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According to data from 2016, approximately 10 million people used firearms for hunting, more than 50 percent of all hunters participated in target shooting, and 22 percent of hunters visited shooting ranges (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2018).
- 1 How often are guns used for hunting?
- 2 How many people use guns for recreational use?
- 3 How many guns should you own?
- 4 How many people use guns in self defense per year?
- 5 What percent of murders involve guns?
- 6 Is it illegal to own too many guns?
- 7 How many guns is considered an arsenal?
- 8 How many pistols can I own?
- 9 Are guns necessary for self-defense?
- 10 Are guns good for self-defense?
How often are guns used for hunting?
Gun use also varies along key demographic, social and attitudinal dimensions. Overall, about a third of gun owners say they go hunting often (12%) or sometimes (22%), while roughly half say they go shooting or to a gun range with some frequency (13% often, 40% sometimes).
How many people use guns for recreational use?
2 The United States is unique among wealthy nations in its vast private inven- tory of firearms. The nearly 200 million guns in private hands are used in part for recreation, mostly hunting and target shooting.
How many guns should you own?
Bottom Line. As a general rule: One gun per capable adult in group. Type: Handgun as default, long guns for special circumstances or terrain. Keep all guns identical to ease logistics.
How many people use guns in self defense per year?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, almost every major study on defensive gun use has found that Americans use their firearms defensively between 500,000 and 3 million times each year.
What percent of murders involve guns?
Statistics. Unlike other high-income OECD countries, most homicides in the U.S. are gun homicides. In the U.S. in 2011, 67 percent of homicide victims were killed using a firearm: 66 percent of single-victim homicides and 79 percent of multiple-victim homicides.
Is it illegal to own too many guns?
Currently, California law generally prohibits people from purchasing more than one handgun from a licensed dealer per month,19 and restricts dealers from selling a handgun to a buyer if they are notified by the California Department of Justice that the buyer has already applied to acquire another handgun from a dealer
How many guns is considered an arsenal?
According to the dictionary, “arsenal” describes a facility for the storage of military weapons, which implies hundreds, or maybe thousands. Five guns is not even a decent collection, much less an arsenal.
How many pistols can I own?
Is there a limit on the number of handguns that I can own or purchase? There is no limit to the number of handguns that you may own but you are generally limited to purchasing no more than one handgun in any 30-day period.
Are guns necessary for self-defense?
The facts of the situation are always very important when it comes to questions of self-defense. If an attacker waives or shoots a gun, pulling a gun or shooting back usually will constitute self-defense. In some situations, using a gun in self-defense also may be appropriate even if the aggressor does not have a gun.
Are guns good for self-defense?
Most gun owners state they use their guns for protection, hunting, and competition, and many people collect or inherit guns. Guns empower people who might fall victim to criminals, and thus firearms are ideal as self-defense weapons.

domain: law


ZGM Horizontal slurry pump
Type ZJ High Head Slurry Mining Pumps 1. Large Capacity, High Head 2. Lower abrasion rate, long life for wet parts. 3. Short delivery time.
Type ZJ High Head Slurry Mining Pumps
1. Large Capacity, High Head
2. Lower abrasion rate, long life for wet parts.
3. Short delivery time.
The ZJ series Slurry Pumps , which are created by Hebei Tongda Pump Co.,Ltd, is a new generation anti-wearenergy saving, slurry pump.The ZJ series pumps used international advanced solid-liquid two-phase flow theory and were designed using the Minimum-Wear Principle. The flow parts of this pumps are suitable for the flow of state media for its set shape,which reduces hydraulic loss of eddy and impact,both in pump and along the pipeline;so reduced friction of flow parts,lower noise and vibration of the pump translates into improved hydraulic efficiency.
The ZJ series pumps are cased in hard-alloy which is a high anti-wear and high anti-corrosive impact resistance material,which means the pump will have a longer service life.Inaddition,this series pumps used an automatic reduced pressure system to avoid liquid leakage.
The ZJ series slurry pumps are widely used in mining,metallurgy,power,coal and building material sectors. The ZJ series pumps are suitable for handling abrasive and corrosive solids-bearing slurry with maximum concentrations of wt.45%(ash) and wt.60%(ore).
We have all kinds of ZJ series slurry pumps,all of which can be made of directly driven(DC),directly driven via hydraulic coupling(HC),belt driven,and they can be operated in tandem and parallel positions according to the requirements of the customer.
Flow: 4-2700m ³/ h
Maximum solid particles: 7-220mmkeywords：
- ZJ HORIZONTAL SLURRY PUMP


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The contents, which are correlated with national curriculum standards for personal finance, math, social studies, economics and English, include:
Lesson 1: Needs are YES. Wants are MAYBE.
How to prioritize your needs and wants.
Lesson 2: Only borrow what you can pay back tomorrow.
The difference between buying with cash and buying with credit.
Lesson 3: Earn it. Don't burn it.
Why you should spend less than you earn.
Lesson 4: Pay yourself first.
The importance of starting a savings habit.

domain: economics


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Chicken sausages served on potato buns and topped with mustard-flavored mashed potatoes and your choice of condiments will put the fun in hot dogs.
Posted: Oct. 9, 2013
| Cooks I Like
We’ll help you get dinner on the table in no time flat.
Get recipes that work for your busiest days.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and helpful cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for just $7.99!
Read our allrecipes.com blog

domain: food


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The The Oaks Hotel is located in Telford making it one of the best hotels to stay at while in town. All hotel's guestrooms have all the conveniences expected in a hotel in its class to suit guests' utmost comforts. The guestrooms are equipped with television, shower, coffee/tea maker.
Originally built in 1831 as the hunting lodge and family retreat of the Duke of Sutherland, Lilleshall Hall is now better known as Lilleshall National Sports Centre. Set in quite spectacular and secluded surroundings in the heart of Shropshire's glorious countryside, Lilleshall is now a flagship residential training complex and an award winning Centre of Excellence. The Centre has been sympathetically adapted over the years to provide a truely unique range of sporting, conference and accommodation facilities and services.
Sheriffhales is a scattered village in Shropshire, England, 6 km north - east of Telford, 3 km north of Shifnal and 5 km south of Newport.

domain: travel


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Kamehachi has many options to make your next party a success. Sushi, appetizers, salads, noodles and entrees for delivery or served with your very own sushi chef (other event staff also available to serve, bartend and keep your party running smoothly). Choose from our catering menu, or customize your own menu and platters!
Interested in having a group dinner in our Old Town or Northbrook restaurants? Private or semi-private spaces, available to host your next gathering.
Email firstname.lastname@example.org for inquiries and more information
Sushi Chef Catering
In home or on-site sushi chef catering is available for your private parties! We offer a variety sushi platters, catered lunches, and custom bento boxes available for your special events.


Continuum Mechanics: Progress in Fundamentals and Engineering Applications
by Yong X. Gan
Publisher: InTech 2012
Number of pages: 158
Unlike classical Continuum Mechanics books, this book summarizes the advances of Continuum Mechanics in several defined areas. Emphasis is placed on the application aspect. The applications described in the book cover energy materials and systems (fuel cell materials and electrodes), materials removal, and mechanical response/deformation of structural components including plates, pipelines etc.
Home page url
Download or read it online for free here:
by Jerrold E. Marsden, Tudor S. Ratiu - Springer
This volume contains much of the basic theory of mechanics and should prove to be a useful foundation for further, as well as more specialized topics. As the name of the book implies, a consistent theme running through the book is that of symmetry.
by Rudra Pratap, Andy Ruina - Cornell University
This is an engineering statics and dynamics text intended as both an introduction and as a reference. The book emphasizes use of vectors, free-body diagrams, momentum and energy balance and computation. Intuitive approaches are discussed throughout.
by Michael Spivak - University of Georgia
Contents: The Hardest Part of Mechanics (The Fundamentals); How Newton Analyzed Planetary Motion; Systems of Particles; Conservation Laws; Rigid Bodies; Constraints; Holonomic and Non-Holonomic Constraints; Statically Indeterminate Structures.
by E.R. Hedrick, O.D. Kellogg - Ginn and company
It has been the practice at the University of Missouri to follow the course in sophomore calculus with several weeks in applications to mechanics, a subject rich in the kind of material desired. This book is a formulation of the work there attempted.


Accuracy International 6434PB: AXSR/AXMC .338 Lapua CIP Magazine - Pale Brown (10 Round)
This item may be restricted in your state. Please make sure it is legal in your area before purchase. Magazine Restrictions.
Unfortunately I didnt get to use these mags, so I cannot speak to their true functionality. But, they appear very high quality. I ordered them because no one was able to tell me if they would fit a Ruger Precision 338 LM; these mags will not fit it.


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Signature Member of the National Watercolor Society
Through his award winning art, Gary Spetz attempts to enhance the viewer's appreciation of the colors, shapes and designs that surround us. Gary travels extensively in his quest to both collect painting materials and find new paths to explore. In truth, he enjoys the "going to" as much as the painting process, itself. As an avid outdoors enthusiast, he hikes, skis, sails, and kayaks through the landscapes that he paints.
Gary is a "Signature Member" of the National Watercolor Society. He is a graduate of the University of Minnesota who, over the years, has achieved numerous acceptances into the prestigious "Top 100" National Park painting collections of the National Park Academy of the Arts . He has also been featured in 98 national PBS television episodes (American Public Television) pertaining to learning watercolor and art travel. Many articles of his work have appeared in Watercolor, Artists, and Watercolor Magic magazines. And his work has been published in the books, Searching For The Artist Within and Art From The Parks.
When not "in the field", Gary and his wife reside in northwest Montana.

domain: painting


The Multilink FWM024X is a compact wall mount fiber distribution unit designed to support patching and splicing in one unit. The unit has 4 adapter panel positions allowing for a wide variety of fiber termination connector types and is equipped with a double door maintaining separation and security for the Network and Distribution sides of the termination panels. The FWM024X is a member of a larger family of Fiber Distribution Units.
|Dimensions:||10.8" H x 12.0" W x 4.0" D|
|Capacity:||The unit can support patching or patching and splicing|
|-||Terminations: (4) Multilink Termination Panels (see individual panel capacities),|
|-||Splices: Up to 24 single fused fiber splices using two 1120-SSTA splice trays|
|Material:||16 Gauge Steel|
|Coatings:||Electro statically applied polyester powder coat|
None available at this time.
In this tutorial, we will show you how to fusion splice two fiber optic strands together.


New MXC™ Adapters
The LAAD-MXC adapters are the first solution designed in conjunction with US Conec to accommodate their MXC™ connectors using OptoTest’s large area adapter interface.
Fiber Optic News Connection
Easy access to Fiber Optic Tutorials, Technical Training Lessons, and the latest Industry Related News.
High Performance Cables
OptoTest’s High Performance Cables are manufactured with reference ends that are certified to exceed the FOTP171A (A2.2.1) standard.


Native Shrubs & Ground Covers Range
Plant Description: This is an extremely compact form of Westringia that provides great colour contrast with its grey foliage and white flowers. It is the perfect native compliment for Ozbreed Aussie Box® Westringia 'WES02' PBR, and is the ideal native alternative to English Box.
Height & Width: 30-45cm high x 30-45cm wide (unpruned), 30cm high x 30cm wide (pruned).
Foliage: Stunning grey foliage that contrasts well with green plants.
Flowers: White flowers from September to May.
Uses: Small formal/informal hedges (also as a border plant, in containers and for mass planting).
Position & Tolerances: Full sun to light shade. Very frost and drought tolerant. Will tolerate periodic wet feet, a unique characteristic for a Westringia.
Soil Type: Suits most soil types, will work in sandy to heavy clay soils.
Best Planting Time: March to November.
Planting Density: 2-3 plants per linear metre (3-6 plants per m²).
Where it thrives: QLD, NSW, ACT, VIC, TAS, SA and WA
Pruning: Prune to shape 1-3 times per year after flowering. More frequent pruning will provide a tidier hedge or shape. This plant can be left unpruned and will retain a naturally tidy, compact ball shape.
Establishment & Extra Care:
- Water as required for 8-13 weeks until established.
- Plant in a well mulched garden, a chunky mulch is recommended.
- Use slow release fertiliser in spring, if required.
Purchase Grey Box™ Westringia Online from:


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For cat lovers, a year of extraordinary feline portraits, filled with attitude and charisma. Each captures the complex beauties of the cat in its many beguiling forms. Some are cute: An almond-eyed tabby peeks out from under a rug. Some dramatic: A black cat leaps across an all-white room. Some dignified and stately: Gaze into the intense blue eyes of a Devon Rex. Artfully composed and photographed in full colour or black and white, each image finds the soul of its inimitable, irresistible subject.
Publisher: Workman Publishing

domain: photo


Concordia University retained Mackenzie to design a new sports soccer and baseball field facility. The University desired a facility that would attract talented athletes and serve as a source of pride for both the University and the surrounding community.
The field orientations and dimensions for the 1,200-seat stadium were based on Concordia University staff recommendations and NCAA/NAIA standards. Though the soccer and baseball fields are combined, the design provides two distinctive atmospheres. For instance, the soccer and baseball fields have separate entrances and entry plazas, and separate seating, press boxes, and ticket and concession stands.
In order to create a first-class facility, attention was given to specific urban design elements, respectful to the surrounding community. This included an enhanced campus entry given the field’s location at the main approach to the University; the use of building materials reflecting the existing adjacent historic masonry structures; decorative paving for the baseball and soccer field plaza entries and crosswalks; and quality fencing materials to direct access to entry points and provide controls for use.
Concordia University is a growing school situated in a residential NE Portland neighborhood. Because of its location, development of the stadium required a strategic communication approach with the neighborhood association. Mackenzie’s land use and transportation planners devised a Special Events Management Plan (SEMP) outlining operational issues (such as hours of operation, number of annual events, noise, and on- and off-site parking management plans) to satisfy both the neighborhood and the University, thereby ultimately receiving neighborhood support, project approval, and an on-schedule project. They also assisted in the vacation of Liberty Street between the library (another Mackenzie project) and stadium to accommodate increased parking demands and new circulation patterns.


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S.C. mayor: I don’t want ‘queer’ marriage ‘rammed down my throat’
WEST UNION, S.C. — A small town mayor in South Carolina has come under fire for a Facebook rant in which she derided gay rights and marriage equality, and repeatedly referred to gays as “queers,” using the term in a derogatory manner.
Linda Oliver, mayor of West Union, S.C., made the remarks on Facebook earlier this week after the county clerk in nearby Buncombe County, N.C., accepted marriage license applications from 11 same-sex couples on Tuesday.
“What’s it gonna take to get these queers to realize they don’t need a piece of paper. God will not bless their union because he plainly speaks against queers in the Bible. Want to cover your queer with insurance? Buy a policy. Want your queer to get your stuff when you die? Make a will,” Oliver wrote on Facebook (her remarks since deleted).
Oliver later told WHNS-TV she didn’t want same-sex marriage “rammed down my throat.”
“All I can say is if people want to crucify me that’s fine. I know that following Jesus, I’m going to be crucified,” Oliver said. “I got lambasted because I quoted the bible and stuff like that on Facebook and that’s the way I feel.”
Now, a Facebook page has been created, calling for Oliver to be ousted from her job as mayor, and Oliver says her feelings are hurt.
She said she didn’t mean any harm, and that queer is a word she heard growing up.
Watch a report from WHNS-TV:
While the term “queer” has more recently been used as an umbrella term for sexual and gender minorities that are not heterosexual, heteronormative, or gender-binary, critics say the context in which Oliver used the term is offensive to the LGBT community.
The term is generally controversial because it was re-appropriated to an extent in the 1990s from its widespread use as an anti-gay epithet.
In the late 2000s (decade) and early 2010s, a number of internet communities (including LGBTQ Nation) began using the term “LGBTQ,” the “Q” standing for “queer,” to represent forms of sexuality that fall outside of the original LGBT framework, in order to promote awareness and acceptance of these forms of sexual identity.
Openly gay legislators rally to remove defunct same-sex marriage bans from Virginia law and constitution
“There are a number of Republicans, even those are against LGBT equality, who do accept that fact that the Virginia state code books should say what is the law and not what isn’t the law…”October 19, 2016
- New Study: large majority of Americans support LGBTQ nondiscrimination laws, oppose ‘bathroom bills’, August 26, 2016
- HRC goes on the offensive against Alabama judge who defied SCOTUS marriage ruling #NoMoore, August 4, 2016
- Joe Biden officiates wedding of two male White House staffers, August 2, 2016
- Prev Thomas Roberts to host Miss Universe in Moscow to give LGBT Russians ‘hope’
- Next Study: An estimated 1.4 million Latino/a adults in the U.S. identify as LGBT
- Back to top
- Split comedy EP recording is last stop before local comic undergoes bottom surgery
- Orlando City Soccer Club dedicates stadium seating section to Pulse nightclub victims
- ‘After Orlando’ unites theatre companies around the country (and here in RVA) to honor lives lost in the nation’s largest mass shooting
- FKA Twigs hosted a free dance class in Baltimore and made a documentary of it
- Bullied teen’s attempted suicide spurred canceled GSA event at VA Beach high school

domain: sociology


Problems continue to plague the popular Loggerhead Marinelife Center in South Florida with reports its entire medical staff will be gone by May.
After water quality issues remain a concern for the rehabilitation center and attraction in Juno Beach, the center once again has no sea turtles on site, according to a report from WPTV.
The center has been a working hospital that takes in all species of sea turtles for more than 30 years.
WPTV reports that all of the veterinary hospital section of the center have either left or given notice. Last week there were only four sea turtles utilizing its 26 rehab pools, but now there are none.
“At this time we do not have any sea turtle patients in our hospital,” a notice on the center’s website reads. “We’re incredibly proud that our Hospital team cared for 83 sea turtles (plus 704 hatchlings!) in 2021. We’re eagerly standing by to rescue and respond to the next sea turtles requiring care, and putting the final touches on our stunning new outdoor sea turtle hospital, which will open soon.”
One of the vet techs from the center told WPTV that water quality issues such as fluctuating salinity have continued to plague the center. One of the four turtles was released back into the Atlantic Ocean while the other three were relocated to sea turtle rehab facilities in Boca Raton and Clearwater, the station reported.
The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission told the station that no further sea turtles can be taken in by Loggerhead until its water quality issues, and now veterinary staffing issues are dealt with.
With more than 300,000 annual visitors, it’s among one of the most popular destinations in Palm Beach County. Construction to expand the center has been ongoing for a couple of years with a goal of a larger sea turtle hospital with more tanks for more patients as well as more space for exhibits, guest lecturers and research laboratories.
The center stated on its website that efforts will continue on sea turtle research, conservation and education outreach as the nesting season approaches. The attraction remains open with daily programs and tours despite no patients on site. Admission is free but a suggested $5 donation is encouraged per visitor.
Read more on WPTV.com.


OWNED BY CAT TERRY TOWEL - dual purpose
Terry Towels for Cat Lovers
This dual purpose kitchen towel is the perfect combination of fun and functional. One side is a flat weave cotton perfect for drying glassware. The other side is a super absorbent terrycloth, perfect for everyday use. I am happily owed by a cat is printed on this fun cat themed towel.
- Material: 100% cotton
- Size: 16" x 26"
- Sentiment: I am happily owned by a cat


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Alfred Hitchcock adapts Noël Coward’s melodrama about a divorced woman rejected by society.
“Easy Virtue is possibly the finest example of the purely literary film-making so prevalent in England during the twenties. Yet Hitchcock raises it above the norm”. Richard A. Harris, Michael S. Lasky, The Films of Alfred Hitchcock, 1976
Based on Noël Coward’s stage hit, Easy Virtue offers another early example of one of Alfred Hitchcock’s favourite themes, the ‘wrong man’ (or in this case woman), forced to become an outsider because of universally presumed guilt.
After Larita Filton (Isabel Jeans) is unjustly accused of having an affair, her husband divorces her and she flees to the South of France to escape the publicity. There, she falls in love and hopes to start afresh – but her would-be fiancé’s mother has other ideas when they find out about her past. Although regarded as one of Hitchcock’s lesser films (not least by the director himself), partly owing to censorship that limited the original play’s critique of sexual mores, Easy Virtue nevertheless contains some witty visual flourishes.
Noël Coward’s plays have inspired many acclaimed and successful movies, including the Oscar-winning Cavalcade (1932), the witty Blithe Spirit (1945) and, most famously, the classic British romance Brief Encounter (1945).
Cast & credits
- Larita Filton Isabel Jeans
- Aubrey Filton Franklin Dyall
- Claude Robson, the co-respondent Eric Bransby Williams
- the plaintiff's counsel Ian Hunter
- John Whittaker Robin Irvine
- Mrs Whittaker, John's mother Violet Farebrother
- Colonel Whittaker, John's father Frank Elliott
- Marion Whittaker Dacia Deane
- Hilda Whittaker Dorothy Boyd
- Sarah Enid Stamp-Taylor
- [telephonist] Benita Hume
- [man exiting tennis court?] Alfred Hitchcock
- cast member Ben Webster
- Photography Claude Mcdonnell
- [Editor] Ivor Montagu
- Art Director Clifford Pember

domain: movie


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Assessment of human body influence on exposure measurements of electric field in indoor enclosures
de Miguel-Bilbao S, García J, Ramos V, Blas J. Assessment of human body influence on exposure measurements of electric field in indoor enclosures. Bioelectromagnetics. 2014 Nov 14. doi: 10.1002/BEM.21888. [Epub ahead of print]
Personal exposure meters (PEMs) used for measuring exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) are typically used in epidemiological studies. As is well known, these measurement devices cause a perturbation of real EMF exposure levels due to the presence of the human body in the immediate proximity.
This paper aims to model the alteration caused by the body shadow effect (BSE) in motion conditions and in indoor enclosures at the Wi-Fi frequency of 2.4 GHz. For this purpose, simulation techniques based on ray-tracing have been carried out, and their results have been verified experimentally.
A good agreement exists between simulation and experimental results in terms of electric field (E-field) levels, and taking into account the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the spatial distribution of amplitude. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test provides a P-value greater than 0.05, in fact close to 1. It has been found that the influence of the presence of the human body can be characterized as an angle of shadow that depends on the dimensions of the indoor enclosure. The CDFs show that the E-field levels in indoor conditions follow a lognormal distribution in the absence of the human body and under the influence of BSE.
In conclusion, the perturbation caused by BSE in PEMs readings cannot be compensated for by correction factors. Although the mean value is well adjusted, BSE causes changes in CDF that would require improvements in measurement protocols and in the design of measuring devices to subsequently avoid systematic errors.
Director, Center for Family and Community Health
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
Electromagnetic Radiation Safety
News Releases: http://pressroom.prlog.org/

domain: physics


Investigate the densities, composition, and relative age of continental (felsic) and oceanic (mafic) rocks. Explain why the continental crust, although thicker in most places, overlies oceanic crust. Use this information to explain why oceanic crust subducts below continental crust in convergent plate boundaries and explain the configuration of land masses and ocean basins.
Science is a human endeavor involving knowledge learned through inquiring about the natural world. Scientific claims are evaluated and knowledge changes as a result of using the abilities and understandings of inquiry. The pursuit of scientific knowledge is a continuous process involving diverse people throughout history. The practice of science and the development of technology are critical pursuits of our society.
Scientific inquiry involves asking scientifically-oriented questions, collecting evidence, forming explanations, connecting explanations to scientific knowledge and theory, and communicating and justifying the explanation.


Air Quality Kills 58 People a Year in Ealing
Report shows the impact of pollution in the local area
Up to 58 people a year are dying in parts of Ealing as a result of air pollution, according to details of a recently released report. The borough wide total will be much higher.
The study undertaken by the Institute of Occupational Medicine was commissioned by the Greater London Authority to inform the Mayor's Air Quality Strategy. It estimated that over 4,000 people die prematurely in London each year due to air pollution.
The study has used internationally accepted evidence-based risk factors associated with pollution to assess the contribution that prolonged exposure to poor air quality could make to the number of premature deaths in London.
It concludes that poor air quality (specifically PM2.5) contributed to an equivalent of 4,267 premature deaths in London in 2008. This is consistent with evidence recently presented to the House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee which suggested that poor air quality in the UK could be contributing to as many as 50,000 premature deaths nationally every year.
For the first time details of the report have been made public showing how the London-wide total was made up on a ward by ward basis. These numbers were based methodology to obtain the 'best estimate' by the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants (COMEAP).
Mayor's Draft Air Quality Strategy
Following consultation with the London Assembly and functional bodies, which ran from October-November 2009, the Mayor published a second Draft Air Quality Strategy for public consultation.
The strategy sets out a framework for delivering improvements to London’s air quality and includes measures aimed at reducing emissions from transport, homes, offices and new developments, as well as raising awareness of air quality issues.
Over the last few years, a number of measures have been introduced to help improve air quality in London. Nevertheless, air pollution remains a problem in the capital, as is clear from the fact that European Union targets for air quality standards that were intended to be met in 2004 and 2005 have still not been achieved.
Air quality consultation
The Mayor wants to hear your views on the draft Air Quality Strategy and is running a public consultation until 13 August 2010. The final strategy is expected to be published later in 2010. To have your say on air quality in London see here.
July 6, 2010


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Coaching and Presentations
Presentations and individualized coaching sessions with the Office of Financial Education provide students, and our NYU community, with high quality and personalized material. Our goal is to better inform and support your financial wellness goals as you gain greater insight and clarity into aspects of your personal financial situations.
You will meet with a Student Success Specialist for approximately 40 minutes. Each session is based on the topic of your choosing and geared towards your needs. Your Specialist will help you gain a greater understanding of your finances and develop sustainable realistic goals.
There is a follow-up session required (typically about 20 minutes) where your Specialist will discuss outcomes and next steps.
If you would like us to give a presentation at a club or organization, you will select a topic from those described above. One of our coaches will contact you to discuss the specifics of your audience and its needs.
Each presentation is approximately 40 minutes, including time for Q&A. There is a follow-up survey sent to all participants where we can gain feedback regarding the effectiveness of our programs.
A minimum of 20 participants are required for a presentation. We need a minimum of 2 weeks notice to adequately prepare our resources.
Student Loans & Repayment
Many students have to take out loans to finance their education and understanding all of the terms, conditions, and repayment options can be intimidating. We can review the types of student loans, different repayment plans, public loan service forgiveness, and what to expect if you are considering graduate school.
Budgeting in NYC
Welcome to the bright lights and big city! Ever wonder how to survive and not break the bank? In this session, we will go over some tips to create a budget and plan out some of your expenses so that you can take advantage of all NYC has to offer while maintaining your budget.
Courtesy Meals Referral
If you have utilized Courtesy Meals three times, you may have been referred to the Wellness Exchange and/or Financial Education. We are here to provide guidance and professional expertise specific to your individual situation. To speak with a coach, please submit a coaching request form.
If you would like to schedule a workshop or would like to request to meet with one of our coaches, please use the links below to access the form.
Please note, there are certain services we cannot specifically provide support on:
- Bankruptcy counseling
- Financial planning
- Mortgage and refinancing counseling
- Investment advice
- Contacting creditors
- Selection of financial institutions
- Selection of financial planning services
- Retirement planning
- Tax advice and filling assistance

domain: finance


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Angel Lyrics Game Cards
Print and play this fun Angel Lyrics game for your Angel party! See how well everyone knows their Angel songs, from oldies to modern. You really know your music if you can get all of these right!
There are 7 different color combinations of these game cards to choose from for this game. Choose the color you like and follow the printing instructions below. Here are the same
Angel Lyrics game cards
, but with a baby angel graphic to dress up the card a little, if you prefer.
How to Play: You can play this game in groups of 2 or 3, or individually - whichever you prefer. Print the Angel Game cards below (Printing Instructions are below) - 1 for each guest or team. Give them a pen or pencil and they have 10 minutes to fill in all the lyrics correctly. Whoever gets the most lyrics correct wins the game! The answer key is at the very bottom of this page.
There are several ways to print this Angel lyrics game card. Whichever way you choose, I suggest that you print your game cards on a thicker cardstock for a higher quality game card. The EASIEST way to print this game card is to open this pdf printable Angel lyrics game
and print it from there.
You will need Adobe Reader (the latest version is recommended) installed on your computer in order to open and print this baby shower game. You can get Adobe Reader for free here (a new window will open so you can download without leaving this page).
If you don't want to use the .pdf version, follow these
Right-click on the image you want and select the "save picture as..." line. Then, you will be asked which directory to save it to. Just save it onto your desktop or in any folder you want. Then on your desktop, double click on the image icon. When the image opens up, set your printer to the desired paper size and print the image (in color or black/white).
Another printing option: If you have Microsoft Word, after you "save picture as..." explained above, open a blank document in Microsoft Word and go to the tab INSERT and then select PICTURE and then select FROM FILE. From there you just choose the directory from your computer where you saved the picture and click INSERT. And Voila! You can print it off as many times as you like.
And here is the Angel Lyrics Game ANSWER KEY:
These printable Angel Lyrics Game cards are free for your personal use! Print off as many as you need for your guests.
Go back to our
Angel Baby Shower theme page

domain: entertainment


text:
Sebastopol fiddler Jon Berger composed this tune the style of an English Country Dance. He is joined here by Rebecca King on piano; Jon and Rebecca are two thirds of the band Persons of Quality. Jon’s wife Kalia Kliban, who made the pegs on the Redwood Violin, is a prominent English Country Dance caller. She promises to write a dance with violin references, which will be performed for a participating audience, as soon as Covid restrictions are lifted.
I wrote this tune because I thought it would be nice to have a local violinist play a locally composed tune on the all-local violin. I did cheat slightly; the pianist is my long-time musical collaborator Rebecca King, who lives in Napa County. – Jon Berger

domain: artistic


|Publication number||US5266952 A|
|Application number||US 07/860,528|
|Publication date||Nov 30, 1993|
|Filing date||Mar 30, 1992|
|Priority date||Mar 30, 1992|
|Publication number||07860528, 860528, US 5266952 A, US 5266952A, US-A-5266952, US5266952 A, US5266952A|
|Inventors||Wade J. Stone, Howard S. Nussbaum, Kikuo Ichiroku, Benjamin Felder, William P. Posey|
|Original Assignee||Hughes Aircraft Company|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (32), Classifications (10), Legal Events (6)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This invention was made with Government support. The Government has certain rights in this invention.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and more particularly to ADCs that incorporate a predictive function by which a predicted input signal value is compared with the actual input signal to generate an error signal, and the error signal is combined with the predicted value to produce an output.
2. Description of the Related Art
ADCs convert analog quantities such as a voltage or a current into digital words. Numerous different types of ADC designs have been implemented; a general treatment of the subject is provided in Grebene, Bipolar and MOS Analog Integrated Circuit Design. John Wiley & Sons, chapter 15, pages 825-879 (1984). The two most pertinent designs for purposes of the present invention are a multi-pass subranging converter using one or a pair of sample-and-hold circuits, and the differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) linear predictive coder.
A multi-pass ADC using a sample-and-hold circuit is described in Harris, "A Wide Dynamic Range A-to-D Converter Using a Band Limited Predictor-Corrector DPCM Algorithm", IEEE Int'l Conf. on Comm., Jun. 8-10, 1987, and a similar circuit is illustrated in FIG. 1 herein. An input analog signal is fed into a sample-and-hold circuit 2 that obtains periodic analog samples of the input signal. Each sample is provided to a quantizer Q1 that provides a course digitized version of the sample to both a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 4 and an output summing junction 6. The DAC 4 converts the sample back to analog format and delivers it to another summing junction 8.
The input signal sample from sample-and-hold circuit is also transmitted to the summing junction 8, preferably via a second sample-and-hold circuit 10. This second sample-and-hold allows the system to be speeded up with the use of a biphase clock for both sample-and-holds, but in general is not essential. The DAC output is subtracted from the sampled input circuit at summing junction 8 to yield a signal that represents the combined conversion errors of quantizer Q1 and DAC 4 (the DAC is generally assumed to have a zero error). This error signal is then expanded by a factor of A in an amplifier A1 to bring it up to the full scale of a second quantizer Q2, which is typically about 1-2 volts peak-to-peak. After quantization by Q2, the amplified digital error signal is scaled down by a factor of A in a digital divider 12 to yield a true-scale digital error signal. The output summing junction 6 combines the coarsely digitized input sample from Q1 with the signal from digital divider A that represents the error associated with the course signal from Q1, so that the resultant output digital signal on output line 14 is a more accurate representation of the input analog signal and would be obtained by simply quantizing the input.
While the circuit of FIG. 1 provides good conversion accuracy, it requires an extreme linearity in the sample-and-hold circuits and in the DAC, and an intricate timing sequence to ensure that the input signals to the summing junction 6 and 8 represent the same sample. The switching nature of the sample-and-hold circuits also places a severe restriction upon the input signal's amplitude and frequency, which is necessary to avoid the introduction of unacceptable distortion components. Video band two-pass ADCs of this design typically require two sample-and-hold circuits.
A feedback DPCM ADC that utilizes a predictor function to provide extended dynamic range to a conventional ADC is illustrated in FIG. 2. The circuit can conveniently be described beginning at the output line 16, which carries the circuit's digital output signal. The output signal is updated periodically at the ADC function's sampling frequency, and each output is also fed into a predictor circuit 18 that predicts the value of the next periodic input signal based upon the values of the most recent output signal samples. The predicted signal value, in digital format, is supplied to an output summing junction 20 and also to a DAC 22. The output of the DAC, which represents the predicted value of the next signal in analog format, is compared with the actual input analog signal in a summing junction 24, with the predicted value subtracted from the actual value to yield an analog error signal. The error signal is amplified by a factor A to bring the error within the fullscale range of Q3 in amplifier A2, converted to digital format in quantizer Q3, and scaled back down by a factor of A in a digital divider 26 to compensate for the amplification of A2. The resulting digital error signal at the output of divider 26 is combined with the digital predicted signal from predictor 18 in the output summing junction 20 to produce the final converter output.
While the circuit of FIG. 2 avoids the use of sample-and-hold circuits with their attendant dynamic range limitations, and also uses only a single quantizer as opposed to the two quantizers in the circuit of FIG. 1, it does have significant disadvantages. If the input is overdriven with respect to the full scale capability of the DAC, a large error is produced in the DAC output. This error includes high frequency components that are beyond the designed input bandwidths of the predictor. Outside these bandwidths large amplification takes place and builds up in a positive feedback loop, eventually resulting in an output oscillation between the positive and negative voltage supply bus levels. A similar instability can result from high frequency signals that enter the circuit from other sources, such as extreme quantizing errors and noise spikes. In addition to a capability for detecting an unstable operating condition, the system must have a reset capability once the instability has been detected. The time required for reset may be beyond the permissible limits of the overall system into which the ADC is connected, such as certain radar systems.
ADCs that incorporate both a predictor circuit and a sample-and-hold function are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,792,787 to Speiser et al., in the Harris article mentioned above, and in McKnight et al., "Developments in the Techniques for Enhancing the Dynamic Range of Analog to Digital Converters", PROC. ICASSP, 1988. These circuits perform a sample-and-hold on an analog error signal, rather than on the input analog signal directly, and thereby avoid much of the dynamic range limitations associated with FIG. 1. However, they can still become unstable if the input is overdriven or slews too fast.
The present invention seeks to provide an ADC with an extremely high dynamic range of 16 bits or more, making it realizable in the video band, that also avoids the use of sample-and-hole circuits and their attendant very high linearity requirements, and uses a fully feed forward architecture that avoids the destabilization problems of prior ADCs that incorporate predictor circuits.
To accomplish these goals, a feed forward ADC is provided with circuitry for producing both digital and analog prediction signals that represent a predicted subsequent value of an input analog signal. A digital error signal is derived that represents the difference between the value of the analog prediction signal and the actual subsequent value of the input analog signal. The digital prediction signal is fed forward and combined with the digital error signal to yield a digital output signal that closely corresponds to the analog input signal. No sample-and-hold circuits are employed, and the feed forward nature of the circuit prevents any feedback-related instability. The feed forward operation also allows for higher speed data conversion than feedback systems by pipelining functions.
In a preferred embodiment the digital and analog prediction signals are produced by a first quantizer that is connected to periodically quantize the input analog signal, a predictor circuit that produces the digital prediction signal from the quantizer output, and a DAC that produces the analog prediction signal from the digital prediction signal. An analog error signal representing the difference between the actual and the predicted subsequent values of the input signal is first obtained, and a second quantizer converts the signal to the desired digital error signal. The timing of the first and second quantizers and of the prediction operations are synchronized so that the correct signals are compared with each other to obtain the error signal, and the quantized error signal is combined with the correct digital prediction signal. A digital signal storage means is also interfaced between the predictor and the output signal combiner to store the digital predicted signal and present it to the combiner at the appropriate time.
As with prior circuits, the analog error signal is amplified prior to quantization to take advantage of the quantizer's full range, and then de-amplified after quantization. In accordance with the invention, the de-amplified output is adjusted to compensate for mismatches between the amplifying and de-amplifying mechanisms, and an offset adjustment is also furnished to the output signal combiner to compensate for offsets in the quantized error signal.
The resulting ADC can have extremely high dynamic range, in excess of 16 bits, and avoids the above problems associated with the prior circuits. Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, taken together with the accompanying drawings.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are block diagrams of respective prior ADC circuits;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an ADC circuit in accordance with the invention; and
FIG. 4 is a timing diagram for the circuit of FIG. 3.
A block diagram of a fully feed forward, extended dynamic range linear predictive ADC implemented in accordance with the invention is shown in FIG. 3. An input analog signal on input line 28 is supplied to both a course analog-to-digital quantizer Qc and to a summing junction 30. Numerous different designs can be used for the quantizer Qc, including an overall ADC such as that shown in FIG. 3. The primary criteria are that the quantizer have an appropriate number of bits for the desired degree of precision, and that the amount of delay it imparts to a signal being converted to digital format be within an acceptable range; both of these factors are discussed below.
The digitized output of quantizer Qc is supplied to a predictor circuit 32 that, based upon the values of the several most recent samples acquired by the digitizer, predicts the value of the next sample. Numerous different types of digital linear predictors can be used for this purpose, but the device is most easily implemented with a transversal design. The theory and design techniques for the coefficients of the transversal type predictor are well known, and vary with the input signal conditions. An example can be found in the McKnight article, supra, for a given oversample rate, number of taps, input signal frequency and predictor input data quantization levels. The PDSP 16256 programmable FIR (finite impulse response) filter by GEC Plessey Company, which includes up to 128 taps and a maximum data rate of approximately 3 MHz, is a suitable device for the predictor function. The Texas Instruments Corp. TMS 320 DSP (digital signal processor), which can be programmed to perform a predictive function, is another suitable choice.
The output of the predictor 32 is supplied to both a DAC 34 and to a clocked digital delay register 36. The DAC should be non-clocked and have minimal delay. One of several types that can be used is the PMI DAC 312 by Analog Devices, Inc. The register 36 can be of any digital delay architecture, but is most efficiently implemented with a bank of master-slave flip-flops; the bank size depends upon the received wordsize from the predictor 32.
The analog output of the DAC 34 is subtracted from the analog input signal in summing junction 30, and the difference is supplied to an amplifier 38 that multiplies this received signal by an amplification factor A. The amplifier topology depends upon whether the signals that are input and output are in the current or voltage mode. The functions of summing junction 30 and amplifier 38 can be combined in a single differential amplifier. The amplified analog signal is then converted to a digital format by a fine quantizer Qf, which can be identical to the course quantizer Qc. The Sony Corporation 8-bit flash converter is suitable for both quantizers.
The digital output from quantizer Qf is divided by a factor A in a digital divider circuit 40. While numerous different divider circuits can be used, the divider 40 is most efficiently implemented as a simple bit shift hard-wired device if the amplifier 38 is a power-of-two device, i.e. A=2k, where k is an integer. However, the invention is not limited to amplifier 38 being a power-of-two device.
A digital gain adjustment multiplier 42 is supplied to adjust the output of digital divider 40 to account for mismatches between amplifier 38 and divider 40. Although these latter devices respectively multiply and divide by the same factor A, the amplifier 38 is an analog device and therefore will have an error, whereas divider 40 is digital and can be made error free. A gain adjustment device 44, described below, provides an appropriate adjustment factor to the multiplier 42.
An output digital summing junction 46 receives and adds together the digital outputs from register 36 and multiplier 42, producing a circuit output on output line 48. An offset adjustment mechanism 50, also discussed below in connection with gain adjustment device 44, provides an additional input to summing junction 46 to compensate for offsets that may be introduced by either the DAC 34, the amplifier 38 or the quantizer Qf.
A clock 52 coordinates the operation of the various circuit components. It produces periodic clocking signals to the two quantizers Qc and Qf, the predictor 32 and the digital register 36; a typical clock period is 156 ns. Although not essential for the invention, a common clock signal is most conveniently provided to the two quantizers Qc and Qf and the register 36 over first clock output lines 54, and a delayed clock signal is provided to the predictor 32 through a delay circuit 56 that is tapped from line 54.
In operation, an analog signal which is lowpass band limited to some nominal bandwidth by a filter, with the band limitation related to the particular design, is input to the ADC along line 28, and is fed into both the coarse quantizer Qc and the analog summing junction 30. The quantizer Qc is clocked at time t1 at a sampling frequency equal to 1/T, where T is the period between successive samples. Following a data invalid interval ta during which the quantizer Qc settles to a digital output that corresponds to the clocked input analog signal, with ta being substantially shorter that T, the resulting digital word is clocked into the predictor 32. There it is used along with some number of past samples to generate a prediction of the analog input signal value that will appear at Qc when the next successive clock pulse arrives at t2 =t1 +T.
The predicted signal value is truncated to some wordsize of N bits, and is directed to both the DAC 34 and to the digital register 36. The DAC 34 converts the predicted signal into an analog voltage or current, depending upon system design choices, and the result is compared with and subtracted from the analog input signal at summing junction 30 to produce an error signal; the error signal is equal to the difference between the actual value of the analog input signal, and its predicted value as generated by predictor 32 and converted to analog format by DAC 34. This error signal is then amplified by amplifier 38.
The output of DAC 34 is a "held" signal, meaning that it holds a constant value, for an approximate time duration T, which corresponds to the value of the input analog signal at the time quantizer Qc was previously clocked. This is in contrast to the input signal applied to summing junction 30, which is band limited but nevertheless varies as an analog signal. The difference signal at the input to quantizer Qf is thus an analog signal that varies continuously with the analog input signal. The system is designed so the total propagation delay and settling times through the predictor 32, DAC 34 and summing amplifier 38 is less than T-ta. The fine quantizer Qf thus samples at time t2 =t1 +T on an accurate version of the difference between the input analog signal and the predicted value of that signal.
After a data invalid settling interval of ta , the sample from fine quantizer Qf is fed into the digital divider 40, which removes the effective gain A of the amplifier by dividing by A, and thereby restores the error signal to a quantized version at its actual size. After a small (relative to T) propagation delay through the divider 40 and a gain adjustment in signal multiplier 42, the error signal is applied to the output summing junction 46.
Returning to the digital register 36, a clock signal is applied to this device before the signal reaches the predictor 32 through the delay circuit 56. Since the register 36 takes only on the order of 1/10 the time to acquire its input signal as is required by the predictor 32 to produce a new output prediction signal after it has been clocked, and also because of the delay in clocking the predictor, the register will acquire the value of the predicted signal as of the time immediately preceding clocking of the predictor. Thus, the register will apply a predicted signal value to the output summing junction 46 at the same time the error signal that corresponds to the actual value of the predicted signal is being applied to the summing junction 46 from the gain adjustment multiplier 42. Through this coordination of operating sequences, the predicted value of an input signal from register 36, together with the error signal associated with the same input signal from gain adjustment multiplier 42, will be applied to the output summing junction 46 for a substantial period of overlap during each clock cycle T.
The selection of the amplify-divide factor A will now be discussed. For any predictor circuit 32, a maximum anticipated error signal can be determined that corresponds to the bandwidth of the input analog signal and the sampling rate (1/T). The course quantizer Qc is preferably selected so that the magnitude of this anticipated error corresponds to its least significant bit. The error signal is then expanded by amplifier 38 to take advantage of substantially the full bit capacity of the fine quantizer Qf, and then restored to its original magnitude by divider 40. Without this expansion and subsequent contraction, a much greater quantization error would be expected from Qf.
Since the error signal furnished to amplifier 38 is analog and can potentially grow to a relatively large value before the signal from DAC 34 is updated there is a danger of saturating the amplifier. The amplifier is accordingly preferably implemented as a gain switching amplifier whose gain is either reduced or cancelled entirely during the periods when the fine quantizer Qf is not actively acquiring the amplified analog signal. Several different gain switching amplifiers are known, and their designs per se are not part of the present invention. The gain switching amplifier would be set to its full amplification value of A for a period of time that extends from just prior to the clocking of the fine quantizer Qf, through the time interval necessary for quantizer Qf to acquire the amplified signal; this period can vary depending upon the type of quantizer used, and a separate clock signal can be used to control the cycling of the amplifier. In this manner saturating the amplifer 38 and overdriving the fine quantizer Qf are avoided.
Where N is the bit precision of Qf and A is the desired summing amplifier gain, the effective dynamic range of the error signal at the output of digital divider 40 is N+log2 A. Assuming this precision is maintained through the gain adjustment multiplier 42 and output summing amplifier 46, the circuit output over output line 48 will also have a precision corresponding to N+log2 A bits. To maintain this degree of output precision, the DAC 34 also has to be linear up to N+log2 A bits, or it will introduce distortion.
The gain adjustment mechanism 44 is implemented with an appropriate calibration algorithm or other technique to determine the gain adjustment factor, which may be calculated either previously or on-line and stored outside of the ADC, with an input to the ADC allocated for this purpose. The appropriate adjustment factor can be determined by running a digitized linear ramp signal to the DAC 34, observing the output signal from divider 40 and performing a least squares fit routine to determine the slope of the resulting output signal ramp; any deviation of this slope from unity reflects the mismatch error that is corrected by the gain adjustment mechanism 44. If the output ramp intercepts the y-axis at a location offset from the origin, the offset adjustment mechanism 50 can be programmed to compensate for this offset. The gain adjustment signal should be accurate to at least N+log2 A bits.
The preferred sequence of operation is illustrated in the timing diagram of FIG. 4. In this diagram the arrows 58 represent the periodic clock signals along line 54 to quantizers Qc and Qf, trace 60 represents the output of quantizer Qc, trace 62 represents the output of predictor circuit 32, arrows 64 represent the delayed clock signals for the predictor 32, trace 66 represents the outputs of DAC 34 and amplifier 38 (the amplifier is assumed to have negligible processing time), trace 68 represents the output of quantizer Qf, and trace 70 represents the output of digital register 36.
The initial clock pulse to the quantizers is assumed to occur at time t1. At the time this clock signal is received, the quantizer Qc is outputting a digital value of Qc0, corresponding to the input signal value at the time of the immediately preceding clock signal. Upon receiving the clock signal at time t1, Qc acquires the value of the input analog signal on line 28 at that moment and, after a data invalid interval ta, outputs a new digital value Qc1 which is equal to the digitized value of the input analog signal at time t1. Shortly after the end of the data invalid interval for Qc, a delayed predictor clock signal 72 is generated and applied to the predictor 32. At the time this clock signal is received, the predictor is outputting the signal P1 that corresponds to its predicted value of the analog input signal at time t1. Following a propagation delay and settling time tc, the predictor outputs a new digital value P2; this value is based upon Qc1 and the preceding outputs of Qc, and predicts the value of the subsequent input analog signal sample.
Proceeding through the DAC 34 and summing junction 30, the output of amplifier 38 transitions from a first analog regime (A1) based upon the predicted value P1 to a new analog regime (A2) based upon the predicted signal value P2 (after a settling delay). Although horizontal lines are used for A1 and A2 in FIG. 4 for simplicity, in reality the amplifier output is a time-varying analog signal that tracks the input signal.
The signal produced by quantizer Qf, however, although receiving the new error signal based upon predicted value P2, does not immediately respond to that signal. This is because Qf acquired its input analog signal value at time t1, simultaneously with the clocking of Qc. Following the data invalid interval ta, the output of Qf switches from a value (Qf0) based upon the preceding error signal to a new value (Qf1) based upon error signal A1; this quantized error signal Qf1 is held until the next quantizer clock signal t2 is generated. Thus, the quantized error signal Qf1 is presented to output summing junction 46 (following amplification and gain adjustment, which are assumed to require negligible time periods) for an interval that extends from t1 +ta through t2 +tb.
Referring now to the register 36 (trace 70), this element responds to the clock signal at t1 by acquiring the signal existing at the output of the predictor 32 at time t1. However, since the predictor clock signal is delayed and in any event the register operates much more quickly than the predictor, the register acquires the predictor output signal P1 before the predictor changes to its new output level P2. Thus, after a short interval following the clock signal at t1, the register will hold a new signal R1 that corresponds to the predicted analog input signal (P1) at time t1, and this value of R1 is held for the full clock interval T. As can be seen from inspecting traces 68 and 70, there is thus a substantial overlap between the two inputs Qf1 and R1 to the output summing junction; these signals respectively represent the error signal associated with, and the predicted value of, the input analog signal at time t1. An output signal can be acquired from the circuit at any time during this period of overlap; the relatively short intervals during which the output signal on line 48 is invalid is represented by hatched areas 74 in FIG. 4.
The output of the described circuit is normally registered and then passed on for further signal processing. The receiving register which accepts the output from line 48 is outside of the ADC, and is not shown in FIG. 3. However, it can be periodically clocked so that the output signals are acquired at any desired time within the valid period of overlap between the signals presented to output summing junction 46.
A fully feed forward, extended dynamic range linear predictive ADC has thus been shown and described that eliminates both the instability of prior predictive circuits, and the sample-and-hold circuits required with prior multipass sub-ranging ADCs. As numerous variations and alternate embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art, it is intended that the invention be limited only in terms of the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification||341/156, 341/143|
|International Classification||H03M1/08, H03M1/20, H03M1/10, H03M1/40, H03M3/02|
|Cooperative Classification||H03M1/1028, H03M1/208|
|Mar 30, 1992||AS||Assignment|
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Owner name: HE HOLDINGS, INC., A DELAWARE CORP., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE;REEL/FRAME:016087/0541
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domain: christianity


text:
Losing a child is painful and heart wrenching. It is one of the experiences that most parents dread. Unfortunately it often happens and in most cases, it is unexpected. The loss can be to an old parent or to one who just held their bundle of joy. Millions of parents out there undergo this, but the feeling is unique; the experience is all personal.
This is the moment when one strongly needs their friends around them the most. Slipping into depression can be quite easy at various stages of the loss. If you are out there and you know someone who has just lost a child, kindly be their shoulder to lean on- they need it. Getting in touch with God will give you peace; a peace that surpasses all human understanding. It will keep and hold you.
Do you feel the pain each time you see your child’s clothes? I totally understand how it feels. Various people will tell you that it is wise to donate them to a home. Others will even tell you that maybe you should also sell the lovely cot that you hold so dearly. Here is where I ask you to do what you want. Grieving is a personal process. Only the bereaved person would totally know what would make them feel better. Detachment is hard because it is what we at the least want to do when we want the memories to stay so close.
Do you feel sad when you see other mothers with their babies? Playing in parks or taking a stroll down the streets. The feeling is overwhelming. Do you know where your child is? He is with God, constantly watching over you, an angel so bright! You might not be with them to take care of them, but they are in very safe hands; they are with God- lacking nothing. They are not faced by the troubles of this world. They are simply happy and rejoice every single day. Don’t worry about how they sleep, for they are in God’s caring hands.
Did you lose your child in a miscarriage? Maybe people hold the false belief that life only begins after birth. I believe that it begins after conception. Most people might not understand your loss, or might simply brush it away by telling you, ‘Don’t worry, you will get another one.’ Or even worse, ‘You are lucky you did not know them.’ This is the most painful thing you would have to come to terms with. You did not get to see their lovely face, tiny hands. You did not know who are what they might have become. You live your whole life wondering who they might have become. Again, understand that you made no mistake, you did your very best but they had to go. They are also very safe.
Do you hold feelings of self blame over your child’s death? Make peace with yourself. You were a great parent. Every single thing that you did was for their own good. Even if you forgot to fasten that seat belt, you are simply human. Things happen and they are not your fault. You were doing just fine, you took care of them very well, it was just that one time that you feel like you should blame yourself. Wherever they are, they love you.You gave them a good life here on earth, and you are worthy.
God sees through your tears and pain, He is there to comfort you, and He holds your child in His hands.
Lots of Love,

domain: psychology


text:
from the Blog
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domain: literature


text:
The point is change can come about, but it only comes about when millions of people are actively involved in political struggle, the billionaires may have the money, but we have the people.— Bernie Sanders
Emotional Money In Politics quotations
An honest public servant can't become rich in politics.
He can only attain greatness and satisfaction by service.
"Freedom" in capitalist countries exists only for those who possess money and who consequently hold power.
The American Republic will endure until the day Congress discovers that it can bribe the public with the public's money.
Whoever controls the volume of money in our country is absolute master of all industry and commerce...when you realize that the entire system is very easily controlled, one way or another, by a few powerful men at the top, you will not have to be told how periods of inflation and depression originate.
The money power preys on the nation in times of peace, and conspires against it in times of adversity. It is more despotic than monarchy, more insolent than autocracy, more selfish than bureaucracy. It denounces, as public enemies, all who question its methods or throw light upon its crimes.
Instead of giving money to found colleges to promote learning, why don't they pass a constitutional amendment prohibiting anybody from learning anything? If it works as good as the Prohibition one did, why, in five years we would have the smartest race of people on earth.
Give me the money that has been spent in war and I will clothe every man, woman, and child in an attire of which kings and queens will be proud. I will build a schoolhouse in every valley over the whole earth. I will crown every hillside with a place of worship consecrated to peace.
Unfortunately, money in politics is an insidious thing - and a loophole in our campaign finance system was taken advantage of with money going to existing or new 527 groups with the sole purpose of influencing the election.
In societies that worship money and success, the losers become objects of scorn.
Those who work the hardest for the least are called lazy. Those forced to live in substandard housing are thought to be the authors of substandard lives. Those who do not finish high school or cannot afford to go to college are considered deficient or inept.
...in place of the Old Bottom Line of money and power, a New Bottom Line of Love and Generosity is possible. People of all faiths need to shape a political and social movement that reaffirms the most generous, peace-oriented, social justice-committed, and loving truths of the spiritual heritage of the human race.
The best way to put more money in people's wallets is to leave it there in the first place.
In constant pursuit of money to finance campaigns, the political system is simply unable to function. Its deliberative powers are paralyzed.
Whether you are on the Right or the Left, everyone can agree that there are a lot of outside influences in American politics that are not good for the system. There's just too much money.
The only reason to be in politics is public service.
There's no other reason. Frankly, if that's the best job you can get in terms of money, that's too bad, you know. Because frankly, it's not well paid, everyone knows that. So for most people it's a big sacrifice.
It is money, money, money! Not ideas, not principles, but money that reigns supreme in American politics.
The overflow of big money in politics drowns out the voices of everyday people.
That is part of the conundrum in America: The more money you have the more speech you have. That leaves everyday people out of the equation.
We must have more union members in this country to fight the political and business forces that are undermining workers in this country. The AFL-CIO has chosen the opposite approach by planning to throw even more money at politicians.
In other words, "speaking truth" as a social movement may move you forward in some ways, but to really lock in and have real enduring change, it takes both a movement on the ground and an independent political party that is itself the defiance of that two-party corporate big-money control of politics.
Standardized tests are an indicator of the kind of service taxpayers are receiving - and whether schools, educators and policymakers are doing their jobs. In the United States, taxpayers spend almost $600 billion annually on public education, so it's not unreasonable to ask what all that money is producing. In fact, it's irresponsible not to know.
All those who, since Adam Smith, have turned their attention to Political Economy, agree that in reality we do not buy articles of consumption with money, the circulating medium with which we pay for them. We must in the first instance have bought this money itself by the sale of our produce.
DSM-IV is the fabrication upon which psychiatry seeks acceptance by medicine in general. Insiders know it is more a political than scientific document… DSM-IV has become a bible and a money making bestseller—its major failings notwithstanding.
If politics were like sports, we could ask Israel to trade us Benjamin Netanyahu for Barack Obama. Of course, we would have to throw in trillions of dollars to get Israel to agree to the deal, but it would be money well spent.
To my mind, if we do not get a handle on money in politics and the degree to which big money controls the political process in this country, nobody is going to bring about the changes that is needed in this country for the middle class and working families.
Gold is the most useless thing in the world.
I am not interested in money but in the things of which money is merely a symbol.
If you can't drink a lobbyist's whiskey, take his money, sleep with his women and still vote against him in the morning, you don't belong in politics.
It used to be that readers were relegated because they considered themselves far above society, and so the metaphor of the ivory tower developed. Now there's still this idea that the reader doesn't take part in the social game and in politics, the res publica, but for other reasons: he doesn't do it because he's not making any money.
The most laughable White House criticism is that tax cuts are a 'free lunch.
' The American people's work created that money. Only in Washington could there be a belief that letting people keep more of what they create is a giveaway.
Politics, war, marriage, crime, adultery.
Everything that exists in the world has something to do with money.
Though we love to think that we are civilized & developed than that of people lived centuries ago. In reality, the world is still run through the principle of 'Might is right'. Whoever - government or individual - has more power & money is dominating and, in many cases, oppressing people who are financially & politically weaker.
The fundamental differences between Marxian and traditional orthodox economics are, first, that the orthodox economists accept the capitalist system as part of the eternal order of Nature, while Marx regards it as a passing phase in the transition from the feudal economy of the past to the socialist economy of the future.
We all say in our own lives that money isn't everything.
Love matters, friendships matter. My relationship with my kids matters. It shouldn't be a giant leap to take that thought and introduce it into political dialogue
Most of the presidential candidates' economic packages involve 'tax breaks,' which is when the government, amid great fanfare, generously decides not to take quite so much of your income. In other words, these candidates are trying to buy your votes with your own money.
I don't use my money to gain political influence for my private interests, which is what many rich people do, and what, in a sense, market fundamentalism does, because it is in the interests of people who have a lot of money to have as little taxes as possible.
Monetary freedom (gold: sound money), like all other economic freedoms, clears the way for energy, intellect and virtue... Political control weakens individual self-reliance and energy, causes want and poverty and, in the end, breeds tyranny and oppression.

domain: philosophy