After enduring years of fertility issues, Lady Antebellum singer Charles Kelley and his wife, Cassie McConnell Kelley, welcomed a baby boy on Thursday morning.
Cassie announced that Ward Charles Kelley was born at 9:20 a.m., weighing 7 pounds, 9 ounces.
"We can't stop staring at him and he hasn't stopped chitchatting with us since he arrived,'' the two said in a statement on her blog, Womanista. "He's got momma's nose and daddy's eyes and vocal cords and a head full of blond hair."
"We feel like our life just began today and are so grateful for a healthy baby boy in our arms,'' they continued.
In August, the couple enthusiastically announced her pregnancy on Womanista after years of struggles with fertility.
"I know there are a lot of women out there who have walked the road of a fertility struggle," Cassie wrote, "and we can all grow, heal, and understand each other better through our shared experience."
The couple, who have been married since 2009, worked with Dr. Abby Eblen, a Nashville fertility specialist, and endured some painful truths over the years.
"[Eblen] informed us that we had about a 1% chance of conceiving a child naturally," Cassie wrote. "Yeah. 1%. As far as percentages go, that's not awesome."
After revealing their struggles publicly, they got the great news that their first child was on the way.
"I want to give a special shout out to my husband, Charles, for being the most incredible human," Cassie wrote. "His love, support, passion for our marriage and our future children has never, EVER [wavered], even when the frustration seemed insurmountable. I am so lucky to have a best friend and partner in life like him, and our child couldn't have scored a better dad!"
Follow TODAY.com writer Scott Stump on Twitter.


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domain: topicality


text: Women's slogan sweatshirt from MINKPINK. Cut from a soft cotton blend with a slouchy, off the shoulder design, the jumper features a wide neckline, raglan sleeves and contrast 'Goal Digger' slogan to the chest. Complete with contrast topstitching and ribbed cuffs and hem. Soft, brushed lining. 65% Polyester, 35% Cotton. Model is 175cm/5'9 and wears a size S.

domain: fashion


text:
Oscillating Aquazoom Compact Sprinkler
The GARDENA AquaZoom compact sprinkler is perfect for flower and vegetable beds. Save time and effort, and let the AquaZoom compact sprinkler do the hard work for you. The even, uniform watering from the sprinkler ensures that all of your plants are cared for. The specially designed precise spray nozzles make puddles a thing of the past. The sprinkler is fitted with a sturdy, round base for extra stability, making it ideally situated in the middle of your flower or veggie bed.The AquaZoom compact covers areas ranging from 9 to 216m². Simply set the range (3-18 meters) and spray width (3-12 meters) using the sliders. Easily remove any lime deposits or dirt from the soft plastic nozzles by just running your finger across them. The built in metal filter also ensures no dirt or debris gets into your sprinkler, you can also clean the filter using running water. Made in Germany using high quality materials, the UV and frost proof sprinkler comes with a 5 year warranty.
- Frost proof and UV resistant
- Comes with a 5 year warranty
- Made in Germany
- Easy to set up and use
- Compatible with other leading brands

domain: agronomy


text:
After all, that individual was not born in Africa. Same goes for Mexican Americans or any other "politically correct" way of identifying an individual from where their relatives were born. Why not simply call someone born in the United States an American?
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I wouldn't mind being called a cockatoo lol. I agree with you and spanstar, someone should be called what they like to be called.
It is a very sensitive issue and why I asked. It is something that should be talked about and not swept under the rug. Talking about big issues in a calm and collected manor is healthy.
I understand the sentiment, but no one is holding anyone here today. If people don't like the country they are living in today they have the freedom to leave it. Everyone doesn't hate black people and find them subhuman.
Your comments are not new in that they have been used before in the past as stated "America Love it or Leave it!" When one creates a problem they can't always undo the problem for example should we all not leave this country and give it back to its o
Most African societies had slaves. Enslavement was often a by-product of localized warfare where the vanquished became the slaves of the victors. Africans sold their own people amongst themselves and to others as well. Caravan routes had long linked
Its not a matter of love or leave. Its a matter of identifing yourself in some other way than from an ancestral standpoint. You don't have to love the country to live here, its a matter of choice to live here.
It was decided for the American Indians where they will live in their own country. It was decided for African slaves to whom and where they would be sold to. It is time people stopped deciding for other races what they should be.
Technically, Egypt is in the middle east (a subcontinent), but I understand what your saying here. Geography is not one of the stronger aspects of the education system here.

domain: philosophy


text:
Beloved Guruji, I am concerned about our world, the nature, our life and the lives of our children as pollution and destruction is happening more and more. What can we do? Can you share from your wisdom how we can sustain this world?
Guruji Sri Vast:
“What a wonderful world! We want to sustain something, that is this wonderful world. What is sustainable, to sustain? We are living in a world and we are part of this eco system, it is like a family. And how we are sustaining this life, the whole system, how are supporting each other... there is a pot and you have some cookies and we keep on taking these cookies, how long can we take, until it is empty? Then we eat alone or do we like to keep something for the coming generations? How to maintain it all?
Comparing with twenty years back we are more aware and knowledged of the personal impact, of global warming, fertilizers, pollution and recycling. But at the same time the impact is higher now than twenty years back. How is it possible and why? Why? This means that there is an imbalance, some kind of gap. Somewhere the link is missing.
We create a bigger ecological footprint than twenty years back. When we talk about the environment or sustainable development we are aware of the crisis, what is wrong, what is not functioning, where the pollution is, what the mistake is. But we are not aware of what is beautiful. When we say sustaining – we are not talking about what there is to sustain.We are talking about what is not functioning – what a wonderful world! Since we are not able to see what the wonderful world is, we don’t have the comparison. We become more combating and argumenting in what way this is not beautiful, things are not functioning.
But the reality is full of pollution, pain, so much suffering, Guruji, what can we do?
Guruji Sri Vast:
There is pollution, crisis, abuse, there is this and that… Yes, but are these the only things that are happening? Do we talk about the flower that is blooming? When the flowers are dying, we scream ”They are all dying!” But when the flower is available, can we enjoy it? Suddenly if they say the moon is not going to come back, we scream. But the moon is available right now, but we don’t see it. We don’t see the beauty what is existing, but we scream when something is happening to the beauty, as if we are celebrating what is there. For me, this is the link what we are missing. In the name of sustainability, in the name of sustaining this world, in the name of environment, we become more negative argumenting . And everyone is talking in what way I am pitiable. But do we know the wonder of the world? Everyone is trying to find the solution to the problem – six billion people, six billion solutions. One who is able to convince his solution to many people, becomes a leader. And yesterday’s solution is today’s problem. And today’s solution is tomorrow’s problems. In that case, the world is nothing but a problem. If this world is nothing but a problem, are we talking about sustainability? If this life is suffering, what is the use of sustaining this life? What is the use of sustaining this planet? Let it go, it is fine. At least after twenty generations there won’t be any planet, there won’t be any suffering. That means we did our job: I welcome any company which is polluting, because anyhow we are helping to finish the game, since the life is anyhow suffering.
And we are very good people, not sadists, we don’t want to see anyone suffering. We are all complaining about this world, about this life form, the planet and what is happening, but still we are afraid of death: “ Can I push you?” “ no, no, no, no!” ‘Why? Life is not functioning.” “No, no, no, I like to live.” “For what?” That means we like something. What is that?
I don’t think we see us here living, to fix the problem. Take one full day and say how many hours you are involved to fix the problem of this life? That means we are here to live, that means something is attracting you to be alive. If the life is so problematic we wouldn't be here:
You go to a restaurant and don’t like the chef, don’t like the music, don’t like the food.Then you don’t have any reason to be there, you are out, looking for another café, another restaurant. But if you are still sitting there, that means that there is something is there that you like. And what is that? What is the clay to which you are sticking in this life? What makes us to be here in this life form? Unconsciously we are enjoying this life, and consciously we are struggling. Consciously we are suffering, unconsciously we are celebrating this life. There is something which makes us to be alive, to be part of this system, to be part of this whole. What a wonderful world!
I recognize the beauty in your words, beloved Guruji. What can I do as an individual living in an industrialized country, so that I don’t have to expect others to change?
Guruji Sri Vast:
The more we become aware of the beauty, the joy comes. The more we become thankful we start to appreciate what is there. When I am enjoying the flower, the trees and all the beings there, there’s a connection between the existence and me, between the planet and me, between what is happening around me. But when I am not enjoying, when I am not participating, when I am not celebrating this life… my ecological footprint is high, my impact is so high. When we talk about sustainability we are talking in a way about consumption, people are consuming. Every organization, every ecological movement is talking about how to reduce the consumption. We also blame the western society, which consumes. We have a comparison – America consumes this much, Europe consumes this much, Japan consumes this much and other countries consume like this, and this… And we want all these western societies to consume less, don´t we? We want everyone to reduce the consumption. So everyone is telling you that you are doing something wrong, you have to stop, you have to reduce your consumption. My question is: who is consuming?
Something is making you consume. For me the consumption of a person is not the problem, it’s a sympto something that is lacking there. Something is missing and this person tries to fulfill this gap by replacing it with some materials. A person who wants to buy a car does not just want to buy a car. He is trying to replace something , he is missing something. He believes "If I buy the car, that gap will be gone."
And the whole politics, the whole environmental activism is talking about how to reduce the consumption, or change the mode of consumption: I buy rice, previously chemically produced, now I have become ecologically friendly, and buy ecologically produced rice. I have a nice house, curtains, carpets, different fittings. Previously I just bought it, now I am aware and conscious, now they are ecologically produced curtains. My air conditioner runs ecologically and my car is with solar power…
Two things: One is reducing the consumption, the other one is we are talking about changing the mode of consumption. Whether you consume ecologically or not, for me it is consumption. It is good, it is a better consumption, you become a better consumer. We are changing the colour of our consumption. That is good in a way. But something is making us consume more, day by day. We consume and we question how to take care of the impact of our consumption, our lifestyle – and that itself is a big impact.
The truth is, the more we become eco-friendly in the west, we don’t reduce the amount we consume, we only started to change the colour of our consumption. I can see there is more recycling or we talk about waste management, but I also see that those things are dumped into some other country: When a guest comes, what do we do? We take all the things from the living room and we dump them into the bedroom. And we make sure the guests are not coming to the bedroom. And we feel good when they say it is so clean. Yes it is clean, but don’t go to the bedroom. And we made our western countries as very nicely fixed living rooms. We have made these dumped bedrooms in so many developing countries.
We know about all the bad things happening, and still we don’t change. Why is it like this?
Guruji Sri Vast:
Something is missing. We become more aware… but still there is no transformation. Why? We become aware of the problem instead of the beauty in life. When a person becomes more aware of the beauty of this life he is able to connect to himself: “Wow! There’s a flower, and this flower is just blooming for me! What a possibility, what an opportunity! What a lucky person I am! I have come all the way and I am able to see this flower!” And there’s something happening in between this flower and this person. This flower is not happening accidentally on the road, but this flower becomes part of your life. The more and more a person becomes happy, the need for consumption is reduced. If a person is happy, you can’t sell anything to this person, can you? You can´t sell anything to a happy person, you can’t control the happiest person.
“I can buy you a car, will that make you happy”? He’ll say: “No, I am already happy. I don’t need to have a car to be happy.” “Maybe I can pay you a travel to be happy?” And he’ll say: “No, I don’t need travelling to be happy. I am happy within myself. I am independently happy. My happiness is not based on what is happening around me – what I have or what I do not have.I am happy within myself. I am blissed myself”. Can you control this person? When a person becomes happy, you can’t control the person, you can’t sell anything to this person.
Why is the society still functioning? Because we are more negative about the life. That is the only reason why the economic system functions the way it functions now. The more and more you become positive and satisfied with the life, this system will collapse. The only way to make this system stop functioning in this way, is to become independently happy: Your cell phone is not functioning: “Yeah, the cell phone is not functioning, but I am functioning. I am not the cell phone, it is not changing my function. I am happy with myself, what a wonderful world!


text:
Michael Blake’s Statement on April Jobs Report
After the U.S. Department of Labor released the latest devastating jobs and unemployment numbers, candidate for Congress in NY-15 and New York State Assembly Member Michael Blake released the following statement:
Today’s jobs report is utterly devastating: 20.5 million jobs were lost last month, and the unemployment rate has risen to 14.7%. Americans are hurting. These are not just numbers—they’re human beings with families who now are struggling to put food on the table.
The consequences of this pandemic have permeated every industry and reached every household in The Bronx and across the country. Those consequences will affect us for many years to come. While assigning blame for the COVID-19 pandemic is neither possible nor productive, we need to remind ourselves that many of the catastrophic effects of the pandemic could largely have been avoided if we had a competent executive in the White House.
Simply put, the Trump presidency—including the complete disregard for pandemic preparation—has been disastrous for The Bronx and America. Trump initially called the virus a hoax, has promoted dangerous and unproven “treatment” methods, mocked New York officials, and recklessly emboldened protesters who claimed to be “liberating” their states but were in fact putting their compatriots in danger. In my own experience, it has been devastating to go around Fordham Road or walk down Third Avenue and see closed store after closed store.
Fortunately, our partnership with World Central Kitchen and HERE TO HERE has allowed several Bronx restaurants to re-hire many of their employees. In addition, our collaboration with the Third Avenue Business Improvement District, Spring Bank, Operation HOPE and investor Nathalie Molina Niño has helped provide support to local entrepreneurs who otherwise may be completely on their own. I’ll continue to do the work that my community needs in order to weather the storm of this pandemic, but I implore my federal counterparts to act swiftly following these latest jobs numbers, with a sense of gravity, purpose and survival for our businesses, especially those owned by women and people of color in The Bronx.

domain: sociology


text:
Jordan-based Joramco is first MRO in Middle East and North Africa to become certified to EN9110 standard
Joramco, the engineering arm of Dubai Aerospace Enterprise (DAE), has announced that it has obtained the EN 9110 certification.
The Amman-based MRO has become the first independent MRO in the MENA region to receive the EN9110:2018 certification, becoming part of an elite group of MROs certified to this standard in the world. MROs that are in compliance with the EN9110 standard demonstrate that they can meet the requirements of theircustomers and any applicable regulatory bodies through the documented implementation of a Quality Management System (QMS) that specifically addresses the needs of the industry.
Certification will enable company growth
Joramco CEO Jeff Wilkinson said: “Joramco is committed to providing world class MRO services to its customers worldwide, which requires us to consistently improve our Quality Management System. This certification enables Joramco to grow in terms of efficiency, productivity and competence, as well as gaining recognition by the International Aerospace Quality Group (IAQG)”
Joramco has more than 50 years of experience as a leading commercial aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul facility serving a wide range of customers in the Middle East, Europe, South Asia, Africa, Russia and the CIS countries, offering services on several aircraft models from the Airbus, Boeing, and Embraer fleets.
The company’s facility in Queen Alia International Airport in Amman-Jordan includes five hangars which can accommodate up to 15 aircraft. Joramco is certified by a number of international regulatory authorities including the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Jordan’s Civil Aviation Regulatory Commission (JCARC).

domain: aerospace


text:
|Publication number||US5192182 A|
|Application number||US 07/763,258|
|Publication date||Mar 9, 1993|
|Filing date||Sep 20, 1991|
|Priority date||Sep 20, 1991|
|Publication number||07763258, 763258, US 5192182 A, US 5192182A, US-A-5192182, US5192182 A, US5192182A|
|Inventors||Clarence R. Possell|
|Original Assignee||Possell Clarence R|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (27), Classifications (7), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to motor driven fans for moving air and more particularly to a motor driven substantially noiseless fan.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Heretofore, motorized fans have, in general, comprised rotary members having a plurality of radially extending blades which form lifting or shoving surfaces effective to drive the air either axially as in the case of propeller fans or radially outwardly as in the case of centrifugal fans. In either case, the blades, when stricking the air, tend to agitate or churn portions of the air driven thereby to create noise and bring about reduced fan efficiency.
According to the present invention, a motor-driven fan is provided comprising a plurality of thin annular disks which are closely spaced and adapted to be rotated at a relatively high speed. When the fan is running, a body of air between each pair of facing disks is rotated about the disk axes by virtue of boundary layers of the air on the facing sides of the disks. This air body tends to shear radially outwardly due to centrifugal force and thus move in a spiral path toward the outer peripheries of the disks, from where it is dispersed to the atmosphere. At the same time, air is drawn axially into center openings in the disks by the radially outwardly moving air bodies between said disks. By providing a plurality of such rotating disks, a relatively large quantity of air can be moved through the fan without any appreciable noise.
It is thus a principal object of the present invention to provide a substantially noiseless fan.
Another object of the invention is to provide such a fan without any inherently noisy and dangerous fan blades of conventional type.
Still another object of the invention is to provide such a fan of relatively simple and inexpensive character.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide such a fan adapted for use in the transfer of air to or from a room or other enclosure.
The manner in which the above and other objects of the invention are accomplished can be readily understood from the following specification when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a sectional elevational view, partly broken away, of a substantially noiseless fan embodying a preferred form of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the fan, partly broken away, taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
Referring now to the drawing, the illustrated fan is generally indicated at 11 and is shown removably secured to a wall 12 of a room or the like which has a cylindrical opening 13 extending therethrough. Fan 11 is supported by a base plate 14 secured to the wall 12 by means of screws, one of which is shown at 15.
A motor base plate 17 is supported in spaced parallel relationship with plate 14 by stand-off bolts 18 surrounded by sleeves 20 which are interposed between the plates 14 and 17. A cylindrical air intake conduit 16 secured to plate 14 extends through the cylindrical wall opening 13.
A relatively high speed fan motor 21 is positioned within a central opening 22 in the plate 17 with the aid of screws 23 and its shaft 25 has suitably secured thereto a semihyperboloidal hub 26 to which a disk or flange 27 is secured by means of screws 28.
A plurality of thin annular impeller disks 30 are mounted on the flange 27 in axial alignment with each other and with the motor 25 by rivets 31. Thin spacers 32, surrounding the rivets 31, space the disks 30 a short distance apart and from the flange 27. Typically, this distance can be 0.06 inch. An annular disk or flange 33 is also supported in axial alignment with the disks 30 by rivets 31. The outer peripheries of the disks 30 and flanges 27 and 33 are of similar diameters.
The disks 30 all have central openings 34 of the same diameter which are aligned with a circular outlet opening 35 of the intake conduit 16. The outlet opening 35 is of the same diameter as the disk openings 34 and the portion of intake conduit 16 intermediate the main part of its interior and the opening 35 is rounded convexly as indicated at 29 to insure a smooth flow of air therethrough.
The flange 33 has a central opening 36 which is somewhat larger in diameter than the disk openings 34 and encircles, in close proximity, a thin annular lip 37 extending inwardly from the base plate 14. The inner end of lip 37 is coplanar with the inner side of the flange 33.
A cylindrical screen 38 is fitted over the sleeves 20 around stand-off bolts 18 to protect the disks 30 from falling objects or the like.
When fan 11 is in operation, air is drawn through the intake conduit 16 from the right hand side of wall 12, as seen in FIG. 1, through the opening 35 and axially against hub 26 which directs the air radially outwardly into spaces 40 between the disks 30 and between the outermost disks 30 and respective ones of the flanges 27 and 33.
As previously indicated, individual bodies of air in the spaces 40 are rotated by virtue of the boundary layers of air engaging the sides of the disks 30 and flanges 27 and 33. These rotating air masses are then sheared from the boundary layers due to centrifugal force and move radially outwardly in spiral fashion and are discharged radially into the atmosphere through the screen 38. As the air is expelled from between the disks 30 and from between outer ones of the disks and respective ones of the flanges 27 and 33, incoming air is drawn in between the disks to displace the expelled air. The semihyperboloidal hub 26 serves to direct the incoming air radially outwardly into the spaces 40 between the disks 30 and between the outermost disks 30 and the flanges 27 and 33.
A better understanding of the outstanding feature of my novel fan, its capability of operating in virtually noiseless fashion, will be better understood from a comprehension of the manner in which a conventional bladed fan operates. When such a fan is in operation, much noise is created by air oscillation at the discharge side of the fan as a result of frequencies in the moving air caused by the fan blades passing the discharge opening. This can be likened to the noise created by the propeller of a small aircraft during its takeoff because both fan blades and aircraft propellers have lifting surfaces to move the surrounding air as they rotate. By contrast, my novel fan has no blades with lifting surfaces, the air it moves being accelerated outwardly purely by boundary layer drag on disk surfaces in an orderly and very smooth way so that it never gets set into oscillation. The result is an extremely quiet movement of the air.
All conventional types of devices that move or pump air exhibit lifting surface characteristics resulting in a great deal of operating noise as opposed to my novel fan which moves the air in a primarily laminar flow mode with virtually no accompanying noise. Furthermore, the latter moves the air in a substantially higher discharge flow rate than a conventional lifting surface fan does, as I have determined by actual measurements of comparative flow rates between the two types of fan. I have determined, by such flow rate measurements, that my novel fan design has resulted in a significant increase in discharge velocity while its noise level has gone down up to 100%, or more, on a logarithmic noise basis, by comparison with its conventional counterpart.
My novel fan is effective to move air at any motor speed because its boundary layer drag occurs at all velocities. Consequently, even when its motor is just beginning to turn, the fan starts pumping air. The rate of air output of course increases as the rpm of the fan motor goes up.
The following description of the construction and testing of a 40-hp motor incorporating the novel features of my fan, which I was asked to do by a fan manufacturer, illustrates the outstanding improvement of my novel fan over the conventional bladed fan. In constructing my prototype for this test, I substituted my disk system for a 4-bladed fan in a production model marketed by the aforesaid manufacturer. My novel disk mechanism was mounted in place of and on the same shaft as the fan unit in the production model to yield my prototype, and the motor was turned at the same rpm for comparative runs of the production model with its conventional fan system and my modified version thereof. The bladed production novel was tremendously noisy because of the blade lifting surfaces going past its discharge opening many times a second to create a noise level with that frequency. This comparative test procedure resulted in a 100% reduction in decibels of my prototype by comparison with the commercial fan with the four blades. The comparison also showed that with my novel prototype there was a substantial reduction in the amount of power necessary to drive the fan and a substantial increase in the amount of cooling air discharged therefrom, compared to the power consumption and discharge air flow from the production model of the fan. This improved performance on the part of my prototype resulted in a very significant reduction in the heating of the operating fan motor.
As those skilled in the art will appreciate, excessive heat is the enemy of an electric motor or generator and the cooling effect of my air moving disks on their driving motor constitutes an important improvement of my novel fan over a conventional fan system with its fan blade lifting surfaces. The lower the generated heat in a fan motor, the less damage to insulation, etc., results when the fan is in operation. The 40-hp motor employed for the above-described test was a fairly large, heavy motor and one of the noisiest motors that the aforesaid manufacturer produced, which was why it was picked for the test comparison just described.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US2031734 *||Aug 21, 1933||Feb 25, 1936||Air Way Electric Appl Corp||Vacuum cleaner|
|US2632598 *||Apr 5, 1950||Mar 24, 1953||Theodore Backer||Centrifugal blower|
|US3368744 *||Mar 8, 1967||Feb 13, 1968||Jenn Air Corp||Ventilator fan impeller|
|US4768920 *||Apr 29, 1985||Sep 6, 1988||Gurth Max Ira||Method for pumping fragile or other articles in a liquid medium|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US6227795||Jan 27, 1999||May 8, 2001||Schmoll, Iii George F.||Contoured propulsion blade and a device incorporating same|
|US6250071||Aug 27, 1999||Jun 26, 2001||Schmoll & Halquiss||Housing for a disk propulsion system and a method of using the same|
|US6375412||Dec 23, 1999||Apr 23, 2002||Daniel Christopher Dial||Viscous drag impeller components incorporated into pumps, turbines and transmissions|
|US6553923 *||Apr 23, 2002||Apr 29, 2003||William Stuart Gatley, Jr.||Blower housing with maximized interior spacing|
|US6779964 *||Jun 7, 2002||Aug 24, 2004||Daniel Christopher Dial||Viscous drag impeller components incorporated into pumps, turbines and transmissions|
|US7097416 *||Sep 25, 2003||Aug 29, 2006||Discflo Corporation||Rotary disc pump|
|US7341424||Aug 24, 2004||Mar 11, 2008||Dial Discoveries, Inc.||Turbines and methods of generating power|
|US7455504||Jan 19, 2006||Nov 25, 2008||Hill Engineering||High efficiency fluid movers|
|US20030121640 *||Nov 22, 2002||Jul 3, 2003||Joachim Currle||Heating and/or air conditioning system|
|US20050019154 *||Aug 24, 2004||Jan 27, 2005||Dial Daniel Christopher||Impeller components and systems|
|US20050069409 *||Sep 25, 2003||Mar 31, 2005||Gurth Max I.||Rotary disc pump|
|US20060253194 *||May 4, 2006||Nov 9, 2006||Dial Discoveries, Llc||Devices and methods for displacing biological fluids incorporating stacked disc impeller systems|
|US20070116561 *||Jan 19, 2006||May 24, 2007||Hill Charles C||High efficiency fluid movers|
|US20070140842 *||Nov 20, 2006||Jun 21, 2007||Hill Charles C||High efficiency fluid movers|
|US20090135560 *||Nov 19, 2008||May 28, 2009||Hill Charles C||High efficiency fluid movers|
|US20100111720 *||Nov 6, 2008||May 6, 2010||Nicholas Andrew Hiner||High displacement air pump|
|USRE40818||Apr 28, 2005||Jul 7, 2009||Gatley Jr William Stuart||Blower housing with maximized interior spacing|
|CN103133431A *||Aug 15, 2011||Jun 5, 2013||李耀强||Air supercharging device of bladeless fan|
|CN103133431B *||Aug 15, 2011||Jul 22, 2015||李耀强||Air supercharging device of bladeless fan|
|CN104884812A *||Oct 26, 2013||Sep 2, 2015||埃克斯黑尔风扇有限公司||Laminar flow radial ceiling fan|
|CN105673538A *||Apr 2, 2016||Jun 15, 2016||胡瑾||Multifunctional electric appliance|
|EP1242719A1 *||Dec 20, 2000||Sep 25, 2002||Daniel Christopher Dial||Viscous drag impeller components incorporated into pumps, turbines and transmissions|
|EP1242719A4 *||Dec 20, 2000||Nov 2, 2005||Daniel Christopher Dial||Viscous drag impeller components incorporated into pumps, turbines and transmissions|
|EP2912319A4 *||Oct 26, 2013||Sep 14, 2016||Exhale Fans LLC||Laminar flow radial ceiling fan|
|WO2001046564A1 *||Dec 20, 2000||Jun 28, 2001||Daniel Christopher Dial||Viscous drag impeller components incorporated into pumps, turbines and transmissions|
|WO2005031162A2 *||Sep 23, 2004||Apr 7, 2005||Discflo Corporation||Rotary disc pump|
|WO2005031162A3 *||Sep 23, 2004||Nov 24, 2005||Discflo Corp||Rotary disc pump|
|U.S. Classification||415/90, 415/143, 415/203, 415/182.1|
|Oct 15, 1996||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Mar 9, 1997||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|May 20, 1997||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19970312

domain: physics


Team Leader, Regulatory AdvisoryVPSG6.1
The Team Leader, Regulatory Advisory reports to the Manager, Regulatory Advisory, and assists the Manager with leadership and management of the Regulatory Advisory Team. The Team Leader is responsible for providing authoritative and consistent advice on managing reportable conduct allegations to the Commission’s leadership and the Regulatory Advisory team. This can involve researching approaches of other regulators and internal reviews. The role also involves liaison across government to ensure an integrated compliance effort.
Senior Strategic AnalystVPSG5
The Analysis and Strategy Team works collaboratively across the Commission to provide strategic advice and intelligence and contribute to improving outcomes for children and young people. The Senior Strategic Analyst is a new temporary position, reporting to the Manager, Analysis and Strategy. The role will focus on monitoring the performance of Victorian youth justice services, practices and policies, and requires strong analytical, engagement, verbal and written capabilities, with expertise in planning, executing and reporting on targeted and systemic monitoring activities in a government context. This is a temporary position until June 2019.
Senior Strategic Policy AnalystVPSG5
This role requires diverse policy, research and analysis capabilities. The Senior Strategic Policy Analyst will have expertise providing expert policy analysis and advice in a government context. The role is focused on external policy, practices and services but works across the Commission to ensure work is integrated with other Commission activities. The position is available full-time until June 2019.


text:
by Nate Wooley | February 19, 2013 9:05 am
Gasoline prices have been rising for more than a month, and people are feeling the pinch.
The average price at the pump has now increased for 32 straight days, reports NBC News. Including the most recent increase, the price of gas is up 43 cents during that time. That gives an average price of $3.73 per gallon — the highest in four months — and in places including California and Hawaii, gas is already more than $4 per gallon.
An analyst with Gasbuddy.com said gas prices are increasing earlier than normal.
“This is what we usually see in late winter, early spring, but prices have started to rally two months earlier than usual,” Patrick Dehan told NBC News.
Maintenance at refineries and one refinery closing, as well as increased demand and a switch to more expensive summer fuel are all causing the price to rise.
Source URL: https://investorplace.com/2013/02/gas-prices-rise-32-days-in-a-row/
Short URL: http://invstplc.com/1nCmB1t
Copyright ©2017 InvestorPlace Media, LLC. All rights reserved. 700 Indian Springs Drive, Lancaster, PA 17601.

domain: economics


text:
Barnard did his internship and residency at the Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, after which he worked as a general practitioner in Ceres, a rural town in the Cape Province. In 1951, he returned to Cape Town where he worked at the City Hospital as a Senior Resident Medical Officer, and in the Department of Medicine at the Groote Schuur Hospital as a registrar. He completed his master's degree, receiving Master of Medicine in 1953 from the University of Cape Town. In the same year he obtained a doctorate in medicine (MD) from the same university for a dissertation titled "The treatment of tuberculous meningitis".
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party and Chancellor of Nazi Germany from 1933 (Führer from 1934) to 1945. Hitler has been represented in popular culture ever since he became a well-known politician in Germany. His distinctive image was often parodied by his opponents. Parodies became much more prominent outside Germany during his period in power. Since the end of World War II representations of Hitler, both serious and satirical, have continued to be prominent in popular culture, sometimes generating significant controversy. In many periodicals, books, and movies, Hitler and Nazism fulfill the role of archetypalevil. This treatment is not confined to fiction but is widespread amongst nonfiction writers who have discussed him in this vein. Hitler has retained a fascination from other perspectives; among many comparable examples is an exhibition at the German Historical Museum which was widely attended.
Adolf Hitler is still alive Ooooogh - sssssh I slept with her last night Yeah Come out from behind That false mustache, Adolf I know your're in there Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha You favor life He sides with Death I straddle the fence And my balls hurt

domain: history


text:
|Publication number||US3608272 A|
|Publication date||Sep 28, 1971|
|Filing date||Dec 16, 1968|
|Priority date||Dec 16, 1968|
|Publication number||US 3608272 A, US 3608272A, US-A-3608272, US3608272 A, US3608272A|
|Inventors||Brown Kenneth H, Peri Leonard J Di|
|Original Assignee||Brown Kenneth H, Peri Leonard J Di|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Referenced by (15), Classifications (15)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
P 23, 1971 L. J. DI PERI ET GAS FROM LIQUID SEPARATION METHOD AND APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 16, 1968 w 5! 2 r0 4 W! U a w W x Q N Z AM J m r w; a m J m Q wmm SPACE cAvsuLE Sept. 28, 1971 L. J. 0| PERI E'I'AL GAS FROM LIQUID SEPARATION METHOD AND APPARATUS Fild Dec. 16, 1968 2 Sheets-Sheet 2- N EM (5 W I 7% 7 MM m;
M f m United States Paten 3,608,272 GAS FROM LIQUID SEPARATION METHOD AND APPARATUS Leonard J. Di Peri, 18325 Lahey St, Northridge, Calif.
91324, and Kenneth H. Brown, Fullerton, Calif. (15005 SE. Robinett Court, Milwaukie, Oreg. 97222) Filed Dec. 16, 1968, Ser. No. 783,850 Int. Cl. 301d 19/00, 51/08 U.S. Cl. 5515 9 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Method and apparatus for the removal of gas from liquid, whereby substantially all absorbed and entrained gases are liberated and eliminated from hydraulic systems and preferably closed systems and the like; providing for the circulation of primary hydraulic system fluid with complementary hydraulic system fluid, and with the provision of a surface tension device that collects dimensionally large entrained gas bubbles; providing for separation from circulation of a body of fluid to be batch processed and replaced into circulation for commingling in said primary-complementary systems, and with the provision of vacuumization and sonic energy application to be applied to said separated batch of fluid whereby gas liberation therein is stimulated and the time required therefor reduced to a practical minimum; and providing for repeated batching and commingling until saturation becomes insignificantly small and acceptable as may be prescribed.
There are many instances in the practice of fluid dynamics where hydraulic systems, especially closed hydraulic systems, require the elimination of entrained gases that have developed and accumulated therein. Without theorizing upon the various sources of gas bubbles in bydraulic fluid, it is suflicient to accept the fact that gases are developed in and/ or are admitted into closed hydraulic systems to the great disadvantage thereof. And, as a matter of mandatory practicality, there are such closed hydraulic systems which are rendered inoperable until or unless substantially all entrained gas is removed. For example, the otherwise relatively simple water-glycol cooling systems in spacecraft are plagued with entrained and entrapped pockets of gas, wherein the problem of gas elimination is at least two fold. That is, it is one matter to absorb and eliminate entrained gas bubbles and it is another matter to reach remote interstices and so called dead ends and also absorb and eliminate entrapped gas pockets. Heretofore, degasing of such systems has involved the expenditure of several months time before a satisfactory and acceptable gas saturation level was reached. On the contrary, the present invention reaches the same or equivalent gas saturation level within a few hours for each batch of fluid processed; and through the sequential and continued batch processing of liquid with a system and apparatus that purges with liquid substantially free of all gas, the absorption of entrapped gas is expedited so as to reach a satisfactory and acceptable gas saturation level within a day (approx) as compared with several to six or eight weeks as previously required.
Prior art gas separation of the type under consideration has been characterized by filter units that collect entrained gases out of the liquid that is pumped therethrough. For example surface tension phenomenon is employed to advantage in the separation process and all of which is time consuming when the dimensions of the entrained gas bubbles is considered (extremely small). Consequently, extremely fine mesh screens are employed and through which the liquid flow is directed at a slow rate, of necessity. Alternately, the size of such filters can 3,608,272 Patented Sept. 28, 1971 be increased but in which case the volume of the fluid handled becomes disproportionate and impractical. As a result, the capability of such systems is limited and the time required for their successful conclusion of gas elimination is extended into unreasonable periods as above indicated.
A known phenomenon is the filtering of gas from liquid by means of surface tension devices, it being the practice to remove entrained bubbles from the liquid. Further, it is known that vacuum pressures are advantageously applied so as to expedite the extraction of gas from liquid. Still further, sonic energy is known to be useful in accelerating the liberation of gas from liquid, whether absorbed or entrained as bubbles therein. However, the use of vacuum pressures and especially sonics in the liberation of gas from liquid has been restricted, for the most part to laboratory use, and has not been commercially exploited in gas separation of the type now under consideration. Therefore, it is a general object of this invention to remove absorbed and entrained gas from liquid in a closed hydraulic system, to purge the system to an acceptably desired gas saturation level, and all of which advantageously employs process steps and/ or structural means for advantageously applying the laws of physics to the accomplishment of efiicient liquid degasing.
It is an object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus that efliciently extracts gas from liquid through the combined physical effects of surface tension, of vacuum pressures, and of sonic energy, all of which are cooperatively combined to stimulate the liberation of absorbed and entrained gas and to collect entrained bubbles of gas, all while the primary system being treated remains closed with fluid circulating therethrough.
It is another object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus of the character thus far referred to that continuously removes the dimensionally larger entrainments of bubbles of gas from the primary system being treated While the absorbed and dimensionally smaller entrainments of gas, whether discernable as bubbles or not, are batch processed for eflicient degasification to an acceptable gas saturation level and consequently commingled with the former dimensionally larger entrainment liquid until, by repeated batching and commingling, the proportionate dilference in gas saturation becomes insignificantly small and for all practical purposes substantially equal to the said acceptable gas saturation level.
It is also an object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus of the character thus far referred to that supplements a primary hydraulic system with a compatible and complementary body of hydraulic fluid for circulation through said primary hydraulic system, and with provision for repeatedly separating a portion of said complementary body of hydraulic fluid therefrom for eflicient batch processing and subsequent commingling in the primary hydraulic system.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a commercially practical machine or apparatus for the substantially complete degasification of liquid, regardless of the particular purpose of the primary system in which it is used and regardless of the chemical and/or physical properties of the liquid and/or gases treated and absorbed respectively. It is, therefore, to be understood that the present invention has its application in the general field of fluid dynamics and the particular reference to a particular coolant, namely water-glycol, is not to be construed as limiting.
The various objects and features of this invention will be fully understood from the following detailed description of the typical preferred form and application thereof,
throughout which description reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the method and apparatus herein disclosed.
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional elevation showing a preferred embodiment of the apparatus.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are sectional views taken as indicated by lines 3-3 and 44 on FIG. 2.
In the drawings we have shown a typical physical embodiment of the present invention wherein the method is carried out through the operation of a typical apparatus. Fundamentally, the practice of this invention involves a primary hydraulic system X which requires purging of the gas absorbed and/or entrained therein, a complementary hydraulic system Y which provides a complementary fluid for commingling with fluid in said primary hydraulic system, and a separation of the complementary hydraulic system Y into separate cooperatively related filter and liberating sections Z and Z. The filter process involves the collection of the dimensionally larger entrainments of gas bubbles, while the liberating process involves the extraction and/or driving off and out of the liquid the dimensionally and/or infinitely smaller and absorbed gas. It is conceived that the method can be carried out by apparatus other than that described and claimed, for example elements of form other than cylindrical as shown, elements involving the artificial application of gravity, and involving inflatable membranes etc. Therefore, the method per se is as follows:
The primary hydraulic ssytem X can vary widely with the one limitation that it is a closed system through which liquid circulates. For example, a cooling system wherein the coolant is waterglycol. With such a system (indicated diagrammatically) of pumps, valves, chamber, tubes and like passages, various possible areas of fluid entrapment or dead end areas are unavoidable. Depending upon the disposition or attitude of the equipment involved, these dead end areas do exist and are a source of difliculty when purging such a system, and it is the liquid to fluid and/or gas to fluid interfaces presented by these dead end areas or pockets of gas or fluid with which the present invention is particularly concerned, in addition to the general presence of entrained gas bubbles throughout the body of liquid carried and circulated throughout the system.
In accordance with the invention the method is practiced by firstly coupling a complementary hydraulic system charged with compatible fluid in series with the primary hydraulic system in which the fluid is to be treated, and by permitting fluid circulation under pressure through the two systems. The coupling of the two systems is executed with the exclusion of any surrounding atmosphere. Secondly, the fluid is filtered for the collection of dimensionally larger entrainments of gas as and when the fluid passes through the complementary hydraulic system, and the gas filtered therefrom is extracted as it is accumulated. In practicing the method, the phenomenon of surface tension is employed by passing the fluid through a suitable surface tension device that prevents the passage therethrough of said dimensionally larger entrainments as gas which are in the form of bubbles that coalesce and accumulate for ease of extraction. Thirdly, a body of fluid is separated from the supplementary hydraulic system and subjected to vacuumization and exposed to sonic energy for the liberation of dimensionally and infinitely smaller entrainments and absorbed gas, and the gas liberated therefrom is extracted as it is accumulated. The application of sonic energy can vary and in practice it is the exposure of fluid to ultrasonic vibration which is practiced, for example vibration frequencies in the range of 16 to 19.5 kilocycles per second, and in which case heat is generated and which is absorbed by a suitable cooling system. Discriminate application of this heat is advantageously employed in the fluid being treated. And fourthly, the said body of fluid separated from the complementary hydraulic system and liberated of dimensionally and infinitely smaller entrapments and absorbed gas is released into the coupled primary and complementary hydraulic systems to commingle therein and thereby reduce the gas saturation level therein. In practice, the subjection of sonic energy is discontinued and the vacuumization is necessarily discontinued during said fourth step, wherein the degased liquid is returned into and commingled with the fluid in the primary and complementary hydraulic systems. The entire process is preferably performed with the exclusion of surrounding atmospheric gases, the collection of gas from the complementary fluid system being extracted by virtue of the pressure operation, for example 70 p.s.i., in the primary hydraulic system; and the liberation of gas from the separated fluid body being extracted by virtue of and during the vacuumization and/ or by and during open communication with the pressurized hydraulic system.
In accordance with the invention the machine or apparatus involves, generally, the complementary hydraulic system Y and its filter section Z and liberating section Z. As above described, the primary hydraulic system X operates under pressure, 70 p.s.i. and includes outlet and inlet coupling connections 10 and 11. Although not shown, the system X is a complete unity in itself all as circumstances require, including circulation means etc. For example, the connections 10 and 11 are of the self-closing umbilical type, which permits quick connection and disconnection to the exclusion of the surrounding atmosphere. Therefore, the complementary hydraulic system Y includes inlet and outlet coupling connections 12 and 13 mateable with the connections 10 and 11 respectively, whereby an inlet line 14 extends from within and an outlet line 15 extends into the system X. As indicated, a pump 16 is provided for the circulation and processing of the fluid through the systems.
In accordance with the invention the correlated filter section Z and liberating section Z are embodied in tanklike structures that establish suitable processing chambers A and B respectively. In each instance, fluid circulation is continued through the chambers which are capable of withstanding positive and negative pressures as will be described. For example, subjection of the primary hydraulic system to positive or negative pressure and the subjec tion of the section Z to vacuumization, all as related to surrounding atmospheric pressure, is taken into consideration. Therefore, the sections Z and Z are characterized by pressure vessels 20 and 21, the filter section Z and its vessel 20 being series connected with lines .14 and 15 to receive fluid and its entrainments from the primary hydraulic system X and to deliver fluid less entrainments into the primary hydraulic system X; the liberating section Z and its vessel 21 being parallel connected to the system Y and preferably to line 14 in order to receive a batch of fluid and its entrainments for processing and subsequent return into the system Y (and system X) less entrainments.
Referring now to the filter section Z and its vessel 20, it is the larger entrainments that are sought to be collected and removed from circulation and to this end the chamber A of the vessel 20 is a coalescing chamber that advantagously employs a surface tension screen F. Essentially, the surface tension screen F is an ultra fine mesh partition through which all liquid must pass as it flows into and out of the chamber. In practice, the mesh or gradient of the surface tension screen F is such that liquid being proc essed will readily pass therethrough While entrainments such as foreign particles and particularly gas bubbles will not pass therethrough. Consequently, there is a coalescence of gas bubbles at and on the upstream side of the surface tension screen F and to the end that minute bubbles of gas merge with each other to form and establish increasingly larger gas bubbles which subsequently reach sizea'ble enough proportion relative to the viscosity of the fluid to rise according to the laws of displacement. Therefore in carrying out the invention, the surface tension screen F is disposed so that coalesced gases that accumulate thereon are permitted to separate and rise therefrom and collect in their upward rise. In this respect to disposition and upward rise, it is to be understood that the application of artificial gravity is contemplated in place of earths gravitational pull.
Referring now to the structure of the filter section Z and vessel 20, the chamber A is vertically disposed, with a head 22, a bottom 23 and an adjoining cylindrical side 24, all of which are imperforate for the establishment of chamber A. In order for accessibility the head 22 is connected by means of a flanged joint 25 to the side 24. The upper portion of chamber A is upstream and is supplied from inlet line 14, while the lower portion of chamber A is downstream and is exhausted into outlet line 15. Accordingly, the surface tension screen F is disposed across the chamber A and is preferably an inverted downwardly tapered truncated cone or cylinder of fine mesh metallic woven fabric, secured at its upper base periphery to the side 24 and reinforceably held in shape by a framework 26. The framework 26 is shown as a perforated cone that rigidly depends from the base of the screen F to the truncated bottom end 27 thereof. In practice, the base of the screen F is sealed with the side 24, thereby isolating an annulus 28 at the exterior of the screen and which is in open communication with the outlet line 15.
The inlet line 14 enters into open communication with the upper portion of chamber A, discharging therein at the exterior of a diffuser 29. The diffuser 29 is centrally located at the uppermost extremity of chamber A and comprises a tube 30 of substantially lesser cross section than that of vessel 20 and depending from the head 22, and further comprises a baffle 31 projecting radially from the tube and into close proximity to side 24. In practice, the perimeter of baffle 31 overlies the base perimeter of the surface tension screen F, so that the coalesced bubbles that rise are directed, as by funneling, into the tube 30. In order to maintain a separation of inlet fluid from the collection of gas within the tube 30 and to avoid collection of gas outside the diffuser, the tube 30 is perforated immediately adjacent the head 22, and the inlet line 14 opens at and onto the top exterior of the baffle 31 well below said perforation.
With the apparatus as thus far described the first and second steps of the method are carried out for the collection and elimination of dimensionally larger entrainments of gas. It is to be understood that the magnitude of the entrainment gas removed, the dimensional largeness, is dependent upon the fineness of the surface tension screen F; and it is to be recognized that there are dimensionally smaller and/ or absorbed entrainments of gas that will and do pass through the filter section Z. Consequently, filter section Z has for its purpose the removal of gas bubbles and prevention of discernably large entrainments passing through and into the primary hydraulic system X.
Referring now to the liberating section Z and its vessel 21, it is the dimensionally and infinitely smaller entrainments and absorbed gas that are sought to be collected and removed from circulation, and to this end the chamber B of the vessel 21 is a generating chamber that advantageously employs vacuumization and/ or sonic energy to generate gas from fluid therein. The vacuumization is applied by means of a typical vacuum pump 35 as indicated diagrammatically and the degree of vacuum can vary. However, the greater the vacuum the more eflicient is the gas generation, and consequently a sizeable and efficient pump 35 is employed. The sonic energy is applied by means of a transducer 36 energized by a high frequency generator 37 and electronic amplifier 38. The generator and amplifier 37-38 is commercially available, and it is ultrasonic energy that is particularly advantageous in liberating gas from fluid. In practicing this invention ultrasonic frequencies of from 16 to 19.5 kilocycles are utilized. Thus, there are two general forces for liberation of the gas within chamber B of the liberating section Z, vacuumization and sonic energy application and either or both of which are applied to the enhancement of the other. That is, both forces independently cause liberation of gas from fluid, but the application of both forces causes the rapid and efficient liberation of gas and including the liberation of the dimensionally and infinitely smaller and absorbed gas entrained in the fluid. Therefore, we will describe the invention as it includes both vacuumization and sonic energy application, and to the end that a most efficient gas generation is accomplished in the chamber B.
Briefly, the chamber B is essentially a closed chamber that is filled with fluid to be processed and in practice with a portion of the chamber reserved for the accumulation of gas generated therein, and which is related to the vibration applicating transducer 36 that transmits sonic energy into the fluid body contained therein. The minute and/or absorbed gas will literally boil out of the fluid solution and thereby form and establish a gas pocket at the portion of the chamber reserved therefor and leave substantially pure liquid within the chamber B.
With respect to the generation of gas within chamber B there is an upward rise of coalescing gas and in which case the vessel 21 is vertically disposed, with a head 32, a bottom 33 and an adjoining cylindrical side 34, all of which are imperforate for the establishment of chamber B. The upper portion of chamber B is upstream and is supplied from inlet line 14 while the lower portion of chamber B is downstream and is exhausted into the upstream portion of chamber A. It is to be understood that other connection arrangements can be made, however the connection shown places the chamber B in parallel with the flow in line 14 so that all fluid passes through the filter section Z, for the security of removing sizeable entrainments.
The inlet 14 has a branch 14 controlled by a valve 40 and which opens into the upper portion of chamber B, discharging therein at the exterior of a diffuser 41. The diffuser 41 is centrally located at the uppermost extremity of chamber B and comprises a tube 42 of substantially lesser cross section than that of vessel 21 and depending from the head 32, and a baffle 43 projecting radially therefrom and into close proximity to the side 34 so that the coalesced bubbles are directed, as by funneling, into the tube 42. In order to maintain a separation of inlet fluid from the collection of gas within the tube 42 and to avoid collection of gas outside the diffuser, the tube 42 is perforated immediately adjacent the head 32 and the inlet line 14' opens at and onto the baffle 43 well below said perforation.
The outlet from chamber B is through a branch line 15' controlled by a valve 45 and which opens into the line 14 downstream from the branch 14'. And, intermediate the branches 14 and 15' the line 14 is provided with a valve 46. As shown, the line 15 exhausts from the lowermost extremity of vessel 21, and the valves 40, 45 and 46 are manually and individually operable opening and closing valves. However, it is contemplated that the said valves can be simultaneously operable through a single lever system, or alternately combined together as a single valve unit that handles the three separate flow channels as indicated. By closing valves 40 and 45 and by opening valve 46, circulation parallels the chamber B in vessel 21 and passes only through the chamber A in vessel 20. Alternately, by closing valve 46 and by opening valves 40 and 45, circulation is through the chamber B in vessel 21 and continues through the chamber A in vessel 20.
The sonic energy unit of the apparatus involves the transducer 36 that is applied to the vessel 21 of the gas liberating section Z. In practice, the transducer 36 is mounted at the side 34 and disposed to focus and/ or direct Wave energy transversely of the vessel 21 and fluid within chamber B. The ultrasonic generator 37 and amplifier 38 can be remotely positioned as circumstances require and the operation of the transducer will generate some heat.
Since temperature range of the transducer is limited, and because of the expanse of the side area and/or full elevation to which sonic energy is to be applied, the transducer is immersed in a fluid coolant 50 which is jacketed so as to embrace 180 of side 34, and that is circulated and heat transferred therefrom as by a heat radiating exchanger 51. The coolant 50 provides the media for energy transfer to the side of the vessel 21 and which penetrates side 34 and through the fluid therein, and also provides the media for removing heat generated by operation of the transducer.
With the apparatus now fully described, the third and fourth steps of the method are carried out for the liberation and elimination of dimensionally smaller and absorbed entrainments of gas. The liberating system Z has for its purpose thebatch processing of a body of fluid that is diverted into chamber B and held separated from the primary hydraulic system X and filtering system section Z. The diversion and separation is accomplished by operation of the valves 40, 45 and 46 as above described, and to the end that a multiplicity of bodies of fluid are consecutively batch processed in the chamber B while fluid circulation continues in and through the filter chamber A and primary system X. A feature of the method and apparatus is the continuance of the filtering function during the batch processing which liberates gas to a low saturation level, for example to a 003% gas to liquid saturation. Another feature is the continued accumulation of gas in both chambers A and B, and from each of which gas is extractable from the systems at any time. As shown, the extraction of gas from chambers A and B is from the uppermost portions thereof, said portions being reserved for collection and extraction or exhaust of accumulated gas.
There are various ways in which to detect the presence of such gas bodies, such as use of liquid level sensing devices, and thereby determinably control the exhaust of gas, such as by maintaining a liquid level with a sensing device as suggested. However, a basic manual system is illustrated and wherein sight gages G and G are provided at sections Z and Z, in communication with the gas collecting tubes 30 and 42 respectively. In the embodiment shown, the head 22 of vessel 20 is integral with and common to the bottom 33 of vessel 21, in which case the tube 30 is extended vertically through the chamber 21 nd carries the gage G immediately above the head 32 and adjacent the gage G (substantially side by side) the latter gage being directly carried immediately above the head 32 by the tube 42. In any case, the sight gages G and G are in open communication with the gas collecting tubes 30 and 42 and to the end that the level of liquid or position of the gas to liquid interface is determinable. Therefore, as and when the gas accumulates to lower the liquid level it is possible to extract gas from the tops of the gages G and G. Therefore, valves 66 and 61 are provided at the upper extremity of each gage respectively for said gas extraction, whereby collected and liberated gases are eliminated from the systems X and Y. Further, when vacuumization is employed as is shown in the preferred form of the invention, and when the primary hydraulic system X is operated under the pressure indicated, it is our practice to provide a vacuum shut-off valve 62 for isolating the gage G and vacuum pump 35 from the systems X and Y while the chamber B is being charged and/ or evacuated with the liquid under said pressure. Also, said shut-off valve 62 is employed to charge the systems X and Y with complementary and/ or compatible liquid when and as circumstances require in order to maintain fullness with the liquid being processed.
Having described only a typical preferred form and application of our invention, we do not wish to be limited or restricted to the specific details herein set forth, but wish to reserve to ourselves any modifications or variations that may appear to those skilled in the arts Having described our invention, We claim:
1. The method of treating continuously circulating fluid having gas entrained therein and for the removal of said gas from liquid therein and including the steps, of stopping the flow of entrained gas bubbles by means of surface tension, of coalescing saidstopped gas bubbles into a first pocket of gas and collecting the same thereby lowering the gas saturation level in said circulating liquid, and of separating a body of fluid being treated out of circulation for batch processing comprising subjection of said body of fluid to vacuumization for the removal of entrained and absorbed gas by coalescing thereof into a second pocket of gas and collecting the same, thereby lowering the gas saturation level in said body of fluid to render it liquid, subsequently returning said body of liquid into circulation for commingling with the continuously circulating fluid being treated, and subsequently extracting gas from said first and second mentioned pockets thereof.
2. The method of treating fluid as set forth in claim 1 and including the step of exposure of said body of fluid to sonic energy for the removal of entrained and absorbed gas by coalescing thereof into the said second mentioned pocket of gas.
3. The method of treating fluid as set forth in claim 1 and including the step of exposure of said body of fluid to ultrasonic wave energy for the removal of entrained and absorbed gas by coalescing thereof into the said second mentioned pocket of gas.
4. The method of treating gas entrained continuously circulating fluid flowing through a closed primary hydraulic system and for the removal of said gas from liquid therein and including the steps, of coupling a closed complementary hydraulic system charged with compatible fluid to the first mentioned system in series with respect to circulation through the two systems, of stopping the flow of entrained gas bubbles in the complementary system by means of surface tension, of coalescing said stopped gas bubbles into a first pocket of gas in said complementary system and collecting the same thereby eliminating entrained gas and lowering the gas saturation level in said circulating liquid in the primary hydraulic system, and of separating a body of fluid out of the second mentioned complementary hydraulic system and out of circulation for batch processing comprising subjection of said body of fluid to vacuumization for the removal of entrained and absorbed gas by coalescing thereof into a second pocket of gas in said complementary system and collecting the same thereby lowering the gas saturation level in said body of fluid to render it liquid, subsequently returning said body of liquid into circulation for commingling with the continuously circulating fluid being treated, and subsequently extracting gas from said first and second mentioned pockets thereof.
5. The method of treating gas entrained fluid in a closed primary hydraulic system as set forth in claim 4 and including the step of exposure of said body of fluid to sonic energy for the removal of entrained and absorbed gas by coalescing thereof into the said second mentioned pocket of gas in said complementary system.
6. The method of treating gas entrained fluid in a closed primary hydraulic system as set forth in claim 4 and including the step of exposure of said body of fluid to ultrasonic wave energy for the removal of entrained and absorbed gas by coalescing thereof into the said second mentioned pocket of gas in said complementary system.
7. An apparatus for the treatment of gas entrained continuously circulating fluid flowing through a primary hydraulic system and for removal of said gas from liquid therein, and comprising a complementary hydraulic system to be charged with compatible fluid and for coupled circulatory engagement with the primary hydraulic system in series with respect to circulation through the two systems, and said complementary hydraulic system including a filter section vessel with an inlet from the primary system and an outlet to the primary system and having a surface tension screen intermediate the inlet and outlet stopping the flow of entrained gas in the form of bubbles to coalesce at the inlet side of the screen and having a gas collecting tube with a valve therein to be opened for extracting the accumulation of gas, and including a gas liberating section vessel with an inlet from the primary system and an outlet to the primary system, means separating fluid in the gas liberating section vessel from fluid in the primary section, there being a vacuum means opening into the vessel, and having a gas collecting tube surrounding the opening of the vacuum means and with a valve therein to be opened for extracting the accumulation of gas.
8. The apparatus for the treatment of gas entrained fluid as set forth in claim 7 and wherein a sonic force means exposes Wave energy into fluid in the gas liberating section vessel.
UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,147,677 2/1939 Smith 55-55X 2,363,247 11/1944 Holder 55--15X 3,273,313 9/1966 Livesey et a1. 55-55X REUBEN FRIEDMAN, Primary Examiner R. W. BURKS, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 55-43
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|EP1920810A2 *||Oct 30, 2007||May 14, 2008||United Technologies Corporation||Acoustic degassing heat exchanger|
|WO1988002276A1 *||Sep 23, 1987||Apr 7, 1988||Institut National Des Sciences Appliquees De Toulo||Gas/liquid exchange device and method|
|WO1988010143A1 *||Jun 9, 1988||Dec 29, 1988||Beckman Instruments, Inc.||Liquid degassing system|
|WO2002074406A1 *||Mar 14, 2001||Sep 26, 2002||Penjet Corporation||System and method for removing dissolved gas from a solution|
|U.S. Classification||95/30, 96/175, 96/193, 95/247|
|International Classification||F15B21/00, B01D19/00, F15B21/04|
|Cooperative Classification||F15B21/044, B01D19/0068, B01D19/0031, B01D19/0078|
|European Classification||B01D19/00F, B01D19/00S, B01D19/00V2, F15B21/04D|


text:
Herb + Mango Butter Bar
There's mango butter
There's rose butter
There's deliciousness in the palm of your hand
A creamy bar spring-ish - summer-ish herbal soap for your pleasure.
- Castor oil: Conditions
- Olive oil: nature's natural skin moisturizer
- Coconut oil: anti-bacterial and moisturizing powerhouse
- Mango butter: anti-aging, great for dry skin, eczema and dermatitis
- Aroma: Herbal and slightly spicy
- 4.5 - 5 oz in weight
- Arrives in a Kraft box
Olea europea (Organic Extra Virgin Olive) Oil, Distilled Water, Cocos nucifera (Organic Coconut) Oil, Ricinus communis (Organic Castor) Seed Oil, Cocos nucifera (Organic Coconut) Oil, Elaesis Guineesis (Organic Palm) Kernel Oil, Rosa damascena (Rose) Absolute, indica (Mango) Kernel Butter, Pogostemon Cablin (Patchouli) Essential Oil, Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Essential Oil, Origanum Vulgare (Oregano) Essential Oil, Ocimum Basilicum (Sweet Basil) Essential Oil, Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Essential Oil, Cinnamomum Zeylanicum (Cinnamon) Leaf Essential Oil
Skin Type/Concern: Dry Skin
Not for the face. If you are allergic to ragweed or the ingredients listed. If pregnant please see a doctor before use.
- Each soap may be brighter, shaped differently or duller than what is seen. This depends on the herbs used, the mould it was poured in, and the time of year made.

domain: beauty


text:
His Girl Friday
- App Store Info
His Girl Friday is a 1940 American screwball comedy film directed by Howard Hawks, an adaptation by Charles Lederer, Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur of the play The Front Page by Hecht and MacArthur. The change in this version is that the role of Hildy Johnson was converted from being male to female.
The film stars Cary Grant as Walter Burns and Rosalind Russell as Hildy Johnson and features Ralph Bellamy as Bruce Baldwin. It is noted for the rapid-fire pace of its dialogue.

domain: movie


text:
Rafael Medina was born on September 10, 1929 at Zia Pueblo NM. His Zia Pueblo name is, Tee-ya-cha-na. He was educated at Zia Day school, Zia Pueblo, Albuquerque Indian School and Santa Fe Indian School where he studied under Velino Herrera and Jose Rey Toledo. His paintings are traditional ceremonies, figures and scenes. He used water based paints, caseins which is a milk based paint and scratch boards (Tanner, pg. 158). According to Medina's son, Marcellus Medina, his father's style was flat and 2D like most Native American Indian artist that studied under Dorothy Dunn.
This painting is like a narrative where it tells a story and has insight into Zia Pueblo culture. The detail is fine and accurate with the lining of shadows that fall on the ground. Even though most artists of this time where mostly making 2D paintings this one is realistic. A amazing painting to add to your collection.
1. Tanner, Lee Clara. "Southwest Indian Painting" (1980) The University of Arizona Press.

domain: painting


text:
Which lab tests should I get? Should I test my hormones? These are common questions. It’s also a common recommendation from trainers and coaches… I don’t always agree with.
One question I ask first:
What are you going to do with it? (do you want to do HRT? Considering it? Or not? Knowing what you will do with results may determine the answer to this)
Then, what you think you know might need an update to 2023. Said respectfully! What we learned in the 80s is no longer applicable – to either the bodies we have now or to the science developments since then.
And… we know now that one woman’s healthy is potentially another’s poison.. The amyloid proteins in chicken may cause gut problems. The antinutrients in kale may not work for you. You may not have celiac disease or a full-blown allergy however could still have developed a food sensitivity to something you’ve eaten daily for a long time.
Can you test for food sensitivities? Yes, but they sometimes aren’t detected until they’re fairly bad so test your body with an elimination and reintroduction diet too.
So in this episode, I’ve got a load of information. I’d suggest gathering all the information about what is happening for you right now before you decide what step to take next.
We’re talking about a significant loss of weight for both and a lifestyle change. We’re not recommending it or suggesting it. This isn’t a persuasive argument. What it is about an hour that might open your mind to possibilities for you and your future? For how to start something when you may have decided it’s too late.
Smart Scale, measuring tape, CBG monitor, tracking devices
Walking, weight training, and Intermittent fasting, monitoring your protein, carb and fat intake may also be beneficial (that’s not macro counting, that’s the ability to look at a plate or a menu and control what you eat and when so you both have the pleasure of food and benefit from good health from it too).
Functional vs Western-Trained testing (root cause vs illness detection)
What to do with your Western-trained doc (inside our membership…
What to do with a functional doc (because you may HAVE to and because only they’ve been trained to interpret)
Complete Blood Panel
You’re gaining weight/tired* in spite of:
- Sleeping soundly and waking rested
- Increasing protein and keeping it steady throughout the day
- Eating adequate amounts of carbs, especially around exercise
- Exercising priorities: strength and low, HIIT if feeling good, and not endurance
- Recovery between exercises: you’re ready for a workout feeling strong and energized!
- You’re measuring body composition and its fat or inflammation gain not muscle
- Testing yourself with elimination, reintroduction, and following a plan from there
- Eliminating alcohol and reducing caffeine to 2 or less cups in am
- *hydrating by adding electrolytes
- *adding adaptogens
Subjective Test: Self-Assess 0-4
Focus & Concentration
Muscle tone & strength
All at a 3 or 4?
Lab Tests You May Want, When & Why:
Complete Blood Panel if not in last year
- Inflammatory markers: A1C, CRP
- Fasting Blood Glucose (still may not be conclusive)
- Antibodies (these can be a clue to Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis)
- Reverse T3
Not all Functional Docs need or favor Dutch (blood tests can also pinpoint for you)
- Estrogen (3)
Before You Ask About Lab Tests …
There are other tools besides the self-assessment of subjective measures you can do too.
I think it’s easy to turn over our power to a physician. Or possibly to do a lab test, get results and then maybe a pill, cream, patch or shot and think, that will do the heavy lifting. (Pun intended).
Yet, we really need to explore whether lab tests that result in a prescription of some type will do their job if we haven’t really explored the consistent habit changes.
And habit changes that come from different nutrition information than we may believe, different exercise habits than we’ve been led to believe are best, and prioritizing our sleep, and self care.
Sometimes though, the value is, we pay attention because we pay.
Yet, if you’ve done labs that are not the right labs providing the right insight, they may be leaving you wondering why you feel so bad when you’re doing the right thing.
Do the self-assessment I include here (we did this as a membership challenge recently and giving step-by-step actionable items once we help members prioritize what they most need)
Other Episodes You May Like:
Why You Can’t Lose Fat in Menopause: https://www.flippingfifty.com/lose-fat-in-menopause/
How an Intermittent Fasting Lifestyle and Eating Clean Work #505: https://www.flippingfifty.com/intermittent-fasting-lifestyle/
Midlife Weight Loss: Burn Body Fat, Balance Your Hormones: https://www.flippingfifty.com/midlife-weight-loss/
EASY, EFFORTLESS, PROTEIN: https://www.flippingfifty.com/protein – take 10% off by registering for Subscribe & Save, and don’t forget to order Fiber Boost. For regularity, and fullness, and satiety, there is NOTHING like combining protein and fiber.
Sunlighten Saunas: https://www.flippingfifty.com/sauna
My Favorite Self-Directed Labs: https://yourlabwork.com/Flipping-50 CODE: flipping50
Continuous Blood Glucose Monitor I’m loving: https://www.flippingfifty.com/myglucose

domain: health


text:
About the room
Who lives there
3 female, from 22 to 25 years old, mixed, non smokers
Very nice Room in a Great Location!!
Looking for another Female Roommate.
It's a Huge unit in a Very Nice Area.
The Unfurnished Room is a 7 Min Walk to the Red line T. It's in the Savin Hill area of the city, Great South Boston Alternative!
It's a Beautiful unit that's Bright and Spacious with Plenty of Natural Light, Gleaming Hardwood Floors, Huge Back Porches, Gas Heat, and a Washer & Dryer in the unit.
1 Stop to JFK/UMass Boston, Very Convenient to South Boston, South Station/Financial District, MGH, Easy access to Cambridge or anywhere accessible to the Red Line T, Minutes away from 93.
A few minutes to Malibu Beach!
Great Nearby Restaurants and Bars like, McKenna's for breakfast, Van Shabu for Sushi, DBar and the Harp & Bard for dinner and drinks, and Savin Scoop for Ice Cream among others, all within walking distance.
Looking for Good/Clean Tenants
Listing ID: H16041019920870
Posted on 7 December 2018

domain: geography


text:
Browsing by Subject "Water and soil erosion"
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
Impacts of different forest watershed composition factors on soil condition in upstream of Miyun Reservoir Watershed, nothern China and its current situation (2020)This thesis explores the Miyun Reservoir Watershed’s soil condition and the current situation it faces now. Miyun Reservoir is located in northern Beijing and has more than sixty years of history. It is the primary water ...


text:
Did you know that as much as 94% of the electrical energy used by an industrial air compressor is converted into heat and then lost through radiation in the compression process. The remaining 6% is converted into compressed air heat losses.
A properly designed HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM can recover anywhere from 50-94% of this available thermal energy as low-grade heat, to heat air or water up to 90°C or 140°F
ASK AN EXPERT
Need technical information on Energy Recovery or need some advice on what Energy Recovery to use? Please ask our experts today.
GET IN TOUCH


text:
Srinagar, Feb 16: Chairperson of Waqf Board, Darakshan Andrabi on Thursday said that at least 5000 notified properties are presently missing and that the process has been started to locate these possessions while the illegal occupants have also been directed to pay rent or vacate the assets within 15 days.
Andrabi said that the revenue records of 5000 notified Waqf properties are available, but the possessions are missing. “The revenue records of missing properties are available and Waqf is not having the control on such properties. We have already started a process to locate the belongings,” she said.
She further stated that presently, there are 30 per cent illegal occupants in the Waqf properties. “We have asked the illegal occupants to either pay the rent as per the revised rates or vacate the properties within 15 days,” she said.
Chairperson, Waqf Board also said that people are quite cooperative and it is expected that they will positively come forward to resolve the issue. “We also don’t want to go tough against anyone. We don’t want to affect anyone’s livelihood, but the people must cooperate,” she said.
Furthermore, she said that the process has been going on for the geo-tagging of the Waqf properties.


text:
Alibaba gave investors a closer look at the scale and growth of the Chinese e-commerce juggernaut in an initial public offering prospectus filed on Tuesday, the first step in what could be the largest technology debut in history.
Alibaba Group Holding Ltd, which powers 80 percent of all online commerce conducted in the world's second-largest economy, is expected to raise more than $15 billion, potentially surpassing the $16 billion that Facebook Inc raised when it went public in 2012.
While the Alibaba brand name is hardly as well known among U.S. consumers as Internet companies Amazon.com or Facebook, the Chinese company's IPO has stirred the most excitement in Silicon Valley and Wall Street since Facebook's record-breaking IPO.
It will become the largest Chinese corporation to have sought a home on U.S. exchanges.
Alibaba will debut in a market where high-flying stocks like Twitter and Amazon have in past weeks been brought back to earth, in a selloff that has divided Wall Street while reviving doubts about soaring tech valuations.
Still, estimates of Alibaba's market value have soared in recent months, to even beyond $200 billion. That underscores Wall Street's eagerness to take a crack at a massive Chinese company that is growing vigorously.
Alibaba handled more than 1.5 trillion yuan, or about $248 billion, of transactions for 231 million active users across its three main Chinese online marketplaces in 2013, more than Amazon Inc and eBay Inc combined. That is with 20,884 full-time workers, fewer than eBay.
"If it is able to transport that kind of power to outside China, it has the potential to become a true global ecommerce powerhouse," said Roger Entner, lead analyst and founder of Recon Analytics.
"Everybody thought Amazon could do it but now we have to rethink Amazon in the light of being the most successful company in that field in the U.S. - but not in the world."
Alibaba did not provide any hints in its prospectus about potential plans for the U.S. e-commerce market. Analysts said it was unlikely that Alibaba would adopt the model favored by Amazon, which sells goods directly to consumers using a sprawling network of warehouses.
At least 102 years
Alibaba, founded 15 years ago in a Hangzhou apartment and controlled by a 28-member partnership, boasts of building a company that will last "at least 102 years."
After the IPO, Alibaba said, the partnership will have the exclusive right to nominate a simple majority of the members of its board of directors.
Alibaba operates an online messaging service as well as a cloud computing business, but more than 80 percent of its revenue comes from its three main online marketplaces: Taobao, Tmall and Juhuasuan.
Top items sold on Taobao include prepaid phone and game cards as well as lottery tickets, home furniture and baby products, the company said.
Some analysts point out that Alibaba's rapid pace of revenue growth may be unsustainable.
"They got into the e-commerce space when there weren't any other players in China," said Forrester analyst Kelland Willis, adding that Alibaba has been "losing market share year over year."
By 2020, online retail sales in China will reach between $420 billion and $650 billion, as much as the United States, Japanese, UK, German and French markets combined, according to a recent analysis by McKinsey Global Institute.
Alibaba said the Chinese mobile Internet arena, where it is battling Tencent Holdings for supremacy, is the next growth industry.
Roughly one-fifth of all purchases in the last three months of 2013 were made on a mobile device, up from 7.4 percent a year earlier. But Alibaba added that for now these sales were less profitable than those made on its website.
Some analysts have pointed to a less-than-transparent decision-making process after Alibaba spinned off fast-growing Alipay in 2010. That move came as a surprise to major shareholders Yahoo Inc and Softbank Corp
Alibaba's prospectus also laid out a raft of regulatory risks it faces at home. The company stressed that the government could impose additional restrictions on the use of Alipay, the payment service that powers the majority of its online transactions.
Who owns what?
Unlike many prominent U.S. technology IPOs of recent years, Alibaba's list of significant shareholders is short. By contrast, Facebook and Twitter each broke out shareholdings from more than a half dozen individual principal shareholders.
Former English schoolteacher and co-founder Jack Ma owns 8.9 percent of Alibaba. Yahoo and Softbank, respectively, own 22.6 percent and 34.4 percent of the company on a fully diluted basis.
The $1 billion proposed IPO size in Tuesday's filing is an estimate for the purpose of calculating exchange registration fees. Alibaba said on Tuesday it is still deciding whether to list on the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq.
Alibaba estimated that its fair per-share value could reach $50.
This was calculated to determine employee compensation and does not represent the per-share price Alibaba could offer in an IPO.
At that price, Yahoo's stake in the company is worth $26.2 billion while Softbank's holding is worth almost $40 billion.
Yahoo and Softbank may be among the biggest beneficiaries of Alibaba's IPO, but neither will exercise much control of the Chinese company despite their shareholdings.
Yahoo must sell roughly 40 percent of its Alibaba stake in the IPO, or sell the shares back to Alibaba directly prior to the IPO, further diluting its holding.
And under an agreement struck with those two major shareholders, Yahoo Chief Development Officer Jacqueline Reses will resign from the board upon Alibaba's listing, while Softbank will have the right to nominate just one director to a new, nine-member board.
© Thomson Reuters 2014

domain: finance


text:
As of Monday, at least 3,246 members of the U.S. military have died since the beginning of the Iraq war in March 2003, according to an Associated Press count.
Baghdad, Iraq Trucks carrying government flour rations usually present a welcome sight for residents of Iraqi cities outside the capital.
That's changing. For the third time in a week, a suicide truck bomber used a load of flour to hide his bomb. The latest attacker slammed into a police station in a Kurdish neighborhood in the disputed northern city of Kirkuk, killing at least 15 people, including a baby girl and a U.S. soldier. Nearly 200 other people were wounded, including several girls walking home from school.
Monday's bombing was seen as a possible prelude to far greater violence to this oil-rich city 180 miles north of the capital. It came just days after the government adopted a plan to relocate thousands of Arabs who were moved to Kirkuk decades ago in Saddam Hussein's campaign to displace the Kurds.
Doctors worked in a scene of bloody pandemonium as wounded were brought to the emergency room. There was barely room to move. Many of those being treated appeared to be either very young children or schoolgirls, many crying with blood spattered on their clothes. Several badly mutilated dead bodies filled the back of a police pickup truck as a U.S. helicopter flew overhead.
Sarah Samad, 13, said she had just finished taking an exam and was near the school gate at the time of the explosion.
"The gate fell on my leg and broke it," she said from her hospital bed.
Bombings elsewhere in Iraq killed at least 12 people and wounded more than 40, and police found the bodies of at least 35 victims of sectarian killings. The 21 bodies discovered in Baqouba, about 50 miles north of the capital, were believed to have been Shiite workers grabbed from three minibuses stopped at illegal Sunni insurgent checkpoints near the violent city. Baghdad police said they found 14 corpses, most tortured and killed execution style; all were thought to be victims of Shiite death squads.
The government plan to move Arabs - both Shiite and Sunni Muslims - out of Kirkuk was a victory for the Kurds, who have 58 seats in the 275-member Iraqi parliament and are closely aligned with the ruling Shiites. Thousands of Kurds have returned to Kirkuk after being forced out by Saddam, who accused them of siding with Iran in the eight-year Iran-Iraq war in the 1980s.
But many Arab politicians have rejected the plan, saying it would facilitate attempts by non-Arab Kurds to absorb the city and its surrounding oil riches into the ethnic group's semiautonomous region in the northeast of Iraq. The strongest opposition has come from Sunnis, who are dominant in regions that lack oil reserves and fear the Kurds won't share oil revenues.
Turkey, which has been fighting a Kurdish insurgency for decades, also has warned Iraq against such a move.
Monday's blast bore the hallmarks of a series of al-Qaida suicide bombings aimed at further provoking sectarian tension and fighting. It followed three suicide bombings last week by suspected al-Qaida fighters. More than 600 people died in sectarian attacks in Iraq last week alone.
The U.S. military reported late Monday that a U.S. soldier was killed by a vehicle-bomb in Kirkuk. There were no other reported car or truck bombings in the city Monday. Two other U.S. soldiers were reported killed Monday in Anbar province, west of Baghdad.
Videotape by an Associated Press cameraman at the scene in Kirkuk showed at least four wounded U.S. soldiers and one badly damaged American Humvee. The soldiers were being treated by Army medics, with one seated while having gauze bandages wound around his bloodied head.
Another soldier, whose nose was bleeding, was standing and waving directions at others. A third soldier was carried away on a stretcher, and the fourth was being treated on the ground with his feet elevated against shock.
U.S. troops had been visiting an Iraqi criminal investigations unit at the Rahim Awa compound in a predominantly Kurdish neighborhood in north Kirkuk, city officials said.
The attacker rammed the truck into the concrete blast barriers protecting the back of the compound at about 11:30 a.m., Kirkuk police spokesman Brig. Gen. Sarhat Qadir said.
School near blast site
Qadir said many of a group of 20 children walking home from a nearby school were among the 187 wounded in the truck bombing.
Shireen Kareem, 32, said her children were inside the school and were not injured.
"I was horrified and frightened," she said. "I ran to the school like mad and they were lucky that they were still in school when the explosion took place."
The force of the blast also wrecked four structures in the area, including a municipal building. One of the 15 killed was a newborn girl, Qadir said.
The ancient city of Kirkuk has a large minority of ethnic Turks as well as Christians, Shiite and Sunni Arabs, Armenians and Assyrians. The city is just south of the Kurdish autonomous zone stretching across three provinces of northeastern Iraq.
Iraq's constitution sets an end-of-the-year deadline for a referendum on the status of Kirkuk, where Kurds now are believed a majority of the population. That means a referendum on attaching the city to the Kurdish autonomous zone would pass easily.

domain: news


text:
"Inhabited structure" means a structure or vehicle [where any person lives or carries on business or other calling] [where people assemble for purposes of business, government, education, religion, entertainment, or public transportation] [which is used for overnight accommodation of persons].
Any structure or vehicle is deemed to be "inhabited" regardless of whether a person is actually present. If a building or structure is divided into separately inhabited units, any unit that is property of another person constitutes an inhabited structure of that person.
Property is that "of another person" if anyone other than the actor has a possessory or proprietary interest in it.
“Vital public facility" includes a facility maintained for use as a bridge (whether over land or water), dam, tunnel, wharf, communications installation, or power station.

domain: law