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Fluid Journal : Winter 2013
17 The Fluid Journal Winter 2013 opportunity to instruct students, hand- in-hand with industry, has been a huge advantage. “What has changed is that we have more direct industry input into our research and extension programs,” Thornton explains. “This occurs through industry cooperators as well as other supporters like the Treasure Valley Agriculture Coalition that provides funding as well as advice on station operations. Another benefit is expanding the range of groups we are working with to conduct research. For example, several companies have brought products to us to get third party efficacy data due to our relationship with Simplot.” Currently, most of the research being conducted has focused on N and P fertilizer–use efficiency. By allowing a greater proportion of these fertilizer products to be accessed and used by a particular crop, the less likely they are to be used in excess and lost to the environment. An additional focus of time and resources at Parma has been addressing solutions to help address the global food security crisis. One of the specific projects is long-term and deals with corn production. In an attempt to push yield goals by incorporating seed varieties, organic inputs (compost) have improved P and N fertilizer efficiency materials as well as plant populations, which allows addressing the seriousness associated with improving food security issues before the world is faced with food deficiencies in the future. Feedback good “This is our fourth year of working with Simplot and the feed-back from local growers has been positive regarding this unique cooperation between our University and private industry,” says Thornton. “Growers tell us the research conducted here is very important in keeping them competitive in terms of production costs and quality required in a global market. We help them use water, fertilizer, and pesticides more efficiently, as well as adopt new varieties and cultural practices.” Simplot is currently cooperating in soil fertility research trials on potatoes, corn, wheat, and onions. This also includes support in potato variety trials as well as improved genetics on potatoes. Trials are developed in a coordinated manner, input costs are covered for each trial by Simplot, while the trials are maintained (tillage, planting, irrigation, and crop protectants) by the University faculty and staff. The educational environment Simplot has at Parma simply couldn’t be better. While not all the answers are available for these complex issues, the relationship between Simplot and the University of Idaho can help provide local answers that may very well be used both on a national and global scale in the near future. MAXIMIZE PROFITS Root Growth Stimulator is a synergistic formulation of zinc and ammonium acetate that stimulates the plant to generate a greater volume of healthier roots. The result is a plant with more vigor and greater stress tolerance that produces higher yields and higher profits. learn more at: www.nulex.com Visit your Nulex Distributor or contact a sales representative at 800-831-4815 Dr. Tindall is Senior Agronomist for the J. R . Simplot Company in Boise, Idaho, and also member of the Fluid Fertilizer Foundation Board of Directors and its Editorial Committee.
Early Spring 2013

domain: agronomy


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belle enfant ribbed tights ivory are a great staple accessory for any outfit during colder weather. knitted from a cotton blend, in a thick, ribbed fabric. they are toasty and stylish.cotton blend
Kodomo sources styles that define luxury not by labels but with design, process, and intent. Read more about our approach to sustainable fashion here.

domain: fashion


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Notes on copying the CC licensed parts of this website
I have consciously and willingly published this essay under a [BY-NC-SA license]() that does allow for noncommercial verbatim copying because I think it’s important that it is as available as possible. This said, you are kindly requested to not republish integral copies of the whole essay or any of its sections anywhere else online (including mailing lists, social networks etc…). Excerpts with links here, instead, are always very welcome, of course!
The reason is very simple. The more full, verbatim copies appear online, the less people will read the same work here, where it is already available for free to everybody with an Internet connection. I and the other authors of the book don’t get any royalty from book sales, and I have no employers or sponsors: the only money I may get as a direct reward for the time and effort put in writing the essay is through the banners on this site (and referrals fees from Amazon if you buy the book clicking on the link in the left bar). So not copying verbatim the whole text on other websites, but inviting whoever is interested to read it here may very well be the best way you may have to show that you like this work and want to support his author.

domain: literature


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Coco Flaunts Curves in Sexy Devil Halloween Costume (PHOTOS)
She was joined by hubby Ice-T, who dressed up as Hannibal Lecter. Once inside, the two partied all night — even taking time to pose for photos with fans.
Last month, Coco helped designer Richie Rich debut his SVEDKA_GRL Halloween costume. She struck a pose in the curve-hugging ensemble. But the reveal didn’t come without a wardrobe malfunction earlier in the evening. She made quite an entrance during Richie Rich‘s special runway show held at Lavo Nightclub — flashing the entire audience with a nip slip. Oops!
Although clearly shocked, Coco quickly pulled up her top and remained a total pro. After the show, she told Celebuzz the outfit didn’t fit her properly because she was fitted about ten minutes before the show.
“The fabric was so slippery. I knew there was going to be a malfunction!” she said, shrugging her shoulders. “Oh well. That’s life. What are you going to do?”


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from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. The point on the celestial sphere that is directly above the observer.
- n. The upper region of the sky.
- n. The highest point above the observer's horizon attained by a celestial body.
- n. The point of culmination; the peak: the zenith of her career. See Synonyms at summit.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. The point in the sky vertically above a given position or observer; the point in the celestial sphere opposite the nadir.
- n. The highest point in the sky reached by a celestial body.
- n. Highest point or state; peak.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- n. That point in the visible celestial hemisphere which is vertical to the spectator; the point of the heavens directly overhead; -- opposed to
- n. hence, figuratively, the point of culmination; the greatest height; the height of success or prosperity.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. The vertical point of the heavens at any place, or the point directly above an observer's head; the upper pole of the celestial horizon. The opposed pole is the nadir.
- n. Figuratively, the highest point, or summit, as of one's fortune; the culmination.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- n. the point above the observer that is directly opposite the nadir on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected
Middle English senith, from Old French cenith, from Medieval Latin, from Arabic samt (ar-ra's), path (over the head), from Latin sēmita, path.(American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
From Middle English senith, from cinit, from Old French cenit and/or Latin cenit, a transliteration of Arabic سمت (samt, "direction, path") which is in itself a weak abbreviation of سمت الرأس (samt ar-ra's, "direction of the head"). (Wiktionary)

domain: astronomy


ZAHID IQBAL - Water is the most important element necessary for human beings, animals, insects, plants and for earth as a whole. Sources of water available in Pakistan are rainfall, surface water available in rivers and underground water.
After the Indus Basin Treaty with India, water of only two rivers i.e. Jhelum and Chenab is available to Pakistan while the availability of water in the remaining three rivers i.e. Ravi, Sutlej and Bias depends on the will of India.
The construction of dams and barrages by India over River Chenab and River Jhelum in violation of the Indus Basin Treaty created the problem of water shortage for Pakistan which is becoming more and more severe with the passage of time. According to the UNO Report, Pakistan is at the 7th position in the list of countries, which are facing water crisis. Presently, Pakistan has a surface water of 153 MAF and underground water resources of only 24 MAF and Pakistan may face water shortage of 33 MAF during the year, 2025.


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Make your yard healthier for growing plants.
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In the ever-evolving landscape of textile craftsmanship, Nylon Draw Texturized Yarn (DTY) emerges as a revolutionary force, reshaping the very frontiers of the industry. At POLYLION, we take pride in being at the forefront of this transformation, offering a comprehensive insight into the unparalleled qualities and diverse applications of Nylon DTY Yarn.
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- Rich & Creamy Shea Butter Body Wash
- Soaper Duper is proud to support WaterAid
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- You've dreamt about this body wash. For years now.
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- Soaper Duper Formulas are free from:
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- Creating soap for the future since 2016
- With sweet almond oil, shea butter suds & pressed vanilla pods
- Derived from more than 97% natural ingredients
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- Pack size: 500ML
Aqua (Water/Eau), Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate, Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil, Xanthan Gum, Quillaja Saponaria (Soap Bark) Wood Extract, Sodium Sheabutteramphoacetate, Parfum (Fragrance), Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Chloride, Glycerin, Coconut Acid, 1, 2-Hexanediol, Caprylyl Glycol, Citric Acid, Disodium EDTA, Ethylhexylglycerin, Tocopherol, Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Vanilla Planifolia (Vanilla) Fruit Extract, Gardenia Tahitensis (Tiare) Flower, Sodium Benzoate
Manufactured in the UK
Preparation and Usage
- How to:
- Rub first between dry hands or onto a shower puff (more friction, more foam) then suds around until you've come completely clean (in the literal sense, at least). Rinse well.
- WARNING: SUDS IN YOUR EYES? Rinse them well with clean water until any stinging stops. Keep out of reach of children.
Name and address
- Manufactured for:
- Soaper Duper Ltd,
- SW6 4NZ.
- Soaper Duper Ltd,
- SW6 4NZ.
WARNING: SUDS IN YOUR EYES? Rinse them well with clean water until any stinging stops. Keep out of reach of children.
Using Product Information
While every care has been taken to ensure product information is correct, food products are constantly being reformulated, so ingredients, nutrition content, dietary and allergens may change. You should always read the product label and not rely solely on the information provided on the website.
If you have any queries, or you'd like advice on any Tesco brand products, please contact Tesco Customer Services, or the product manufacturer if not a Tesco brand product.
Although product information is regularly updated, Tesco is unable to accept liability for any incorrect information. This does not affect your statutory rights.
This information is supplied for personal use only, and may not be reproduced in any way without the prior consent of Tesco Stores Limited nor without due acknowledgement.
Tesco © Copyright 2021

domain: beauty


text:
I flew out of Tampa International Airport when leaving Florida exactly one week ago. As I walked around I decided to take some photos to make the time past quicker. These weren’t very good, hence the black and white. Turns out it’s a pretty common trick amongst blog photographers, to make all not so good photos black and white.
I have always liked travel hubs and Tampa International Airport is no different. It’s something nice about people on the move. It really feels like there is a lot going on and something is happening. I like that. Speaking of airports I’m off to one tomorrow as we are flying to Budapest for a few days. I’ll post some updates on Instagram if feel like getting some more up to date updates. My Instagram is HERE

domain: travel


text:
Η σχέση αγχωδών και καταθλιπτικών συμπτωμάτων με την αυτοεκτίμηση και την αυτο-αποτελεσματικότητα των ατόμων με σακχαρώδη διαβήτη τύπου ΙΙ (Master thesis)
The relationship between diabetes and psychological aspects of the patien’s personality with the subsequent changes in self-esteem and self-efficacy, are of the most important research areas in relation to the effects of diabetes. As part of the overall problem, the present master thesis investigated the relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms with self-esteem and self-efficacy in people with type 2 diabetes in the Greek population, both in theoretical terms and in terms of applied research. The research approach involves the observational study of Greek patients with type 2 diabetes through three standard questionnaires. The three scales proved, in fact, highly reliable and valid with regard to the description and study of people with diabetes in the Greek population. The results were higher for Greek patients for levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy, compared to international standards. Factors demographic, economic and social impact in the attitudes of people about the situation that has been created due to diabetes and to their attention for daily, long-term treatment that is required. The Greek patients have both a fairly high level of self-esteem, which seems to be also influenced by factors such as the level of their knowledge about the disease and its treatment and of the administration of pills and insulin. The evidence for the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were extremely limited, revealing a relatively good general health of patients. In particular, the lower self-esteem seems to be associated with more pronounced signs of mental disorders, but also a more negative attitude towards diabetes and a low self-efficacy. Finally, it seems that a more positive attitude towards diabetes is associated with fewer signs of mental disorders.
|Institution and School/Department of submitter:||Σχολή επιστημών υγείας / Τμήμα νοσηλευτικής|
Διαβήτης τύπου 2
Type 2 diabete
Διαβήτης -- Ψυχολογικές απόψεις
Diabetes -- Phychological aspects
|Keywords:||Σακχαρώδης διαβήτης;Κατάθλιψη;Αγχώδεις διαταραχές;Αυτο-αποτελεσματικότητα;Αυτο-εκτίμηση;Διαβήτης τύπου 2;Diabetes mellitus;Depression;Anxiety disorders;Self-efficasy;Self-esteem;Type 2 diabete|
|Description:||Μεταπτυχιακή εργασία - Σχολή επιστημών υγείας - Τμήμα Νοσηλευτικής , 2016 α.α 7423|
|Appears in Collections:||Μεταπτυχιακές Διατριβές|
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domain: library


Levenhuk DTX 30 Digital Microscope is a modern USB digital microscope providing magnification within the 20-230x range and equipped with a 2 Mpx digital camera that allows you to take pictures and record videos of observed samples. This model can be applied in many different areas: in electronics, jewelry, biology, zoology, and more.
Microscope is connected to a PC or laptop via standard USB 2.0 cable. Observation of samples and editing of captured images are done through the easy-to-use image processing software that is included in the kit. This software has an intuitive interface: on the main toolbar are buttons for editing images and videos, printing images, saving projects to your hard drive and many other functions. The program also features measurement and calibration functions, allowing you to determine the length, perimeter, radius or diameter of observed samples, and measure different angles.
Levenhuk DTX 30 is very easy to use and doesn’t require any special knowledge or skills. Due to its compact size this microscope is highly suitable for home use. For even more efficient work it’s recommended that you install the microscope on a tripod (included in the kit).
Microscope’s body is rubber-armored, which makes it pleasant to the touch and also provides for a comfortable grip and prevents the device from slipping out of your hands.
- 8 white LEDs with adjustable brightness
- Real-time observations on your PC monitor
- Able to take photos/videos
- Comes with special software for measuring linear sizes, areas, angles and radiuses of studied samples
- Wide range of applications
- Ease of use
- Сompatible with Windows and Mac OS
The kit includes:
- Levenhuk DTX 30 Digital Microscope
- USB cable
- Protective plastic objective lens cap
- Software CD
- User manual and lifetime warranty
Recommendations on using the software:
In order for the program to operate correctly, please launch the installed application only when your microscope is connected to a PC and ready for observations.
Levenhuk DTX 30 Digital Microscope is not compatible with external digital cameras.


text:
The report “Specialty Enzymes Market by Type (Carbohydrases, Proteases, Lipases, Polymerases & Nucleases, and Other enzymes), Source, Application (pharmaceuticals, Research & Biotechnology, Diagnostics, and Biocatalysts), Form, and Region – Global Forecast to 2025″ According to MarketsandMarkets, the specialty enzymes market is estimated to be valued at USD 4.4 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 6.6 billion by 2025, recording a CAGR of 6.9% in terms of value. The growing concerns about the enzyme quality in pharmaceuticals & diagnostics and rise in demand for non-harmful biological catalysts are factors that are projected to drive the growth of the specialty enzymes market, globally.
Download PDF brochure: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/pdfdownloadNew.asp?id=21682828
• Rise In Demand For Non-Harmful Biological Catalysts In Pharmaceuticals & Diagnostics
• Lack Of Harmonization In The Regulatory Framework
• High Adoption Costs Involved For Small & Medium Enterprises
• Alternative To Chemical Catalysts
• Technological Innovations And Wide Industry Scope
• Launching Enzymes With Long Shelf Life
• High Raw Material Costs Limiting Enzyme Usage
• Concern Over Quality Of Enzymes Used In Pharmaceuticals & DiagnosticsScope of the report
- Other carbohydrases
- Polymerases & nucleases
- Other enzymes
- Research & biotechnology
- North America
- Asia Pacific
- Rest of the World (RoW)
- South Africa
- Others in RoW
Request for Customization: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/requestCustomizationNew.asp?id=21682828
The North American region dominated the specialty enzymes market with a market share of 48.8% in 2018, whereas Asia Pacific is projected to witness the highest growth rate.
The specialty enzymes market in North America is dominating due to the increasing demand for enzymes in specialty applications. Technological innovations in machinery, optimization of production, logistics, and globalization of business have made the pharmaceutical industry one of the essential sectors in the North America region. However, the shift of industrial operations from developed regions, such as North America and Europe to Asia Pacific, has further contributed to the growth of the specialty enzymes market in Asia Pacific region. The use of specialty enzymes in biotechnology advancements such as drug cloning, transgenic organisms, and gene modification has been fueling the market in Asia Pacific. Furthermore, the European consumers have shown an inclination toward clean-label and organic products. This has enabled manufacturers to consider organic ingredients as key components of the products. Due to this, the specialty enzymes market in the European region is led by the growing focus on the production of pharmaceutical products, owing to the functional benefits of enzymes.
This report includes a study on the marketing and development strategies, along with the product portfolios of leading companies. It consists of profiles of leading companies, such as BASF (Germany), Novozymes (Denmark), Roche Holding (Switzerland), DuPont (US), Codexis (US), Dyadic International (US), Advanced Enzymes (India), Amano Enzymes (Japan), Sanofi (France), Biocatalysts (UK), Enzyme Supplies (UK), BBI Solutions (UK), Specialty Enzymes & Probiotics (US), Amicogen (South Korea), Antozyme Biotech (India), Enzyme Development Corporation (US), Nagase & Co. Ltd. (Japan), Sekisui Diagnostics (US), Merck (Germany), and Biovet (Bulgaria).

domain: geography


text:
World Bulletin / News Desk
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has lashed out at the media and opposition over critical questions they raised in the wake of a deadly arsenal blast last week that left 25 soldiers dead.
“The stance displayed [by the media and the opposition] in the wake of every tragic incident unfortunately goes beyond the boundaries of criticism, or aims of shedding light on the incident. It is turning into a lynching campaign [against the government and relevant institutions],” Erdoğan said during his Justice and Development Party's (AK Party) expanded provincial chairmen meeting on Sunday.
“You see that one is accusing our chief of General Staff of incompetence. What lowness. … There cannot be such impudence,” he said.
“Such attempts that aim to decrease the motivation of those working in relevant institutions and to provoke the nation are irresponsible and low,” an angry Erdoğan continued.
Twenty-five soldiers were killed in a huge explosion and subsequent fire at an ammunition depot in the western province of Afyonkarahisar late on Wednesday. The explosion sent shockwaves across the country with its high death toll. Both military and civilian authorities are investigating the cause of the explosion, while initial reports have said the blast was due to the mishandling of hand grenades by officers who were bringing them into the depot.
Officials have so far ruled out terrorism and sabotage, saying the blast was an accident. The blast raised questions as to why young conscripts were doing the count instead of professional weapons experts.
Also on Saturday, Erdoğan reiterated a frequent message to the pro-Kurdish Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), asking its deputies to distance themselves from the militant Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and seek solutions to the Kurdish question in Parliament or leave Parliament and join the PKK on the mountains.
“Those who wish to make politics on the mountains are free to go to the mountains. They have two choices: Either Kandil [the mountain range where the PKK leaders are settled] or Parliament. If they choose Parliament, they will engage in their struggle [for a solution to the Kurdish problem] in Parliament. They will find political interlocutors to sit with them at the same table to discuss [the Kurdish issue],” the prime minister said on Saturday.
Erdoğan's remarks came during a speech he delivered at the inauguration ceremony of a new tunnel and 20 intersections in İstanbul. He was directing criticism at the BDP for maintaining ties with the PKK.
The pro-Kurdish party is under fire for footage distributed to the press after a BDP deputy embraced a PKK militant and had a very friendly talk with him during a visit to the party's members in southeastern Turkey last month. In their statements that followed, a number of BDP deputies voiced support of their colleague, saying, “We do not see PKK members as terrorists.”
The prime minister said the venue to search for solutions to Turkey's problems is Parliament. “Those who embrace terrorists cannot work towards finding [solutions to people's problems] in Parliament. If they try to do it, they will not be respected,” he stated.
Addressing BDP deputy Gülten Kışanak, who embraced a PKK militant, Erdoğan said: “We all saw how you embraced Kandil's representative. My people also saw it. We will talk about your gesture [embrace] with my people. We will tell all my people -- including the Turks, the Kurds, the Laz, the Circassians, the Georgians and the Abkhazians -- about it. We have to show their [BDP members who have ties to the PKK] dirty faces to our people.”
There have been calls from within Turkey on BDP deputies to distance themselves from the militant PKK. The EU has on many occasions in the past called on the pro-Kurdish party to sever its ties with the militant group; however, the calls have gone unanswered by the BDP so far.
Border forces acted on tip off from Turkish intelligence
It is our right under international law to take measures in face of attacks from Afrin, Syria, says Turkey's foreign minister
Gen. Hulusi Akar also set to discuss regional security issues with his Russian counterpart on Thursday
Exports soar by 10 pct y-o-y in 2017, says head of Houseware Association of Turkey
Monetary Policy Committee keeps policy rate, also known as one-week repo rate, at 8 pct
We are not creating a Syria border security force at all, says Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, pushing back at controversy
First National Security meeting for 2018 to discuss Afrin, emergency rule
Finnish parliament's Second Deputy Speaker Arto Satonen visits Turkish parliament in capital Ankara
Joint flights to offer fast, convenient connections for customers leaving Istanbul to Kishinev
Turkish NGOs and state disaster agency send 20 truckfuls of aid including tents, blankets, clothes, and food
Move comes after 11 people killed in clashes in and around Mitiga International Airport near Tripoli
Among migrants are Syrians, Palestinians, Bangladeshis, Afghans, Indians, Iranians, Iraqis and Sri Lankans
Republican People's Party leader Kemal Kilicdaroglu says weapons sent to Middle East will 'increase pain'
Turkish president calls on NATO to fulfill its responsibilities
Photo of blindfolded youth has become symbol of Palestinian opposition to US recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital
Suspects have been accused of making propaganda for terror group on social media

domain: politics


Polarizing Binocular Microscope
with Wide Field, Bertrand Lens, Polarizer and Revolving Round Stage
Specifically designed for use in routine and university level teaching laboratories. The LB-580 polarizing microscope features a highly robust construction and first class optics designed to provide a long life and excellent quality images.
Designed with students in mind the number of removable components is minimized and the operation made as simple as possible. As standard a set of four, very high quality, strain-free, achromatic objectives form the heart of the instrument. A set of inserts allow viewing of all standard mineral types. The optics are also fully corrected so that changes in the viewing angle from the prism in the head during interocular distance adjustments does not cause any color changes.
|View Brochure by Flipbook|
|PDF Brochure – Page 1||PDF Brochure – Page 2|
Labomed, Inc. is certified by ISO 9001-2013, has CE Conformity and is FDA Licensed.
With the features of streamline and stable frame, easy operation and complete functions, the LB-580 Polarizing Binocular Microscope with Wide Field, Bertrand Lens, Polarizer and Revolving Round Stage is the best choice for user to observe mineral crystal figure, color and interference color and also exactly identify the optical performance of mineral and other crystal specimen.
|Viewing Head||Seidentopf Binocular Head at 30°, 360° Rotatable|
|Eyepiece||Eyepiece WF10×/ 18 with Scale of Crosshair
Eyepiece WF10×/ 18
|Objective||Strain free Achromatic Objective 4×, 10×, 40×, 60×|
|Nosepiece||Backward Quadruple Nosepiece, Center Adjustable|
|Analyzer||Rotatable Analyzer with Gradation 0°-90°|
|Bertrand Lens||Bertrand Lens, Sliding in/out of Optical Path|
|Optical Compensator||λ Slip (first class red), 1/ 4λ Slip, Quartz Wedge|
|Revolving Round Stage||Diameter Φ160mm, Graduated in 1°Increments, Minimum Resolution 6’ when using Vernier Scale|
|Condenser||NA1.25 Abbe Condenser with Iris Diaphragm & Filter|
|Focusing||Coaxial Coarse & Fine Adjustment, Range 28mm, Fine Division 0.002mm|
|Polarizer||Sliding in/ out of Optical Path, Located on the Top of Collector|
|Illumination||6V/ 20W Halogen Lamp, Brightness Adjustable|
For a monocular version, please see LB-120
ALL ACCESSORIES ARE OPTIONAL AND MUST BE ORDERED SEPARATELY, UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED IN THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS


text:
(MENAFN- Jordan News Agency)
Amman, May 2 (Petra)--Government working hours during the fasting month of Ramadan will be from 10am to 3pm, according to a communique by Prime Minister Hani Al Mulki.
The communique excludes employees whose work conditions require otherwise.
Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, is expected to start mid June.
2/5/2018 - 02:52:28 PM
Legal Disclaimer: MENAFN provides the information “as is” without warranty of any kind. We do not accept any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information contained in this article. If you have any complaints or copyright issues related to this article, kindly contact the provider above.

domain: topicality


Customized 5 Axis Precision Aluminum/Stainless Steel CNC Machined/Machining Parts
Sichuan Ningjiang Shanchuan Machinery Co., Ltd are specialized in manufacturing twin tube type shock absorber. Our products have passed ISO/TS16949 quality system certification, covering a wide range of Chinese cars, Japanese cars, Korean cars, European cars, American cars, Russian cars, etc. have been exported to USA, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Nigeria, Peru, Chile and other countries.
We are vigorous and ambitious with a worldwide vision. With talented people, first class management, high quality products and feasible business model, our company leads the Rear Shock For Benz, Auto Gas Absorber, Car Rear Shock Absorbers industry. We improve the quality policy for development, grasp the correct decision of the market, and establish a complete quality assurance system. We have more than 10 years exported experience and our products have expored more than 30 countries around the word. 'Being customers' trusted and preferred brand supplier' is the goal of our company. Through continuous efforts, we strive to become the industry leader and contribute our strength to the development of the industry and the rise of the nation.
The friction of our Twin Tube Type Shock Absorber forms a damping force on the vibration, so that the vibration energy is converted into thermal energy, which is absorbed by the oil and the shock absorber housing. Compared with ordinary product on the market, it has the properties of anti-vaporization, anti-oxidation and so on.
The Twin Tube Type Shock Absorber can be an ideal device for accelerating the attenuation of the frame, realizing the function to improve the car's ride comfort. When the frame and the axle are reciprocating relative to each other, the piston in the shock absorber also reciprocates in the cylinder, with high and reliable performance.
We hope that through the success of Customized 5 Axis Precision Aluminum/Stainless Steel CNC Machined/Machining Parts, our company can continue to advance until it becomes an industry leader. Our factory has continuously introduced advanced technology and modern management experience at home and abroad, and formulated rigorous process standards, quality control systems and testing methods. Corporate goal: Customers' satisfaction is our goal, and sincerely hope to establish long-terms stable cooperative relations with customers to jointly develop the market.


text:
~angry Chair~ - Poem by E Nigma
Death smiles, I smile back
I know now there's no turning back around
They gather round
Pretense is made, yes, they're pretending
Unsatisfied stares pour through their eyes
Their wanting more than the stairs I'll climb
But maybe I'll curve the corner
Ride the spiral and watch the coroner
But for now, I'm in this moment
Waiting for the priests adornments
This slow motion, sideshow, circus of sinners
Linger, my eyes search through the crowd
Lo and behold, I see the winner
His loss won him his very own private death show
So, here we go...
The victims husband says...
You took my wife, my life, you took my all
Oh, but you fell and I hope you burn in hell
Inmate 01010 do you have any last words?
That I do
Here I sit, In limbo, Strapped down, Innocent
Yes, I'm saying I was framed
He killed his wife for loving me
And Though she never cheated
He just couldn't believe it
But, it's ok, I'll be back another day
Unlike you I know the way
Justice bears no weight on blind scales
Once again the system failed
So wear your mask, yes, wear it proudly
Pretend through your dying breath
Upon your death I hope you freeze in heaven
Memories attached to anything and everything
The Angry Chair Sings A Dark Melody
He's holding on for one more day
His grip is weak, the sentence pending...
Comments about ~angry Chair~ by E Nigma
Read this poem in other languages
This poem has not been translated into any other language yet.


text:
It's Thankful Tuesday! I keep meaning to blog about things going on with us but I am having a hard time getting it accomplished. It is the season of "being with people" for me and it is such a blessing. I am thankful to God for providing this time of rest and time with family. No matter where we go from here, I want to always look back on this "time of rest" with gratitude toward God because He knew we desperately needed it.
Today I am thankful to God for a place to live and parents who have graciously provided it :), a mom who comes to visit us, trips to the Children's Museum, daddy-daughter dates, dive in movie nights, fun painting nights with friends, and my husband.
1 The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want.
2 He makes me lie down in green pastures.
He leads me beside still waters.
3 He restores my soul.
He leads me in paths of righteousness
for his name's sake.
4 Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,
I will fear no evil,
for you are with me;
your rod and your staff,
they comfort me.
5 You prepare a table before me
in the presence of my enemies;
you anoint my head with oil;
my cup overflows.
6 Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me
all the days of my life,
and I shall dwell in the house of the Lord
Every good and perfect gift comes from above. James 1:17
Let the peace of God RULE in your hearts and be thankful. Col 3:15

domain: christianity


Go hard in our upgraded hybrid scrub top built to provide comfort and mobility for long 12 hour shifts, yet sleek enough to keep you looking good off the clock. Our new Evrpur® scrub top is a technical interlock knit that keeps you confident and powerful. Our proprietary silver embedded evrpur2.0™ fabric will keep you mobile, comfortable and fresh so you could power through any challenge in style.
Proprietary evrpur2.0® interlock fabric (main): 73% Polyester/13% PurThread/13% Spandex
Ultra Smooth™ Modal fabric used in pockets: 91% Polyester/9% Spandex
- Wash inside out with like colors
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US and international customers can return eligible products within 30 days of receiving them.Read Our Full Policy
We choose quality while other brands choose profits
There’s two ways to make your scrubs anti-microbial. You either spray the fabric with chemicals or weave PURthread® into the fabric.
FITScrubs is the only brand that weaves this bacteria fighting silver thread into our fabric for protection that never washes out.Permanent Protection Better for the environment
All other brands spray their fabric with chemicals that quickly rinse out in the wash.Protection lasts a few months Chemicals wash into our water
Super comfortable and nice fit!
They feel great and they fit great. I have the same scrubs in 3 other colors. I always get compliments on them everywhere I go
Perfectly fit! Quality is great!
The scrubs are really worthy of every penny . Most importantly I love the customer service and quick response of the team . My name was misspelled by the embroidery team , It's just a matter of one letter ....but when I approached the team They immediately sent me the replacements without any delay since embroidery can't be undone . I wish them all the best . I never saw someone very kind and particular about their customers ..they replied me patiently to my every query when shipment was delayed . I will pray that their company expands all over the world and become the symbol of scrubs ...thanks a lot once again ...love you guys
My manager stopped me to question the pants. She thought they where workout pants and not scrubs. I told her they where both.


text:
WASHINGTON — Today the Human Rights Campaign PAC (HRC PAC) announced its endorsement of Nevada Attorney General Aaron Ford for another term in office. HRC PAC is committed to engaging our volunteers, members and supporters to mobilize the 700,000+ Equality Voters in Nevada in support of Ford and other pro-equality candidates up and down the ballot.
Human Rights Campaign Interim President Joni Madison released the following statement:
“By committing himself to protecting and empowering vulnerable communities, Attorney General Aaron Ford has gained a well-deserved reputation for being a dedicated and successful advocate in the fight for equality. Combating injustice has been at the forefront of Ford’s political career, from passing pro-LGBTQ+ legislation to confronting discriminatory policy. We applaud Ford’s efforts as he works towards making Nevada a safe and inclusive place for all Nevadans. We are proud to endorse Attorney General Aaron Ford for reelection and will work to ensure that he can continue to make a positive impact through his admirable leadership”
Attorney General Aaron Ford released the following statement:
“It is an honor to receive the endorsement of the Human Rights Campaign — and I am so grateful to have their support in my critical re-election. I’ve always promised that my office will be steadfast in its use of every legal tool at its disposal to fight for the LGBTQIA+ community’s rights. As Attorney General, Nevada’s LGBTQ community has been able to count on me to defend them against any attempts to discriminate based on who they love and to ensure everyone is treated equally under the law, with measures including: banning dangerous conversion therapy for minors, protecting the privacy of transgender Nevadans, passing landmark anti-discrimination measures, and more. Discrimination has no place in Nevada, and I believe every resident is entitled to equal protection under the law. I’m humbled to have HRC’s continued partnership in this fight.”
A Record as a Champion of Equality
During his time as Nevada’s Attorney General, Ford prioritized combating injustice through targeted policy initiatives including a statewide ban on so-called “conversion therapy” for minors. In 2020, Ford issued a statement applauding the Supreme Court’s decision to uphold LGBTQ+ workplace protections under Title VII reinforcing his belief that “discrimination has no place in Nevada.” Most recently, Ford joined a coalition of state attorneys general advocating against Arkansas’ anti-LGBTQ+ law prohibiting healthcare professionals from providing gender-affirming medical care for youth. Before Ford’s political and legal career, he worked as a public school math teacher. He changed careers and became a lawyer and then went on to serve two terms in the Nevada State Senate, rising to become Minority Leader in 2015 and Majority Leader in 2016. He was endorsed by HRC in 2018 and became the first Black person to hold statewide constitutional office in Nevada in 2019 after he was elected as Nevada’s Attorney General.


For years, India has bought weapons from other nations. In fact, by one estimate, it was the world’s biggest arms importer between 1950 and 2017.
But while it may be a morally dubious honor, it is a sign of India’s growing strength that it may become an arms exporter. And not of low-tech weapons like rifles, but sophisticated guided missiles.
An Indian defense official said India may begin exporting BrahMos cruise missile to several Asian and Middle Eastern nations later this year, according to Economic Times.
"A number of South East Asian countries are ready to buy our missiles,” Commodore S K Iyer, a manager at BrahMos Aerospace, said at the IMDEX Asia 2019 defense trade show. “It will be our first export and we have received increasing interest in the missiles from the Gulf countries.”
There have been reports for several years that Vietnam was interested in the BrahMos, according to India’s Economic Times. “Apart from Vietnam, several other Southeast Asian countries, including Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia have evinced interest in purchasing BrahMos missiles.”
BrahMos is an Indian missile...sort of. It’s actually a joint venture between India and Russia, with the latter having far more experience in missile design (“Brahmos” is actually a melding of the names of India’s Brahmaputra River and Russia’s Moskva River). It is derived from the shorter-ranged Russian P-800 supersonic cruise missile.
BrahMos is a supersonic, Mach 3 weapon that is considered the world’s fastest cruise missile. It can be launched from land-based launchers and surface ships. In 2013, it was test-fired from a submarine. In 2018, India launched a BrahMos from a Su-30 fighter, with more tests planned for later this year. However, plans for an improved BrahMos II appear to have stalled.
BrahMos has a range of 200 to 250 miles, though there are plans to boost the range to 300 miles. The missile can skim low above the ground or water, using inertial and GPS guidance to navigate to, and home in on, its target.
Still, there are several questions about BrahMos exports and about the missile itself. “Last year, Indian Defense Minister Nirmala Sitharaman had stated a number of crucial issues required to be addressed before exporting what has been touted as the world's deadliest missile system,” noted the Economic Times.
In addition, there are fiscal considerations with potential buyers. “It is believed that cost negotiation has been taking time as slower economic growths have put budgetary constraints on acquiring viable, cost-effective defense equipment to these nations,” the Economic Times said.
A more interesting question is endemic to any multinational joint venture: Who decides which countries to export, and more importantly, who not to export to? The Indian official who announced the BrahMos exports “did not clarify if Russia agreed to export the missile to south Asian nations like Vietnam, considered a rival to China.”
However, Russia’s Sputnik News took care to note that another Indian official told India’s Financial Times that Russia had no objection to exporting BrahMos to friendly nations. Vietnam has been a Russian friend since the Cold War, and a Chinese enemy since a Sino-Vietnamese border war in 1979. India and China are also rivals, while Moscow and Beijing have put aside their Cold War quarrels – for now – and have economic and defense ties. Which still leaves the question of whether Beijing could object to BrahMos in Vietnamese hands.
Image: Creative Commons.


BELZONA RELINES WATER PUMP
Industry: Water / Wastewater (WATR)
Application: CEP-Centrifugal Pumps (CEP)
Substrate: Carbon Steel
Customer Location: Water treatment Plant, Stavanger, Norway
Application Date: January 2012
Belzona® 1311 (Ceramic R-Metal)
Belzona® 1321 (Ceramic S-Metal)
Problem: The pump was suffering erosion/corrosion after 3 years in service due to total breakdown of existing unknown coating.
- Grit blasted pump prior to application
- Rebuilding internal damaged areas
- Finished application
- Pump and parts coated internal and external prior to return to client
Worthington pump used in water/waste water treatment.
Application was carried out in accordance with Belzona Know-How System Leaflets CEP-3 & CEP-5.
These pumps are very expensive. Running the pump with a damaged coating in a waste water environment significantly reduced the life of the pump. The repair was completed in 12 hours and returned to service within 2 days. Belzona Ceramic Metal has a proven track record in erosion corrosion environments.


New Jersey residents may have heard that there have been numerous safety lapses at a U.S. nuclear laboratory in the past few, according to a nonprofit journalism organization. The safety issues caused work at the facility to be temporarily suspended in 2013.
In a series of reports, the Center for Public Integrity outlined multiple serious safety lapses at New Mexico’s Los Alamos National Laboratory, the facility that created the atomic bomb. These lapses included plutonium spills mopped up with improper materials, plutonium rods placed dangerously close to each other and the inadequate storage of nuclear waste. The problems caused the National Nuclear Security Administration to hold back approximately $82 million in payments to facility contractors between 2013 and 2016.
However, an internal memo by Los Alamos officials said the problems have been addressed and the facility is almost fully operational after its shutdown four years ago. It also said its employees should be proud of the laboratory’s history of success and have faith in the facility’s ability to safely manufacture plutonium cores for nuclear bombs.
Safety failures at a nuclear facility could cause employees to suffer toxic exposure to radiation and chemicals, which could lead to both acute and chronic health problems. Employees injured in such an accident have the right to file for workers’ compensation benefits. These benefits pay all medical expenses required to treat a work-related injury. They also provide disability payments while an employee is unable to work. Many injured employees find it beneficial to consult with an attorney before filing their workers’ compensation claim to ensure that it is properly prepared.
Source: U.S. News & World Report, “Scrutiny Intensifies Over Safety at US Nuclear Weapons Lab“, Associated Press, June 21, 2017


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Tribeca Film has acquired North American rights to Time Is Illmatic, the documentary by artist One9 that recounts the creation of Nas’ classic 1994 hip-hop album Illmatic. The film had its world premiere as the opening night selection at the recent Tribeca Film Festival.
Tribeca Film is planning a simultaneous theatrical and VOD release in October, along with performances by Nas in select cities.
Written by Erik Parker, the doc was produced by One9, Parker and Anthony Saleh. It received support from The Ford Foundation’s Just Films and Tribeca Film Institute’s Tribeca All Access program.
“I want to thank Robert De Niro, Jane Rosenthal and the Tribeca Film family for all of the love and support they’ve given Time Is Illmatic,” Nas said. “It is an honor to be in partnership with them. I feel there is a cultural kinship bonded by the city of New York.”
“We began this journey with filmmakers One9 and Erik Parker when they conceived of the idea for the film in 2010 and supported them with funding through the Tribeca Film Institute to complete their vision,” said Rosenthal, co-founder and CEO of Tribeca Enterprises. “We were privileged to open the 2014 festival with the world premiere of this powerful story of an artist’s journey through the toughest of conditions and times.”
The deal was negotiated by Nick Savva, vp acquisitions for Tribeca Film, and David Koh, Dan Braun, Josh Braun for Submarine Entertainment with Liesl Copland for WME on behalf of the filmmakers.
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Behind The Screen


M.Sc, P.Eng. Associate Experts, Strategic Advisor
Tony Brown is a Civil Environmental Engineer with more than 20 years of professional experience across a variety of disciplines, with a focus on the management of northern contaminated sites and mine remediation. The majority of Tony’s efforts are focused on contaminated site program management, environmental impact assessments, site characterization studies, development of environmental management plans, closure planning, regulatory affairs and community engagement. His core assets include: strategic visioning, risk management, technical innovation, communication, complex project management and team leadership. Tony has worked extensively across Canada on numerous high-profile and controversial contaminated site projects. He has also worked on a number of international assignments in Bolivia, Venezuela, Argentina, Pakistan, Kenya and Sudan. For the past 15 years, Tony has served as expert support to multiple government agencies on the management of contaminated sites. In particular, he has been a strategic advisor to the Canadian Federal Government on technical and project management challenges associated with more than $3B of contaminated site liabilities. For example, Tony was seconded to oversee a federal contaminated sites program in the NWT. This included providing technical and project management guidance to a staff of 18 managing a portfolio of more than 300 contaminated sites dispersed across a broad geographic area. In addition, Tony currently serves as one of six Directors on the Oversight Board for the remediation of the former Giant Mine, which is arguably one of Canada’s most contaminated sites. He also provides strategic technical and project management support on a wide array of abandoned and new mining developments across Northern Canada. Tony has also worked with numerous Indigenous communities on a wide range of resource management projects and has a detailed understanding of northern environmental issues.


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“Paper cutting art is not only about cutting out the decorative images, but about connecting with our own life.”
– Jam Wu
Body Fold by the Dear Time (2017), installation view at “Spectrosynthesis II” | Image courtesy of the artist, Bangkok Art and Culture Centre and Sunpride Foundation
Born in 1979 in Tainan, Jam Wu graduated from Department of Architecture in Shin Chien University, Tai Wan and School of Experimental Art in Central Academy Of Fine Arts, Beijing. Jam’s artistic creation originates from paper, concerning the possibility of the interaction between traditional folk art and contemporary. He experiments and interprets individual characteristics by different creative forms, including installation, video, performance art, participatory art projects, working with performing art and so on, to connect paper cutting art and ordinary life and widely extend it to contemporary art.
Opening a dialogue with the world through window and light
Jam’s initial impression and concept of paper cutting is “window grilles”, a way of showing light on the windows. In the second year of university, Jam would like to express the light and shadow of the streams from his hometown Yanshuei, Tainanthrough his art. He bought a large dressmaking scissors and a huge sheet of paper. The paper cut into many pieces of 6–7 metre height paper and put them together on a giant window facing to the west in his studio. By cutting, light and paper have been seen, capturing the impression of light.
“My Dear – Meimage Dance”, a collaborative work by Jam Wu and HO Hsiao Mei, winner of the 12th Taishin Arts Awards | Image courtesy of the artist and Museum of National Taipei University of Education
In the third year of university, Jam took a design course on the topic of community engagement. He found the paper cutting style of old ladies on Xiju Island, one of the islands located at Matsu, which is close to the style from the coast of the mainland. Before graduation, he also participated in The Wanderers Project by Cloud Gate Theatre, visiting and exploring more and wider folk art from Northern Shaanxi. Afterhis return, he worked as a set designer in the theatre for a year, creating various installations and video in the theatrical spaces at small theatre venues. Since those experiences, Jam has been concerning paper cutting culture from China and the changes in Taiwan. After 2010, he works with more international brands such as Louis Vuitton and Hermès, transcending the paper cutting art from the tradition tomodern as well as making sparks and connection between the fashion and the tradition.
Jam Wu works as visual coordinator for Cloud Gate Theatre, participating in “Lunar Halo＂choreographed by CHENG Tsuen Lung | Image courtesy of the artist and Cloud Gate Theatre, photography by LIU Chen Hsiang
The relationship between creator and environment
In the first five year after Jam started paper cutting, his paper cutting art depended on a very physical way. After touched one kind of material, he cut it through imagination. Gradually, Jam’s paper cutting art developed his own personality and his own life memory. He thinks that conceptual content of the work is more important than the form, profoundly reflecting the relationship between the creator and his environment.
Jam Wu, Body Fold by the Dear Time (2017) | Image courtesy of the artist, BACC and Sunpride Foundation
Jam also likes poetry during his studies. In the “Spectrosynthesis II”, Asia’s largest LGBTQ themed exhibition, Jam wrote a very poetic introduction to his work “Body Folding Dear Time”. In the exhibition, the audience not only discovered Jam’s literary talent, but also found his talent of making good use of light and space. The light shed on the window-liked installation while colourful reflections fall on the wall and the ground. If taking closer look at the traditional paper cutting pattern on his work, the countless hidden bodies found.

domain: design


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domain: pet


Central PCB’s figures put the town next to Tezpur, which is the least polluted town
Centre plans for period review ahead of Environment Day
“Pollution does affect health, but to create such a panicky situation and say millions of people are dying, I do not agree with that”
China's Macao saw its air quality record in 2018 register more days of "Good" and fewer ones of "Poor" in 2018, while the number of days with acid rain decreased from 2017, the special administrati
Only three out of 16 CAAQMS installed in MMR provide data on its website
Recently, the BBMP Additional Commissioner for public health, D Randeep, launched a network of 40 air quality monitoring devices that have been installed across the city.
Thailand is preparing face masks for an upcoming regional finance minister and central bank summit after pollution shot air quality to alarming levels, an official said on Tuesday.
Particulate matter such as PM 2.5, which are less then 2.5 microns in size, are considered especially dangerous as these can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream.
KOLKATA: In an effort to minimise dust pollution in New Town, the New Town Kolkata Development Authority (NKDA) has given a list of dust-absorbing plants and trees to the forest department to plant
As air quality improves, the invisible chemistry happening in the air around us is changing.
Forfeiting our commons
The Lancet’s Series on Maternal and Child Undernutrition
President Obama's grand climate plan does not add up
Climate change can no longer be ignored
NGO demands withdrawal of Niyamgiri gram sabha notificatio


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"I found it easy to move to the North East," Nosworthy told The Journal. "I was reluctant at one point but you have to be a man and make hard decisions and it's been the best decision I have made. Looking back now I would not have changed it for the world."
Ferdinand has slid down the Upton Park pecking order and with James Tomkins and James Collins returning to fitness he has further to fall. But 27-year-old Nosworthy has no doubts the man who could be his central defensive partner is good enough to play for Sunderland.
"He is a good defender and his own man in his own right," he added. "Everyone knows what he is capable of and he was a regular for long enough at West Ham."

domain: sports


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|Description||Companionship inventory is a time for these two elders to get to know each other, inside and out! |
Once a week, missionaries set aside time for a companionship inventory. This is an opportunity fo the mt otalk lovingly but frankly about the
state of their relationship.
|Size||306.44 MB (321,320,558 bytes)|
|Num files||1 files|

domain: relationship


A sense of gloom as heavy as the sky overhead pervaded the small group gathered in a crude, concrete-reinforced wooden shelter on the desert of south-central New Mexico in the predawn blackness of Monday, July 16, 1945. Ten thousand yards to the north, in a cab atop a 100-foot steel tower rested a compact device called "the gadget" - the world's first atomic bomb. Everything had been in readiness for the scheduled 4 a.m. firing when the fickle weather had broken its promise. Dripping skies and unfavorable winds now threatened to cancel the long-awaited test.
Amid the desert underbrush not far from the control shelter, two men stood silently, engulfed in the urgency of the moment. Under ordinary circumstances, they would have had little in common. Prof. J. Robert Oppenheimer, gentle, aesthetic director of the Los Alamos scientific laboratory, was a theoretical physicist and, incidentally, a deep student of literature. Maj. Gen. Leslie Groves, shrewd, hardheaded boss of the Manhattan Project, the highly secret wartime crash program for developing the atom bomb, was an Army engineer, a get-it-done-and-let-the-heads-roll professional soldier with a construction man's inbred skepticism toward egghead scientists.
Yet events of the past three years had drawn these two men into a genuine friendship. As they waited in the early-morning darkness, the heavyset general would sometimes rest his hand with a fatherly gesture on the drooping shoulders of the tall but slightly built scientist. Then they both would look up into the drizzle to see if they could glimpse a few stars or find any other indication of a break in the weather.
Oppenheimer and Groves knew that on the very next day, 6,000 miles away in Potsdam, Germany, the President of the United States was scheduled to sit down with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin to work out a surrender ultimatum to Japan. And President Truman had been told by Secretary of War Henry Stimson that word was expected by nightfall whether or not an atomic bomb could be the new superweapon that might quickly end the war with Japan.
The weather was only one of dozens of uncertainties that troubled Oppenheimer, Groves, and their colleagues. The scientists felt confident in the correctness of the complex theories they had translated, bit by bit, into the gadget resting atop the tower. But they were dealing with so many untested factors that, in a betting pool, their guesses as to the yield of the device varied from zero to an explosive force equivalent to 18,000 tons of TNT.
Prof. George Kistiakowsky, one of the world's foremost authorities on explosives, considered his guess of 1,400 tons highly optimistic. Many of the laboratory scientists picked figures of only a few hundred tons, which would hardly qualify the atomic bomb as a superweapon or justify the expenditure of the $2 billion it cost.
Since 1939, scientific work toward an atomic bomb had been progressing with utmost secrecy under the leadership of Enrico Fermi, Leo Szilard, Harold Urey, John Wheeler, Eugene Wigner, Arthur Compton, Ernest Lawrence, Niels Bohr, and Oppenheimer.
A vital breakthrough had occured Dec. 2, 1942, at the University of Chicago's "Metallurgical Laboratory" - a security cover name for the atomic-research team working there - when physicists under Fermi produced the world's first controlled nuclear chain reaction.
Soon afterward, Oppenheimer and the vanguard of scientists at the hastily established Los Alamos laboratory had begun assaulting a mountain of theoretical and technical unknowns. And at Oak Ridge, Tenn., and Hanford, Wash., the industry teams of Union Carbide and Carbon, Tennessee Eastman, and duPont had been working all-out to develop engineering processes that would somehow deliver the large amounts of uranium-235 and plutonium required if any bombs were to be made in time to help end the war.
During the 12 months prior to July 1945, a Los Alamos group under Harvard Prof. Kenneth Bainbridge had been working on a desolate New Mexico desert plateau, preparing for the full-scale test of the bomb. Located on a remote section of the Alamogordo Air Base, the site was shielded on the east by the 8,600-foot-high Oscura Mountains and on the south by the San Andres range. The nearest highway was 20 miles away. The closest towns of any size, Socorro and Carrizozo, were 40 miles distant. Alamogordo was 60 miles to the southeast, and Albuquerque was 110 miles to the north.
Oppenheimer, who delighted in thinking up code names, had selected "Trinity" for the test operation. The lab director claimed the word had no special significance: At the time a cover name was needed he happened to be reading a John Donne sonnet that included the line, "Batter my heart, three person's of God...."
By the second week in July, with the crucial test only days away, Bainbridge and his team were working around the clock. The entire Trinity area had become a huge outdoor laboratory with scientists battling the heat, wind, and sand.
Hundreds of miles of wire and cable had been strung or buried, and scores of bunkers had been built to protect measuring equipment. Emergency plans had been drawn up to evacuate participants and residents in nearby ranches or towns in case of dangerous fallout or some other, unforeseen hazard. Counterintelligence agents had prepared a decoy news release. Should the noise and flash from the bomb prove too spectacular to be kept secret, it would be announced that an ammunition dump had accidentally exploded at the Alamogordo Air Base.
With each successive step in the unfolding drama, tension mounted.
Wednesday, July 11
Fat Man and Little Boy
Oppenheimer shuffled through a pile of papers in his Los Alamos office, then gave parting instructions to his secretary, Anne Wilson. Several times Oppenheimer interrupted his secretary's questions with a brusqueness uncharacteristic of him. But in the past few weeks he had become almost a different person, withdrawn and abrupt, chain-smoking cigarettes instead of drawing leisurely on a pipe, and dropping from an already sparse 130 pounds to a gaunt 116.
After a final word to Ms. Wilson, Oppenheimer went home and stuffed a few clothes into a bag. He looked in on his sleeping six-month-old daughter Toni and gave three-year-old Peter a big hug and a kiss. Kitty Oppenheimer, who had combed their back yard for hours until she had finally found a four-leaf clover, solemnly gave the good-luck token to her husband as she saw him to the door.
In a Los Alamos laboratory, physicists Robert Bacher, Phil Morrison, Marshall Holloway, and Louis Slotin made final adjustments on the specially machined pieces of plutonium that would make up the nuclear core.
In another laboratory, Kistiakowsky supervised the complicated assembly of the bulky nonnuclear portion of the bomb. Each piece, as it was put into a subassembly, was measured and X-rayed for structural defects. Every step was logged and photographed.
The bomb, nicknamed "Fat Man," was an ingenious device based primarily on ideas furnished by scientists Seth Neddermeyer, John von Neumann, J. L. Tuck, Hans Bethe, and Robert Christy. Its secret was a method of making a subcritical amount of plutonium become supercritical and explode by "squeezing" it together (implosion). The small core of plutonium was surrounded by a sphere of high explosive, shaped to focus the shock wave inward. Around the high explosive were electric detonators.
If the high explosive could be detonated at all points with the almost unbelievable simultaneity of less than a millionth of a second, the plutonium would be compressed into a supercritical mass. If the bomb did not blow itself apart too soon, the resulting chain reaction might release the equivalent of thousands of tons of explosive force.
In addition to the Fat Man bomb, the Los Alamos scientists had developed another, less-complicated atomic bomb using uranium-235 at its core. Nicknamed "Little Boy," the nine-foot-long, four-ton bomb had been sent to Tinian Island in the Pacific early in July after its firing mechanism had been tested at Los Alamos using inert materials in place of the nuclear core.
There could be no full-scale test of Little Boy because only enough uranium-235 was available to prepare the one gadget, and it would be many months before sufficient U-235 would be available for a second bomb. The Fat Man bomb, however, was expected to use a small amount of plutonium with greater efficiency. And the production schedule of plutonium assured that a second bomb like the one to be tested at Trinity could be ready by early August, and another, if needed, a few weeks later.
Thursday, July 12
A bomb in the back seat
At 3 a.m. Phil Morrison and biophysicist Paul Aebersold, of the radiation-monitoring team, met at the heavily guarded nuclear-materials vault. Morrison cautiously loaded the pieces of the core into a special carrying case. The case was placed on the back seat of a sedan, between Morrison and Aebersold, with a security officer in the front seat. Another car of security men drove ahead of them. When they reached the Trinity site, 200 road miles south of Los Alamos, the case was taken to an abandoned ranch house where a makeshift assembly laboratory had been prepared.
Friday, July 13
On to Trinity
At one minute after midnight, the well-guarded truck containing the nonnuclear assembly of the bomb began its 200-mile trip from Los Alamos. The bomb assembly arrived at Trinity before noon and was gently deposited at the base of the 100-foot tower. At the ranch house, the nuclear core was assembled by Bacher, Morrison, Holloway, and Slotin and carefully checked.
Saturday, July 14
A critical glitch
Early in the morning, Bacher and Holloway drove to the tower with the nuclear core. Army Sgts. Leo Jercinovic and Al Van Vessem opened up part of the high-explosive assembly. The nuclear core was suspended by a chain from the tower hoist and was slowly lowered into the bomb.
Bacher watched the needles on instruments that had been set up to record any increase of radioactivity. Holloway leaned over the bomb, his head inside it, and gave arm signals to the hoist operator. The nuclear core was inched carefully downward.
Suddenly, it stuck!
What had gone wrong? Bacher, Holloway, Oppenheimer, and Kistiakowsky held a hurried conference. The parts had been measured and checked several times and had fitted exactly during the dry runs. Perhaps the nuclear materials, ordinarily stored next to cold metal, had warmed and expanded slightly in the short time since leaving Los Alamos.
Bacher suggested the core be left in contact with the colder bomb assembly to see if the core would cool and contract. After about five minutes, Holloway went back to the bomb and signaled for the core to be lowered again. It clicked into place.
After the bomb was hauled into the tower cab 100 feet off the ground, the detonators were put into position. Then the firing unit was attached. For safety reasons, and because additional checks on experiments had to be made, the bomb was not finally armed. Instead, wires carrying signals from the control point stayed hooked into a dummy firing unit that had been in use for all the rehearsals.
Sunday, July 15
From drizzle to downpour
General Groves arrived at Trinity base camp, 10 miles south of ground zero. With him were a number of V.I.P. observers, including Vannevar Bush, wartime head of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, and James Conant, chairman of the National Defense Research Committee.
In midafternoon, a group of scientists left Los Alamos in two buses, bound for an observation point 20 miles northwest of Trinity. At the test site, men hustled about in the 90-degree F. heat, making final checks of instruments and circuits. The sky was overcast, but meteorologist Jack Hubbard was hopeful that the unusual summer weather front would soon break up.
Shortly after 5 o'clock Bainbridge called a halt to the testing of circuits. Donald Hornig, a 25-year-old-scientist from Harvard, climbed the tower, unscrewed the cables from the dummy firing unit, and attached them to the nuclear bomb. This was the last step. Now all that stood between Fat Man and its moment of truth was the closing of two switches.
At base camp, all the suppertime conversation was centered on the weather, growing worse by the minute. A light drizzle turned into a downpour accompanied by occasional flashes of lightning. Oppenheimer decided that Hornig should go back to the top of the tower and make sure everything was all right.
Hornig found everything in order. In the dim light of a single 60-watt bulb that hung over the gadget, he pulled out of his pocket a paperback, "Desert Island Decameron." But with lightning flashing nearby, Hornig found it difficult to concentrate on his reading.
At each flash he stopped reading and audibly counted the seconds, trying to judge how close the bolt had been to the tower. He knew that a week before, during a dry run with the practice firing unit in place, a lightning bolt had activated the firing circuit. No harm had been done other than to close the firing circuit prematurely and spoil the practice.
Now Hornig tried not to think about what might happen if lightning hit the live gadget.
*Part II will appear tomorrow. Robert Cahn won a Pulitzer Prize for a Christian Science Monitor series on America's national parks.This article is adapted from one he wrote for The Saturday Evening Post that appeared July 16, 1960.