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domain: gamble


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Nursing has always been an area of interest for the founders as we wanted to highlight the importance of the nursing community within the healthcare industry. Admittedly, NurtureRN wasn’t their first idea on this.
However, COVID-19 got the ball rolling as it has highlighted the challenges faced by healthcare frontliners especially the nurses during the pandemic. The physical presence and the human care being delivered by the nurses was the key element in fighting the pandemic.
The team has decided to take a collective look at the nursing community and the key issue that stood out was the role of international nurses and how it can address not just the immediate challenges faced by the current global healthcare community and for the foreseeable future.
Wanting to have a deeper understanding and appreciation of the mindset of the international nurses, aspirants and the hospitals; the team has conducted several focus-group discussions across the US, the Philippines, Singapore and India.
Hence, NurtureRN was founded to be the most nurse-centric company for the international nursing community and the global healthcare ecosystem. NurtureRN will bring impactful services and products to the international nurses when and where they need it.

domain: topicality


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Statistics for occurrence #1 of “Pytho” in book P., poem 11 of Pindar, Pythian:
... above all and named the Ismenion, true seat of prophecy. Come, children of Harmonia, where even now he calls the native host of heroines to assemble, so that you may loudly sing of holy Themis and Pytho and the just navel of the earth, at the edge of evening, in honor of seven-gated Thebes and the contest at Cirrha, in which Thrasydaeus caused his ancestral hearth to be remembered by flinging over...
|Max. Freq.||Min. Freq.|
|†||Pytho (Greece)||206||16||0||0||0 user votes|
† This entity has been selected by the automated classifier as the most likely match in this context. It may or may not be the correct match.

domain: literature


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One of the main challenges in wireless sensor networks is to maximize network life time and to minimize power consumption. We propose an energy efficient mechanism for selecting active node which involved in sensing operation in a given dense field. This mechanism can reduce the communication cost by decreasing the number of sensing nodes in highly dense area. Our simulation results show that our mechanism reduces the number of transmitted packets the maximum 60% in dense sensing area.
Date of Conference: 26-29 Aug. 2007


Just last week the president had seemed to go all in on a new effort to repeal Obamacare.Bloomberg|Apr 02, 2019, 11.26 PM ISTReuters“Everybody agrees that Obama-Care doesn’t work,” the president said in three tweets Monday night.Washington: President Donald Trump said Republicans would wait until after the 2020 election to hold a vote on a replacement for Obamacare, abruptly halting a push he began just last week and guaranteeing that the issue will take center stage in his re-election campaign.
He made the shift in a series of Twitter posts late Monday night, saying that the “Vote will be taken right after the Election when Republicans hold the Senate & win back the House.”
The posting ended a week-long scramble by GOP lawmakers to come up with an Obamacare alternative after the administration unexpectedly changed its position in a lawsuit by arguing that Obamacare should be entirely struck down. Trump’s Justice Department had previously said that it should be only partly overturned.
A final court ruling in that case is likely to come before June 2020. If Trump wins in court, there could be swift and widespread chaos and uncertainty in American health care at least until an alternative system is put in place as the array of changes to industry regulations, subsidies for low-income individuals and delivery system reforms would be undone.
“Everybody agrees that Obama-Care doesn’t work,” the president said in three tweets Monday night.
“The Republicans are developing a really great HealthCare Plan with far lower premiums (cost) & deductibles than ObamaCare. In other words it will be far less expensive & much more usable than ObamaCare. Vote will be taken right after the Election when Republicans hold the Senate & win back the House.
“It will be truly great HealthCare that will work for America. Also, Republicans will always support Pre-Existing Conditions.” Some lawmakers were critical of Trump’s announcement. “We have to tackle this issue, we can’t run from it just because it’s a political hot potato,” Republican Representative Mark Green of Tennessee said Tuesday on Fox Business News “Mornings With Maria” programme.
Most congressional Republicans, however, are in no mood to return to the battlefield. Although they had fiercely opposed the law since 2010, it gradually became more popular with voters and was considered a chief factor in last November’s Democratic victories that cost the GOP control of the House of Representatives.
In the House elections, health care ranked as the top issue for voters. Those voters preferred Democratic candidates by a striking margin of 75%to 23%, according to exit polls published by CNN. Democrats won 40 seats and captured the majority after eight years.
Also ReadNY Mayor de Blasio criticizes Obama, praises ‘Obamacare’Federal judge rules Obamacare as “unconstitutional”, hands political victory to TrumpMove on Obamacare, here comes Modicare, world’s biggest government-funded schemeHHS cutting way back on funds for ‘Obamacare’ promotionDonald Trump threatens to end Obamacare insurance ‘bailouts’Commenting feature is disabled in your country/region.


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Warrant filed for embezzlement suspect
LAWTON, Okla. (KSWO) - A warrant is out for a Lawton woman accused of stealing over a thousand dollars in items from her work.
Police say Barbara Allen hid two full stacks of lottery cards in early January.
The number of lottery cards totaled $1,200.
She’s charged with one count of embezzlement, with a bond set at 50-thousand dollars.
Copyright 2021 KSWO. All rights reserved.

domain: law


text:
I use score_jd2 to score a pdb structure. But I also want to output the structure.
I try ~/software/Rosetta_3.4/rosetta_source/bin/score_jd2.linuxgccrelease -s 1f0m.pdb -database ~/software/Rosetta_3.4/rosetta_database -out:prefix 1f0m_test -out:output
But I didn't get the structure. I only get the 1f0m_test.sc which contains the energy of the pdb.
I think I have found the reason. I should use score instead of using score_jd2
But the structure output by score has more H atom than original one. Is that will change the energy score? Thank you!
Output: -nooutput don't print PDB structures (default now)
-output force printing of PDB structures
-out:file:silent write silent-out file
-out:prefix myprefix prefix the output structures with a string

domain: physics


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Has Bitcoin (BTC) reached a peak when it jumped by five-fold in the last 12 months? Disruptive technology enthusiasts like Cathie Wood, Elon Musk, and Jack Dorsey believe that we’re still in the early innings of the bitcoin rally.
One thing is for sure: the blockchain revolution has taken the financial industry by storm and created a new way we can transfer value in the future.
Moreover, a growing number of companies have invested in bitcoin as a hedge against currency devaluation. Elon Musk added instant credibility to cryptocurrency by investing Tesla’s $1.5 billion cash in bitcoin. So far, the investment is right on the money with $1 billion in gains. Also, Michael Saylor’s $6 billion software company MicroStrategy bought more than $2 billion in bitcoin last summer.
Adding still more credibility is the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas president saying that bitcoin is “a store of value.”
As a result, star fund manager Cathie Wood said the price of bitcoin will boost by $40,000 if all S&P 500 companies allocate as little as 1% of their cash to bitcoin. Moreover, Wood set a price target of $400,000 for bitcoin because of the surging adoption rate.
“We have been expecting institutions to start moving into Bitcoin and other crypto assets, but primarily bitcoin,” Wood said.
How to Evaluate Bitcoin
Much like stocks, market timing is key to making great profits from investing in fungible digital asset classes.
More critically, investors need to consider new tools and valuation methods for cryptocurrency because traditional methods don’t paint an accurate picture of any cryptocurrency’s value.
Bitcoin’s value relies more on supply and demand, along with the adoption rate. Although not tightly correlated, the global financial environment also plays a factor in valuing bitcoin and other major cryptocurrencies.
The “Three-Layered Pyramid” Method To Value Coins market
Ark Invest analyst Yassine Elmandjra said that “on-chain data” is one of the best ways to analyze Bitcoin. The analyst used a three-layered pyramid to explain the valuation process:
- Active traders: Traders who want to make profits from the short-term price movement should use metrics like the Relative Strength Index to predict the crypto movement. Investors can also base their decisions on market adoption reports. For instance, the price of bitcoin rallied sharply when Tesla disclosed its investment earlier this year.
- Long-term investment: If you plan to hold the crypto investment for the long-term, you need to look at the fundamental factors — rather than short-term technical data. Fundamentals include the usage of crypto coins in the financial markets and in our daily lives.
- Acceptability as a valid form of payment: The network’s health is the biggest factor when it comes to the acceptability of assets from stakeholders and observers. Also important to its health is security, transparency, and monetary integrity.
How to Buy Crypto:
Bitcoin looked complex and intimidating to new investors five years ago, but the explosion in popularity of digital coins has made buying bitcoin as easy as buying shoes online.
Investors can buy, hold and sell crypto coins from traditional exchanges (like Nasdaq-listed Coinbase), or from popular fintech platforms (like Square, Robinhood, or Cash).
Here are a few more ways to invest in crypto markets:
- Stocks: Investors can own stocks that offer crypto services, such as Coinbase, Square, or PayPal.
- ETFs: Exchange-traded funds are another way. A few popular crypto ETFs include Amplify Transformational Data Sharing ETF, Siren Nasdaq NexGen Economy ETF, First Trust Indxx Innovative Transaction & Process ETF, and Capital Link NextGen Protocol ETF
- Options: Brokers in some countries permit investors to trade options for cryptocurrencies.
- Crypto IRAs: Coins market IRAs became more popular recently. The total assets of iTrustCapital, the world’s largest crypto IRA retirement account platform, exceeded the $1 billion level at the end of the March quarter.
- Futures: Similar to stock and commodity futures contracts, traders can also speculate on bitcoin futures.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.

domain: news


Our November weather has been warm and dry through the middle of the month. The weather pattern is about to shift. The pattern shift will also bring colder temperatures and snowflakes as we move closer to Thanksgiving.
It has been a dry month
So far, the month of November has been dry with only 0.03 inches of rainfall to date (11/16/2023). The only measurable rainfall took place on the first day of the month.
The dry streak is about to end as a cold front moves in to end our week. Colder temperatures will move in for the weekend.
A soaking rain is on the way
The cold front moving through our area Friday will help produce rainfall into the afternoon and evening.
The rain will add up to around 0.50 inches in some locations before tapering off Friday night.
This will be the biggest rain so far this month.
A colder weekend weather forecast expected
The weekend will turn colder behind the cold front with highs only in the middle to upper 40s. This weekend will feel cooler, but it is actually closer to normal for this time of the year.
Below-normal temperatures will return just in time for Thanksgiving.
Thanksgiving week weather forecast
Temperatures will be near normal to start your Thanksgiving week. The normal temperatures will turn colder through the week with below-normal temperatures expected through the end of the week.
The colder air moving in will also help produce lake effect snow for areas south and east of the Great Lakes.
A large storm system will develop early in the week and push rain showers and the chance for thunderstorms into the region on Tuesday. This storm will pull the coldest air of the season in behind it into Wednesday and Thursday, just in time for Thanksgiving.
As the storm approaches, you can track the rain on our Youngstown weather radar.
Will it snow for Thanksgiving?
The cold air will help produce lake effect snow showers across the snowbelt.
The heaviest snow is expected to stay in the northern snowbelt as the wind flow off Lake Erie will be from the west. This will provide a west to east fetch and keep the heaviest snow to the north along the shore of Lake Erie and along I-90 in NE Ohio and NW Pennsylvania.
If you are planning on traveling toward the extreme corner of NE Ohio, NW Pennsylvania (Around Erie) and toward Buffalo, New York, you will want to pay close attention to the forecast as we get closer to your travel dates next week. The heavier snow threat will be in these locations during the Thanksgiving holiday.
The snow will not be as heavy in the southern snowbelt as the wind flow will keep the heaviest bands north.
The forecast will still be cold for the holiday, and a few snowflakes are expected in the southern snowbelt as well as south of the snowbelt.
The 7 day forecast will show you how cold we will turn.


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Mr. Gulbransen serves as Project Manager for the construction of the cyberinfrastructure and data products being created for NEONscience.org. Mr. Gulbransen combines his environmental fieldwork with state-of-the-art decision support system expertise to serve as a Senior Analyst for Battelle’s EcoInformatics practice. His recent fieldwork has focused on eutrophication and sediment contamination investigations in regional scale coastal ecosystems, e.g. Jamaica Bay, Great South Bay, and New York Bight. These data intensive, multi-year, inter-disciplinary studies integrated biology, chemistry, and watershed land use for federal, state and municipal clients. In each, data quality objectives were established to guide quantitative sampling designs, or to feed regulatory interpretations. When not conducting fieldwork, Mr. Gulbransen pursues innovation on environmental decision support systems, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) models, ontology-based semantic search, and conversion of data to visual information and knowledge.
Mr. Gulbransen also serves in a variety of municipal positions. He is Vice-Chair of the U.S. IOOS Federal Advisory Committee. He serves on Suffolk County, NY’s Council of Environmental Quality which oversees State Environmental Quality Review Act compliance, such as public health protection, land use planning, stormwater management, pesticide applications and regional development. He is active as an interior firefighter, EMT-B, and Technical Rescue technician.


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07 May 2004
07 May 2004
Cordek are pioneering the use of disposable mould technology to create versatile, individually-shaped fibreglass designs.
Advances in polystyrene mould technology by Cordek have opened up possibilities for architects, and a whole range of new applications for the construction, marine and entertainment industries.
“This technique of using disposable expanded polystyrene moulds from which to produce Glass Reinforced Panels (GRP) is a real breakthrough for architects as it enables complex shapes and forms to be produced more quickly and economically than is possible with traditional materials, and architects can now offer their clients aesthetically pleasing and unique designs at an acceptable cost” says Rodney White, Cordek's Managing Director and co-founder.
Cordek has just manufactured 78 individual polystyrene moulds to make 39 fibreglass panels, each of them unique, to meet the brief of architects Sheppard Robson for an egg-shaped hub space running from top to bottom of Arup's London headquarters building.
The new manufacturing process required substantial investment in computer-controlled cutting equipment and a state-of-the-art five-axis routing machine, the only one of the kind to be used for shaping Expanded Polystyrene.
The panels are fitted around the perimeter of each hub space in the building and successfully conceal coffee-making and refreshments stations from the rest of the office space on each floor.
The Arup HQ contract is the first in a long line of applications on which work is now under way in the construction, marine and entertainment industries, Mr White said.
More than 400 delegates from 22 countries gathered in Shanghai, China, for the 2018 Nanoaugmented Materials Summit (NAUM) to explore the applications for graphene nanotubes (also known as single wall carbon nanotubes).
REIN4CED has been named Most Disruptive Innovator in Deloitte’s Rising Star competition for its composites innovation in the bicycle industry.
Chomarat's C-PLY Hexagonal multiaxial carbon fabric is being used in specialist racket sports goods manufacturer Babolat's new Pure Aero tennis racket.

domain: chemistry


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Admission for B.Tech. in Plastic and Polymer Engineering 2023: A UG degree program is the B. Tech. Plastic & Polymer Engineering. Naturally, the period is four years. There are eight semesters in it. A minimum of 50% in Physics, Chemistry, and Math from an accredited university board or council is required for admission to the Institute for BTech Plastics and Polymer Technology.
Students will get knowledge in plastic and polymer design, manufacturing, production, supplying, and related topics through this course. The top university for a B.Tech in plastic and polymer engineering is the University of Kota.
Highlights of B.Tech. Plastic and Polymer Engineering Admission
|Course Name||B.Tech Plastic And Polymer Engineering|
|Admission Process||Entrance Exam or direct admission|
|Full-Form||Bachelor in Technology in Plastic And Polymer Engineering|
|Duration||Course Duration is 4 Years.|
|Average Salary Offered||INR 1.8 to 2.4 Lakhs per annum|
|Average Fee Incurred||INR 2-3 Lakhs per year|
|Eligibility||passed 10+2 from a recognized educational Board with Physics, Chemistry, English, and Maths as the core subjects.|
Admission to B.Tech. Plastic and Polymer Engineering 2023–24
Admissions are made using a variety of entrance tests that are administered by universities and at the state level. A bachelor’s degree program in BTech Plastic and Polymer Engineering instructs students in more complex production, handling, research, and application of plastic and polymer materials.
Multiple positions in major Petroleum and Natural Gas Organizations, including ONGC, OIL, and others, are offered to the specialists taking this course. A branch of science called plastic and polymer engineering calls for sophisticated knowledge of chemicals, manufacturing, polymers, plant design, and related areas.
The final day is June 28, 2023. To (tentatively) submit an application for UPES University’s 2023 B.Tech. Plastic and Polymer Engineering Admission.
The College of Engineering Roorkee is currently accepting applications for their B.Tech. Plastic and Polymer Engineering program for the academic year 2023–2024. The deadline is July 15 of that year.
entrance exams for admission to B.Tech. plastic and polymer engineering
JEE Main and JEE Advanced in IERT Entrance Exam
Eligibility For The JECRC University B.Tech Entrance Test For Admission To The B.Tech Plastic And Polymer Engineering
Candidates for B-Tech Plastic and Polymer Engineering must have completed their 10+2 in PCM.
Admission Fees for B.Tech. Plastic and Polymer Engineering
The annual cost of a B.Tech. in Plastic and Polymer Engineering is typically between INR 2 and 3 lakhs.
Admission Syllabus for B.Tech. in Plastic and Polymer Engineering
|First Semester||Second Semester|
|The plastics Industry||Sustainable Materials|
|Polymer Testing Lab||College Algebra and Trigonometry I|
|Polymer Processing Survey – Lecture and Lab||Composites and Nano-composites|
|Plastics and Elastomers||General Chemistry I|
|Information, Technology, and Society||English Composition I|
|Humanities Elective/ Social Science Elective/ Art Elective / Foreign Language Elective/ Applied Arts Elective / International Field Experience Elective||–|
|Third Semester||Fourth Semester|
|Technical and Professional Communication||Thermoforming|
|Manufacturing Processes and Toolmaking Survey||Rotational moulding|
|College Algebra and Trigonometry II||Quality Principles|
|Blow moulding||Injection Melding|
|–||Applied Calculus / Calculus I|
|Fifth Semester||Sixth Semester|
|Advanced Extrusion||Advanced Blow Melding|
|Polymer Synthesis Lab||Project Management and Capstone Planning|
|Polymer Synthesis and Formulation||CIM and Automation in Plastics Processing|
|Plastics Formulation Lab||Physics/Chemistry Elective|
|Mechanical Properties and Testing||Plastic Part Design|
|Fundamentals of Speech||–|
|Cultural Diversity Elective||–|
|Seventh Semester||Eighth Semester|
|Advanced Injection Melding||Advanced Thermoforming and Rotational Melding|
|The Principles of Macroeconomics||Open Elective / Associate|
|Plastics Engineering Technology Senior Project||Mold flow|
|Mold and Die Design||Engineering Ethics and Legal Issues|
|Elective paper (Art)||Humanities Elective|
|Designing Molds and Dies||–|
|Building Molds and Dies||–|
Salary for a B.Tech in Plastic and Polymer Engineering
Graduates of B-Tech Plastic & Polymer Engineering often start at a salary between INR 1.8 and 2.4 lakhs annually.
Types of Full-Time Courses
It is a four-year full-time program that frequently offers early classes.
There are no online or distant learning options for this program.
India’s Colleges for B.Tech. in Plastic and Polymer Engineering
|University Name||State/City||Type of University|
|Aligarh Muslim University||Uttar Pradesh||Government University|
|Institute of Chemical Technology||Mumbai||Public State University|
|Laxminarayan Institute of Technology||Nagpur||Public University|
|Tezpur University||Mumbai||Central University|
|Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology||Kerala||Private College|
|JSS Science and Technology University||Mysuru||Private Institute|
Jobs for B.Tech. graduates in plastic and polymer engineering
Graduates in plastic and polymer engineering with a B.Tech degree have a variety of employment options, including some of the following:
Process engineer, plastic industrial engineer, and research analyst for polymers
Research & Development Engineer Research Associate Polymer Engineer Engineer-Lab & Mixing


text:
Thread: Alipurduar-Buxa-Jayanti trip advice (Dooars) from the forum- Last post: Jan 30, 2018
A post on Mar 4, 2012 by ajantrix
Dear all, Three of us are planning a 5 day trip from Kolkata to Dooars in North Bengal in the first week of July. Yes, you guessed it right! We want to experience monsoon in the lush green rolling...
... more from this thread »

domain: geography


text:
The Convenience Top 101 and More
Big, bigger, biggest: Welcome to the CSP Top 101
The Convenience Top 101: Foodservice
Food is a focus for many of the industry’s c-store retailers, but some operators have had a huge head start. Here are operators who have led the pack, followed by their signature offer.
|Casey's General Stores||Pizza|
|Susser Holdings Corp., dba Stripes||Tacos|
|Nice N Easy Grocery Shoppes||Ready-made take-home food|
|Ricker Oil Co, dba Ricker's||Burritos|
|CST Brands Inc.||Whoopie pies|
|Maverik Inc.||The Beast|
|Rutter's Farm Stores||Stir-fry|
|Sheetz Inc.||Beer-battered fish|
In 2012, San Antonio-based CST Brands’ Corner Store sold more than 4 million kolaches and 1.3 million whoopie pies from its nearly 1,900 sites.
Served up at North Salt Lake City, Utah-based Maverik’s 264 sites, The Beast includes ham, sausage, bacon, eggs, cheese, hash browns and maple spread, sandwiched between a sliced glazed long john.
Up Next: A Family Business

domain: food


The latest weekly drought report shows an increasing drought problem for the central portion of North Carolina. A severe drought now exists in an area that is bounded by Raleigh and Fayetteville in the east and Greensboro to Charlotte to the west. Moderate drought conditions continue over the remainder of the Piedmont. Eastern North Carolina has been fortunate enough to receive ample moisture during the winter. Abnormally dry conditions have developed near Interstate 95 but communites further east to the coast have normal conditions. The current forecast calls for dry weather to continue through the weekend so dry conditions will likely intensify over the next week.


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High-frequency electronic devices is the development trend, especially in the growing wireless networks, satellite communications, and information products to high speed and high-frequency, and voice communications products to large capacity and fast transmission of wireless, video, and data normalization.
Therefore, the development of next-generation products require high frequency board, satellite systems, mobile phone base stations and other communications products received must be applied to high-frequency circuit boards, and the inevitable rapid development in the coming years, will be a large demand for high-frequency board.
(1) The dielectric constant (Dk) must be small and very stable, usually the smaller the better signal transfer rate
(2) The dielectric loss (Df) must be small, which mainly affects the quality of signal transmission, the smaller dielectric loss the smaller signal loss
(3) Consistent with the thermal expansion coefficient of copper
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(5) Other heat resistance, chemical resistance, impact strength, peel strength, etc. must also be good.
Q:How to get a PCB prototype quotation?
A:1.PCB Gerber file
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|Minimum line width/spacing:||0.3mm|
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|NPTH aperture tolerance||±0.05mm(2mil)|
|Hole site deviation||±0.05mm(2mil)|
|Min buried blind via||0.2mm(8mil)|
|Outer cooper thickness||1oz-5oz|
|Inner cooper thickness||1/2 oz-4oz|
|SMT min green oil width||0.08mm|
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|Insulation layer thickness||0.075mm-5mm|
|Min board thickness||2 layer 0.2mm|
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Discover the momentous motoring events that have taken place this week in history …….
100 years ago this week, the Fruehauf Trailer Company was incorporated in Michigan by company founder August Charles Fruehauf [27 February 1918]. A blacksmith and carriage builder in the Detroit area, he built a boat trailer at the request of a merchant in 1914 who subsequently asked Fruehauf to build additional trailers to haul lumber and wood products. The company was acquired via assets-in-bankruptcy by the Wabash National Corporation in 1997……. 90 years ago this week, the (cover image) was introduced [1 March 1928]……. 70 years ago this week, the US Federal Trade Commission issued a restraining order, preventing the Willys-Overland Company from stating that it had developed the Jeep. Willys-Overland did end up producing the Army vehicle that would come to be known as the Jeep; but it was the Bantam Motor Company that first presented the innovative design to the Army [27 February 1948]…….60 years ago this week, one of worst bus accidents in US history occurred after a school bus plunged into a river after a
collision in wet weather near Prestonsburg, Kentucky [28 February 1958]. A Floyd County school bus loaded with 46 elementary and high school students bound for school at Prestonsburg on U.S. Route 23 struck the rear of a wrecker truck and plunged down an embankment and into the swollen waters of the Levisa Fork of the Big Sandy River, where it was swept downstream and submerged. Sixteen children escaped from the bus in the first few minutes as it became fully submerged in the raging flood waters and made it safely out of the river. However, 26 other children and the bus driver drowned. The bus was finally located by divers, and removed from the river 53 hours later……provisional British driving licences became valid for 6 months [1 March 1958]…….Four days after the race [2 March 1958], Lee Petty was declared the winner of the 100-mile NASCAR Grand National at Concord Speedway despite protests from Curtis Turner and Speedy Thompson, the apparent top two finishers. Scorecard data indicated that Petty finished the 200 laps first although Turner started on the pole and led the entire distance……The first Subaru , the Subaru 360 was launched [3 March 1958]. At that
time, Japanese automobile manufacturers were working on developing small cars according to a plan calling for the production of a “people’s car” as advocated by Japan’s Ministry of International Trade and Industry. The Subaru 360 was developed in line with this concept. In those days, passenger cars were too expensive to be within the reach of most people. Building a small, affordable car that could perform well proved to be technologically tough, and many manufacturers were reluctant to tackle the problem. However, with its roots in aircraft manufacturing, the Company took up the challenge backed by its pride and prodigious technological strength. It beat the other manufacturers in developing a four-passenger, four-wheel minicar, the Subaru 360, which became a milestone in the history of Japan’s automobile industry. Because of its ladybug shape, the Subaru 360 was affectionately referred to as the Ladybird. For 11 years after its debut, the Subaru 360 enjoyed tremendous popularity. It finally went out of production in May 1970…….50 years ago this week, the first bus lane in London (UK) was put into service on Vauxhall Bridge [26 February 1968]…….England’s Piers Courage splashed to victory in the rainy final round of the Tasman Cup series, held on the public road Longford circuit in Tasmania [4 March 1968]. Jim Clark finished 5th, two spots ahead of title rival Chris Amon, and won the Tasman Cup championship, his 2nd straight and 3rd of his career. Clark won the pole, turning a record lap of 122 mph over the fast, tricky 4.47 mile circuit. For winning the pole, Clark received 100 bottles of champagne from a local vineyard. Rain delayed the start of the race almost two hours and the distance was shortened from 28 laps to 15…….40 years ago this week, the Renault 18 and Toyota Starlet were launched
at the Geneva Motor Show [2 March 1978]…… Ronnie Peterson won the South African Grand Prix from 11th on the grid in his Lotus, ahead of Patrick Depailler in a Tyrrell and John Watson in his Brabham [4 March 1978]. Mario Andretti set the fastest lap of the race but finished one lap down in seventh. Lauda was on pole for that race, but his engine expired 53 laps in…… 30 years ago this week, Pontiac announced the end of the Fiero automobile [1 March 1988]…. On the same day [1 March 1988] the UK Government announced that British Aerospace (BAe) was negotiating to buy the Rover Group. The price was subsequently agreed at £150 million. But, approval for the deal had to be sought from the European Commission and although this was obtained, BAe was later required by the European Court to repay £48 million of illegal ‘sweeteners’…… 20 years ago this week, Ford employees earned record profit sharing averaging $4,400 [4 March 1998]……. 10 years ago this week, the classic car auction held at The Centaur Complex at Cheltenham Racecourse (UK), grossed in excess of £1,500,000 [26 February 2008]. Two red Jaguar E-types sold well with a beautifully restored 1962 3.8 litre Series 1 ‘Flat Floor’ Fixed Head Coupe making £38,500 and the 18,000 miles from new 1973 5.3 litre Series 3 Roadster fetching £37,400. A rare right-hand drive 1967 Ferrari 330 GTC exceeded its top estimate at £110,000. Among the road-going rarities, the right-hand drive 1960 Facel Vega HK500 took £34,925, the 1961 / 1962 Lazenby ‘Lotus 17’ Special £26,000 and the 1939 Raymond Mays Special Tourer £23,100….. On the same day [26 February 2008], production of the all-new Ford Kuga, Ford of Europe’s first entry into the highly competitive crossover market began at the Ford plant in Saarlouis, Germany……. Boyd Coddington (63), hot rod designer, the owner of the Boyd Coddington Hot Rod Shop and star of American Hot Rod on TLC, died in southern California, US [27 February 2008].

domain: automotive


The study highlights some of the better practices used in the development of an accessible recreational trail in York Region — a regional municipality located just north of Toronto.
York Region developed and manages a recreation trail system at the Hollidge Tract in the York Region Forest. The trail system is a public facility which incorporates a variety of trails and related parking facilities, including a one-kilometer long accessible trail configured as a loop.
The configuration and characteristics of the accessible trail are identified to users through trailhead signage. The signage provides information on a variety of key trail characteristics which will allow potential users to decide if the challenge level aligns with their recreational goals. Information is provided on the length of the trail, typical grade, typical cross-slope, trail width, and trail surface. In addition to the trailhead signage, directional signs are included along the trail.
Three accessible parking spaces are provided, close to the trailhead. Other accessibility related features of the trail include: wide entry points; appropriate overhead clearances along the entire length of the trail, that are regularly maintained; generous trail width that allows people using wheelchairs or other mobility aids to pass anywhere along the trail; compacted granular surfaces to provide a firm and stable surface; and use of lumber and boulders to provide edge protection where there are drop-offs adjacent to the trail and its viewing areas.
York Region also published a brochure which illustrates the trail configuration and its characteristic, as well as the accessibility features that users can expect to encounter.


AUGUSTA, GA - The city's Human Relations Commission was formed after the riots in 1970 to mediate, ease racial tensions and educate the public about diversity. It served as a sounding board for problems in the community.
It was cut from the budget in 2009. The Augusta Richmond County Commission (5 whites and 5 blacks commissioners at that time) perhaps believed that with an African American elected as president of the country the year before, Barack Obama, there were no need for such a board and that all race tensions will vanish in a snap.
Meanwhile, not necessary as a celebration for the election of Mr. Obama, police shootings feed anger that could rear its head again. Some of that was seen after the shooting of Justin Elmore by deputies in Cherry Tree Crossing in December 2008, which led to a near-riot in which bottles and rocks were thrown at police cars. Many individuals claimed they were fed up with racial profiling and harassment by deputies.
The Augusta Richmond County Sheriff Office will have a new leader in 2013. Will the elected Sheriff in November help to bring peace to Augusta?
The short movie or documentary or else about the riots in 1970 is a production of Anibal Ibarra with the collaboration of Grady Abrams and Corey Washington.
Anybody wanting to support the Anibal Show efforts can donate clicking the DONATE bottom .
Many Thanks to:
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Environmental Fate and Effects of Organotin Biocides: A Molecular and Microbiological Assessment.
Final rept. 1983-1986,
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS GAITHERSBURG MD CERAMICS CHEMISTRY AND BIOPROCESSES GROUP
Pagination or Media Count:
The goal of this project was to provide a better understanding of the environmental occurrence marine and estuarine, fate, and effects of the toxic tributyltin species, an active agent in new ship antifouling coatings. Ultratrace butyltin measurement methodology, interlaboratory measurement comparisons were made, and the measurement methods were applied to studying the environmental occurrence and fate of butyltin species. A new pathway to environmental methylin production was described and area for a number of current and prospective organotin biocides was provided. Collaboration with three Navy laboratories during the course of this research, resulted in 19 publications and 25 scientific presentations.
- Organic Chemistry


Beaver Creek Diversion
What is it?
The Beaver Creek Diversion is a concrete structure located at the intersection of Beaver Creek and the Weber-Provo Canal in Kamas, Utah. The structure was designed to divert up to all of the flow in Beaver Creek into the Weber-Provo Canal, except for a small diversion downstream, and also allows water to be redirected into Beaver Creek in an emergency. The structure consists of an inlet with wooden flashboards that divert the primary flow from Beaver Creek and two culverts that carry the overflow under the canal.
Why was it built?
The Beaver Creek Diversion was built to allow the Association to divert water from Beaver Creek into the Weber-Provo Canal for eventual storage in Deer Creek Reservoir, where it is accessed by the Association’s shareholders. The diversion can also allow water to be diverted from the Weber-Provo Canal back into Beaver Creek, or to be delivered from Beaver Creek to other water right holders in the Kamas area.
When was it built?
The Beaver Creek Diversion was originally constructed in 1921 by Weber River Water Users. In 1941 the Association took over operation and maintenance of the Weber-Provo Canal as part of the Provo River Project, when the entire canal system was enlarged and improved.
How big is it?
The Beaver Creek Diversion varies in its capacity depending on the needs of the Association, but it can deliver up to 150 cfs of water.
What is the Association’s responsibility?
The Association’s responsibility is to maintain the gates and keep the diversion bay free of debris. Association staff also controls and monitors water flow.


text:
Bayanihan to Heal as One Act signed into law, providing up to PHP 8k subsidy per family
In an emergency session of the Senate and House of Representatives the other night, the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act has been officially signed into law by Pres. Duterte. This law aims to fight the COVID-19 pandemic by providing the President with additional authority during the national state of calamity for the next 3 months.
Aside from additional authority given to the President, the highlight of this law is the monthly PHP 5,000 to PHP 8,000 emergency subsidy for the 18 million Filipino families affected, good for two months.
It also provides for a PHP 100,000 compensation for all health workers who may contract a severe COVID-19 infection while in the line of duty while another Php1 million will be given to families with a member dying from the pandemic.
Here are the other main points of this new law:
- Implement measures to prevent or minimize, suppress further transmission and spread of COVID-19 thru effective education, detection, protection and treatment.
- Expedite medical testing and observation of PUIs and PUMs as well as treatment of patients infected by the SARs-COV-2 virus.
- Ensure LGUs are in line with IATF guidelines.
- Direct the operations of any privately-owned hospitals, medical and health facilities, including passenger vehicles and other establishments to house health workers and serve as quarantine areas.
- Enforce measures against profiteering, hoarding, price manipulation, product deceptions, cartels, monopolies, and other pernicious activities affecting the supply, distribution, and movement of food, medical supplies and other goods.
- Ensure donation acceptance and distribution of health products are not delayed.
This also gives authority to the President by excepting it from the Procurement Law which requires public bidding that delays the process of buying important goods, equipment, and construction of facilities.
The full copy of Senate Bill 1418 (which was adopted by the House) that was signed into law can be downloaded here.

domain: politics


Uranium is used because it emits radiation. Its uses are limited to medical purposes, to manufacturing fuel for nuclear power plants, and to making nuclear weapons. Byproducts of the nuclear process are also used to make “depleted uranium” weapons.
Nuclear power plants were originally created to make the materials needed to manufacture nuclear weapons. This is why it has been so important to remove North Korea’s nuclear power plants. Under the “Atoms for Peace” program in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the U.S. government began looking for other ways to use nuclear reactors. Because nuclear power plants create a lot of heat, they were modified to boil water to create electricity.
Recent demand for uranium is driven by international plans to build more nuclear power plants. Many are planned for India and China, with some also planned for the United States and Europe.
Nuclear facilities are closely monitored by the International Atomic Energy Agency in an effort to prevent the spread of nuclear materials and nuclear weapons.


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Saturn Station-Titan Project version 1.0
by Ron Lester.Download File
I decided to put a different space station to where you are actually in the sky and you can look out the portals to the surface.
I also decided to put bots in the space station to make it a bit harder to complete.
The space station is altogether different than the other one. It is very large too.
It was fun to make, and I hope it is fun for you to play.
Really, myself, I found it much harder to complete the goals in the space station even though you have 7 minutes before you crash.
I would have shortened the time , but I feel that too hard is not much fun. I think if you can get the bots and get the goals, then you are pretty good.
I like large levels myself but it takes a while to do final lighting.
It took 15 hrs to do super detail lighting on
the inner mine, on this one.
Outer lighting can be fast or slow , depending on how many shadows etc you want.
I have decided to light this one for about 15 hrs to make it as realistic as possible.

domain: aerospace


- What is radiation examples?
- What stops different types of radiation?
- Is all radiation harmful?
- What are the 4 types of radiation?
- What are the 3 types of radiation?
- What types of radiation are not harmful?
- What is the most powerful type of radiation?
- How does radiation kill?
- What is a dangerous level of radiation?
- How fast can you die from radiation?
- How much radiation is safe per hour?
What is radiation examples?
Examples of Radiation Examples include: A burning candle emits radiation in the form of heat and light.
The Sun emits radiation in the form of light, heat, and particles.
Uranium-238 decaying into Thorium-234 emits radiation in the form of alpha particles..
What stops different types of radiation?
X-Rays and gamma rays are really the same thing, the difference is how they were produced. Depending on their energy, they can be stopped by a thin piece of aluminum foil, or they can penetrate several inches of lead. In this experiment, we study the penetrating power of each type of radiation.
Is all radiation harmful?
Some examples of radiation include sunlight, radio waves, x-rays, heat, alpha, beta, gamma ionizing radiation, and infrared, just to name a few. Not all of these types of radiation are harmful, in fact, in moderation, most radiation will not pose a health risk.
What are the 4 types of radiation?
There are four major types of radiation: alpha, beta, neutrons, and electromagnetic waves such as gamma rays. They differ in mass, energy and how deeply they penetrate people and objects. The first is an alpha particle.
What are the 3 types of radiation?
The three most common types of radiation are alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.
What types of radiation are not harmful?
Equal doses of all types of ionizing radiation are not equally harmful. Alpha particles produce greater harm than do beta particles, gamma rays and x rays for a given absorbed dose.
What is the most powerful type of radiation?
gamma raysAlpha rays are the weakest and can be blocked by human skin and gamma rays are the strongest and only dense elements like lead can block them. So what are gamma rays? Gamma rays are the strongest from of radiation.
How does radiation kill?
When you eject electrons from atoms you can break chemical bonds, and that’s what leads to the microscopic and macroscopic damage that radiation causes.” By breaking those chemical bonds inside our bodies, ionizing radiation can destroy or damage critical components of our cells, leading to injury, and at high enough …
What is a dangerous level of radiation?
To cause death within hours of exposure to radiation, the dose needs to be very high, 10Gy or higher, while 4-5Gy will kill within 60 days, and less than 1.5-2Gy will not be lethal in the short term. However all doses, no matter how small, carry a finite risk of cancer and other diseases.
How fast can you die from radiation?
Very high doses like those experienced by workers at the site of nuclear accidents (several thousand times higher than the background radiation level) cause extensive damage, resulting in a range of symptoms known collectively as radiation sickness. Extremely high doses can kill in days or weeks.
How much radiation is safe per hour?
That is a level experts describe as minimal, and just below the global average of naturally occurring background radiation of 0.17-0.39 per hour, a range given by the World Nuclear Association.


At Heartyculture, we not only provide a vibrant selection of nurtured plants but also offer expert landscaping services to transform your outdoor spaces into lush, personalized gardens.
Our Nursery: Nurture Your Space with Our Beautiful Plants
Our plant collection encompasses an exciting range of greenery, each nurtured to perfection. Whether you're seeking flowering plants to add a splash of color to your garden, indoor plants to purify your air, or hardy succulents to create a low-maintenance green space, we've got you covered. Our passion for plants is reflected in the diversity and health of our stock.


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Earlier this week, Apple released their brand new "iPhone 11" models -
with a revolutionary new triple-camera system on their flagship model, new colors, increased battery life, smarter processing and increased camera functionality.
Watch the full Apple keynote here where a new iPad, new apple watch, and gaming subscription service "Apple Arcade" were announced apart from the new iPhone models.
The new iPhone 11 comes in 3 different variations - iPhone 11, iPhone 11 Pro and iPhone 11 Pro Max.
But what are the differences? What are the new features? Let's take a look!
Differences between the iPhone 11, iPhone 11 Pro and iPhone 11 Pro Max
The first and most obvious difference is in the screen size: while the iPhone 11 comes with a 6.1-inch LCD display, the iPhone 11 Pro and iPhone 11 Pro Max are equipped with Super Retina XDR 5.8-inch and 6.5-inch OLED displays.
The most differentiating feature however is the camera: the iPhone 11 has two 12-megapixel cameras (wide and ultra-wide) that are an improvement from the previous iPhone model, but the iPhone 11 Pro and iPhone 11 Pro Max come with apple's brand new triple camera (with 12-megapixel wide, ultra-wide, and telephoto lenses).
Compared to the iPhone XS from last year, the new iPhone 11 Pro offers 4 hours of increased battery life (5 hours longer with the 11 Pro Max). This results in a battery that lasts for 18 hours of video playback, 11 hours of video streaming, and 65 hours of audio playback on a single charge!
The iPhone 11 is just slightly behind, with 17 hours of video playback, 10 hours of video streaming, but still 65 hours of audio playback.
Capacities and prices
Now, let's take a closer look at the newest flagship model, the iPhone 11 Pro.
Providing the best camera and best battery life of any iPhone to date, the iPhone 11 Pro is "the first iPhone powerful enough to be called Pro", according to apple.
In recent years, apple tended to make the biggest improvements in the camera, usually offering a premium camera for the more expensive iPhone models. And this year is no different.
The main selling point and distinguishing feature of the iPhone 11 Pro is that it has three 12-megapixel cameras at the back.
The triple camera system features one standard 12-megapixel camera, one ultra-wide angle 12-megapixel one, and a 12-megapixel telephoto. This allows up to 10x digital zoom and 2x optical zoom in and out.
The zoom advantages show up in the video performance as well, and since the standard wide lense is working together with the telephoto lense, the iPhone 11 pro also enables dual optical image stabilization.
But how do these technical specifications translate to actual product features and improvements in our pictures?
Since the iPhone 11 Pro can use three cameras simultaneously, compared to only two in the previous model iPhone X, there are a few new perks - the most significant one being the deep fusion feature.
Interesting to note is that apple seems to be targeting professional photographers and videographers with the iPhone 11 Pro -
iPhone sales have declined over the past few years, and in an age where visual content is more important than ever and more people are using their phones for their work (like social media influencers) it seems like this might be apple's strategy to increase sales and convince more users to switch to the latest iPhone model.
... and this is where APPICS comes in to play!
What if you could earn through capturing and sharing content with your phone? What if you could get rewarded for your time and creativity spent on social media, creating and curating content?
APPICS is a mobile app for iOS & android that enables just that, based on a dual-blockchain technology utilizing both EOS and STEEM. With APPICS users from around the globe to benefit from blockchain technology without having to know how to use it.
And with mobile phones getting increasingly high-end cameras, the trend is clear:
visual content like photos and videos has become the most important in our current technological age where the people's attention spans are shrinking, but time spent on social media is increasing.
The iPhone 11 pro is clearly targeted at social media users and even professional photographers/videographers who would much prefer to take pictures and videos on their phone -something they carry around at all times anyway- instead of expensive, bulky DSLR cameras.
Join the APPICS Bounty program and earn APX!
Apart from earning inside the appics app, you can now also earn APX tokens for your activity on other social media platforms!
Join our bounty program at token.appics.com and earn APX for spreading the word about APPICS on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Steemit, YouTube and more.
For more details about the APPICS bounty program and all the different campaigns, please read this post.
Are you an APPICS tester yet? 📲
If not, please visit ios.appics.com if you're an iOS user, and for android users softlaunch.appics.com to download the APPICS app. Then you can login directly with your steem account and private posting key!


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Is it too early to retire? I recently read an article from the over-50s finance provider SunLife. Based on three separate surveys they had undertaken, rather alarmingly, they were suggesting that over three quarters (85%) of retirees aged over 50 feel they retired too early. It also stated that 10% of those surveyed felt they retired too late, leaving just 5% feeling they got the timing right.
The article did not divulge the exact reasons behind these feelings. It did cite the increase to the State Pension Age as a potential contributor. It also implies that perhaps this is primarily down to financial issues. An Unbiased article has stated that the average weekly income for pensioners is £304. This works out at around £15,080 net per year, a similar salary to those on minimum wage. It also cites that 67% of a retiree’s income is generated from a private pension. Of course, these feelings could just reflect a sense that retirees simply miss their working life.
Whatever the reason behind the figures, to me the survey highlights the importance of developing an appropriate plan. This should encompass some key considerations, such as:
- How would you like to retire? – be it fully, or perhaps a gradual process. It is worth noting that many employers are becoming more and more flexible, allowing employees to reduce their hours gradually.
- Consider what your retirement might look like – what would the ideal day/week entail?
- Create a budget – as a starting point it is worth understanding how much you would need to cover those essential costs i.e. bills, food and any outstanding liabilities. Beyond this, don’t forget the fun stuff! Whilst not everything has to come with a cost, do your research and find out how much those extra activities or new hobbies might cost. It’s also worth considering how long these ‘extras’ are likely to continue.
- Understand what resources you have available to support you – this might involve obtaining a state pension forecast and gathering the latest values or benefit statements on any pension or investment policies.
- Familiarise yourself with the pension options available – the government’s Money Advice Service has a wealth of information to get you started.
Of course, if all of the above seems rather daunting, then we are here to help. We would love the opportunity to discuss how our service could assist you in developing and maintaining a retirement plan that works for you.

domain: economics


Networks are increasingly becoming complex and distributed. As a result, problems like hardware failures, performance degradation, resource allocation, bandwidth monitoring and assignment and service provisioning are harder to solve and become real challenges for Network Operation Centers (NOC). The NOC is in constant search for efficient integrated network management systems required to monitor, interpret, and control the behavior and performance of the network, its hardware devices and software resources.
This article discusses the three network management architectures in use today, so by reading it you will be able to understand the differences between each architecture, and by reading the pros and cons of each architecture you will be able to select the right solution, especially when managing a distributed network.
The three network management architectures are:


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Association between the dose of dopaminergic medication and the behavioral disturbances in Parkinson disease
ABSTRACT To survey the point prevalence of impulse control and repetitive behavior disorders (ICRBs) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and to determine the relationship between PD medication dose and the risk of ICRBs.
A multicenter cross-sectional survey was applied to consecutive patients with PD over a 3-month period. The presence of ICRBs was screened using a modified version of the Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview that comprised five ICRB modules: compulsive buying, gambling, sexual behavior, eating, and punding. Data regarding the patients' clinical features and concurrent anti-PD drugs were also collected during the interview. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of the daily doses of dopamine agonist and L-dopa for the development of an ICRB were calculated after adjustment for clinical variables.
Among the 1167 patients recruited, 118 (10.1%) exhibited ICRBs. Punding was the most common ICRB (4.2%), followed by compulsive eating (3.4%), sexual behaviors (2.8%), buying (2.5%), and gambling (1.3%). Two or more ICRBs were present concomitantly in 34 of these 118 patients (28.8%). There were dose-response relationships between the dopamine agonist dose and the ORs for compulsive buying, gambling and sexual behaviors. On the other hand, the OR for punding was positively correlated with the dose of L-dopa. The OR for compulsive eating was not associated with the dose of dopamine agonist or L-dopa.
The dose of dopaminergic medication is significantly associated with the development of ICRB, except compulsive eating, in PD.
SourceAvailable from: Jee-Y Lee[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the changes in diffusion-tensor images associated with medication-related impulse control disorder (ICD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients undergoing chronic dopamine-replacement therapy. Nineteen PD patients, comprising 10 with ICD (PD-ICD) and 9 without ICD (PD-nonICD), and 18 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) with no cognitive or other psychiatric disorders were analyzed. All subjects underwent 3-T magnetic resonance diffusion-tensor imaging. For all PD patients, clinical data on PD duration, antiparkinsonian medication dosages, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination were collected. Whole-brain voxel-based measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were analyzed. In comparison with HCs, the PD-nonICD subjects had low FA at the bilateral orbitofrontal areas. While the PD-ICD subjects exhibited no such difference, their FA was significantly elevated at the anterior corpus callosum. Analysis of FA between the two PD groups revealed that FA in the anterior corpus callosum, right internal capsule posterior limbs, right posterior cingulum, and right thalamic radiations were significantly higher (corrected p<0.05) in the PD-ICD than in the PD-nonICD patients. MD did not differ between the PD-ICD and PD-nonICD groups in any brain regions. The PD-ICD patients appear to have relatively preserved white-matter integrity in the regions involved in reward-related behaviors compared to PD-nonICD patients. Further investigation is required to determine whether the difference in FA between PD-ICD and PD-nonICD patients reflects microstructural differences in the pathological progression of PD or is secondary to ICD.Journal of Clinical Neurology 01/2015; 11(1):42-7. DOI:10.3988/jcn.2015.11.1.42 · 1.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Background: Impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICBs) are a heterogeneous group of conditions that may be caused by long-term dopaminergic replacement therapy (DRT) of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The spectrum of ICBs includes dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS), punding, and impulse control disorders (ICDs). Contents: We made a detailed review regarding the epidemiology, pathology, clinical characteristics, risk factors, diagnosis as well as treatment of ICBs. Results: The prevalence of ICBs in PD patients is approximately 3–4% for DDS, 0.34–4.2% for punding, and 6–14% for ICDs, with higher prevalence in Western populations than in Asian. Those who take high dose of levodopa are more prone to have DDS, whereas, ICDs are markedly associated with dopamine agonists. Different subtypes of ICBs share many risk factors such as male gender, higher levodopa equivalent daily dose, younger age at PD onset, history of alcoholism, impulsive, or novelty-seeking personality. The Questionnaire for Impulsive–Compulsive Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease-Rating Scale seems to be a rather efficacious instrument to obtain relevant information from patients and caregivers. Treatment of ICBs is still a great challenge for clinicians. Readjustment of DRT remains the primary method. Atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, amantadine, and psychosocial interventions are also prescribed in controlling episodes of psychosis caused by compulsive DRT, but attention should be drawn to balance ICBs symptoms and motor disorders. Moreover, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus might be a potential method in controlling ICBs. Conclusion: The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of ICBs in PD remains poorly understood. Further researches are needed not only to study the pathogenesis, prevalence, features, and risk factors of ICBs, but to find efficacious therapy for patients with these devastating consequences.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 11/2014; 6:318. DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00318 · 2.84 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: There is limited data on the prevalence of impulse control disorder and related behaviors (ICD-RBs) in Indian patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). In the context of potential genetic and environmental factors affecting the expression of ICD-RBs, studying other multiethnic populations may bring in-sights into the mechanisms of these disorders. To ascertain point prevalence estimate of ICD-RBs in Indian PD patients, using the validated "Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's disease (QUIP)" and to examine their association with Dopamine replacement therapy (DRT). This was a hospital based observational cross-sectional study. After taking informed consent, patients and their informants (spouse, or primary caregiver) were made to complete the QUIP, and were instructed to answer questions based on behaviors that occurred anytime during PD that lasted at least four consecutive weeks. Total of 299 patients participated in the study. At least one ICD-RB was present in 128 (42.8%), at least one Impulse control disorder (ICD) was present in 74 (24.75%) and at least one Impulse control related compulsive behaviour (ICRB) was present in 93 (31.1%) patients. Punding was the most frequent (12.4%) followed by hyper sexuality (11.04%), compulsive hobbyism (9.4%), compulsive shopping (8.4%), compulsive medication use (7.7%), compulsive eating (5.35%), walkabout (4%) and pathological gambling (3.3%). ≥ 2 ICD-RBs were observed in 15.7% of patients. After multivariate analysis, younger age of onset, being unmarried were specifically associated with presence of ICD. Longer disease duration was specifically associated with presence of ICRB. Whereas smoking and higher dopamine levodopa equivalent daily doses (DA LEDD) were associated with both presence of ICD and ICRB. Higher LD LEDD was specifically associated with presence of ICD-RB. Our study revealed a relatively higher frequency of ICD-RBs, probably because of the use of screening instrument and because we combined both ICDs and ICRBs. Also high proportion of DA use (81.6%) among our patients might be responsible. The role of genetic factors that might increase the risk of developing ICD-RBs in this population needs further exploration.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 01/2015; 18(1):49-59. DOI:10.4103/0972-2327.144311 · 0.51 Impact Factor

domain: health