{"chart":{"title":"Cumulative number of human visits to space","note":"For individuals who went to space multiple times, each visit is counted. Country-level data is assigned according to the individual's nationality.","citation":"CSIS Aerospace Security Project (2022)","originalChartUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cumulative-space-visits","selection":["World","United States","Japan","Russia"]},"columns":{"Cumulative number of human visits to space":{"titleShort":"Cumulative number of human visits to space","titleLong":"Cumulative number of human visits to space","descriptionKey":["The definition of astronaut is not universally agreed upon among space launch providers. This data includes all individuals who have flown to outer space.","Outer space is defined here as an altitude of 100 kilometers or higher, following the World Air Sports Federation (FAI) definition, an international standard for aeronautics and astronautics records.","The data includes astronauts who died during space-bound missions, such as those aboard STS-51-L.","This data does not include individuals who flew below 100 kilometers or first-time astronauts who died in non-space-bound missions without having previously been to space.","For individuals who went to space multiple times in the same year, each visit is counted. Country-level data is assigned according to the individual's nationality."],"descriptionProcessing":"- We have mapped values for Czechoslovakia to Slovakia (there was no entry for Czechia in the data), East Germany to Germany (there was no entry for West Germany), and USSR to Russia (Russia accounts for over 95% of entries in the data among all other USSR successors).","shortUnit":"","unit":"visits","timespan":"1961-2021","type":"Integer","owidVariableId":1014838,"shortName":"n_cumulative_launches","lastUpdated":"2025-03-04","nextUpdate":"2026-03-03","citationShort":"CSIS Aerospace Security Project (2022) – with major processing by Our World in Data","citationLong":"CSIS Aerospace Security Project (2022) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Cumulative number of human visits to space” [dataset]. CSIS Aerospace Security Project, “International Astronaut Database” [original data].","fullMetadata":"https://api.ourworldindata.org/v1/indicators/1014838.metadata.json"}},"dateDownloaded":"2025-07-09"}