{"chart":{"title":"Trade openness in Europe","subtitle":"Shown is the sum of exports and imports as a share of GDP.","citation":"International Historical Statistics - Brian Mitchell (2015)","originalChartUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/trade-openness-in-europe","selection":["Sweden","Spain","Italy","Germany","France","United Kingdom"]},"columns":{"Historical European trade (Brian Mitchell (2015))":{"titleShort":"Historical European trade","titleLong":"Historical European trade","shortUnit":"%","unit":"%","timespan":"1815-1949","type":"Integer","owidVariableId":35,"citationShort":" – processed by Our World in Data","citationLong":" – processed by Our World in Data. “Historical European trade” [dataset]. International Historical Statistics - Brian Mitchell (2015) [original data].","fullMetadata":"https://api.ourworldindata.org/v1/indicators/35.metadata.json"}},"dateDownloaded":"2025-07-09"}