the unique character of each human being is undeniable and critically important. This conclusion stems from a resolute ontological position. Stirner means the ‘individual’ in the strictest sense of the word. Only the individual has real being. Only organisms think, feel pain, breath, live and procreate. Each is, therefore, a repository of unique experience and ideas. To subordinate this uniqueness to any concept of state, collective union, or society that would negate this ontological reality would be an affront to reason.
Even to say ‘one’ is unique because one is part of a unique group is to return to the safety of the herd and to sacrifice ontological independence (p.138).
Stirner puts it very directly. ‘Doubtless I have similarity with others, yet that holds good only for comparison or reflection; in fact I am incomparable, unique.
My flesh is not their flesh, my mind is not their mind’ (p.138). Any structure of authority resting on a concept that seeks to make the individual subordinate to a concept or idea beyond this principle is the enemy.
Liberals do not see man, but only the concept ‘Man’ (p.173). They do not allow room for individuals. The individual man is refused, only the general human being is revered (p.205). The true individual must desecrate all that the state demands (p.184). Aware that the state has power, Stimer comments, ‘It would be foolish to assert that there is no power above mine. Only the attitude that I take toward it will be quite another than that of the religious age: I shall be the enemy of every higher power’ (p.184).
The current system of morality that informs state practices is groundless. The danger for the individual within this social, political, legal, and philosophic construction cannot be overstated. Once any authority has the power to determine the ideal to which life should be oriented the individual is in danger. Ideals get fixed within the laws, code, and practices of the state. Then … ‘the butchery goes on here in the name of the law, of the sovereign people, of God, etc! ‘ (p.205).
Thus, it is impossible to separate Stirner’s rejection of the state’s authority from his comments about what he calls the ‘fixed idea.’ The fixed idea is the basis of modem morality and legality (p.43). Applied in the law, the construction of fixed ideas creates the basis for creating the label ‘criminal behaviour’ by which the state can justify its existence (p.238).
Criticise the fixed idea and you will have to deal with aviolent anddangerous public that lives by the herd instinct. ‘Touch the fixed idea of such afool, and you will at once have to guard your back against the lunatic’s stealthy malice … Every day now lays bare the cowardice and vindictiveness of these maniacs, and the,stupid populace hurrahs for their crazy measures.’ (p.43).
Stimer’s criticism of the state was unwavering. He denied the concept of authority because he denies that the state can have any firm footing on which to pass judgement. It creates the illusion he called the fixed idea, but Stirner denies that the fixed idea is anything but a fraud. The state generates power and illusion.
It is, in reality, not constructed on the firm foundation of truth that it pretends.
What is unique about Stimer’s work is that it does not conform to the normal strategy employed by the other anarchist writers of the period. Most anarchist writers of this period began with a construction of human nature and then proceeded deductively. While there is some disagreement over how benign these authors saw the human character?generally human nature waspresented in such a way that the state could be seen as unnecessary, irrelevant, and intrusive. (This positive characterisation of human nature is also perceived to be one of the major criticisms against anarchism.)
For example, in Mutual Aid Kropotkin asserts that, incontrast to Darwin, species that learn tocooperate are themost successful.
In modem society institutions have disrupted the natural condition of human being^.^ The same methodology is employed by Godwin and Proudhom6Society is spontaneous and natural, and it is the formal institution of the state that prevents the natural condition from realising its potential. All of these conclusions, however, have their origins in a fixed view of human nature and human essence. Stirner rejects this strategy suggesting that it is not only flawed, but dangerous.

domain: philosophy


text:
John Adams in a 1798 address to the Massachusetts Militia* observed that “Our Constitution was made only for a moral and religious People. It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other…”
The implication of this observation is that the Constitution relies upon a particular moral context for its objectives to be achieved. The framers, however, following the suggestion of Edmund Randolph**, chose not to explicitly declare this moral underpinning. An unfortunate choice for a document that was to be the fundamental law of the Republic.
A fundamental law is one on which all other laws are based and one which, thereby, limits all derivative laws. A fundamental law is singular and makes imperative a single moral principle. The multiple fuzzy objectives which serve as the fundamental in the Constitution result in contradictions that are the playground and support of politicians and bureaucrats.
John Adams certainly had some inkling that there was a problem with the Constitution. Somehow, I can’t see him saying, “My Will was made only to be executed by a moral and religious executor. It is wholly inadequate to the execution by any other.” Viewed in this light, John Adams’s comment hardly seems to be a strong vote of confidence in the Constitution.
So, what was the moral underpinning which the framers readily agreed to omit? The answer, of course, lies in the Declaration of Independence.
The drafters of that document, eleven years before in 1776, boldly committed to securing individual rights as the proper purpose of government and no other. Such concise precision, easily honed in the early days when success seemed remote, was dulled by war.
Nevertheless the idea of men having individual rights was firmly anchored in the mind of those fighting the war and their families at home and, omitted or not, their rights, in their view, were to be secured by their government.
But what was the fundamental moral principle that was to give security to their rights? How should men in a rights respecting society behave towards each other?
Each knew his rights were violated when his property was damaged or stolen, or his body was harmed or killed, or if he, innocent, was forced to act against his will. Each knew at some level that: No one should initiate force against another. This was the fundamental moral principle each individual lived by. Even those who violated it claimed to be acting by it or, guilty, recognized their own wrongdoing.
The corresponding fundamental law was then: No one may initiate force against another under penalty of law. It had been the fundamental law of the colonies regarding disputes between individuals but not between individual and State or individual and Church. Both State and Church had compelled citizens in certain aspects of life: in particular with regard to taxes and tithes.
It is this fundamental law that was evaded by the framers of the Constitution. To have explicitly identified it in the document would have forbidden any agent of the government from initiating any force against any citizen for any reason.
Explicit identification would have voided, for instance, coercive federal taxation: a major reason for the new Constitution, a power not included in the prior Articles of Confederation.
John Adams may or may not have had this in mind when he made his speech. Yet if such a moral principle and its corresponding fundamental law is placed at the beginning of the Constitution it is clearly seen to frame and limit everything that follows. For instance, the power to lay taxes becomes the authorization to recommend taxes and the authorization to collect voluntary taxes. The power to coin money and regulate the value thereof becomes the authorization to coin only good money untainted by debasement. And so on.
Absent such a clear statement of the fundamental law no such limitations exist, and the Constitution becomes a hollow defense against a government of corrupt and malicious men as John Adams apparently recognized.


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domain: fashion


text:
Added Oct 4, 2012
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domain: hobby


text:
Their Greatest Hits 1971-1975
Their Greatest Hits 1971-1975 by Elektra at WA Tunes. MPN: 1052. Hurry! Limited time offer. Offer valid only while supplies last. Is the fifth album by the American rock band The Eagles, a compilation of singles. Their Greatest Hits (1971-1975) comprises nine best-selling singles released between 1972 and 1975.Shrink-wrapped.
Product Description & Reviews
Is the fifth album by the American rock band The Eagles, a compilation of singles. Their Greatest Hits (1971-1975) comprises nine best-selling singles released between 1972 and 1975.Shrink-wrapped.
Features & Highlights
|Manufacturer:||Elektra / Wea|
|Publisher:||Elektra / Wea|
|Studio:||Elektra / Wea|
|Item Weight:||0.61 pounds|
|Item Size:||12.4 x 0.2 x 0.2 inches|
|Package Weight:||0.75 pounds|
|Package Size:||13 x 1 x 1 inches|
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domain: entertainment


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domain: chemistry


text:
General Atomics has supported the Department of Energy's Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) program since 1975. GA researchers pioneered work on the conceptual design of inertial fusion energy power plants, and our early efforts with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory led to the design of a laser-driven power plant called Cascade, which demonstrated the theoretical possibilities of inertial fusion.
GA began supplying the ICF Program with targets, target systems, and target support services in 1990. Today, GA supplies more than 10,000 such components every year for experiments at the five U.S. ICF laboratories.
These targets and components are produced by a combination of highly precise micromachining and chemical processes such as electroplating and physical vapor deposition. Polymer, glass, and beryllium microshells filled with hydrogen gas are currently the main types of target capsules in the ICF program, though other geometries are also produced.
Shell targets typically range from around 0.5 mm to 5 mm in diameter, and they can have a wide variety of physical and chemical characteristics. Polymer shells can range from full density to ultra-low density foams, with wall thicknesses that vary from a few to several hundred micrometers. The shell walls are not necessarily homogenous; they can consist of multiple layers that can be doped with a variety of elements. Permeability can be controlled with specific types of coatings.
Planar targets can include layers of polymers, foams, metals, oxides, salts, and other materials. Some targets have patterns imposed on them, such as sine waves of various amplitudes and wavelengths, square waves, and two-dimensional sine waves. Planar targets are generally mounted on a frame.
A variety of foams can be fabricated for targets with several types of polymers, some with submicron cell sizes. The foams can be cast or machined into custom shapes and may include an embedded capsule.
In addition to targets, GA also manufactures hohlraums, the cylindrical containers that hold the ICF target fuel capsule. These can be of uniform lead or uranium composition or multi-element "cocktails". A typical multilayered coating consists of repeated nm-scale multi-layers. For uranium hohlraums, several microns of gold are sputtered onto the uranium coating to protect it from oxidation. We have also produced hohlraums with foam inserts.
GA also produces custom-built and modified equipment used for target fabrication and target handling and continually responds to needs for unique target fabrication equipment by designing and building new systems. These include glow discharge polymer (GDP) coating systems for CH and doped CH coatings, spheremappers and wallmappers for measuring surface finishes and wall thickness of capsules, and assembly/characterization stations for cryogenic target systems.


- 20 July 2018
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- 17 July 2018
Three water and wastewater infrastructure projects worth more than $1 million have been completed in northern New Brunswick.
- 10 July 2018
The federal, provincial and municipal governments today announced funding totalling more than $4.4 million for seven new infrastructure projects in Saint John.


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Rustic plot of approx. 1285m² very close to Son Servera with small house of tools.
Rustic plot of approx. 4500m² with water on the outskirts of Son Servera.
At this moment and due to legal requirements, not all properties are available on our web, as soon as they meet the legal requirement of the Energy Efficiency Certificate they will be visible again.


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text:
Studio: Kino Lorber Studio Classics
Apr 04, 2017 Web Exclusive
Released in January of 1944, when the outcome of World War II was still far from certain, Alfred Hitchcock’s Lifeboat was a bold and divisive film. Although it would go on to earn him his second of five unsuccessful Best Director nominations, Hitchcock’s film was slammed by critics who were put off by its sympathetic portrayal of a German soldier and lack of obvious patriotic fervor. Kino Lorber’s new 4K Blu-ray is another step on the long road of positive reappraisal the film has enjoyed since its inauspicious debut.
Lifeboat was the first of Hitchcock’s four “single set” films, followed by Rope, Dial M for Murder and Rear Window. Although Rope and its one-take conceit made for the most high-concept of these cinematic bottle episodes, Lifeboat presented its own challenges, depicting the efforts of nine people to survive in a forty-foot lifeboat after their steamer ship is sunk by a Nazi U-boat in the North Atlantic. Working from a treatment by John Steinbeck based on his story of the same name, Hitchcock found himself unable to indulge in many of the tropes and tricks that had already made him one of the most noted auteurs in Hollywood. Making excellent use of overlapping dialogue and slow zoom-ins and outs, Hitchcock keeps all nine characters in play and makes the most of the minimal space the premise affords him.
It seems ironic that Lifeboat was considered insufficiently patriotic at the time of its release. It’s easily one of the most humanist films in Hitchcock’s long oeuvre of cynical murder mysteries and bleak psychological dramas. Although it begins quite grimly, even going so far as to feature a dead baby, Steinbeck’s story takes the various ideologies that were jockeying for power during the war and distills them into the various characters on the boat. There’s John Hodiak as Kovacs, the fiery Chicago mechanic with a distain for wealth that borders on socialism. There’s former werewolf-of-London Henry Hull as C.J. Rittenhouse, the privileged, paternalistic capitalist. There’s all-time great character actor William Bendix as Smith, the lovable, blue-collar lug who’s worried that his gangrene will cramp his style as a dancer. There’s Walter Slezak as Willi, the friendly and hyper-competent German who pulls double-duty as a prisoner and in-all-but-name leader of the survivors. Anchoring the film as the ostensible lead is Tallulah Bankhead as Connie Porter, a high-society reporter and woman of the world. Connie is cut from the same cloth as Rick Blaine in Casablanca: the tough, isolationist American who comes to realize that working with others for a cause greater than themselves is the only way forward. This arc manifests itself in a hilarious running joke in which Connie’s various valuables and tools of her trade are accidentally knocked into the ocean.
Although it does the rear-projection shots of the open seas no favors, Kino Lorber’s new 4K transfer of Lifeboat does wonders for the performances of the nine actors, providing an added sense of realism and detail to the films small character touches. In particular, a scene in which Connie playfully writes her initials on Kovacs’ bare chest feels far more intimate than one would expect from a film in 1944. In addition to the new transfer, the Blu-ray also features a new commentary track by film historian Tim Lucas. Ported over from a previous release are a brief but informative making-of documentary and a second commentary track by the ever-enthusiastic Drew Casper, a film studies professor at USC.
- The Founder (Review) —
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domain: movie


text:
Like many produce items, avocados bear a sticker that indicates where that piece of fruit was grown: Mexico, California, Peru, or Chile. Equal Exchange avocados specifically come from small farmers who are part of the Pragor cooperative, based in Michoacán, Mexico. 89% of all of the avocados in the US market are from this state in central Mexico, which lies to the west of the province where Mexico City is located. What are some of the unique environmental qualities and realities of the area or terroir of an avocado that facilitate such delicious and plentiful growth? We explore the environmental properties of Michoacán to find out.
How Does the Terroir of an Avocado Affect it?
Volcanic soil covers the land of Michoacán. This soil contains high levels of organic matter that provide essential nutrients to avocado trees.
Our farmer partners at Pragor are enthusiastic about experimenting with different methods to improve and maintain soil quality. They have developed and tested the application of different combinations of organic materials and composts in their fields.
Avocados are grown in Michoacán at elevations ranging from 4300 to 7400 feet (1310 to 2255 meters). This range includes four distinct zones; each zone varies in its average production. Like soil properties, elevation is one of the many factors that affect the productivity of avocado trees.
The farms owned by producer members of Pragor are located at varying altitudes in Michoacán. Pragor staff coordinates with farmers to ensure that fruit is being harvested from each elevation at the proper times.
There are four bloom cycles each year, or occasions on which trees bloom flowers that can turn into fruit. While this is not specific to Michoacán, it is unique to the avocado! Once the avocado tree blooms, it can take between 2 and 8 months for the fruit to be ready to harvest.
In addition to the four bloom cycles of each season, avocados follow an on-bloom, off-bloom year-to-year pattern.
Michoacán experiences relatively constant warm temperatures and high humidity throughout the year, as well as plenty of rain during the summer and sunlight year round. The high humidity and ability of the soil to hold moisture are advantages to farmers, as it allows them to rely less on irrigation that can be expensive and inaccessible.
More rain during any given bloom cycle can lead to an increased quantity of large fruit.
Changes to any of the climatic conditions above – like lower soil quality, reduced rainfall, or shift in humidity – could affect the ability of the farmers at Pragor to provide avocados, and therefore threaten their livelihoods.
Small farmers all over the globe play a key role in climate change mitigation, and are pioneers of different climate change adaptation techniques. Pragor is no exception: several producers run bee-keeping operations on their farms, in addition to piloting other innovative agricultural practices like the natural fertilizers mentioned above.
Pragor is an inspiring example of commitment to the art and science of sustainable agriculture. Equal Exchange is proud to partner with this dedicated cooperative!
Originally posted 2017-11-08 11:56:48.

domain: agronomy


text:
Two permanent fixtures of the annual Tokyo Motor Show are teaming up for this year's event. Sony announced today a collaboration with Toyota that will see the car maker's FT-86 Concept sports car appear in a special version of Gran Turismo 5 which will be on display at the show. Visitors to the Gran Turismo booth will be able to sample a digital recreation of the newly unveiled car.
In addition to GT5, Sony will also be showing PSP's Gran Turismo. Those who bring their copy of GT and their PSP will be able to download a car pack containing 100 cars.
We've put screens of the FT-86 in our Gran Turismo 5 image gallery. Expect to hear more about the tie-up and all things Gran Turismo 5 this weekend as the Tokyo Motor Show kicks off in Chiba.

domain: automotive


text:
[Edit - my first proposal of an approach in this message was not correct due to mistaking what the sigma term in the model output means. In the later comments from ReneTwo and myself, a more suitable approach is (hopefully) arrived at]
I am looking to check the validity of an approach I have taken to get a posterior distribution of effect sizes in a linear model.
I have fitted the following regression model. I suppressed the intercept so that I begin with estimated means for each group. Group and Prox are categorical variables with 2 values:
model <- brm(outcomeVar ~ groupindex-1 + proxindex + proxindex:groupindex + (1|subject)
To approximate a ‘main effect’ of group, I:
- drew samples from the posterior (posterior_samples)
- calculated the overall score of each group, irrespective of proximity, by adding different parameter estimates together. E.g., for group1 overall score, I just calculated: (group 1 mean + (group 1 mean + effect of proximity))/2 - so the result is the average of group 1, over both proximity conditions.
- I then calculated differences between the groups by subtracting one Group’s overall score from the other, over all the samples from the posterior.
- I then can get a posterior distribution of the differences. So, this is just a simple group level contrast that averages over one of the variables, and I think it is correct
Is it valid to then generate a posterior distribution of possible effect sizes (Cohen’s d - the difference between groups divided by the standard deviation) by simply dividing the group difference in each posterior sample by the estimated sigma value for each sample? This makes sense to me, and does produce sensible results, but I wanted to confirm that it is an acceptable way to use the posterior. I have attached a plot I made of one such effect size posterior distribution (the very large size of the effect is not a mistake - it is for a manipulation check where there is almost no overlap in the values from each group).
What I did next was also to compare two effect sizes by subtracting their estimates from each other. I then could get a posterior distribution of the difference between effects sizes, showing whether or not one was likely larger than the other. Is that also a viable approach?
If you are able to confirm whether this approach to making effect sizes is valid, it would be awesome!
Please also provide the following information in addition to your question:
- Operating System: macOS Sierra 10.12.6
- brms Version: 2.8.0

domain: statistics


TÜV Süd ISO 9001:2008
We feel extremely delighted that “LENK FROZEN FOODS” has been the first company ever in Thailand who enjoys the certification of the latest version of ISO 9001:2008 which has been certified by TÜV SÜD Thailand so far.
Moreover, TÜV SÜD informs that “LENK FROZEN FOODS” has been the first Thai company from the frozen seafood trade sector, which ever applied and received ISO certification with them.
Aquaculture Stewardship Council
The ASC programme promotes industry best practice to minimise the environmental and social footprint of commercial aquaculture. Through its consumer label the ASC promotes certified responsibly farmed products in the marketplace.
Der Global G.A.P. Aquakultur Standard
The GLOBALG.A.P. Aquaculture Standard sets criteria for legal compliance, for food safety, worker occupational health and safety, animal welfare, and environmental and ecological care.
The GLOBALG.A.P. Aquaculture Standard applies to a diversity of fish, crustaceans and molluscs and extends to all hatchery-based farmed species, as well as the passive collection of seedlings in the planktonic phase. It covers the entire production chain, from broodstock, seedlings and feed suppliers to farming, harvesting and processing.
Marine Stewardship Council
The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is an independent non-profit organization which sets a standard for sustainable fishing. Fisheries that wish to demonstrate they are well managed and sus-tainable compared to the science-based MSC standard are assessed by a team of experts who are in-dependent of both the fishery and the MSC. Seafood products can display the blue MSC ecolabel only if that seafood can be traced back through the supply chain to a fishery that has been certified against the MSC standard.


It’s the price of doing business, but who doesn’t want a 105mm f/1.4ED from Nikon? Sure, the price is exactly what everyone thought it would be. $2,196.95 for what Nikon is billing as optical quality unmatched in its segment.
I’m glad they managed to shave $3.05 off to avoid the $2,200.00 price tag. You’ll have to go cheap at Starbucks to make the extra three dollars stretch.
The Bokeh King of DSLRs?
That remains to be seen after countless of reviews and photographers snapping away. Nikon is pulling out all the stops with its latest lens. The focal length is obviously 105mm, and the f/1.4 max aperture will have enthusiasts brushing off the price.
Nikon isn’t content to stick with the basics. The AF-S Nikkor 105mm has all the latest features from the company, including the nano and fluorine coatings. Its fluorine coating will offer protection for the front element against dirt, dust and oil. Nano? Combined with the ED glass elements, it will work to reduce lens flare and keep chromatic aberrations at bay.
Its nine-bladed electromagnetic aperture promises both speed and accuracy, even at the high end of exposure rates.
At $2200, excellent sharpness and color are a given. Nikon is taking it a step further by promising the same at maximum aperture and into the corners. The company is claiming the new 105mm will remain free of sagittal coma flare.
For those hauling around gear, the lens will tip the scales at 2.2 pounds. Not heavy, but you’ll know it’s there. A minimum focusing distance is set at 3.3ft for a max magnification of .13x. Use filters? When it ships on August 26th, the 105mm will have an 82mm filter thread.
Portrait photographer? Rejoice and set your pre-order. The lens is destined to become a mainstay in landscapes and weddings everywhere.
Yeah, I want one…


text:
Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) plant-growth experiments conducted in Arizona have allowed a spinoff isotope tracer experiment (tank CO2 is 14C- and 13C-depleted) to follow the input of carbon into soil organic matter pools. Accurate assessment of the 14C and 13C inputs to soils by this pathway requires detailed knowledge of the isotopic composition of the soils before the experiments. We have examined the variability of δ13C in soil organic matter in 8 experimental plots prior to the beginning of the 1995-96 FACE experiments with wheat. δ13C variability was higher immediately after harvest of a previous crop in June, but the plots were much more homogeneous five months later immediately before planting. Intervening field management, including disking, plowing and installation of irrigation drip tape likely contributed to mixing the soils.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||4|
|Journal||Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms|
|State||Published - Mar 1997|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Nuclear and High Energy Physics


text:
MARIN COUNTY (KRON) -- The motorcyclist killed in a head-on collision Tuesday morning has been identified as 26 year-old Sergio Enrique Acosta III of San Rafael.
Around 10:30 a.m., Acosta collided with a septic struck on Highway 1 just south of Olema Bolinas Road in unincorporated Marin County, according to authorities.
Investigators believe Acosta crossed the center line into oncoming traffic when he hit a Coast Sanitary Service truck.
Acosta was pronounced dead at the scene, according to the CHP.
The crash closed the southbound lane of the roadway temporarily.
Authorities do not believe drugs or alcohol were factors in the collision.Bay City News contributed to this report.WHAT OTHERS ARE CLICKING ON:
- WOMAN MOVES INTO NEW HOUSE, FINDS NEARLY 100 SNAKES
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- RATTLESNAKE BITE ON MISSION PEAK SENDS HIKER TO HOSPITAL
- MOM STABS WOMAN DURING ROAD RAGE INCIDENT OUTSIDE SF SCHOOL
- HOW TO TURN A VIRAL VIDEO INTO CASH
- WHY SILICON VALLEY TECHIES ARE ‘MICRODOSING LSD'

domain: news


text:
Nakamura, Izumi*; Otani, Akihito*; Okuda, Yukihiko; Watakabe, Tomoyoshi; Takito, Kiyotaka; Okuda, Takahiro; Shimazu, Ryuya*; Sakai, Michiya*; Shibutani, Tadahiro*; Shiratori, Masaki*
Dai-10-Kai Kozobutsu No Anzensei, Shinraisei Ni Kansuru Kokunai Shimpojiumu (JCOSSAR2023) Koen Rombunshu (Internet), p.143 - 149, 2023/10
In 2019, the JSME Code Case for seismic design of nuclear power plant piping systems was published. The Code Case provides the strain-based fatigue criteria and detailed inelastic response analysis procedure as an alternative design rule to the current seismic design, which is based on the stress evaluation by elastic response analysis. In 2022, it was approved to revise the Code Case with improving the cycle counting method for fatigue evaluation to the Rain flow method. In addition, the discussion to incorporate the elastic-plastic behavior of support structures is now in progress for the next revision of the Code Case. This paper discusses the contents and background of the 2022 revision, the progress of the next revision, and future tasks.
Mohamad, A. B.; Udagawa, Yutaka
Nuclear Technology, 16 Pages, 2023/00
Choi, B.; Nishida, Akemi; Shiomi, Tadahiko; Kawata, Manabu; Li, Y.
Transactions of 26th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT-26) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2022/07
In order to improve the seismic probabilistic risk assessment method, the authors are developing methods related to realistic response, realistic resistance and fragility assessment for buildings and equipment that are important for seismic safety. In this study, in order to identify of building damage mode subjected to large seismic motions, pushover analyses using multiple analysis codes were performed using a 3D FE model of a reactor building. We obtained the analysis results for the identification of local damage mode that contributes to the fragility assessment. In this paper, we report the progress of local damage mode and ultimate strength of the building by the pushover analysis. We also compared this result with the seismic response analysis results.
Ichihara, Yoshitaka*; Nakamura, Naohiro*; Nabeshima, Kunihiko*; Choi, B.; Nishida, Akemi
Kozo Kogaku Rombunshu, B, 68B, p.271 - 283, 2022/04
This paper aims to evaluate the applicability of the equivalent linear analysis method for reinforced concrete, which uses frequency-independent hysteretic damping, to the seismic design of reactor building of the nuclear power plant. To achieve this, we performed three-dimensional FEM analyses of the soil-structure interaction system, focusing on the nonlinear and equivalent linear seismic behavior of a reactor building under an ideal soil condition. From these results, the method of equivalent analysis showed generally good correspondence with the method of the nonlinear analysis, confirming the effectiveness. Moreover, the method tended to lower the structural stiffness compared to the nonlinear analysis model. Therefore, in the evaluation of the maximum shear strain, we consider that the results were more likely to be higher than the results of nonlinear analysis.
Choi, B.; Nishida, Akemi; Kawata, Manabu; Shiomi, Tadahiko; Li, Y.
JAEA-Research 2021-017, 174 Pages, 2022/03
Standard methods such as lumped mass models have been used in the assessment of seismic safety and the design of building structures in nuclear facilities. Recent advances in computer capabilities allow the use of three-dimensional finite element (3D FE) models to account for the 3D behavior of buildings, material nonlinearity, and the nonlinear soil-structure interaction effect. Since the 3D FE model enables more complex and high-level treatment than ever before, it is necessary to ensure the reliability of the analytical results generated by the 3D FE model. Guidelines for assuring the dependability of modeling techniques and the treatment of nonlinear aspects of material properties have already been created and technical certifications have been awarded in domains other than nuclear engineering. The International Atomic Energy Agency performed an international benchmark study in nuclear engineering. Multiple organizations reported on the results of seismic response studies using the 3D FE model based on recordings from the Niigata-ken Chuetsuoki Earthquake in 2007. The variation in their analytical results was significant, indicating an urgent need to improve the reliability of the analytical results by standardization of the analytical methods using 3D FE models. Additionally, it has been pointed out that it is necessary to understand the 3D behavior in the seismic fragility assessment of buildings and equipment, which requires evaluating the realistic nonlinear behavior of building facilities when assessing their seismic fragility. In view of these considerations, a standard guideline for the seismic response analysis method using a 3D FE model was produced by incorporating the latest knowledge and findings in this area. The purpose of the guideline is to improve the reliability of the seismic response analysis method using 3D FE model of reactor buildings. The guideline consists of a main body, commentaries, and appendixes; it also provides standard procedures
Tasaki, Yudai; Udagawa, Yutaka; Amaya, Masaki
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 59(3), p.382 - 394, 2022/03
Abe, Yuta; Otaka, Masahiko; Sekiya, Naoki*; Makuuchi, Etsuyo*
Hihakai Kensa, 71(2), p.69 - 74, 2022/02
no abstracts in English
Udagawa, Yutaka; Tasaki, Yudai
JAEA-Data/Code 2021-007, 56 Pages, 2021/07
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has released FEMAXI-8 in 2019 as the latest version of the fuel performance code FEMAXI, which has been developed to analyze thermal and mechanical behaviors of a single fuel rod in mainly normal operation conditions and anticipated transient conditions. This report summarizes a newly developed model to analyze intragranular fission gas behaviors considering size distribution of gas bubbles and their dynamics. While the intragranular fission gas behavior models implemented in the previous FEMAXI versions have supported only treating single bubble size for a given fuel element, the new model supports multiple gas groups according to their size and treats their dynamic behaviors, making the code more versatile. The model was first implemented as a general module that takes arbitrary number of bubble groups and spatial mesh division for a given fuel grain system. An interface module to connect the model to FEMAXI-8 was then developed so that it works as a 2 bubble groups model, which is the minimum configuration of the multi-grouped model to be operated with FEMAXI-8 at the minimum calculation cost. FEMAXI-8 with the new intragranular model was subjected to a systematic validation calculation against 144 irradiation test cases and recommended values for model parameters were determined so that the code makes reasonable predictions in terms of fuel center temperature, fission gas release, etc. under steady-state and power ramp conditions.
Ichihara, Yoshitaka*; Nakamura, Naohiro*; Moritani, Hiroshi*; Choi, B.; Nishida, Akemi
Frontiers in Built Environment (Internet), 7, p.676408_1 - 676408_14, 2021/06
The objective of this study is the improvement of response evaluations of structures, facilities and equipment in evaluation of three-dimensional seismic behavior of nuclear power plant facilities, by three-dimensional finite element method model, including separation and sliding between the soil and the basement walls. To achieve this, simulation analyses of Kashiwazaki Kariwa nuclear power plant unit 7 reactor building under the 2007 Niigataken-chuetsu-oki earthquake event were carried out. These simulation analyses consider soil-structure interaction using a three-dimensional finite element method model in which the soil and building are three-dimensionally modeled by the finite element method. It is found that basemat uplift is generated on east side of the basemat edge, and this has an important influence on the results. The importance is evidenced by the difference of local response in soil pressure characteristics beneath the edge of basemat, the soil pressure characteristics along the east side of basement wall and the maximum acceleration response at the west end of the embedded surface. Although, in this particular study, basemat uplift, separation and sliding have only a relatively small influence on the maximum acceleration response of embedded surface and the soil pressure characteristics along the basement walls and beneath the basemat, under strong earthquake motion, these influences can be significant, therefore appropriate evaluation of this effect should be considered.
Yamaji, Akifumi*; Susuki, Naomichi*; Kaji, Yoshiyuki
IAEA-TECDOC-1921, p.199 - 209, 2020/07
The thermo-physical models and irradiation behavior of FeCrAl as defined by the benchmark organizer have been implemented to FEMAXI-7. Analyses were carried out firstly for the specified normal operation condition. Then, some sensitivity analyses were carried out with different assumptions and model parameters. Under the normal operating condition, the predicted FeCrAl cladded fuel performance was similar to that of Zry cladded fuel with notable, but not major difference regarding late gap closure. Under the simulated LOCA conditions, the burst pressure could be evaluated. The predicted cladding creep strain at burst was mainly attributed to creep strain with negligible plastic strain. Overall, FEMAXI-7 analyses have demonstrated excellent robustness and flexibility in modeling FeCrAl-UO system under normal and LOCA conditions.
Sano, Tomokazu*; Eimura, Takayuki*; Hirose, Akio*; Kawahito, Yosuke*; Katayama, Seiji*; Arakawa, Kazuto*; Masaki, Kiyotaka*; Shiro, Ayumi*; Shobu, Takahisa; Sano, Yuji*
Metals, 9(11), p.1192_1 - 1192_13, 2019/11
The purpose of the present study was to verify the effectiveness of dry laser peening (DryLP), which is the peening technique without a sacrificial overlay under atmospheric conditions using femtosecond laser pulses on the mechanical properties such as hardness, residual stress, and fatigue performance. After DryLP treatment of the laser-welded 2024 aluminum alloy, the softened weld metal recovered to the original hardness of base metal, while residual tensile stress in the weld metal and heat-affected zone changed to compressive stresses. The fatigue life almost doubled at a stress amplitude of 180 MPa and increased by a factor of more than 50 at 120 MPa. As a result, DryLP was found to be more effective for improving the fatigue performance of laser-welded aluminum specimens with welding defects at lower stress amplitudes.
Udagawa, Yutaka; Yamauchi, Akihiro*; Kitano, Koji*; Amaya, Masaki
JAEA-Data/Code 2018-016, 79 Pages, 2019/01
FEMAXI-8 is the latest version of the fuel performance code FEMAXI developed by JAEA. A systematic validation work has been achieved against 144 irradiation test cases, after many efforts have been made, in development of new models, improvements in existing models and the code structure, bug-fixes, construction of irradiation-tests database and other infrastructures.
Lacroix, V.*; Dulieu, P.*; Blasset, S.*; Tiete, R.*; Li, Y.; Hasegawa, Kunio; Bamford, W.*; Udyawar, A.*
Proceedings of 2018 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2018), 10 Pages, 2018/07
Dulieu, P.*; Lacroix, V.*; Hasegawa, Kunio; Li, Y.; Strnadel, B.*
Proceedings of 2018 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2018), 10 Pages, 2018/07
Choi, B.; Nishida, Akemi; Li, Y.; Muramatsu, Ken*; Takada, Tsuyoshi*
Proceedings of 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-26) (Internet), 9 Pages, 2018/07
After the 2011 Fukushima accident, nuclear power plants are required to take countermeasures against accidents beyond design basis conditions. In seismic probabilistic risk assessment (SPRA), uncertainty can be classified as either aleatory uncertainty, which cannot be reduced, or epistemic uncertainty, which can be reduced with additional knowledge and/or information. To improve the reliability of SPRA, efforts should be made to identify and reduce the epistemic uncertainty caused by the lack of knowledge. In this study, we focused on the difference in seismic response by modeling methods, which is related epistemic uncertainty. We conducted a seismic response analysis with two kinds of modeling methods; a three-dimensional finite-element model and a conventional sway-rocking stick model, by using simulated various input ground motions, which is related to aleatory uncertainty. And then we quantified the seismic floor response results of the various input ground motions of each modeling methods. For the uncertainty quantification related to different modeling methods, we further perform a statistical analysis of the floor response results of the nuclear reactor building. Finally, we discussed how to utilize the results from these calculations for the quantification of uncertainty in fragility analysis for SPRA.
Shirasu, Noriko; Saito, Hiroaki; Yamashita, Shinichiro; Nagase, Fumihisa
Proceedings of 2017 Water Reactor Fuel Performance Meeting (WRFPM 2017) (USB Flash Drive), 8 Pages, 2017/09
Silicon carbide (SiC) is an attractive candidate of accident tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding material because of its high chemical stability, high radiation resistance and low neutron absorption. FEMAXI-ATF has been developed to analysis SiC cladding fuel behaviors. The thermal, mechanical and irradiation property models were implemented to FEMAXI-7, which is a fuel behavior analysis code being developed in JAEA. Fuel rod behavior analysis was performed under typical boiling water reactor (BWR) operating conditions with a model based on a 99 BWR fuel (Step III Type B), in which the cladding material was replaced from Zircaloy to SiC. The SiC cladding shows large swelling by irradiation. It increases the gap size and decreases cladding thermal conductivity. The mechanism of relaxation of stress is also different from the Zircaloy cladding. The experimental data for SiC materials are still insufficient to construct the models, especially for evaluating fracture behavior.
Akita, Koichi; Shibahara, Masakazu*; Ikushima, Kazuki*; Nishikawa, Satoru*; Furukawa, Takashi*; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Harjo, S.; Kawasaki, Takuro; Vladimir, L.*
Yosetsu Gakkai Rombunshu (Internet), 35(2), p.112s - 116s, 2017/06
Ikushima, Kazuki*; Kitani, Yuji*; Shibahara, Masakazu*; Nishikawa, Satoru*; Furukawa, Takashi*; Akita, Koichi; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Morooka, Satoshi
Yosetsu Gakkai Rombunshu (Internet), 35(2), p.75s - 79s, 2017/06
Ikushima, Kazuki*; Shibahara, Masakazu*; Akita, Koichi; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Morooka, Satoshi; Nishikawa, Satoru*; Furukawa, Takashi*
Welding in the World, 61(3), p.517 - 527, 2017/05
In this study, first, an analysis method to predict the behaviour of residual stress distribution on shot peening process was proposed. In the proposed method, the load distribution on the collision of shots was modelled, and it was integrated with the dynamic analysis method based on the idealized explicit FEM (IEFEM). The accuracy of the proposed analysis system was confirmed by comparing the stress distribution on the collision of a single shot with the results analyzed by ABAQUS. The thermal elastic plastic analysis method using IEFEM was applied to the analysis of residual stress distribution of multi-pass welded pipe joint. The calculated residual stress distribution was compared with the measured residual stress distribution using X-ray diffraction (XRD). As a result, it was shown that the both welding residual distribution agree well with each other. Considering the calculated welding residual stress distribution, the modification of stress distribution due to shot peening was predicted by the proposed analysis system. As a result, the similar stress distribution with measurement by XRD was obtained in case that a large number of collisions are considered.
Ioka, Ikuo; Kuriki, Yoshiro*; Iwatsuki, Jin; Kubo, Shinji; Katsuyama, Jinya; Inagaki, Yoshiyuki
Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 3(3), p.15-00619_1 - 15-00619_8, 2016/06
The IS process for hydrogen production has been developed by JAEA as application of a high-temperature gas cooled reactor. The IS process includes a severe corrosion environment which is made to boil and decompose concentrated sulfuric acid. The two-layer pipe consisted of the Fe-high Si alloy with boiling sulfuric acid-resistant and the carbon steel with the ductility was produced by centrifugal casting. The evaluation of characteristics was carried out. The Fe-high Si alloy lining showed enough corrosion resistance in boiling sulfuric acid. As evaluation of the Fe / Fe-high Si alloy interface, thermal cycle test was executed. There was no detachment of the interface though the cracks were generated in the vicinity of the interface. It is believed that the cracks parallel to the interface is attributed to the tensile stress during the thermal cyclic test using FEM analysis and the flake graphite precipitate. It was confirmed that the interface possessed the enough strength.

domain: physics


text: The perfect way to hang your new beautifully embroidered vintage flag. Check out our new Black Label poles & fully adjustable bracket! Our brand-new exclusive Black Label Flag Poles are designed specific to keep your flags from getting tangled in the wind. The top part that holds the flag spins and stabilizes with the movement of the flag to keep it flying high and proud! It matches perfectly with our fully adjustable Black Label black adjustable bracket that adjusts to every angle so it can fit anywhere on your house or porch with ease. Check them out and buy your Black Label Pole today!

domain: design


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An interview with Nursing Manager Helen Sorby
May is Veterinary Nursing Awareness Month, a whole month dedicated to raising awareness of the veterinary nursing profession and the vital role they play in animal care and treatment.
What was started as an awareness day by the British Veterinary Nursing Association (BVNA) in 2005 quickly grew into a week and expanded even further to a month in 2012.
Helen Sorby is our Nursing Manager here at Paragon Veterinary Referrals and she kindly took time out to tell us about life as a vet nurse.
How long have you been a Vet Nurse and what training did you have to do to achieve your qualifications?
“I’ve been nursing in total for 15 years. I qualified and registered as a Veterinary Nurse seven years ago with Calder Vets. I passed a Level 3 NVQ in Veterinary Nursing through Calder Vets and attended block release study with Myerscough College over a two-year period. This allowed me maximum practical experience working in the hospital whilst studying a full-time course.”
What attracted you to a career as a Vet Nurse?
“I was always interested in animals, how the body works and medical conditions as I was growing up. I just wasn’t aware about the Veterinary Nurse profession and veterinary life in general.
“Through college I studied an animal management course and part and parcel of the course was gaining practical experience. I joined a vets practice to obtain work experience and my passion for animals was ignited and fuelled by my interest in the nursing profession while in practice.
“I combined the two passions and set off on my current career path. I then went on to getting paid employment in the same practice and started my journey as a trainee nurse.”
What are the best things about being a Vet Nurse?
“The best thing about being a vet nurse is the variety of cases and conditions we see on a daily basis. It’s the thought that what we do makes a real difference to the patient. I gain huge job satisfaction knowing I’m part of a team that makes a difference every day.”
What kind of attributes do you need to be a good Vet Nurse?
“You need to be a good team player, possess good communication skills and be hard working. You need to be able to step out of your comfort zone and have an endless passion for animals, being their advocate throughout their care during their visit. You always need to act in a professional, diligent manner.”
What advice would you give someone thinking about a career as a Vet Nurse?
“Veterinary Nursing is a very difficult profession to get into, so you’ll need to get as much work experience as possible, as this is a big advantage.
“You’ll need to get solid careers advice as you progress through school and college, get the qualifications you need at GCSE and college to give you the best chance of getting into higher education. If you don’t quite achieve the grades you need, don’t give up – it’s absolutely worth it.
“Also, always work hard, strive to develop and improve your knowledge within the profession. This will help you progress in the future to higher roles.”
What are the best things about working here at Paragon?
“The best things about Paragon are the team, the facilities and the chance to offer world-class care to our patients all under one roof.”
For more information on Vet Nurse Awareness Month, visit www.bvna.org.uk/about-us/veterinary-nursing-awareness-month.
If you’re interested in joining us as a Vet Nurse, we’re hiring! You can find more details about our vacancies and careers at Paragon here.

domain: medical


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20,000 More UK Smokers Quit in 2014 Thanks to Vaping
If you believe the stuff you hear about vaping in the media or from outspoken critics of the technology in public health and tobacco control, you’d think that e-cigarettes were going to be a bad thing for the population. With claims that vaping will serve as a gateway to smoking, will “renormalize” smoking or will undermine attempts to quit, it’s not too surprising that many are unsure whether e-cigarettes are a positive development at all. But the claims of gateways and renormalization are basically nonsense, and a new analysis of UK data has revealed that e-cigarettes have led to an additional 16,000 to 22,000 smokers quitting in 2014 alone.
Professor Robert West, the lead author of the study, commented “E-cigarettes appear to be helping a significant number of smokers to stop who would not have done otherwise – not as many as some e-cigarette enthusiasts claim, but a substantial number nonetheless.”
The Analysis – How They Came Up With the Estimate
Robert West and colleagues Lion Shahab and Jamie Brown used data from the Smoking Toolkit Study, basing the analysis on 2014 data because it’s the most recent year for which full statistics are available. The full paper gives a run-down of the various steps in the calculation – and is only short, if you’re interested in reading it – but basically involves using known statistics on the number of people who attempted to quit by vaping and on the success rates of e-cigs to come up with the figure.
First, they worked out the number of smokers who attempted to quit in 2014, which was 3.16 million. Of these, about 28 percent attempted to quit by vaping without using prescription medicines or behavioral support – equating to about 891,000 people. If they’d tried to quit cold turkey or using nicotine replacement therapy bought over the counter, about 5 percent of them would have been successful, but vaping increases quit-rates by about 50 percent, so the total quit-rate for these smokers would be about 7.5 percent. This means that 2.5 percent of them quit by vaping who wouldn’t have stopped otherwise, or about 22,000 people.
However, the rise in vaping has been accompanied by a decline in smokers using prescription medicines and behavioral support in their quit attempts. The authors note that the decline doesn’t perfectly match up to the rise in vaping, but if you assume that vaping is responsible for about 80 percent of the decrease, then the estimate can be updated to account for this. Using both counseling and medication is the best method of quitting, according to the evidence, so if vaping has taken some smokers away from this approach, then it would detract from the additional positive effect of vaping. With this taken into account, the number of extra quitters thanks to vaping reduces to 16,000.
Is 16,000 to 22,000 Too Low?
The authors note that the estimate of 16,000 to 22,000 is much lower than the estimate of 560,000 ex-smoking vapers in England, but present plenty of reasons for this difference. The calculated figure is only for quitters in the past year, so many of the additional ex-smoking vapers (who quit longer than a year ago) won’t be included, and about 9 percent of recent ex-smokers started vaping after quitting smoking (probably to avoid relapsing).
The biggest points that reduce the estimate are the fact that only about one-third of vapers who’ve quit smoking wouldn’t have been expected to quit cold turkey or using NRT, and finally, about 70 percent of recent ex-smoking vapers will relapse to smoking in future (this figure is based on existing knowledge about quitting smoking, not something specific to vaping). When these factors (and similar ones) are taken into account, the estimates are roughly in agreement with each other.
The assumptions do seem reasonable, although the idea that 70 percent of smokers to recently quit by vaping will return to smoking is questionable – after all, we’re still getting nicotine through a similar delivery mechanism, so you’d hope this would reduce that percentage a little.
In a blog post from the New Nicotine Alliance, they also point out that the success rates used as part of the study are probably (or at least hopefully) a bit of an underestimate compared to what would be expected with modern devices. They also point out that the decline in use of other quitting approaches could have been to do with something other than e-cigarettes, so in reality a larger proportion of the vapers might not have quit if it wasn’t for e-cigs.
These last few points are ultimately speculation, though, so they should be taken with a pinch of salt. In any case, an extra 20,000 or so quitters thanks to vaping is hardly something to balk at.
Expert Responses from the Science Media Center
The Science Media Center has published a couple of comments from Professors Linda Bauld (from the University of Stirling and the UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol studies) and Peter Hajek (from the Tobacco Dependence Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London) addressing the study.
Linda Bauld comments:
This study provides valuable ‘real world’ evidence on electronic cigarettes and smoking cessation. From these data, it is clear that electronic cigarettes are appealing to smokers trying to stop and have helped a significant number of people in England to move away from tobacco, a product that kills one in two of its regular users. […] This ‘consumer revolution’, as it has been called, may well be saving lives.
And Peter Hajek adds:
E-cigarettes have a potential to reduce smoking related morbidity and many smokers are successful in making the switch from smoking to vaping. Specialist smoking cessation services are currently not offering e-cigarettes and are seeing a marked decline in interest. This is unfortunate, as it is likely that even more smokers would switch to vaping successfully if e-cigarettes were combined with behavioural support that the services provide. Hopefully, findings like this will encourage the services to start offering e-cigarettes as a part of their overall toolkit.
Like it Or Not, Vaping is Having a Positive Effect in Society
Of course, these figures are only for the UK, and they aren’t as jaw-droppingly impressive as we might have hoped, but they still paint a clear picture: e-cigarettes are helping reduce the number of smokers. With tens of thousands of smokers who otherwise would still be smoking having successfully quit thanks to vaping in just one year, it is still excellent news.
The doomsday scenarios where more people vaping causes some catastrophic “renormalization” or impedes quitting are looking increasingly out of touch with reality. In the UK, vaping is being received very positively, probably thanks to Public Health England’s controversial decision to just tell the truth about what the evidence says – I wonder how things would improve in the US if public health types were able to forget about their ideology and give vaping the support it deserves.


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Isaiah 21 Commentary
Three prophecies: Babylon, Edom, and Arabia. Babylon is more interesting. The lines in this chapter appear to describe Belshazzar’s fall at the hands of the Medes. They are eating and drinking. They feel safe. But suddenly disaster strikes. God’s people can rejoice!
What does Babylon’s fall mean to the saint? Well, a time comes when the oppressor is destroyed. And to the Babylonian by heart? Whatever goes up must come down! The LORD is behind it all – operating through enemy and ally alike. Working through elements of nature as well as through human activity.
So significant was the fall of Babylon that the Book of Revelation repeats these words: “With a mighty voice he shouted: ‘Fallen! Fallen is Babylon the Great!’ She has become a dwelling for demons and a haunt for every impure spirit, a haunt for every unclean bird, a haunt for every unclean and detestable animal.’” Revelation 18 verse 2
Eventually, all evil will be punished. Babylon’s sin is idolatry manifesting itself as pride. “Is not this the great Babylon I have built as the royal residence, by my mighty power and for the glory of my majesty?” Daniel 4 verse 30.
The message is fully unpacked by the New Testament: “Come out of her, my people, lest you share in her sins, and lest you receive of her plagues.” Revelation 18 verse 4b.
Nothing has changed. The message still remains. Come out of your sinful existence and receive your salvation. Know that Babylon will one day be destroyed. The LORD has decreed.
There can be a temporal relief. Ask the question again and the same fate still awaits the wicked. The LORD will punish wickedness. Come out of her and be separate! The prophecy against Edom warns against complacency when the LORD gives temporal relief or success. Don’t mistake it for approval or for a permanent presence of ‘enjoyment’.
Isaiah’s visions go out to the international community. Yes. The peoples of this world receive their fate – but it is all to do with the Creator God’s decision. The time is rigidly fixed.
More resources visit http://www.lovingscripture.com

domain: christianity


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Sometimes, the hardest person to find a gift for is the one you know the best. Just ask blogger Arielle Charnas from Something Navy, who always has a tough time narrowing something down for her husband. To make things a little easier this year, we rounded up 10 gift ideas that are sure to be a hit with your partner. So whether your better half is a foodie, a traveler, or a kid at heart, there's something here that will please just about anyone.
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domain: relationship


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domain: finance


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Gambling Activity – What’s Online Gambling?
Gambling is basically the wagering of something of value or money on an unpredictable event, with the objective of winning something either on your own or by getting more money out of it than what you spent. Gambling therefore requires three components to exist: risk, consideration, and a payout. This short article will provide you with tips that may help you in your quest to are more successful in gambling. These pointers are mainly for newbies who are keen to begin with and learn more about gambling, but if you are a long-time gambler, then these tips will allow you to greatly.
Firstly, you should familiarize yourself with the various types of bets, including sports betting, internet gambling, craps, scratch cards, horse racing betting, and bingo. The more you understand about the game, the higher your chances of making better decisions. Online betting is quite much like regular betting except that you do not have to travel anywhere to put your bets; thus, you also save on time and money.
Gambling can also take place in many offline locations including land-based casinos, country tracks, and race tracks. As with online gambling, it is advisable to check with the laws of the positioning where you intend to play in order to avoid paying taxes or coping with unsavory dealers. In some states, laws against online gambling have already been introduced in order to protect the community from the harm connected with gambling sites. You may also want to check with your local government to ensure that gambling is permissible within the area.
Many countries have their own set of laws linked to gambling and, depending on those your country has, there could be some differences between international and domestic gambling. A very important factor is for certain: all countries have laws linked to wire acts and wagers and, if you wish to gamble offshore, consulting a lawyer experienced in international banking to be sure that your plan does not violate any laws. In the U.S., there are specific laws regarding online gambling and each state has its own laws concerning gaming.
While all forms of gambling are considered gambling, don’t assume all type is illegal. Professional gamblers can legally setup bank accounts and bet using their account instantly. Gambling in this way is considered “professional” gambling and the profits could be kept by the professional gamblers themselves. Gambling in a professional capacity is only a misdemeanor in a few states, while other states have managed to get illegal to put personal bets on a game of chance, just like the state lottery or state soccer games.
There are a variety of various kinds of gambling, including lotteries, bingo, raffles, and horse races. The most popular kind of gambling, however, continues to be on in the U.S. It really is known as poker. Poker is a game of skill where players put money into a pot that’s divided up and dealt out to the players. The ball player who makes the winning hand usually reaches keep all of the profit the pot. While some people have tried to go around the machine and play online poker for actual money, most states have managed to get illegal to operate this activity.
Many people also enter online gambling through the web. It is possible to either gamble via your personal computer or log onto 엠 카지노 an online casino website. Several websites offer a selection of gambling activities, including gambling through your computer. This means you log onto the website, pay the money that is required, and then bet your money on whatever activity you desire. You do not have to leave home to do this.
You might wish to check out the U.S. Senate Report on the Wire Act assuming you have further questions about the Wire Act. That law has been around for years and was intended to crack down on the sports betting industry. Today, there are new laws being written that will make the Wire Act a lot more strict and will probably ensure it is illegal again to operate gambling wagers over the internet.

domain: gamble