Enhanced electroreduction of CO₂ to C₂+ fuels by the synergetic effect of polyaniline/CuO nanosheets hybrids

Lian Ma, Qinghong Geng, Longlong Fan, Jun-Xuan Li, Dawei Du, Junli Bai, Cuiling Li

electrochemical CO₂ reduction, CuO nanosheets (NSs), electrocatalysis, polyaniline (PANI), C₂+ selectivity

Abstract: Electrochemically converting CO₂ to value-added multi-carbon (C₂+) fuels and chemicals is a favorable way to achieve carbon neutrality. Here, polyaniline/CuO nanosheets (PANI/CuO NSs) hybrid electrocatalysts are developed in order to achieve superior C₂+ selectivity by imparting PANI functional component to the CuO NSs. The decorated PANI nanoparticles (NPs) can effectively stabilize the •CO intermediates and increase their coverage on the active Cu sites, which facilitates the C–C coupling to form multi-carbon products. Benefiting from the synergic effect of PANI and CuO NSs, best Faradaic efficiency (FE) for C₂+ product up to 66.4% at −1.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in a H-cell measurement and 60.0% at 400 mA·cm⁻² in a flow cell measurement are demonstrated by PANI/CuO NSs-25 sample. More importantly, the C₂+ selectivity keeps stable even in a continuous measurement time period of 92 h in H-cell. The present study may provide more insights for designing efficient hybrid materials toward superior C₂+ production from electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction.


温州市公众科普需求调研分析及对策研究

张小华, 徐欢欢, 刘光道, 范成武

科技创新, 科普需求, 科普教育

Abstract: 伴随着科技日益的发展进步，公众的科普需求也日渐提高，如何提高科普工作的有效性和针对性成为需要关注的问题。因此，有必要梳理公众的科普需求特征，为基于公众视角提高科普工作提供参考。本研究采用问卷调研法、比较分析法等方法对温州市的科普需求进行调查和分析，并对当前科普工作存在的问题提出相关对策建议，提高科普工作的效果。


双薪夫妇成人依恋对婚姻质量的影响：家庭结构和家庭周期的调节作用

双薪夫妇, 家庭结构, 家庭周期, 成人依恋, 婚姻质量

Abstract: 本研究以98对(196人)双薪夫妇为样本考察了中国双薪夫妇婚姻质量的特点，并采用分组结构方程模型 分别检验了家庭结构和家庭周期对成人依恋和婚姻质量关系的调节效应。结果发现：(1) 依恋回避和依 恋焦虑都对婚姻质量存在显著的负向影响；(2) 婚姻质量在家庭结构和家庭周期上存在显著差异；(3) 家 庭结构和家庭周期分别对成人依恋和婚姻质量的关系起调节作用。这些结果说明，成人依恋是影响婚姻 质量的重要因素，家庭结构和家庭周期在其中起着重要的调节作用。


肿瘤放化疗患者营养管理模式研究进展

孙丽丽, 明洁, 代晓雪, 王海娟, 徐笑, 魏玉玲

肿瘤放化疗, 营养管理, 营养筛查, 营养评估, 营养护理

Abstract: 肿瘤放化疗患者的营养管理对其治疗、康复至关重要，目前肿瘤放化疗患者营养管理模式仍是处于探索 实践阶段，尚无统一标准。笔者从营养管理团队、营养筛查、评价指标、营养管理内容及模式等方面总 结分析近年来肿瘤患者营养管理模式与护理进展，为营养管理的开展提供决策支持和科学依据。


2018~2020年大理市某三甲医院嗜血杆菌感染分布及耐药性分析

周宇, 刘永磊, 樊玉娟, 徐世豪, 杨林

嗜血杆菌, 呼吸道感染, 耐药性

Abstract: 目的：分析大理大学第一附属医院流感嗜血杆菌感染分布特点、耐药性及其变化趋势。方法：对大理大学 第一附属医院2018年1月初至2020年12月底患者的口痰、咽拭子标本进行分离培养和细菌鉴定、药敏试 验和结果判定，对数据进行统计分析。结果：共分离205株流感嗜血杆菌，流感嗜血杆菌195株，副流感 嗜血杆菌15株。标本主要来源于痰液(93.16%)、咽拭子(5.79%)；男性(69.47%)比女性(30.53%)患病率 更高。流感嗜血杆菌与副流感嗜血杆菌均对氨苄西林的耐药率高于63.74%，对复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率 高于53.33%，对头孢呋辛耐药率高于26.37%，而对氨曲南、氯霉素、美罗培南、头孢他啶、阿奇霉素的 耐药率低(0.00%~33.33%)，尤以美罗培南耐药率最低(0.00%~2.20%)。结论：嗜血杆菌感染好发于低龄 儿童、免疫力低下以及患有慢性呼吸系统疾病的人群，嗜血杆菌对药物复方磺胺甲噁唑和氨苄西林耐药性 高，但对美罗培南耐药性较低，临床医生应根据药敏结果合理选用抗生素，避免耐药菌株的产生。


嗜盐菌对高盐废水处理的研究进展

魏莉荣, 王纪晗, 徐毓东, 耿合定, 赵辉, 闫华晓, 韩作振

嗜盐菌, 高盐废水, 废水处理, 经济节约, 环境友好

Abstract: 许多工业生产活动都会产生废水，有些废水含高盐度、高有机质和其他可危害环境的污染物。目前， 含盐废水的处理已成为许多国家关注的重要问题之一。本文介绍了高盐废水的来源、特点，以及传统 处理高盐废水的方法和存在的缺陷。嗜盐菌因为其生长环境特殊，利用其具有的独特功能来处理高盐 废水，是一种经济节约、环境友好的好方法。嗜盐菌在高盐废水处理中有巨大应用潜力。本文阐述了 嗜盐菌的分类及嗜盐机理，同时对去除高盐废水中的石油烃类、重金属以及氮磷等的研究进展进行了 综述，最后，展望了嗜盐菌在处理废水中的应用前景和面临的挑战，为后续的嗜盐菌处理高盐废水等 研究提供参考。


基于信息流视角的甘肃省城市网络结构特征研究

城市网络, 百度指数, 甘肃省

Abstract: 从不同视角剖析中国城市网络的结构特征对于深刻认识中国城市网络结构及模式具有重要意义。信息流得益于互联网的发展突破了传统时空距离的约束，是表征区域联系的重要指标。基于百度指数对甘肃省城市网络结构特征进行研究，结果发现：1) 基于信息流视角的甘肃省城市网络结构表现出明显的核心-边缘特征，兰州是省内唯一的核心，且核心地位仍在进一步加强，省内缺乏明显的信息流强度第二位的城市。2) 甘肃省城市信息流的离散程度较高，各城市信息流分布比较分散。3) 甘肃省河西地区城市间信息联系普遍下降，黄河以东以南的地区城市对信息联系普遍增强；除省会兰州之外的其他城市间信息联系整体较弱，且这种弱势程度还在进一步加深。本研究可以为甘肃城市与区域协同发展以及更好发挥甘肃区位优势提供一些思路和参考。


面孔熟悉度对4~5岁幼儿注视追随的影响

注视追随, 熟悉度, 4~5岁幼儿, 注视线索范式

Abstract: 注视追随是指个体追随他人眼睛注视方向转移注意的现象，本研究使用标准注视线索范式来检验面孔熟悉度对幼儿注视追随的影响。结果显示，当SOA为200 ms时，幼儿追随了高熟悉度面孔的注视，但没有追随低熟悉度面孔的注视；SOA为800 ms时，幼儿既没有追随高熟悉度面孔的注视，也没有追随低熟悉度面孔的注视。说明熟悉度调节注视追随的自动化加工成分，对幼儿注视追随的影响是快速且自动的。未来研究需进一步明确影响注视追随是自动化加工或控制加工的情境因素。


基于IBAS-BP神经网络的风功率预测

掌旭, 刘文超, 徐世龙, 邹邦柱, 吴昊, 修唯, 张煜

风电功率预测, BP神经网络, 改进天牛须算法, 鲸鱼算法

Abstract: 风电功率预测精度对风电场调度有着重要意义。针对目前预测方法中模型预测精度不高且训练速度较慢 等问题，提出一种改进天牛须算法优化神经网络参数的短期风电功率预测模型。采用群体寻优的方式改 进BAS算法，并在信息选取利用时提出精英个体概念，对现有精英个体继续进行寻优，从而改善了原始 模型在权重更新的过程中易出现局部极值的问题。


汉语方言背景下海外华裔学生习得汉语语法偏误研究的现状与思考

汉语方言, 海外华裔, 习得, 语法偏误

Abstract: 汉语作为第二语言教学在海外发展日渐蓬勃，但在国际中文教学中，如何处理好普通话与方言之间的关 系，也是二语教学中需要注意的问题。普通话和方言，在语音、词汇、语法等方面存在差异，这些差异 容易导致有汉语方言背景的华裔汉语学习者受到母语方言的影响。通过对中国知网、维普和万方2009 年至2021年间关于海外华裔学生习得汉语语法偏误研究文献的整理，发现以海外华裔学生为研究对象的 汉语语法习得研究数量不多，仅17篇。其中，以有汉语方言背景的华裔学生为研究对象的相关研究数量 仅见2篇。以上研究主要以华裔习得语法句式偏误分析研究为主，在分析研究现状的基础上，结合国际 中文教育的现实需要，对该领域提出了研究展望和未来的研究方向。


光伏水泵群控系统的最大功率跟踪及稳定控制

陈彦丰, 苏建徽, 刘鹏

光伏水泵, 非均衡功率搜索, 最大功率点跟踪, 水泵饱和

Abstract: 本文将非均衡功率扰动搜索应用于光伏水泵系统中，通过非均衡功率扰动搜索阵列的最大功率，研究了如何在保持已运行水泵频率不变的前提下，更加准确的获取阵列最大功率。同时在水泵系统的运行时，防止系统的阵列功率有大幅度跌落，在比例控制的基础上，加入了频率闭环，即使阵列功率出现大幅跌落，系统仍可保持稳定。


Visual Autism

blindism; visual autism; congenital blindness; autism spectrum disorder

Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. It affects approximately 2.2% of children. Both genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified for ASD. Visual comorbidities are relatively common among children with ASD. Between 20 and 44% of ASD children have visually significant refractive error, on-third have strabismus, and one-fifth have amblyopia. In addition, ASD is 30 times more common in children with congenital blindness. It is unknown whether the association of ASD with visual morbidity is causal, comorbid, or contributing. Structural and functional abnormalities have been identified in MRIs of ASD children, and ASD children have been noted to have aberrant eye tracking. ASD children with visually significant refractive errors and poor spectacle compliance (present in 30% of ASD children) offer the opportunity for investigation into how improved visual acuity influences ASD behaviors. In this review, we focus on what is known of the visual system, refractive surgery, and ASD


In Silico Analysis of PKS and NRPS Gene Clusters in Arisostatin- and Kosinostatin-Producers and Description of Micromonospora okii sp. nov.

Hisayuki Komaki, Natsuko Ichikawa, Akira Hosoyama, Moriyuki Hamada and Yasuhiro Igarashi

arisostatin; classification; kosinostatin; Micromonospora; polyketide; quinolidomicin; secondary metabolite

Abstract: Micromonospora sp. TP-A0316 and Micromonospora sp. TP-A0468 are producers of arisostatin and kosinostatin, respectively. Micromonospora sp. TP-A0316 showed a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 100% to Micromonospora oryzae CP2R9-1ᵀ whereas Micromonospora sp. TP-A0468 showed a 99.3% similarity to Micromonospora haikouensis 232617ᵀ. A phylogenetic analysis based on gyrB sequences suggested that Micromonospora oryzae TP-A0316 is closely related to Micromonospora oryzae whereas Micromonospora sp. TP-A0468 is an independent genomospecies. As Micromonospora sp. TP-A0468 showed some phenotypic differences to its closely related species, it was classified as a novel species, for which the name Micromonospora okii n. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TP-A0468ᵀ (= NBRC 110461ᵀ). Micromonospora sp. TP-A0316 and M. okii TP-A0468ᵀ were both found to harbor 15 gene clusters for secondary metabolites such as polyketides and nonribosomal peptides in their genomes. Arisostatin-biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of Micromonospora sp. TP-A0316 closely resembled tetrocacin A-BGC of Micromonospora chalcea NRRL 11289. A large type-I polyketide synthase gene cluster was present in each genome of Micromonospora sp. TP-A0316 and M. okii TP-A0468ᵀ. It was an ortholog of quinolimidomicin-BGC of M. chalcea AK-N57 and widely distributed in the genus Micromonospora.


Bridging the Gap between Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Metaproteomic Approach for Biomarker Discovery in Transgenic Mice

Esra Ayan, Hasan DeMirci, Muhittin Abdulkadir Serdar, Francesca Palermo and Ahmet Tarık Baykal

neurodegeneration; Alzheimer’s Disease; proteomics; metaproteomics; gut microbiota; 5xFAD mice

Abstract: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressively debilitating form of dementia that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Although a vast amount of research has investigated the complex interplay between gut microbiota and neurodegeneration, the metaproteomic effects of microbiota on AD pathogenesis remain largely uncharted territory. This study aims to reveal the role of gut microbiota in AD pathogenesis, particularly regarding changes in the proteome and molecular pathways that are intricately linked to disease progression. We operated state-of-the-art Nano-Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) to compare the metaproteomic shifts of 3-month-old transgenic (3M-ALZ) and control (3M-ALM, Alzheimer’s Littermate) mice, depicting the early onset of AD with those of 12-month-old ALZ and ALM mice displaying the late stage of AD. Combined with computational analysis, the outcomes of the gut–brain axis-focused inquiry furnish priceless knowledge regarding the intersection of gut microbiota and AD. Accordingly, our data indicate that the microbiota, proteome, and molecular changes in the intestine arise long before the manifestation of disease symptoms. Moreover, disparities exist between the normal-aged flora and the gut microbiota of late-stage AD mice, underscoring that the identified vital phyla, proteins, and pathways hold immense potential as markers for the early and late stages of AD. Our research endeavors to offer a comprehensive inquiry into the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and Alzheimer’s Disease utilizing metaproteomic approaches, which have not been widely adopted in this domain. This highlights the exigency for further scientific exploration to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that govern this complex and multifaceted linkage.


Plants Biodiversity in Olive Orchards and Surrounding Landscapes from a Conservation Biological Control Approach

María Villa, Sónia A. P. Santos, Carlos Aguiar and José Alberto Pereira

food sources; pollen; nectar; natural enemies; pest control; Mediterranean areas

Abstract: Many natural control agents of olive pests need pollen and nectar from non-crop plants in order to complete their life cycles. However, a deep knowledge about the occurring plant species in the agroecosystem is necessary to select the plant species to be maintained or enhanced from a conservation biological control approach. Thus, in this study, the goal was to increase the understanding about the plants’ biodiversity in an important olive-producing region in the northeast of Portugal. For that, on a weekly basis during the spring and every other week in the summer and autumn, blooming plant inventories were accomplished in three olive orchards with spontaneous vegetation and its surroundings (woody and herbaceous vegetation areas) from April to December of 2012 and 2013. The percentage ground cover for each flowering plant species was recorded following the Daubenmire cover scale modified by Bailey. A total of 258 plant species belonging to 47 families were identified. The most abundant family was Asteraceae, followed by Poaceae, Fabaceae and Brassicaceae. Several species were specific to each land use and presented different flowering periods, representing a potential variety of food sources across the seasons. Additionally, some of the identified species are known for their implications as providers of the key requisites for natural control agents. These results provided us with valuable information for the implementation of conservation biological control measures.


Long-Term Response of Floodplain Meadow Normalized Difference Vegetation Index to Hydro-Climate and Grazing Pressure: Tamir River Plains, Mongolia

Lkhaakhuu Nyamjav, Soninkhishig Nergui, Byambakhuu Gantumur, Munkhtsetseg Zorigt and Roland Jansson

NDVI; climate change; hydro-climatic factors; grazing intensity; dzud events; floodplains; Mongolia

Abstract: The greenery of floodplain meadows in arid regions, such as Mongolia, is influenced by climate, hydrology, and land use. In this study, we analyzed the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of two floodplain meadows located along the South Tamir and Tamir Rivers using LANDSAT images. Our goal was to observe NDVI spatial changes, variations, and mean values in mid-August every six years from 1991 to 2015 and to identify the factors driving these differences. To achieve this, we conducted variance analysis to identify changes in NDVI and implemented Principal Component Analysis to determine the influence of hydro-meteorological factors and grazing intensity. Our findings indicate a significant decrease in greenness, as measured by pixel-scale NDVI, during the late summer period. This decrease was consistently observed, except for a series of harsh winters that followed relatively dry summers, resulting in a disastrous event called dzud, which led to the death of livestock. The decrease in NDVI was amplified by lower precipitation in June, higher temperatures and wind speed in July, and increased precipitation in August, along with a higher frequency of days with convective rain. Our findings have important implications for managing grazing in Mongolia’s grasslands, promoting sustainable land use, and mitigating sandstorms. The variance and average values of NDVI at the pixel level can serve as reliable markers of sustainable pasture management in areas where other vegetation measures are limited.


Path Optimization of Technological Innovation Efficiency Improvement in China’s High-Tech Industries Based on QCA and GA-PSO-BP Neural Network

Yuanyuan Kou, Huiying Chen, Kai Liu, Yanping Zhou, Huajie Xu

technological innovation efficiency; path optimization; China’s high-tech industries; qualitative comparative analysis; GA-PSO-BP neural network

Abstract: Innovation is the main driving force to promote national technological progress. It is of great significance to explore the optimal path to improve innovation efficiency by using the qualitative method and neural network prediction model to promote the high-quality development of the national economy. This study focuses on high-tech industries in the eastern, central and western regions of China; a factor-dependent research framework for innovation efficiency improvement in high-tech industries is constructed in China. The fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method (QCA) is used to explore multiple paths to enhance the innovation efficiency of China’s high-tech industries. Then, a GA-PSO-BP neural network is used to construct an optimization model for the enhancement path of technological innovation efficiency, which clarifies the optimal path for the enhancement of innovation efficiency of high-tech industries in the eastern, central and western regions of China. Finally, innovation management strategies for high-tech industries are presented with regional features. The study finds that none of the individual conditions are necessary to promote the innovation efficiency of China’s high-tech industries, and only the linkage effect of the factors can achieve the goal of improving the innovation efficiency level of China’s high-tech industries. There are four configuration paths to improve the innovation efficiency of China’s high-tech industries, which are: “Multinational company (MNC) innovation—economic development—government support”; “MNC innovation—government support”; “economic development—government support”; and “economic development”. The characteristics of regional heterogeneity make differences in the optimal paths of innovation efficiency improvement in high-tech industries in eastern, central and western regions of China.


THE IMPACT OF TERRORIST ATTACKS UPON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

terrorism, global economy, Business Continuity Plan


基于线性自抗扰的开关磁阻电机控制器设计

开关磁阻电机, 双闭环控制, PI控制, 线性自抗扰控

Abstract:
开关磁阻电机（Switched Reluctance Motor，SRM），机械结构简单、稳定性好，应用范围广，工作状态时的绕组相互独立，具有调速范围宽、效率高、动态响应好等优异性能，在航空工业、新能源电动汽车、油田抽油机、家电等领域得到广泛的应用。但是，由于电机运行时磁路的非线性和转矩脉动严重，并且难以精确建立开关磁阻电机的动态模型，导致对开关磁阻电机转速的控制较为复杂，因此高性能的转速控制研究尤为重要。针对上述问题，本文提出了一种基于线性自抗扰控制（LADRC）的SRM转速双闭环控制策略，主要的工作内容有：
针对传统的PI双闭环控制SRM转速的问题，设计了基于LADRC的SRM转速控制器，为了验证LADRC转速控制策略的可行性和高效性，分别设计了转速外环PI控制和电流内环PI控制、转速外环LADRC控制和电流内环PI控制、转速外环PI控制和电流内环LADRC控制、转速外环LADRC控制和电流内环LADRC控制四种双闭环调速控制器，并且对四种控制方式在设定转速、转速突变和负载突变情况下进行仿真，验证了LADRC双闭环控制的可行性，能够较好的解决SRM调速的快速性与超调的矛盾。
针对LADRC双闭环控制SRM转速的实验验证问题，设计了基于LADRC的SRM调速控制的软硬件系统，搭建了额定功率1.5KW的三相12/8极开关磁阻电机实验平台，然后对双闭环的LADRC控制方式和双闭环的PI控制方式控制效果进行实验验证，实验结果表明，基于LADRC控制的转速双闭环控制策略在快速、超调和抗扰动方面均优于PI控制。
本文所提出的基于LADRC的转速双闭环控制策略，实现了对SRM的高性能转速控制，设计的基于LADRC的SRM控制器，具有一定工程应用价值。


PREDUZETNIČKO OKRUŽENJE I KONKURENTNOST U BIH I SRBIJI

preduzetništvo, konkurentnost, produktivnost, preduzetničko okruženje, indikatori konkurentnosti

Abstract: Bosnia and Herzegovina together with Serbia shows the poor economic performance com pared to neighbor countries, while the European average remains a remote and largely unattaina ble category. The reasons for this unsatisfactory situation are many, and this paper aims to high light the entrepreneurial aspect of the econom ic dynamics of these countries compared to the world, European and regional average. We will use comparative, statistical, dynamical and cog nitive analysis and synthesis in order to get better insight into the causes of our current situation, as well as recognizing the potential comparative advantages. Through presentation of the BiH and Serbia position in the Reports of the World Economic Forum in relation to the weighted av erages of the world, Europe and the region, and further through the analysis of the basic param eters of competitiveness and detailed analysis of business environment indicators we will reach important conclusions about the most important shortcomings and potential advantages of en trepreneurship in BiH and Serbia. These results should be kept in mind while creating future eco nomic measures, and they have considerable us able value for current and future entrepreneurs.


Unfamiliar Journey: Baudelaire in the Work of Jean-Luc Godard

Baudelaire, Godard, Poe, cinema, poetry, film theory.

Abstract: This paper examines the importance of Baudelaire and his work in the cinematographic activity of Jean Luc Godard. In the introduction, the focus is placed on the context, because the film directors of the Nouvelle Vague were very interested in reading and interpreting Baudelaire through their creations. Godard participates to this cultural trend, but he engages more than any other director in a dialogue with Baudelaire. This dialogue occurs on three levels, each one being analysed in a distinct part of the paper. Firstly, the allusions and references to Baudelaire’s work in Godard’s films are gathered and interpreted. Secondly, Baudelaire is seen through Godard’s interest in Poe’s stories and narratives. Thirdly, we emphasise and discuss the importance of Baudelaire, the art critic, for Godard, as a film theorist.


Global Large Debt Reduction: Lessons for the Caribbean

CHARLES AMO-YARTEY, JOEL CHIEDU OKWUOKEI


中国核心通货膨胀率的测算研究

通货膨胀, 核心通货膨胀, SVAR模型, 截尾平均法

Abstract:
通货膨胀是一种常见的经济现象，但是在经济学理论中，通货膨胀将会影响财富分配和产出、就业，所以有效的观测和度量通货膨胀尤为重要。
度量通货膨胀的常用指标有：居民价格指数、生产者价格指数、GDP平减指数和批发物价指数等。我国通常将CPI作为重要的度量指标，但是宏观经济形势的变动往往是多种复杂的冲击相互作用造成的结果，这也使得CPI无法准确表达国内的真实状况，成为制定货币政策的有效依据。西方经济学家认为应该根据核心通货膨胀来制定经济政策。通货膨胀应该关注的是其中能够被货币政策影响的中长期的趋势性部分。目前很多国家都用核心通货膨胀指数来评估经济状况如美国，英国，加拿大。然而，国家统计局还未正式公布核心通货膨胀指标相关信息，而且是全球主要经济体中唯一不公布核心通货膨胀率的，这对我国要在未来要应对诡谲多变的经济环境不得不说是一个缺憾。
核心通货膨胀不是一个新的概念，是对通货膨胀的一种度量方法，是较原有的度量指标，如CPI、PPI等更优的度量指标。但是，核心通货膨胀不是对原有的度量指标的替代，而是补充。关于核心通货膨胀的度量方法包括剔除法、截尾平均法、SVAR模型法和加权中位数法等。
本文旨在系统的引入核心通货膨胀理论，对通货膨胀理论和现有度量指标、核心通货膨胀定义、作用、优势、度量方法等方面做了详细的介绍和比较分析。基于Wynne（1999）、Vega和Wynne（2003）提出的核心通货膨胀率度量方法的期望性质及评价，结合中国国情，本文认为采用截尾平均法和结构向量自回归（SVAR）方法更为合理可靠。最后在核心通货膨胀的应用和方法的选择以及国家统计部门在发布通货膨胀指数的时效性和准确性上提出了建议和意见。
在目前的学术研究中采用的样本的时间不是最新的，对于现在的核心通货膨胀的研究的参考价值将会下降。一般文章都只采用一种测度方法来研究估计核心通货膨胀，但是任何一种测度方法都有其缺陷。
本文在借鉴以前学术观点的基础上进行修改，首先定义了核心通货膨胀是什么，其次构建了计量模型进行估算。本文选用SVAR模型和30％单侧截尾平均模型相结合来估算核心通货膨胀率。本文的创新之处：（1）先分别用SVAR和截尾平均法模型测算出估计值，再用加权得到最终的估计值。（2）新性的将两种模型结合，融合了两种方法的优点并做到优势互补。


霍山石斛（栽培）抗炎多糖的结构鉴定及活性评

霍山石斛, 多糖, 抗炎活性, 结构特征, 巨噬细胞

Abstract:
霍山石斛（Dendrobium huoshanense）是我国一种传统的药用植物，其茎部位可经加工成为枫斗，是一种珍贵的补品。本文以栽培的霍山石斛茎部位为原料提取多糖，以小鼠 Raw264.7 巨噬细胞为模型评价多糖的抗炎活性，并对高活性组分的结构进行解析，对其抗炎信号转导机制进行探讨，以期为阐明霍山石斛多糖功能与结构之间的联系奠定基础。
（1）以巨噬细胞释放炎性介质 NO 水平为指标，对霍山石斛不同成分进行活性导向分离，经脱脂、水提醇沉、DE-52 阴离子交换树脂分离、乙醇分级，获得 抗炎活性不同的 5 种组分，其中以多糖组分 cDHP-W1 抗炎活性最佳。
（2）理化性质分析表明，cDHP-W1 是一相对分子质量为 24 kDa、主要由 Man 和 Glc 按 1.00 : 8.21 摩尔比所组成的均一多糖，其碳水化合物含量为 97.79%， 特性粘度（ŋ）为 0.7192，并含有 4.3%乙酰基和 1.4%的糖醛酸。高碘酸氧化、FT-IR、GC-MS 及 1D 和 2D NMR 分析揭示，cDHP-W1 的主链由 1,4-linked-Glcp、 1,4-linked-Manp 和 1,4,6-linked-Glcp 所组成，其支链为 T-linked-Glcp。
（3）利用 LPS 诱导的巨噬细胞炎症模型，初步探讨了 cDHP-W1 的抗炎活性及其作用机制。浓度梯度实验表明，cDHP-W1 能够剂量依赖地抑制 LPS 诱导的 NO、PGE2、TNF-α 和 IL-1β 等炎性介质的分泌，当浓度达到 200 μg/mL 时，抑制效果最为显著。LPS 及 cDHP-W1 处理时间实验表明，当 cDHP-W1 预处理时间为 1 h、LPS 处理时间为 24 h 时，cDHP-W1 对 NO、PGE2、TNF-α 和 IL-1β 分泌的 抑制效果最佳。
RT-PCR 分析表明，不同的 LPS 及 cDHP-W1 处理时间下，iNOS、COX-2、 TNF-α 和 IL-1β 的表达量各不相同，当 cDHP-W1 预处理时间为 1 h、LPS 处理时间为 12 h 时，cDHP-W1 可显著下调 iNOS、COX-2、TNF-α 和 IL-1β 的表达。
Western Blot 分析表明，cDHP-W1 预处理 1 h 可有效抑制 LPS 激发的 p38、 ERK、JNK 的磷酸化和 IκB、p65 的核移位，提示 cDHP-W1 可通过抑制 LPS 激活的由 TLR4 介导的 NF-κB 和 MAPK 信号通路，从而抑制巨噬细胞炎性介质的表达与分泌。


概念图在初中数学教学中的应用

概念图, 初中数学教学, 教学实例, 实验研究

Abstract:
近几年，随着我国初中数学课程改革的实行推进，如何在提高课堂教学效率的同时，又能培养学生各方面的能力，成为教学者越来越关注的问题。根据新《数学课程标准》的要求：“数学学习应当是现实的、有意义的、富有挑战性的，有利于学生主动地进行观察、实验、猜测、验证、推理与交流等数学活动，动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式”。很多学者提出了小组合作，分层教学等有效的教学手段，并进行研究，撰写了相关文献。然而从小学到初中，数学知识容量增加且变得抽象，加上混合编班，班级人数多，小组合作的实施显得较为困难。
数学知识是呈现出网络结构的，数学概念、定义、算法、法则和定理之间都有一定联系。在教学中如果将数学知识用网络图呈现，则更能突出数学知识间的网络结构特征，这对数学教学也有积极作用。而概念图，可以通过形象直观的方式呈现出思维的过程和知识的关联，这对引导学生进行有意义的建构非常有帮助。所以利用概念图辅助制作教学设计，并且运用于课堂教学，可以提高课堂效率。
本文首先对国内外概念图的相关研究成果和理论基础进行综述，然后结合理论基础对当前初中数学学科教学和教学实例进行分析。并通过实验教学，分析概念图在初中数学教学中的功能和影响，希望从中归纳概念图在数学教学中的应用策略，并进行研究总结。


新创企业动态能力与商业模式创新研究——基于制度环境的调节效应

动态能力, 商业模式创新, 制度环境, 新创企业

Abstract:
伴随着网络经济的兴起，商业模式的概念被企业界所普遍接受，面对复杂和动荡的市场环境，以及日益加重的成本和竞争压力，持续不断地创新商业模式以适应市场变化成为新创企业获取竞争优势的制胜之道。以组织惯性和管理技能为基础的动态能力在企业感知市场机会、整合与重构企业内外部资源中发挥关键作用，帮助企业应对商业环境变化带来的影响，实现商业模式的调整与变革。然而，新创企业进行商业模型创新是一个复杂的演化过程，动态能力影响商业模式创新的机制依旧需要深入研究，动态能力的不同要素在商业模式创新过程中如何发挥作用还值得分析。为此，本文将基于动态能力视角，探究新创企业动态能力不同要素与商业模式创新的关系，并探讨制度环境在此过程中产生的影响。
本文针对新创企业在商业模式创新实践中存在的现实问题和理论研究的不足，提出了动态能力、商业模式创新、制度环境之间关系的框架。根据动态能力理论的观点，本文提出新创企业之所以无法有效地实施商业模式创新，在于大多数企业对于动态能力的认知不足，无法充分利用其具有的动态能力来促进商业模式创新。通过分析机会识别能力、机会利用能力、资源重构能力、风险控制能力这四种动态能力对商业模式创新的影响，本文从理论上揭示了新创企业动态能力与商业模式创新内在联系。同时引入制度环境作为调节变量，将制度理论引入到动态能力理论的框架中，探究企业外部的制度环境如何影响动态能力与商业模式创新的关系。本文利用问卷调研获得的146个企业的样本数据对理论假设进行了实证验证。实证检验结果表明：（1）新创企业动态能力正向影响商业模式创新，且这种正向关系在动态能力的四个维度上均得到体现；（2）新创企业机会识别能力正向影响机会利用能力，机会利用能力在机会识别能力与商业模式创新之间起部分中介作用；（3）新创企业资源重构能力正向影响风险控制能力，风险控制能力在资源重构能力与商业模式创新之间起部分中介作用；（4）新创企业的机会利用能力、资源重构能力、风险控制能力与商业模式创新的关系不受制度环境影响，但制度环境正向调节机会识别能力与商业模式创新的关系。最后，本文基于相关研究结论，分别从新创企业和政府部门两个方面提出了相关建议。


微纳结构铝基高能燃料的制备与燃烧性能

球磨法, 铝纳米粒子, 纳米铝热剂, 微纳结构, 润湿性

Abstract:
随着科技的发展，中国航天事业迅速崛起。作为航天领域的“动力来源”，推进剂的选择成为了重中之重，因此推进剂组分的筛选便成为了研究重点。由于火箭推进过程需要较高的能量，因此具有高放热量的金属燃烧剂便被广泛研究。铝粉由于具有耗氧量低、燃烧热高、密度大、原材料丰富、成本较低等优点，在众多金属材料中脱颖而出。目前使用的多为微米铝粉，但微米铝粉有较厚的氧化层，这使得它的燃烧速率和燃烧效率都偏低，甚至还可能带来两相流损失、尾迹热辐射和喷管污染等问题，因此需要对铝粉进行纳米化和掺杂以提高其活性；另外，新制的纳米粒子具有极高的活性，一遇空气或水便立即自燃，因此需要将其表面稳定化以保存其能量；最后为了解决纳米粒子难以和其它组分均匀混合的问题，也需对其粒径、形貌和亲水性进行改善。
首先，利用球磨技术对微米铝粉进行了纳米化研究，通过改变球磨助剂的种类、球磨助剂的添加量、球磨时间以及球料比等参数确定了高活性铝纳米粒子的制备工艺，并通过稳定化处理获得了类球形的、高比表面积的和可快速燃烧的核壳结构纳米粒子。结果表明，球磨时间的长短直接影响铝粉的活性，当球磨时间为14h，制备出的铝粉呈类球形，粒径约为30nm，比表面积超过30m2/g。此外，球磨14h的铝纳米粒子能够实现快速燃烧，产物在12V的电压下即可点燃且在2s内便可达到1000℃以上，而微米铝粉在25V的电压下仍无燃烧迹象。另外，使用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(A171)对纳米铝粉进行稳定化，相应的产物的热稳定性和疏水性都大大提高。
为了进一步提高铝纳米粒子的燃烧性质，通过向铝纳米粒子中掺杂氧化类物质对其进行改性，分别使用原位球磨法和传统的超声共混法制备出了高活性的Al/Fe2O3纳米铝热剂，并对两组产物的结构和性质进行了对比。结果表明，原位球磨法制备的纳米铝热剂混合的均匀程度更高，而传统的超声共混法制备的纳米铝热剂混合的均匀性较差，甚至会出现各自团聚的现象。此外，原位球磨法制备并稳定化的纳米铝热剂的接触角为113.01°，明显大于相应的传统的超声共混法制备产物的接触角(96.54°)，表明原位球磨法所制备的纳米铝热剂更易于保存。通过原位球磨法制备的纳米铝热剂的最优掺杂Fe2O3量为17wt%，产物的氧化速率更快，起始燃烧温度更低，初始燃烧时所需的电压更低(12V)，明显低于传统的超声共混法制备产物的燃烧电压(15V)，并且燃烧火焰更稳定和均匀。
在添加Fe2O3的基础上，又对掺杂FeF3的纳米铝热剂进行了研究，通过原位球磨技术制备了高活性的Al/FeF3纳米铝热剂，通过改变FeF3的添加量确定了Al/FeF3纳米铝热剂的制备工艺。结果表明，掺杂17wt%的FeF3样品最优。产物粒子呈类球形，平均直径为23.2nm，比表面积为26.33m2/g。另外，与未掺杂的铝纳米粒子和掺杂Fe2O3的纳米铝热剂相比，Al/FeF3纳米铝热剂的疏水性几乎没有变化，然而其初始氧化温度更低，燃烧速率更快。说明掺杂氧化类元素能够提高铝纳米粒子的燃烧性能，且所掺杂元素的氧化性越强，其提高铝纳米粒子燃烧性能的效果越明显。
利用自制的溶剂挥发法技术对微纳结构粒子的构造进行了研究，最优的产物粒子呈现球形杨梅状，粒径分布均匀且平均粒径约为10μm。制备的产物不仅保留了纳米铝热剂本身在热稳定性及燃烧方面等优异性质，其疏水角也比相应的纳米铝热剂减少了54.7%(115.12°→52.20°)，大幅度地增加粒子的流动性和润湿性，进而提高了其应用在推进剂组分中的可能性。


城乡结合地区初中生化学元素观的构建

化学元素观, 初中化学, 化学基本观念 初中化学教材, 城乡结合地区

Abstract:
笔者经过调查发现城乡结合地区的学生在初中毕业后能够升入普通高中继续学习化学课程的人数比较少；学生的学习兴趣比较低下，缺乏学习热情。大多数学生在初中毕业后只能进入没有开设化学课程的中等职业技术学校学习，意味着上述地区的大多数学生能够学习化学课程的时间只有短短的一年。然而，九年义务教育新课程目标明确要求学生在学习化学课程以后，能够从以化学的眼光认识自然、社会和环境；会利用化学手段和方法解决实际问题。因此，需要在教学过程中帮助学生进行观念的构建，养成从化学的角度分析看待事物的习惯。本文回归教材，从城乡结合地区的学生获取化学知识的主要途径入手，分析化学元素观在初中化学课程中的具体内涵；挖掘元素观在教材具体章节知识中的体现和建构体系；结合教学经验立足于该类地区的实际情况提出具有针对性的帮助学生构建化学元素观的教学方法：
把握初三年龄阶段学生的发展认知规律，以恰当的方式激发学生在学习化学学科方面的兴趣；对教材中较难知识点进行分散处理，由浅入深的进行教学；将元素概念史渗透到教学过程中发挥其价值；在学生已有生活经验之上创设教学情境；充分利用课本中的学生体验活动，消除学生在学习过程中出现的疑惑和枯燥感；充分利用现代化的仿真教学平台构建思维导图，拓展学生的活动空间等。
根据维果茨基的最近发展区理论，设计了人教版九年义务教育化学教材第三单元元素的教学案例，将提出的构建学生元素观的方法应用到教学中。大多数学生通过学习掌握了教材中元素的概念；能够快速的区分元素和原子；会利用元素符号表示常见的元素；理解了元素符号的意义；会利用元素周期表查找指定元素的信息；能够在教师的引导下梳理本课题的知识框架并画出思维导图；会从元素的角度分析看待事物。实现了教学目标的达成与元素观构建相结合，学生在跳一跳够的着的状态下轻松愉快的学习，达到教学要求的同时实现了观念的转变和构建，科学素养在一定程度上得到了提升。


课例研究促进幼儿教师教学能力发展的个案研究

课例研究, 幼儿教师, 教学能力

Abstract:
幼儿教师教学能力是决定幼儿教育教学活动有效的关键因素，不仅关系到幼儿教师自身专业发展，还关系到幼儿的学习与发展。经研究表明，课例研究是基于真实课堂教学，在有效教学理念下对教师行为有效地研究，帮助教师达成专业成长的目标。然而，在当下幼儿园的课例研究中，对课例研究价值大都围绕促进幼儿教师专业成长，《幼儿教师专业标准（试行）》中的教师各种能力是怎样发展的？哪些能力可以较快发展起来？哪些能力需要时间的延续？在课例研究中都比较笼统。因此，当下幼儿园课例研究需要寻找新的突破口，解决幼儿教师教学能力的发展问题。
本研究从课例研究的视角研究幼儿教师教学能力发展的变化过程，采用个案研究法。描述了“体验式”课例下突破教师活动准备能力、“参与式”课例下提高教师活动实施能力、“换位式”课例下整合教师教学能力的课例研究过程。之后，研究结合《幼儿教师教学能力评价表》对六名幼儿教师活动准备能力、活动实施能力以及活动总结能力进行分组前、后测，验证课例成效。
本研究在对课例研究的解读过程中，结合测查法，对教研组教师和非教研组教师进行的独立样本T检验和配对样本T检验，结果分析得出：课例研究中幼儿教师教学能力从整体上都得到了较大发展。还发现，课例研究中幼儿教师教学能力发展机制是课例研讨具体情境中问题引发幼儿教师关于目标和设计的认知冲突，基于专业共同体下形成以学为中心，在诊断、反思的作用下相互促进、相互融合，最终实现幼儿教师教学能力的发展。


Ｚ银行安徽分行银医业务服务营销策略研究

银医合作, 产品定位, 营销策略

Abstract:
随着利率市场化改革的不断加深，各项信息化技术的不断发展，市场竞争的急速加剧，商业银行与各单位的合作模式趋向专业化，服务内容精细化，因此，为了有效地营销医疗单位，各家商业银行也针对性地推出了专业化的银医合作模式。所谓的银医合作，指的是银行与医院行业，在互联网高速发展的情况下，利用不断成熟的互联网技术和支付技术，结合银行的金融领域的业务，从而赢得医院的公司业务受理权限，推广自身金融产品，拓宽银行客户群，为医院提供更加快捷、安全的结算方式和专业化的金融服务，最终获得双赢的合作模式。
随着人口环境的压力不断增大，老百姓对医疗水平的要求不断提升，就医难的问题也愈发突出，因此我国卫生部提出“三好一满意”活动的分解指标，即“服务好、质量好、医德好，群众满意”活动，并在全国各级医疗机构开展。因此，通过银医合作模式的升级带动就诊模式的技术改造，对实现各级医疗单位就诊结算流程的整合、提升民生医疗服务质量和效率，达成“三好一满意”的民生建设目标，具有重要意义。
虽然ｚ银行安徽分行目前已经意识到了营销策略在银医合作业务中的重要性，并通过营销环境评估、产品设计等方面做了许多工作，但就营销的结果来看，仍然存在银医合作模式单一、产品服务同质化严重、缺乏有效的营销渠道、服务质量下降、过程管理流程复杂、物质环境不满足需求等问题。
本文通过对ｚ银行安徽分行银医业务服务进行详细分析，了解安徽银医市场的竞争情况和客户对银医业务服务、技术的需求，设计符合顾客导向的营销战略，创造新的合作契机。再结合Ｚ银行安徽分行银医业务一直以来发展的营销优势，修正目前存在的营销劣势，识别和定位目标市场，通过差异化的银医合作服务新模式，形成竞争优势和品牌效应，最终通过创新的产品战略和多渠道的营销传播组合，达到营销目标。
本文的第一章将对论文的研究背景、国内发展现状、研究目的和意义、研究思路和方法、研究创新点进行了阐述，了解当前ｚ银行安徽分行银医业务服务的发展现状和研究其营销策略的重要性；第二章详细介绍了本论文应用的相关理论基础；第三章运用７Ｐ营销理论对Ｚ银行安徽分行银医业务服务的基本情况进行了介绍，分析了其存在的营销问题和产生问题的原因；第四章通过ＰＥＳＴ分析对Ｚ银行安徽分行银医合作业务服务的营销宏观环境进行了分析，并对其在安徽银医市场上的竞争者情况和客户需求进行了详细分析，再通过ＳＷＯＴ分析方法，了解Ｚ银行安徽分行在银医业务服务的优缺点；第五章通过综合分析的结论有针对性地对Ｚ银行安徽分行银医业务服务提出营销策略建议，分别对产品策略、价格策略、促销策略、渠道策略、人员策略、过程管理策略、有形展示策略一一进行阐述，同时对如何保证以上策略的实施提出了保障性建议。以实现稳定和发展Ｚ银行安徽分行在银医业务服务的营销目标。


配料秤在包钢烧结厂的应用

配料秤, 标定, 应用, 烧结, 配料

Abstract: 论述了烧结配料过程中的检测技术，标定的方法及自动配料的方式，并对现有的问题进行了说明。


出三招除腐败


森林生物多样性与林木害虫的自然防治

谷昭威, 曲爱军, 朱承美

Abstract: The relationship between forest biodiversity and natural control of tree pests is analysed and natural control of harmful insects in plantation ecosystem is discussed in the paper.


莫高窟保护档案数据库系统


码域滤波的基本原理

王艺, 赵明, 杜志敏, 吴伟陵

信号处理, 多用户检测, 码变换阵, 离散码变换对

Abstract: 本文基于DS-CDMA系统中的线性多用户检测提出了码变换、离散码变换时的概念，主要阐述了时域滤波的基本原理，指出线性多用户检测是一种码/时域滤波，但有关码变换的研究仍有待深入。


现代国有企业制度论略
——对国有企业活力与企业制度改革的分析


小剂量氯胺酮静脉麻醉用于人工流产术20例临床观察


单线自动循环脱挂式厢式客运索道的维修

Abstract: 本文详细介绍了黄山玉屏索道——从奥地利DOPPELMAYR公司引进的单线循环脱挂式厢式客动索道自投入运行以来所碰到的各种故障，以及为排除这些故障所采取的技术措施。可供同类索道从事设备维修的人员参考。


How Maya Archaeologists Discovered the 99% Through the Study of Settlement Patterns

Maya, archaeology, settlement patterns, elite, commoners, landscapes

Abstract: Thisarticle presents an autobiographical perspective on the changing nature of Maya archaeology, focusing on the role of settlement pattern studies in illuminating the lives of commoners as well as onthetraditional emphasis on the ruling elite. Advances in understanding the nature of nonelite peoples in ancient Maya society are discussed,as are the many current gaps in scholarly understandings of pre-Columbian Maya civilization, especially with regard to the diversity of ancient “commoners”and the difficulty in analyzing them as a single group


Causality in Thought

causal reasoning, causal judgment, causal decision making, causal attribution

Abstract: Causal knowledge plays a crucial role in human thought, but the nature of causal representation and inference remains a puzzle. Can human causal inference be captured by relations of probabilistic dependency, or does it drawonricherformsofrepresentation?Thisarticleexploresthisquestionby reviewingresearchinreasoning,decisionmaking,variousformsofjudgment, and attribution. We endorse causal Bayesian networks as the best normative framework and as a productive guide to theory building. However, it is incomplete as an account of causal thinking. On the basis of a range of experimentalwork,weidentifythreehallmarksofcausalreasoning—therole of mechanism, narrative, and mental simulation—all of which go beyond mere probabilistic knowledge. We propose that the hallmarks are closely related. Mental simulations are representations over time of mechanisms. When multiple actors are involved, these simulations are aggregated into narratives


The Evolving Understanding of Dopamine Neurons in the Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area

Stephanie C. Gantz, Christopher P. Ford, Hitoshi Morikawa, John T. Williams

pacemaker, bursting, synaptic transmission, dendritic transmission, intrinsic properties, plasticity

Abstract: Inrecentyears, thepopulationofneurons intheventral tegmental area (VTA)andsubstantianigra(SN)hasbeenexaminedatmultiplelevels.The resultsindicatethattheprojections,neurochemistry,andreceptorandion channelexpressioninthiscellpopulationvarywidely.Thisreviewcenters ontheintrinsicpropertiesandsynapticregulationthatcontroltheactivity ofdopamineneurons.Althoughalldopamineneuronsfireactionpotentials inapacemakerpatternintheabsenceofsynapticinput,theintrinsicprop ertiesthatunderliethisactivitydifferconsiderably.Likewise,thetransition intoaburst/pausepatternresults fromcombinationsof intrinsicioncon ductances, inhibitoryandexcitatorysynapticinputsthatdifferamongthis cellpopulation.Finally,synapticplasticityisakeyregulatoroftherateand patternofactivityindifferentgroupsofdopamineneurons.Throughthese fundamentalproperties, theactivityofdopamineneuronsisregulatedand underliesthewide-rangingfunctionsthathavebeenattributedtodopamine.


Consistent Individual Behavioral Variation: What Do We Know and Where Are We Going?

Kate L. Laskowski, Chia-Chen Chang, Kirsten Sheehy, Jonathan Aguiñaga

animal personality, behavioral syndromes, temperament, coping styles

Abstract: The study of individual behavioral variation, sometimes called animal personalities or behavioral types, is now a well-established area of research in behavioral ecology and evolution. Considerable theoretical work has developed predictions about its ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences, and studies testing these theories continue to grow. Here, we synthesize the current empirical work to shed light on which theories are well supported and which need further refinement. We find that the major frameworks explaining the existence of individual behavioral variation, the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis and state-dependent feedbacks models, have mixed support. The consequences of individual behavioral variation are well studied at the individual level but less is known about consequences at higher levels such as among species and communities. The focus of this review is to reevaluate and reestablish the foundation of individual behavioral variation research: What do we know? What questions remain? And where are we going next?


Capital Flows and Leverage

capital flows, leverage, intermediation, banking flows, corporate debt

Abstract: This article surveys the literature on capital flows and leverage. We summa rize results from the existing papers and document new facts. The empirical literature takes both a macro and a micro approach.The macroapproachfo cuses on aggregate data both over time and in the cross-section of countries, andit documentsapositivecorrelation between total capital flows,build-ups in terms of external and domestic debt to GDP ratio, and financial crises. The micro approach uses granular data and focuses on leverage at the firm and bank level and associates this leverage with country-level capital flows and related exchange rate movements. We document new facts from a hy brid approach that focuses on the relationship between sector-level capital f lows and sectoral leverage. We highlight the interconnections between dif ferent approaches and argue that harmonization of the macro and micro approaches can yield a more complete understanding of the effect of capital f lowsoncountry-,sector-,and firm- and bank-level leverage associated with credit booms and busts


One-Carbon Metabolism: Linking Nutritional Biochemistry to Epigenetic Programming of Long-Term Development

Constance E. Clare, Amey H. Brassington, Wing Yee Kwong, Kevin D. Sinclair

folate, vitamin B12, epigenetics, genetic variants, DNA methylation, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, assisted reproduction

Abstract: One-carbon (1C) metabolism comprises a series of interlinking metabolic pathways that include the methionine and folate cycles that are central to cellular function, providing 1C units (methyl groups) for the synthe sis of DNA, polyamines, amino acids, creatine, and phospholipids. S adenosylmethionine is a potent aminopropyl and methyl donor within these cycles and serves as the principal substrate for methylation of DNA, asso ciated proteins, and RNA. We propose that 1C metabolism functions as a key biochemical conduit between parental environment and epigenetic reg ulation of early development and that interindividual and ethnic variability in epigenetic-gene regulation arises because of genetic variants within 1C genes, associated epigenetic regulators, and differentially methylated tar get DNA sequences. We present evidence to support these propositions, drawing upon studies undertaken in humans and animals. We conclude that future studies should assess the epigenetic effects of cumulative (multigener ational) dietary imbalances contemporaneouslyinbothparents,asthisbetter represents the human experience


MY ROAD TO BIOPHYSICS: Picking Flowers on the Way to Photosynthesis

EPR, ENDOR, fluctuation spectroscopy, nuclear polarization, bacterial photosynthesis, protein crystallization


Single-Crystal Infrared Detectors Based Upon Intrinsic Absorption

F. F. RIEKEt, L. H. DEVAUX, A. J. TUZZOLINO


Energy transition and the role of system integration of the energy, water and environmental systems

Hrvoje Mikulčić, Jakov Baleta, Jiří Jaromír Klemes, Xuebin Wang

Energy transition, Decarbonisation, Sustainability, System integration, Climate change

Abstract: Time is running out, while it is becoming obvious that many countries may fail to meet Paris Agreement goals. More intensive efforts should be invested with a strong emphasis on emissions decarbonisation of all sectors and energy transition towards more renewable energy sources. This work provides an overview of the impact of the energy transition on the environment, energy and water systems and the need for integration of these systems. Reduction of carbon-related emissions has been identified as the common topic through reliance on the circular economy concept, taking into account the economic dimension in an attempt to decouple economic growth from emissions. Advanced control concepts, mathematical modelling and integration of renewable energy sources with carbon capture and storage and sewage sludge treatment can be recognised as dominant topics through the recognition that energy transition offers a solution to emission problem, but raises further challenges by introducing disbalance between supply and demand side of energy systems. It is expected that present contribution will identify dominant trends under the common divisor of the energy transition and foster discussion among the experts for future studies.


Development of low-cost air quality stations for next-generation monitoring networks: calibration and validation of NO₂ and O₃ sensors

Alice Cavaliere, Lorenzo Brilli, Bianca Patrizia Andreini, Federico Carotenuto, Beniamino Gioli, Tommaso Giordano, Marco Stefanelli, Carolina Vagnoli, Alessandro Zaldei, and Giovanni Gualtieri

Abstract: A pre-deployment calibration and a field validation of two low-cost (LC) stations equipped with O₃ and NO₂ metal oxide sensors were addressed. Pre-deployment calibration was performed after developing and implementing a comprehensive calibration framework including several supervised learning models, such as univariate linear and non-linear algorithms, and multiple linear and non-linear algorithms. Univariate linear models included linear and robust regression, while univariate non-linear models included a support vector machine, random forest, and gradient boosting. Multiple models consisted of both parametric and non-parametric algorithms. Internal temperature, relative humidity, and gaseous interference compounds proved to be the most suitable predictors for multiple models, as they helped effectively mitigate the impact of environmental conditions and pollutant cross-sensitivity on sensor accuracy. A feature analysis, implementing dominance analysis, feature permutations, and the SHapley Additive exPlanations method, was also performed to provide further insight into the role played by each individual predictor and its impact on sensor performances. This study demonstrated that while multiple random forest (MRF) returned a higher accuracy than multiple linear regression (MLR), it did not accurately represent physical models beyond the pre-deployment calibration dataset, so a linear approach may overall be a more suitable solution. Furthermore, as well as being less computationally demanding and generally more suitable for non-experts, parametric models such as MLR have a defined equation that also includes a few parameters, which allows easy adjustments for possible changes over time. Thus, drift correction or periodic automatable recalibration operations can be easily scheduled, which is particularly relevant for NO₂ and O₃ metal oxide sensors. As demonstrated in this study, they performed well with the same linear model form but required unique parameter values due to intersensor variability.


Membership datoriale e contrattazione collettiva in Italia: evidenze empiriche da un’indagine INAPP

two-tier system of bargaining; decentralisation of collective bargaining; Italian firms

Abstract:
Decentralization of collective bargaining is considered a key element to introduce innovations and changes work’s organization. Since 2011, European institutions too have promoted the dissemination of collective agreements more sensitive to corporate market conditions.
What is the role of employer’s associations in this context? The article intends to provide an analysis in this regard, using data from the INAPP-RIL survey conducted on a sample of about 26,000 Italian firms. After studying the trend of membership rates and membership density over time, as well as the determinants that influence membership, the article focuses on the latter's influence on the dissemination and coverage of collective cross-sector bargaining.
On the basis of the main evidence contained in the descriptive analyses, it may seemingly be stated that the barycentre of the Italian collective bargaining system - the «National Collective Labour Agreement» - has not been affected by the European, legislative and social partners “multilevel” drive in favour of its decentralisation.
Indeed the multi-employer bargaining has continued to be applied outside of an association membership logic: there has been an increase in the share of firms that state to apply a sectoral agreement spontaneously, without joining an Employers’ Association. The Employers’ Association fragmentation is a context which conceals the proliferation of the so called Pirate Agreements, that is a system characterised by a self-opting out of the collective agreement.
At the same time, and perhaps for the same reasons, second-level bargaining is at a standstill. In fact, traditional motivations related to competitiveness continue to make it preferable for small and medium sized firms to maintain the centrality of the national sectoral collective agreement.


A New Approach for the Facile Preparation of Metal–Organic Framework Composites Directly Contacting with Metal Nanoparticles through Arc Plasma Deposition

Masaaki Sadakiyo, Shotaroo Yoshimaru, Hidetaka Kasai, Kenichi Kato, Masaki Takata, Miho Yamauchi

Abstract: The arc plasma deposition (APD) method is first applied to prepare metal–organic framework (MOF) composites loading metal nanoparticles having a direct contact with the MOF. We demonstrate the detailed growth mechanism of metal particles on the MOFs and the applicability of the APD for various combinations of metals and MOFs.


Gene Replacement by a Selectable Marker in the Filamentous Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Nalleli Garcia, Alexa N. Farmer, Richmond Baptiste, Jessie Fernandez

Magnaporthe oryzae, Primer design, Protoplast transformation, Gene deletion, Split marker, Homologous recombination, ILV1, Hygromycin, DNA extraction

Abstract: Magnaporthe oryzae is a filamentous fungus responsible for the detrimental rice blast disease afflicting rice crops worldwide. For years, M. oryzae has served as an excellent model organism to study plant pathogen interactions due to its sequenced genome, its amenability to functional genetics, and its capacity to be tracked in laboratory settings. As such, techniques to genetically manipulate M. oryzae for gene deletion range from genome editing via CRISPR-Cas9 to gene replacement through homologous recombination. This protocol focuses on detailing how to perform gene replacement in the model organism, M. oryzae, through a split marker method. This technique relies on replacing the open reading frame of a gene of interest with a gene conferring resistance to a specific selectable chemical, disrupting the transcription of the gene of interest and generating a knockout mutant M. oryzae strain.


Implementing VIPER for Imaging Cellular Proteins by Fluorescence Microscopy

Julia K. Doh, Caroline A. Enns, Kimberly E. Beatty

Protein tag, Fluorescence, Labeling, Microscopy, Cell biology, Peptide, Biochemistry

Abstract: Genetically-encoded tags are useful tools for multicolor and multi-scale cellular imaging. Versatile Interacting Peptide (VIP) tags, such as VIPER, are new genetically-encoded tags that can be used in various imaging applications. VIP tags consist of a coiled-coil heterodimer, with one peptide serving as the genetic tag and the other (“probe peptide”) delivering a reporter compatible with imaging. Heterodimer formation is rapid and specific, allowing proteins to be selectively labeled for live-cell and fixed-cell imaging. In this Bio-Protocol, we include a detailed guide for implementing the VIPER technology for imaging receptors on live cells and intracellular targets in fixed cells. This protocol is complemented by two other Bio-Protocols outlining the use of VIPER (Doh et al., 2019a and 2019b).


Isolation and ex vivo Expansion of Limbal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Naresh Polisetti, Lyne Sharaf, Thomas Reinhard, Günther Schlunck

Limbal mesenchymal stromal cells, Limbal niche cells, Limbal stem cells, Cornea, Isolation, Expansion

Abstract: Limbal mesenchymal stromal cells (LMSC), a cellular component of the limbal stem cell niche, have the capability of determining the fate of limbal epithelial progenitor cells (LEPC), which are responsible for the homeostasis of corneal epithelium. However, the isolation of these LMSC has proven to be difficult due to the small fraction of LMSC in the total limbal population, and primary cultures are always hampered by contamination with other cell types. We recently published the efficient isolation and functional characterization of LMSC from the human corneal limbus using CD90 as a selective marker. We observed that flow sorting yielded a pure population of LMSC with superior self-renewal capacity and transdifferentiation potential, and supported the maintenance of the LEPC phenotype. Here, we describe an optimized protocol for the isolation of LMSC from cadaveric corneal limbal tissue by combined collagenase digestion and flow sorting with expansion of LMSC on plastic.


Primed Track: Reliable Volumetric Single-cell Tracking and Lineage Tracing of Living Specimen with Dual-labeling Approaches

Maaike Welling, Konstantinos Kalyviotis, Periklis Pantazis

Pre-implantation embryos, Mouse, Lineage tracing, Tracking, Primed conversion, Photoconvertible proteins, Live imaging, Dual color fluorescent labeling

Abstract: Mammalian embryonic development starts with a single fertilized zygote that develops into a blastocyst embryo consisting of three cell types that evolve into either embryonic or extra-embryonic tissues. Lineage tracing of these cells can provide important information about the molecular and cellular dynamics contributing to fate allocation during early development. While global labeling techniques allow for visualization of all cells at the same time, lineage tracing of cells over several divisions can become complicated due to embryo movement and rotation as well as increasing cell densities. Here, we use green-to-red photoconvertible proteins for both global and sparse labeling of cells of interest in the developing murine embryo. We use primed conversion to achieve precise photoconversion of single nuclei in 4-cell stage embryos followed by volumetric live imaging to capture development up to the blastocyst stage. We developed an image analysis pipeline, called primed Track, that uses the dual labeling strategy for both straightforward segmentation and registration of all cells in the embryo as well as correction of rotational and spatial drift. Together, this strategy allows for reliable and fast tracking and lineage tracing of individual cells, even over increased imaging time intervals that result in a major reduction in data volume, all essential conditions for volumetric long-term imaging techniques.


Increasing the Membrane Permeability of a Fern with DMSO

Filmy ferns, Membrane permeability, DMSO, Propidium iodide

Abstract: Cell membrane prevents the entrance of extra molecules (e.g., transcription and translation inhibitors) into the cell. For studying the physiological effects of transcription and translation inhibitors on Hymenophyllum caudiculatum fronds, we incubate fronds with 0.1% DMSO to test if this increases cell membrane permeability relative to incubation with ultrapure water. The study showed that DMSO could significantly improve the cell membrane permeability of filmy fronds.


Y Ferch ym Myd y Faled Delweddau o’r ferch ym maledi’r ddeunawfed ganrif


The Imam’s Daughter


Scandalizing Jesus?: Kazantzakis's The last temptation of Christ fifty years on


Rydin’ the Storm Out


Heilung oder Humbug? 150 alternativmedizinische Verfahren von Akupunktur bis Yoga


Office of Kink and Karma: Tri Me


RUNNING TO PARADISE Yeats's Poetic Art


The war at home : a wife’s search for peace (and other missions impossible)


Careers for Legal Eagles & Other Law-and-order Types VGM Careers for You Series


The Enthusiast’s Guide to DIY Photography


ENGENDERING A NATION A feminist account of Shakespeare’s English histories


The Book of the Links
a Symposium on Golf

Martin H.E Sutton, Bernard Darwin, H.S. Colt

Abstract:
The Book of the Links features selected writings from prominent golf figures of the early 20ᵗʰ century, including Martin H.E Sutton, Bernard Darwin, and H.S. Colt. Written in 1912, this collaborative guide provides rare insight into the methods and philosophies that were used to design, construct, and maintain the world’s most renowned golf courses.
According to Sutton, “In producing this volume, it has been my aim to provide in the first instance a compendium of information, of a more complete character than has before been compressed into a single volume, on all the points upon which golf secretaries, green committees, and greenkeepers desire instruction.”
Inside this classic of golf literature, the authors detail the essential features of an ideal golf course and provide insight on the proper methods of greenkeeping and design. Along with their first-hand narrative, all of the original photos and sketches have been included, ensuring that every element of the first edition has a been carefully preserved.


Ressources minérales et énergie dans le contexte de la transition énergétique


Love Lasts Forever


It's Not Me, It's You


PREGNANT ON THE UPPER EAST SIDE?


Kann die Riester-Rente die Absenkung des Rentenniveaus kompensieren?

Pension reform in Germany, Riester pension, Riester subsidy

Abstract: Eine sozialpolitische Bewertung der Riester-Förderung ist auf der Grundlage der bislang verfügbaren Datenlage und Messkonzepte nicht möglich. Zum einen bedarf es einer transparenten und nach sozialen Kriterien differenzierten Darstellung der Leistungsrücknahmen in der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung. Zum anderen muss die Frage beantwortet werden, ob das Ziel der Riester-Förderung erreicht wird, nämlich die reduzierten individuellen Ansprüche aus der ersten Säule mit neu erworbenen Ansprüchen aus der zweiten und dritten Säule zu kompensieren. Der Beitrag plädiert für Wirkungs- und Verteilungsanalysen von Rentenreformen, so wie sie für Arbeitsmarktreformen selbstverständlich existieren.


Existenzgründungsförderung für Arbeitslose – Neue Ergebnisse für Deutschland

Marco Caliendo, Viktor Steiner, Hans J.Baumgartner


Werden die Sozialdemokraten nicht mehr gebraucht?


INTERVIEW MIT C. KATHARINA SPIESS „Infoworkshop bestärkt vor allem Nichtakademikerkinder in ihrer Studienabsicht“


"Wenn wir heute investieren, dannitte in zukunftsfähige Technologien"


Ostsee-Pipeline: Die Gewinne werden neu verteilt


Grundlinien der Wirtschaftsentwicklung 2006/2007


IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten: Überblick und erste Ergebnisse

Herbert Brücker, Nina Rother, Jürgen Schupp


Wandel in der Arbeitswelt

Michael Arnold, Anselm Mattes, Cert G. Wagner, Aleksandar Zalkan, Claudia Kemfert, Stefan Bach

labor force participation, middle class, atypical employment, SOEP

Abstract: Since the 1980s, in (West)Germany has been a substantial decline in the number of people of working age who are not in paid employment. Accordingly, the share of 18- to 67-year-olds without a job has also fallen. This increase in employment figures primarily benefited those in marginal employment or solo entrepreneurs and had less of an impact on those in typical employment. In fact, the present analysis, based on data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study, shows that there has been no decline in the share of those of working age who are in typical employment. However, individuals in atypical employment are exposed to some very specific risks. There are various possible measures that may help counteract this type of employment, including abolishing the special legislation on “mini-jobs” (salary of up to 450 euros per month), expanding childcare options, and introducing mandatory retirement and accident insurance for the uninsured self-employed.


Ein Instrument zur Messung der Preisentwicklung auf dem Wohnungsmarkt: Das Beispiel Berlin

Home rents and prices, hedonic regression, German regions, Berlin


Power Exchanges in the Liberalised Electricity Market


基于 SOM 聚类的典型车况和动力匹配分析与决策

高 涛, 丁伟东, 张敏, 谭魏盟, 赵祥模

典型车况, 动力匹配分析, 自组织特征映射网络

Abstract: 在残酷的重型卡车市场竞争环境下，如何客观分析用户的动力配置需求，并对其进行最优配置是车企始终追求的目标。基于车速与车辆工况最强相关的观点，首先对车载数据终端所采集的样本数据进行预处理，采用自组织特征映射网络 (self-organizing feature map，SOM) 聚类分析方法进行速度分布聚类。然后针对不同类型车辆真实数据的聚类结果，总结出各 类车型的典型工况。最后结合典型工况与车辆具体配置进行动力匹配分析，从而挖掘出各类车辆的工况需求和动力配置要求。数据化的需求分析为车企在研发、生产、销售等环节消除了歧义，降低了质量投诉以及售后支出，这表明该方案在实践中有着重要的实用价值。


为中国式现代化贡献中国工人力量


扛责上肩持续发力推进党风廉政建设


高职高专护理专业协同育人培养模式的探索与实践

医教协同,护理教育,培养模式

Abstract: 如何培养高素质技能型护理人才是专科护理教育长期研究的重要课题。本研究以楚雄医药高等专科学校护理教学改革为切入点，在深入教学医院调研基础上，指出护理协同育人应重视医教协同宣传，明确实用型护理人才培养目标，加强师资队伍建设，推进教学模式改革。


气相色谱法测定地表水中三溴甲烷

吹扫捕集,气相色谱法,地表水,三溴甲烷

Abstract: 建立了吹扫捕集气相色谱法测定地表水中三溴甲烷的方法。该方法具有灵敏度高、检出限低、定量准确、操作简便等特点。三溴甲烷在一定浓度范围内线性关系良好，当进样量为5mL时，检出限为0.08μg/L，加标回收率在93.9%~104.5%之间，适用于地表水中三溴甲烷的测定。


石粉含量对再生混凝土氯离子渗透性能的影响

王磊, 张军豪, 洪陈凯, 白龙臻

再生混凝土,石粉,氯离子渗透,拟合公式,作用机理

Abstract: 以C60混凝土破碎、筛分成再生骨料配置C30、C40、C50混凝土为试验对象，研究机制砂石粉含量变化对再生混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能影响. 研究结果表明，C40、C50混凝土石粉含量在8%左右，C30混凝土石粉含量在 12%左右，抗氯离子渗透性能最佳，并从微观角度给出了石粉对不同强度等级再生混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能作用机理. 同时，通过对氯离子渗透系数时变规律的研究，给出了C30~C50再生混凝土氯离子渗透系数的拟合公式.


油田数字化建设存在问题与对策分析

油田数字化,建设,问题,对策

Abstract: 油田的数字化建设主要是在信息技术等高科技手段的加持下，采用地理信息数据、电子地图数据以及高分辨率的地理信息卫星来实现油田的勘探、开发、运输、销售的全流程作业，实现油田日常管理的高效与科学，同时在节省大量资源与成本的同时达到最高的经济效益。我国石油储量总量比较丰富，经过一段时间以来的发展，石油勘探开采已经取得了一定的成果，然而依然还存在着许多问题， 采用数字化的管理模式能够在一定程度上解决这些油田管理的痼疾，并实现石油企业的现代化升级，从而向着更高、更远的发展目标迈进。


房地产企业土地增值税税收筹划相关问题及对策

房地产企业,土地增值税,税收筹划

Abstract: 房地产行业的健康发展对我国经济健康增长有举足轻重的作用。作为开发成本的重要组成部分， 土地增值税是房地产企业税收筹划的重要对象。本文在对土地增值税的理论概述基础上，基于目前我国房地产企业土地增值税税收筹划的四条路径和三项原则，提出了企业在税收筹划过程中面临的困境，并列出应对策略，以期对房地产企业的税收筹划提供经验参考，促进行业 的持续健康发展。


奥美拉唑预防应激性黏膜病变的临床观察

应激性,奥美拉唑,黏膜病变

Abstract: 目的 探讨分析使用奥美拉唑预防应激性黏膜病变的临床效果和药效作用机制。方法 按数字表法随机选取 2013 年 5 月－2015 年 3 月就诊并接受骨科手术患者 100 例，根据用药的不同而分成对照组和观察组各 50 例，观察组使用奥美拉唑预防应激性黏膜病变，而对照组使用雷尼替丁加以预防，统计比较两组患者预防效果。 结果 观察组患者术后黑便、出血等应激反应发生率合计为24.00% ，而对照组各术后应激反应发生率合计则为 68.00% ，观察组应激反应发生率显著较低，且组间差异在统计学上有意义( P ＜ 0. 05) ; 观察组用药后抑酸效果相对观 察者速度较慢，但是最终 pH 值差异无统计学意义( P ＞ 0.05) ; 观察组患者用药后出现恶心、皮疹等不良用药反应概率合计12.0% 低于对照组的 26. 0% ，组间差异在统计学上无意义( P ＞ 0. 05) 。结论 使用奥美拉唑预防应激性黏膜病变效果明显，奥美拉唑能够改善患者胃液 pH 值、通过抑制胃酸分泌保护黏膜细胞，明显降低患者应激性黏膜病变的发生率，用药后患者感染、黑便等各应激反应发生率明显降低，且安全可靠。


移情在英语教学中的应用

移情, 赏识, 英语教学

Abstract: 学生在教学中获得良好的情感体验，是提高其学习积极性与主动性的关键。在英语教学过程中，教师要科学运用教材的情感资源，进行移情性备课，并要以情移情，彰显教师的真爱。同时，教师要赏识学生，提高学生的自信心，让学生产生良好的情感体验，真正促进学生的学习。


基于GSM网络和485总线的农业监控系统设计

可晓海, 张文超, 唐开辉, 路翀

分体式, 监控系统, GSM, 485总线, 传感器

Abstract: 针对传统农业检测仪器的不足，结合西北地区实际需求，融合仪器仪表检测技术、自动化控制技术、传感器技术、远程监控和局域网技术，采用分体式模块结构的思想，设计一种远程监控、智能调节的农业仪器监控系统来调节大棚的环境气候，确保农作物处于适宜的生长环境。


汉中：思想赋能，争当新时代高质量发展排头兵


《中国药业》重返“中国科技核心期刊”


3 种复合材料的体内相容性比较

银保, 汤逊, 熊成东, 何祺, 尹劲

聚-D，L-乳酸, β-磷酸三钙, 可吸收材料, 组织学, 电镜

Abstract: 目的 观察 3 种可吸收柱状材料植入动物体内的组织相容性，为临床应用提供依据。方法 选择 60 只 新西兰大白兔，按随机数字表法分成 3 组，每组 20 只，雌雄各半，分别将 6% β-磷酸三钙( β-TCP) /聚-D，L-乳 酸( PDLLA) 、12% β-TCP/PDLLA 和纯 PDLLA 3 种可吸收柱状材料植入兔右侧股骨髁及臀外侧肌肉内; 左侧为对照组。术后 4、8、12、16 及 24 周取出材料进行大体观察和光镜观察。6% β-TCP/PDLLA 复合材料行植入前及术后 8、16、24 周电镜观察。结果 所有动物术后一般情况良好。术后伤口无红肿，均一期愈合，2 周内缝线自行脱落。实验周期内无感染、化脓及组织液化。24 周时 6% β-TCP/PDLLA 组柱状材料，部分被新生骨组织吸收替代，骨小梁排列较整齐，可见哈弗管及致密骨形成; 12% β-TCP/PDLLA 组柱状材料见大量新生骨组织替代，也可见致密骨形成，但其降解吸收相对较快; 纯 PDLLA 组柱状材料骨组织形成相比另 2 组成骨量较少。6% β-TCP/PDLLA 材料 24 周时电镜下材料内层水解明显，因被降解吸收，多部位出现塌陷而结构紊乱破损，内部见大量无裂隙的扭曲样改变。对照组 24 周时骨小梁进行改建，可见致密的板层骨，但仍有较多腔隙。结论 3 种可吸收柱状材料的组织相容性良好，6% β-TCP/PDLLA 材料降解过程较另 2 组材料平稳，可能是较为理想的椎体重建可吸收复合材料。


Capturing the signalling dynamics of the MAPK-AKT-mTOR pathway in a single targeted phosphoproteomics assay

Donna O. Debets, Juan Manuel Valverde, Maarten Altelaar

Abstract: The MAPK-AKT-mTOR protein network integrates extra- and intracellular signals to determine cellular fate, regulating pivotal biological processes such as cell growth and metabolism. Due to this crucial role, pathway dysregulation has been implicated in multiple diseases, such as metabolic disorders and cancer. The MAPK-AKT-mTOR pathway consists of dozens of proteins and signal transduction is primarily driven by protein phosphorylation. Here, we present a targeted phosphoproteomics assay to study the phosphorylation dynamics of the MAPK-AKT-mTOR pathway in detail with high sensitivity and in a high throughput manner. By using a multi-protease approach, we increased the pathway coverage with phosphosites that were previously inaccessible. This novel approach yields the most comprehensive method for the detailed study of mTOR signalling to date (covering 150 phosphopeptides on more than 70 phosphoproteins), which can be applied to in vitro and in vivo systems and has the sensitivity to be compatible with small sample amounts. We demonstrate the feasibility of this assay to monitor the plasticity of MAPK-AKT-mTOR phosphorylation dynamics in response to cellular stimuli with high temporal resolution and amino acid residue specificity. We found highly dynamic phosphorylation events upon treatment with growth factors, revealing the sequential nature of phosphosites in this signalling pathway. Furthermore, starvation of glucose and amino acids showed upregulation of AKT-targets PRAS40T246 and FOXO3T32, highlighting the role of AKT in cellular response to starvation. These findings illustrate the potential of this assay to obtain new biological insight when monitoring dynamics of functional phosphosites.


Interplay between coding and exonic splicing regulatory sequences

Nicolas Controdona, Fabien Aubé, Jean-Baptiste Claude, Hélène Polvêche, Sébastien Lemaire, Léon-Charles Tranchevent, Laurent Modolo, Franck Mortreux, Cyril F. Bourgeois, Didier Auboeuf

Abstract: The inclusion of exons during the splicing process depends on the binding of splicing factors to short low-complexity regulatory sequences. The relationship between exonic splicing regulatory sequences and coding sequences is still poorly understood. We demonstrate that exons that are coregulated by any splicing factor share a similar nucleotide composition bias. We next demonstrate that coregulated exons preferentially code for amino acids with similar physicochemical properties because of the non-randomness properties of the genetic code. Indeed, amino acids sharing physicochemical properties correspond to codons that have the same nucleotide composition bias. These observations reveal an unanticipated bidirectional interplay between the physicochemical features encoded by exons and exon splicing regulation by splicing factors. We propose that the splicing regulation of an exon by a splicing factor is tightly interconnected with the physicochemical properties of the exon-encoded protein domain depending on the splicing-factor affinity for specific nucleotides.


Elevated nest temperature has opposing effects on host species infested with parasitic nest flies

Lauren Albert, Samantha Rumschlag, Alexandra Parker, Grace Vaziri, Sarah A. Knutie

eastern bluebird, ectoparasites, host defenses, Protocalliphora sialia, 20 temperature effects, tree swallow, resistance

Abstract: Environmental factors, such as elevated temperature, can have varying effects on hosts and their parasites, which can have consequences for disease outcomes. The individual direct effects of temperature must be disentangled to determine the net-effect in host-parasite relationships, yet few studies have determined the net-effects in a multi-host system. To address this gap, we experimentally manipulated temperature and parasite presence in the nests of two host species infested by parasitic blowflies (Protocalliphora sialia). We conducted a factorial experiment by increasing temperature (or not) and removing all parasites (or not) in the nests of eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) and tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). We then measured nestling morphometrics, blood loss, and survival and quantified parasite abundance. We predicted that if temperature had a direct effect on parasite fitness, then elevated temperature would cause similar directional effects on parasite abundance across host species. If temperature had a direct effect on hosts, and therefore an indirect effect on the parasite, parasite abundance would differ across host species. Heated swallow nests had fewer parasites compared to non-heated nests. In contrast, heated bluebird nests had more parasites compared to non-heated nests. The results of our study demonstrate that elevated temperature can have differential effects on host species, which can impact infestation susceptibility. Furthermore, changing climates could have complex net-effects on parasite fitness and host health across multi-host-parasite interactions.


iBRAB: in silico based-designed Broad-spectrum Fab against H1N1 Influenza A Virus

Phuc-Chau Do, Trung H. Nguyen, Uyen T.M. Vo, Ly Le

H1N1, antigen-binding fragment, protein modeling, flexible docking

Abstract: Influenza virus A is a significant agent involved in the outbreak of worldwide epidemics, causing millions of fatalities around the world by respiratory diseases and seasonal illness. Many projects had been conducting to investigate recovered infected patients for therapeutic vaccines that have broad-spectrum activity. With the aid of the computational approach in biology, the designation for a vaccine model is more accessible. We developed an in silico protocol called iBRAB to design a broad-reactive Fab on a wide range of influenza A virus. The Fab model was constructed based on sequences and structure of available broad-spectrum Abs or Fabs against a wide range of H1N1 influenza A virus. As a result, the proposed Fab model followed iBRAB has good binding affinity over 27 selected HA of different strains of H1 influenza A virus, including wild-type and mutated ones. The examination also took by computational tools to fasten the procedure. This protocol could be applied for a fast designed therapeutic vaccine against different types of threats.


从《春波影》看徐士俊的戏曲观 ———兼与卓人月比较

徐士俊, 《春波影》, 主情说, 卓人月, 悲怨说

Abstract: 明末清初文人徐士俊一生文学创作颇丰，诗、词、文、曲等创作成绩斐 然，特别是杂剧《春波影》问世后，产生很大反响。 《春波影》体现了徐士俊“主情说” 与“悲怨说”的戏曲观。 其“主情说” 提倡抒写真情，将摹写真情融入戏曲创作中。 “悲怨说”则是深受好友卓人月影响。 徐士俊通过作品主题、关注人物内心变化、故 事模式及故事结局，实践卓人月的“悲怨”曲论。 徐士俊与卓人月有着共同的戏曲观 念，即“主情”，徐、卓二人“悲怨”的戏曲观既存在相同之处，亦同中有异。 从《春波 影》看徐士俊的戏曲观，有利于深化对徐士俊戏曲思想的认识，对于了解明末清初文 人的戏曲思想具有重要意义。


要重视计量单位的规范化教学

Abstract: 本文依据国家技术监督局颁布的中华人民共和国国家标准，概述了我国法定计量单位构成及其同时并用、科研和生产实践中易出现的非法定计量单位进行了归纳分析，给出了规范计量单位教学的一般原则和方法。


基于海外技术技能人才培养的工业汉语课程标准研究

陈曼倩, 刘建国, 张向辉

职业教育,国际化,工业汉语,课程标准

Abstract: 文章以国际化背景下工业汉语课程标准开发为研究对象，在系统阐释课程标准制定依据和开发思路的基础上，深入分析了工业汉语系列课程标准的设计路径与创新特色，并就课程标准实施提出若干建议，以突破传统研究概念化、浅层化、片面化的局限，以促进具有国际化视野和国际化素质的高技术技能人才的培养，同时，在国际舞台上传播中国先进技术与职业教育成果，增强我国高等职业教育的国际影响力。


美丽的成熟——记中国十大女杰刘中慧


电生理指标联合应用在颅内巨大动脉瘤手术中的作用

姜燕, 许百男, 孙正辉, 姜金利, 卜博

颅内动脉瘤, 诱发电位, 躯体感觉, 脑电描记术, 外科手术

Abstract: 目的 研究躯体感觉诱发电位（SEP）、脑电图、脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）联合应用在颅内巨大动脉瘤手术治疗中的影响及临床意义。方法 分别对23例颅内巨大动脉瘤患者进行手术直接夹闭或动脉瘤孤立加旁路移植手术，同时行SEP、脑电图和BAEP实时监测，观察手术操作对其的影响。结果 23例患者行颅内巨大动脉瘤手术操作时，均不同程度引起SEP、脑电图和BAEP的变化。其中SEP的N20、P25潜伏期延长3～5 ms，波幅较术前降低50%；BAEP的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期延长0.7～1.0 ms，Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ波幅间期及Ⅰ、Ⅴ波幅电位较术前降低30%～50%以上。结论 术中动态监测SEP、脑电图和BAEP的电位变化，可以提示颈动脉阻断后的脑灌注状态，对调整手术时间及手术方式具有重要的指导意义。


两类B样条模糊系统及其应用

谭彦华, 李洪兴, 许吉祥

B样条, 模糊系统, 逼近精度, 模糊控制, 泛逼近性

Abstract: 能够同时逼近函数及其导函数的模糊系统在应用中具有重要意义．本文利用B样条函数作为推理前件，得到了两类能够同时逼近函数及其导函数的B样条模糊系统．其中第一类B样条模糊系统是插值系统且对函数及其一阶导函数分别具有二阶和一阶逼近精度，第二类B样条模糊系统是拟插值系统且对函数及其一阶、二阶导函数均具有二阶逼近精度．最后，将这两类模糊系统应用到一级倒立摆的稳定控制中，仿真结果表明利用这两类模糊系统设计的控制器是可行的，且具有一定的鲁棒性．


综合治疗疱疹样溃疡疗效观察

疱疹样溃疡, 综合治疗, 疗效观察

Abstract: 目的 探讨综合疗法对疱疹样溃疡的治疗作用。方法 对96例疱疹样溃疡患者用甲硝唑联合利多卡因含漱液含漱，用消毒棉签蘸云南白药粉末涂敷病损面，口服余麦口咽合剂，评价其综合治疗效果。结果 痊愈70例，治愈率73%，好转24例，好转率25%，无效2例，无效率2%，总有效率98%。结论 疱疹样溃疡为复发性口腔溃疡（RAU）中的一种，采取综合疗法治疗具有较好临床疗效，能缩短病程、有效降低复发率。


右美托咪定复合氟哌利多预防剖宫产术中卡前列素氨丁三醇不良反应效果观察

右美托咪定, 氟哌利多, 卡前列素氨丁三醇, 剖宫产, 药品不良反应

Abstract: 目的 观察剖宫产术中右美托咪定复合小剂量氟哌利多预防卡前列素氨丁三醇不良反应的临床效果。方法 选择山西白求恩医院2018年12月至2019年6月收治的足月妊娠行择期剖宫产手术患者60例，按随机数字表法分为氟哌利多组（A组）和右美托咪定复合氟哌利多组（B 组），各 30 例。两组产妇剖宫产术中子宫体肌层注射卡前列素氨丁三醇，A 组给予氟哌利多，B 组给予氟哌利多+右美托咪定。结果 两组注射卡前列素氨丁三醇后5 min（T1 ）的血压及心率较入室静卧5 min（T0 ）显著升高，且A组显著高于B组（P < 0.05）。两组手术结束即刻（T2 ）平均动脉压及心率较T1时均显著降低，且B组显著低于A组（P < 0.05）。B组恶心呕吐及面部潮红发生率显著低于A组（P < 0.05）。结论 右美托咪定泵注复合氟哌利多能有效减少剖宫产术中应用卡前列素氨丁三醇所引起的不良反应，血流动力学相对稳定，且镇静满意，效果优于单用氟哌利多，安全性好。


针织工业 2010年第5期


DEBT OVERHANG, ROLLOVER RISK, AND CORPORATE INVESTMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE EUROPEAN CRISIS

Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan, Luc Laeven, David Moreno

Abstract: We quantify the role of financial factors behind the sluggish post-crisis performance of European firms. We use a firm-bank-sovereign matched database to identify separate roles for firm and bank balance sheet weaknesses arising from changes in sovereign risk and aggregate demand conditions. We find that firms with higher debt levels and a higher share of short-term debt reduce their investment more after the crisis. This negative effect is stronger for firms linked to weak banks with exposures to sovereign risk, signifying increased rollover risk. These financial channels explain about 60% of the decline in aggregate corporate investment.


Commodity Price Cycles: The Perils of Mismanaging the Boom

Commodity prices, terms of trade, economic policies

Abstract: Commodity-exporting countries have significantly benefited from the commodity price boom of recent years. At the current juncture, however, uncertain global economic prospects have raised questions about their vulnerability to a sharp fall in commodity prices and the policies that can shield it from such a shock. To address these questions, this paper takes a long term (4 decade) view at emerging markets’ commodity dependence, the history of commodity price busts and the role of policies in mitigating or amplifying their economic impact. The paper highlights the stark difference in trends between Latin America—one of the most vulnerable regions given its high, and rising, commodity dependence—and emerging Asia—which has evolved from being a net exporter to a net importer of commodities in the last 40 years. We find evidence, however, that while commodity dependence is an important ingredient, a country’s ultimate degree of vulnerability to commodity price shocks is to a great extent determined by the flexibility and quality of its policy framework. Policies in the run-up of sharp terms-of-trade drops—especially when those are preceded by booms—play a particularly important role. Limited exchange rate flexibility, a weak external position, and loose fiscal policy tend to amplify the negative effects of these shocks on domestic output. Financial dollarization also appears to act as a shock “amplifier.”


农民失地及其附属权利的丧失

农民, 失地问题, 土地权利

Abstract: 农民失地问题表面上看是农民失去土地本身，其本质内容则是农民丧失多种土地附属权利。本文借助充足的数据和实例，对农民丧失土地占有使用权、承包权、收益权、经营决策权、知情参与权等附属权利作了专门剖析。


Pedagogy versus School Readiness: The Impact of a Randomized Reading Instruction Intervention and Community-Based Playgroup Intervention on Early Grade Reading Outcomes in Tonga

Kevin Macdonald, Sally Brinkman, Wendy Jarvie, Myrna Machuca-Sierra, Kris McDonall, Souhila Messaoud-Galusi, Siosiana Tapueluelu and Binh Thanh Vu

Abstract: Identifying cost-effective interventions to improve early literacy is vital to developing countries, given the importance of early literacy for an individual’s future education outcomes and subsequent human capital formation. This paper presents the impact on early grade reading outcomes of two low-cost randomized interventions in Tonga: a reading instruction intervention and a community play-based activity intervention. The first intervention aims to improve early grade reading outcomes specifically; estimated impacts are approximately 0.3 standard deviation, although in some reading domains impacts are substantial, ranging from 0.6 to 0.7 standard deviation. The second intervention aims to improve school readiness and subsequently early grade reading outcomes, by providing communities with support to establish a community play-based activity. Using an instrumental variables approach, the play-based activity demonstrates positive impacts of around 0.2 standard deviation in many but not all reading domains. For the domains where a statistically significant impact is measured, the community play-based activity intervention is as at least as cost effective as the reading instruction intervention. The play-based activity intervention is shown to improve test scores by 0.21 to 0.47 standard deviation per US$100, depending on the reading test domain. The reading instruction intervention improves test scores by 0.08 to 0.34 standard deviation per US$100. These findings contribute further evidence on the effectiveness of reading instruction interventions, and possibly the first estimates of the impact of play group-type interventions on primary school reading outcomes


Understanding Poverty Reduction in Sri Lanka: Evidence from 2002 to 2012/13

Lidia Ceriani, Gabriela Inchauste, Sergio Olivieri

poverty, micro-decompositions, micro-simulations, Sri Lanka

Abstract: This paper quantifies the contributions to poverty reduction observed in Sri Lanka between 2002 and 2012/13. The methods adopted for the analysis generate entire counterfactual distributions to account for the contributions of demographics, labor, and non-labor incomes in explaining poverty reduction. The findings show that the most important contributor to poverty reduction was growth in labor income, stemming from an increase in the returns to salaried nonfarm workers and higher returns to self-employed farm workers. Although some of this increase in earnings may point to improvements in productivity, defined as higher units of output per worker, some of it may simply reflect increases in food and commodity prices, which have increased the marginal revenue product of labor. To the extent that there have been no increases in the volumes being produced, the observed changes in poverty are vulnerable to reversals if commodity prices were to decline significantly. Finally, although private transfers (domestic and foreign) helped to reduce poverty over the period, public transfers were not as effective. In particular, the reduction in the real value of transfers of the Samurdhi program during 2002 to 2012/13 slowed down poverty reduction.


A manual for the identification and removal of administrative barriers to investment Module 1: About the manual: the cycle of reform


LESSONS FROM THE FAMILY PLANNING EXPERIENCE FOR COMMUNITY-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

Abstract: This paper starts out reviewing and comparing the World Population Plan of Action and the UNESCO-UNEP Global Strategy for Environmental Education: the objectives, tactics, actors and institutions. Subsequently, the examination of numerous materials from the family planning field provides some examples to be emulated by community-based environmental activities in developing countries. Population, cultural and gender variables are also sought in some existing environmental education and protection efforts. It is hoped that such information will increase the ability to integrate these concerns into environmental education and public awareness programmes. The analysis builds on the author's previous research on gender issues.


ORGANISED DECENTRALISATION OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING – CASE STUDIES OF GERMANY, NETHERLANDS AND DENMARK

Abstract: This paper investigates different varieties of so called organised decentralisation of collective bargaining in Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark. Organised decentralisation occurs within the framework of sector agreements, which explicitly allow determination of terms and conditions at company level, and often set certain (minimum) level standards as well as procedure that have to be respected. German decentralisation is based on its dual-channel system and extensive use of opening clauses, which make workplace derogation from sector-level agreements possible. Dutch decentralisation is based on the dual-channel system and on framework agreements that allow company level bargaining as long as minimum stipulations are observed. Finally, Denmark combines a single-channel system with framework agreements setting minimum levels. Germany stands out as the least organised of the three. Opening and derogation clauses mean that terms and conditions in multi-employer agreements can be undercut. Vertical control over these derogations has suffered from the dual-channel representation in which works councils have a new role. The Netherlands exhibit some, very limited, elements of disorganisation and stable bargaining coverage. Decentralisation has mainly happened through framework agreements setting minimum levels or through the organised transfer of competencies to works councils. The Danish system leaves a lot of scope for local bargaining, the minimum levels are generally observed and bargaining coverage has not suffered. Based on these findings, we draw the conclusion that organised decentralisation requires articulation that preserves a regulatory function of multi-employer agreements. Preservation of multi-employer agreements in turn requires high bargaining coverage.


Cross-Country Comparison of Farm Size Distribution

Agriculture, farm size distribution, structural change

Abstract: This report summarises selected measures of the farm size distribution for fourteen OECD countries: Canada, Estonia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom (England) and the United States over the period 1995-2010. The farm size statistics are presented for four major production systems: crop, dairy, cattle and pig farming. The report documents consolidation of agricultural production in large-scale farms in most countries and sub-sectors covered by the report. Nevertheless, farm size growth rates show substantial differences across countries and periods which underlines the importance of country-specific natural, social, and economic conditions and the regulatory and policy environment for the evolution of farm structures. Increased inequality in farm size distributions, as captured using Gini coefficients, indicates a trend towards more polarized farm structures.


Optimal predictiOn pools

forecasting, GARCH, log scoring, Markov mixture, model combination, S&P 500 returns, stochastic volatility

Abstract: A prediction model is any statement of a probability distribution for an outcome not yet observed. This study considers the properties of weighted linear combinations of n prediction models, or linear pools, evaluated using the conventional log predictive scoring rule. The log score is a concave function of the weights and, in general, an optimal linear combination will include several models with positive weights despite the fact that exactly one model has limiting posterior probability one. The paper derives several interesting formal results: for example, a prediction model with positive weight in a pool may have zero weight if some other models are deleted from that pool. The results are illustrated using S&P 500 returns with prediction models from the ARCH, stochastic volatility and Markov mixture families. In this example models that are clearly inferior by the usual scoring criteria have positive weights in optimal linear pools, and these pools substantially outperform their best components.


Hepatotoxicity in hyperthyroid patient after consecutive methimazole and propylthiouracil therapies

Fernando Gomez-Peralta, Pablo Velasco-Martínez, Cristina Abreu, María Cepeda and Marta Fernández-Puente

Abstract: Methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) are widely used antithyroid drugs (ATD) that have been approved for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Hepatotoxicity may be induced by these drugs, though they exert dissimilar incidence rates of hepatotoxicity and, possibly, with different underlying pathogenic mechanisms. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman with no relevant medical history diagnosed with hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease, who developed two episodes of acute hepatitis concurrent with the consecutive administration of two different ATDs, first MMI and then PTU. Given the impossibility of administering ATDs, it was decided to perform a total thyroidectomy because the patient was found to be euthyroid at that point. Pathological anatomy showed diffuse hyperplasia and a papillary thyroid microcarcinoma of 2mm in diameter. Subsequent clinical check-ups were normal. This case suggests the importance of regular monitoring of liver function for hyperthyroid patients. Due to the potential severity of this side effect, it is recommended to determine baseline liver function prior to initiation of treatment.


Doppler Echocardiography Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Function in Patients With Angina and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

coronary flow velocity reserve, stress echocardiography, coronary microvascular dysfunction, prognosis, sex

Abstract: Echocardiographic evaluation is an essential part of the diagnostic work-up in patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) enables straightforward and reliable visualization of flow in the left anterior descending artery. In the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease, low TTDE-derived coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) is considered a marker of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). TTDE CFVR is free from ionizing radiation and widely available, utilizing high-frequency transducers, pharmacologic vasodilator stress, and pulsed-wave Doppler quantification of diastolic peak flow velocities. European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend TTDE CFVR evaluation only following preceding anatomic invasive or non-invasive coronary imaging excluding obstructive CAD. Accordingly, clinical use of TTDE CFVR is limited and CMD frequently goes undiagnosed. An evolving body of evidence underlines that low CFVR is an important and robust predictor of adverse prognosis and continuing symptoms in angina patients both with and without obstructive CAD. The majority of angina patients have no obstructive CAD, particularly among women. This has led to the suggestion that there may be a gender-specific female atherosclerotic phenotype with less epicardial obstruction, and a low CFVR signifying CMD instead. Nevertheless, available evidence indicates low CFVR is an equally important prognostic marker in both men and women. In this review, TTDE CFVR was evaluated regarding indication, practical and technical aspects, and interpretation of results. Association with symptoms and prognosis, comparison with alternative invasive and non-invasive imaging modalities, and possible interventions in angina patients with low CFVR were discussed, and key research questions were proposed.


Effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone supplementation on growth performance and small intestine characteristics in weaned pigs

Xindi Yin, Dongxu Ming, Lili Bai, Fei Wu, Hu Liu, Yifan Chen, Linlin Sun, Yidong Wan, Philip Alfred Thacker, Guoyao Wu

Abstract: This study was conducted to explore the effect of graded levels of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium (PQQ·Na₂) on the performance and intestinal development of weaned pigs. A total of 216 pigs weaned at 28 d were assigned in a randomized complete block design to 6 diets containing 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, or 7.5 mg/kg PQQ·Na₂ for 28 d. Performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal morphology, redox status, cytokines, and the expression of tight junction proteins were determined. Pig had increased ADG (linear, P < 0.01), GF (quadratic, P < 0.01), and lower diarrhea incidence (P < 0.01) with the increase of PQQ·Na₂ supplementation. Villus height increased (quadratic, P < 0.01) in all segments of the small intestine, and crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum was decreased (linear, P < 0.05) in pigs with the increase of PQQ·Na₂ supplementation. Pigs fed PQQ·Na₂-supplemented diets had higher (P < 0.05) activities of antioxidant enzymes including total superoxide dismutase in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in jejunum and ileum; catalase (CAT) in duodenum and ileum; and lower (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde concentrations in the intestinal mucosa of all segments. In the intestinal mucosa, cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, and interferon-γ were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed PQQ·Na₂-supplemented diets. The protein expression of zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in jejunum was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed diets containing PQQ·Na₂. In conclusion, these results have indicated that dietary PQQ·Na₂ supplementation improves growth performance and gut health in weaned pigs. Moreover, pigs fed diet with as low as 1.5-mg/kg PQQ·Na₂ have better performance compared with pigs fed no PQQ·Na₂-supplemented diet; pigs fed diet with 4.5-mg/kg PQQ·Na₂ have highest GF among treatments during the whole period.


An unexpected role for RNA-sensing toll-like receptors in a murine model of DNA accrual

S. Pawaria, K.L. Moody, P. Busto, K. Nündel, R. Baum, S. Sharma, E.M. Gravallese, K.A. Fitzgerald, A. Marshak-Rothstein

TLR7, TLR9, DNaseII, arthritis, autoantibody, anti-nuclear antibody, splenomegaly, extramedullary haematopoiesis, STING, bifunctional antibody

Abstract:
Objective. The goal of this study was to determine whether endosomal Tolllike receptors (TLRs) contribute to the clinical manifestation of systemic autoimmunity exhibited by mice that lack the lysosomal nuclease DNaseII.
Methods. DNaseII/IFNaR double deficient mice were intercrossed with Unc93b13d/3d mice to generate DNaseII-/- mice with non-functional endosomal TLRs. The resulting triple deficient mice were evaluated for arthritis, autoantibody production, splenomegaly, and extramedullary haematopoiesis. B cells from both strains were evaluated for their capacity to respond to endogenous DNA by using small oligonucleotide based TLR9 ligands and a novel class of bifunctional anti-DNA antibodies.
Results. Mice that fail to express DNaseII, IFNaR, and Unc93b1 still develop arthritis but do not make autoantibodies, develop splenomegaly, or exhibit extramedullary haematopoiesis. DNaseII-/- IFNaR-/- B cells can respond to synthetic ODNs, but not to endogenous dsDNA.
Conclusion. RNA-reactive TLRs, presumably TLR7, are required for autoantibody production, splenomegaly, and extramedullary haematopoiesis in the DNaseII-/- model of systemic autoimmunity.


Processes of change, pros, cons, and self‑efficacy as variables associated with stage transitions for effective stress management over a month: a longitudinal study

Ke Deng, Akira Tsuda, Satoshi Horiuchi, Shuntaro Aoki

Abstract:
Background: The transtheoretical model of intentional health behavior change categorizes people into experiencing five stages in understanding the process of initiating and maintaining effective stress management (i.e., engagement in any form of healthy activity that is practiced for at least 20 min per day). The first purpose of this study was to observe whether any cases would disclose stage misclassification over one month. The second was to examine whether different model’s variables are associated with the stage transitions for effective stress management at different stages.
Methods: Data from 946 Chinese students and workers were subjected to analyses. This study is a part of a larger, longitudinal web-based study in which three surveys were conducted in March, April, and September 2014. This study analyzes the data of demographic variables, perceived stress, stages of change, processes of change, pros, cons, and self-efficacy at the point of the first survey and stages of change at the point of the second survey.
Results: Of 144 participants who progressed from the pre-Action stages to the post-Action stages, 44 then progressed to Maintenance (practicing effective stress management for six months or longer). These patterns could not technically occur, and thus, these participants were excluded from the following analyses. Data from the remaining 902 participants were subject to a series of logistic regression analyses. Generally, the model’s variables failed to predict the stage transitions. Exceptions were found that higher experiential processes (the cognitive activities required to progress through stages) and lower self-efficacy (the confidence that one can engage in effective stress management despite barriers to it) predicted the forward and backward stage transitions from Precontemplation (with no intention to initiate effective stress management in the next six months) and Action/Maintenance (practicing effective stress management).
Conclusions: Evidence of stage misclassification indicated the limitations of the model’s stage classification. Experiential processes and self-efficacy as predictors at different stages were in line with the model’s assumption that different variables are assumed to be predictors of stage transitions at different stages, partially supporting the utility of the stage classification.


An integrated approach to the safety assessment of food additives in early life

Anne Constable, Brinda Mahadevan, Peter Pressman, Jossie A Garthoff, Leo Meunier, Dieter Schrenk, Gerrit Speijers, Aaron O’Sullivan, and A Wallace Hayes

Infant formula, food additives, early life, juvenile toxicity, safety assessments

Abstract: During the development of international standards by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, infant foods and their constituent ingredients are subject to rigorous risk analysis and are strictly regulated by many authorities. Various jurisdictions have approved only a limited number of additives specifically with regard to infant foods to fulfill specific technical requirements of quality. As part of the approval process, a rigorous safety assessment is essential to confirm that the use of additives does not pose any health risk for the consumer. An acceptable daily intake (ADI) may be derived from the toxicological databases. However, the ADI may not be applicable to infants because of the possible developmental sensitivities and potentially high exposure scenarios, leading to possible lower margins of safety than would often be determined for adult populations. There is interest in defining better food safety assessment approaches for pre-weaned infants aged less than 12–16 weeks. To confirm safe use in infants, we reviewed the suitability of the existing safety databases of six additives with historical uses in infant nutrition products. To determine further toxicity testing strategies, it is necessary to understand whether the chemical used in the additives is identical to endogenous physiological metabolites and/or whether immature organs of infants are targets of toxicity. Combined with an in-depth review of the existing relevant toxicological and nutritional studies, this integrated approach will facilitate decision-making. We propose a decision tree as a tool within this approach to help guide appropriate data requirements and identify data gaps. In cases of reasonable uncertainty, studies of targeted juvenile should be considered to investigate the safe use levels in food products.


Augmentative and alternative communication in autism spectrum disorder: transitioning from letter board to iPad – a case study

autism spectrum disorder (ASD), communication and language, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), cognitive abilities, apraxia

Abstract: This case study examines the effective use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) tools in enhancing communication skills in a 15-year-old male with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Initially exhibiting non-verbal tendencies, the subject experienced significant improvements in communication and social interaction following the introduction of a letter board and subsequent transition to an iPad. These AAC tools facilitated a marked development in his ability to articulate thoughts, engage in academic activities, and express complex ideas, particularly in science. The study highlights the role of AAC in expanding the communicative capabilities of individuals with limited or no verbal language, demonstrating notable advancements in both verbal expression and cognitive engagement. The findings underscore the transformative impact of personalized AAC interventions and suggest the potential for broader application in ASD support strategies. This case highlights the need for further research, including randomized controlled trials, to explore the efficacy of AAC tools in diverse ASD contexts.


Data-driven methods for situation awareness and operational adjustment of sustainable energy integration into power systems

Shi Jin, Qian Liu, Wenlu Zhang, Zhihong He, Yuxiong He, Lihong Zhang, Yuan Liu, Peidong Xu, Xiao Zhang, Yuhong He

power system, situation awareness, operational adjustment, forecasting, reinforcement learning

Abstract: In the context of increasing complexity in power system operations due to the integration of renewable energy sources, two main challenges arise: accurate short-term wind power forecasting and power flow convergence control. Accurate wind power forecasting plays a crucial role in power system scheduling, while controlling power flow convergence is essential for system stability. This study proposes a concise short-term wind power generation prediction model that combines a feature selection-based convolutional neural network-bidirectional long short-term memory network (CNN-BiLSTM) model. By effectively screening multidimensional feature datasets, the model optimizes the selection of highly correlated feature parameters and assigns weights to input data based on feature correlation. The CNN-BiLSTM combination model is then employed to establish a predictive model for wind power generation based on multiple features. Additionally, this study introduces an automatic adjustment model for power flow convergence using the D3QN (Double Dueling Q Network) reinforcement learning algorithm. This addresses the challenge of power imbalance leading to flow non-convergence, enabling effective control of power flow convergence and adaptive adjustment of operating modes. Experiments conducted using the KDD Cup 2022 wind power prediction dataset validate the wind power prediction method. The results demonstrate that the CNN-BiLSTM model effectively utilizes time-series data, surpassing other neural networks in prediction accuracy. Simulation results based on the PYPOWER case39 standard case reveal that the reinforcement learning model’s reward value increases with training rounds and stabilizes at 40. Remarkably, more than 72% of abnormal flow samples achieve rapid convergence within 10 steps, affirming the proposed method's efficacy and computational efficiency. The findings of this study contribute to enhancing the accurate awareness of new energy integration into power systems and provide a novel adaptive control method for power flow.


Predicting diagnostic gene expression profiles associated with immune infiltration in patients with lupus nephritis

Lin Wang, Zhihua Yang, Hangxing Yu, Wei Lin, Ruoxi Wu, Hongtao Yang and Kang Yang

lupus nephritis, immune infiltration, comprehensive bioinformatics, biomarkers, CIBERSORT

Abstract:
Objective: To identify potential diagnostic markers of lupus nephritis (LN) based on bioinformatics and machine learning and to explore the significance of immune cell infiltration in this pathology.
Methods: Seven LN gene expression datasets were downloaded from the GEO database, and the larger sample size was used as the training group to obtain differential genes (DEGs) between LN and healthy controls, and to perform gene function, disease ontology (DO), and gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA). Two machine learning algorithms, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), were applied to identify candidate biomarkers. The diagnostic value of LN diagnostic gene biomarkers was further evaluated in the area under the ROC curve observed in the validation dataset. CIBERSORT was used to analyze 22 immune cell fractions from LN patients and to analyze their correlation with diagnostic markers.
Results: Thirty and twenty-one DEGs were screened in kidney tissue and peripheral blood, respectively. Both of which covered macrophages and interferons. The disease enrichment analysis of DEGs in kidney tissues showed that they were mainly involved in immune and renal diseases, and in peripheral blood it was mainly enriched in cardiovascular system, bone marrow, and oral cavity. The machine learning algorithm combined with external dataset validation revealed that C1QA(AUC = 0.741), C1QB(AUC = 0.758), MX1(AUC = 0.865), RORC(AUC = 0.911), CD177(AUC = 0.855), DEFA4(AUC= 0.843)and HERC5(AUC = 0.880) had high diagnostic value and could be used as diagnostic biomarkers of LN. Compared to controls, pathways such as cell adhesion molecule cam, and systemic lupus erythematosus were activated in kidney tissues; cell cycle, cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathways, NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, proteasome, and RIG-1-like receptors were activated in peripheral blood. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that diagnostic markers in kidney tissue were associated with T cells CD8 and Dendritic cells resting, and in blood were associated with T cells CD4 memory resting, suggesting that CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells and dendritic cells are closely related to the development and progression of LN.
Conclusion: C1QA, C1QB, MX1, RORC, CD177, DEFA4 and HERC5 could be used as new candidate molecular markers for LN. It may provide new insights into the diagnosis and molecular treatment of LN in the future.


Research progress of drug eluting balloon in arterial circulatory system

Keji Lu, Xianglin Ye, Yaoxuan Chen, Peng Wang, Meiting Gong, Bing Xuan, Zhaobing Tang, Meiling Li, Jun Hou, Ke Peng and Haifeng Pei

drug eluting balloon, arterial circulatory system diseases, coronary artery diseases, instent restenosis, paclitaxel

Abstract: The arterial circulatory system diseases are common in clinical practice, and their treatment options have been of great interest due to their high morbidity and mortality. Drug-eluting balloons, as a new type of endovascular interventional treatment option, can avoid the long-term implantation of metal stents and is a new type of angioplasty without stents, so drug-eluting balloons have better therapeutic effects in some arterial circulatory diseases and have been initially used in clinical practice. In this review, we first describe the development, process, and mechanism of drug-eluting balloons. Then we summarize the current studies on the application of drug-eluting balloons in coronary artery lesions, in-stent restenosis, and peripheral vascular disease. As well as the technical difficulties and complications in the application of drug-eluting balloons and possible management options, in order to provide ideas and help for future in-depth studies and provide new strategies for the treatment of more arterial system diseases.


利用重要节日培养中职学生核心素养研究

Abstract: 重要节日作为文化传承的载体，对于中职学生的成长具有重要意义。本文从核心素养的概念出发，探讨了重要节日与培养中职学生核心素养的关系，包括传统节日对于文化素养的培养、现代节日对于 全球视野的拓展、节日庆祝活动对于社交能力的锻炼和节日心理对于情感素养的培养等多个方面。


淮安水利发展现状分析及发展对策思考


事业单位党建工作质量:问题与对策

事业单位, 党建工作, 信用记录

Abstract: 事业单位党建工作发展现状中存在学习内容缺乏吸引力、政策保障不足、入党标准良莠不齐、理论学习时间仓促等问题，从提升队伍素质水平、加强政治学习效果与宣传效果的角度出发，应丰富宣传载体，注重学习内容设计，增加信用记录为入党门槛条件，加大政治理论学习深度，突出党建文化宣传引导，从而提高事业单位党建工作质量。


上海轻工—沃尔玛 零距离接触


透视房地产开发融资渠道的变化

Abstract:
房地产开发是典型的投资额大、投资回收期长的资金密集型行业，资金是制约行业发展的瓶颈，如何有效融资一直是房地产开发商最关心的问题。
目前对于我国的房地产开发企业来说，商业银行贷款仍然是最主要的融资渠道，具体表现有：凭借开发商的资信获取的贷款、开发商以自己的房地产或其他资产作抵押或质押担保获取的贷款、由第三者提供担保的贷款等。在90年代初期，银行较为宽松的融资贷款环境，促进了房地产行业的迅猛发展，但同时也使银行承担了巨大的贷款风险，因房地产开发过热，银行出现了大量坏帐。经过几年的低潮期，房地产行业从去年开始叉表现出了强劲的上升势头，房地产业被定位为国民经济新的增长点和支柱产业，而房地产开发企业进入资本市场的禁令解除、房地产投资基金从理论探讨到实际操作以及中国加入世贸组织都为房地产开发融资提供了全新的渠道，这些扩展的融资渠道将有力地推动房地产市场的发展，对未来的房地产行业具有重要影响。


“低筋小麦粉 + 白灵菇”无糖营养饼干的工艺优化及消化特性研究

无糖营养饼干, 工艺优化, 消化特性

Abstract: 本研究以黑龙江新良粮油集团有限公司的低筋小麦粉为基础材料，结合福建武夷山夷达菇业有限公司的白灵菇粉，通过正交试验设计和单因素试验，优化了无糖营养饼干的工艺配方。最终确定的最佳工艺条件为白灵菇粉 10%、木糖醇 25%、食盐 0.5%、油脂 30%、泡打粉 3%。通过验证试验，表明该配方在感官评分和剪切力方面表现出较高的稳定性和可重复性。


万般滋味，都是生活


388例宫颈上皮内瘤样病变筛查结果分析

白合尼莎, 房新志, 迪丽努尔

Abstract: 近年随着宫颈细胞学采用描述性诊断(TBS)的应用，临床上结合阴道镜及活检检查提高了对宫颈病变，特别是对官颈早期癌及癌前病变的诊断率达到了早期诊断、早期治疗的目的现总结对新疆肿瘤医院388例宫颈细胞学涂片异常的患者阴道镜下检查及多点活检，作组织病理学检查，结果作对照研究。


为测试工具选择正确的保险丝

Abstract: 本文介绍了在使用那些内部未设计有保险丝保护功能的测试仪进行电压和电流测量时的潜在危险 , 这些危险会造成严重的烧伤，甚至可能会导致生命危险 。


智能压力变送器多种应用方式的探讨

压力, 变送器, 测量方式

Abstract: 压力、差压变送器是过程变量变送器中最重要的一类，随着生产过程自动化程度的不断提高，在生产过程控制领域得到越来越广泛的应用，除了可用于压力、差压测量之外，还可用于流量、液位、比重等其他参数测量，以差压原理的流量测量技术更是在流量测量领域占有绝对的高的比例。差压变送器在各种应用领域中的安装及设置方法也多种多样，针对其在这些测量领域的测量方法及原理进行分类的阐述。


浅议手术室安全护理及术前健康教育的重要性

Abstract: 近年来我院对手术室护理工作进行了改革，重视了术前对手术病人的健康教育和术后的随访工作，形成了以病人为中心，以工作为轴心，满足了护患需求，并逐步完善术中护理质量，使护理工作有了新的起色和进步，受到了病人的好评，也得到了护理人员的认可，现结合实践对我院术中安全护理的点滴体会浅议如下。


Indirect illusory inferences from disjunction: a new bridge between deductive inference and representativeness

Mathias Sablé-Meyer, Salvador Mascarenhas

Abstract: We provide a new link between deductive and probabilistic reasoning fallacies. Illusory inferences from disjunction are a broad class of deductive fallacies traditionally explained by recourse to a matching procedure that looks for content overlap between premises. In two behavioral experiments, we show that this phenomenon is instead sensitive to real-world causal dependencies and not to exact content overlap. A group of participants rated the strength of the causal dependence between pairs of sentences. This measure proved to be a near perfect predictor of fallacious reasoning by an independent group of participants in illusory inference tasks with the same materials. In light of these results, we argue that all extant accounts of these deductive fallacies require non-trivial adjustments. Crucially, these novel indirect illusory inferences from disjunction bear a structural similarity to seemingly unrelated probabilistic reasoning problems, in particular the conjunction fallacy from the heuristics and biases literature. This structural connection was entirely obscure in previous work on these deductive problems, due to the theoretical and empirical focus on content overlap. We argue that this structural parallelism provides arguments against the need for rich descriptions and individuating information in the conjunction fallacy, and we outline a unified theory of deductive illusory inferences from disjunction and the conjunction fallacy, in terms of Bayesian confirmation theory.