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Lucky by Jackie Collins with Jessie Burton
We're back after a long break with our first Jackie Collins episode, with the one and only Jessie Burton! Jessie's debut novel The Miniaturist became a global bestseller and has since been followed up with the highly feted The Muse and The Confession, along with The Restless Girls, a novel for children. Here she talks about Jackie Collins as the patron saint of Authors Who Like Nice Things, and we talk about Jackie the product versus Jackie the person. We also discuss female authors and self awareness, Lucky Santangelo as a James Bond for women, satire, sex, parenting and much more.
See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

domain: literature


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NSW croppers need a drinkMichael Condon, Tuesday February 25, 2014 - 14:54 EDT
Grain growers in NSW are now desperate for rain to get the paddocks ready to sow a winter crop.
Across NSW, dams are still empty and the cropping regions are still very short of subsoil moisture.
The rain over the last week has been very welcome and very timely for some in that state.
But by most accounts, it hasn't been anywhere near enough and is by no means drought-breaking.
Peter Matthews, the technical specialist for grains at the NSW DPI, says in some parts 75 to 100 millimetres is needed as soon as possible.
"Up to 50 per cent of the state's cropping regions are going to struggle to grow an average crop already this year, judging by the latest rainfall profile.
"Many areas have missed out all together on any rain, particularly in the North West."
© ABC 2014
More breaking news
Icy and windy weather affecting parts of the NSW central-west and Blue Mountains will continue into tomorrow, although strong coastal winds are easing, the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) says.
After a slow start to the snow season and a week of small to no surf, an intense cold front has brought some happiness to snowboarders and surfers in Victoria and New South Wales.
Parts of WA have been receiving persistent showers in recent days, propelling some locations well past their monthly average.

domain: agronomy


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Deep Red Kameez with Sharara Dress for Wedding is a glamorous choice that gives you the perfect appearance. This stunning Pakistani Bridal Dress is the epitome of elegance and charm. The lavish combination of colors and embellishments make this attire your foremost priority for the big day.
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domain: fashion


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Men, women and children of all ages and from all backgrounds can become victims of this crime, which occurs in every region of the world. The 2019 Trafficking in Persons Report is available in PDF and HTML formats. Trafficking in persons refers the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of personsby force, coercion, fraud or some other form of deceptionfor the purpose of exploitation. About 20,000 . International human rights law also recognizes that certain . Trafficking is a profitable business for traffickers both in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Prosecutors pursued 51 of these referrals in court, compared with 201 . It often involves a number of different crimes, spanning several countries, and involving an increasing number of victims. Based on data gathered from 155 countries, it offers the first global assessment of the scope of human trafficking and what is being done to fight it. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. Sex Trafficking.
See answers (3) Best Answer. Human trafficking is the second largest criminal . This Report is intended to raise global According to the Trafficking in Persons Protocol, the offence thus involves: (i) The recruitment, transportation, transfer, Countering Trafficking in Persons. Trend Confirmed: Worldwide, Online Sexual Exploitation Is Rising. Section 2.Declaration of Policy. 2. Threat of exposure to immigration authorities. Trafficking in persons (TIP) can be compared to a modern day form of slavery. This exploitation can take different forms, such as: prostitution, forced and bonded labour, forced marriage, and organ harvesting. Most organizations working to fight human trafficking are nonprofit organizations that rely on donations. Volunteering time and effort to an anti-trafficking organization is a great way to contribute to the fight against human trafficking. Contact the Department of Defense Inspector General (IG) at 1-800-424-9098 The President's 2012 Executive Order 13627 on trafficking in persons strengthened the government's zero tolerance policy by addressing which of the following groups? The report begins with acknowledging the context of the global COVID-19 epidemic and its impact on human trafficking, particularly due to increased social and economic vulnerabilities in addition to increased . Human trafficking, a form of modern day slavery, involves the illegal trade of people for exploitation or commercial gain and is a $150 billion global industry. It involves the criminal exploitation of vulnerable people for the sole purpose of economic gain. Volunteer. It involves the trading of human beings for the purposes of exploitation. For the most part human trafficking involves women and children . What Is Human Trafficking? Search: Human Trafficking Arrests By Year Graph. Nigeria: Human Trafficking Factsheet. The sex trade ring that preys on migrants was dismantled by police in Peru on Jul. Trafficking in Human Beings. 800-424-9098. or. 1 See answer Advertisement The Protocol states that the consent of a victim of trafficking to the intended exploitation is irrelevant once it is demonstrated that deception, coercion, force or other prohibited . National Human Trafficking Hotline; 1-888-373-7888. People may be considered trafficking victims regardless of whether they were born into a state of servitude, were transported to the exploitative situation, previously consented to work for a trafficker, or participated in a crime as a direct result of being trafficked. Holding fundraisers helps maintain these nonprofits. Bali Regional Ministerial Conference On People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime (Bali Process) www.baliprocess.net: Co Chairs' Statements of the first . According to the report, Russia recently expanded bilateral agreements with North Korea that allow for labor camps and "slave-like conditions" for workers within Russian borders. The 2021 U.S. State Department's Trafficking in Persons Report reveals a mixture of troubling and promising trends.
w Trafficking affects all regions and the majority of countries in the world, increasingly Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. 6) Large scale migration is a factor in the occurrence of trafficking in persons. In the U.S. - National Human Trafficking Hotline 1-888-373-7888 Report and avoid any establishments or persons that you believe may be involved in TIP Never act ALONE, you may want to help, but trafficking situations are dangerous For more information on the Department of Defense Combating Trafficking in Persons Program, go to The recruitment,. Exploitation of a minor for commercial sex is human . In addition to helping the organization . It involves the exploitation of people through force, coercion, threat, or deception and includes human rights Fundamentally, trafficking is the exploitation of vulnerability (see also Pratt, 2012). being forced to work because of physical or verbal threats. kyliepugh5235 kyliepugh5235 5 days ago English High School answered Trafficking in persons involves exploiting people for. Target 8.7: Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms. Download [19 MB] In this section / Message From the Secretary of State Message From the Secretary of State
Relevant U.S. and international law describe this compelled service using a number of different terms, including involuntary servitude, slavery or practices similar to slavery, debt bondage, or forced labor. Illegal immigration status Language Age ** All of the Above International efforts to address trafficking can be traced back to the nineteenth century. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Two thirds of this figure ($99 billion) is generated from commercial sexual exploitation, while another $51 billion results . Wiki User. There is no single profile of a trafficking victim. Terrorist, organized crime, and extremist groups use trafficking in persons to fund their operations. 4. Human traffickingalso called trafficking in persons and frequently referred to as modern slaveryinvolves exploiting men, women, and children for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sex. Which of the following is an appropriate action if you come across a trafficking in persons violation? Human trafficking, also known as trafficking in persons or modern-day slavery, is a crime that involves compelling or coercing a person to provide labor or services, or to engage in commercial sex acts. Trafficking is a profitable business for traffickers both in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Sexual exploitation includes forcing an individual to engage Trafficking in persons involves the use of violence, threats or deception to create a pliant and exploit- able work force.1It is a truly global phenomenon: victims from at least 127 countries have been reported, and victims have been reported in 137 countries.2Given this diffusion, it is difficult to estimate the size of the problem.
Gender, age, education, disability, a lack of legal documentation and language barriers may all create or increase the risk of exploitation by traffickers. Human trafficking along the Haitian-Dominican border persists because both sending and receiving countries have a huge economic stake in continuing the stream of undocumented migration, which directly leads to trafficking. Trafficking can be for purposes of sexual exploitation or labor exploitation. It includes: an overview of trafficking patterns; legal steps taken in . Human Trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of people through force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them for profit. Traffickers are denying nearly 25 million people their fundamental right to freedom, forcing them to live enslaved and toil for their exploiter's profit. Since 2001, USAID has prioritized the investment of more than $340 million in 83 countries and regions to .
Sexual exploitation is the abuse of a position of vulnerability, differential power, or trust to . Article 6 Assistance to and protection of victims of trafficking in persons. (Trafficking in Persons Protocol). Human trafficking is a modern form of slavery.
It is often transnational in character and its victims are of both genders and . -All of the above Traffickers exploit people who are vulnerable because of _______. Forcing any person into a sex act in exchange for something of value is by definition sex trafficking. The crime of trafficking in persons takes place when at least one of the "acts" and at least one of the "means" is combined with the "purpose" of exploitation. Hospitality. Human trafficking, also known as trafficking in persons or modern-day slavery, is a crime that involves the exploitation of a person for the purpose of compelled sex or labor.
. The coercion can be subtle or overt, physical or psychological. RIO DE JANEIRO, Jul 28 2018 (IPS) - The rescue earlier this month of 12 Venezuelan and three Colombian women from a prostitution network that recruits migrants in Peru is an example of the complex web where migration and human trafficking often involve victims of forced labour and sexual exploitation. A Global Report on Trafficking in Persons launched today by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) provides new information on a crime that shames us all. Every year, millions of men, women, and children are trafficked worldwide - including right here in the United States. Trafficking in persons involves exploiting people for what?
What trafficking really means is girls groomed and forced into sexual exploitation; men tricked into accepting risky job offers and trapped in forced labour in . The coercion can be subtle or overt, physical or psychological, and may involve the use of violence, threats, lies, or debt bondage. CTIP PMO is responsible for overseeing, developing, and providing the tools necessary for implementing the National Security Presidential Directive (NSPD) 22 within DoD. Any minor (under 18 years of age) involved in commercial sex is a victim of. Modern slavery involves situations where someone has control or ownership over another person and is using this power to exploit them. Importation of people into the United States involving deliberate evasion of immigration laws . To view the PDF files, you will need to download, at no cost, the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Human trafficking usually refers to the process through which individuals are placed or maintained in an exploitative situation for economic gain. The crime of trafficking in persons takes place when at least one of the "acts" and at least one of the "means" is combined with the "purpose" of exploitation. Trafficking in persons involves exploiting people for ________________. It is often described as a modern form of slavery. Human trafficking along the Haitian-Dominican border persists because both sending and receiving countries have a huge economic stake in continuing the stream of undocumented migration, which directly leads to trafficking. Other cases involve business owners exploiting victims into forced labour. Trafficking people exploits them for:Their fares, then they are abandoned or killedSexual slaveryOrgan donationSlave labourSlave domestic. It can happen in any community and victims can be any age, race, gender, or . Overview. To implement Target 8.7, Alliance 8.7 has formed. Trafficking in persons is modern-day slavery, involving victims who are forced, defrauded, or coerced into labor or sexual exploitation. It involves the exploitation of people through force, coercion, threat, and deception and includes human rights abuses such as debt bondage, deprivation of liberty, and lack of control over freedom and labor.1.
Start studying Combating Trafficking in Persons (CTIP) Annual Awareness Web-based Training. Accumulated debt. Trafficking in persons involves exploiting people for _____.. Traffickers look for victims in vulnerable situations such as _____. 2021 Trafficking in Persons Report Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons To request a hard copy of the 2021 Trafficking in Persons Report, please email email@example.com and provide your mailing address. As long as large economic . In fact, in a 2016 report from the China Ministry of Public Security, one of the investigations resulted in the Chinese government's arrest of 464 suspects. Search. C) areas struck by natural disasters & D) regions facing economic hardship Sex traffickers are most likely to take advantage of individuals in which of the following locations? The NSPD 22 declares the United States Government's "zero tolerance" policy for trafficking in . September 10, 2020.
Section 1.Title. w Trafficking in persons, particularly women and children, is an increasing problem that involves both sexual exploitation and labor exploitation of its victims. The 2005 Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report: Its Purpose The Department of State is required by law to submit a report each year to the U.S. Congress on foreign governments' efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons. In the U.S. - National Human Trafficking Hotline 1-888-373-7888 Report and avoid any establishments or persons that you believe may be involved in TIP Never act ALONE, you may want to help, but trafficking situations are dangerous For more information on the Department of Defense Combating Trafficking in Persons Program, go to All types of labour, within every industry, are susceptible to labour exploitation. approximately 80% of trafficking involves sex ual exploitation, and 19% involves labor exploitation. The traffickers often use violence or fraudulent employment agencies and fake . being owned or controlled by an 'employer', usually . In appropriate cases and to the extent possible under its domestic law, each State Party shall protect the privacy and identity of victims of trafficking in persons, including, inter alia, by making legal proceedings relating to such trafficking confidential. 5) One method for combating trafficking in persons is to be informed and learn the signs and indicators of trafficking in persons. As long as large economic . This may encompass providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the extraction of organs or tissues, including for surrogacy and ova removal. Authorities investigated and ended the operations of nine criminal groups engaged in trafficking. Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. The PDF is available as a complete one-piece file and as individual sections for easier download. Sex trafficking encompasses the range of activities involved when a trafficker uses force, fraud, or coercion to compel another person to engage in a commercial sex act or causes a child to engage in a commercial sex act. Human trafficking affects an estimated 25 million people around the world, including adults and children subjected to sexual exploitation and forced labor in domestic servitude and sectors such as fishing, construction, and agriculture. Criminal Code of Canada (Section 279.01-279.04) (1) Every person who recruits, transports, transfers, receives, holds, conceals or harbours a person, or exercises control, direction or influence over the movements of a person, for the purpose of exploiting them or facilitating their exploitation is guilty of an indictable offence and liable. Human trafficking is one of ille gal phenomenon that a ll countries agreed to a bolish. In addition, migrant . The Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) is the United States' comprehensive Federal law on human trafficking. It is hereby declared that the State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees the respect of individual rights. . Many of the practices associated with trafficking are prohibited under international human rights law.
Human trafficking centers on exploitation and is generally defined as: Sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or . True. The crime of sex trafficking is also understood through the "acts," "means," and "purpose . Human trafficking can include but does not require movement. The crime of human trafficking or Trafficking in Persons (TIP) involves violence, control and the 'ownership' of human being - all for profit. In this briefing, Dr. Johnstone provides an overview of the 2021 TIP Report and answer . Trafficking is a crime that can occur across . Labor traffickers are most likely to take advantage of employees in which of the following professions Janitorial services Hospitality industry Trafficking in persons involves exploiting people for Labor Sets with similar terms Combating Trafficking in Persons (CTIP) Annual Awa 10 terms jeffrey_s_kim CTIP awareness 15 terms NAVFAC The Protocol states that the consent of a victim of trafficking to the intended exploitation is irrelevant once it is demonstrated that deception, coercion, force or other prohibited . Violent and exploitative crimes such as sexual slavery in conflict areas typically stem from a trafficking process, as they involve an act (often recruitment and/or transportation) and a means . Human trafficking involves the recruitment, transportation, harbouring and/ or exercising control, direction or influence over the movements of a person in order to exploit that person, typically through sexual exploitation or forced labour. Factory work. C) Labor Traffickers look for victims in vulnerable situations such as ______ .
Numerous factors may make people vulnerable to trafficking in persons. Human rights are universal and hence victims of trafficking are entitled to the full range of human rights, irrespective of their sex, age, race, ethnic origin, nationality, migratory status or other distinction. Human trafficking is a serious crime that abuses people's fundamental rights and dignity. Victims of human trafficking can be anyoneregardless of race, color, national origin, disability, religion, age . What is human trafficking? w Trafficking in . new immigrants, children in the child welfare system, persons living with disabilities, LGBTQ2 persons, and those struggling socially and/or financially. Disabled People: In China, many of the targets for human trafficking are disabled people. Trafficking in persons is a form of modern day slavery. Human trafficking can include . A relatively new form of extraterritorial commercial child sexual exploitation and abuse involves the use of livestreaming, chat, and payment platforms.
These people were all involved in labor trafficking of disabled Chinese citizens in some capacity. Trafficking in persons involves the recruitment, transportation, harbouring and/or control of the movement of persons for the purpose of exploitation, typically for sexual exploitation or forced labour.
5 While the illegal drug trade remains far and away the largest market, human trafficking is the second largest criminal industry in the world, surpassing the trading of illegal firearms This course encompasses a basic overview of human trafficking the illegal entry of aliens into the United States The variation by month in those numbers . Human trafficking is a multi-billion dollar business and one of the fastest-growing illegal industries on the planet. trafficking, is the use of force, fraud, or coercion to compel a person to provide labor, services, or commercial sex. More broadly, almost two-thirds of people convicted of trafficking in persons offences in 2018 were male, although . Retention of identity papers. Box 1. Human trafficking, also known as trafficking in persons or modern-day slavery, is a crime that involves compelling or coercing a person to provide labor or services, or to engage in commercial sex acts. 1. In 2018, the Global Slavery Index estimated that more than 40 million people are living as slaves today. Any child under the age of 18 who is being bought or sold for sex is by definition sex trafficking. Human Trafficking, also known as trafficking in persons, involves the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons through force, fraud, or coercion for the purposes of exploitation in forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation. A. Law enforcement referred 159 notices of suspicion, a necessary precursor to a court trial, involving 92 suspects in 2020, compared with 233 cases involving 120 suspects in 2019. Select all that apply. This Act shall be known as the "Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003.". Trafficking in persons involves exploiting people for __________ . It also includes when any minor in commercial sex work is a victim/survivor of human trafficking.
For 20 years, the Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP Report) has demonstrated the United States' conviction that human trafficking is a global threat necessitating a global response. Victims suffer physical or emotional abuse and often . -Labor Trafficking in persons could take place in which of the following locations? Some common sectors and industries that are identified as vulnerable include: Manufacturing. Traffickers disproportionately target at-risk populations including individuals who have experienced or been exposed to other forms of violence (child abuse and maltreatment, interpersonal violence and sexual . (PDF) Human trafficking is a public health issue that impacts individuals, families, and communities.
. Copy. Human trafficking involves recruiting, transporting, or holding victims to exploit them or to help someone else exploit them, generally for sexual purposes or work.
Human trafficking is compelling individuals into labor/commercial sex work through force, fraud or coercion, for the economic gain of the trafficker. 2017-06-29 06:43:00. Sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which a person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; OR B. The Trafficking in Persons Protocol makes clear in Article 3 that "organ removal" is one of the stipulated forms of exploitation that ought to be prohibited in national laws.
Human trafficking involves the recruitment or movement of people for exploitation by the use of threat, force, fraud, or the abuse of vulnerability. The most widely cited definition of HT is in the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons , which came into force in 2003 (WHO in Human trafficking 2012). The Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP Report) is the world's most comprehensive resource of governmental anti-trafficking efforts and reflects the U.S. Government's commitment to global leadership on this key human rights and law enforcement issue. What is trafficking in persons? Fact Sheet: Human Trafficking. Over 24 million people are forced to work for very little or no payment. Construction. Click here to get an answer to your question Trafficking in persons involves exploiting people for. On July 30 of every year, the world marks the World Day against Trafficking in Persons to help raise awareness on this issue.The US department which investigates countries for its annual Trafficking in Person report has classified 46 countries as Tier 3 from 2011 to 2018. Browse. This Report is the fifth annual TIP Report. Human trafficking involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act. Someone is a victim of modern slavery if they have experienced any of the following. Human trafficking is the process of trapping people through the use of violence, deception or coercion and exploiting them for financial or personal gain. True. In pursuit of this policy, the State shall give highest priority to the enactment .

domain: sociology


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27 October 2006 | revdrcac
Two Rockies for the price of one !!
Allan "Rocky" Lane stars in this 1952 B-western from the closing days of the program films. Lane had risen to fame earlier as the Red Ryder, then starred in this western series. This film concerns stolen ore from a local mine, crooked politics and yellow journalism. Compared to most other films of the series, I feel the plot here was more interesting and well written.
Co-starring as the classic villain is the prolific Roy Barcroft (who often had a higher salary than the lead actors !). Also on hand in this film is Richard Crane, who starred as Space Ranger Rocky Jones in an early TV Sci-Fi series !

domain: movie


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It's Wednesday and I discuss a number of topics today. First, the 'million simulations' that…
This blog extends the discussion in yesterday’s blog – Exploring pro-cyclical budget positions – which is why I am running them on consecutive days. Not that I think any of my readers (Austrian schoolers and other conservatives aside) have memory issues! The discussion that follows focuses on ways in which we can interpret the fiscal stance of a government and hopefully clears up some of the confusion that I read in E-mails I receive from readers. I say that not to put anyone down but rather to recognise that the decompositions of budget outcomes and analysing the direction of fiscal policy on a period-to-period basis is not something that the financial press usually focuses on. In avoid detailed analysis, the press leaves lots of misperceptions unchallenged and often the wrong conclusions are drawn. I am not talking about policy preferences here. Just coming to terms with the facts is sometimes difficult for many commentators to achieve. But, of-course, the “facts” are also sometimes difficult to discover given that the methods used to produce them are often ideologically biased (I am talking here about the decomposition of the actual deficit into structural and cyclical components requires a full employment benchmark, which is where the fun starts.
I wouldn’t want anyone to get the impression that I had a set on Dr Frankel. It is just that his two recent articles represent the classic deficit dove position, which unfortunately holds sway among most progressives, to the detriment of the advancement of progressive thought.
His latest Vox article (January 29, 2013) – http://www.voxeu.org/article/monetary-alchemy-fiscal-science – aims to present a discussion on the relative merits of monetary and fiscal policy for managing the macroeconomy.
Early on, Dr Frankel refers to Keynes who “was associated with support for activist or discretionary policy. The aim was a countercyclical response to economic fluctuations: expansion in recessions, discipline in booms”.
Note the terminology – “expansion in recessions, discipline in booms”. I will return to that.
Dr Frankel claims Milton Friedman – the Chicago monetarist who should bear a significant responsibility for burdening the economics profession with the sort of dud ideas that have rendered mainstream macroeconomics devoid of relevance – opposed “activist or discretionary policy” but shared with Keynes an opposition to:
… procyclical policy moves such as the misguided US tightening in 1937 at a time when the economy had not yet fully recovered.
He correctly notes that:
Many politicians in advanced countries are repeating the mistakes of 1937 today. This is happening despite conditions … qualitatively similar to those that determined Keynes’ policy recommendations in the 1930s … high unemployment, low inflation, and rock-bottom interest rates.
The conservatives in economics are not all that different to the holocaust deniers in history or the climate change deniers in whatever. They reinvent, obscure, redefine, make up stuff, and generally avoid facing the facts. That is natural when they are pushing such a flawed barrow which even the simplest understanding of the facts would reveal.
Dr Frankel thinks that “many of these lessons have been forgotten in recent decades” – whereas I would say that it is not that they have forgotten history – it is just they never understood it and if they did it was inconvenient to their agenda.
Then we encounter this:
… proponents of austerity correctly point out that the long-term consequences of permanent expansionary macroeconomic policy – both fiscal and monetary – are unsustainable deficits, debts, and inflation.
To which I say – no they don’t – correctly that is. This leads me to investigate what we mean by expansionary and contractionary fiscal policy.
Just reflect on the following graph, which shows the US Federal Government deficit as a percent of GDP from 1930 to 2012. The data tells us that 84 per cent of the time, the US federal budget was in deficit.
Does this mean that 84 per cent of the time the US budget deficit was expansionary? Answer: yes, if by expansionary we mean contributing to growth.
Does this mean that for 84 per cent of the time the US budget deficit was appropriate? Answer: no, because we need a benchmark against which we measure appropriateness. That benchmark is usually full employment when the cyclical component of the deficit is zero. More about which soon.
Does this meant that for 84 per cent of the time the US fiscal policy decisions were expansionary? Answer: no, because we need to consider the direction of policy on a year to year (or period to period) basis before we can draw that conclusion. The existence of a a budget deficit is not a sufficient condition for us to conclude that the direction of discretionary policy stance is expansionary.
A deficit, in itself, then doesn’t necessarily signal that the government is pursuing an expansionary fiscal policy stance from period to period, although all deficits signal a net contribution to growth coming from the public sector. That might sound odd to you.
By way of repetition, the federal budget balance is the difference between total federal revenue and total federal outlays. So if total revenue is greater than outlays, the budget is in surplus and vice versa.
The budget balance is wrongly used by all and sundry to indicate the fiscal stance of the government. A budget deficit means that the government sector is injecting net spending into the economy and vice versa.
However, we cannot conclude that changes in the fiscal impact reflect discretionary policy changes. The reason for this uncertainty is that there are automatic stabilisers operating.
The most simple model of the budget balance can be written as:
Budget Balance = Revenue – Spending.
Budget Balance = (Tax Revenue + Other Revenue) – (Welfare Payments + Other Spending)
Tax Revenue and Welfare Payments move inversely with respect to each other, with the latter rising when real GDP growth falls and the former rises with real GDP growth. These components of the budget balance are the so-called automatic stabilisers
In other words, without any discretionary policy changes, the budget balance will vary over the course of the business cycle. When the economy is weak – tax revenue falls and welfare payments rise and so the budget balance moves towards deficit or the deficit rises. When the economy is stronger – tax revenue rises and welfare payments fall and the budget balance becomes increasingly positive. Automatic stabilisers attenuate the amplitude in the business cycle by expanding the budget in a recession and contracting it in a boom.
In other words, the presence of automatic stabilisers make it hard to discern whether the fiscal policy stance (chosen by the government) is contractionary or expansionary at any particular point in time.
To overcome this uncertainty, economists devised what used to be called the Full Employment or High Employment Budget. In more recent times, this concept is now called the Structural Balance.
The Full Employment Budget Balance was a hypothetical construct of the budget balance that would be realised if the economy was operating at potential or full employment. In other words, calibrating the budget position (and the underlying budget parameters) against some fixed point (full capacity) eliminated the cyclical component – the swings in activity around full employment.
So a full employment budget would be balanced if total outlays and total revenue were equal when the economy was operating at total capacity. If the budget was in surplus at full capacity, then we might conclude that the discretionary structure of the budget was contractionary because it was pulling more spending out of the economy than it was putting in. The opposite would apply if the budget was in deficit at full capacity.
However, even then the situation is complicated by the fact that a structural surplus might still be consistent with the direction of discretionary fiscal policy being expansionary. That is, from a surplus position, the government might seek to move the economy towards deficit by reducing the surplus. That would be an expansionary shift even though the budget balance might be dragging on growth – in this case it would be dragging less on growth than before.
The modern method employed by the major multilateral agencies, central banks and government departments is usually based on some variation in the concept of the Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment (the NAIRU) entered the debate – see my blogs – The dreaded NAIRU is still about and Redefing full employment … again!.
The NAIRU became a central plank in the front-line attack on the use of discretionary fiscal policy by governments. It was argued, erroneously, that full employment did not mean the state where there were enough jobs to satisfy the preferences of the available workforce. Instead full employment occurred when the unemployment rate was at the level where inflation was stable.
The NAIRU has been severely discredited as an operational concept but it still exerts a very powerful influence on the policy debate. In Australia, it dominates the potential GDP or full capacity utilisation modelling.
So the decomposition of the budget into the “structural” and “cyclical” components typically uses some variation of the estimated NAIRU to benchmark the demarcation.
The problem is that the NAIRU estimates are almost spurious and biased towards higher unemployment that a reasonable definition of full employment would relate to.
The upshot is that this approach usually underestimates the tax revenue and overestimates the spending and thus concludes the structural balance is more in deficit (less in surplus) than it actually is.
They thus systematically understate the degree of discretionary contraction coming from fiscal policy.
The US Congressional Budget Office follows this defective methodology. They provide a detailed account – Measuring the Effects of the Business Cycle on the Federal Budget of how they calculate the impacts of the automatic stabilisers – that is, decompose the budget outcome into structural and cyclical components. They also provide annual and quarterly data.
In effect, their methodology leads them to understate the degree of excess capacity (that is, underestimate the GDP gap).
But whatever method they use, the CBO still attempt to net out of the actual budget balance the cyclical effects of the automatic stabilisers. The intent is to produce an estimate of the discretionary component of the budget so that a more informed commentary on government policy can be made.
On Page 3 of the CBO document we read:
Calculations of the cyclically adjusted budget attempt to remove the effects of the business cycle on revenues and outlays (that is, the cyclical part of the budget).
The most recent CBO data which begins in 1960. Accepting their estimates of the decomposition between structural and cyclical components at face value I produced the following graph. I gave the value 1 in each period for a structural deficit (blue column), a budget balance (red column) and a structural surplus (green column). The graph shows overwhelmingly (in a very explicit way) how many “structural deficits” there were between 1960 and 2011.
If the decomposition of the structural components were available before then we would see more blue columns and hardly any green ones.
The following graph shows the decomposition of the CBO data since 1960 and the structural deficit as a percentage of GDP for the US. The normal situation over this long period has been a structural deficit.
How might this help us detect the shifts in the fiscal stance? In the previous graph, any time the structural (green) line heads upwards it signals that the shift in discretionary fiscal policy is contractionary. The opposite applies when the green line heads downwards.
So in 2001, the federal budget was in surplus (both components) but the shift in the structural component went from 1.2 per cent of potential GDP in 2000 to 0.6 per cent of GDP, which signalled an expansionary shift in fiscal policy.
Remember I would not trust the CBO potential GDP estimates. But the data allows us to get some idea of the way in which fiscal policy has shifted over this 52 year span.
The next graph expresses the data in the previous graph in a different way. The blue bars are the years when the structural deficit increased (that is, a discretionary expansion), while the red bars signify years in which the change in the structural deficit was negative (that is, a discretionary contraction).
Over the period shown, the US economy has enjoyed an overall budget deficit 90 per cent of the time, whereas the shift in the structural component of fiscal policy has been expansionary about 50 per cent of the time.
The point is that if there is a deficit of say 2 per cent of GDP today and last week it was 3 per cent of GDP, then this would not be considered a sign
I created this Table to help the discussion. The data is stylised and should be interpreted on a year to year basis.
The conclusion in Column 4 (Discretionary Policy stance) can be taken to mean what the intention of the government is in each annual budget. So in Year 1, there is a structural deficit of 3 per cent of GDP and no cyclical deficit. That means the economy is at full employment and the overall budget deficit of 3 per cent is the desired fiscal position. The impact of the government sector is expansionary in the sense that it is supporting growth (and full employment).
Then in Year 2, something happens to private spending (implied) and the economy departs from full employment. How do we know that? The cyclical component is now in deficit meaning the automatic stabilisers (triggered by the departure from full employment) have increased aggregate demand. The structural position is expansionary as is the overall fiscal position.
In the shift to Year 3, the economy deteriorates further and the structural deficit is smaller than in Year 2, signifying a contractionary fiscal position even though the overall budget balance remains the same (4 per cent of GDP) and is expansionary. The loss of discretionary net spending is offset by the automatic stabiliser boost.
In Year 4, the discretionary component moves to a larger deficit (an expansion) and the cyclical component declines, signifying a strengthening economy even though the budget deficit overall is unchanged and remains expansionary.
Year 5, fiscal austerity goes into gear and the discretionary position is contractionary and is offset by the cyclical shift as a result of the declining growth in the economy.
Finally, in Year 6, the discretionary position tightens further and the cyclical position is zero. This is not a real world example, but this might have occurred if there was a sudden boost in net exports that drove domestic growth so strongly that the economy moved back to full employment (automatic stabilisers are zero) and the overall budget into surplus. In this case, the intended impact of the government is contractionary (presumably to keep a lid on inflation) and the overall impact of the government is contractionary.
Australian Prime Minister buys into the myths
There was a major story in the Melbourne Age this morning (January 30, 2013) – PM gets tough on deals for well-off – which characterises the misconceptions that about when the public is informed of budget matters.
It also illustrates an important point about the difference between the composition of the budget and its level.
The Australian Prime Minister announced that her government was going to make “big ‘structural’ cuts in spending” in the up-coming budget (which is an election year budget – the election will be on September 14, 2013). The targets of the cuts are a “range of concessions and tax breaks enjoyed by wealthier Australians”.
She claims that the “cuts are necessary for the government to fund its signature education and disability reforms, which are likely to be the centrepiece of its campaign” to win re-election.
Apparently, the cuts “were ‘tough and necessary’ in a new ‘low-revenue environment'” which has arisen because the government has been obsessively pursuing a budget surplus at a time when non-government spending growth is relatively weak. As a consequence, tax revenue is falling as the government kills real GDP growth.
Their response – further cuts in spending to chase the cyclical cuts in revenue caused by the earlier cuts in spending. What has to give – employment growth. That is about as smart as it gets! This is a pitiful display of fiscal management.
The politics are simple. The Government is about to lose office because it has alienated everyone with its mismanagement, much of which has arisen because it has kow-towed to wealthy vested interests – for example, abandoning its early climate change initiatives; tightening refugee policy to the point it is inhumane; refusing to increase the unemployment benefit despite everyone now acknowledging it is well below the poverty line; maintaining the pernicious Northern Territory intervention (which amounts to Stalinist tactics in relation to indigenous communities; the refusal to fund public education appropriately while at the same time maintaning the conservative bias towards private education funding; and the ruthless internal party assassination of the popularly elected former Prime Minister – to name a few of the issues that have destroyed their popular appeal, after they stormed to power in 2007 with a massive majority and massive goodwill to make real changes.
Anyway, now they think by attacking high income and wealthy Australians they will re-connect with the working class tories who abandoned them long ago.
As more background, the previous conservative government which ran for 11 years and ran 10 out of 11 years of surplus while the private domestic sector was racking up record levels of debt and is now incapable of returning to the sort of spending growth that the credit-binge fuelled, had, in typical conservative form, handed out massive welfare support to the high income cohort.
Massive tax concessions, incredibly generous superannuation handouts, ridiculous handouts to the expensive private schools, aid to private hospitals and life-support funding to private health insurance companies who then sheltered behind the protection and hiked rates and took massive “management fees” out and the rest of the scams that redistributed national income to the top-end-of-town.
At the same time, the recipients of this largesse, the so-called influential Australians, were leading the charge against single mums on income support (receiving a pittance); the unemployed on the dole (they were characterised as bludgers), public school teachers (characterised as having too many holidays and being over-paid); and all the rest of the attacks on the welfare state that was funnelled into their trough.
It has been a really disgusting period in our history to see the double-standards displayed as crudely and wantonly as they have.
So even though I am a high income earner I have no problem supporting massive cuts to high-income “welfare” and all forms of corporate welfare. The problem I have is cutting government spending per se.
The Government thinks it is onto a political winner but the rising unemployment that will result from the failure to expand the budget deficit to a more appropriate growth-supporting level will be the final nail in their coffin. Everyone will realise all the hype about fiscal responsibility etc has created a policy environment which has failed to even protect jobs.
There is often a need to change the composition of the budget outcome to redirect support to one cohort and take from another. But that should not be confused with maintaining a particular level of fiscal support for growth as discussed in the earlier part of the blog.
The fact is that the Australian budget deficit is too low by at least 2 per cent of GDP. So I applaud shifts in the composition of the fiscal position but urge the government to abandon its flawed notion that running surpluses is an end in itself and a sign of fiscal responsibility – independent of what is happening elsewhere in the economy.
I have run out of time so there will be no extend critique of the approach taken by Dr Frankel. It is predictable.
1. Budget deficits drive up interest rates – No they don’t.
2. “One never knows, for example, when rising debt levels might suddenly alarm global investors who then abruptly start demanding higher interest rates” – when has that happened for a sovereign, currency issuing nation since 1971 (when fixed exchange rates were abandoned)?
3. “… as happened to countries on the European periphery in 2010” – the Eurozone is a special case where the member states use a foreign currency (the Euro) and have no control over monetary policy. None of what has happened in the Eurozone in terms of bond markets is applicable to currency-issuing nations. The latter can control yields on their own debt whenever they want.
4. “In the case of stimulus in the form of tax cuts, one never knows how much of the boost to disposable income will be saved by households rather than spent” – it doesn’t matter. The more that is saved the larger the stimulus has to be. A responsible fiscal position always has to be consistent and ratifying the overall saving desires of the non-government sector. If it doesn’t then the economy cannot achieve and sustain full employment.
5. “expansions in recessions, discipline in booms” – which is not the same thing as running surpluses in a boom and deficits in a recession. It is all about the direction of the discretionary policy rather than the actual balance that defines the fiscal stance.
When the economy is at full employment (booming) and nominal demand looks like exceeding the real capacity of the real economy to absorb the extra spending, then the direction of fiscal policy has to be contractionary even though there might be a large overall deficit. The size of the deficit should be determined (as in Point 4) by what the non-government sector is doing and where the economy is in relation to the full employment benchmark.
That is enough for today!
(c) Copyright 2013 Bill Mitchell. All Rights Reserved.

domain: economics


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domain: pet


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This image shows the five major ocean gyres. It shows that gyres rotate in a clockwise direction in the Northern hemisphere and a counter-clockwise direction in the Southern hemisphere. The black square shows the approximate location of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and the red circle shows the position of the Beaufort gyre in the Arctic Ocean.
Click on image for full size
Windows Original (Original map is from Wikipedia Commons)
Have you ever played with a toy called a gyroscope? It spins around and around. Scientists use the similar word gyre to explain something that moves in a circle. There are gyres in the ocean that are huge swirling bodies of water
. They can take up a whole ocean.
In fact, the biggest ocean gyres are named for the oceans
they are found in: North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South
Pacific and Indian Ocean gyres. A simple drawing of those can be seen on this page.
One of the biggest ocean gyres, the North Pacific gyre, is home to an area called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. This area contains a lot of litter! It covers an area about twice the size of Texas and contains about 3 million tons of plastic litter.
There are smaller gyres in the ocean too. One of the smaller gyres is called the Beaufort gyre and it is in the Arctic Ocean. Scientists have been studying the Beaufort gyre a lot recently because it could actually impact the climate (long-term weather patterns) in North American and Western Europe.
Ocean gyres are currents on the top of the ocean that are driven by the winds of the Earth. Ocean gyres in the Northern hemisphere rotate clockwise and gyres in the Southern hemisphere rotate counter-clockwise.
You might also be interested in:
Do you want to learn about how water moves through the Arctic Ocean? Then put your finger on the map on this page. Start on the blue line to the far left of the map. This is where water enters the Arctic...more
The water at the ocean surface is moved by powerful wind. The wind is able to move the top 400 meters of the ocean. This moving water is called surface ocean currents. Surface ocean currents form large...more
Wind is moving air. Warm air rises, and cool air comes in to take its place. This movement creates the winds around the globe. Winds move at different speeds and have different names based on their speed....more
An aquifer is the name for a layer of rock which is capable of holding a large amount of water. Some layers are better at holding water than others, for example a layer of sandstone can hold a good deal...more
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Rivers are very important to Earth because they are major forces that shape the landscape. Also, they provide transportation and water for drinking, washing and farming. Rivers can flow on land or underground...more

domain: physics


text:
Submitted by the People’s Democratic Congress
Income lending in Barbados only takes place when persons, businesses and other social entities – on the basis of oral/written agreements – lend portions of their incomes/payments/transfers (expressed in dollar terms) to one another, or in some cases, to the government – on condition that these latter repay such portions of income/payments/transfers, with more of the same, at whatever times in the future.
This is some thing that happens on a daily basis in Barbados, and whether these loans are drawn from their own internal personal accounts, or from their own external institutional accounts (banks, credit unions, etc.), this type of income lending is non-institutional in nature, and does not normally involve interest charges. Also, the old su su or the meeting turn is a form of such lending.
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domain: finance


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The WorldView-2 satellite is equipped with the most advanced control moment gyro, and is the first high-resolution 8-band multi-spectral satellite for commercial use. Like the WorldView-1 satellite, the WorldView-2 satellite is highly agile, has rapid targeting, and is able to carry out efficient in-track stereo collection. As it has a higher orbital altitude than the WorldView-1 satellite, it also has a shorter revisit time. The WorldView-2 satellite is able to collect 50 cm-resolution panchromatic images and 2.0 m-resolution 8-band multi-spectral images within a 975,000 km2 area in one day.
This section provides an introduction to product levels based on differences in correcting methods for positional accuracy, and production options based on differences in image processing levels. Based on differences in the correction methods for product level positional accuracy, we provide nine types of images; "Basic Imagery," "Standard Imagery (two types)," and "Orthorectified Imagery (six types)."
Basic Imagery: Images targeted at customers who are able to undertake an advanced degree of image processing
Only radiometric correction and sensor correction are carried out.
Standard Imagery: Images targeted at general customers
In addition to radiometric correction and sensor correction, geometric correction is also carried out for distortions arising as a result of the earth's spherical surface. Furthermore, with regard to reference ellipsoid, images are corrected applying coarse DEM in order to normalize for topographic relief.
Ortho Ready Standard Images are targeted at customers who wish to carry out orthorectification on their own. These images are provided alongside the RPC information needed in the correction process. Please refer to the product guide for details.
Orthorectified Imagery: Images targeted at customers using images for GIS application and the creation of maps
In addition to radiometric correction, sensor correction, and geometric correction, terrain correction is also carried out using DEM and GCP. As mapping is made onto a map projection plane, these images can be used to detect changes and for other analytical applications that require a high level of absolute precision.
Types of Orders
Orders may be made for all satellites; QuickBird, WorldView-1, and WorldView-2.
Select Tasking is positioned as an entry-level ordering format for orders of new acquisition or collected images.
Orders are accepted for the shooting period requested by customers (maximum of 365 days).
Feasibility studies for acquisitions are carried out, and the customer is informed of the probability of conducting successful acquisition during the collection windows specified by the customer.
New collection or imaging orders for basic stereo pair images for the WorldView-1 satellite can only be ordered under the Select Tasking program (specified collection windows must be more than 90 days).
■Select Plus Tasking
Orders may be made for all satellites; QuickBird, WorldView-1, and WorldView-2.
Select Plus Tasking provides a higher level of service than Select Tasking. As a result of feasibility studies, Select Plus Tasking customers are provided with a shorter collection windows than Select Tasking customers for regions that we receive many acquisition orders.
Orders are accepted for the collection windows requested by customers (maximum of 365 days).
Feasibility studies for acquisitions are carried out, and the customer is informed of the probability of conducting successful acquisitions during the collection windows specified by the customer.
Orders may be made for QuickBird and WorldView-2 satellites.
DigitalGlobe (Hitachi Solutions) exerts the greatest effort into ensuring successful acquisitions during the collection windows for Assured Tasking orders.
During the collection windows agreed upon before the order is placed, DigitalGlobe (Hitachi Solutions) puts its best effort into providing the satellite capability that is necessary for success in Assured Tasking.
Customers may specify the shooting period (maximum of 365 days).
Feasibility studies for acquisitions are carried out, and DigitalGlobe (Hitachi Solutions) provides customers with a recommended collection windows.
In the case that the customer decides to place an order through Assured Tasking, the customer will be required to agree to this recommended collection windows (it may not necessarily be possible to agree to the collection windows that the customer requests for).
In the event that all acquisitions/imaging cannot be conducted successfully during the collection windows (for example, when weather conditions are extremely poor, or when unforeseen circumstances arise), customers will be asked to select one of the following options:
1. To extend the collection windows. A new collection window to continue acquiring for the areas that were not acquired successfully will be proposed to the customer.
2. To terminate the acquisition. However, customers must purchase the images that were successfully acquired or imaged.
Points to Note when Purchasing Images
WorldView-2 satellite images may only be used upon the customers' agreement to the "DigitalGlobe Product End-User License Agreement." Please read the contents of the agreement carefully prior to your purchase.
All products and derivative products must clearly show the following copyright notices.
Products: "©DigitalGlobe, Inc., All Rights Reserved."
Derivative products: "Includes copyrighted material of DigitalGlobe, Inc., All Rights Reserved."
Characteristics of WorldView-2
8-band multispectral sensor
WorldView-2 satellite is equipped with high-resolution 8-band multispectral sensor that has four new bands (Coastal, Yellow, Red Edge, and NIR2) in addition to the four bands (Blue, Green, Red, NIR1) in the QuickBird satellite.
Characteristics of the new four bands
■Coastal (400 to 450 nm)
This band supports vegetation identification and analysis based upon its chlorophyll absorption characteristics. As it has a high degree of water penetration attribute, it can be applied to bathymetry surveys for depth, monitoring of coastal regions, and analyses of coral reefs. In addition, as it is susceptible to the impact of atmospheric scattering, it is also used in investigating atmospheric correction techniques.
■Yellow (585 to 625 nm)
This band is used to specify the "spectral characteristics of yellow" for land features, which is important in the analysis of water turbidity and vegetation applications. It is also used to create true-color hue correction that look natural to the human eye.
■RedEdge (705 to 745 nm)
It can be applied to stress analysis for vegetation.
■NIR2 (860 to 1,040 nm)
It provides a clear distinction between vegetation and non-vegetation, and supports broader vegetation analysis and biomass studies.
Efficacy of 8-band analysis: Enhances accuracy of land cover classification
Classification accuracy = 47.3%
Classification accuracy = 76.5%
Land cover classification based on 8-band images enables detailed classification that was difficult to achieve with conventional 4-band images.
The following figure shows the land cover classification results for 11 items using QuickBird and WorldView-2 simulation images. This example demonstrates an improvement in accuracy of approximately 30% for an 8-band analysis as compared to a 4-band analysis.
Efficacy of 8-band analysis: Enhances color reproducibility
The case of WorldView-2 satellite
Using 8-band information from the WorldView-2 satellite improves color reproducibility. The figure on the right shows a simulation example.
Each cell in the following figure shows the actual color in the upper portion and the reproduced color using each satellite sensor in the lower portion. From this figure, it is clear that the WorldView-2 satellite can reproduce the actual colors.
*Display on a computer may be dependent upon the software used.
The WorldView-2 satellite has approximately five times the acquisition capability of the QuickBird satellite.
If operation of the WorldView-2 satellite commences under the current double-satellite operation, the daily acquisition capability would be 1,910,000 km2 (approximately five times that of Japan's total land area). With that, we can expect an expansion in the scope of development for image archives and improvements in the frequency of image updates.
Enhancement of image archive line-up
With a three-satellite system in combination with QuickBird and WorldView-1, daily collection capability would improve significantly, resulting in the further enhancement of our image archive line-up.
WorldView-2 Satellite Specifications
|Launched||October 8, 2009|
|Pixel resolution||Panchromatic||0.46 m (Nadir)|
|Multispectral||1.84 m (Nadir)|
|Onboard sensors||Panchromatic: 450 to 800 nm
Coastal: 400 to 450 nm
Blue: 450 to 510 nm
Green: 510 to 580 nm
Yellow: 585 to 625 nm
Red: 630 to 690 nm
RedEdge: 705 to 745 nm
Near-infrared 1: 770 to 895 nm
Near-infrared 2: 860 to 1,040 nm
(Within 30º off-Nadir)
|1.1 days (resolution below 1 m) 3.7 days (52 cm resolution)|
|Swath width||16.4 km (Nadir)|
|Max contiguous area collected
(in a single pass)
|Normal imaging: 96 km x 110 km
Stereo imaging: 48 km x 110 km
|Geolocation accuracy||Precision Horizontal error: 6.5 m (CE90%)*|
|Overpass time||10:30 a.m.|
|Launch vehicle Lauching rocket||Boeing Delta II|
|Launch site||Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, United States|
|Orbit altitude||770 km (Sun-synchronous orbit)|
|Orbit period||100 minutes|
*excluding terrain and off-nadir effects

domain: geography


Effects on hurricane igor
Hurricane igor could strike bermuda this weekend, catastrophe modeler air worldwide corp said tuesday in an analysis, boston-based air said igor is likely to remain a major hurricane through friday. The effects of hurricane igor the people of newfoundland and labrador are used to watching natural disasters on television, not usually do they get to expierence them up front but on september 22, 2010 newfoundland and labrador was hit by hurricane igor,a. Hurricane igor is a category 3 storm with maximum sustained winds of 125 mph, according to the national hurricane center in miami hurricane igor is centered about 390 miles northeast of the.
Images related to hurricane floyd effects on coastal ecology image hurricane matthew floods the carolinas hurricane igor acquired september 13, 2010, this natural-color image shows hurricane igor, a category 4 hurricane, over the atlantic ocean atmosphere water severe storms. Hurricane igor grazes the island nation of bermuda at one point, hurricane igor was an intense, category 4 hurricane with a trajectory that put it on a course that would bring it very close to of directly hitting bermuda. Hurricane igor was one of the biggest storms to hit newfoundland it wreaked havoc on the area when it struck sept 21, 2010 the category 1 storm caused $200 million in damage and led to one death.
Because hurricane igor is a large storm and even if igor doesn't make a direct landfall in bermuda, the extent of the winds (the wind field) is so large that the national hurricane center noted that bermuda can be buffeted by winds of hurricane-force or tropical storm-force on its current track. Hurricane joaquin began its crash course for the central and southern bahamas the strongest atlantic storm since hurricane igor in 2010, this natural disaster’s effects persist today. Hurricane igor barreled through the southern, eastern and central regions of newfoundland on september 21st, wreaking havoc beyond anything in residents’ memory. Hurricanes and climate change a view of hurricane igor's eye from the international space station warming in one part of the world has unexpected effects in others hurricane sandy, for. Update this amazing story also because of hurricane igor i think the canadian parties are going to be pushed to the left hard on the political spectrum.
The hydrologic cycle, or the water cycle, is the continuous cycling of water through the atmosphere, ocean, land surface, cryosphere, and biosphere the hydrologic cycle is mainly driven by energy from the sun. Hurricane igor was a destructive tropical cyclone which passed by bermuda and struck the island of newfoundland this storm was a powerful category four hurricane with winds as high as 155 miles per hour igor brushed bermuda as a minor hurricane with minimal damage. The second largest hurricane to form in the atlantic was hurricane igor at 920 miles, with hurricane katrina being the smallest of the ten at 415 miles in diameter -- but in terms of overall.
Effects on hurricane igor
This is a followup summary of information and meteorological data from hurricane igor's impact in newfoundland on monday and tuesday september 20th and 21st 2010. The remnant moisture from hurricane willa will make its way here by the end of the work week all that moisture moving into a cooler air mass will make for a potentially miserable day for friday. Hamilton, bermuda – tourists lined up to catch the last flights off bermuda on saturday, and residents stocked up on emergency supplies to prepare for hurricane igor.
[catch up on hurricane igor’s impact on bermuda from this nhc tropical cyclone report] as always it is important to follow official updates from the bermuda weather service (the only official source of weather information for bermuda) to stay aware of and prepared for any inclement weather. Get the latest hurricane info find new orleans, louisiana and nationwide updates and pictures of the latest storm news and extreme weather coverage from nolacom.
2 intense hurricane igor slowed its forward speed on 13 september, while maintaining a nearly due westward heading across the tropical atlantic. Backgrounder igor retired from hurricane name list environment canada has succeeded in its bid to have the world meteorological organization (wmo), regional association iv, hurricane committee officially retire the name igor from its rotating list of hurricane names for the atlantic. The national hurricane center declared that tropical storm erika dissipated near the north coast of eastern cuba at 9:30 am edt on saturday, aug 29, 2015 it was at this time that hurricane.


Gas transportation from eastern Caspian coast to strengthen energy safety of Azerbaijan
Europe looks for additional sources of gas delivery and the Azerbaijans role in the process considerably grows. Azerbaijan will produce around 20bn cu m of gas by 2015, Natig Aliyev, the Industry and Energy Minister, said, Trend reports.
According to Aliyev, Europe shows great interest in the East-West energy corridor, particularly, transportation of Kazakh and Turkmen gas to the European countries.
Aliyev noted that there were not technical problems in the solution of the issue. It is only necessary to make efforts and hold negotiations. The sides consider the project on construction of Transcaspian gas pipeline to transport gas through Azerbaijan. The project is practicable in the technical point of view. The depth of the Caspian Sea is also favorable for implementation of the project. It will costs depend on the route to be chosen. The length of the pipeline may comprise from 350 to 400 km.
Azerbaijan will receive a profit as transit country through gas transportation. Besides, the alternative gas source, which may be used in case of need, will allow increase of energy safety of the country.


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4 Tips to Improve Overall Health
On Sundays I always like to provide the membership with nutritional and lifestyle information. This week I thought I would focus on lifestyles choices you can make to improve your overall health.
Making slight changes to your daily routine can have a huge impact to your future health in regards to your chances of developing heart disease, stroke, diabetes, liver problems and certain cancers
1) Don't Smoke, and if you do..STOP. Smoking causes lung cancer and other cancers and increases your risk of heart disease. The benefits to your health improve rapidly the moment you quit smoking.
2) Do some regular Physical Exercise. A sedentary lifestyle can lead to many physical and mental health issues. Consistent physical activities that elevate your heart rate for a period of time can have great benefits to your overall health in regards to weight, mental health, and heart health.
3) Eat a Healthy Diet. Fruits, vegetables, wholegrain foods, lean meat and poultry, and a limit on your salt intake are all key components to a healthy diet.
4) Limit your alcohol intake. Studies have shown that adults who consume alcohol regularly are at risk of liver problems, diabetes, and mental health issues.
Hope this information helps!

domain: health


Check dams constructed across gullies will serve as an effective water harvesting structure like mini percolation ponds. Even though their main purpose is for controlling the development of gullies, series of check dams across a gully course will help augment the filling up of water in the existing wells nearby on both sides of the gully. Check dams is an structures built on at 500 feet distances in water canal.
|SPECIFICATION FOR BUND CROSS SECTION|
|Depth of soil (m)||Base width (m)||Top width (m)||Height (m)||Side slope (m)||Area cross section (sq.m)|
|Shallow soils (7.5 � 22.5 cm)||2.67||0.38||0.75||1.5 : 1||1.14|
|Medium soil (22.5 � 45 cm)||3.12||0.60||0.85||1.5 : 1||1.56|
|Medium deep soils||4.25||0.60||0.90||1.5 : 1||2.18|
Different types of check dams :


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I love this product! My skin has never looked so good! You will love it!
Good post !!You made some good points here. I did a search on the topic and found most people agree with your blog. Thanks
Your blog held my interest right to the very end, which is not always an easy thing to do!!
we are committed to natural organic skin and body care

domain: beauty


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Latest John Fryxell Stories
Ecologists have been active in their response to the publishing of a new study in the June issue of the Ecological Society of America's journal Ecology.
Building a highway through Serengeti National Park may devastate one of the world's last large-scale herd migrations and the region's ecosystem.
Hunting and fishing quotas limit the number of game animals or fish an individual may take based on harvests from the previous year.
- The act of burning, scorching, or heating to dryness; the state or being thus heated or dried.
- In medicine, cauterization.

domain: biology


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With the arrival of advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, the healthcare industry has seen some hope to cope up with the myriad of challenges that it faces. The emergence of the digital revolution aligns perfectly with the healthcare sector’s urgent need to improve the quality of services and deal with aging populations and chronic diseases. The advent of technologies like AI and IoT has generated a new paradigm and strengthened healthcare delivery. With a mountain of untapped potential still left in the healthcare industry, technologies like AI and IoT can enable humanity to counter every known disease and solve every problem of the healthcare sector. VBRI works extensively to develop solutions that can work on new-age technologies like cloud computing, AI, machine learning, etc. and help in the strengthening of the healthcare sector.
Healthcare sector is of utmost priority to VBRI group. We offer an entire spectrum of services in the sector of healthcare. Not only does our team of technocrats develop solutions that can work with new technologies, but our research division is also dedicated to finding cures for various health issues. With our three primary targets being lifestyle diseases, cardiac diseases, and general healthcare, we strive to bring change in the equipment and methods and employ the latest technology. By developing new technological solutions, VBRI intends to create zero distance between health infrastructure and patients. Our work in this sector is with the vision of ensuring secure healthcare for the last man in the world. By amalgamating technologies like IoT, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning, VBRI intends to create infrastructure in which the services go to the patients and not the other way around!
The future of the healthcare sector is in the implementation of smart technologies and technical innovations. With challenges like increasing population and depleting resources, it is high time that the healthcare industry finds some permanent solutions. Although the implementation of technologies like Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning has already started, there is a long way full of possibilities yet to be explored. Technologies like IoT and AI are on an unprecedented rise. The future holds a key role to be played by these technologies in the development of healthcare systems. Tasks like tracing, tracking, and monitoring of patients are quite critical for good healthcare. Technologies like IoT and AI have a huge potential to improve these processes exponentially.
mHospitals is a one-of-a-kind virtual hospital platform that VBRI has developed keeping in mind the convenience and comfort of the patient. With mHospitals app, your doctor is just a click away!
All you need to do is fill in details about your condition and you’ll be assigned a doctor from among hundreds of doctors registered with the app. You can chat with your doctor, video call, schedule a visit, get valuable diagnosis, and do so much more and still be in the comfort of your home. mHospitals has revolutionised the world of self-care and virtual hospital. It has surely realized a dream that still seemed distant to mankind. It is a grand step that VBRI has taken towards its goal of minimizing the barriers like distance in the access to healthcare.
VBRI develops healthcare-specific platforms and tools that fulfill various needs and improve healthcare provider productivity. Our solutions help healthcare organizations perform better. These solutions can help the internal resources of a healthcare provider respond very quickly to the patients and their ailments. Our team of experts has developed solutions that are tailor-made for the healthcare industry. If you are a healthcare service provider and looking to optimize your resources, then VBRI is the place for you.
We customize our solutions and also build new ones for you keeping in mind the requirements of your workspace. We help you optimize processes, ensure continuance, and implement all the protective measures in your workspace and make you a quality healthcare service provider. Our solutions are tried and tested to improve the services of a healthcare provider exponentially.
The convenience of the patients is our priority and we work extensively to ensure that. With our advanced products like mHospitals, we bring the services to you in the comfort of your homes. Instead of going out and spending valuable resources like time, money, and energy, you can simply make an e-visit to your doctor and get the valuable insights any time. These e-visits are small examples of what technology can do in the healthcare sector. We, at VBRI, strive to implement new-age technology to improve the accessibility of quality healthcare. It is our mission to create zero distance between the patients and secure healthcare. The technology that has been developed today has shown tremendous potential and VBRI is helping facilitate that development in the healthcare sector.
If you are a medical facility, a daycare center, a clinic, or a primary healthcare center that is looking to improve its productivity, then VBRI is the place for you.
Avail our services to build world-class business solutions

domain: medical


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For those that missed it (and considering the massive impact few could), a huge meteorite hit earth last week in Russia. In the land of the dash camera, videos far and wide captured the very rare event in its full shining glory – a missile like streak through the sky and an incredible window breaking crash following soon after. For the Russian population the event was one that stirred memories of the not so distant past, one of the tree flattening Tunguska event in Siberia just over 100 years ago. That blast was the largest impact event on earth in recorded history.[see_also]
So how does this latest impact measure up? Space.com put together this infographic to explore this latest blast, looking at factors like the meteorites initial size, the locations of the two blasts, and a comparison of other impacts in our solar system. Perhaps the most sobering fact they note: there was no warning of the impending impact. Being much smaller than currently tracked objects in space, scientists are saying that we may not have any warning for events of this size in the near future… it’s just something we have to live with.
Need help creating incredible infographics? Let Column Five hook you up.

domain: astronomy