|Publication number||US6584430 B1|
|Application number||US 09/119,148|
|Publication date||Jun 24, 2003|
|Filing date||Jul 20, 1998|
|Priority date||Jul 21, 1997|
|Also published as||CA2240863A1, EP0893772A2, EP0893772A3|
|Publication number||09119148, 119148, US 6584430 B1, US 6584430B1, US-B1-6584430, US6584430 B1, US6584430B1|
|Inventors||Rafi Rosenbaum, Shaul Shohat, Rakefet Fish, Judith Kessler, Lazars Kupeli|
|Original Assignee||Bio Rad Laboratories, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (9), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (33), Classifications (7), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates to a system and a method for monitoring analysis devices and, in particular, it concerns a system and a method for diagnosing operating faults, adjusting operating parameters and providing routine maintenance for such devices.
Many different types of analysis devices are used for scientific and medical analysis in a laboratory setting. As these devices have become increasingly sophisticated, many now require complex software for their operation. Although such software can provide a simple and user-friendly interface for the routine operation of the device, difficulties arise when operating parameters must be changed, or when the operating software must be upgraded. Many of these adjustments are relatively routine, yet can be difficult and complicated for all but the most sophisticated user. Thus, routine maintenance has become extremely complex for such devices.
Furthermore, should the device itself actually experience operating faults, such that the performance of the device is reduced, the average user may not be aware that a problem has arisen. Even if the device is clearly inoperative, the average user would not be able to diagnose the problem, so that a repair technician would need to travel to the laboratory to assess the device. Should a new part be required, further visits to the laboratory would be necessary to obtain the part and then repair the device. Thus, on-site repair currently can require multiple visits and result in a relatively long period in which the device cannot be used, both of which are very costly and frustrating for the user.
There is therefore an unmet need for, and it would be highly advantageous to have, a system and a method for remotely monitoring the performance of an analysis device, diagnosing any problems and performing routine maintenance with a minimum of human intervention.
According to the teachings of the present invention, there is provided a system for monitoring an analysis device, comprising: (a) an instrument software for operating the analysis device; and (b) a system management software for receiving a report of a state of the analysis device from the instrument software and for determining a response to the report, the system management software including: (i) a hardware monitoring agent for interacting with the instrument software to obtain the report; and (ii) an expert system software for determining if the report is of an instrument error state, and for recommending an error correction response if the report is of the instrument error state.
Preferably, the response includes a command to alter at least one operating parameter of the analysis device. Also preferably, the command is sent to the instrument software by the hardware monitoring agent and is executed by the instrument software. Optionally, the response is an alarm to warn a user of the analysis device. Alternatively and preferably, the response includes ordering a component of the analysis device from a service provider.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the instrument software is run on a first computer connected locally to the analysis device and the system management software is run on a second computer connected remotely to the analysis device. Preferably, the system management software allows the analysis device to be adjusted by the second computer through the instrument software.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the expert system software includes: (a) an expert system model module for containing a list of instrument error states and a list of corresponding tests to perform; (b) an expert system engine module for determining the response based on the list of error states and on the list of corresponding tests; and (c) an expert system log module for recording interactions between the expert system software and the instrument software. Preferably, the expert system engine module further selects a test to be performed on the analysis device and the hardware monitoring agent performs said test through said instrument software. Also preferably, the expert system software further analyzes said recorded interactions between said expert system software and said instrument software in order to add information to said expert system model module.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of diagnosing an operating fault in an analysis device, comprising the steps of: (a) providing the analysis device with an instrument software for operating the analysis device; (b) obtaining a report of the operating fault from the instrument software; (c) selecting a command to correct the operating fault based upon said report; and (d) causing said instrument software to execute said command to correct the operating fault.
According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a system for the maintenance of an analysis device, including: (a) an instrument software for operating the analysis device; and (b) a system management software for determining when a maintenance action is to be performed on the analysis device. Preferably, the maintenance action includes determining when a component of the analysis device should be replaced. Also preferably, the maintenance action includes an automatic adjustment of an operating parameter of the analysis device.
The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a prior art analysis device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an instrument monitoring system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 diagrams one embodiment of the present invention showing interactions with a service provider;
FIG. 4 is a more detailed diagram of the system management software of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows one example of the relationship between the hardware monitoring agent of the present invention and other components of the system management software of the present invention;
FIG. 6 illustrates one example of a fault diagnosis scenario;
FIG. 7 illustrates examples of user databases according to the present invention; and
FIG. 8 schematically diagrams an example of a software upgrade manager according to the present invention.
The present invention is of a method and a system for performing routine maintenance, diagnosing problems and preferably upgrading software for one or more analysis devices.
As used herein, the term “analysis device” refers to any device for performing a scientific or medical analysis, including both research laboratory instrumentation and instruments used for clinical diagnostic procedures, as well as any process monitoring device. For example, the analysis device could measure the level of glucose in a blood sample taken from a patient. Typically such devices include a sample input such as a chamber into which the blood sample is inserted. These devices also include an analysis module which would actually perform the analysis, for example by determining the concentration of glucose in the blood sample. If necessary, one or more reagents are added to the sample when in contact with the analysis device. Finally, the results of the analysis are displayed or given to the user in some form.
As these analysis devices have become more complicated, their routine operation has been increasingly performed by software on a computer either attached to, or included with, the analysis device, hereinafter referred to as the “instrument computer”. Such software has the advantage of simplifying routine operation of the device, as well as of being able to store, format and display the results in many different ways. However, many functions must still be performed either by the user or by a skilled repair technician.
In an effort to reduce the number of functions which must be performed either by the user or by a skilled repair technician, an overall system of monitoring and, if necessary, intervening in the function of the analysis device through the operating software would be useful. The system of the present invention includes software for system management, hereinafter referred to as the “system management software”, which can interact with the software which operates the analysis device. Through this interaction, the system management software can either monitor the performance of the analysis device, adjust one or more operating parameters of the analysis device, or both, as well as optionally provide assistance to the user through on-line help manuals, for example.
Optionally, the system of the present invention can also include a connection, via the Internet, to a monitoring computer at a remote location. Hereinafter, the term “Internet” is used to generally designate the global, linked web of thousands of networks which is used to connect computers all over the world. As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, the term “Internet” can also include other types of networks, such as LAN (local area networks) or WAN (wide area networks), it being understood that the term “network” includes any connection between at least two computers. Hereinafter, the term “local” includes any site where the analysis device is located, such as a laboratory, a company, a hospital or a university. The term “remote” refers to any other separate site.
Such an Internet connection can either be substantially continuous or intermittent. With this connection, information which is available on the network computers can be directly downloaded to the instrument computer. Such information can include reference information such as user manuals and product information. Optionally, products could be ordered from a product source, such as a service provider, via the Internet. Also optionally, a service provider could directly monitor the performance of the analysis device through the system management software, to aid in the detection of operating faults or for routine maintenance of the system. Such monitoring could be particularly invaluable when planning service calls to the laboratory by repair technicians, either for routine maintenance or to repair an inoperative or faulty analysis device.
Furthermore, new or improved data about the analysis device could also be given to the instrument computer in the form of updated operating parameters. Such updated operating parameters would then be used by the system management software to adjust the operation of the instrument computer in order to obtain a greater level of performance. Currently, each individual user must manually adjust the analysis device to compensate for factors such as differences between production lots of reagents. Enabling the system management software to perform such adjustments automatically significantly increases the efficiency of the analysis device and frees the user from performing such adjustments manually.
In addition, both software initial installations and upgrades can optionally be performed through the system management software. Hereinafter, the term “initial installation” refers to the addition of software to the computer for the first time, without previous versions of the software being available on the computer. The term “software upgrade” refers to the addition of new features or patches for known problems to software already installed on the computer.
It is envisioned that all of these services could be performed through a service provider, which would give technical support and advice, perform maintenance and repairs on the analysis device, act as a vendor for related products and generally provide needed support to the user of the analysis device.
All of the functions of the system management software may be performed either automatically, semi-automatically, or both. Hereinafter the term “automatic” refers to the performance of a function substantially without user intervention or input, while the term “semi-automatic” refers to the performance of a function with at least partial user intervention or input required for one or more steps.
The present invention is of a method and a system for monitoring analysis devices, for diagnosing operating faults in these devices, and for adjusting operating parameters of the devices. As noted previously, the system includes at least one analysis device which is operated by instrument software running on a computer, and system management software which interacts with the instrument software to monitor the analysis device. Optionally, the system also includes a connection to one or more computers via the Internet.
The principles and operation of a method and a system according to the present invention may be better understood with reference to the drawings and the accompanying description. Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a prior art analysis device as an example of such a device. Although the present invention will be described in terms of this specific analysis device, a capillary electrophoresis instrument, it is understood that this is for illustrative purposes only and is not meant to be limiting in any way. A capillary electrophoresis instrument system includes a capillary electrophoresis instrument 10. Capillary electrophoresis instrument 10 includes a sample input 11 which preferably holds multiple samples. The user places one or more samples in sample input 11. Next, a portion of the sample is automatically placed within an analysis module 12 of capillary electrophoresis instrument 10. Analysis module 12 includes a capillary into which the portion of the sample is placed (not shown). A voltage is applied across this capillary, causing various components of the sample, such as proteins, to become separated (not shown). The results of the separation are given as one or more peaks, defining a relative concentration of each component within the sample (not shown). Preferably, the results are analyzed and displayed on a video monitor screen of a computer as described below.
The capillary electrophoresis instrument system also includes instrument software 13 to operate capillary electrophoresis instrument 10, and an instrument computer 14 on which instrument software 13 is run. For the sake of clarity, FIG. 1 shows instrument software 13 on instrument computer 14. Instrument software 13 can include one or more separate programs or modules. Optionally, one or more functions of capillary electrophoresis instrument 10 are performed automatically by instrument software 13. Instrument software 13 also enables the user to set one or more operating parameters of capillary electrophoresis instrument 10, such as the amount of one or more reagents to be added to the sample if necessary. Generally, instrument software 13 has substantially all the functions which are required to enable the user to operate capillary electrophoresis instrument 10. Preferably, the user would not need to directly manipulate one or more portions of capillary electrophoresis device 10, as these manipulations should be performed via instrument software 13. Instrument software 13 also analyzes the results obtained from analysis module 12 and places them in a suitable format for display on the monitor of instrument computer 14.
FIG. 2 shows an instrument monitoring system according to the present invention. An instrument monitoring system 16 includes an analysis device 18 with instrument software 20. Analysis device 18 performs one or more analysis functions, preferably for scientific or medical analysis as shown in the prior art device of FIG. 1.
System management software 22 is able to interact with instrument software 20. System management software 22 can be installed on computer 14, analysis device 18 or on a network computer 24 as shown. System management software 22 is able to interact with instrument software 20 to perform a number of functions generally included under the phrase “monitoring of analysis device”.
First, system management software 22 can simply monitor the function of analysis device 18, such as passively examining analysis results, measuring reagent levels and determining the relative level of background noise being generated by analysis device 18 or by the samples themselves.
Second, system management software 22 can actively intervene in the routine function of analysis device 18 and perform a maintenance action, for example by adjusting one or more operating parameters. Such operating parameters include, but are not limited to, the amount of any necessary reagents and factors which influence background noise. Other examples of maintenance actions include determining when a component of the analysis device should be replaced, such as a lamp which has reached the end of its expected operating life.
Third, system management software 22 preferably can diagnose operating faults and problems, including but not limited to lack of a required reagent, lack of a sufficient sample volume, incorrect adjustment of one or more parts within analysis device 18 such as the sample input, or the presence of a faulty part such as a burnt-out light source, for example.
The fourth function of system management software 22, performing software installation and upgrades, is preferably performed in conjunction with network computer 24. Network computer 24 is an optional but preferable feature of system 16. Network computer 24 is connected to computer 14 via a network connection such as the Internet. Network computer 24 can include a database with information as described previously, or new or upgraded software, which can be downloaded to computer 14. Such downloading, and the subsequent installation of any programs, is preferably performed by system management software 22.
FIG. 3 illustrates an expanded version of the network computer and network connection of FIG. 2 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Here, multiple analysis devices 18 are connected to an Internet server 28 via the Internet 30. Internet server 28 in turn is a gateway to a service provider 32 which can be at a remote location, including a completely different country. Service provider 32 provides services related to the routine maintenance and repair of analysis device 18, and optionally provides a number of other services, such as answering any questions of the user about analysis device 18, automatically reminding the user about the need to order further quantities of any necessary reagents, and even monitoring the performance of analysis device 26. For these latter optional services, service provider 32 should preferably operate system management software 22. Such an expanded network connection can enable the user to benefit from such services without requiring an on-site visit by a technician from service provider 32. Furthermore, even if an on-site visit is required, the number and duration of such visits can potentially be reduced by the Internet connection.
Preferably, service provider 32 is connected to Internet server 28 through a firewall for added security (not shown).
FIG. 4 illustrates one possible embodiment of the service provider system of FIG. 3. In this embodiment, a remote user 34 connects to system management software 22 via an user interface 36. Preferably, user interface 36 is a “home page” accessible by a web browser. Hereinafter, the term “web browser” includes any software program which can interact with a web server to display documents written in HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language). The term “home page” or “web page” includes any such HTML document.
One advantage of using a “home page” for user interface 36 is that context-sensitive messages can easily be added to the “home page” for the user to view. Such context-sensitive messages are well known in the art, and are typically used for advertising and the like, although of course the message could have substantially any content. These messages are preferably selected for their content depending upon the actions of the user. For example, if the user were asking for product information, an advertisement by the company which manufactured that product could appear as the context-sensitive message. Many other examples of such context-sensitive messages, and the context in which they are selected, would occur to one of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, even if user interface 36 uses some other GUI (graphical user interface) technology, such context-sensitive messages could easily be displayed using that technology. Optionally, the particular context could be obtained from instrument software 20 and sent to system management software 22. Preferably, the context-sensitive message would then be displayed by instrument software 20.
User interface 36 enables the user to connect indirectly to a hardware monitoring agent 38. However, hardware monitoring agent 38 is also preferably connected separately to the analysis device of remote user 34, for example via a separate Internet connection. Hardware monitoring agent 38 monitors instrument software 20 at least intermittently, for example at the request of remote user 34, but preferably constantly. Hardware monitoring agent 38 performs such monitoring by looking for pre-defined sets of instrument status codes.
An instrument status code is a code produced by instrument software 20 which describes the state of the analysis device, such as whether the device is waiting for a command, in a power-saving mode or performing an analysis. Certain of these codes indicate states in which the performance of the analysis device is either reduced or eliminated because of a problem within the analysis device, and can be described as an error code. Hardware monitoring agent 38 initiates a fault detection session when such an error code is detected, or even when a particular combination of instrument codes indicates that a problem may be present. A fault detection session can also be initiated by a user request. Once such a session is initiated, hardware monitoring agent 38 connects to, and interacts with, expert system software as shown in FIG. 5.
FIG. 5 shows one particular embodiment of the relationship between the instrument software and the hardware monitoring agent. The user interacts with hardware monitoring agent 38 through user interface 36. Hardware monitoring agent 38, either automatically or according to a request of the user, interacts with the three components of an expert system software 40: expert system log module 42, expert system model module 44 and expert system engine module 46. These interactions enable hardware monitoring agent 38 to perform various monitoring functions and repairs.
Expert system model module 44 contains a schematic description of analysis device 18, including any necessary technical information; a definition of tests that can be performed on analysis device 18; and a list of faulty symptoms and the underlying problem or problems which generate them. Expert system log module 42 records a description of all interactions between expert system software 40 and instrument software 20. Expert system engine module 46 interacts with instrument software 20 through hardware monitoring agent 38 to request to perform a test as described in expert system model module 44. Hardware monitoring agent 38 then performs the test either directly through instrument software 20 or via interaction with the remote user. The results are then transferred back to expert system software 40. This process continues until expert system software 40 reaches a conclusion on the faulty element.
As its name suggests, the various components of expert system software 40 together form an “expert system”, which are well known in the art. Such a system is capable of using information supplied by the user, such as the basic configuration of the components of analysis device 18, types of diagnostic tests, interpretation of error codes and interpretation of test results. This information constitutes a model of analysis device 18. This model is then placed within expert system model module 44. Next, expert system engine module 46 then uses the model of expert system model module 44, in combination with information from instrument software 20, to diagnose any problems with the performance of analysis device 18. All interactions are then recorded by expert system log module 42 so that expert system software 40 can actually “learn”, or incorporate new data into expert system model module 44 in order to improve its diagnostic ability.
Of course, the exact performance of expert system software 40 will depend upon its location relative to the user. When instrument software 20 is running on the same computer as system management software 22, automatic hardware monitoring and testing is possible. In this case, the state of analysis device 18 is monitored continuously. Fault states and problematic parameter values (“symptoms”) will trigger a fault diagnosis session using expert system software 40 according to the procedure outlined above. In addition, if the user detects a problem, the user can manually switch to system management software 22 and activate hardware monitoring agent 38. This should both reduce the need for service calls, and make service calls more efficient by supplying better descriptions of problems.
If the fault cannot be isolated with automatic tests, then further testing requiring user intervention may be performed. Instructions from a multimedia user/service manual 47 for user-assisted tests are displayed, and the user can report the results. Expert system software 40 then reports suspect components the defective device if the fault has been completely isolated. The user will also be able to confirm the diagnosis, or enter the actual faulty component if the expert system software diagnosis was incorrect.
An optional feature of hardware monitoring agent 38 is the ability to recommend or initiate routine maintenance. Hardware monitoring agent 38 optionally features a database which includes a list of parts which have known expected lifetimes, and the installation date of those parts in analysis device 18. When the age of a part is close to its expected life, hardware monitoring agent 38 signals the service provider to schedule a preventive maintenance service call which will include replacing this part. In addition other conditions can be defined which signal that preventive maintenance is needed.
Should hardware monitoring agent 38 prove unable to solve the problem, the user can contact a service technician for additional help in isolating and solving the problem through a conferencing tool 48. Conferencing tool 48 allows the service technician to see all the information on the monitor screen of the user's computer. Preferably, conferencing tool 48 includes an audio device for two-way communication between the user and the service technician, or even a video device for visual communication (not shown). Preferably, conferencing tool 48 also allows the service technician to manipulate the user's computer from a remote location.
In addition, optionally and preferably the user will be able to obtain information about the various components of system management software 22, instrument software 20 or even analysis device 18 through an on-line manual 47. On-line manual 47 includes multi-media content such as video, audio, images and drawings. The content of on-line manual 47 will include information on symptoms, tests, maintenance procedures and service procedures defined in expert system model 44, as well as information generally included in user's manual, such as protocols for operating analysis device 18.
FIG. 6 describes an example of a fault locating session with the expert system software and the instrument software. The analysis device being examined could be the capillary electrophoresis instrument of FIG. 1, for example.
In the first step, shown as “1” on the diagram, a symptom is entered either by the user or automatically by instrument software 20: the lamp light level is low. Hardware monitoring agent 38 then interacts with expert system software 40, sending the symptom as shown in step 2. Expert system software 40 then sends the recommendation to test the lamp by checking to see if the lamp performance is degrading, as shown in step 3. Hardware monitoring agent 38 then interacts with the user through instrument software by requesting the user to test the lamp condition, as shown in step 4. Alternatively, hardware monitoring agent 38 could directly pass the command to instrument software 20.
Instrument software 20 gives the result that the lamp is degrading to hardware monitoring agent 38 as shown in step 5. Hardware monitoring agent 38 then passes the result “FAIL” to expert system software 40 as shown in step 6. Expert system software 40 then identifies the lamp as the faulty unit to hardware monitoring agent 38, as shown in step 7. Hardware monitoring agent 38 then instructs instrument software 20 to display an explanation for the user of how to increase the gain to compensate and correct the problem, as shown in step 8. Alternatively, hardware monitoring agent 38 could directly instruct instrument software 20 to increase the gain. Optionally, the user could also be warned that a new lamp should be ordered soon. Preferably, the order is placed automatically.
In a preferred embodiment, the system of the present invention includes one or more user databases which are accessible through the system management software by the user, as shown in FIG. 7. These databases can include, but are not limited to, the following types of databases. A user feedback database 50 will include any complaints by the user, information on the performance of new products after review by the user, any new features or products which have been requested by the user, and any other comments the user might have. A service database 52 would contain information on all service activities performed under the system of the present invention, including those performed by service personnel and those performed directly by the hardware monitoring agent. An application specific database 54 will contain scientific information for each application or type of analysis performed on the analysis device. All user databases could be implemented using such software as Lotus Notes.
In another preferred embodiment, the system of the present invention includes an upgrade manager as shown in FIG. 8. An upgrade manager 56 is accessible to the user through user interface 36 as shown. Upgrade manager 56 can be manually controlled by the user, or can automatically or semi-automatically perform its functions. One function of upgrade manager 56 is to receive any updated information about analysis device 18, such as the amount of a particular reagent which should be added to the sample for analysis. This updated information is received from a kit update device 58. A software release device 60 can also give the latest upgraded software, or any new software, to upgrade manager 56. Upgrade manager 56 can then download the updated information or software to instrument software 20.
It will be appreciated that the above descriptions are intended only to serve as examples, that many other embodiments are possible within the spirit and the scope of the present invention.
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|U.S. Classification||702/183, 340/641|
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|Sep 17, 1998||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ROSENBLUM, RAFI;SHOHAT, SHAUL;FISH, RAKEFET;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:009460/0061;SIGNING DATES FROM 19980811 TO 19980821
|Dec 21, 2006||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 23, 2010||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Dec 21, 2014||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12


Master plan and design services were provided for the new 400-acre university campus, designed to accommodate a student body of 20,000. Native limestone with granite and marble accents establishes a campus architectural vernacular; the campus buildings total 4,500,000 SF. Completed in phases, the first buildings will include 823,665 SF and were designed to meet the specific needs of the following disciplines: Architecture, Business, Engineering, Liberal Arts, Media, and Science. Central Administration, dining halls, residence halls, and the Physical Plant Administration/Maintenance Buildings capitalize on efficiency and effectiveness. Currently, a new health sciences campus is being designed by Morris adjacent to the central campus.
Tan Tao University Campus Master Plan
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Tan Tao University


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Risultati immagini per watercolor sunset water

domain: painting


Traffic disruptions and lane restrictions will occur near 411 Wellington Main Street from Monday, May 2 until Wednesday, May 6.
- The disruptions will occur between the hours of 7 am and 7 pm, Monday-Wednesday.
- A contractor will be on site performing a sanitary sewer connection in the roadway.
- As the roadway will be temporarily removed, traffic delays and the closure of one lane will occur with traffic control in place.
- Noise levels will be elevated for the duration of the work.
- After the initial connection is complete, minor delays of approximately 10 minutes may occur in the morning and/or afternoon until on-site sanitary works are complete. Traffic control will be in place during these times.
- For more information, contact the County of Prince Edward at 613.476.2148 extension 1023, 613.962.9108 extension 1023, or email@example.com.
Please note: The County of Prince Edward provides this information as a service to the general public. While we do our best to provide accurate information, construction projects and associated service disruptions are subject to change based on weather, road, traffic, and other uncontrollable conditions.


1 year ago
The Chernobyl Truth - March 24th, 2022
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Phil takes a much closer look at the Nuclear Power Plant in Chernobyl, exposing a massive tunnel system under Ukraine, and the real reason Chernobyl has been "off limits" for decades.
New to Phil? go to www.philgodlewski.live to view past videos, subscribe for memberships, and follow on all platforms.
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Akinci spoke of a Russian drone – unofficially it is linked to the Israeli attack on Homs
By Michalis Michael
A major explosion occurred Monday morning at Pentadactyl, which was felt in Larnaca, with citizens from both Nicosia and Larnaca flooding the Police Call Centers by telephone. The explosion occurred around 1 am and resulted in a fire. The Turkish Cypriot leader, Mustafa Akinci, who rushed to the spot, spoke of a Russian flying object that fell down and caused the explosion.
For his part, however, Kudret Ozersay, the so called “foreign minister” of the pseudo state, said it was not an ship. “We went to the tent near the village of Tashkent and examined the pieces found in the area after the explosion. The first findings show that the object that caused the explosion was either an aircraft carrying explosives, or a missile. The letters in the pieces are enough to help us understand what happened soon. There are no injuries or casualties. The fire is under control”, he wrote on social networks.
Unofficial information highlights the possibility that the explosion may be linked to the Israeli missile attack launched against Syria and specifically the city Homs. However, the authorities of the occupied territories have evacuated some of the houses in the area of Dikomo that have been damaged by the debris. There were no injuries.
In his statements in the morning in the third program of the RIK, Government Spokesman Prodromos Prodromou reported on the incident that “contacts are taking place. So far there is no confirmed secure information. It’s only what is transmitted from the occupied territories. We will have to wait. It is a reminder of how fragile the situation in our region is. Let’s hope it is an isolated incident.”/ibna

domain: news


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DESTIN — The city of Destin announced Tuesday it would be closing restrooms at four city parks until further notice due to freezing cold temperatures.
The parks are June White Decker, Shores at Crystal Beach, Clement Taylor and the Joe’s Bayou boat launch.
The city is shutting off water to the facilities to prevent freezing pipes, according to city spokesman Doug Rainer.
A hard freeze warning was issued for Northwest Florida, including Destin, by the National Weather Service on Tuesday. Temperatures are expected to dip into the 20s overnight Tuesday and Wednesday, with a wintry mix possible early Wednesday morning. The hard freeze warning is in effect until Thursday at 9 a.m.


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Tick-borne diseases are gaining popularity in recent times; the awareness of people in the matter of examining themselves and controlling their own health is also growing. Hence, such a large number of people who are diagnosed with Lyme disease - at different stages of course.
Lyme disease - origin
Tick-borne diseases are transmitted by ticks that feed on the pathogens of these diseases by eating blood. Checking warm and humid places on the body in addition to general visual inspection after every major walk is very important - unfortunately, now a tick can be caught even in the city.
One of the most serious and common tick diseases of the present day is Lyme disease. Its frequency index is constantly increasing; In Poland, the majority of cases have been observed in Podlasie, where there is a large number of natural sites and considerable afforestation.
Lyme disease is a chronic and multiform disease; it has many characters. It’s caused by Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete, Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria enter the body with tick’s saliva or vomit. The infection occurs after a day or two since catching the tick, so it is very important to remove it as soon as possible. Bacteria adapt very rapidly to environmental conditions (i.e. to the human body) and are able to survive in latent form for very long - then there are no symptoms of the disease. In this form the bacteria is resistant to antibiotics - it has no cell wall that these antibiotics could destroy.
Some spirochetes also have the ability to go into various forms, and consequently - cause recurrences and exacerbations of the disease. In addition, spirochetes have a long growing period. This is why fighting them takes so long (4 weeks minimum). When the human body attacks spirochetes, it surrounds the host cell membrane, making it unrecognizable for the immune system - the body is unable to defend itself against them.
Lyme disease, as I mentioned above, is a multifactor disease - it may be asymptomatic, cause skin symptoms (so called erythema) or occupy the internal organs. These symptoms may appear after 2 days of infection as well as also after 4 weeks - each of them is different.
In the description of the disease distinguishes the division into 3 phases.
Phase one, i.e. early, from 3 to 40 days after the infection, where the spot of the so-called Erythema Migrans Rash appears. It usually has a diameter greater than 5 cm, which makes it stand out and does not look like a normal allergic reaction.
It is usually accompanied by flu-like symptoms, itching or burning.
Phase two, or early spread, develops later - from a few weeks to months after the infection - and is the result of the spirochetes spread through the blood to various organs. The most common manifestations are arthritis, neurological disorders and cardiac problems.
Phase three, or late (chronic), has survived a form of infection that develops over the years. It can affect all organs, skin and manifest in the form of encephalitis and meningitis.
It can also cause psychic symptoms. This is the worst diagnosis, especially after treatment with antibiotics, while still active.
Quite undesirable, but often an addiction to Lyme disease are other diseases - coinfection. There may be, for example, typhoid encephalitis, Q fever, tularemia, bartonelosis, bubolus or human granulocyte anaplasmosis. I will not delve into the descriptions of these ailments.
Treatment of these diseases is difficult, and symptoms are quite severe, so it is also worth to investigate with suspicion Lyme disease.
The most widely used treatment is antibiotic treatment, lasting from several weeks up to several months. There is no universal antibiotic for this disease, so it is usually chosen individually, with the intention of changing the drug to another.
Alternative therapies can be, for example, ozone therapy, which is becoming more and more popular among people after antibiotics, whose health has not improved and treatment has brought many side effects with it.
It’s the long-term treatment with antibiotics that has many side effects, often more serious or symptomatic than Lyme disease itself. Therefore, the cure is worth combining with natural therapy - not only to fight the disease, but also to stabilize the body and replenish the deficiency. The treatment should be holistic - taking herbs to fight the spirochete of Lyme disease is not the most important. It is more important to regulate the whole organism, to support it in the fight against disease and to protect against the often inevitable negative effects of treatment.
Antibiotics to kill spirochetes also destroy these good bacteria that colonize the intestine, so the primary issue with Lyme disease is to rebuild and support immunity. After antibiotic treatment, the intestine becomes sterile, free of positive bacteria that regulate immunity and intestinal permeability. Additionally, the immune system, which wants to fight the disease, is also weakened after some time by continuous fighting; this often involves the autoimmune reaction of the body when it attacks itself. From this it follows that the body is severely devastated, devoid of natural barriers and exposed to all infections and viruses.
The first step should be the selection of suitable probiotic bacteria to colonize our intestines and rebuild the appropriate microbiotics and modulation of immunity.
It is believed that probiotic bacteria have several functional properties, including stimulation of the immune system. Probiotics are designed to increase non-specific cellular immune responses that are characterized by macrophage activation, NK (Natural Killer) cells, and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
The first major bacterium is L. paracasei (http://www.probion.com/files/2012/01/TM_Lpc-37_June2010.pdf ).
It was tested for its ability to stabilize intestinal microbiotics during and after antibiotic therapy; In human studies, it has been observed that this type of bacteria reduces intestinal problems caused by antibiotics and stabilizes the overall bacterial image. For this, the bacteria supported the behavior and development of Bifidobacterium at a much higher level than in the placebo group. Its effect on the immune system has also been assessed. In vitro, L. paracasei induces interleukin IL-10, IL-12, (TNF) -α and (IFN) -γ, which in turn induces the immune system to shift in the direction of Th1 arm, which plays a key role in suppressing the development of tumors, viruses and violent reactions to allergies.
Another bacterial species is Lactobacillus acidophilus (http://www.nature.com/icb/journal/v78/n1/abs/icb200012a.html ), which is linked in Bifidobacterium spp. studies. It has been shown to rebuild intestinal microbicide after antibiotics treatment. In addition, it contributes to the production of butyric acid which regenerates the enterocytes. Lactobacillus acidophilus activity was evaluated as inhibiting pathogen binding in intestinal lumen and contributing to their excretion.
Additionally, Bifidobacterium (some types) raise the level of IgA, which is immonoglobulin standing first mucosal resistance.
The results show that probiotics have a beneficial effect on regulation of immune responses, especially in promoting Th1 response.
Lactobacillus reuteri works to rebuild intestinal microflora and inhibit the growth and development of pathogenic bacteria, and therefore plays an important role in the supplementation of microbiotics and the regeneration of the intestinal mucosa. L. reuteri also has an immunomodulatory effect confirmed by research.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus is also a recognized type of bacteria by the scientific world. It has been shown that these bacteria inhibit the growth of bacteria harmful to the body such as E. coli. They also adhere to intestinal epithelial cells, intestinal mucosa and gastric mucin, thereby stimulating antibacterial activity against pathogens (eg against Salmonella) and form a general barrier in these places.
Streptococcus, or another intestinal microbial species, has also been tested for immunomodulation. S. thermophilus produced the highest anti-inflammatory cytokine response, best in combination with Lactobacillus bacteria.
It’s advisable to select multi-slice formulas that are tested for the number of bacteria that are suitably selected and well described.
Another substance to watch for is lactoferrin. It is a component of the colostrum, the natural secretion of mammals that is found in milk up to a few days after birth. Lactoferrin builds immunity and activates the immune response. It has also been screened for antibacterial activity and has demonstrated the ability to combat the development of inappropriate bacteria - it’s worth remembering about the sterile intestines after antibiotics where the wrong bacteria are willing to nest.
Vitamin D plays a very important role in immunity. Receptors of this vitamin are present in many types of cells, especially immune cells. In vitro data show that in addition to modulating innate immune cells, vitamin D promotes a more tolerant immune state. In practice, this implies the development of immune tolerance in the event of a pathological or undesired activation of the natural immune response. In vivo animal studies and supplemental vitamin D studies have shown beneficial effects on the immune system, especially in the context of autoimmunity, which often occurs with Lyme disease.
Supplementation for Lyme disease
Closing the topic of immunity, we can move on, still on the issue of supporting the body. Borrelia as a source of energy for life use collagen, soften cartilage tissue and draw nutrients from it.
That is why it is essential to supplement these deficiencies and stimulate collagen synthesis and tissue reconstruction.
Useful for this task will definitely be a zinc that can support bone formation processes
by stimulating cell proliferation (regeneration), alkaline phosphatase activity, and collagen synthesis in osteoblastic cells that build bones.
Selenium has also been linked to better bone density and mineralization.
Also great for vitamin C - it is a support for collagen synthesis as it prevents the deactivation of two key enzymes in collagen biosynthesis.
In addition, according to the salt / witC protocol, salt (good quality) can be used in combination with vitamin C. http://www.stopthelymelies.com/stll-blog/1
Increased amount of vitamin C and salt causes osmotic shock in spirochetes; The salt also extracts water from the cells, leaving them dry and dead.
Antimicrobial therapy is recommended for the support of antibiotic therapy, i.e. treatment with herbs. In most patients this is a surprisingly good result, making such therapy the basis for recognizing natural methods to be effective in the fight against Lyme disease.
The first plant considered effective in the fight against spirochetes is this brew, or more specifically, its extract. Research has focused on isolating the extract with different extractors to see when it retains the best activity when tested on humans.
The strongest properties were extracted with ethyl acetate, which, after 95% application, inhibited the growth and multiplication of bacteria from the first day of treatment to the last day of the study. It is worth to pay attention to buy just the extract - he showed such activity, not the plant itself.
Another good support in the fight against disease is grapefruit seed extract. In vitro studies have shown that the extract is a potent anti-sperm antibacterial agent and Borella's cysts when used in appropriate concentrations. The study showed that mobile bacteria disappeared when the extract was administered at a concentration of 0.041% and at a concentration of 0.165% the bacteria were completely dissolved or degenerated. There was also cystic breakage or distortion - all depending on the concentration. Even a short administration of grapefruit seed extract has had an effective effect on the active and covered Borrelia spirochetes. The mechanism of antibacterial action of EzPG consists in interfering with the bacterial membrane and releasing the cytoplasm.
The extract was also effective against pathogenic bacteria, but did not affect intestinal microflora.
The dose should be appropriately selected, as it is conjectured that higher concentrations may be harmful in higher concentrations.
Subsequent substances tested for efficacy in the treatment of Lyme disease are Cats Claw (Vilcacora) and Otoba parvifolia (Nutshell Tree). Two-plant extracts were tested in vitro for efficacy against active and inactive Borrelia spore molds. Used in this combination showed a significant destructive effect on all forms. For extracts from these herbs used individually, 1: 400 dilution was most effective in eliminating vertebrae. The best combination, at a 1: 300 dilution, had the greatest impact on the appearance and decreased in size of the tortoise structure.
The last tested compound is the Steva rebaudiana extract. The team reported on the effectiveness of this statement against all forms of Borrelia. The researchers noted that after 14-day use, the spirochetes most often did not grow back, and if this was the case, then it was only 10% of reviving spirochetes. Also about 40% efficiency in biofilm reduction on damaged surfaces was also shown.
In addition, B vitamins, serraptase (bacterial-free enzyme), wild cherry, grape seed, apricot and anise extract also have bacteriostatic effects - unfortunately, few of them were effective against Borrell's lethal form. This just shows how difficult it is to fight this disease, because even antibiotics are not always effective on its hidden forms. That is why it is so important to combine conventional therapy with phytotherapy. The grape seed extract showed protective and anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties, as did the extract of wild grapes and apricot seeds. Serraptase in combination with kelp was effective against biofilm elimination.
From other alternative sources of treatment, it may be effective to:
- Sarsaparilla is antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant,
- Andrographis extract - antibacterial, also provides better liver function,
- Resveratrol - has a bacteriostatic / bactericidal effect on Borelliosis (efficacy of about 30-50%),
- Echinacea - acts antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and strengthens the immune system,
- Osteoporosis - secures nerve tissue from endotoxins, relieves inflammatory reactions, inhibits the development of co-infection, and protects the cells of the blood vessels.
The final issue closing the topic of treatment is to point out that during the course of treatment Borrelia spirochete is specifically targeted - often neurotoxin cleansing therapy is often neglected. Neurotoxins are released during the killing of bacteria and can circulate in the body and cause inflammation, manifesting as muscle and bone pain, neurological and endocrine problems.
Nettle brew (or nettle extract) will work diuretically, which will result in faster removal of toxins from the body. In addition, nettle is also examined for anti-inflammatory - in this case it is a 2in1 situation, when apart from the biotraperation of toxic compounds, anti-inflammatory action is also observed, also needed throughout the therapy.
Field horsemeat also has anti-inflammatory and cleansing properties. In addition, it is a powerful antioxidant, so it will be useful for fighting inflammation and free radicals.
The substance to look out for is Sylimarin - extract of milk thistle. The liver responsible for detoxification and treatment may require external support, which should provide silymarin (which works very well with other supplements). In chronic diseases related to oxidative stress (alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease), silymarin has been shown to have beneficial effects on hepatocyte regeneration and antioxidant activity. It also decreased inflammatory responses and inhibited the development of fibrosis in the liver.
It is also important to pay attention to supplements containing herbal complexes, because they work best and each substance supports all others, thereby increasing the effectiveness of therapy.
Make sure you have a proper diet so that the cure makes sense. It is essential to eliminate processed products, junk food, sweets, sweet drinks, etc. It is important to include good quality meat in the diet and vegetables and fruits from unbaked crops. Dairy products (especially wheat), dairy products (cow's, but also can cause allergic reactions) and sugar in all forms (plain, cane, glucose syrup, fructose and all) are equally important. Deepening of inflammatory conditions and detoxification problems, but they can also affect the weakened body and increase the risk of gastrointestinal candidiasis, which unfortunately often accompanies Borrelia infections. The "anti-inflammatory" diet will support and calm the body, and - most importantly - will not provide ingredients that stimulate the immune system to be treated during treatment.
As you can see, the treatment of Lyme disease is not a quick and easy matter, so it’s worth it to combine all types of treatment - from classic, modern intestinal nutritionist to alternative herbal solutions and - sure! - appropriately selected diet. It is also important to pay attention to the shortcomings - unfortunately with this disease and neurotoxins, vitamins and minerals are bound or used in increased amounts. Surely a good support will be provided by the complex of vitamins in the right form; If for someone to be more comfortable, you can also buy vitamins separately.
Also take care of other aspects of life - adequate sleep, providing us with the regeneration and silence of inflammation; Sometimes it is also necessary to eliminate physical activity causing extensive inflammation (DOMS). The basis is to reduce the stress that contributes to the development of inflammation - it can often be related even to quitting a job or ending a toxic relationship.
It is a disease that is often devastating, chronic, covering many areas - so it is worthwhile to devote a certain period of your life to regulating your body condition and for the rest of your life to enjoy health.
Introduction to Lyme disease:

domain: medical


Bitumen upgrading is the chemical treatment of bitumen that is used in an attempt to increase its value by creating a substitute for high quality crude oil, known as a synthetic crude oil. Generally this involves reducing the viscosity of the bitumen to allow for shipment. This process allows the bitumen to be processed into fuels at existing refineries which would otherwise be incapable of dealing with the untreated bitumen.
Through a series of different chemical processes it is possible to make low-quality, thick bitumen into a higher quality synthetic crude oil. The first step is the removal of naturally occurring light components while also recovering the diluent used to transport the bitumen. This procedure occurs in a diluent recovery unit. These operate similarly to a fractional distillation tower in the way they separate these components out.
From here, the light gas oils that were removed are sent to hydrotreaters and the diluent is recycled. The next step involves the vacuum distillation of the leftover bitumen component in a vacuum distillation unit. This unit removes the rest of the gas oils and sends them to the hydrotreaters. The leftover heavy components from the vacuum distillation unit are sent to conversion units.
Next, the bitumen travels to a conversion unit. Two common conversion units are fluid cokers and hydrocrackers. The processes in this step are performed on large molecules that will not distill, sometimes called "residue". Fluid cokers break up long chain bitumen molecules into more valuable short chain molecules through a thermal conversion. These short chain molecules can include heavy gas oil, light gas oil, and naphtha. This process of breaking complex hydrocarbon chains is known as coking. The hydrocracker uses a catalyst and hydrogen to convert bitumen into more useful gas oils and naphtha.
Once these smaller chain, useful molecules are obtained they undergo hydrotreating before they are mixed into synthetic crude oil. This hydrotreating removes sulfur and nitrogen, replacing it with hydrogen. The intermediate naphtha and gas oil products are pumped into hydrotreater units that operate at high temperatures. These use catalytic reactors to remove the impurities, resulting in a crude oil blend of naphtha, light gas oil, and heavy gas oil


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Joaquin Rafael Phoenix
28th October 1974
American, Puerto Rican
Hollywood Hills, California
Joaquin Rafael Phoenix is an American actor and producer. Born in San Juan, Puerto Rico to American parents, he performed at various talent contests with his four siblings to provide food and financial support for their family.
They were eventually discovered by Iris Burton, one of Hollywood’s leading children’s agents. The Phoenix siblings went on to do commercials and television show appearances.
Joaquin made his debut with his older brother River in the 1982 episode “Christmas Song” of the television series “Seven Brides for Seven Brothers”.
His first major role was in the ABC Afterschool Special “Backwards: The Riddle of Dyslexia” in 1984 with River.
He acted in many television shows and films during his childhood and teen years, including his theatrical film debut as Max in SpaceCamp (1986), Russkies (1987), and Parenthood (1989).
“Parenthood” was well received by critics and the film grossed $126 million worldwide. This earned Joaquin a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film.
Joaquin decided to take a break from acting and travelled to Mexico and South America with his father after he became established as a child actor.
On Halloween 1993, Joaquin and his older sister Rain accompanied River to The Viper Room, a West Hollywood nightclub which was popular amongst young Hollywood elites.
River suffered from a severe seizure after an overdose of drugs. Joaquin called 911, seeking help for his dying brother. After River’s death, the 911 call was repeatedly broadcast on radio shows and television. This led to the Phoenix family’s retreat from the public eye.
Return To Acting
When Phoenix made a comeback in the movie industry, he played small supporting roles as dark, insecure, and conflicted characters.
Notable films that he starred in included “To Die For” in 1995, which grossed $21 million and U Turn (1997), Inventing the Abbotts (1997), and Clay Pigeons (1998), neither of which were financial or critical successes.
His next film 8mm (1999) did well in the box office, grossing $96 million worldwide but was not praised by many critics.
The start of the new millennium was also a huge turning point in Phoenix’s career. Gladiator (2000) grossed $457 million worldwide, making it one of the highest earning films of that year.
The film won the Academy Award for Best Picture and Joaquin’s character, Commodus, earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor, a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture, a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role, and a BAFTA nomination for Best Supporting Actor.
Joaquin went on to star in other successful films, including Quills (2000), which received three Academy Award nominations, Buffalo Soldiers (2001), Signs (2002), The Village (2004), and Hotel Rwanda (2004).
In 2005, Phoenix played Johnny Cash in the biopic, Walk the Line. The vocal tracks in the film were all played an sung by Joaquin.
This won him his first Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media and also the Golden Globe for Best Actor – Motion Picture or Comedy.
Her and Joker
In 2013, Joaquin starred in the romantic sci-fi drama, Her, alongside Scarlett Johansson, Amy Adams, and Rooney Mara.
The film grossed $47 million worldwide and received a lot of critical acclaim. Phoenix received his fourth Golden Globe nomination.
In 2019, he played his most successful and praised character yet. Joaquin played The Joker in the neo-noir psychological thriller Joker, which grossed $1 billion. His acting has been compared to that of Heath Ledger, who played Joker in The Dark Knight (2008).
His performance was emotional and powerful, receiving praise from audiences and critics worldwide.
Phoenix won his first Academy Award for Best Actor, his first BAFTA award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, his second Golden Globe for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, and the Screen Guilds Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role.

domain: movie


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When we were little, my sister and I loved catching fireflies in empty, washed out peanut butter jars. Gram poked air holes in the lid of each jar and reminded us to pick some damp grass so the lightning bugs, as we called them, had a place to rest and something to eat and drink. Shortly after dark, much like the children in the video below, we’d wander through the yard chasing lightning bug flashes that seemingly floated in air.
My sister and I had a little more practice than these youngsters. We usually caught quite a few bugs, and once we had our fill, we’d screw the lid on tight and place the flashing jars on our nightstand so we could fall asleep watching the light show. In the morning Gram reminded us to set our catch free so the lightning bugs could do what lightning bug do – Gram was very practical.
New England has 20 to 30 different species of fireflies – actually they’re beetles – but only three groups (genera) that flash. While scientists understand why fireflies flash – to attract mates – what causes the flash, and how different types of fireflies have different flash colors and patterns; they have yet to figure out just how human and environmental factors impact these beacons of the night.
To remedy this, folks at the Museum of Science in Boston set up Firefly Watch, a citizen scientist project that tallies findings from volunteer ‘watchers’ so real scientists can track firefly populations in lawns, fields, and wooded areas. They hope to learn more about how lawn fertilizers, pesticides, or mowing practices; streetlights and houselights; or nearby water sources impact firefly populations. Over time they will be able to use these data to determine if firefly numbers are declining.
To volunteer, simply choose an appropriate viewing location, fill out once-weekly observation sheets, and post these using online tools according to the instructions provided online … it sounds like a great summertime project for kids. But, if you don’t choose to be a firefly watcher, it’s still worthwhile to read firefly facts. I was happy to learn that catch-lightning-bugs-in-a-jar games are not inherently harmful to fireflies.
When I’m able to encourage my grandchildren to play the catch-fireflies-game I’ll change just two things from methods my sister and I used – each jar will be clear plastic, include a damp paper towel so the fireflies don’t dry out; and the kids and I will agree, before catching commences, that all fireflies will remain in the jar only until little ones fall asleep.
I have already spotted a few fireflies in my Connecticut gardens … how about you?

domain: biology


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INSPIRATION: Karen Elson
As far as redheads go, there are few I find sexier than Karen Elson. Perhaps it’s the hyper-vibrant fire engine red mane, or the sky blue eyes. Maybe it’s her pale skin that contrasts so beautifully against the red of her hair (reminding me of a character out of Twilight) or those uncharacteristically thin and undefined eyebrows that give her an other-worldly facade. Whatever it is, I can’t quite put my finger on it, but it’s not classic beauty yet I’m totally drawn to it.
Karen Elson most definitely has a face for makeup. The high cheek bones, wide set eyes and heavy lids (ideal for covering in shadow), full pout, flawless complexion…. it’s all so theatrical, which makes her very fun to look at. And a great palette to paint. She goes from feminine to vixen with a few coats of lipstick and, like her redhead predecessors, Karen uses her hair like a fabulous accessory: it is the centerpiece of her style.
But, alas, it always comes back to the hair. Those unruly, ginger locks that really set her apart from the millions of other girls out in the world.
Here, some of my favorite beauty images of Karen Elson:

domain: artistic


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When you play online slot games, many advantages are associated with them. Online slot games allow you to play for virtual money and easily switch between various types. The best part is that online slot machines allow you to make real money too. But there are a few things you need to know before you begin. Here are some of them. Have fun! We’ll be covering Pay lines, Variance, and the Random Number Generator.
You’ll probably see different paylines when you play online slot machines. These are the paths which pay out when symbols cross them. They can be straight, zigzag or diagonal. You can bet on as many paylines you’d like. This can have a significant impact on your bankroll, winnings, and your enjoyment. However, before you begin playing, ensure you know the specifics of what they are and which ones to avoid.
Modern slot machines run on computer software and can have as many as hundreds of paylines. Most of these machines only have one horizontal or vertical payline, however some have up to 100! This will help you make the most of your bets, and give you the greatest chances of winning. Additionally, more paylines mean greater chances of finding an winning combination. Additionally, these kinds of slots offer different strategies to direct paylines, which can increase the chances of hitting the winning combination.
If you like the idea of playing slots and winning big then you must take a look at bonus games available on online slot machines. These bonus rounds can offer you more chances of winning and sometimes even payoffs. Bonus games are typically awarded when certain symbols appear on the reels. They last only some time before returning to the main game. There are many types of bonus games. Some are accompanied by complex video graphics and require a certain level of skill. Some are completely random. Online slot machines have bonus games that are able to create video games with complex gameplay and storylines.
Typically, these games will give you free spins when you land three or more bonus symbols. You can increase your winnings with free spins. Bonus rounds can also provide additional prizes. In some games, you could win multipliers or sticky wilds, so it’s a good idea to check the terms and conditions before playing. Slot machines online offer bonus games that are inspired by TV shows and books, including free spins.
Random number generator
The part that determines whether spins succeed or fail is known as the random number generator (or RNG betfun). The RNG ensures that every spin has a chance of winning or losing. It is a mathematical procedure which uses a microprocessor that is similar to the one found in a personal computer. It creates a random set of numbers in a fraction of one second regardless of how the machine is played.
There aren’t any methods to beat randomness created by random number generators. However there are steps you can take to increase your chances of winning. First, you must always be willing to play the odds. Also, use an RNG that is new otherwise you’ll lose. This will ensure that the RNG is not manipulated by the casino. By maintaining fresh slots, you can increase your chances of winning without taking a risk with your bankroll.
One of the most important aspects to consider when choosing an online casino is the variance of its slot games. The volatility of games refers to the frequency and the size of payouts. There are three levels of variance which include low, medium, and high variance slot machines. Low-variance slots have greater odds of winning, but lower jackpots. They can be anywhere from 250 to 500x your stake. They also have higher payout rates which makes them more attractive to players than high-variance games.
A slot with a low-variance rating is one with a low chance of winning. The high-variance variant is exactly the opposite. While a high-variance slot offers greater odds of paying out winning combinations than a low-variance slot however, it’s not worth relying on its odds of winning the jackpot. In addition, no online slot game declares its winnings spins making finding the probability of winning pelican casino 15 € no deposit in an online slot game a challenging task.
Free spins are a bonus feature available on slot machines that the player can use to increase their winnings. They are offered by the developer or casino and may have a fixed value of zero to five credits. If you are looking to increase your winnings you should choose spin bonuses that have a higher value. The idea of free spins has evolved over time. Learn how to make the most of them to increase your winnings.
You need an internet connection in order to play free spins. Casinos online provide mobile versions of their games so that players can play games on their smartphones and tablets. This is a trend that is growing that many casinos are responding to. Regardless of your preferred mobile device, make sure to download mobile casino apps to enjoy your favorite free spins. These games can be played on your tablet or mobile phone provided you have an internet connection and an encrypted connection.
Many progressive jackpots on online slot machines are paid in installments over a period of time. The method of payment relies on the casino and the software provider. While smaller jackpots are typically paid out in small amounts, larger ones can be paid out in lump amounts. Mega Moolah is the most well-known progressive jackpot. It is offered as a single payment. Alongside a massive novelty check the jackpot can also be won in multiple games.
The fundamental idea behind a progressive jackpot is to have a substantial prize pool that grows by a small amount each time you play. The size of the jackpot is determined by the house, but the machine will display its prize amount in a prominent manner. If a player does not win, the jackpot will automatically be reset to the minimum amount. This incentive encourages more players to continue playing. The chance of winning is greater in the event that the jackpot is bigger.

domain: gamble


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Anyone who’s suffered from sleep deprivation has likely experienced some negative effects the next day. Tiredness, fatigue, and an inability to focus are just a few of them (Watson, 2021). These issues could make anyone’s day challenging, but for those who struggle with insomnia, they can be a regular occurrence. Thomas Roth (2007) at The Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine defines insomnia as difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. Roth adds that “approximately 30% of a variety of adult samples drawn from different countries report one or more of the symptoms of insomnia.” Eric Suni (2022) of the Sleep Foundation adds that this rate can vary among different groups, including the elderly, pregnant women, and teens. With different risk factors, treatments, and psychophysiological effects, insomnia is an issue that affects the world in more ways than one might think.
Juarez, Orli, "Insomnia: A Sleep-Stealing Disorder" (2023). Friends of the Adams Library First Year Research Prize. 2.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.

domain: library


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Online casinos offer a lot of bonuses and freebies not only to attract new players but also to keep current members interested to keep coming back and play games for real money. These bonuses are practically free money. They may come as free spins or free credits that players can enjoy. If you’re new to online casinos, you might want to take advantage of these that you can get.
Welcome bonuses are offered to new players to get them to sign up and make their first deposit. These bonuses can come in many different forms, but are usually as a percentage match on the player’s initial deposit. They can be given as free spins or credits that all new players get to enjoy.
No Deposit Bonus
A “no deposit bonus” is commonly given along with the Welcome Bonus. This type of bonus can be enjoyed without requiring them to “deposit” money into their account first. These bonuses might come in the form of free spins or free credits. Once credited to the account, players can instantly use this to play real money games.
Free Spins Bonus
As the name suggests, the free spins bonus gives players a predetermined number of free spins. This can be used on certain slot games. These bonuses are usually included as well in the Welcome package. And sometimes, they are also offered as a stand-alone freebie.
A cashback bonus is an incentive that gives the players back a percentage of their losses. This is given as a cash credit to their account. This bonus offers the player more chances of playing and winning real cash prizes. Overall, it can cut down the player’s overall losses.
New players are not the only ones who enjoy the bonuses. Existing players get some too, like the Reload Bonus. Players are eligible to get this if they make a deposit at the casino after their initial deposit. These bonuses can come from a match of the player’s deposit but only up to a certain amount. It can also be offered as a set number of free spins on a particular slot game.
The loyalty bonus is given out by online casinos to players who are loyal to them. Those high rollers or who have been a member of the casino for a certain period of time can get free spins, cashback, and other VIP perks and exclusive promotions.
Importance of Bankroll Management In Slots
The keluaran sgp hari ini live tercepat so players must know how to smartly use their bonuses. Even with bonuses and freebies, players must learn how to properly manage their bankrolls. They should set and stick to a certain spending budget. This can reduce the likelihood of chasing after a loss.
Remember that casino gaming is meant to be fun and should not give you any stress. With the right mindset, players can have fun with online slots and improve their chances of winning. Online casinos try to attract and keep players by offering bonuses. Take advantage of these offers to increase your chances of winning and have more fun playing.


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Ephesus & Surrounding Highlights Tour
Over the centuries the great ancient city of Ephesus, located on Turkey’s western coast, has been ruled by a succession of empires including Greek, Persian, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman. Yet, no matter how many times it changed hands, the city remained one of the most vibrant cities of the ancient world.
There isn’t a lot of written information at the ruins, so we recommend you visit with a guide to learn all the history, culture and interesting facts about how Ephesians lived.
Price: 45€ pp Book Now!
Ephesus Daily Tour Schedule
Drop off times to your accommodation: In Kusadasi 17.30pm, in Selcuk 17.00pm.
What does the tour include?
Professional guide with you all day
Temple of Artemis – one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
All transportation in an air-conditioned vehicle (of course)
Price: 45€ pp
Here is a list of Hotels near Ephesus.

domain: travel


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The acting Comptroller General of Immigration (ACGI) Isah Jere Idris has ordered an investigation into allegations that a personnel of the Service, Mr. Babangida Tanko, is involved in employment racketeering.
A statement by Amos Okpu, Assistant Comptroller of Immigration, Service Public Relations Officer, said that Babangida Tanko, who is said to have claimed to be an aide to the Minister of Interior Ogbeni Rauf Aregbesola and who allegedly collected sums of money from unsuspecting members of the public with the promise of securing job placements for them into the Service, “is not an aide to the Minister of Interior and so the alleged actions do not represent what the Service or Ministry stands for.”
The statement stressed that Mr. Idris has ordered the investigation into the allegation against Babangida Tanko “with a view to unraveling his level of culpability for necessary disciplinary actions.”
The Acting CGI said further that “recruitment exercises into the Service are usually publicized in the media including the Service’s website,” stressing that “interested applicants are required to apply via a dedicated online platform and due selection processes including computer-based examination and physical screening conducted before successful candidates are formally notified.”
He, therefore warned members of the public “to discountenance any promises for job placements into the Service by anyone to avoid being swindled by criminal elements who are out there to deceive unsuspecting members of the public.”

domain: politics


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Immunogenicity is one of the key issues in the development of recombinant protein drugs. Recom-
binant protein medications can cause unwanted immune responses to the patient being treated,
and this reaction is not only threatening the patient's life, but can also have a variety of effects on
the treatment. These immunological reactions are complex, and in addition to producing antibodies,
potential side effects from reactions such as T cell activation or innate immune response activation
can occur. For this reason, the Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) also provides
guidelines and regulations on immunogenicity. The immunogenicity induction is indicated by the protein sequence and structure. If immunogenicity occurs at the clinical stage without confirmation at the early stage of the development of the recombinant protein drug, problems may arise that must be developed from the initial stage of development of the recombinant protein drug. Identifying immunogenicity early in the development of protein drugs is an important factor that not only increases the effectiveness of drug development, but also determines the success of drug development.

domain: chemistry


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Le Programme de recherche en collaboration (PRC) appelle aux candidatures pour l'octroi de bourses de recherche et le parrainage (financement) de conférences en 2018. Le PRC apporte son soutien aux travaux de recherche sur l'utilisation durable des ressources naturelles dans le domaine de l'agriculture, des forêts, des pêcheries et de la production alimentaire.
The tax burden on labour income is expressed by the tax wedge, which is a measure of the net tax burden on labour income borne by the employee and the employer.
English, PDF, 418kb
Switzerland had the 32nd lowest tax wedge among the 35 OECD member countries in 2016. The country had the 31st lowest position in 2015. The average single worker in Switzerland faced a tax wedge of 21.8% in 2016 compared with the OECD average of 36.0%.
These country specific notes provide figures and commentary from the Taxation and Skills publication that examines how tax policy can encourage skills development in OECD countries.
There are now 45 Adherents to the 2009 OECD Declaration on Green Growth. Georgia has joined Costa Rica, Colombia, Croatia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Morocco, Peru, Tunisia, as well as OECD members in having adhered to the Declaration.
The Secretary-General participated in several sessions of the World Economic Forum on a wide range of policy issues and also held bilateral meetings with a number of Forum participants.
As part of the STI Outlook 2016, the OECD has released policy profiles by country. These include cross-country analyses that draw on the first joint EC-OECD survey on STI policies. They focus on major STI policy areas, instruments and trends.
This country note presents student performance in science, reading and mathematics, and measures equity in education in Switzerland. The interactive charts allow you to compare results with other countries participating in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).
This publication provides detailed country notes on Value Added Tax/Goods and Services Tax (VAT/GST) and excise duty rates in OECD member countries.
This annual publication presents detailed country notes and internationally comparable tax data for all OECD countries from 1965 onwards.

domain: finance


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|"Great breakfast, helpful room service"||(in 30 reviews)|
|"Very friendly and helpful staff."||(in 43 reviews)|
|"Delicious breakfast, beautiful facilities for kids."||(in 41 reviews)|
|"Restaurant and its service is one big tragedy!"||(in 2 reviews)|
|"Air conditioning doesn't work."||(in 5 reviews)|
|"Tram stop outside the hotel"||(in 1 review)|
The modern design of the Novotel Wroclaw Centrum hotel gives it an extraordinary trendy atmosphere. Our guests can enjoy delicious meals at the Novo2 lounge bar and relax after a long day in the fitness center or sauna. The hotel staff are very passionate about their work and aim to make your stay unforgettable. Its modern conference area makes it the ideal place for business meetings. The hotel features 192 rooms with modern facilities and a car park for an additional fee
based on 895 reviews
Policies vary by room type and provider.
Novotel Wroclaw Centrum is located at Powstancow Slaskich 7, 1.5 km from the centre of Wroclaw. Polish Theatre in Wroclaw is the closest landmark to Novotel Wroclaw Centrum.
Check-in time is 14:00 and check-out time is 12:00 at Novotel Wroclaw Centrum.
Yes, Novotel Wroclaw Centrum offers free Wi-Fi.
No, Novotel Wroclaw Centrum does not offer free parking.
No, Novotel Wroclaw Centrum does not offer free airport shuttle service.
Novotel Wroclaw Centrum is 9.7 km from Wroclaw Strachowice. Novotel Wroclaw Centrum is 143.2 km from Zielona Góra.
Yes, Novotel Wroclaw Centrum is a pet-friendly hotel.
No, Novotel Wroclaw Centrum does not have a pool on-site.


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