|Publication number||US8000319 B2|
|Application number||US 12/688,453|
|Publication date||Aug 16, 2011|
|Filing date||Jan 15, 2010|
|Priority date||Jun 14, 2002|
|Also published as||EP1372302A2, EP1372302A3, US7701926, US20040047342, US20100110938|
|Publication number||12688453, 688453, US 8000319 B2, US 8000319B2, US-B2-8000319, US8000319 B2, US8000319B2|
|Inventors||Sigi Gavish, Roni Even|
|Original Assignee||Polycom, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (83), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (4), Classifications (29), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/462,118, filed Jun. 13, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,701,926 which is incorporated by reference in its entirety, and to which priority is claimed. This application also claims the benefit of, and hereby incorporates by reference, the U.S. Provisional Patent applications Ser. No. 60/388,728, filed 14 Jun. 2002 and Ser. No. 60/396,437 filed 16 Jul. 2002. In addition, the following patents are incorporated herein by reference: (1) U.S. Pat. No. 7,174,365 issued 6 Feb. 2007; (2) U.S. Pat. No. 7,085,243 issued 1 Aug. 2006; and (3) U.S. Pat. No. 7,113,992 issued 26, Sep. 2006.
The invention relates generally to multimedia conferencing systems and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to techniques (systems and methods) for controlling multimedia communication systems from a central control point using Internet Protocol (IP) trunking.
In the current market, most multipoint audio and/or multimedia calls are scheduled in advance through companies that own Multipoint Control Units (MCUs) or Audio Bridges. An MCU provides the capability for three or more terminals to participate in a multipoint audio and/or multimedia conference. An Audio Bridge provides the capability for three or more terminals to participate in a multipoint audio conference. The paragraphs that follow may also use the term “MCU” to refer to an audio bridge used for multipoint audio conferences; therefore, in the description words such as MCU and Audio Bridge may have the same meaning. A terminal is an end-point on a network, capable of real-time, two-way audio, data and/or visual communication with other terminals or an MCU. The information communicated between the terminals and/or the MCU includes control signals, indicators, audio moving color video pictures and/or data. A terminal may provide speech only, speech and data, speech and video, or speech, data and video. A more thorough definition of a terminal can be found in the International Telecommunication Union (“ITU”) standards, such as but not limited to: H.320, H.321, H.324 and H.323. The ITU is the United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the ITU. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating, and tariff questions and issuing recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. Additional information regarding the ITU can be found at the website address of http://www.ITU.int. Other protocols that may be used over an IP network include the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). More information about SIP may be found at the website http://www.IETF.org.
If a company owns more than one MCU or more than one audio bridge, it has more flexibility in hosting conferences. However, each MCU must be operated independently from the other MCUs in setting up and controlling conferences. Additionally, the capacity of each MCU is limited to conferences controlled by that MCU. The resources of the multiple MCUs cannot easily be combined to promote more efficient scheduling.
Traditionally, customers wishing to use a multipoint audio and/or multimedia conferencing service must reserve their conferences in advance. The customer must provide several parameters to complete such a reservation, including the number and types of terminals, line-speed, type of audio algorithm, start-time, end-time, video algorithm, type of network, along with other pertinent parameters. Providing these parameters presents a problem to both conference participants and service providers due to the fact that acquiring this information is difficult and providing this information makes the process of setting up or initiating a conference tedious and inconvenient. In addition, the customer must provide this information well in advance of the actual conference to reserve time and resources, and to allow adequate time to process the information and incorporate it into the conference set-up.
Furthermore, participants in an audio and/or multimedia conference may be spread all over the world and each may be using the services of a different Local Service Provider (LSP). Each LSP receives a part of the profit garnered by the multimedia service provider. Therefore, the service providers of audio and/or multimedia conferences find it desirable to use low cost trunking IP trunking is often the least expensive communications trunking technology and therefore the service providers would ideally prefer using it. Also needed by audio and/or multimedia service providers is the ability to offer a single dial-in number for conference services, which is referred to as Single-Dial Conference Service Number (SDCSN). A SDCSN may be a regional or local number and may be different for users in different locations.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a multipoint communication system. The multipoint communication system includes at least two media control units for sending and receiving multipoint communication signals between a plurality of end-points, a media gateway for translating non-Internet media communication signals to Internet protocol communication signals, and a controller for establishing and controlling a multipoint communication session between end-points communicatively coupled to the media control units and media gateway, wherein communication between the media gateway, the media control units and the controller use Internet protocol communication signals.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a multimedia gateway for use in a multipoint communication system. The multimedia gateway includes a translator to convert non-Internet protocol signals from a first (non-Internet) end-point device to Internet protocol signals, and an interactive voice response unit adapted to interface with the first end-point device when that device is attempting to establish a communication session with the multipoint communication system.
In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a method for conducting a multipoint media conference between a plurality of end-points, wherein at least one of the plurality of end-points is a non-Internet protocol network end-point. The method includes providing at least two media control units adapted to send and receive multimedia communication signals, where the media control units are adapted to communicate over an Internet network. The method also includes providing a media gateway communicatively coupled to each of the media control units through the Internet protocol network, where the media gateway is also adapted to translate non-Internet media communication protocol signals from at least one non-Internet protocol network end-point to Internet media communication protocol signals. The method further includes receiving (at the media gateway) a single-dial conference service number call from the at least one non-Internet protocol network end-point, establishing a multipoint media conferencing session in response to the act of receiving, and routing the translated non-Internet media communication protocol signals from the non-Internet protocol network end-point to at least one of the media control units over the Internet protocol network.
Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described. For convenience, only some elements of the same group may be labeled with numerals.
An exemplary Decomposed architecture may use H.248 as the communication protocol between the MC 110 and the MP 140 a-m and between the MC 110 and the MGW 150. The H.248 protocol refers to resources as “terminations” and to a communication session such as a conference, for example, as a context. Other Decomposed architectures may use Vendor Specific MP supporting protocols for the communication between the MC 110 and the MP 140 and Vendor Specific MGW supporting protocols for the communication between the MC 110 and the MGW 150. Such embodiments may use the term “session” for a communication session. In course of the following description, therefore, terms such as H.248 protocol and Vendor Specific Protocol may have the same meaning. In addition, resources and termination may have the same meaning and context and session may also have the same meaning. Additional information regarding the H.248 protocol can be found by referring to the ITU and/or IETF web sites.
In other exemplary embodiments one of the MPs 140 is selected as the default destination for all incoming calls of the Single-Dial Conference Service Number (SDCSN) and RRU 170 is configured to route those calls to the Default MP (DMP). The Default MP runs an IVR session with the user and communicates with GCC 110 for instructions on how to proceed. The user may respond to this session by using the DTMF functionality of his terminal. From time to time GCC 110 may select another MP 140 as the Default MP (DMP) and will update the appropriate RRU 170.
The communication among GCC 110, MPs 140, MGW 150, IP MM EP 180, IP phones 175 and RRU 170 is done over an IP Network (IPN) 120. IPN 120 may be the Internet, an intranet, LAN or similar technology. In some cases the IPN 120 may be a combination of several IP networks. For example, some of the IP Phones 175 and some of the IP MM EP 180 may be connected directly to the Internet, others may be connected to a corporate intranet and that intranet may be connected to the Internet through a router, a firewall, or other apparatus. The MGWs 150 and the MPs 140 may be located far from the GCC 110, and generally may be located at a local service provider's POP (Point of Presence) for reducing communication expenses and latency when communicating with the GCC 110 over IPN 120.
In the exemplary system 100 the DMCU supports connections with various types of multimedia terminals including, but not limited to, H.321, H.324 and H.320 terminals 165 as well as telephones (analog, digital or cellular) 160. Those terminals are connected to Switched Circuit Networks (SCN) 130 such as, but not limited to, PSTN, ISDN, ATM, etc. The exemplary system 100 also supports H.323, SIP Multimedia terminals 180 and IP Phones 175 that are connected to IP network 120. IP phones may use signaling protocols such as, but not limited to SIP, H.323 or vendor specific protocols. The connections to the terminals are illustrated as network clouds (120 and 130).
Each one of connection clouds 130 is connected to one or more than one MGW 150 and/or MPs 140, which are connected to the clouds via lines 134 and 132 using protocols like H.320, H.321, H.324 and PSTN, according to the type of the end-point and the network. IP terminals 175 and 180 communicate with GCC 110 via RRU 170 using virtual signaling lines 126 and communicate with the MPs 140 via virtual media line 122. An MP 140 may communicate with other MPs, IP terminals 175 and 180 and MGWs 150 via virtual media line 122. Moreover, an MP 140 communicates with the GCC 110 via media control and signaling lines 124. A MGW 150 may communicate with MPs 140 via virtual media line 122 and with the GCC 110 via media control and signaling lines 124.
Control and signaling lines 124 may use standards protocols like H.248 protocol or vendor specific protocols. Virtual signaling lines 126 may use components of H.323 (H.225, H.245), SIP, or vendor specific protocols depending on the type of the end-point. Virtual media lines 122 may use Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP).
By way of example and for convenience of presentation, MP 140 a has been selected as the conference builder of an exemplary conference. MP 140 a may be a different MP than the DMP.
In other exemplary embodiments, one of the MCUs and/or Audio bridge (AB/MCU) 240 may be selected as the default destination for all incoming calls of the SDCSN. RRU 170 is configured to route incoming calls to the selected AB/MCU. This AB/MCU runs an IVR session with the user, and in communication with GCC 210 the AB/MCU instructs the user how to proceed. From time to time GCC 210 may select another AB/MCU 240 to be the Default AB/MCU and updates the appropriate RRU 170.
Communication among the GCC 210, GWs 250 and AB/MCU 240, IP MM EP 180, IP phones 175, and RRU 170 is done over IP Network (IPN) 120. Some of the GWs 250 and some of the AB/MCU 240 may be located far from GCC 210, close to a local service provider's POP (Point of Presence) for reducing communication expenses. Those units communicate using the IPN 120 with GCC 210 and other MCUs.
An AB/MCU 240 may communicate with other AB/MCUs, IP terminals 175 and 180 and GWs 250 via virtual media lines 122. For control, AB/MCU 240 communicates with the GCC 210 via IP connection 224 and for signaling with RRU 170 via virtual signaling lines 226. Virtual signaling lines 226 may use H.323, SIP, RAS or Vendor Specific Protocols, or another appropriate protocols. A GW 250 may communicate with AB/MCUs 240 via virtual media line 122. For control, GW 250 communicates with GCC 210 via IP connection 224, and for signaling GW 250 communicates with RRU 170 via virtual signaling lines 126. Control lines 224 may use a proprietary communication protocol over IP. Signaling virtual lines 126 may use components of H.323 (H.225, H.245) or SIP, depending on the type of the end-point. Virtual media lines 122 use Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP).
By way of example and for convenience of presentation AB/MCU 240 a has been selected as the conference builder of an exemplary conference. AB/MCU 240 a may be a different MCU than the Default MCU.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the MC 400 includes several modules that are controlled by an MC Management Module (MMM) 430. The MC may include modules such as, but not limited to, H.323 Stack 425, SIP Module and stack 445, Conference Management Module (CMM) 435, H.248 supporting MP protocol Module 440, and H.248 supporting MGW protocol 442. The CMM 435 may be a part of the MC or it can be an external module that resides in an external general computer system. Other exemplary embodiments may use a Vendor Specific Protocol to communicate with the MP or MGW instead of a standard protocol such as H.248.
In the exemplary embodiment of
Users 160 and 165 (not shown in
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, one of the MPs 140 is selected as the default MP (DMP) for any new call to the Single-Dial Conference Service Number (SDCSN). The RRU 170 is configured to route any packets with the destination of the single dial-in number to the DMP. MC 400, from time to time, may select another MP as the default MP. In this exemplary embodiment, only the DMP runs the IVR session with a user that dials the SDCSN. In this embodiment, users 160 or 165 communicate with MC 400 via the MP 140 or via MGW 150. In communication with end-points that use protocols such as H.320, H.321, H.324, etc., the MP 140 and/or MGW 150 multiplexes and/or demulitplexes the signaling and control components to/from a multiplexed stream and translates them into control and signaling components of H.323 (H.225, H.245 and RAS) or SIP and sends them over IPN 120 to GCC 110. GCC 110 starts the IVR session on the DMP and connects the media from the MGW 150 or MP 140 to the DMP. The DMP uses RTP for transporting the vocal messages over IPN 120 to the appropriate MGW or MP. The MGW or MP multiplexes the different type of packets into one stream, according to the conference protocol that is used by the end-point. The MGW or the MP transfers the converted signals over SCN 130 to the appropriate users. More information about the IVR session is described below in conjunction with
The MMM 430 manages the resources (terminations) of the different MPs 140 and MGWs 150 that are controlled by the MC 400 and the events that occur. The MMM 430 may use an internal or external CMM 435. CMM 435 comprises a plurality of multimedia conferencing management tools such as, but not limited to, a conference reservation manager, a conference manager, a reports manager, a system administrator tool, and databases.
CMM 435 may be connected to the external world via an IP connection 450. The external connection 450 enables management communication with customers, or vendors, where the communication may include but is not limited to information regarding to conference reservations, requests for reports, etc. The CMM 435 is the interface between the customer and the MC 400 and it manages the conference reservations, reports, and similar tasks while the MMM 430 controls the ongoing conferences (contexts).
A Conferences Reservation Manager (not shown in the drawings) accepts requests for multimedia session reservations via IP connection 450 and uses the reservation parameters to verify that a reservation can be accepted. The reservation parameters can be parameters like but not limited to the number and types of terminals, line-speed, type of audio algorithm, start-time, end-time, video algorithm, type of network, and any other pertinent parameter. The Conferences Reservation Manager then stores the reservation record in the database. If the session has to start immediately, the Conferences Reservation Manager passes the information to the MMM 430. The Conference Manager 435 starts a reserved session when the session's time to start arrives. The Conferences Manager loads the session onto the target MP, to which the session has been assigned, via the MMM 430 and H.248 module 440 and gets status information from all of the MPs concerning ongoing sessions. MMM 430 also updates RRU 170 via SIP Module 445 or via H.323 Modules 425 with the routing instructions for incoming calls of the reserved conference.
The Reporting Manager (not shown in the drawings) builds reports. The reports may include, but are not limited to, the length of time resources were used, which resources were used for a specific session, and the percentage of resources used during a specified time period. The reports are built upon the receipt of a report request from the site operator via IP connection 450.
The System Administrator (not shown in the drawings) serves as an input tool for the MC parameters. MC parameters may include, but are not limited to, the maximum number of MPs 140 and MGW 150 controlled by the MC 400.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the databases include databases for reservations, users, and any other data required for the operation of the MC 400. A database can be an external database including, but not limited to, a database using LDAP or ILS.
The MMM 430 keeps information concerning the terminations of the MPs 140 and MGW 150, i.e., audio terminations, video terminations, etc. When the MMM 430 gets a request to initiate a conference from CMM 435, it allocates the appropriate terminations to a context that represents the requested conference. An exemplary method for different types of conferences and contexts are described below in conjunction with
A termination is a logical entity on a MP that sources and/or sinks media and/or control streams. Terminations have unique identities (TerminationlDs), assigned by the MP Management Module at the time of their creation. The following are a few examples of terminations: H.221 MUX/DEMUX; ISDN ports; Audio mixers; IVR; etc.
The MMM 430, based on the available terminations of an MP, also calculates terminations availability for future context reservations. MMM 430 may receive messages, such as call start, call terminate, etc., from the MPs 140 and MGWs 150 and stores the messages in a database. The MMM 430, based on the signaling and control signals that it receives from the various terminals via RRU 170 and/or MGWs 150 and/or MPs 140 via H.323 Stack 425 and/or H.248 Module 440 and/or SIP module 445. MMM 430, in cooperation with CMM 435 provides for capability negotiation with all terminals to achieve at least one common level of communication. MMM 430 selects the DMP that runs the IVR session with the user(s) that dial the SDCSN. MMM 430 updates the RRU 170 with the appropriate routing instructions. MMM 430 may also control conference resources and may start and terminate the call signaling and control. The MMM 430 decides which MP 140 will handle a context (conference) and the terminations in said MP that will be used in said context. At the end of a conference, the MMM 430 will manage the termination of the streams in the context. The MMM 430 may manage the streams inside the context according to the current status of the conference.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a functional MP 140 includes several modules such as, but not limited to: a plurality of Switched Packet Network Interfaces (SPNI) 543 to communicate with end-points that are using SIP or H.323 protocols; H.248 Module 547 and a Vendor Specific Protocol Module 545 to communicate with MC 400; an SCN Interface 550; a plurality of active contexts 510 and a Bank of Available Terminations (BOAT) 560. An MP Management Module (MPMM) 530 controls those modules. The BOAT 560 comprises several groups of terminations. Exemplary types of terminations, 561 to 567, are shown in
A context is an association between terminations. A Context can describe the topology (who hears/sees whom) and the media mixing and/or switching parameters if more than two terminations are involved in the association/context. There is a special context called the null context. The null context contains terminations that are not associated to any other termination, BOAT 560 represents the null context in
Although three active contexts 510, three SCN Interfaces 550, three Switched Packet Network Interface (SPNI) Modules 543 and three terminations in a group, 561 to 567, at BOAT 560 are illustrated, the present invention is not limited to a particular number and the presented configuration is intended to be illustrative of an exemplary configuration.
Some of the units and terminations that compose the MP 140 are units that exist in a typical MCU, for instance a Polycom MGC 100. Some unique modules of an MP 140 are MPMM 530, H.248 Module 547, and vendor specific protocol module 545. The MP 140 may be a physical unit or a software adaptation of a conventional MCU. The MP 140 may be also a software program running on a general computer. The MP 140 gets and transmits operational control to and from the MC 400 via H.248 Module 547. Media communication with the users is done directly through the appropriate context 510.
Although call set-up, call control, call signaling and call management are done by the MC 400, the MP 140 can tunnel them between the SCN 130 or the Packet Switch Network 120 users and the MC 400. The MP 140 includes a plurality of SCN Interface Modules 550. Each Module 550 accepts a SCN dial-in number. When an SCN Interface is involved in a current context, its SCN Interface Module 550 becomes a termination in the appropriate active context 1→n 510.
An RTP Termination 561 handles the different media packet streams it receives from the SPNI 543 and separates them to four different streams as instructed by the MC. The four different streams are: (1) control information which, if received in the MP 140, is transferred to the MC 400 via H.248 module 547; (2) data that is transferred to data terminations (DT) 566; (3) video that is transferred to video mix terminations (VMT) 565; and (4) audio that is transferred to audio mix terminations (AMT) 564. In the outgoing direction, an RTP Termination 561 receives the streams from the DT 566, VMT 565, and AMT 564, and sends them to the remote terminal. Stream synchronization like lip-synch can be done in the RTP 561 or in a VMT 565 and AMT 564 according to MC 400 commands.
Bonding terminations 562 handle the bonding of ‘N’ ISDN 64 kbit channels to one call. More information about bonding can be found in standard ISO/IEC 13871 at the ISO website, http://www.iso.ch.
H.221 MUX terminations 563 handles the multiplexing and demultiplexing of the H.221 stream. A H.221 MUX termination receives the bit rate of the call, the structure of the H.221 stream and demultiplexes the stream to audio, video, data and control streams. The control information is transferred to MPMM 530 that may use part of the information and transfer the information, which is required by the MC 400, to H.248 Module 547.
Media processing terminations of an exemplary MP 140 include AMT 564; VMT 565 and DT 566. AMTs 564 handle audio mixing, accepting and mixing audio streams from all participants associated with a given context. The mixing options may be based on different criteria. For example, the N loudest speakers or N specific streams, etc.
VMTs 565 may be one of four types, not shown in the drawing:
In cases where the conference includes data, the DTs 566 process the data protocols like T.120 etc. and transfers back the processed data.
IVR Terminations 567 handle the conversion of digital messages to vocal messages that are transferred to the user who dialed the SDCSN. An IVR Termination 567 may prompt the user to define his needs by requesting that he choose from a given set of options by pressing a specified sequence on a touch-tone telephone that generates Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) tones, which may then be analyzed. The IVR termination may be used in a WCC.
The composition of a termination unit may be similar to, but is not limited to, AMTs 564; VMTs 565; DTs 566; H.221 MUX terminations 563 and/or RTP terminations 561. A RTP termination 561 may be a modified physical unit which belongs to a common MCU or a common audio bridge, with some modifications. The modifications may include the mapping of the physical unit into logical terminations.
As shown in
MGW Management Module 530 b is similar to MPMM 530, but typically has fewer capabilities. MGW Management Module 530 b may only handle the transcoding context 510 b between two participants where one is located on IPN 120 and the other is located on SCN 130. Transcoding contexts 1→n 510 b may be limited to transcoding only and are described in detail in conjunction with
In some embodiments, the IVR termination 567 is required to conduct the conversion of the digital messages to vocal messages that are transferred to the user who has dialed the SDCSN, prompting him to define his needs by using, for example, DTMF and thereafter getting and analyzing his response. The IVR termination 567 may be used in a WCC during the set-up step. However, in another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, which uses the Default MP (DMP) configuration, there is no need to have an IVR termination and WCC in the MGW.
There are several levels of control in managing Multimedia Multipoint Conferences that can be divided between MC 400 and MP 140 or MGW 150 (
Based on the above, MC 400 requests MP 140 to create a context. The MP 140, through MPMM 530, selects the following terminations from the BOAT 560 and defines the streams among those terminations: two bonding terminations 562 a and 562 b; two H.221 MUX terminations 563 and 563 b; two RTP terminations 561 a and 561 b; an AMT 564 f; a VMT 565 c; and a DT 566 a. The AMT 564 f is a common audio mixer that can mix the audio of at least three inputs. The AMT 564 f can analyze its inputs, identify the loudest speaker and send an indication about the identification of the loudest speaker. The VMT 565 c is a video transcoding unit and can be implemented by common transcoding methods such as using four decoders, four encoders (one channel for each end-point) and a shared video bus. The DT 566 a can handle data protocols, for example, T.120.
The MPMM 530 defines the topology of the exemplary context as follows: The media stream to and from EP1 is done via bonding termination 562 a and H.221 MUX 563 a. From unit 563 a the audio stream is transferred to the first channel of AMT 564 f. The video stream is transferred to channel number 1 of VMT 565 c. The decoder and the encoder of channel 1 are adjusted to fit the needs of EP1. The output of the encoder of channel 1 is transferred to unit 563 a. The data is transferred to DT 566 a and the control stream is transferred to VCM 610 a. The media stream of EP2 uses a similar path but via units 562 b, 563 b, the second channel in AMT 564 f and the second channel of VMT 565 c, respectively, and the control stream is transferred to VCM 610 a. The media stream to and from EP3 (not shown) is done via RTP termination 561 a. From unit 561 a the audio stream is transferred to the 3rd channel of AMT 564 f. The video stream is transferred to the 3rd Channel of VMT 565 c. The decoder and the encoder of channel 3 are adjusted to fit the needs of EP3. The output of the video encoder of channel 3 is transferred to RTP unit 561 a. The data is transferred to DT 566 f. The media stream of EP4 uses a similar path but via units 561 b, the 4th channel in AMT 564 f and the 4th channel of VMT 565 c and the DT 566 f, respectively. The real time management of this conference is done by VCM 610 a. The VCM 610 a receives indications from all the units. Among these indications, the VCM 610 a gets indication from AMT 565 f identifying the loudest speaker. When the loudest speaker is changed the VCM 610 a routes the output of the video encoder of the new loudest end-point to the other three end-points while the video to the new loudest speaker remains the same, (the video of the previous speaker). The VCM 610 a informs MC 400 (
The bonding termination 562 k aggregates ‘N’ ISDN 64 kbit channels to one call and transfers the data to H.221 MUX termination 563 j. MUX termination 563 j multiplexes/demultiplexes the stream into four streams: media control stream, audio stream, video stream and data stream. The media control stream is transferred via VCM 610 b, MPMM 530 or MGMM 530 b, H.248 module 547 or Vendor Specific Protocol Module 545 (
As shown in
Referring now to
In an exemplary embodiment of system 200 (
When a user requests conference services from a service provider, the user dials the Single-Dial Conference Service Number (SDCSN) of the service provider. The response to this call is provided by MGW 150 or a MP 140 in case of system 100 (
Upon receiving the user's response, the response is analyzed 814 by the DTMF decoder 715 (
When it is determined that the user pressed the ‘1’ key, requesting to join a conference 840, method 800 moves to step 842 and starts another IVR session. During the new IVR session the method may request the conference ID number and the participant's (private) ID number. The vocal announcement may be “Press your ID number following by the ‘#’ key and then press your private ID number following by the second ‘#’ key.” After the announcement, the system 800 waits for the user's response. At this point, an interactive loop including the user, the GCC 110 or 210 (
Upon receiving the next instruction from the GCC, method 800 determines 850 whether the instruction is a signaling and control instruction or another interaction with the user. If it is a signaling and control instruction, the method performs the signaling and control routine according to the type of the instruction 858. For example, in the case of a routing instruction to the selected MP/MCU that will handle the conference, the IVR logical module 700 transfers this instruction to the MCS, or the MC unit in a Decomposed architecture, of the unit at the POP that handles the call, subsequently the IVR logical module 700 terminates the IVR session. The unit at the POP routes the call to the selected MP 140 (
If the instruction from the GCC 110 or 210 is not a signaling and control instruction but a new interaction cycle with the user 850, IVR logical module starts a new IVR session generating a new vocal announcement that represents the new request, sends it to the user and waits for the user's response 852. Upon receiving the response, the method 800 returns to step 844.
If IVR Module determines at step 820 that the type of the call is a request for ad-hoc conference services 826, the IVR module moves to step 848 and transfers the request for the ad-hoc conference to GCC 110 or 210 (
If IVR Module determines at step 820 that the type of call is a request for reservation services 828, the IVR module starts a new IVR session generating a new vocal announcement that represents several reservation methods, sends it to the user and waits to the user's response 829. An exemplary vocal announcement may be “Please select the reservation method that fits your need. By email please press ‘1’. By fax please press ‘2’. For vocal reservation please press ‘3’. For operator assistance please press ‘*’ at any time”. Upon receiving the response, method 800 analyzes the response and determines whether the user selected a vocal method 860. If yes 862, the request is transferred to GCC 110 or 210 and moves to step 848. If a vocal command was not selected 864, the method may start several IVR sessions according to the selection of the user 866. For example, if the user selects the fax option by pressing ‘2’ the IVR may request his fax number, and then terminate the call. Later the MCS (not shown) at the POP sends a FAX to the user's number with the reservation form and instructions on how to fill it out.
Methods in accordance with
If in step 924 it is not the 3rd time, GCC 110 or 210 may request the IVR module to create a new IVR session for requesting the user to enter his ID numbers again 926. The method waits for the response. This request renews the operation of the IVR module from step 850 in
If GCC 110 or 210 identifies the conference ID number and the private ID number, it determines in step 920 whether the user is a common participant or the moderator of the conference. If the user is a common participant GCC determines whether the conference has been started 930. If yes, GCC 110/210 (
If in step 930 the conference has not started yet, GCC 110/210 adds the new participant to the waiting list waiting for the conference to be started 932. In parallel, the GCC 110 or 210 instructs the IVR module to send an announcement to the user. The announcement may be “Your conference has not started yet, please wait.” This instruction renews the operation of method 800 at point A/step 859. In step 859 of
If in step 920 the user is determined to be the moderator of the conference (based on the conference's profile), the GCC selects the most suitable MP/MCU for managing the conference 940. The selected MP/MCU may be different than the MP/MCU that had been assigned to the conference during the reservation stage of the conference. The conference profile is a data structure that may comprise information about the resources needed for the conference. For example, the number of participants, type of end-points, compression standards bit rates, etc. More information about conference profiles can be found in U.S. patent applications Nos. 09/790,577 and 09/852,438. If a profile does not exist, the GCC 110 or 210 may select an MCU that has the largest number of free resources. Other criteria for selecting the MCU can be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/708,898.
At step 942 the GCC 110 or 210 provides the selected MP/MCU with the parameters of the conference over IPN 120. The parameters may include also the list of the “dial-out” participants. A “dial-out” participant is a participant that the selected MCU has to call for connecting it to the conference. The GCC 110 or 210, in step 944, instructs the RRU 170 and the unit at the POP how to route the dial-in calls to the selected MP/MCU using IP trunking over IPN 120. In step 946, the GCC checks the waiting list for the conference (see step 932). For each waiting participant, GCC 110/210 (
If, in step 910, the request is not to join a conference, it may be a request a vocal reservation service or to start an ad-hoc conference. In this case the GCC creates a limited profile for the conference 950. GCC 110/210 may instruct the IVR module to request the number of participants. This instruction renews the operation of method 800 at step 850 (
If there are enough resources to support the call, the GCC may request payment instruction 952. For example the credit card number of the user. The dialogue with the user is done as described above via IVR module and method 800. Other payment method may be used, for example billing the call to each participant via his communication service provider, or using a credit account or pre-paid account of the user at the conference service provider etc. Upon receiving the payment instructions, the GCC 110 or 210 determines at step 954 whether the call is for an ad-hoc conference. If not, it moves to step 958. If yes, it may request, at step 955, for the user to define the ID number for the conference, which may be valid for a short period of time. The short period may be 10, 15, 30 minutes etc. If there is no other conference that use this ID number, the GCC confirms the request for the ad-hoc conference and moves to step 956. If there is another conference that uses this ID, the GCC may request another ID number from the user. This method enables the user to define in advance the ID number and communicate it to the other participants while coordinating the call. Other options for an ad-hoc call may use dial-out method. In such a case, the GCC, via the IVR module, will request the user enter the dial numbers of the participants. Later, the GCC submits the list of the dial-out participants to the selected MP/MCU. In step 956, GCC 110/210 asks the user, via IVR logical module 700, whether he would like to start the conference. If yes, the method moves to step 940. If not, GCC 110/210 terminates the call as well as method 900. The dialogue with the user is done as described above via IVR logical module 700 and method 800. In step 958 the GCC 110 or 210 defines the ID number of the conference and the participant's ID number, if needed, transfers those IDs to the user using the IVR session and then the method is terminated.
If at step 1020 the current participant is a dial-out participant, GCC 210 (
In the case where the decomposed architecture 100 (
In the description and claims of the present application, each of the verbs “comprise,” “include” and “have”, and conjugates thereof, are used to indicate that the object or objects of the verb are not necessarily a complete listing of members, components, elements or parts of the subject or subjects of the verb. Alternate embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains without departing from its spirit and scope. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is described by the appended claims and supported by the foregoing description.
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|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
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|U.S. Classification||370/352, 370/260, 379/202.01|
|International Classification||H04L12/16, H04N7/15, H04M7/00, H04L12/66, H04L12/18, H04L29/06|
|Cooperative Classification||H04L65/4007, H04L65/104, H04L65/4038, H04N7/15, H04L12/1813, H04L29/06027, H04N7/152, H04L12/66, H04L65/103, H04L65/1043|
|European Classification||H04N7/15, H04N7/15M, H04L29/06M2N2S4, H04L29/06M4C2, H04L29/06M4A, H04L29/06M2N2M4, H04L12/18D, H04L29/06C2, H04L12/66, H04L29/06M2N3|
|Jan 15, 2010||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: POLYCOM, INC.,CALIFORNIA
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Owner name: MORGAN STANLEY SENIOR FUNDING, INC., NEW YORK
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Owner name: POLYCOM, INC., CALIFORNIA
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text:
Metal Expansion Joints
Petrochemical Process, Industrial and HVAC applications
Senior Flexonics Pathway produces round and rectangular metal expansion joints in all types of hardware configurations from 2″ pipe size to maximum ship-able dimensions. We are recognized as the lead innovator for high temperature industrial expansion joint applications.
Control and isolation of flue gas in a wide variety of applications
The Senior Flexonics Pathway family of damper products include guillotines with a variety of drive modes including the patented Blade Drive Concept, single and double louvers, butterfly dampers, diverter valves for gas turbines and other industrial applications, and poppet valves for bag house internals.
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Flue gas and other low pressure ducting applications
Designs for flue gas and other low pressure ducting applications. Expansion joint product design conditions include low temperature corrosive environments to high temperature applications involving gas turbine exhaust and refractory lined ducting for petrochemical and industrial processes.
Inspection, installation or on site repair
The Pathway team travels the globe providing unique engineering analysis and technical craftsmanship with unmatched knowledge and experience with metal expansion joints, metal bellows, and other field equipment.

domain: chemistry


text:
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This page is a summary of: Ruthenium-catalyzed reduction of allylic alcohols: An efficient isomerization/transfer hydrogenation tandem process, Chemical Communications, January 2007, Royal Society of Chemistry, DOI: 10.1039/b618573h.
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Understand and operate well and reservoir surveillance system and remote sensing technology; monitor the reservoir level and decide on engineering interventions if necessary.
monitor well and reservoir
monitoring well and reservoir
using reservoir surveillance
using of reservoir surveillance
use of reservoir surveillance
well and reservoir monitoring
reservoir surveillance use
monitoring of well and reservoir
Skill reusability level
Relationships with occupations
Use reservoir surveillance is an essential skill of the following occupations:
Petroleum engineer: Petroleum engineers evaluate gas and oil fields. They design and develop methods for extracting oil and gas from underneath the earth’s surface. They maximise the recovery of hydrocarbon at a minimum cost, pursuing minimal impact on the environment.
Use reservoir surveillance is optional for these occupations. This means knowing this skill may be an asset for career advancement if you are in one of these occupations.
Liquid fuel engineer: Liquid fuel engineers evaluate liquid fuel extraction sites. They design and develop methods for extracting liquid fuels from underneath the earthâs surface, these fuels include petroleums, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, non-petroleum fossil fuels, biodiesel and alcohols. They maximise the recovery of hydrocarbon at a minimum cost, pursuing minimal impact on the environment.
- Use reservoir surveillance – ESCO


text: I sat at my computer at 3 AM, clicking through the pictures of what had happened the week before. I was exhausted, yet I couldnt pull myself away. As I looked at the images of myself with my newborn baby, I felt as though I was looking at a stranger. There I sat, staring at the screen. Wondering why I felt nothing but emptiness and confusion. To read more, go here.

domain: literature


text:
KUALA LUMPUR, 23 March 2016:
The home ministry has not appointed any agent to implement the Illegal Immigrants Rehiring and Relocation Programme or Rehiring Programme in the country.
Deputy Minister Datuk Nur Jazlan Mohamed said the ministry had lodged a police report against a local company which offered such service.
“There have been many cases of fake agents providing such service via advertisements on the Internet and social media. Last week, we made a police report. Many more would be made after this.
“Companies and employers found commiting such offences will be charged,” he said at the lobby of Parliament House here today.
Nur Jazlan reminded employers not to be taken in by any company claiming it was appointed by the ministry as a programme agent.
“I am afraid there were employers who believed such agents and were willing to pay thousands of ringgit to obtain illegal immigrant workers.”
MY EG Services Bhd (MyEG) had earlier said it was appointed by the Ministry of Home Affairs to manage illegal foreign workers for the rehiring programme.
In a filing to Bursa Malaysia, MyEG said it received a new letter of appointment on 11 Feb 2016 and this would supersede the appointment letter dated 4 Sept 2015.
“All terms and conditions in the earlier letter will be replaced by new conditions stated in the letter dated today (11 Feb),” the company said.
MyEG said the project has no fixed value as it is dependent on the number of illegal foreign workers registered successfully.
“It would take effect from 15 Feb 2016 to 15 Aug 2016 and is expected to contribute positively to the earnings of MyEG for the financial years ending 30 June 2016 and 2017 respectively.”
Meanwhile, the Immigration Department has denied a claim by Malaysian Human Studies And Development Organisation (Pengkaji) that it was appointed to conduct registration and placement of illegals under the Rehiring Programme.
Its director-general Datuk Seri Sakib Kusmi said the home ministry only appointed three companies to help the company handle the rehiring programme which was done online from Feb 15.
He named the companies as Syarikat International Marketing and Net Resources Sdn Bhd to handle Indonesian illegals; Syarikat Bukti Megah Sdn Bhd to manage Myanmar illegals and Konsortium PMF to deal with other illegals.
“In this regard, the claim by Pengkaji that it was appointed as a branch to conduct registration and placement of illegals is not true, altogether,” he said in a statement today.
Sakib said the implementation of the Rehiring Programme was via the portalrehiring.imi.gov.my which is supervised by the immigration department.
He said any queries on the programme could be made to the Rehiring Programme call centres based on the nationality of the illegals, namely, Indonesia, via 03-41494788 or email firstname.lastname@example.org.
For Myanmar nationals, the public can contact 07-3334797/07-3336797 or email to email@example.com while for other nationalities, the contact is 03-78018888 or email firstname.lastname@example.org.
In addition, the public can also contact the immigration department’s operations room at 03-88801555 or 03-88801557 daily from 8.30am to 11pm.

domain: law


text:
What is the meaning of the poem trees?
The poem has a symbolic meaning, the trees are an extended metaphor for women. The poet says that the women have rested, healed and recovered and are ready for their primary purpose – to renew the empty forest of mankind.
What is the name of the tree mentioned in the poem?
Answer. Explanation: The trees mentioned in the poem are the Banyan tree, the Peepul tree, the Coconut tree, the Neem tree, the Tamarind tree, the Date, Teak and the Mango trees. The Banyan tree is the largest tree, which provides pleasant shade to the tired people.
What is being addressed in the poem trees?
The poem, in twelve lines of rhyming couplets of iambic tetrameter verse, describes what Kilmer perceives as the inability of art created by humankind to replicate the beauty achieved by nature.
What is the meaning of a tree that may in summer wear a nest of robins in her hair?
The tree “looks at God” and “raises” her branches “to pray.” The “nest of robins” invokes the image of birds caring for their young, which echoes the relationship between the tree and mother Earth; but this stanza also introduces the idea that the tree is also a source of protection for weaker creatures.
What does the trees symbolize in trees by Joyce Kilmer?
Throughout ‘Trees’ Kilmer explores themes of God’s creation, wonder, and nature. The poem celebrates the world that the Christian God created and wonders over its vast complexity. The speaker knows, very clearly and fully, that he’ll never see/write a poem as “lovely as a tree”.
What is the message of the tree?
Answer: The message of the poem The Trees is that freedom and equality should be for all the living organisms in the world. Whether we take this poem as nature’s poem or a feminist oriented poem, the poet gives a clear message that we should have equal rights.
What does the Trees symbolize in Trees by Joyce Kilmer?
What is the meaning of Earth sweet flowing breast?
“A tree whose hungry mouth is prest. Against the earth’s sweet flowing breast; A tree that looks at God all day, And lifts her leafy arms to pray.” These verses can be used to express humility and show gratitude to God whose creation can be witnessed everywhere in the universe.
What are symbols in a poem?
A symbol is a person, object, place, event, or action that suggests more than its literal meaning.
What is the central statement of the poem?
Theme is the lesson or message of the poem.
What is the meaning of a tree whose hungry mouth?
What does the lines hungry mouth is pressed refer?
What does the lines hungry mouth is pressed refer? in the poem only god can make a tree . Answer: There is a lot of imagery used by the poet ‘A tree whose hungry mouth is pressed’ this line symbolizes the roots of the tree that stick to the ground to suck up the nourishment from the ground. …
What is the symbolic significance of the sun sky and wind here?
Answer:the sun , sky and wind symbolically represents the freedom,free space and power respectively.
How is the tree an appropriate symbol in view of the narrator?
At times, the narrator appears to identify with the tree, imagining herself leading such a life, as opposed to her civilized life. Because this is a real tree (rather than an imagined one), the tree also represents the importance of paying attention to one’s surroundings.
What kind of poem is trees by Joyce Kilmer?
‘Trees’ by Joyce Kilmer (1886-1918), an American writer and poet, delights in the beauty of trees even as it acknowledges the limits of the poet’s craft. Below is ‘Trees’, followed by some words of analysis. A poem lovely as a tree.
What does the tree represent in trees by Kurt Kilmer?
Kilmer’s speaker refers to the tree as a woman, relating the plant to the larger figure of “Mother Earth”. He also imbues the tree with a number of human characteristics, including arms and hair. There are also numerous examples of alliteration in ‘Trees’.
What is the rhyme scheme of Joyce Kilmer’s poem?
Joyce Kilmer’s poem is made up of twelve lines which are separated into six sets of two lines, or couplets. Kilmer has chosen to conform the poem to a consistent rhyme scheme of aa bb cc dd ee aa. The poet has also selected to utilize an almost entirely unifying metrical pattern.
How many lines are in the poem Trees by George Kilmer?
The poem, in twelve lines of rhyming couplets of iambic tetrameter verse, describes what Kilmer perceives as the inability of art created by humankind to replicate the beauty achieved by nature. Kilmer is most remembered for “Trees”, which has been the subject of frequent parodies and references in popular culture. Click to see full answer.

domain: philosophy


In the age of digitalization, the use of unmanned aerial systems is becoming more popular due to the possibility of saving the energy, time, and money of businesses. One of the areas of application of ZALA drones is the Electric Power Industry.
Our partners from "Rosseti Tyumen" use the ZALA unmanned systems to survey the condition of overhead line supports and insulators. The drone flies over the specified routes, examining the condition of power lines and transmitting the image from the UAV to the monitor of the ground control station in online mode.
Assessment of the wire's condition and insulators at any time of the day, as well as in bad weather conditions, ZALA AERO uses payloads with a thermal imaging camera that can determine the temperature of an object with an accuracy of up to 2°C. When power transmission line discrepancies are found, a report card is created with the exact coordinates of defects, based on which the customer sends a group of field electricians to eliminate the inconsistencies.
This type of monitoring is the most suitable for this area since the main power lines can pass through rugged swamps and water-filled valleys, which require several days of an autonomous hike to inspect. ZALA systems require a few minutes to be ready for deployment, which not only saves money but also can eliminate the possibility of incidents on the power lines.


text:
Coronet Norge Cessna 208 Caravan LN-SEA at FBU Seaplanebase 09-05-1998
Cessna 208 Caravan
ff: 1989 N9751F
08-1990 JA8218 Kokusai Kigyo
21-10-1992 N9751F Kiti International Inc.
1993 OY-IRP Suluit Air Nuuk, Greenland
op in Norway from 05-1997
30-04-1998 LN-SEA opb Coronet Norge AS
09-1999 VH-LMZ Seair Pacific
My first view of this Caravan, only a week after the Norwegian reg LN-SEA was obtained.
Coronet Norway used the old seaplane base at the seaside east of the terminal at FBU Fornebu airport.

domain: travel


Mineral Processing Equipment : Ball mill for sale in imbabwe alstom ball mills - A type of mining equipment that can trigger the development and change of the beneficiation technology industry. The main core machines are ball mills, rod mills, flotation machines, magnetic separators, etc.
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200S Laser Rangefinder
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Take your game to the next level with the Callaway Golf 200S Golf Laser Rangefinder. This top-of-the-line instrument provides you with the accurate and precise measurements you need to make better shots on the course. Measuring just 3.74" x 2.80" x 1.57" and weighing in at 4.4oz. (125g) without battery, the 200S is designed to be lightweight and easy to carry. It's powered by a CR2 3-Volt Lithium Battery, and features an LCD Display for easy viewing. The rangefinder offers 5-800 yards of maximum range, and displays distances in both yards and meters with an accuracy of +/- 1 Yard. This model is also weather resistant (IPX3) so you can play in any conditions. Transform your game with the superior performance of the Callaway Golf 200S Golf Laser Rangefinder.


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The ELVIS (Expendable Launch Vehicle with Integrated Spacecraft) concept involves: (1) dropping off the upper stage of the launch vehicle as low as possible, with integral low-thrust propulsion taking the spacecraft to its final orbital destination; (2) using the spacecraft bus to provide the avionics functions needed to fly a launch vehicle to orbit so as to avoid the duplication of avionics hardware and software between the satellite bus and the launch vehicle. The result is a reduction in the parts count, weight, and cost of the launch vehicle. There are major benefits associated with early staging — the upper stage can reenter safely without a retro burn, and the mass-to-orbit available from small launch vehicles is significantly increased. The mass gain will depend on the hardware configuration and the orbit destination, but can be as much as a factor of two or more for some low Earth orbits. In addition, the spacecraft bus operates from the time of launch and can begin the mission essentially as soon as the spacecraft reaches its operational orbit or, in some cases, even before. The small spacecraft thus achieves a new level of responsiveness, allowing spacecraft to be launched in response to rapidly changing circumstances. This paper describes a representative ELVIS configuration and performance gains for typical mission destinations, and sample applications that are enabled or made more efficient by the use of this approach. Technical issues and tradeoffs associated with this design will be discussed.
Van Allen, R.E., T. Bauer, S. Chakroborty, S. Collier, P. Graven, L.J. Hansen, H.M. Meissinger and J.R. Wertz. 17th Annual USU/AIAA Small Satellite Conference, Utah Sate University, Logan, Utah. August 11–14, 2003.

domain: astronomy


Hokchi Energy, one of Mexico's leading private crude oil and gas producers, has initiated a dispute resolution process against the state-run company PEMEX to recover approximately US$190 million owed by the financially burdened NOC. This action follows prior notifications and warnings sent by Hokchi to PEMEX. The process, which was initiated in mid-September, serves as an initial step preceding potential legal actions. The outstanding amount of US$190 million is considered as of September 12.
In July, Hokchi Energy's production figures stood at 22.302Mb/d of oil and 8.876MMcf/d of gas, as reported by the CNH. Hokchi primarily operates the Hokchi block, where it holds a 55% ownership stake, located in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico. According to CNH data, at the beginning of the year, the Hokchi field boasted proven reserves of 111MMb of crude oil.
Hokchi, the second-largest private producer of crude oil and gas in Mexico, delivers its entire hydrocarbon production to PEMEX. In addition to Hokchi Energy’s commercial activities, its commitment to Mexico’s energy sufficiency also extends to social activities. Hokchi Energy participates in Access to a Dignified Life, a social program to help grant access to equal opportunities to children in Tabasco’s communities.
So far, the Ministry of Finance, Hokchi and PEMEX have declined to make any comments regarding the dispute resolution process.
Recently, CNH approved Hokchi Energy’s work plan and budget for 2023. The plan includes the development of the contract CNH-R01-L02-A2/2015 at the Hokchi field, in shallow water near the coast of Tabasco. Here, the company set out to extract 26° API crude oil.
The plan includes the drilling of three wells and the termination of another four, plus three minor repairs. Hokchi expects to retrieve 10.86MMb of crude and 3.91Bcf of gas. The budget approved for the Hokchi field is US$198.33 million, of which 51.1% will be for development, 45.06% for production and the rest for abandonment. In November, Hokchi modified its drilling plans and modified its production forecast, from 9.38MMb to 8.43MMb and from 2.93 to 3.33Bcf of natural gas. The company’s budget plan for 2022 previously stood at US$229 million and included exploration plans in Xaxamani.


text:
When beauty breaks and falls asunder
I feel no grief for it, but wonder.
When love, like a frail shell, lies broken,
I keep no chip of it for token.
I never had a man for friend
Who did not know that love must end.
I never had a girl for lover
Who could discern when love was over.
What the wise doubt, the fool believes--
Who is it, then, that love deceives?
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Comments, Analysis, and Meaning on Juans Song
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domain: relationship


text:
an increasingly popular pastime for Cornwall EVERY WINTER IS stormwatching. Find somewhere cosy and safe to snuggle up as the storms come in and watch the sea rage as you enjoy a warming drink and good food with your dog snuggled safely by your side. Here are a few of our favourite dog friendly storm watching venues — but don’t forget to keep your dog safe and calm during the stormy weather and watch from a safe distance yourself!
The Ship Inn, Porthleven
This 17th century pub is perched overlooking the clocktower of Porthleven, a famed stormwatching point where the westerly gales bring 50 ft waves crashing against the Cornish shoreline in dramatic fashion. Do be safe getting there and follow advice to stay away from the harbour edge of Porthleven on stormy days. Once inside you can enjoy local ales and good food as you watch the storms rage outside. theshipinnporthleven.co.uk
Lewinnick Lodge, Newquay
The newly renovated Lewinnick Lodge in Newquay makes a perfect cliff-top retreat to watch storms. Try the local seafood in this contemporary restaurant while you listen to the waves crash against the cliffs beneath you. If you feel like extending your stay, there are various luxury rooms available to book, some of which have panoramic views across the ocean. The nearby Fistral beach is world famous and just a short walk away for you and your dog.
Lusty Glaze, Newquay
This bar and restaurant is set just off the beautiful privately owned Lusty Glaze beach, named The Times’ beach of the year for 2017. Although the beach itself imposes a seasonal dog ban (
June-September), it’s calm and secluded setting provides a stunning view for stormy weather. The sheltered nature of this beach also makes it ideal for a bracing dog walk during the winter months. Their dog friendly bar and restaurant overlooking the beach is the perfect place to warm up by the log burner and enjoy one of their famous hot chocolates with a view. www.lustyglaze.co.uk
The Watering Hole, Perranporth
This venue prides itself as being the only pub in the UK to be actually on the beach, allowing you to get as close to the stormy views as possible without actually getting wet (
that is if you time the walk down right!). The pub is set on dog friendly Perranporth beach where the sand stretches on for 3 miles, so there’s plenty of room to walk your dog in the warmer weather. www.thewateringhole.co.uk
The Beach Hut, Watergate Bay
Part of the glamorous and contemporary Watergate Bay Hotel, The Beach Hut acts as the perfect refuge if you and your dog are caught on the beach below during a downpour. The cafe has a vibrant and relaxed atmosphere, offering winter warmers of Origin Coffee and their famed Extreme Hot Chocolate. Arguably the most impressive aspect of this restaurant is the view: large windows lining the walls provide an expansive view of Watergate Bay beach, resulting in an open feeling inside the cafe. This allows the surrounding weather to be a focal point of the experience. www.watergatebay.co.uk/food-and-drink/the-beach-hut
The Rashleigh Inn, Polkerris
Nestled between Par and Fowey, this traditional style pub is perched over Polkerris beach. The pub itself is well known for quality and has been featured in every edition of the Good Beer Guide and Good Pub Guide since 2001. For a relaxing winter’s evening, curl up next to the bay window and weather watch as the waves crash against the shore. Polkerris beach is dog friendly in the winter months so you can take your dog for a run right on the doorstep.
Poldhu Beach Cafe
Open every day except Christmas Day and Helston Flora Day, this pub at the back of Poldhu faces the watch of the westbound gales on the Lizard Peninsula. Although known in the summer for it’s beachside pizza nights, an indoor seating area is now available and is the ideal place to try on of their legendary hot chocolates that come in a delicious variety of flavours which have previously included: salted caramel, crunchie and chocolate orange. To help you plan a stormy excursion, their website provides a handy page showing the forecast and tide times. www.poldhu.com
The Old Success Inn, Sennen
Set on the very westerly tip of England, this coastal pub is in a spot known for truly dramatic storms. With stunning views over Sennen Cove in your eyeline, you can warm up with a cup of Brewer and Bean coffee, created by St Austell Brewery. They aim to use local Cornish ingredients in all of their dishes, including their spectacular Sunday lunch, which they are renowned for, alongside their fantastic hospitality. If you want to walk off your food, the inn is handily found on the South West Coast Path which allows for exhilarating walks with views of the rugged coastline. www.oldsuccess.co.uk
This cosy restaurant is set right on the harbour front of Mevagissey, making it a beautiful place to spend a stormy night watching the waves crashing below while trying some of the fresh seafood caught during the day. www.thesharksfin.co.uk
Port William, Trebarwith Strand
The award-winning Port William Inn can be found overlooking the beautifully dramatic north coast cliffs and the dog friendly Trebarwith Strand beach. The pub also provides an extensive view out to sea, allowing you to watch as the storm rolls in over the Atlantic. The inside of the building is a warmed by a roaring open fire and decorated with a nautical theme. Try the fresh lobster or crab for the ultimate seaside experience or just pop in to try one of their local ales. www.theportwilliam.co.uk

domain: geography


text:
Comic book creator Stan Lee recently filed a $1 billion lawsuit against POW! Entertainment. The 95-year-old pop culture icon issued several grievances against the company.
Lee vs. POW! Entertainment
On Tuesday, May 15, attorney Adam D.H. Grant of Alpert, Barr, and Grant filed a lawsuit on behalf of Lee through Los Angeles' western district of California's Superior Court. In the suit, Grant addresses that the Spider-Man and X-Men co-creator is suing the company that he co-founded in 2001. Lee believes that his business partners, Shane Duffy and Gill Champion, conspired to take away his identity through a business transaction.
Lee's lawsuit mentioned that in 2017, POW! Entertainment was sold to Hong Kong-based Camsing International. Lee's lawyers suggested that both Duffy and Champion, along with former business manager Jeraldo Olivarez, convinced him to sign a document that he thought to be a non-exclusive license with POW! Entertainment. However, the Marvel Comics icon allegedly signed a document allowing the entertainment organization the rights to use his name and likeness when it comes to a branding perspective. The agreement also allowed POW! Entertainment to have access to his numerous social media accounts.
Lee stated that he signed the document at a tough time in his life. The Fantastic Four co-creator lost his wife of 70 years, Joan, in 2017. Also, he was dealing with macular degeneration, which is causing him to permanently lose his eyesight. Due to this condition, Lee's lawyer stated that he could not read the document himself. Lee and his legal team are looking for the California courts to make the agreement illegal and seeking up to $1 billion in damages.
POW! Entertainment Speaks
A POW! Entertainment representative contacted The Hollywood Reporter regarding the lawsuit. The company spokesperson stated that the allegations were outrageous. Also, the company wondered if the Black Panther co-creator was behind the trial. They also said that they looked into presenting their case in court.
"There is no question Mr. Lee - who, along with his daughter, was and remains a substantial POW! Shareholder - clearly understood the terms of the agreements he signed," said the POW! spokesperson.
Marvel Movie Madness
As Lee and his legal team prepare for court, several of Lee's classic characters made appearances in the box office film Avengers: Infinity War. The film, which featured 30 leading characters, followed the success of Black Panther. Both films featured cameos from Lee, who has made a habit of popping in Marvel-related movies since 2000's X-Men.
Lee made a cameo appearance in Deadpool 2's official 4-minute teaser trailer. In 2016, Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige revealed that Lee filmed four Marvel Movie cameos in one day.
Tech Times contacted POW! Entertainment for a comment on this story.

domain: news