text:
|Número de publicación||US5796655 A|
|Tipo de publicación||Concesión|
|Número de solicitud||US 08/954,152|
|Fecha de publicación||18 Ago 1998|
|Fecha de presentación||20 Oct 1997|
|Fecha de prioridad||20 Oct 1997|
|También publicado como||DE69833603D1, EP0911832A2, EP0911832A3, EP0911832B1|
|Número de publicación||08954152, 954152, US 5796655 A, US 5796655A, US-A-5796655, US5796655 A, US5796655A|
|Inventores||Robert Harrison Reed, Dennis Michael Koglin, Mark Billings Kearney|
|Cesionario original||Delco Electronics Corporation|
|Exportar cita||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Citas de patentes (3), Citada por (8), Clasificaciones (11), Eventos legales (5)|
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet|
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a programmable memory cell and, more particularly, to a programmable non-volatile memory cell having programming margin verification.
Memory cells are commonly used to provide non-volatile data retention for a wide variety of applications. For example, several memory cells in combination with a digital-to-analog converter can be used to generate precise calibration signals for pressure sensors and accelerometer sensors by narrowing binary weighted analog output voltages or currents to meet circuit calibration and functional adjustment requirements. Common calibration signals are used to set offset voltage and gain and often compensate for temperature variations. The generation of calibration signals by programming memory cells can be performed during an electrical test during final assembly or could be performed after assembly by the end user to produce non-volatile calibration voltages and currents.
Conventional techniques for generating calibration factor signals have included the use of programmable metal fuses, zener diode trimming (e.g., zener-zapping) and other well known established non-volatile memory devices such as erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) and electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM). One example of a calibration technique is described in issued U.S. Pat. No. 5,572,472, entitled "Integrated Zener-Zap Non-Volatile Memory Cell With Programming and Pretest Capability", issued on Nov. 5, 1996 to the assignee of the present application. The aforementioned issued patent is incorporated by reference herein.
The above-identified zener zap technique uses an array of zener diodes to trim in a value by selectively shorting out (zapping) the junctions of diodes that are in parallel with certain resistors. This process effectively removes the resistor from the circuit. However, this generally requires large resistor values and also requires relatively high current levels to short out the diode junction. The above-identified zener zap technique also includes a pretest capability wherein a lower voltage input is applied to a designated memory cell to check if the desired programmed state is appropriate, and if so applies a higher voltage to zap the zener diode and thereby provide permanent programming to the memory cell. One example of an EEPROM memory is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,014,098 to Schlais, entitled "EPROM in Double Poly High Density CMOS". More recently, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) non-volatile memory cells have been developed which utilize programmable MOS transistors (PMT). Examples of electrically programmable MOS transistor-based memory cells are disclosed in co-pending patent application Ser. No. (Delco Case No. H-188616), entitled "EPROM in Double Poly High Density CMOS", Ser. No. Delco Case No. H-194837), entitled "EPROM in High Density CMOS Having Added Substrate Diffusion", and U.S. Ser. No. (Delco Case No. H-194838), entitled, "EPROM in High Density CMOS With Metallization Capacitor", all of which are assignable to the Assignee of the present invention. The aforementioned co-pending patent applications are incorporated herein by reference. PMT devices utilize and the MOS memory cell can utilize floating gate avalanche injection MOS (FAMOS) technology.
While programming of memory cells is achievable with the above-identified memory circuits, it has become desirable to more easily verify that the programmed threshold voltage or voltage margin has been properly effected. In the past, voltage margin verification techniques have included checking the state of the transistors. Conventional verification approaches can be time consuming and can be intrusive to the circuit. An easier and non-intrusive approach is desired.
It is therefore desirable to provide for a memory cell having programming voltage margin verification that is easy and non-intrusive. It is particularly desirable to provide for programming margin verification for a metal oxide semi-conductor non-volatile memory cell which utilizes programmable MOS transistors. It is further desirable to provide for such a memory cell with programming margin verification that allows for programmed condition verification for both the programmed state and unprogrammed state of the memory cell.
In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, a memory cell having programming margin verification is provided. A voltage comparator is included having a differential input with first and second inputs. Bias circuitry generates the differential input. A voltage offset is applied to the second input of the comparator to provide an input offset voltage. A programming voltage is received for programming the memory cell and the memory cell provides an output signal. To verify an unprogrammed state voltage margin of the memory cell, margin detection circuitry receives a verification check signal and the output is monitored to determine whether the unprogrammed state voltage margin is proper. To verify a proper programmed state voltage margin of the memory cell, current is sensed through the programming input and a determination of a proper programmed state voltage margin is determined as a function of the sensed current.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following description and upon reference to the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a programmable MOS transistor-based memory cell with bias circuitry according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram further illustrating the memory cell of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram further illustrating the bias circuitry in accordance with the present invention for achieving programming voltage margin verification.
Turning now to FIG. 1, a memory cell 10 is shown in combination with a portion of bias circuitry 26 for providing memory cell programming and programming voltage margin verification in accordance with the present invention. The memory cell 10 is preferably a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) non-volatile memory cell utilizing programmable MOS transistors (PMT) and is preferably fabricated in a high-performance CMOS wafer process. The programmable MOS transistors (PMTs) preferably utilize floating gate avalanche injection MOS (FAMOS) technology and can be fabricated with other n-channel transistors, p-transistors, and standard integrated circuit elements. The programmable MOS transistors are one-time programmable n-channel enhancement transistors which generally require no additional masking levels or process steps. While one example of a memory cell 10 is discussed herein, it should be appreciated that other memory cells may be used in connection with the programming voltage margin verification of the present invention.
The preferred memory cell 10 includes a comparator (C) 12 having an inverting input (-) coupled to line 14 and a non-inverting input (+) coupled to line 16 via a voltage offset (Voff) 18. Lines 14 and 16 supply a differential input voltage from bias circuitry 26 to comparator 12 with the addition of the voltage offset (Voff) applied to the non-inverting input of comparator 12. In response, comparator 12 produces a memory cell output Q on output pin 20. Memory cell 10 further includes an inverter 22 coupled to pin 20 for supplying an inverted memory cell output Q on pin 24. When biased, the unprogrammed memory cell 10 has an output Q with a logic "0" output. Upon programming, the memory cell 10 has an output Q on pin 20 with a logic "1" output.
Output pin 20 of memory cell 10 is shown connected to a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter 25 in accordance with one application. The digital-to-analog converter 25 provides an analog output signal that can be used to precisely calibrate sensors, such as providing gain and offset calibration as well as temperature compensation. However, output Q can be supplied to various other devices as should be evident to one in the art.
The bias circuitry 26 includes MOS transistor 32 with a gate for receiving a verification check signal identified as MARGINB on verification check input line 30. Bias circuitry 26 further includes an NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) 34 having a collector coupled to current source IREF with the collector further coupled to both the base of transistor 34 and the source of transistor 32. In addition, transistor 34 has an emitter tied to the drain of transistor 32. The collector terminal of transistor 34 supplies a voltage input identified as INPROG on line 14 as an input to comparator 12. Bias circuit 26 further includes a gate-drain connected programmable MOS transistor 38 having a drain coupled to both the drain of transistor 32 and the emitter of transistor 34 via resistor 36. The drain terminal of transistor 38 supplies a second voltage input identified as INBIAS on line 16 which is offset by voltage offset (Voff) 18 and applied to the non-inverting input of comparator 12. Programmable MOS transistor 38 has a gate tied back to the drain thereof and further has a source coupled to the drain of a gate-drain connected MOS transistor 40. Transistor 40 has a gate tied back to the drain thereof and has a source connected to ground 29.
The gate-drain connected transistors 40 and 38 are biased by current Iref and provide bias voltage to the non-inverting input 16 of the memory cell 10. The differential input bias voltage across transistor 34 and resistor 36 is developed by the bias current Iref. Resistor 36 is preferably a diffused resistor exhibiting a positive temperature coefficient of resistance. Accordingly, bias current Iref possesses a slight positive temperature coefficient resulting in a voltage drop across resistor 36 with a positive temperature coefficient of voltage. This voltage combined with the approximately -2.2 mV per degrees celsius of temperature coefficient of on-voltage of the diode-connected transistor 34 yields a differential input bias voltage with a net negative temperature coefficient of voltage. The sum of the input offset voltage of the memory cell 10 with the differential bias voltage yields an effective memory cell offset voltage that is relatively invariant with respect to temperature and process variations.
With particular reference to FIG. 2, the memory cell 10 is further shown in greater detail. Memory cell 10 further includes row and column decoding inputs on lines 72 and 74, respectively. Memory cell 10 is preferably fabricated in an electronically programmable memory array and is individually addressable via the row and column decoding. The memory cell 10 is addressed when the corresponding row and column decoding lines address that particular memory cell. Row and column address decoding may be achieved in a manner similar to that described in pending application Ser. No. 08/423,008, DE No. H-188716 entitled "Analog Voltage Address Decoder Circuit", which is also incorporated herein by reference.
Memory cell 10 includes transistors 76, 80 and 82. Transistor 82 has a gate coupled to column decode input line 74, a source coupled to ground and a drain coupled to the source of transistor 80. Transistor 80 further has a gate coupled to row decode input line 72 with a drain coupled to the gate of transistor 76 and further coupled to HVDRAIN input line 70 via resistor 78. Transistor 76 is also coupled to HVDRAIN line 70 and has a drain connected to the comparator circuit 12.
The comparator circuit 12 is shown to include an input PMT transistor 42 with a gate coupled to input line 16 and an input PMT transistor 44 having a gate coupled to input line 14 for receiving inputs INBIAS and INPROG, respectively. A current mirror is configured with gate connected transistors 46 and 48. Transistors 46 and-48 both include sources coupled to supply voltage VDD input line 28. The drain of transistor 46 is coupled to the drain of transistor 42, while the source of transistor 42 is coupled to the drain of a transistor 58. Transistor 58 further has a gate coupled to input line 60 for receiving HVDRIVE signal and has a source coupled to ground. The HVDRIVE signal is also applied to the gate of transistor 62 which in turn has a source coupled to input 68 and a drain coupled to the gate of transistor 64. Transistor 64 has a drain coupled to the gate connection of the current mirror as well as coupled to the gate of transistor 50 and drain-of transistor 46. The source of transistors 64 and 84 are both coupled to ground.
Transistor 50 has a drain coupled to the drain of transistor 48 and a source coupled to the drain of transistor 44. The drain of transistor 44 is also connected to the drain of transistor 76, while the source of transistor 44 is coupled to the drain of transistor 84. Transistor 84 has a gate commonly tied to the gate. of transistor 54 as well as input 68. Transistor 54 has a drain coupled to the drain of transistor 52 and also to the input of inverter 56, while the source of transistor 54 is tied to ground. Transistor 52 has a source coupled to supply voltage VDD input line 28. Inverter 56 inverts the input signal and outputs the inverted signal as output Q on pin 20. The inverted signal is also input to inverter 22 which in turn supplies an inverted output signal Q on pin 24.
Accordingly, memory cell inputs INBIAS and INPROG drive the gates of the matched pair of PMT input transistors 42 and 44. Transistors 46 and 48 provide the current mirror load and are preferably designed such that transistor 46 has three times the aspect ratio of transistor 48. With equal input voltages on INPROG and INBIAS, the area mismatch of transistors 46 and 48 forces a bias current offset through the legs transistor 46/transistor 42 and transistor 48/transistor 50/transistor 44. This bias current mismatch results in a systematic input offset voltage at the memory cell inputs INBIAS and INPROG. Transistor 50 is cascode connected and provides isolation from high voltages employed during programming. An analysis of the circuit shows that with equal comparator input voltages, the ratio of the comparator leg currents is nominally nine-to-one according to the present example. Area ratioing of transistors 46 and 48 results in a larger current flowing across transistor 46/transistor 42. The net result of this bias condition is that transistor 44 is in the linear region thus forcing the transistor 52 gate voltage low. Inverting gain stage transistor 52/transistor 54 forces the input of inverter 56 to a logic "1" which results in a logic "0" output on output Q on pin 20. The memory cell differential input voltage provided by the bias circuitry 26 augments the input offset condition and results in an offset voltage of nominally one volt plus or minus 0.2 volts according to the present example.
Programming of the memory cell 10 and thus toggling memory cell output Q on pin 20 from logic "0" to logic "1" requires an elevated voltage on the memory cell input pins 70, 60 and 14, corresponding to signals HVDRAIN, HVDRIVE AND INPROG, respectively. To select a particular memory cell for programming, the corresponding row and column decode input signals must be forced to logic "1". Selecting a memory cell as described above with a low voltage applied to HVDRAIN toggles the memory cell output voltage Q on pin 20 to a logic "1". This soft-calibration feature allows a user to evaluate the circuit effects of programming the memory cell 10 without actually programming the cell permanently. In addition, the soft-calibration feature allows the user to determine if the memory cell is defective, i.e., in the wrong state, by verifying an output stage change upon addressing.
With supply voltage VDD on HVDRAIN and row decode input 72 and column decode input 74 asserted high, transistor 76 drain pulls the source of transistor 50 to supply voltage VDD. This action turns transistor 50 "off" and forces the current source transistor 48 into compliance. With the gate of transistor 52 at the supply voltage VDD, memory cell output Q on pin 20 toggles to logic "1".
Referring to FIG. 3, the bias circuitry 26 is further illustrated in greater detail. As previously described, bias circuitry 26 includes transistors 32, 34, 38 and 40, as well as resistor 36 and receives input signal MARGINB. In addition, bias circuitry 26 further includes transistors 100 and 104, each having a source coupled to supply voltage VDD line.28. Transistor 100 has a gate coupled back to its drain which is further coupled to the gate of transistor 104. The drain of transistor 104 in turn is coupled to the collector of transistor 34 and further coupled to line 14 via resistor 108. The drain and gate of transistor 100 are coupled to the drain and gate of transistor 102 via resistor 101, while the source of transistor 102 is coupled to ground.
The bias circuitry 26 further includes a high voltage gate input 86 for receiving signal HVGATE. Input 86 is coupled to both the collector and base of a transistor 106 which in turn has an emitter coupled to line 14. Input 86 is further connected to a resistor divider network that is tied to ground and includes resistors 92, 94 and 96. A transistor 90 has a base coupled between resistors 92 and 94 and further includes a collector coupled to input 86 via resistor 88. Transistor 90 further has an emitter coupled to line 70 for supplying signal HVDRAIN. In addition, line 60 is connected between resistors 94 and 96 and provides a signal identified as HVDRIVE.
Bias circuitry 26 further includes transistors 110, 112 and 116, all of which have a source coupled to ground. Transistor 110 has a drain coupled to the drain of transistor 104 and a gate coupled to the gate of transistor 112 and line 60. Transistor 112 has a drain coupled to line 16 and gate coupled to line 60 and the input of inverter 114. Transistor 116 has a gate coupled to an output of the inverter 114 and a drain tied to line 66 for providing signal HVPDB.
To program the memory cell 10, a high voltage pulse is applied to the HVGATE input pin 86 in the memory cell bias circuitry 26. The memory cell bias circuitry 26 generates voltages required for signals HVDRAIN, HVDRIVE and INPROG which are programming signals. To facilitate memory cell programming, bias circuitry 26 has circuitry to generate and route drain and gate programming voltages. For example, with a 15 volt programming pulse applied as signal HVGATE to input 86, INPROG voltage is approximately 14.3 volts. The diode connected transistor 106 drops the HVGATE voltage by one base-to-emitter voltage (Vbe) and isolates programming circuitry from the INPROG signal during normal operation. Resistors 92, 94 and 96 and 88 and transistor 90 form a voltage divider and buffer to supply nominally 10 volts to signal HVDRAIN. The voltage tap between resistors 94 and 96 provides gate voltage to n-channel transistors 110 and 112 and also provides gate drive to memory cell transistor 58. Transistors 110 and 112 disable memory cell bias circuitry during programming, while resistor 108 isolates the low-voltage bias circuitry from high voltages that may be present during programming.
The preferred physical mechanism by which the PMT is programmed is hot carrier injection from the MOSFET drain-substrate depletion region and subsequent storage in its gate region. Referring to FIG. 2, to effect the hot carrier injection in transistor device 44, once the memory cell is addressed, a programming pulse via memory cell bias circuitry 26-simultaneously applies high voltage to memory cell pins 70, 60 and 14 which provide signals HVDRAIN, HVDRIVE and INPROG, respectively. As a result, transistors 58 and 76 conduct current thereby placing HVDRAIN voltage across the drainsource of the PMT transistor device 44, while the pulse on INPROG forces transistor device 44 gate voltage to an elevated level. As the transistor device 44 achieves avalanche breakdown, electrons generated are accelerated into its gate oxide region by a large electric field across the gate oxide. As a result of this negative charge in the gate oxide region, the effective threshold voltage (Vt) of the PMT device is increased to the range of 5-6 volts. The effect of an elevated transistor device 44 voltage Vt on the memory cell is that transistor device 44 stops conducting current and current mirror device 48 goes into compliance thereby forcing the gate voltage of transistor 52 to supply voltage VDD. This turns transistor 52 "off" and current source transistor 54 forces the input of inverter 56 to voltage VSS, thus forcing the Q output on-pin 20 to a logic "1" state.
A description of the programmed state verification feature of the present invention is provided as follows. After programming and with the memory cell addressed (e.g., row and column decode signals set to logic "1" state), and a voltage applied to signal HVDRAIN input, minimum memory cell programming margin is verified by sensing current through the memory cell HVDRAIN pin 70. Signal HVGATE is forced to 6.5 volts in the bias circuitry 26. Under this condition, there is approximately 4.4 volts across the drain-source of transistor 44 and approximately 5.8 volts on its gate. If the programming operation was not successful, i.e., the PMT device was not programmed or is only partially programmed with an insufficiently elevated voltage Vt, current will flow in the HVGATE pin 86. This current flow, which is large compared to the current flowing through resistor 108, will be sensed and will generate an error flag during part calibration. The error flag indicates a faulty PMT programming attempt or a PMT device that will not accept programming.
Conversely, a properly programmed transistor 44 will not conduct current under conditions described above as its voltage Vt is increased during programming to a point that zero current flow occurs in transistor 44. Therefore, by sensing current flow through the memory cell HVDRAIN pin 70, it may be determined immediately after programming whether the PMT device has been programmed to a sufficiently high threshold voltage. This minimum voltage level may be varied by the voltage applied to the HVGATE pin 86 during the program voltage verification operation as described herein.
A description of the unprogrammed state verification feature of the present invention is as follows. The MARGINB pin 30, which is normally set to a loqic "one" state, is used to activate margin verification in unprogrammed memory cells. As previously described, the memory cell 10 achieves its unprogrammed Q output equal to logic "zero" state through a combination of the memory cell systematic input offset voltage and a differential input bias voltage design. The p-channel MOS transistor 32 is employed to short transistor 34 from collector-to-emitter. The MARGINB signal is active low, therefore a logic zero on this input activates the margin verification function. Under this condition, the differential input bias voltage appearing between memory cell pins 14 and 16 for signals INPROG and INBIAS, respectively, is decreased by the on-voltage of transistor 34, which equals approximately 300-700 mV. During unprogrammed state margin verification, the effective memory cell offset voltage is comprised of the sum of the comparator systematic input offset voltage plus the resistance of resistor 36 multiplied by current Iref, which equals 300 mV plus 200 mV, respectively, for a total of 500 mV, according to the present example.
Memory cell unprogrammed output state is verified as follows. If the memory cell output state changes state upon assertion of the MARGINB signal, i.e., activation of margin detection circuitry, the memory cell 10 has insufficient unprogrammed state margin and the part is rejected. If the output voltage does not change upon low assertion of the MARGINB signal, the memory cell has adequate margin and will therefore have minimum margin in the range of 320-750 mV during normal operation.
While this invention has been disclosed in connection with a particular example thereof, no limitation is intended thereby except as defined in the following claims. This is because a skilled practitioner recognizes that other modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of this invention after studying the specification and drawings.
|Patente citada||Fecha de presentación||Fecha de publicación||Solicitante||Título|
|US5014098 *||26 Feb 1990||7 May 1991||Delco Electronic Corporation||CMOS integrated circuit with EEPROM and method of manufacture|
|US5572472 *||14 Abr 1995||5 Nov 1996||Delco Electronics Corporation||Integrated zener-zap nonvolatile memory cell with programming and pretest capability|
|US5592416 *||15 Dic 1994||7 Ene 1997||Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics Gmbh||Electronic storage circuit|
|Patente citante||Fecha de presentación||Fecha de publicación||Solicitante||Título|
|US6195289 *||22 Oct 1999||27 Feb 2001||Stmicroelectronics, S.R.L.||Device for reading analog nonvolatile memory cells, in particular flash cells|
|US6836238 *||30 Jun 2003||28 Dic 2004||Escort Inc.||Police radar/laser detector with integral vehicle parameter display using a vehicle interface|
|US7098844||10 Dic 2004||29 Ago 2006||Escort Inc.||Acceleration detector with integral vehicle parameter display using a vehicle interface|
|US7397416||24 Ago 2006||8 Jul 2008||Escort Inc.||Police radar/laser detector with integral vehicle parameter display using a vehicle interface|
|US20040119113 *||19 Dic 2002||24 Jun 2004||Simacek Thomas K.||Programmable memory transistor|
|US20040246171 *||30 Jun 2003||9 Dic 2004||Escort Inc.||Police radar/laser detector with integral vehicle parameter display using a vehicle interface|
|US20060055583 *||10 Dic 2004||16 Mar 2006||Escort Inc.||Acceleration detector with integral vehicle parameter display using a vehicle interface|
|US20060284756 *||24 Ago 2006||21 Dic 2006||Escort Inc.||Police Radar/Laser Detector with Integral Vehicle Parameter Display Using a Vehicle Interface|
|Clasificación de EE.UU.||365/185.22, 365/201, 365/188, 365/189.07|
|Clasificación internacional||G11C29/50, G11C17/00, G11C16/34|
|Clasificación cooperativa||G11C16/3454, G11C16/3459|
|Clasificación europea||G11C16/34V4C, G11C16/34V4|
|20 Oct 1997||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: DELCO ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, INDIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:REED, ROBERT HARRISON;KOGLIN, DENNIS MICHAEL;KEARNEY, MARK BILLINGS;REEL/FRAME:008786/0569;SIGNING DATES FROM 19971013 TO 19971015
|31 Ene 2002||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|30 Sep 2005||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: DELPHI TECHNOLOGIES INC., MICHIGAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DELCO ELECTRONICS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:017115/0208
Effective date: 20050930
|27 Ene 2006||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|29 Ene 2010||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12

domain: physics


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domain: food


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text:
Transition temperature of strong-coupling superconductors
O.V. Dolgov a, b
E.G. Maksimov a
a Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
b Max-Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
The possible existence of superconductors with high transition temperatures is analyzed for both the ordinary electron-phonon interaction and nonphonon superconductivity mechanisms. The existence of such systems depends on a negative static dielectric permittivity. The possible occurrence of this situation for an electron-ion system is analyzed. It is shown that negative values of the static dielectric permittivity are possible in the case of strong local-field effects, i. e., in the case of exchange-correlation interactions in the electron subsystem or the localization of point ions for an electron-phonon system. Equations for the transition temperature of strong-coupling superconductors are analyzed. Restrictions imposed on the transition temperature by the equations themselves and by the conditions for stability of the material are examined.

domain: chemistry


text:
PO1 Recruitment Program 1st Cycle CY 2017 Face to Face Interview Schedule
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Bulan Sorsogon – At around 3:45 AM of March 30, 2017, Bulan MPS received information from a concerned citizen that flitches of good lumbers are being transported by a tricycle at Brgy. Fabrica, Bulan, Sorsogon. Upon receipt of said report, elements of Bulan MPS proceeded at the said place and recovered good lumbers from Pelagio GURAY y Guelas, 60 years old, married, farmer; and Jommel GURAY y Layco, 37 years old, married, farmer, both residents of Brgy. Beguin, Bulan, Sorsogon.
Personnel of Labo Municipal Police Station (MPS) arrested Reynaldo Galleta y Mago, 53, married and resident of Brgy. Bagacay, Labo, Camarines Norte on March 29, 2017 at about 4:00 P.M. at said place.
At Brgy. Poblacion Central, Ocampo, Camarines Sur,at about 8:00 AM, Wednesday, March 29, 2017, suspected drug dealer Mr. Danilo Mendoza y Iraula, 42 years old, married and a resident of Brgy. Del Rosario, Ocampo, Camarines Sur was apprehended by the PNP operatives.
One suspected illegal drug peddler identified as, Marife Ronda y Esxcaño a.k.a Joy, 33 years old, with live-in partner, native of Sitio Sto Cristo Fabricante St, Sipocot , Camarines Sur and temporarily residing at Purok 10, Barangay Poblacion, Sta Elena, Camarines Norte was nabbed by PNP operatives last march 28,2017 at Purok 1, Barangay San Vicente, Santa Elena, Camarines Norte.
Mark Anthony King y Tabinas aka “Kimmy”, 33 years old, widower, laborer and resident of Purok 5, Brgy IV (Mantagbak), Daet, Camarines Norte, was arrested by the PNP on March 22, 2017 at Purok 3, Brgy Camambugan, Daet, Camarines Norte for illegal drug.
On March 22, 2017 at about 9:00 AM, at Brgy. Ulag, Prieto Diaz, Sorsogon, Romeo Domanais y Embido Jr. @ Barong, 35 years old, with live-in partner a resident of Brgy San Juan, Prieto Diaz, and a wanted person,Sorsogon was arrested by the PNP operatives, .
Elements of Prieto Diaz MPS led by PSINSP RONY D ELPOS, arrested the accused by virtue of Warrant of Arrest issued by Hon Judge Bernardo R. Jimenez Jr, Presiding Judge of RTC Branch 54, Gubat, Sorsogon for Violation of Sec 5(a) of RA 9262 known as The Anti Violence Against Women and their Children (two counts) docketed under Criminal Case No. 3425 and 3426 with recommended bail fixed amounting to (P80, 000.00) for each counts.
Arrested person was apprised of his constitutional rights in a dialect known and understood by him and was brought to Prieto Diaz MPS for booking, documentation and proper disposition prior the turn-over to the issuing court.
An anti illegal drug buy-bust operation was conducted at Brgy. Salvacion Baybay, Calabanga, Camarines Sur, at around 2:15 PM, Tuesday, March 21, 2017 that resulted to the arrest of one Emmanuel Dela Cruz Jr y Pontillas, 42 years old, married, jobless, and a resident of Zone 3, Brgy. Sabang, Calabanga, Camarines Sur for peddling prohibited drug.
Joint elements of PDEA Camarines Sur and Calabanga MPS led by PCINSP ACE CHRISTIAN R MENDOZA (ACOP), conducted an anti-illegal drugs buy bust operation at Brgy. Salvacion-Baybay, Calabanga, Camarines Sur that resulted in the arrest of the suspect and confiscation of the following items:
a. One piece small heat sealed transparent plastic sachet containing white crystalline substance suspected to be “Shabu” (obtained thru buy bust);
b. Three pieces small heat sealed transparent plastic sachets with white crystalline substance suspected to be “Shabu” seized from the right front pocket of blue maong pants of the suspect;
c. Two pieces small heat sealed transparent plastic sachets suspected to be “Shabu” seized from the left blue pocket of the blue maong pants of the suspect; and
d. Three(3) One hundred peso bills (buy bust /marked money) recovered from the right back pocket of the blue maong pants of the suspect
Arrested suspect and the recovered pieces of evidence are now under the custody of Calabanga MPS for booking and proper disposition, while an inquest case for Violation of Sec 5, and Sec 11 Article II of RA 9165 (The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002) is now being prepared for filing in court against the suspect.
Personnel of Mercedes Municipal Police Station (MPS) arrested three suspects for illegal gambling on March 21, 2017 at about 1:00 PM at Barangay 5, Mercedes, Camarines Norte.
Suspects were identified as: Virginia Ablao y Austria, 38, married, vendor; Susan Roxas y Nebia, 52, married; and Esperanza Dequina y Jardin, 39, married, both residents of Purok 4, Barangay 4, Mercedes.
Suspects were apprehended by virtue of warrants of arrest issued by Judge Victoria C Dino-Reyes of Municipal Trial Court of Mercedes for violation of Presidential Decree 1602 (Illegal Gambling) docketed under criminal case numbers 17-5815 and 17-5816 dated March 7, 2017 with recommended bail amounting to P10,000.00 each.
Arrested persons are presently under the custody of said MPS for proper disposition.
Personnel of Paracale Municipal Police Station (MPS) arrested Maximo Pecana Jr y Sawali, 42 years old, married, gold panner and a resident of Purok 6, Barangay Gumaus, Paracale, Camarines Norte on March 21, 2017,11:50 AM at
Purok 1, Barangay Tugos, Paracale.
Suspect was apprehended by virtue of alias warrant of arrest issued by Judge Roberto A Escaro of Regional Trial Court Branch 38, Daet, Camarines Norte docketed under criminal case number 17717 dated September 27, 2016 for Violation of Section 11, Article II, of Republic Act 9165 with recommended bail amounting to P 200,000.00.
Arrested suspect was ranked number ten (10) in the list of Managing Police Operation watch list of Paracale MPS and presently under the custody of said MPS for proper disposition.
The Philippine National Police formally launched a new mobile app that provides an electronic platform for public access to PNP front-line services.

domain: law


text:
Friends of Rowing History
Brief Time Line 1850-1899
· Illustrations of boat races were first published in U.S. newspapers and magazines.
1851· Gothenburg RC was established in Sweden [Dodd].
1852· Harvard defeated Yale in an eights race on Lake Winnepesaukee in the first intercollegiate athletic contest in the United States (August 3). This boat race has been held annually, with few exceptions, since 1864 and on the Thames River at New London, Connecticut since 1878.
1853 · Bachelor’s Barge Club was founded in Philadelphia (July 4), followed in May 1854 by the University Barge Club, and in May 1856 by the Undine Barge Club, all of which are active today.
1854· The first Boston City regatta, typically celebrating Independence Day, was held.
· Writing under the pseudonym "Oliver Optic," William Taylor Adams published THE BOAT CLUB, a story involving a group of boys who band together for rowing exercise and competition, which became one of the most influential juveniles of the 19th century.
· Matt Taylor built the keelless four that carried the Royal Chester Rowing Club to victory in the Stewards and the Wyfolds at Henley in 1855; thrilled, they returned in 1856 in a Taylor made keelless eight to take the Grand and the Ladies.
1855· The Neptune from St. John, New Brunswick emerged victorious from the first U.S.-Canadian rowing contest, spurning coxswain or rudder to defeat the coxed J.D.R. Putman of New York for $2,000 on the Charles in Boston.
1857· J.C. Babcock of New York adapted a form of slide in a single; he subsequently outfitted a six-oar with slides in a race in May 1870.
1858· Brown, Harvard, Trinity and Yale boat clubs planned the first inter-collegiate regatta, to be held using six-oared boats in Springfield, Massachusetts, but it was canceled after the Yale stroke drowned.
· The crew was the first Harvard team to use red (later crimson) as a school color (June 19).
Note - A Worcester, Mass. newspaper reported the day after the 1868 Harvard victory that a crowd of jubilant supporters celebrated well into the night and "painted the town red". Thus, an American expression was coined.
· The Schuylkill River Navy was formed by several Philadelphia boat clubs (October 5).
· The first international boat race between French and English boat clubs took place in Paris [Dodd].
· THE ROWER’S MANUAL, the first nominally American rowing text (although it drew heavily upon English precedents), was published; it includes a section advocating rowing for women.
1859· Melbourne University Boat Club was established in Australia.
· The Schuylkill Navy held its first regatta (June), in which six-oared boats predominated.
· Josh Ward won the U.S. professional single sculls title (October 11).
1861· The BRITISH ROWING ALMANACK commenced publication. In the same year, Thomas Hughes published TOM BROWN AT OXFORD (a sequel to his immensely successful TOM BROWN’S SCHOOL DAYS), with the first widely disseminated descriptions of rowing at Oxford and Cambridge.
· The Civil Service Rowing Club was formed in Cape Town, South Africa, as well as the Canterbury Rowing Club in Christchurch, New Zealand [Dodd].
1862· James Hamill defeated Josh Ward on the Schuylkill for the U.S. professional single sculls title (August 13).
1863· Boat clubs were established in Austria, Italy and Switzerland [Dodd].
· A German, Dr. Schiller, reported developing a slide using wheels [Dodd].
· Tynesider Robert Chambers defeated the Australian Green in the first international world championship professional sculling contest.
1865· The Ward brothers were victorious over the Biglin brothers for the professional four-oared championship of America (September 25).
1866· James Hamill of the U.S. lost twice on the Tyne to Henry Kelley, the English champion, in the first trans-Atlantic professional rowing contest (July 4th and 5th).
· Rowing clubs were organized in Denmark, Japan and Portugal [Dodd]. The Danish club continues to flourish today as Roforeningen Kvik.
· British rowing eminence Edwin Dampier Brickwood called for the establishment of formal and exclusive standards for amateur status in the sport.
1867· The first trans-Atlantic race between professional crews took place in Paris (July 7), where four Canadian oarsmen from Saint John, New Brunswick defeated all comers at the Exhibition regatta.
1868· "Guts" Woodgate introduced the coxless-four at Henley by devising a foot steering mechanism and having the coxswain leap out after the start (Miller).
· The Saint John "Paris" four defeated the Ward brothers boat at Springfield, Massachusetts (October 8).
1869· Oxford defeated Harvard in coxed-fours on the Thames in the first trans-Atlantic amateur boat race before 500,000 spectators; broad news coverage of the race was soon followed by an explosion of interest in rowing and in the formation of hundreds of boat clubs in the U.S.
1870's· Schoolboy rowing programs were established in the U.S. at schools such as St. Paul's.
1870· The control of river traffic by the Thames Conservancy during the Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race inaugurated a useful custom of race day cooperation between regatta officials and municipal authorities.
· Yale was the first U.S. college crew to use a slide, utilizing greased runners in the Harvard-Yale boat race.
· A Tyneside four led by Renforth, who had captured the sculling championship in 1868, defeated the Saint John "Paris" crew at Lachine, Canada; in a re-match on the Kennebecasis River in New Brunswick in 1871, Renforth collapsed during the race, and died shortly thereafter.
1871· Thomas Eakins finished "Max Schmitt in a Single Scull" (also known as "The Champion Single Sculls"), the first of his groundbreaking paintings of amateur and professional oarsmen.
· Amherst, Brown, Bowdoin and Harvard formed the Rowing Association of American Colleges. Massachusetts Agricultural College defeated Harvard and Brown on July 21 in a three mile race for six-oared crews on the Connecticut River near Springfield, Mass. (the victorious shell is now at Mystic Seaport).
· The Ward brothers defeated two English and three American fours in an international four mile turn race at Saratoga (September 11).
· The October regatta of Harlem’s Empire City Rowing Club included a double sculls race for women, an image of which was published in Harper’s Weekly.
1872· Questions about the amateur status of several of the oarsmen in a Philadelphia regatta sponsored by the Schuylkill Navy (June 13-14) prompted debate throughout the U.S. rowing community, and lead to the establishment of The National Association of Amateur Oarsmen (which became the United States Rowing Association a century later), the first national amateur team sport organization in the United States (August 28).
· Three modern eights purchased from the London Rowing Club by three Philadelphia boat clubs reintroduced eights racing to the U.S. in a Philadelphia Thanksgiving regatta (November 28); among those oarsmen was the future noted illustrator A.B. Frost. One of those eights is depicted in the background of Eakin’s two 1873 watercolors of John Biglin.
1873· Bob Cook, the Yale captain, learned the English style of stroking at Oxford, and introduced it to U.S. college rowing, where it became the dominant stroke in college programs through the end of the century.
· Both Oxford and Cambridge used sliding seats in the Boat Race for the first time.
· Rowing clubs were formed in Argentina, Peru and Poland [Dodd].
1875 · Wellesley College established the oldest surviving organized women’s rowing program, while Charles Courtney began training women to row at the Union Springs seminary.
· U.S. professional Michael Davis patented the swivel oarlock [Miller].
1876· Rowing was one of three sports (the others were yachting and riflery) included in the U.S. Centennial celebration in Philadelphia. Edward "Ned" Hanlan, an unheralded oarsman from Canada, won the singles championship, and the Beaverwyck four from Albany, New York defeated the London Rowing Club in the amateur championship fours event.
· Harvard and Yale adopted the eight-oar over the six-oar, and began racing at the four-mile distance. Yale withdrew from the intercollegiate regatta. Harvard withdrew in 1877, and, for the next decade, while Harvard and Yale waged their annual contest in eights (moving from Springfield to the Thames at New London in 1878, in which year the first observation train was run), most other rowing colleges contested in fours.
· Two women raced single sculls over a mile on the Mohongahela River at Pittsburgh.
· Michael Davis patented a sliding rigger [Miller].
1878· Columbia was the first U.S. crew to win at Henley, taking the Visitors Challenge Cup for coxless-fours.
· The North German Regatta Association adopted the 2,000 meter distance for racing [Dodd].
1879· The first Childs Cup, named after a prominent Philadelphia publisher, was won by a Pennsylvania four; the regatta switched to eights in 1889.
· A restrictive definition of "amateur" was adopted by the Henley Stewards and the newly formed Metropolitan Rowing Association.
1880· Ned Hanlan, the "Boy in Blue," generated unprecedented international news coverage as a sports figure in beating the Australian Edward Trickett for the first professional rowing "World Championship" to be contested in England, remaining undefeated until his loss to William Beach on the Paramatta in Australia in 1884.
· Michael Davis patented the "Leg-O-Mutton" blade, a predecessor design to today’s hatchet shape, as well as a steering footstretcher [Miller].
1882· The Amateur Rowing Association was formed by the Oxbridge wing of English rowing.
1883· Rowing colleges other than Harvard and Yale joined to establish an Intercollegiate Association rowing in fours.
1885· Charles Courtney took full-time charge of the rowing program at Cornell, becoming the first professional oarsman to successfully transition to permanent employment as a college coach.
1887· Allen & Ginter, a Virginia tobacco company, issued the first set of sport cards as premiums in packs of cigarettes; the first 50 champions included ten professional oarsmen and ten professional baseball players - no other sport had as many.
1889· The other U.S. rowing colleges followed Harvard and Yale to rowing in eights and racing in New London.
1890· Reform minded English oarsmen established the National Amateur Rowing Association (NARA) as a more inclusive body than the ARA. The NARA merged with the ARA in 1955, bringing to a close a bitter debate over amateur status that had plagued British rowing for almost a century.
1892· ZLAC, the first U.S. women’s rowing club (named after four of the founding members, Zulette, Lena, Agnes and Carolyn), was established in San Diego, California.
· The Federation Internationale des Societes d’Aviron (FISA) was formed as the first international amateur team sport governing body.
1893 · FISA held its first European rowing championships, in Orta, Italy.
· The first women’s collegiate "boating society" was organized in England, at Cambridge’s Newnham College.
· The Boston Athletic Association sponsored rowing programs for seven Boston schools, expanding to 13 schools the following year.
1895· The newly formed Intercollegiate Rowing Association (IRA) began holding its four mile championship races for eights on the Hudson River at Poughkeepsie, New York. In 1952, after two years on the Ohio River at Marietta, the event moved to Lake Onondaga, at Syracuse, New York. The Cooper River, Camden, NJ is now the site of the IRA
1896· Professional rowing events were eliminated from the Boston City regattas, signaling the end of professional competition in the U.S.
· Rowing events were scheduled to be held at the Greek port of Pireaus in conjunction with the first modern Olympics in Athens in 1896, but were canceled due to bad weather at the site; rowing has been in every Games since then, and is the only Olympic team sport with that record of longevity and continuity.
Pierre de Coubertin quotation - 1911 "When, 25 years ago, I was seeking something on which to base the revival of sport in schools, it seemed to me that rugby and rowing were best suited to play the most important roles. A team of rugby players or a crew of highly trained and well drilled oarsmen embody those qualities of energy, endurance, patience, unselfish effort, self-effacement and disinterest concerning the final outcome which make for all that is most admirable and profitable in sport."
· Two fishermen from New Jersey, Harbo and Samuelson, rowed from New York to Ireland in an open boat.
· F.J. Furnivall founded the Hammersmith Sculling Club for Girls and Men due to his belief that "the exclusion of women from aquatic sport was pernicious"; he encouraged working women to row, and espoused sculling over sweeps.
1897· Edward H. Ten Eyck became the first American to win the Diamonds at Henley.
· The Sedgeley Club was established in Philadelphia for rowing women.
Friends of Rowing History
Please contact us with your suggestions - Starboard Oar
Copyright 2001 - Friends of Rowing History

domain: history


text:
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domain: automotive


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This is a portrait of my husband, Ken.
He was deeply involved in doing some geneology reseach on the computer with the morning sun shining in on his face and he never noticed me snapping his photo.
In the early stages of the painting process he was pretty unhappy with the underlying colors. There is a lot of green, blue, purple and reds.
I'm not very happy with the background, but the only thing there was a stack of CDs and a stack of paper, so I picked up some of the greens and yellows from the face area and did a general shadowy thing.
In the end, it really does look like him and for that, I'm happy.

domain: painting


text:
Rome — The pope, petting a seeing-eye dog? It happened at Pope Francis’s audience with members of the media the Saturday morning after his election. As a blind man approached the stage, even the most hardened journalist might have found himself cheering the pontiff on. They wondered: Would he do it? Do popes do such things? Well, of course. They’re human. And knowing Francis of Assisi, his namesake and a friend to all God’s creatures, the room would have been disappointed by anything less.
Saint Francis of Assisi has been described to me in recent days as perhaps even more well known than Jesus Christ — an exaggeration, but worth reflection. We have become a bit comfortable with Francis the peace-and-love saint, almost the “hippie” that Jesus is sometimes portrayed as. In both cases, that characterization might be a door in, but it misses the radical nature of the Christian’s call to total surrender to the will of God, to live the life of a saint. It’s the universal call to holiness.
There is a potential danger in the out-of-the-gates popularity of the new pope. It’s the same kind of danger that would have come had the conclave of cardinals listened to the pundits and picked their favorite, media-friendly cardinal. It’s the danger that we will miss the point.
Take Pope Francis’ call to poverty, for instance.
A healthy walk’s distance from St. Peter’s Square stands San Paolo alla Regola, on the ground where Saint Paul is believed to have first lived in Rome, under house arrest. A simple Baroque church in a Franciscan style, complete with faux marble, beautiful but not ostentatious. It is a subtle reminder that our material goods should always be related to mission. And while we may honor God with riches — there is a magnificent bronze sculpture of Christ crucified — what He is after is our faithfulness.
The men of the Christian Life Movement, or Sodalitium Christianae Vitae, have caught onto this. Dedicated to the Church, they are consecrated laymen, mostly from Peru, who having taken vows of celibacy and obedience. They live and pray together as a community and invite people into it. They lead Bible studies and catechesis as well as sports activities. Realizing that evangelization comes through friendship and engagement, these men witness with their lives. They are delighted to be living out what they believe to be God’s will for them.
Their chaplain, Father José Tola, suggests that while the pontiff himself is a witness of humility and poverty, the poverty he is talking about “goes beyond the material.” He is talking about “a church that is rooted in the essentials; he is calling the Church to go back to the essentials.” This means, “obviously,” that “Jesus Christ must be the center of the Church’s life.” Would that Christians actually live this way! Through selflessness and service, in which charity prevails, you could see this to be of value of the whole world, couldn’t you?
Alejandro Bermudez, a journalist and member of CLM, suggests that the phrase “a Church that is poor for the poor” should be taken “at face value sine glosa — ‘without footnotes,’ as St. Francis of Assisi said about how we should live the Gospel — no matter how challenging it sounds and how radically we need to change.”
This Holy Thursday, Pope Francis will wash the feet of teenagers at a prison for minors. When Pope Benedict XVI celebrated Mass there in 2007, he said, in the Chapel of the Merciful Father: “We live with others, we were created together with others and only in being with others, in giving ourselves to others, do we find life.”
Benedict continued: “The human being is a creature in whom God has impressed his own image, a creature who is attracted to the horizon of his Grace, but he is also a frail creature exposed to evil but also capable of good. And lastly, the human being is a free person.”
He said that “we must understand” what freedom is and what it is not: “Freedom, we can say, is a springboard from which to dive into the infinite sea of divine goodness, but it can also become a tilted plane on which to slide towards the abyss of sin and evil and thus also to lose freedom and our dignity.”
When we listen, we notice the great continuity between Popes Benedict and Francis. We see that the Christian message is about freedom: the freedom to choose to live for eternity, in this instant and the next. There’s no app for that, but plenty of people, who by their daily choices free themselves from the worldly chains that would drag them down, help one another along the way.
So much of what the Church is heard saying can be understood only when this is understood: that its message is one of constant conversion, of a freedom beyond this world, of love and mercy. When we begin to look at the world no longer through our political lenses, we see what’s different about the Church and what it has to offer the world, in an ecumenical spirit. That’s some of what the members of the media here, over 5,000 strong, seemed so fascinated by after Pope Benedict’s resignation. Francis has caught the attention of the world. Christians, the world is paying attention, wanting us to live our call.
— Kathryn Jean Lopez is editor-at-large of National Review Online and a director of Catholic Voices USA.

domain: christianity


text:
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واستنادا إلى استراتيجية "خدمة الترجمة"، وضعت كروشر 22 مكتبا في الخارج. إذا كان لديك أي أسئلة، يمكنك إجراء اتصالات مع مكتب قريب مباشرة. سوف كروشر نقدم لكم حلول لمشاكلك بسرعة.


Various planning applications have been validated by Plymouth City Council in the last week.
Associated documents can be viewed online on the council's planning portal.
You can search for search for planning applications, appeals and enforcements by keyword, application reference, postcode or by a single line of an address.
The full list of planning applications validated during the week commencing Monday, September 20 can be found below:
- 18 Athenaeum Street, Plymouth PL1 2RH: Demolition and replacement of rear tenement two-storey wall, replacement uPVC windows in rear first floor sun room, and installation of rooflight in approved rear extension.
- 75 Torland Road, Plymouth PL3 5TT: Raised rear deck area.
- Phase 5, Saltram Meadow Plymstock Plymouth: Discharge conditions 6, 7 and 8 of application 20/01240/REM.
- 8 Beyrout Place, Plymouth PL1 4QY: Replacement windows and internal alterations including demolition of external store.
- Stirling House, Honicknowle Green, Plymouth PL5 3QA: Non-material amendment to vary brick pattern on the buildings’ elevations from vertical stretcher bond to a single brick soldier course and Flemish bond variant.
- 112 Underlane, Plympton, Plymouth PL7 1QZ: Part-retrospective rear balcony on existing flat roof extension.
- 30 Frensham Avenue, Plymouth PL6 7JN: Part single and part two-storey extension with alterations and extension of single storey extension to form a conservatory (re-submission of 20/01702/FUL).
- 93 Lakeside Drive, Plymouth PL5 2SL: Non-material amendment: Change roof from pitched to flat with sky latern for application 21/01382/FUL.
- 17 Valley View Road, Plymouth PL3 6QJ: Hip-to-gable roof alterations and alteration of existing rear roof extension to form a rear dormer (re-submission of 21/01436/FUL).
- Stirling House, Honicknowle Green, Plymouth PL5 3QA: Discharge conditions 6 and 7 of application 19/01160/FUL
- Oakfield, Boringdon Hill, Plymouth PL7 4DN: Tree works.
- 181 North Road West, Plymouth PL1 5DE: Pre-application for change of use from Class C1 to HMO and first floor conversion to self-contained flat.
- Land north of William Prance Road, Plymouth: Request for EIA screening opinion for new Royal Eye Infirmary (class E(e)) with energy centre building, site access, parking , landscaping and associated utilities infrastructure.
- South Bank, Haye Road South, Plymouth PL9 8HL: Single storey side extension.
- 8 Almeria Court, Plymouth PL7 1TX: Raised deck and privacy screen to rear garden area inc associated landscaping (re-submission of 21/00869/FUL).
- 1 Headland Park, Plymouth PL4 8HS: Establish existing use of property as a 8-bed HMO.
- 17 Long Down Gardens, Plymouth PL6 8SB: Tree works.
- 2A Beech Avenue, Plymouth PL4 0QQ: Removal of front extraction pipe and its replacement with an extraction pipe to the rear (part retrospective).
- 201 Tavistock Road, Plymouth PL6 5DA: Demolition of existing buildings and construction of single storey drive-through restaurant.


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How To Style Thick Fine Hair : 11+ Ultimate Guide 2021. Fine, thin hair doesn't have to look limp. Here are some great tips and tricks i use to style thin or fine hair on men and for women.
The aim with fine hair is. Finer hair typically looks best when the length is at the collarbone or shorter, said holly pistas but aim to avoid heat styling every day. If you have thick, luscious hair, lucky you!
It's every girl's dream to wake up with full, lush and voluminous strands that fall perfectly in place.
If you have thick, luscious hair, lucky you! A long bob offers the. Everyone wants healthier, thicker, and stronger hair. Having fine, flat hair might seem easy to style.

domain: beauty


I had a few moments between interviews and thought I would check on conditions at Paradise at Mount Rainier National Park. When I saw the photo, I thought I should pass it along.
Here is an image from the Webcam at the new visitor center looking toward Paradise Inn.
Checking weather data, at 2 p.m. it was downright balmy at 27 degrees. But in the last two mornings, temperatures fell to -1 degree. On Monday morning, wind chills were amost -25 degrees.
According to the Paradise weather station, there is 36 inches of snow on the ground.


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buildings in one point perspective
Different Perspective Points More
tutorial city in perspective 2 by ~lamorghana on deviantART...Love looking up. Something different then the aerial view.
Instructables.com - really helpful how-to's on all kinds of art-related things
Muse Paintbar Events | Painting Classes | Painting Calendar | Paint and Wine Classes
I did this one in 8th grade. Just a pencil drawing. It makes me kinda sad that…

domain: hobby


changsha research institute of mining and metallurgy co., ltd.
Jun 30, 2015 . Rare metals (tungsten and molybdenum, gold) beneficiation processing . gold) by introducing advanced beneficiation process and reagents of.Más información
Extraction and Beneficiation of Ores and Minerals - Environmental .
The use of the terms "extraction," "beneficiation," and "mineral processing" . Beneficiation Operations . 220.127.116.11 Beneficiation Reagents .. profiles describe lode gold, placer gold, lead/zinc, iron, and several industrial mineral sectors,.Más información
Cyanide Leaching Of Gold - Mine Engineer.Com
And today, over 115 years later, most of the worlds gold is recovered with cyanide playing a large part in the beneficiation of the yellow precious metal.Más información
gold recovery: flotation - The Vespiary
The recovery of gold from gold-bearing ores . flotation remains the most cost-effective beneficiation ... a reagent scheme which is more favourable for gold.Más información
sketches & tables
Chemical reactions of gold leaching and cementation. 22. Cyanide . Leaching is a hydrometallurgical method that permits the beneficiation of gold ores from deposits which .. This means that process control is difficult and reagent recycling.Más información
BACK GROUND OF GOLD LEACHING REAGENT -----FLORREA .
Gold cyanidation, also called cyanide leaching, is a metallurgical technique for . gold is recovered with cyanide playing a large part in the beneficiation of the.Más información
Introduction to Mineral Processing - Chevron Phillips Chemical
In ore beneficiation, flotation is a process in which valuable minerals are . Many factors influence the amount of reagent required for a particular application. Gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, iron, potash, phosphate, and even.Más información
Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, Theory . - ScienceDirect
The online version of Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, Theory and . practice, and chemistry of flotation of gold, platinum group minerals (PGMs), and . and oxide minerals, as well as reagent and flotation practices in beneficiation.Más información
Gold beneficiation process: cyanidation, flotation, gravity concentration
Gold beneficiation process includes cyanidation, flotation, gravity . operation, the ore slurry and reagents are mixed in a conditional l so the reagents coat the.Más información


text:
McGill LibraryMcLennan Library Building
3459 rue McTavish
Royal Victoria Hospital Women's Pavilion Collection
38 cm of textual records.
The University Lying-In Hospital was opened in 1843 with the Professor of Midwifery Dr. Michael McCulloch as its Director and other members of the McGill Medical Faculty as consulting physicians. The Hospital was incorporated in 1854; in 1884 its name was changed to the University Maternity Hospital and in 1887 its name changed again to the Montreal Maternity Hospital. In 1923, a merger was arranged with the Royal Victoria Hospital, and in 1926, the Montreal Maternity Hospital moved into a new building, now the Women's Pavillion of the R.V.H.
Gift of the Royal Victoria Hospital Women’s Pavilion, 16 November 1976. Old accession number 563.
Collection includes the Minute Books of the Committee of Management of the Hospital, 1844-1926; a letter book, 1886-1896; Annual Reports 1887-1926; Medical Board Minutes, 1905-1918; Record of Pupil Nurses from R.V.H., 1908-1923; Annual Reports of the Auxiliary Board, Women's Pavillion, 1929-1943; Obstetrical and Gynaecological Report of the Royal Victoria Montreal Maternity Hospital, 1950-1960 and a copy of "Royal Victoria Montreal Maternity Hospital" by C.V. Barrett and J.R. Fraser, 1943.
The documents are in English.

domain: health


Samsung Galaxy S9 review
I have a Multivision PCD700 XL system running WinXP Home with an AMD Athlon XP1600+ CPU, Gigabyte GA-7VTX DDR Socket A Motherboard, 256MB PC2100 DDR RAM, and 64MB Hercules 3D Prophet 4500 yro 2 chipset Graphics Card. The system is 2 Years old, and has been relatively trouble free, apart from the odd software conflict that System Restore has resolved.
My problem is a couple of times recently the computer has refused to start. If left overnight switched off, on starting the following happens, (or doesnt!) The green power light and red disk activity light come on and remain steady. Nothing else happens.
The system does not go thro the self check, ie the CD and DVD drive lights do not flash, the floppy is not checked (no light flash and no short disk activity) and there is no "beep". The monitor remains in standby. The first time this happened, after several attempts and checking all connections OK, it did start, but no drives were recognised and a message "Boot Failure" given together with instruction to boot from floppy. My son eventually resolved this by (somehow) getting into the CMOS menu and clicking "Autodetect all drives" or some such. After which the computer booted up normally and all was tickety boo.
After switching off that night, the following morning the same symptoms occured on pressing the start button. Re-starting a few times had no effect, then after about half a dozen or so attempts, maybe more, the computer suddenly started up normally and booted OK. It has been left on since. I am suspicious of the CMOS/Clock battery, my son is not so sure. Can anyone help please? I am scared to switch off my computer in case it will not boot up again!
many thanks in advance.
This thread is now locked and can not be replied to.


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Dordt University and the Andreas Center to host conference on executive leadership for the common good
- Posted Tuesday, October 1, 2019
Dordt University and the Andreas Center will be hosting the Presidential Politics Conference of Iowa (PPCI) from Thursday, October 24 to Saturday, October 26.
PPCI is a national, cross-disciplinary event. It will be the second quadrennial meeting of scholars focusing on presidential elections and presidential power. Its underlying theme is executive leadership for the common good.
The event’s main speakers include:
- John Inazu, the Sally D. Danforth Distinguished Professor of Law and Religion at Washington University in St. Louis,
- Michael Wear, chief strategist and member of the executive leadership team for the AND Campaign,
- Emma Green, staff writer at The Atlantic, where she covers politics, policy, and religion,
- Daniel McCarthy, director of the Robert Novak Journalism Fellowship Program at the Fund for American Studies.
Additionally, the conference will include 30 paper presentations from a variety of professors and professionals covering topics in history, political science, communication, and more. Admiral Joe Sestak, a Democratic presidential candidate and former congressman from Pennsylvania, is scheduled to speak. Tulsi Gabbard, a U.S. Representative (D-HI), major in the Hawaii Army National Guard, and former vice chair of the Democratic National Committee, will also speak. Many other presidential campaigns have been invited to participate; additional speakers will be announced as their schedules are solidified.
For more information, visit https://theandreascenter.org/ppci/.

domain: politics


CNBC - Politics Bush 41 nephew blasts Trump and Clinton, and reveals who he plans to vote for 2016-10-21T16:54:00.000000Z Jonathan Bush tells CNBC he hopes this presidential election will fracture the two-party system. Trump would get US to energy independence in about 6 years: Advisor Harold Hamm 2016-10-21T15:52:00.000000Z Americans could achieve energy independence by around 2022, says oil billionaire and Trump advisor Harold Hamm. Bernie Sanders’ big brother fails to take over from David Cameron 2016-10-21T08:46:00.000000Z Bernie Sanders' oldest brother was placed fourth in a by-election on Thursday, failing to secure a seat at the U.K. parliament. Amid 'rigged' election charges, Russia wants to monitor US vote 2016-10-21T08:33:00.000000Z In an apparent move to embarrass the United States over Donald Trump's claims of a "rigged" presidential election, Russia sought to send monitors to U.S. Final Trump-Clinton debate draws nearly 72 million viewers, third largest ever 2016-10-21T05:50:00.000000Z An estimated 71.6 million people watched the final debate between White House contenders Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump on TV on Wednesday. Trump's spending spikes in September, but still lower than Clinton's 2016-10-21T02:52:00.000000Z Trump's campaign massively increased its expenditures in September, but he continued to trail Clinton's spending and fundraising. Trump, Clinton trade biting jokes at Al Smith dinner after fiery debate 2016-10-21T01:48:00.000000Z The jokes took on a dark edge when Trump got serious and and appeared to attack Clinton with serious intent, NBC News reports. For Donald Trump, challenging an election loss would be tough 2016-10-21T00:17:00.000000Z If Donald Trump were to challenge the outcome of the presidential election, as he has hinted he might, he would face a difficult fight. Even President Obama is making fun of the Galaxy Note 7 2016-10-20T21:00:00.000000Z Poor Samsung. Even the leader of the free world won't spare them from ridicule, The Verge reports. Ariad shares sink after Bernie Sanders demands info on its leukemia drug 2016-10-20T20:41:00.000000Z Sen. Bernie Sanders and Rep. Elijah Cummings request details after Ariad repeatedly raised the price of its drug.


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This is a beautiful long twist necklace of pink fresh water pearls with a small lace flower on the side, set with a sparkling cubic zirconia stone. The necklace can be worn full length or twisted 2 or 3 times around the neck.
Handmade in .925 sterling silver. Length: 120cm (41"). All measurements are approximate as every piece is handmade.


News From The Oil Patch 5/21/2014
Independent Oil & Gas reorts 95 drilling permits issued for new locations in Kansas for the week ending Friday. That's 4,013 new drilling permits so far this year. There were 38 east of Wichita, and 57 in the western range, including two in Barton County and two in Ellis County. There were 66 new well completions across Kansas last week for a year-to-date total of 3,270. 49 of those were in eastern Kansas, and 49 were west of Wichita, including one completion in Ellis County.
Baker Hughes reported 1,871 active drilling rigs across the US Friday, that's four lower than a week earlier. Canada had 57, up two. One rig dropped off the list of 30 active rigs in Kansas. Independent Oil & Gas Company reported 122 total drilling rigs across the state on Friday. That's 38 in eastern Kansas, up one, and 84 west of Wichita, also up one.
Land men are buying up real estate in advance of what some are touting as the biggest oil & gas boom in US history. The latest estimates for the Cline formation in the Texas Permian basin could reach an astounding 3.6 million barrels of recoverable oil per square mile. That would give the Cline Shale 30 billion recoverable barrels. So, even though it's smaller in area than the other big plays in Texas, it contains more oil than the top two US producers, the Bakken and Eagle Ford, combined. The real estate is needed for a potentially huge influx of people.
North Dakota's top oil regulator says the state’s oil production rose 3.6 percent in May to a new record, nearly 40-thousand barrels higher than their recent milestone of one million barrels per day. Lynn Helms, the director of the state's Department of Mineral Resources expects five to six percent production increases each month this year, which would double the increases reported in the last couple of months.
Two longtime competitors based in Denver are merging to become North Dakota's largest oil and gas player, producing about ten percent of the state's output at more than 107-thousand barrels per day. The combined company will have 855,000 net acres and 3,460 drilling sites. Whiting Petroleum is buying Kodiak Oil & Gas for $3.8 billion and will assume $2.2 billion of Kodiak's debt.
Regulators report a big drop in the volumes of oil shipped by rail out of North Dakota. The North Dakota Pipeline Authority says about 59% of the state's more than one million barrels a day was shipped by rail in May. That’s the lowest rail percentage since November 2012. In April, 63 percent of the oil produced in North Dakota was shipped by rail, down from a peak of 75 percent in April 2013. New pipelines are picking up that slack with more expected to go online soon.
Supporters of a ballot initiative to give local communities in Colorado the right to ban fracking has hit a roadblock, and now admit the measure will not make the November ballot. The coalition of volunteer groups now says it will not be able to gather the required signatures needed by the August 4th deadline. Look for redoubled efforts in two years. The organizers for two pro-industry initiatives are still working to put those questions to a vote this year. Iniative 75 was strongly worded, going well beyond a fracking ban. It would give cities and towns "the power to define or eliminate the rights and powers of corporations or business entities."
The City Council in Denton, Texas took eight hours of public testimony before voting down a petition to ban further hydraulic fracturing permits. The 5-to-2 vote sends the proposal to a public ballot in November. Tom Phillips, a former chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court, representing the powerful Texas Oil and Gas Association, testified that some of its thousands of members would "undoubtedly sue" if the ban eventually passes.
Royal Dutch Shell announced the discovery of roughly 100 million barrels of oil equivalent in the Gulf of Mexico's Norphlet formation. This marks the company's third discovery in that formation, which is roughly 75 miles off the Louisiana coast. The company has announced similar findings at two nearby wells in recent years, and the area has the potential to become a major hub for Shell, which is already the biggest player in the Gulf.
The US welcomed a move by China to take that drilling rig out of disputed international waters in the South China Sea, but said the entire problem highlights the need for China and Vietnam to clarify their territorial claims in accordance with international law. The state-run China National Petroleum Corporation announced Wednesday that the billion-dollar rig HD-981 will be relocated to an area closer to the Chinese mainland in waters that are apparently not in dispute. The arrival of the drilling rig near the Paracel Islands in early May ramped up tensions with Vietnam, which also claims the waters, and sparked deadly riots in Hanoi. China could return to those disputed waters. According to a release on World Oil Dot Com
, the company locked the exploration targets and identified well locations, and the next phase of the project awaits a comprehensive assessment of what are described as "oil & gas shows."
The Obama administration is reopening the Eastern Seaboard to offshore oil and gas exploration, announcing final approval Friday of the controversial sonic cannons that can pinpoint energy deposits deep beneath the ocean floor. The approval opens the outer continental shelf from Delaware to Florida to exploration on leases pending in 2018, when the current congressional limits expire.
The government will offer another 21 million acres off the Texas coast for oil and gas exploration in a sale next month in New Orleans. The more than 4,000 lease blocks covering roughly 21.6 million acres in the western Gulf of Mexico could produce up to 200 million barrels of oil and up to 938 billion cubic feet of natural gas.
The dream of pollution-free coal plants is getting a boost from growing demand for carbon dioxide used to revive old oil fields. Bloomberg reports one of the first major projects to harness CO2 at a coal plant to enhance oil recovery was expected to begin construction Tuesday. NRG will retrofit its East Texas coal power plant and pump CO2 into a nearby oil field that it partially owns. They'll spend one billion dollars on the project in hopes of loosining trapped crude deposits, while burying the increasingly regulated greenhouse gas. They hope to pay for it will increased proceeds from the oil field.
Mexico on Friday put into effect an agreement signed in 2012 with the United States to allow companies to exploit deep water oil resources in the Gulf of Mexico that straddle the countries' maritime boundaries. The deal lifts a moratorium and sets up a framework for companies to jointly develop any trans-boundary reservoirs. The Mexican national Pemex is opening the country's oil & gas sector to private investment. The Congress in Mexico is working through a series of bills needed to implement the energy reform.