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Discussion of alcohol use and sexual assault is central to unraveling the problem of campus assault, but it is also paradoxically problematic. Focusing on alcohol use threatens to promote victim blaming of sexual assault survivors who were consuming alcohol, but considering the fact that on average, at least 50% of campus sexual assaults involve alcohol, failing to address this context will impede efforts to reduce prevalence of assault.
In her widely cited article, “Alcohol-Related Sexual Assault: A Common Problem among College Students,” Antonia Abbey, Ph.D. dived into the complex relationship between alcohol and sexual assault. Abbey proposed ten causal pathways that continue to capture the relationship between alcohol and sexual assault. You may notice that the following pathways capture a scenario in which the perpetrator is male and the victim is female. Though Abbey acknowledged that both male victims and female perpetrators of sexual assault exist, she explained: “Less than 5% of adolescent and adult sexual assault victims are male, and when men are sexually assaulted, the perpetrator is usually male. Thus, most research focuses on female victims and male perpetrators.”
1. Traditional Gender Role Beliefs About Dating And Sexuality
Traditional sexual norms dictate that men should pursue sex and that women should set the limits of sexual behavior. Santana and colleagues (2006) found that young men who adhere to traditional masculine gender role ideologies were more likely to have unprotected vaginal sex and perpetrate intimate partner violence. Data from interviews and surveys with college students suggest that traditional gender roles and alcohol consumption are also linked such that the ability to tolerate large amounts of alcohol is considered an expression of masculinity. Men who are drinking alcohol are more likely to act upon these traditional beliefs, as described below.
2. Men’s Expectations About Alcohol’s Effects
Men anticipate feeling more powerful, sexual, and aggressive after drinking alcohol, which can become self-fulfilling, even independent of the physiological effects of alcohol. A 2011 study of changes in alcohol expectancies found that men expected alcohol to facilitate positive sexual encounters and to give them “liquid courage” and these expectations were higher when participants had consumed alcohol than when they were sober. So positive expectations influence whether a person will drink and then once intoxicated, alcohol influences a person to perceive the effects of alcohol as even more positive.
3. Stereotypes About Drinking Women
Women who are drinking, especially in bars, are perceived as more promiscuous and sexually available. Abbey cited a quote from one of her studies in which a male college assault perpetrator justified his actions by writing “She was the sleazy type . . . the typical bar slut.” Unfortunately, there is evidence that women associate drinking with being sociable and attractive, and so a minimal effort to attract may be exaggerated into perceived intent to seduce and promiscuity.
4. Alcohol As A Sexual Signal
These stereotypes about drinking women are closely related to alcohol being perceived as a signal of sexual desire or availability. McAuslen and colleagues (1998) found that over 20% of men “thought verbal pressure was acceptable if either of them was drinking alcohol or if they met at a bar.” Recent experimental research by Koukounas, Djokic and Miller revealed that men attributed greater sexual intent to women in a video when they were merely holding a bottle of alcohol than when the women were holding a bottle of water, absent any other indicators of interest or of intoxication. Other research consistently shows that sober respondents are less likely to characterize a sexual assault as such when alcohol is involved, and rate the degree of necessary resistance from the woman as higher when alcohol is involved.
5. Men’s Misperceptions Of Women’s Sexual Intent
Gender roles construct men as sexual initiators and men may consequently be socialized to ascribe sexual meaning to situations. This gender role socialization has been implicated to explain a consistent finding in research: that men perceive a greater degree of sexual intent in women’s behavior than women do. Since alcohol disrupts higher order cognitive processes such as planning and problem solving, this issue is exacerbated by men’s alcohol intake. For example, survey research in 2007 revealed that frequency of drinking in dating and sexual situations was predictive of men inaccurately perceiving sexual intent. The perception of being “led on” by a woman increases the likelihood of men to commit assault.
6. Alcohol’s Effects On Men’s Willingness To Behave Aggressively
Alcohol increases aggressive behavior, and therefore the likelihood of assault, particularly if a male has felt led on. “Thus an intoxicated man is likely to focus on his sexual arousal and sense of entitlement rather than the potential pain and suffering of his victim or the possibility that he will be punished.” Recent research by Abbey in 2011 revealed that perpetrators who use victim impairment strategies have much more hostile attitudes toward women than non-perpetrators and perpetrators who use verbal coercion, and that they consumed much more alcohol than other participants during the sexual assault incident even though they have similar drinking levels in general. A review of the research literature on the effects of alcohol also revealed that intoxicated men are more likely than sober men to find use of force to obtain sex as acceptable and moreover, that these effects are strongest in men who have hostile attitudes toward women. These findings support Abbey’s earlier proposal that alcohol may exacerbate hostility/aggression in men and add to the risk of perpetration of assault in men predisposed to be sexually aggressive.
7. Alcohol’s Effects On Women’s Ability To Assess And React To Risk
Experimental research by Stoner and colleagues in 2007 revealed that when presented with a scenario depicting a male character making escalating unwanted sexual advances, women who received a high dose of alcohol reported much more uncertainty about his intentions and experiencing higher conflict about what they would do. Alcohol also makes women more likely to engage in consensual sexual activities such as kissing. In addition, alcohol makes women more likely to take risks they would normally avoid, such as riding home with a man they don’t know. Research by Abbey in 2011 revealed that sexual assault perpetrators who use victim impairment as a tactic are more likely to have engaged in some consensual sexual activities with the victim during the incident. Unfortunately, perpetrators often justify that consent in kissing and petting also constitutes consent for intercourse, even when they acknowledge that they know sex is unwanted.
8. Alcohol’s Effects On Women’s Ability To Resist Effectively
Alcohol inhibits motor skills that aid in a woman’s resistance to sexual assault. The research by Stoner and colleagues (2007) revealed that high alcohol dose not only increased uncertainty but also indirectly affected women’s resistance to unwanted sexual advances by reducing intents to resist assertively, increasing intents to resist passively, and increasing intents to consent. “Three-quarters of the college date rapists interviewed by Kanin indicated that they purposely got a date intoxicated to have sexual intercourse with her.” Lisak and Miller conducted research in 2002 with undetected rapists and found that 80% of those who committed sexual assault in their sample did so against women who were incapacitated by drugs or alcohol. Research by Abbey in 2011 found that some perpetrators of sexual assault continue to use victim impairment exclusively as a strategy to engage in sexual acts they know are against the wishes of the victim and feel no need to use physical force because the impairment of alcohol is sufficient for them to complete the assault.
9. Alcohol’s Effects On Perceptions Of Responsibility
In the Kanin study from above, 62% of perpetrators felt that they had committed rape because of their alcohol consumption. In contrast, women who are raped while drinking tend to blame themselves. Experimental research by Stormo and colleagues in 2006 revealed similar findings and that when both perpetrator and victim are portrayed as having equivalent levels of intoxication in acquaintance rape scenarios, study participants regularly place more responsibility on the female victim.
10. Peer Environments That Encourage Both Heavy Drinking And Sexual Assault
The Greek system and other organizations, such as some athletic groups, create norms around binge drinking to engage in “uninhibited behavior” including casual sex. A systematic review of research on athletic involvement indicated that sports participants drink more alcohol than non-sports participants and they are more likely to commit acts of violence (including sexual violence). Though fraternities do not condone sexual assault (for the most part—see the “rapebait email”), “Martin and Hummer (1989) argued that many fraternities create a social environment in which sexual coercion is normalized because women are perceived as commodities available to meet men’s sexual needs.” More recent research by Franklin and Bouffard in 2012 using path models to test the male peer support hypothesis confirmed that fraternity affiliation was a significant predictor of sexual assault, operating through alcohol consumption and peer pressure for sex.
Each of Abbey’s pathways have continued to be supported by subsequent research and moreover, very recent qualitative research supports her proposal that the real and perceived effects of alcohol and gender norms related to sexuality combine to support male dominance and facilitate assault against women. Though this reality of many interrelated causal pathways may seem too vast and intimidating to combat, this conceptualization of the relationship between alcohol and sexual assault gives multiple possible points of intervention to address campus sexual assault, from gender roles and sexual expectations to dangerous social environments.
Morgan Mohr is a Wells Scholar majoring in Political Science, History, and an individualized major in Feminist Policy.

domain: psychology


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The indigenous ballistic missile nuclear submarine INS Arihant successfully fired a nuclear-capable submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) in the Bay of Bengal on Friday MoD stated.
“The missile was tested to a predetermined range and impacted the target area in the Bay of Bengal with very high accuracy. “
“All operational and technological parameters of the weapon system have been validated,” the MoD said in a press statement on Friday.
“The successful user training launch of the SLBM by INS Arihant is significant to prove crew competency and validate the SSBN programme.”
A robust, survivable and assured retaliatory capability is in keeping with India’s policy to have ‘credible minimum deterrence’ that underpins its ‘no first use commitment,” the Ministry said.
The Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project, secretly produced the first indigenous nuclear-powered ballistic missile capable submarine in India, INS Arihant, launched in 2009 & commissioned in 2016.
The INS Arihant and its class of submarines are designated as "SSBN," which is the hull classification mark for submarines that can carry nuclear-powered ballistic missiles.
The Strategic Forces Command, a division of India's Nuclear Command Authority, is in charge of the SSBN's activities while the Navy is in charge of operating the ship.
India is now the sixth nation, after China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, to have nuclear-powered submarines equipped with ballistic missiles.


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VA: Aside from Coca-Cola, what other companies did YieldWise collaborate with to carry out this project?
MB: The Rockefeller Foundation is partnering with cross sectoral partners to provide the much needed solution to food loss. In Nigeria, we are working with farmers in the tomato and cassava value chains; in the tomato value chain we are working with the Dangote Group through Pyxera Global to buy tomatoes from farmers in bulk, thus providing sufficient supply for the Dangote Group’s tomato processing firm.
In Kenya, we are supporting the mango value chain and working with Technoserve to provide training and education to farmers on Post Harvest Loss (PHL) techniques and linking them to companies, such as Coca Cola, that are buying the mango puree/syrup from the farmers for their Minute Maid Juices.
In Tanzania, we are supporting the maize value chain and we are working with their government and WFP to provide PHL techniques for the safer storage of maize from the farms. At the farms, we are offering simple techniques such as PICS bags that store maize longer and fresher at a large scale level we are working with government to construct silos where maize can be stored especially during bumper harvests. The awareness and mobilization of the farmers has been done by AGRA.
VA: Behavioral change is very essential in putting an end to food waste and shortage. Is YieldWise involved with the governments of Nigeria, Kenya and Tanzania to aid in orienting people on food shortage?
MB: Yes, the foundation is working with governments to ensure these countries adopt post-harvest loss measures, through encouraging models and government policies that drive mutual economic growth, such as modern export policies. A key example is Nigeria’s Kano State, where our work is with Pyxera Global. Kano State will be among others in the federation to benefit from $1 billion secured by the Federal Government from the World Bank, African Development Bank and the private sector for the development of Staple Crop Processing zones. The Minister, has since requested the government of Kano State to allocate an additional 250 hectares of land for the project, which he said, would make Kano the hub of tomato production in Nigeria and its output would replace the current import of the farm produce from China and Italy.
Read the full interview at Architect Africa Online.

domain: agronomy


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Amazon To Spend $1 Billion A Year Producing Movies For Theatrical Release
E-commerce giant Amazon (AMZN) plans to spend $1 billion U.S. a year to produce movies that it will release in theatres around the world.
The world's largest online retailer is preparing to produce between 12 and 15 movies annually that it will release theatrically. That number of releases would put Amazon on the same footing as major Hollywood studios such as Paramount Pictures (PARA).
Amazon already runs the Prime Video streaming service and has been more open to theatrical releases of its films than its rival Netflix (NFLX). However, until now, Amazon has not invested much money in original movies for release in theatres.
Amazon is now ramping up its investment in original movies following its $8.5 billion U.S. acquisition of MGM, a Hollywood studio that is nearly 100 years old and owns franchise properties that include the Rocky and James Bond film series.
Amazon has been getting more ambitious with its entertainment content, recently releasing a Lord of the Rings TV series on Prime Video that reportedly cost $300 million to produce.
Movie theatres will likely welcome the new films produced by Amazon. U.S. ticket sales at movie theatres are currently 33% below pre-pandemic 2019 levels, according to box office data.
Amazon's stock is down 45% this year at $94.13 U.S. per share.
MENAFN provides the information “as is” without warranty of any kind. We do not accept any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information contained in this article. If you have any complaints or copyright issues related to this article, kindly contact the provider above.

domain: topicality


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You are here: / / / / Cubic Centimeters ⇄ Pounds
1 cm3 / cc = 0.0022 lb wt.
1 lb wt. = 453.59 cm3 / cc
Definition of cubic centimeters of water provided by WikiPedia
One cubic centimetre corresponds to a volume of 1 / 1,000,000 of a cubic metre, or 1 / 1,000 of a litre, or one millilitre (1 cm3 ≡ 1 ml). The mass of one cubic centimetre of water at 3.98 °C (the temperature at which it attains its maximum density) is closely equal to one gram.
Definition of pound of water provided by Merriam-Webster
any of various units of mass and weight; specifically : a unit now in general use among English-speaking peoples equal to 16 avoirdupois ounces or 7000 grains or 0.4536 kilogram

domain: chemistry


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During this series we have been looking at some of the species of cage and aviary birds that are available to us to keep, breed and trade. The good news is that the UK bird trade is going through a welcome revival with sales of birds and the required accessories increasing monthly. The numbers of and choice of species available is also increasing as more and more enter the fancy and breed at home. It is quite an exciting time.
It is important therefore for us as traders and keepers to understand the many species available to us, and that we are able to both care for these species and pass on the required information to the new keeper in order for that bird or birds to go to thrive in their news homes.
As previously stated, the English have had a long love affair with bird keeping with many of these people keeping parrots or parrot like birds. We only have to look at the vast numbers of budgerigars kept and sold over the past century to see that.
There are so many parrots and parrot-like birds available that it can all become quite confusing. Over the past few months we have looked at the smaller species, being Budgerigars, Lovebirds, Parrotlets and the Lineolated Parakeet. In this issue I want to look at a bird that is a little bit bigger but that retains the charm and low noise of the smaller birds. This is a delightful pet and it is called the Kakariki.
NATIVE NEW ZEALANDER
The Kakariki is a medium sized Parakeet that originated originally from the islands of New Zealand. A country that actually has very few parrot-like birds in comparison to Australia. The wild type bird is a vibrant green with a red cap and eye stripes for the red capped species and green with a yellow cap for the yellow fronted, these each occur on different islands. The name Kakariki is taken from the original Maori which means ‘little parrot’.
This is a larger bird that has a sleek long tail. The total length of the bird on average is around 10-12” and appears healthily rotund. The bird has been kept and bred in captivity for a very long time and with the lack of any wild collected imports over many generations from New Zealand it can now be viewed as being only available as truly captive bred. There are numerous colour mutations available at all times, mainly based on the lutino line and variations thereof.
Of course, and as usual, emerging new colour mutations can command high prices making them very desirable. Kakarikis have a large following around the world with some dedicated societies concentrating on their care and propagation.
The wild birds are very much under threat in their native land where deforestation and invasive predators have left only a few hundred birds. There does seem to be good news coming through now as the ‘Department of Conservation’ works to remove the predators and manage the forests seems to be enabling the birds to recover. As always this is a knife edge situation.
Quite the reverse can be said for captive numbers where they are increasing all of the time. This is a bird that is big, bold, friendly and easy to breed. As such they are available all year and for a relatively low price. No animal should be valued by price alone however, in terms of pet value they really do have it all!
DAY TO DAY CARE
The Kakariki can be kept in protected outdoor aviaries and indoor flights. They can also be housed in suitably large cages in the home as a pet bird. This is a species that like to scratch, dig and forage. They will typically dig and scratch around the floor and in the food pots, spreading the seeds and fruits far and wide so that they can pick out those that they require at that time. They are comical waddlers and fly very well. The need to fly in this species must be factored into their long-term care. Caged birds should be given access outside of the cage on a regular basis in order to stretch their wings in a safe and secure environment.
Kakarikis will both bathe in water dishes or baths and they will preen under rain or spray and it is important to feather health that they do. These birds will spend time preening, ensuring that the feathers are in good order and ready for flight. It is in these times that you will be able to easily see the coloration under the wings.
They should be fed a good quality diet of seeds both dried and sprouted alongside bird safe fresh fruits, a small amount of green foods and pulses. Grits and cuttlefish will need to be supplied at all times as will the standard iodine block. This is a bird thats wild ancestor spent long periods in direct sunshine, as always, we as forward thinking keepers learn from the wild variant in order to supply correctly for our captive charges. Good quality avian vitamins, direct unfiltered sunshine and or a specialist UVB emitting bird lamp is required all year.
The Kakariki is not a bird that ‘plays’ in the way that a Budgerigar or a larger Parrot will but they do chew. As such safe chew toys are essential alongside the cuttlefish. Natural and ergonomic perching should be supplied at all stages of the cage.
In terms of caging you should select a medium sized parrot cage that has an opening top or whole panel front door. This will allow the bird plenty of space to climb and be able to leave and re-enter the cage under supervised exercise and interaction times.
They can be kept together and are not known to be aggressive. They can be kept with other smaller safe species such as diamond doves and some finches in mixed aviaries.
The Kakariki is a not a talker, but when kept alone they will bond with a human keeper and become quite loving. The Kakariki is the perfect bird for someone that wants a friendly, quiet bird or for the beginner as they work their way up to the larger parrot. They can live for 12-15 years or more, becoming a real part of the family. They are not commonly hand reared as yet but young birds will tame down quickly if the keeper puts some time in each day.
You should be able to retail a single bird for under £60.00 with hand reared birds when available being roughly three times the value.

domain: biology


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As promised, here's the final 4 marvelous 'M' named dresses. Enjoy this stylish stroll down memory lane in our ongoing herstory of Cherry Velvet designs.
Fall 2022 introduced us to Margot, a versatile dress that is a dream to layer and style. Perfect for the office or a dinner date, this frock is an absolute charmer!
"A wise girl knows her limits, a smart girl knows that she has none." ~ Marilyn Monroe
Inspired by the one and only Marilyn Monroe, Diane designed the Marilyn dress as something she could imagine this icon wearing back in the 1950's. The original concept behind this popular style was to design a halter style dress that could be worn with a regular bra. She knew that having to find and buy a special bra just for one dress was neither practical or desirable. The Marilyn was created with straps that cover your bra plus a halter tie neck so you could wear a normal bra for support and still have the style of a halter neckline.
Birds have always captivated the hearts of Cherry Velvet gals and this print started the love affair. How much do you love this cute tie-neck back bow and the adorable 'Wind Song' print? The romantic vibe made it the perfect summer dress.
Marlene made a first appearance as one of our very first festive frocks for Holiday 2013. Marlene was a holiday party dress with a dramatic flounced hem of ruffled chiffon for added flourish.The original version was designed to add decadence to your evening look with beautiful damask and jacquard-like fabrics.
Marlene came back one more time in the Fall of 2019 with an updated new look. She now had Glow-In-The-Dark capabilities or a metallic shimmer. The sleeves offered coverage with a stunning neckline that really captured attention and this skirt looked beautiful with a crinoline.
Melody brought a Polynesian twist with a low cut sweetheart neckline, wide contoured straps, and an adjustable tie front which emphasized the bustline. A longer length skirt balanced out the design. She came in some seriously cute prints including the memorable "Tea Room" design. Diane has been looking for a 'tea' print for years and has finally found one that is particularly flirt-TEA and will be available this summer!
If you already have a best-selling Norma dress (more arriving soon) you'll imagine how cute it would be to have a variation that offered sleeves for cooler weather. Minerva was designed to accommodate a wonderful witch print from the Tula Pink fabric collection called De La Luna. This was an extra design challenge too because of the scale of the print. Diane designed the Minerva to have a solid colour bodice and a printed skirt.
The Miriam dress is another style inspired by a TV Show, The Marvelous Mrs Maisel. She was launched January 2024 alongside the Winifred. Both very similar with their wide square neckline, full skirt and cute short sleeves but the Miriam also featured playful decorative large buttons. A real treat for lovers of retro style!
Coco Jade and Coco Rouge featured a timeless tweed print inspired by Coco Chanel.
That's all of our 'M' dresses wrapped up for your enjoyment. Hope you are loving these fun chapters as much as we are. On to "N - O" next week!
XOX Cherry Velvet

domain: fashion


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Its solution requires much of the same algorithms of the 3x3x3 cube with a few extra ones thrown in at later stages. The difference here is that you are aiming for a white star instead. Note the inclusion of left, down and back sides contained within the FRU notation as we will be using these moving forward. Build a white star on top by filling in the gaps between the white and side centers with the matching colors. Now, we move onto the second layer. Place the solved star face-down and follow the left and right algorithms listed below in order to place the edges of the second face.
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It has a total of 50 separate pieces. The bigger dodecahedrons are called Gigaminx, Teraminx, Petaminx, Zettaminx, all the way up to the record-breaking Yottaminx image below. There are a few steps where you might get stuck but the algorithms below will help you go through the difficulties. Each letter means a clockwise rotation of the face, while apostrophes mark the anticlockwise turns.
Fill the gaps between the white and side centers with the matching colors. Second layer Turn the cube with the solved face down and use the same F2L algorithms that you already know from the 3x3 to solve the next set of edges. Third layer edges and corners This is the first step where you might need a little help, even if you know the 3x3 solution. Use the same method that you used for solving the white corners. The algorithm is the same with a small tweak: instead of making U2 we have to make U3 in the clockwise algorithm.
We can cycle three edges on the front face of the Megaminx in the desired direction with the algorithms below. The two algorithms are the inverse of each other. Cycle corners Positioning the last layer corners is the penultimate step before completing the puzzle. There are two algorithms that cycle the corners as shown on the image below.
How to Solve a Megaminx
Solving the Megaminx (Faster and Simpler)

domain: mathematics


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(MENAFN- ProactiveInvestors - UK) SDX Energy Plc (LON:SDX) has revealed it is withdrawing from the Bakassi West project, offshore Cameroon.
The partners in the venture had asked the Cameroon authorities for an extension to the current exploration phase, to allow further analysis following the Manatee-1 well.
Dana Petroleum, the project operator, wanted an extra year to complete analysis after Manatee-1 encountered a 26 metre gas bearing section but well bore conditions did not allow for a full suite of logging to be undertaken.
Analysis of the well''s lower intervals was inclusive, SDX noted.
The Cameroon authorities, however, have denied the extension request and have instead asked the partners to enter the next exploration phase which would mean commitments to drill another well.
"The Bakassi West concession is not a core asset to our business and we do not believe it would have been prudent to continue investing in it,'' said Paul Welch, SDX chief executive.
''The Bakassi West concession was acquired by SDX in October 2015 as a result of a merger between Sea Dragon Energy and Madison PetroGas.
''Whilst the concession was an exciting opportunity, it was fundamentally non-core, and our subsequent exit allows the company to focus all of our efforts on growing our high margin production business in our core assets across Egypt.
''We are continuing to move forward as planned with our operations in Egypt and I look forward to reporting on our progress in subsequent updates."
MENAFN provides the information “as is” without warranty of any kind. We do not accept any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information contained in this article. If you have any complaints or copyright issues related to this article, kindly contact the provider above.


Tuna is an important fish for people all over the world. Whether sought for an intense rod and reel battle by an angler or caught for sushi or canning, tuna is one of the most versatile and widely consumed foods around. Although there are many species of tuna, most people interact with the skipjack and albacore as they are the cheapest. Today, we are going to be exploring the differences between the Skipjack Tuna vs Albacore Tuna. By the end, you will know exactly what makes these fish unique!
Comparing a skipjack tuna and an albacore tuna
|Balaya, cakalang, katsuo, arctic bonito, mushmouth, oceanic bonito, striped tuna, or victor fish
|White tuna, longfin tuna
|Tropical and warm-temperate waters worldwide
|Worldwide in tropical and temperate waters, but has 6 distinct stocks in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, plus the Mediterranean Sea
|Length: 2.7 feet
Weight: 22 lbs
|Length: 3.3 feet
Weight: 75 lbs
|Dark-colored stripes along the lower half of the body.
|Incredibly long pectoral fins with no markings. The tail tip is usually white.
|Most commonly used for canning. Used in Japanese, Indonesian, and Hawaiian cuisine.
|Second most canned variety. Used for grilling and searing.
|2.9 million tons in 2018.
|250k tons in 2018.
The 6 main differences between a skipjack tuna and an albacore tuna
The main difference between skipjack and albacore tuna is their size, appearance, and culinary usage, especially in the United States. Skipjack are smaller, considered lower quality, and are caught in much higher numbers than albacore tuna.
Tuna is an interesting food as it can make up some of the most high-priced cuisines in the world or it can come in a can on a grocery store shelf. This variance is primarily due to the rarity and marketing of the species of tuna being caught. Most of the world’s tuna supply comes from skipjack tuna, with 70% of the US canned tuna market being entirely composed of skipjack. Albacore is generally marketed as a higher quality canned option than skipjack.
Both of these fish are top predators that live in tropical and temperate waters worldwide. Additionally, they often migrate together, with large tuna migrations consisting of multiple species of tuna. Skipjack and albacore are often seen swimming with one another, as well as larger, more prized tuna, like yellowfin and bluefin.
Despite their similarities, there are some clear differences between the two fish. Let’s take a look at the skipjack and albacore tuna to find out what makes them unique!
Skipjack Tuna vs Albacore Tuna: Common names
Fish go by a ton of names, especially when you move into different regions of the world. Cultures and languages all have names for things, especially when the fish is as widespread as the tuna is. The scientific name for skipjack tuna is Katsuwonus pelamis, but other names include balaya, cakalang, katsuo, arctic bonito, mushmouth, oceanic bonito, striped tuna, or victor fish.
The albacore tuna also has a few names that it goes by, albeit a few less than the skipjack. Its scientific name is Thunnus alalunga, but other names include the white tuna and the longfin tuna.
Skipjack Tuna vs Albacore Tuna: Distribution
Both species of tuna are recognized around the world. Despite this worldwide distribution, there are a few differences in the scale that they are found in certain regions. The skipjack tuna can be found in tropical and temperate waters worldwide. They often migrate and swim in groups, usually with other tuna species, including the albacore.
The albacore tuna also has a worldwide distribution. Like the skipjack, the albacore prefers tropical and temperate waters in the uppermost region of the ocean. There are six distinct stocks that are fished across the world, however. These six stocks have a particular distribution that they stick to and can be found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, plus the Mediterranean Sea.
Skipjack Tuna vs Albacore Tuna: Size
Skipjacks are among the smaller members of the tuna family. Still, these fish are quite large when compared to other fish that most people are familiar with. The skipjack usually grows to a length of 2.6 feet, but they can grow to 3.6 feet in rarer cases. Additionally, they weigh around 22 lbs but have been recorded as large as 76 lbs.
Albacore are also smaller when compared to other tuna species, but are still quite a bit larger when compared to the skipjack. Most albacore grow to a length of 3.3 feet, but some individuals have been recorded up to 4.6 feet long. Additionally, albacores usually weigh 75 lbs, with some record individuals weight up to 133 lbs.
Skipjack Tuna vs Albacore Tuna: Appearance
All tuna have similar features, but there are few easy ways to tell the difference between the skipjack and albacore. Skipjack have a dark striping pattern down both of their sides on the lower half of their bodies. Additionally, skipjack are almost always smaller than albacore.
Albacore tuna don’t have a striping pattern, or any pattern at all, across their body. The main feature distinguishing an albacore is its long pectoral fin. These fins give them the nickname “longfin tuna”, and reach between their anal fin and the fork of their tail.
Skipjack Tuna vs Albacore Tuna: Culinary usage
It’s important to know that cultures around the world use both of these fish for a variety of dishes. While the United States may consider one species higher quality than the other, that isn’t always the case around the world.
Skipjack is the most caught and consumed tuna worldwide. They make up 70% of the United States tuna canning industry and are known for flesh that breaks off into large chunks (perfect for canning). It is usually regarded as the lowest quality tuna in the US. Internationally, skipjack is eaten grilled, seared, and in a variety of cultural dishes.
Albacore is the fourth most fished tuna species and makes up around 20% of US tuna canning. It is often marketed as White tuna and offered as a higher quality alternative to skipjack. It is a bit firmer of a fish and is more often used in steak form and in dishes where structure is more important. Hawaiian, Indonesian, and Japanese cuisine all use albacore as a staple meat source.
Skipjack Tuna vs Albacore Tuna: Yearly catch
Skipjack was the most caught tuna species in 2018, with a haul of 2.9 million tonnes.
Albacore was the fourth most caught tuna species in 2018, with a haul of 235k tonnes.
Are There Nutritional Differences Between Skipjack and Albacore?
Yes. The main concern is about the mercury level in tuna, which causes people to question whether to buy white or light tuna.
White tuna is albacore only. While albacore and other tunas have about the same calories and protein, since albacore is a larger fish, it has higher levels of heart-healthy Omega-3 fats. It also has Vitamins D and B-12, selenium, and iron. However, albacore has three times the mercury of skipjack, which is used in canned light tuna.
Skipjack tuna is considered the healthiest tuna by the FDA, which gave it a “Best Choice” rating, but yellowfin and albacore are listed as “Good Choice,” so they are still acceptable, and in fact, are nutritious. As long as you don’t eat massive amounts of albacore (white tuna), you shouldn’t have anything to worry about. (By the way, bigeye tuna has the highest mercury level.)
The photo featured at the top of this post is © lunamarina/Shutterstock.com
Thank you for reading! Have some feedback for us? Contact the AZ Animals editorial team.


How often do you receive an email only to tell yourself that you’ll deal with it later? In my case it’s all of the time, I’ve become quite the master at sending apologetic replies to week old emails, but convincing someone that your dog walked over the keyboard, accidentally launching your emails and hitting the correct series of keys to mark all your emails as read is becoming more and more of a hard sell. I mean really, there isn’t any trust in today’s society…
My technique (before today at least), used to be to set any email I planned on answering later to unread, foolproof! As you might have guessed, not so much. When you receive as many emails as I do on a daily basis you get into the habit of skim reading subject lines, reading the important looking stuff and then hitting the magic “Mark all as read” button – bye bye carefully marked emails… The other option of course is to star your emails, for some reason I’ve never really been able to get into the habit of checking them, I’m evidently lazy at heart.
Enter the Snooze Your Email extension for Google Chrome. Currently it only works for “us cool kids” that use Gmail but support for other email services is said to be in the pipeline. Installing creates a snooze option within Gmail, giving you the option to snooze an email from a matter of minutes to days. Once the time’s up a notification will appear on your desktop (along with a alarm clock snooze-esque sound effect) and your email will revert to unread, fantastic!
In my opinion this option really should be baked into Gmail itself instead of needing a separate extension, fingers crossed it will be implemented in the future, but for the meantime I think this is a great alternative. Now all we need is an extension which responds to all of your emails for you, should be pretty easy….
You can install Snooze Your Email here.
Source – Addictive Tips


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Convert kilometer/minute (km/min) to knot (kn or kt)
Selected category: speed.
Definition and details for kilometer/minute (km/min):
Kilometer per minute (km/min) is a unit of velocity equal to 16.667 m/sec.
Definition and details for knot (kn or kt):
Knot (kn or kt) is a velocity unit used to express speeds at sea. Knot is equal to 1 nautical mile per hour or 1852 meters per hour.


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I have waist length, naturally curly, bleached blonde hair. I absolutely HATE the feel of any "product" in my hair when dry so I'm always searching for the next best thing to give my curls definition, without being crispy or sticky in any way. I discovered the old formula of this through MUA about 2 years ago & although I've bought many others in between (Paul Mitchell, Aveda, Fekkai, Bumble etc) I keep coming back to this. (I find the new formula to have exactly the same results as the old one, though I'm less keen on the slightly more "manly" fragrance of the new version). When I've washed my hair I wrap it in a towel just to absorb excess moisture for a few seconds, but still ensure my hair is wet (I find once hair is "towel dried" it's just too dry for the products to spread evenly & work their magic!) I always smooth an oil through my hair first (Organix at the mo, but Joico & The One 'n' Only argan oil are favorites, much better than Moroccan oil & a fraction of the cost). Then I smooth this through, from roots to tips. I don't use much, each squirt being about a 5p size & maybe use 6 squirts for my whole head of very long hair. Then just a quick scrunch to "boost" the curls & then leave to naturally air dry. The key is to be patient & wait until my hair is nearly totally dry before I even touch it. When it's at that stage (still the tiniest hint of damp, not bone dry) my hair does feel a little crispy & looks a little like an 80's wet gel perm, but then I do the magic bit.....! Just smooth the palms of my hands over the length my hair, which completely smooths away the crispy wet look & leaves me with stunning, beautifully defined, silky, shiny curls. I've tried various methods of styling my curls over the years, but this way leaves me with hair that causes random strangers to compliment it & ask where I've had it done"? It never fails to leave me with stunning curls that any top salon would envy. Will continue to re-purchase as every time I try something different (& don't get these results) I use this again & everythings back to perfect!
I bought this a few years ago when i had cut my hair short (just above shoulder length). It gave my curls great definition and hold, so recently i cut my hair short again and decided to repurchase as the product I was using on my long hair wasn't suitable. I'm not sure if the formula has since changed but this did not really do anything for me. I had to lather it through my hair and it did not give me any great definition and definitely no hold. Though my hair was soft, it did make it weighted and greasy after a day or two. Unfortunately i am no longer impressed with this product and would not repurchase.
My hair type is fine and this has transformed it from loose waves into much more tighter looking ringlets so it does reflect its name.
Only thing is the smell is a bit strong, but is worth putting up with.
Bought in Marbles for €17.50 or so. Worth it, but it does need a bit of gel or mousse to hold it for a few hours.
Being cursed with thick, curly hair I tried a billion products on the market trying to reduce humidity-induced frizziness. From the cheapest to the most expensive, so far nothing really worked.
Besides, my hair is also quite dry and this product, being a sort of gel did nothing against frizziness, felt very sticky and increased the dryness. It is also very expensive and I hated the round packaging.
Will never buy it again, although I am usually lucky with Redken products and most other products I used are decent / good quality.
I have quite coarse curly hair.. It needs product to have a lot of 'hold'. This product doesn't have it.. It might be very nice for a person with less wiry curls or even fine hair. I used it today and now that I'm home this evening. it looks like I didn't put any product in my hair this morning at all.. it's 'fuzzy' curls instead of defined.. Won't be using it again! Perhaps mix it with water for use in taming strays when i have my hair back.
This product is amazing! It brings out curl better than any product I've ever tried, it gave me curls I never knew I had. I applied it to wet hair by itself and air dried. I had actual "ringlets" when I usually just lave lazy loops. I do need a product on top for hold, I like to use Paul Mitchell Super Sculpt because it doesn't weigh my fine hair down. When my hair is dry I just scrunch out the crunch and my curls look awesome! It's taken me forever to figure out this curly air drying thing but I've finally found a combo that works.
This is the BOMB! I have fine, straight , highlighted hair and this gives me some curl where nothing else has ever done much. I blow dry my long side swept bangs and half dry the bottom ends just to get some water out and apply this serum and let it air dry I get gorgeous wavy curls. I will purchase this for as long as they make this because I have never been able to get much body let alone wavy curls without heat styling.
Redken has monkeyed with this product for years and I've gone along with most of the iterations. This version smells quite strongly (Chi-ish, cologne-like) but the formulation is still great and I'll continue to go with the program. The scent doesn't last long. Gives me very soft, shiny curls every time. 3a/Botticelli just below collarbone.
ETA the scent of the Curvaceous line has grown on me. Reminds me of the old Garden Botanika Spa line a bit.
Have been using this product for about 8 months or so and I absolutely LOVE it. I have naturally curly hair and this product really enhances my curls. In the warmer months I gently comb my towel dried hair and then evenly distribte this product, softly cup my hair from tips to root, then and let hair air dry. In the cooler months, I dothis same, but use a diffuser instead of air drying, This product really brings out the curl pattern, eliminates frizz, and leaves my hair soft. I have never been so happy with my hair as I currently am now. The last time I visited my salon while waiting for the stylist to cut my hair, I received several compliments on my curls.
The product inside the bottle is perfection. The bottle itself is fine - it dispenses the product, but I took off a star because the shape isn't really practical or space saving.
I am absolutely loving this so far. I have played with this just very quickly a few times in different ways and so far it's a total winner. It really encourages softer and tighter but silky looking and feeling wavy curls. I have not used this prior to blowdrying as l also try to baby my hair to preserve it's health so I cannot give feedback on how it performs in that manner.I like it even better with Moroccanoil as a pretreatment and I am very happy to have a new toy for my hair.
Edit to 5 stars, this is awesome even on dry hair. Love this look! So much easier than trying to beat my hair into submission with heat styling

domain: beauty


Wednesday Mar 30, 2022
An uncanny creature appeared on a beach in Australia's Queensland and left onlookers surprised, NDTV reported.
The video of the creature was posted by a user named Alex Tan on his Instagram.
The strange creature looks like a reptilian with loose limbs, a long tail, and lizard-like claws.
Alex said he was out on his morning walk when he bumped into it on the shore of Maroochydore beach in Australia.
“I've stumbled across something weird,” he can be heard saying in the video. “This is like one of those things you see when people claim they've found aliens,” Alex added.
Flies can be seen buzzing around the creature’s body.
“Extra-terrestrial,” the man said, ending the video.
Australian legend Steve Irwin's daughter Bindi, a wildlife expert, also commented on the post. A few said the creature looked like a wallaby.
It is not uncommon for locals, however, to discover such beings.
Previously, a few such creatures were found, one of which was identified to be a type of nudibranch or sea slug


The Lithuanian defence procurement agency has signed a contract with the Norwegian defense company Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace for two launchers of NASAMS air defense system. As announced by the Lithuanian Ministry of National Defence, the system will be transferred to the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
The Lithuanian defence ministry has stated that the value of the contract is EUR 9.8 million. The agreement is expected to be fulfilled within three months.
“We are purchasing updated NASAMS launcher systems, which are fully prepared for integration into the fire control units of the Ukrainian army. This will supplement and expand the existing NASAMS systems donated by Norway and the US,” said Arvydas Anusauskas, Lithuania’s defence minister.
Lithuania responded to an urgent request from Ukraine to strengthen air defences in the face of Russian attacks on military and civilian targets, according to a statement from the Lithuanian ministry.


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Atomic Force Microscopy Based Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Biology
AbstractMost biological phenomena occur at the nanometer scale, which is not accessible by the conventional optical techniques because of the optical diffraction limitation. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), one of the burgeoning probing techniques, not only can provide the topography characterization with high resolution, but also can deliver the chemical or molecular information of a sample beyond the optical diffraction limitation. Therefore, it has been widely used in various structural analyses pertaining to materials science, tissue engineering, biological processes and so on. Based on the different feedback mechanisms, TERS can be classified into three types: atomic force microscopy based TERS system (AFM-TERS), scanning tunneling microscopy based TERS system (STM-TERS) and shear force microscopy based TERS system (SFM-TERS). Among them, AFM-TERS is the most widely adopted feedback system by live biosamples because it can work in liquid and this allows the investigation of biological molecules under native conditions. In this review, we mainly focus on the applications of AFM-TERS in three biological systems: nucleic acids, proteins and pathogens. From the TERS characterization to the data analysis, this review demonstrates that AFM-TERS has great potential applications to visually characterizing the biomolecular structure and crucially detecting more nano-chemical information of biological systems. View Full-Text
Share & Cite This Article
Gao, L.; Zhao, H.; Li, T.; Huo, P.; Chen, D.; Liu, B. Atomic Force Microscopy Based Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Biology. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1193.
Gao L, Zhao H, Li T, Huo P, Chen D, Liu B. Atomic Force Microscopy Based Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Biology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(4):1193.Chicago/Turabian Style
Gao, Lizhen; Zhao, Huiling; Li, Tianfeng; Huo, Peipei; Chen, Dong; Liu, Bo. 2018. "Atomic Force Microscopy Based Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Biology." Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19, no. 4: 1193.
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.


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In our journeys of healing and self-discovery, we often explore various forms of medicine to restore balance and well-being. While traditional medicines like energy healing, movement practices, nature therapy, and plant medicines, such as mushrooms, play a significant role, there is one medicine that stands out as profoundly powerful at the Wild Shamanic Men’s Retreats - the medicine of brotherhood. Here we aim to shed light on the significance and transformative power of the medicine of brotherhood.
1. The Essence of Brotherhood:
Brotherhood encompasses the deep bond, support, and understanding shared among men. At retreats, men come together, individually seeking healing, growth, and connection.
Through shared experiences, mutual respect, and a safe space, the medicine of brotherhood allows men to explore their bodies, their vulnerabilities, their erotic nature and desires, and find solace in the company of like-minded individuals.
2. Creating a Safe Container:
Men's retreats provide a unique environment where participants can shed societal expectations and facades, allowing authentic connections to flourish. Brotherhood acts as a safe container, enabling men to express their emotions, fears, and struggles as well as their passions and desires without judgment. This sense of belonging and acceptance paves the way for profound healing and personal growth.
3. Support and Accountability:
Brotherhood offers a network of support and accountability, crucial components on the path of healing. Men often face societal pressures to be self-reliant and strong, which can hinder their ability to seek help. Within the medicine of brotherhood, individuals find encouragement and guidance to address their challenges and foster personal development and resilience.
4. Reflection and Mirroring:
Brotherhood provides a mirror for self-reflection and growth. By witnessing others' journeys and vulnerabilities, individuals gain new perspectives and insights into their own lives. This reflection helps men uncover hidden aspects of themselves, fostering self-awareness and facilitating profound healing at a deeper level.
5. Rituals and Ceremonies:
The Wild Shamanic Brotherhood Men's retreats incorporate rituals and ceremonies that harness the power of brotherhood. These practices create shared experiences, enhance connection, and evoke a sense of purpose and transformation. Brotherhood rituals, such as circles, storytelling, or rites of passage, strengthen the bond among participants and amplify the healing potential of the retreat. They can also be fun and sexy!
6. Lifelong Connections:
The medicine of brotherhood extends beyond the retreat experience, forging lifelong connections. The bonds formed during retreats often translate into ongoing friendships, mentorship, and support networks. These relationships provide ongoing nourishment and a sense of community, serving as a source of continued healing and personal growth long after the retreat ends.
While various forms of medicine contribute to our healing journeys, the medicine of brotherhood holds a profound and transformative power at the Wild Shamanic Brotherhood men's retreats. Through the sense of belonging, support, and shared experiences, brotherhood allows men to explore their vulnerabilities, foster personal growth, and establish lifelong connections. As we continue to embrace diverse healing modalities, let us not underestimate the tremendous impact that the medicine of brotherhood can have on our individual and collective well-being.


19/02/2024 | A new study warns against the profound effects of climate change on groundwater in coastal areas, which is an important water resource for millions of people. The work, led by the University of California in cooperation with other institutes such as the Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) in Bremen, brings together and evaluates current findings from 140 studies on the complex web of climate impacts and anthropogenic influences on coastal groundwater.
With almost 40% of the world's population living within 100 km of the Earth's coasts, groundwater in coastal areas plays a crucial role in the supply of drinking water and agriculture. In addition, groundwater is an important source of freshwater and nutrients for coastal marine habitats, but its exact influence is not yet fully understood. Groundwater in densely populated coastal regions, i.e. at the interface between land and sea, is very vulnerable to changes caused by climate change and humans.
Rising sea levels and coastal flooding as a result of global warming can cause seawater to infiltrate the groundwater and cause it to become saline. The groundwater supplies in coastal areas are then no longer suitable for daily use or irrigation in agriculture. In Germany, too, salinization of the coastal aquifers can be observed - these are the rock layers in which the groundwater circulates.
Many influences on coastal groundwater that have barely been researched should be urgently taken into account
The authors of the study point to other factors that have not yet been researched, such as changes in wind speed, ocean chemistry, coastal erosion and ice and snow melt, which can be attributed to climate change and have a negative impact on groundwater. Hurricanes lead to coastal flooding, rising groundwater levels increase coastal erosion, which in turn attacks the aquifers. Both lead to increased salt input.
While most research projects to date have focused on changes in circulation and distribution as well as salinity in groundwater, the study emphasizes that many often neglected aspects of chemistry and biology must also be taken into account. For example, changing physico-chemical conditions such as salinity, nutrient and oxygen content as well as temperature also influence the microbial communities in coastal aquifers.
Human-induced stressors such as groundwater abstraction and fertilizer use must also be considered, as they interact with climate change and amplify its effects. Co-author Kay Davis, marine biogeochemist at ZMT, warns: "Three percent of coastal groundwater systems are at risk of drying up completely by 2080, which would affect the freshwater supply of about 375 million people".
In view of this scenario, the study emphasizes how urgent it is to monitor both climatic and human-induced stress factors while taking into account hydrogeological, chemical and biological processes at the boundary between land and ocean. Such a holistic approach is essential to understand the changes in coastal groundwater and to support resource management.
Richardson, C.M., Davis, K.L., Ruiz-González, C., Guimond, J.A., Michael, H.A., Paldor, A., Moosdorf, N., Paytan, A., 2024. The impacts of climate change on coastal groundwater. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-023-00500-2


In the week since the Board of Education approved preliminary plans for a new building for New Lebanon School, the BOE and other town officials have appeared at odds over a crucial step in the building process -- deciding where the building should go. Now that might no longer be the case.
The selectmen and others say the school board needs to propose a site. Board of Education Chairman Barbara O'Neill has said in recent weeks that the school board does not have the authority to endorse a site. But, in an email Thursday to Greenwich Time, she said that the board had, in fact, recommended a site when it approved on Jan. 8 the preliminary plans for an approximately 58,000-square-foot building. That "Scheme C" site would be just east of the school's current building on Mead Avenue, on a plot of woodlands away from the William Street ball field.


We are pleased to announce the release of the FLIR M300 Series marine cameras. The successor to the industry-leading M-Series, the M300 Series deliver all-new awareness-enhancing technologies, safer navigation, and seamless integration with onboard systems.
The new M300 Series consists of five models featuring rugged and robust new pan and tilt housings – four models with the FLIR Boson™ 640 or 320 thermal camera cores, plus a new HD low-light visible-only model with 30X zoom. M300 Series also brings the introduction of FLIR Colour Thermal Vision™ to the marine industry. This multi-spectral imaging technology blends thermal and high-definition visible colour video for enhanced identification of buoys, vessels, and other targets at night.


text: Batik print mix lan hi-lo skirt. Inseam side pockets or outer side pockets. High front low back. Bali batik. 100 cotton. Hand wash or dry clean. Stylenspire is a bespoke brand that creates a mix of mod, chic, and afro-contemporary clothing for women. We tailor styles that represents a woman's individuality and distinguishes her to be a stylenspiration. We enjoy the use of african wax print and batik fabrics, with a strong western twist on our designs. Drawing inspiration from classics, trend, and the foundation of our african culture, the melding of these influences in our designs lends an interesting uniqueness to our fashionable creations. Size xs us 0-2 waist 27inches hips 35inches size s us 4-6 waist 29inches hips 37inches size m us 8-10 waist 33inches hips 39inches size l us 10-12 waist 35inches hips 41inches if your measurement is unique and differs from available sizes, we encourage you to contact us with detailed information on accurate sizing. Feel free to also include your measurements in the note section as you place your order.


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New Council Dumps Fayetteville City Manager
Posted December 2, 1997 12:00 a.m. EST
FAYETTEVILLE — Out with the old and in with the new. That seems to be the motto of the new city council in Fayetteville. The council wasted no time in dumping the city manager and then hiring a replacement.
You might say the new council picked up where the last one left off -- by making waves. this time around, however, there were no close votes. The old council created plenty of controversy during its last months, including hiring Ron Rabun as city manager by a 5-to-4 vote. But, much of that council is gone, and so is Rabun.
Only four of the 12 current council members are incumbents. Within twenty minutes of being sworn in, they gave city manager Ron Rabun the boot, by a 9-to-3 vote.
Mayor Pro Tem Milo McBryde says there's no need to waste time.
Incumbent Councilman Robert Massey voted to hire Rabun this past fall and says he stuck by him in Monday night's vote.
Rabun will be replaced by deputy city manager Roger Stancil. The council voted unanimously to give him the job. Stancil says he is committed to serving the community.
Mayor J.L. Dawkins says he's pleased with Monday's actions.
Rabun says he saw the writing on the wall and left town last week. He told WRAL-TV5'sRick Gall disappointed with the council's decision, saying he never got a chance to prove himself. He won't walk away empty-handed. Rabun will receive $55,000 in severance pay -- an amount he didn't come close to making on the job.
The council will delay hiring a deputy city manager in order to cover Rabun's severance pay.

domain: news


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20130308ACASDMin ACA Outreach: Hammond Hill Elementary Science Day, North Augusta, SC
Back in September 2012, Hammond Hill Elementary (of the Aiken County Public School system), won the prestigious National Blue Ribbon Award! This is the highest award given to schools hosting grades Kindergarten through the12th grade and is the result of extremely hard working students, teachers, parents, staff, community, and school administrators. In the spirit of applied educational diversity, the continuance of said educational excellence was on full display during Science Day 2013, at Hammond Hill Elementary, who administers local educational needs for K5 to 5th grade students. Based on the level of current educational achievement, the varying grades of students followed a specific curriculum of introductory exposures to a plethora of natural and man-made “experiences” which occur and/or are present in the world of scientific discovery and wonder. Such experiences included the man-made sciences of flight, electricity, health and nutrition, and medicine, while on the “natural” side of science, the students were likewise exposed to plant life, wildlife, the weather, and last but not least, “SPACE.”
As part of the 4th grade curriculum, six members of the Astronomy Club of Augusta were proud to present a multitude of day time astronomy experiences for the students. Believe it or not, there are many observable objects to see, learn about, and discuss in the light of day, with two of the most obvious objects being the sun and the moon. In “round robin” fashion, 5 work stations were set-up on the outdoor basketball court, which allowed the approximately 150 4th graders to see the moon, observe the sun, learn of the different phases of the moon and to identify the current phase of the moon which they saw, and play a game that reinforced a sense of direction and the importance of direction, when it comes to astronomy and navigation.
Stan and Kenneth Beard teamed up at one of the busiest stations to talk with students about safe ways to view the sun. Kenneth taught them how to use a multitude of viewing instruments. With #14 welding lenses and solar filtering glasses, the students could look at the sun directly. With the Darth Vader Bucket-head Viewer, students could look indirectly at the sun through a pin-hole camera obscura. Also observing the sun indirectly, Stan showed them sunspots with the Don Hostetler solarscope, and pointed out that the sunspots are bigger than Earth. Stan and Kenneth also pointed out that they could use these methods to view the solar eclipse coming August 21, 2017. The students enjoyed taking turns naming the planets in order of distance from the sun.
On to the “lighter side” of ACA’s Science Day participation, Ron Ferris brought his Solar Coronado Scope (A) and had it set up for direct viewing of the sun. By the use of a hydrogen-alpha filter (see the Appendix for details), all but one wavelength of the visible light spectrum is eliminated, leaving the viewer filled with the luminescence of a deep red object. Students could see real time events happing on the sun, including prominences, wavering at the solar edges, granulation, and a dark sun spot. Ron also let students view the sun with no magnification with the solar filter glasses. These were very popular.
At station Solar Simon Says (B), Steve Drake led the game where the students played a modified version of Simon Says, but with compass based directional commands, in relationship of the earth to the sun and the moon to the earth. Steve used command terminology for the 4 major points on a compass (NESW), and also included relative terms of axis, rotation, spin, orbit, meridian, and azimuth.
Each class was divided into two groups, culminating in two winners for each classroom. Each winner received a compass for being the best at following and knowing their directions. At the end of the day, the two winners, from each classroom competed for the grand prize of a remote control solar system for their classroom. After the dust settled, Ms. Pope’s 4th grade championship duo of Shane and Braden won the finale. It's hard to say whether the kids or the adults had more fun. But one thing is for sure, the children definitely have more energy! Many thanks to Steve for supplying these prizes.
Tedda Howard was ever the educational leader with her presentation of the moon. Her students used sun and shadows to confirm NESW directions, helped each other find the moon naked-eye, and determined its current phase while learning the vocabulary to describe the differing phases of the moon. They also learned how the lunar maria were formed, the names and locations of the largest 12 that we can see, and other major landmarks such as Tycho, Kepler, Grimaldi, etc. Lastly, they learned how the moon progresses across the sky, with Mare Crisium rising first and always in the lead until it sets first, while Oceanus Procellarum is always following behind.
Tedda also provided preparation and diplomatic services with the school that helped our program run smoothly. Aiken County School Board member Keith Liner visited our program in progress and seemed to enjoy and appreciate our effort and results. One of the TV stations also came by. We were particularly appreciative of good school organization. Parent volunteers brought most of the students to us, and took our information back to teachers. We appreciated two high school seniors, nice young men who helped us carry telescopes, tripods, stools, T-posts and pounder, binoculars, solarscope, water, and more. A special “shout-out” goes to parent volunteer Chris Altman, who, despite near loss of his voice, assisted Steve in the set-up, “herding” of students, and dismantling of equipment. God Bless and Get-well soon! These school volunteers helped us reach many young children and open their minds to the vast opportunities for scientific observation, exploration, and discovery in their future.
If you are interested to participate in our outreach program for National Astronomy Night on April 20 at the Ruth Patrick Science Education Center (RPSEC), please sign up now. You can read more about it on our Calendar of Events for 2012-13. It is a great experience for all.
Hope to see you then and there!
20130309ACADVMin ACA Dark Sky Star Gaze: Messier Marathon, Globe at Night Project
The Astronomy Club of Augusta met at NMR-DSO for dark sky observation on March 9, 2013. Twelve members attended.
The club members brought a considerable variety of equipment to view the heavens. Stan set up the club 500mm Genesis Refractor Telescope, club 8” Meade Reflector Telescope, and his Sky Master Celestron Binoculars 15 x 70, and his 12 x 63s. John used 8 x 50 and 15 x 70 Orions. Mark M. brought an 8” Orion Telescope. Pat’s set up included a Celestron C8 Edge with a CG-5 computerized mount. Mike was using an Oberwerk BT 100 Binocular Telescope, and Dot used her new tripod with her Oberwerks 20 x 80 binoculars. David P. was thrill to have a good site for his 14" Schmidt Cassegrain.
The sun set quickly, the sky was fairly clear, and we all set out to work on our lists. One of the first finds was the brightest open cluster M45 the Pleiades (Seven Sisters). In Orion we saw Betelgeuse, Bellatrix and Rigel as well as M42 (the Orion nebula) just below the belt. Continuing on to Lepus we spotted the Globular Cluster M79. Working off of Sirius we found the 6th magnitude open cluster M46 and the 5th magnitude open cluster M47 as well as M41. Using Capella as a guide M36, M37 and M38 were identified in Auriga. As the Big Dipper danced across the sky we spotted Polaris, “arced to Arcturus and sped on to Spica”.
At about 8:30 John W. asked us to compare our view of Orion with his picture charts, for the International Globe at Night Research Project. It was quick and easy to do. John submitted our data to GatN, and will let us know to total results when GatN publishes them.
We took a break around 9pm to warm up and feast on chili, cornbread, chip cookies with green icing, and hot chocolate with pumpkin spice marshmallows, with many thanks to our hosts Tedda and Stan for the wonderful hospitality.
While she had a captive audience, Tedda gave us an update on the club’s successful participation at Science Day 2013 at Hammond Hill Elementary School (please see the minutes above dated 3/08 for details). Tedda noted that on March 12 John W., along with other club members, will participate in a similar program at Evans Elementary School (see minutes below).
Other announcements included:
• March 22nd 7:00 PM at RPSEC: the program will be “Reaching for the Stars: Interstellar Space Travel” presented by Dr. Clayton Heller please plan to join us for an interesting and fun evening.
• April 20th is National Astronomy Night at RPSEC – volunteers are needed for station masters and assistants on the lawn to share astronomy topics – please sign up to help out.
• July 24 – 27th ALCON 2013 which will be held in Atlanta this year – Ten people have signed up to go so far. Please sign up at the next meeting if you are interested – more information to follow as it is known.
Stan shared news of the PanSTARRS comet that will be visible after sunset this month – we all will be watching for it. Tedda added a model of the asteroid Ceres, made by Elizabeth H., to the solar system display in the breezeway (many thanks Elizabeth). When we returned outside we found a cloud-covered sky bringing an enjoyable and productive evening to an end for many.
20130312 School Outreach: Evans Elementary
Astronomy Club of Augusta
Dear Mr. White,
The teachers and education support professionals at Evans Elementary in collaboration with Evans High School, appreciate what you have done to help us sponsor Starry Knight: A Stellar Night of Science on March 12. Working as a team, we got the word out about the importance of children's learning through science experiences.
During Starry Knight: A Stellar Night of Science, parents and children enjoyed a completely free night of fun! Children and parents together shared refreshments, swapped books, created crafts, chose from more than 14 different activities that all focused on exploring our world, and won door prizes.
We want to thank you for your contribution that helped make this event possible. You helped us remind parents of the crucial role they play in their children's education. Thanks again for helping us celebrate the joy of science and working with us to motivate our children to explore our world on March 12th and every day. We appreciate you!
Marilyn Huff Gail Sims
Evans Elementary Evans High School
March 18, 2013
PS. Thanks Mark M. for helping also. Tedda
The Astronomy Club of Augusta held its monthly meeting on March 22, 2013, Fri.7PM at the RPSEC. Seventeen members welcomed 17 guests, two of whom joined as new members, for a total of 34 in attendance.
Sign-in and sign-up sheets were available for the coming year's activities in the lobby. Boarding passes were issued to all attendees! Kenneth introduced our speaker, Dr. Clayton Heller, Physics Dept. Chair & Planetarium Director at Georgia Southern University, who took us on a fascinating ride into Interstellar Space, with a practical assessment of the types and challenges of travel, and the possibilities of other galactic life colonies. It was a great ride. Stan videoed parts of the presentation.
Many thanks to Kenneth for delicious refreshments. It was too cloudy for lunar observing, so we stayed and talked for quite a while.
20130312-17 Observing Comet PanSTARRS
Stan and Tedda observed Comet PanSTARRS every night at NMR-DSO with binoculars, telescopes, and Camcorder. Stan made a short video of the experience to show at our March 22 meeting. Kenneth, Lalit, Simar and Sabi all came to view it. The weather was cold at first, then exceptionally pleasant and clear. John W. and Mark M. saw the comet at the lake. Pat saw the comet in Aiken. Doug N. saw it in Charlotte and sent two nice photos. Since then it has been too cloudy locally.
The Nominating Committee for 2013-2014 includes Wes Sloan, Mark Moffatt, and Vic Hardy.
Wes has recently taken ill and will not be able to serve.
Mark Moffatt has agreed to act as Committee Chair.
Mark and Vic will contact you to ask for your service as an officer and as a member.
They will also ask you what you would like and what you can do best this coming year.
Please think about this now and be prepared to assist them to the best of your ability.
If they have not reached you by April 15, please email them with your thoughts and/or a good time to call you.
They will present the slate on April 20.

domain: astronomy


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You must still learn more regarding lawyers even if you do not require one appropriate away. The attorney you choose out is the person that will aid you to win an instance, so you need to choose one in a wise way.
A family doctor is not constantly your finest option. You might have an excellent lawyer you trust, yet do not think twice to employ a specialized attorney if you need aid with a concern your attorney has no experience with. Do not be reluctant to ask your usual legal representative for a reference.
While it's true that you are the employer in a client-lawyer relationship, you have to likewise have faith in your lawyer's understanding. You are however one of the many instances they manage.
Beware about handing retainer cash money over. You ought to ensure any kind of cash that isn't used will certainly be refunded back to you if your lawyer requires a retainer for your situation. You also intend to ask around, as many legal representatives want to take small retainers and afterwards charge you the difference.
When picking an attorney, make certain to investigate their credibility as much as feasible. The Internet will help you do this, as will certainly the bar association near you. You will conserve yourself a great deal of time, aggravation and also cash, down the road.
A certain lawyer is wonderful, however one that guarantees you a win before you even authorize a contract with him is not the lawyer you wish to choose. There are way too many unknown variables in play to make any kind of guarantee, so pick an attorney that wants to be honest with you rather.
Ask those you recognize for their lawyer recommendations. Individuals you would never have actually expected to recognize a great lawyer, might have the best link of all.
When speaking to an attorney, do not be scared to request an explanation concerning anything you do not understand. Attorneys tend to speak to words many people do not make use of on a daily basis. It's vital that you understand every little thing they are telling you, as you need to know every information about your situation.
Do not underestimate the value of your lawyer's character. A hostile attorney can be a benefit but a confident and knowledgeable lawyer might aid you win your case also. You should consult with different attorney and also discover one that has the kind of individuality and approach you require for your situation.
If you're taking part in a company lawful case, only pick a lawyer that recognizes all about your area of work. If they do not, will they find out about it by themselves, unpaid time? Otherwise, seek a lawyer that already has tried situations for organisations like your very own.
Do not bring anything in extra of what is pertinent to your situation. You do not need to bring an attorney for small cases, but it might be advisable.
Never work with a legal representative who calls you after you have actually remained in an accident. Trustworthy and commendable lawyers wait for clients to call them once they tool they want to submit a lawsuit or discover themselves in lawful trouble. An attorney that calls you first undoubtedly can not rely upon their good methods to discover clients.
Take time to carefully take into consideration each possible lawyer before choosing on a lawyer. Take into consideration if they often tend to maintain appointments or frequently reschedule them.
When you are buying a house or various other building, you should consider working with an attorney to make certain every information of the agreement is done appropriately. If you are offering a property, the same is true. The additional expenditure is well worth recognizing there will certainly be no future shocks for you.
Think about the different specialties in law when searching for the appropriate lawyer. Not all attorneys are produced equal and your specific case may call for particular credentials and experience. Search low as well as high up until you discover an attorney that is well qualified to serve your private situation as well as represent you effectively in a court of law.
We need lawyers today. Use the tips below to divorce attorney in 75374 make the finest decision possible if the time comes when you need a good lawyer.

domain: law


The VERCORS experimental program was launched in order to study radionuclide release from standard PWR fuels and quantify the corresponding source term in severe accident conditions. Performed by the CEA, it forms part of a larger program concerning reactor accident studies funded by the IRSN in collaboration with EDF. Twenty-five experiments have been performed leading to a large database regarding release of fission products and actinides from UO2 and MOX fuels under several types of atmosphere. The fuel burn-up ranges from 38 GWd/t to 70 GWd/t. Nearly all the tests were performed in such a way as to measure with some accuracy the fuel temperature. The present paper gives an overview of the program (i.e. sample and loop description, general FPs behavior), with emphasis on the potential effect of UO2-ZrO2-FP interactions on fuel collapse temperature.
* CEA Cadarache, ** IRSN Fontenay-aux-Roses, *** IRSN Cadarache,


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Dementia (1955) | Dir. John Parker| 56 min.
Every day in October, a recommendation from John D’Amico of a horror movie or TV episode available for free on YouTube. Enjoy:
Very strange 1955 silent film about a woman going crazy. A healthy dose of noir, mixed with exploitation cinema, mixed with expressionism. Interesting cinematography from the guy who lensed most of Ed Wood’s output—this must have been like a vacation for him.
Wood had a flat tableau style—this is much more dynamic and strangely lit. It has a strong though small cult following of which I’m not exactly a part, but it’s a hell of a striking little movie and it’s unlikely you’ll encounter too many quite like it. It’s also the movie playing on the screen when The Blob eats that movie theater!

domain: movie


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Organic Living in Guatemala
Guatemala: a diverse country that produces a wide variety of agriculture. Visitors are delighted at the taste of a “real fruit” or the sweetness of local tomatoes. At our Lake Atitlán hotel some of our guests have even accused us of putting sugar into a smoothie because the fruit is so naturally sweet.
Many are now paying attention to the products they eat, yet to fully sustain our bodies with radiant health, it is important to pay as close attention to the products we apply to our skin, hair and nails.
Just because your skin-care line comes in a beautifully packaged container does not mean it is safe. Quite the opposite. Read the label, if you can. In North America, government regulations allow virtually any ingredient to be used in the manufacture of products that we use daily on our skin, hair and nails.
Most cosmetic companies try to offer products that are not irritating, so they feel good at first use. However, over time, the chemicals they contain will add a toxic load into your body’s vital organs. Research clearly shows the connection between commonly used chemicals found in soaps, shampoos and skin creams, and many see the wisdom of organic body products.
Check your label and you may find these harmful ingredients that are the most common found in body products:
Mercury (causes kidney damage); Dioxane (a form of known toxin formaldehyde); Nitrosamines (liver carcinogen); DEA (carcinogen); Cyclomethicone (a clear, odorless silicone); Ammonium laureth sulfate (can cause eye and skin irritation, suspected human carcinogen); Polyethylene glycol or etheylene (carcinogenic to humans).
Most of these compounds are absorbed easily by the skin, yet the body has no way of ridding itself of them. The toxins eventually get spread through the body and can damage organs. We all know that a healthy diet is important, so is de-toxing the very products we use to keep ourselves “looking healthy.” An easy detox program can actually be relaxing and rejuvenating. However, what makes our body healthy is not only what we put inside it but on it as well. Using organic skin-care products is more than an option. It is a very real necessity that is gentle on our internal organs and allows us to handle the stress of daily life with greater ease and grace.
Why all the fuss? The epidermis (skin) is the largest organ of the body. It easily absorbs anything that is applied to it—lotions, creams and other skin products. Because the skin is so highly absorbent, we suggest avoiding applying anything you are unwilling to eat. The next time you read a label for a product, use our simple rule: If you can eat the ingredients, you can use it on your body. That simple.
At our Avesa Oasis spas in Lake Atitlán and La Antigua Guatemala, we took time and care to develop products that we simply could not find elsewhere. We wanted to be sure that the ingredients were sustainably produced; local farms supported; and a cottage industry flourished. It took time to find the right combination, and the results are worth it. Guatemala offers so many choices and varieties of ingredients.
From a very special and mineral-rich black salt to macadamia oil and organic coffee and cocao, our spa products are natural, fresh and truly nourishing to the health of your skin … and your body.
When you want a healthy body and healthy skin, remember that it is not only what you put inside that matters. What you apply on your skin matters as well; while here in Guatemala try to take advantage of our fresh and healthy fruits and vegetables. Remember to drink plenty of water and exercise daily as you explore our beautiful country.
If you want the best for your body and your skin, then make sure that you use only natural skin-care products with products you can pronounce and eat! It really is that simple.
www.LakeAtitlanSpa.com, email: email@example.com