large town east london england administrative centre london borough located miles northeast cross major metropolitan centres identified london plan historically market town county essex formed administrative centre liberty dissolved good road links opening railway station key development town economic history shift agriculture light industry retail commerce suburban growth london 20th century significantly expanded increased population municipal borough formed greater london forms largest commercial retail entertainment leisure districts outside central london developed night time economy history recorded formed old english ford means wide ford naming river rom local formation town river known beam ford likely existed main london road crossed river original site town south area known moved northwards present site later medieval period avoid frequent flooding river rom building new site parish church saint edward economic development town developed middle ages main road london significant market established early history immediate area agricultural recorded location number mills grind corn area focus leather industry 15th early 19th centuries record wide range industries cloth making weaving burning metal working communications played important development main road london maintained middlesex essex trust coaching town 18th century failed attempts early 19th century connect town thames canal initially intended transport agricultural products london later intended serve growing industrial sites miles canal constructed canal company unable reach town development town accelerated opening railway station stimulated local economy key development star brewery initially eastern counties railway services operated mile end extensions second station opened south street london railway line giving rail connection docks stations combined light industry slowly developed reaching peak 1970s number factories edge town vickers office machinery company manufacturers wireless components sheet metal works brush manufacturers suburban expansion increased population reinforced position significant regional town centre liberty shopping centre constructed 1960s supplemented shopping centres town including mall opened liberty brewery opened site old star brewery local government formed large ancient parish essex town included row wood hill ancient custom area enjoyed special status charter removed parish county essex instead formed independent liberty time absorbed local powers usually held parish authorities separate parish liberty improvement commissioners set paving lighting watching marketplace main streets town grew arrangement ineffective controlling local board health set parish area reduced cover town ward remainder parish rural district changes introduction poor law union eroded powers liberty finally abolished essex local government act reformed local government created urban district rural district replace local board district parish split urban rural lines urban district parish urban district expanded cover area historic hill remained rural district parish right enlarged urban district formed london traffic area london passenger transport area suburban expansion london caused increase population 1930s urban district expanded taking parishes hill incorporated municipal borough municipal borough abolished area combined urban district removed essex formed northern london borough greater london suburban expansion early expansion 1840s area occupied estate known new cottages built east market place middle class suburban housing constructed larger area acres built south railway gradual process selling houses built town directions mile significant growth occurred construction park garden suburb included park park railway station large sections land north town row developed interwar period world war london county council built hill estate north east right supply electricity town secured county london electricity supply company initially power generated star brewery site supply switching power station gas supply began gas works acres constructed following telegraph act post office london telephone area exchange recorded having subscribers town water supply initially came new public pump built east end market south essex company started installing water supply offices south street supply serving row green sewage works installed local board works built governance parliament constituency consists park town heath population current andrew native town forms london assembly constituency london european parliament constituency ward london borough council general election constituency include ward elected conservative park conservative row residents association conservative conservative town conservative heath conservative election conservative geography town centre feet sea level gravel terrace rising river_thames north town developed london clay situated feet sea level town centre contained ring road formed edwards way mercury gardens gardens road road market place south street high street railway cuts town east west bulk central area north river rom flows town underground channels joins thames flowing course known river beam forms strategic waterways blue ribbon network formed continuously built area london 1930s rush green west row north park east south east post town covers municipal borough extends wider area including parts forest climate data taken nearest weather station miles south west marketplace committee area defined town demographic data produced office national statistics population town giving total population contrast approximate population area urban strategy estimated town report religion christian compared london england town report having religion compared london england according polling report white british asian white black economy recognised london plan significant metropolitan centres greater london considerable area total commercial town square metres square metres retail space square metres offices retail space growing consisted square metres retail economy complemented central business district close railway station offices employers located employment town centre approximately commercial office comparison retail public sector service retail arts entertainment compared similar east london areas comparison retail commercial office employment public sector work total turnover larger comparable town centre east london approximately came commercial office businesses developed night time economy greater metropolitan centre greater london square metres cinemas theatres concert hall space square metres bars square metres restaurants square metres fast food away venues night time economy significant day economy visits day visits clubs bars night transport roads road centre dual ring road designations north brewery roundabout edwards way mercury mall south brewery roundabout roundabout east roundabout mercury mall ring road runs east west east london corner corner road intersects road trunk road london east runs north south trunk road traffic lights near rush green road intersects runs canning town inside ring road area heavily key roads longer south street originally main road connecting trunk road trunk road high street market place originally trunk road london east east west road originally existing trunk road old corner buses hub london buses network services canning town services large housing developments row hill night bus services hill town centre high public transport accessibility level score coaches national express operate daily service london daily service london railway town served railway station rail london fare zone trains calling station formed high frequency liverpool street local rail service greater services victoria town station branch line shuttle line connects operated london planned liverpool street service replaced proposal served future extension east london transit air airport passenger flights early 1930s located site golf club regular services operated fox aircraft midland scottish air ferries operated regular flights glasgow expansion plans expand services paris glasgow belfast operations moved mid 1930s conflict interest midland scottish air ferries scottish motor traction saw services cease mid 1930s religion churches dedicated edward england kings saints lived nearby main church anglican original church situated market place heart town roman catholic located north town centre park end road churches town centre include trinity methodist church angel way salem baptist chapel london road anglican church saint andrew saint andrew road located west eastern road consecrated saint edward church church_of_england current church building prominent dates designed john johnson located market place replaced earlier church monuments families saint edward church roman catholic church replaced temporary building stood site built money land donated william 12th baron prominent catholic family responsible churches essex relatively modest size rural location edward 19th century churches built essex catholic diocese westminster established church dedicated nicholas archbishop westminster designed london based architect daniel gallery added west end chancel north chapel added church built 13th century english gothic style red roof central wooden topped foot small west end plan aisle nave lower chancel north chapel south porch tower gallery west end church linking north east corner windows bath stone saint andrew church saint andrew church built cope growing population nineteenth twentieth centuries built john johnson architect designed present saint edward church trinity methodist church red brick trinity methodist church completed survived troubles including flooding opening year damage night december enemy action arson attack christmas eve church saved complete destruction presence police officer patrol car nearby managed fire brigade salem baptist chapel salem chapel stands land old napoleonic ground nearby road land auctioned following year george baptist sold plots london road erection baptist chapel land purchased sum raised way mortgage original meeting room church built opened july present chapel completed opened culture council urban strategy aims cultural destination whilst recognising forms main cultural hub borough large theatre arts spaces market coaching town served public houses located market place listed buildings market adjacent streets form conservation area mass entertainment facilities town include theatre stadium remaining dog racing tracks london multi screen cinemas april ice arena home local raiders ice hockey team centre popular swimming leisure facility located town site redeveloped current axis residential tower block associated town club premier club essex based lodge farm park town strongly associated electronic music group underworld position focus electronic music production reinforced presence strictly underground suburban base record labels suburban base developing times record store according billboard article produced dance music formed trend favouring suburban provincial bedroom record labels central london local media local newspapers town borough recorder post yellow radio stations located area time bedrock hospital radio film death walks filmed month period cult series set fictional hospital


capital largest city republic macedonia country political cultural economic academic center known roman period territory inhabited remains settlements found old fortress modern city centre eve 1st century settlement seized romans military camp roman empire divided eastern western halves came byzantine rule constantinople early medieval period town contested byzantines bulgarian empire capital town serbian empire acted capital city city conquered ottoman turks called town town stayed turkish control years serving capital later time city famous oriental architecture annexed kingdom serbia balkan wars world war city newly formed kingdom serbs kingdom yugoslavia second world war city conquered bulgarian army axis powers capital city democratic macedonia later socialist republic macedonia federal state democratic federal yugoslavia later socialist federal republic yugoslavia city developed rapidly world war trend interrupted hit disastrous earthquake capital city independent macedonia located upper course river located major north south balkan route belgrade athens center metal processing chemical timber textile leather printing industries industrial development city accompanied development trade logistics banking sectors emphasis fields transportation culture sport according official count population inhabitants according recent unofficial estimates city population inhabitants geography topography located north republic macedonia center balkan peninsula halfway belgrade athens city built valley oriented west east axis course river flows sea greece valley approximately wide limited mountain ranges north south ranges limit urban expansion spreads small river comes north administrative boundaries city stretches wide approximately sea level covers km2 area covers km2 density inhabitants administrative limits encompasses villages settlements including according census city comprised inhabitants sole urban area comprised inhabitants city reaches border north east clockwise bordered municipalities river flows approximately source near average discharge wide depending seasons july water temperature comprised january july rivers meet city boundaries largest long crosses canyon reaching western city coming flows northwestern end urban area coming north flowed old 1960s diverted west waters originally met close seat academy sciences arts flows near ruins finally source mount meets eastern city rivers long city comprises artificial lakes located lake result construction dam canyon 1930s lake dug leisure purpose small natural lakes found near northeastern edge urban area river historically caused floods outflow reached works carried byzantine times limit risks construction dam flood risk close zero contains large water table river functions underground river table lies contained water table ground deep wells collect waters drinking water comes spring located west city geology valley bordered west mountains south range east hills belonging range north mount highest point inside city limits high range built foot mount urban area flat comprises minor hills generally covered woods parks hill rid foothills mount smallest high fortress built valley located near seismic fault african plates experiences regular seismic activity activity enhanced structure large earthquakes occurred valley belongs region formed deposits deposits including sandstone covered layer sands deep layer topped smaller layer clay sand gravel carried river deep areas led formation canyon surrounded caves deep climate climate usually classified continental sub mediterranean according climate classification humid subtropical climate mean annual temperature precipitation relatively low pronounced rain shadow mountains northwest quarter received adriatic_sea coast latitude summers long hot humid winters short relatively cold wet common winter period heavy snow accumulation rare lasts days summer temperatures usually spring autumn temperatures range winter day temperatures roughly nights fall typically year range occurrences precipitation evenly distributed year heaviest october december april june nature environment city encompasses natural environments fauna flora rich threatened intensification agriculture urban extension largest protected area city limits mount popular leisure destination cable car connects peak downtown pedestrian paths run woods large natural spots include canyon city comprises parks gardens amounting hectares city park park built ottoman turks beginning 20th century park located parliament university forest streets planted trees experiences environmental issues overshadowed economic poverty country alignment law european law brought progress fields water waste treatment industrial emissions steel processing crucial activity local economy responsible soil pollution heavy metals lead air pollution nitrogen carbon vehicle traffic district heating plants responsible air pollution highest pollution levels usually occur autumn winter water treatment plants built water discharged waste disposed open air municipal site located north city day receives domestic waste industrial waste health levels better rest republic macedonia link found low environmental quality health residents urban morphology urban morphology deeply impacted 26th july earthquake destroyed city reconstruction followed instance rebuilt way demographic density remains low limit impact potential future earthquakes reconstruction following earthquake mainly conducted polish architect adolf planned reconstruction warsaw world war divided city blocks dedicated specific activities banks river natural areas parks areas located main built housing shopping suburbs left individual housing industry reconstruction quick order relocate families local economy stimulate economic development number increased future urban extension anticipated south bank river generally comprises tower blocks including vast neighbourhood built 1970s west centre east new municipality planned 1980s house inhabitants site old airport lies city centre rebuilt according plans japanese architect centre surrounded row long buildings suggesting wall north bank ancient parts city lie old restored surroundings rebuilt low rise buildings views fortress institutions including university academy relocated north bank order reduce borders ethnic communities north bank inhabited muslim turks christian ethnic predominantly reside south bank earthquake left city historical monuments apart ottoman old reconstruction conducted 1960s 1980s turned modernist grey city end 2000s city center experienced profound changes urban project adopted municipal authorities order city monumental historical aspect transform proper national capital buildings destroyed earthquake rebuilt including national theatre streets squares refurbished elements built including statues hotels government buildings bridges project criticised cost aesthetics large minority felt represented new monuments launched projects including new square boulevard separate city centre old areas suffer certain anarchy houses buildings built consent local authorities villages outside urban area city encompasses small settlements outer suburbs located road belgrade inhabitants inhabitants large settlements located north city inhabitants smaller villages found mount municipality rural municipalities form city located outside city limits outer suburbs particularly municipality benefit presence major roads railways airport located urban diverse city urban primarily depends ethnic religious belonging form city population account respectively ethnic group generally restrict certain areas city live south areas massively rebuilt muslims live northern oldest city considered traditional south evokes rural life northern areas especially true municipality municipality main illegal constructions connected electricity water supply passed generation located close old old area mentioned neighbourhood beginning 14th century inhabitants located northern edge city municipality local official language developed earthquake accommodate lost house population density varies greatly area size living area person city average square metres square feet person square metres square feet south bank square metres square feet north bank average square metres square feet current city comes roman colony located nearby colony created site settled probably origin meaning unknown antiquity occupied people consequently translated times languages bulgarian later ottoman turkish turks adapted western languages western world western sources cite macedonia annexed kingdom serbia city officially adopted languages city eventually second world war standard official language socialist republic macedonia minority calls city definite form history origins rocky stands fortress site settled man earliest human occupation found site date 4th millennium settlement significance declined bronze age research suggest settlement belonged culture progressively evolved thanks contacts balkan danube cultures later locality eventually disappeared iron age emerged originally settlement 1st millennium later town located rid hill kilometres west fortress located centre balkan peninsula road danube sea prosperous locality history known roman lived present day invaded region 3rd century ancient capital extended second century remained independent roman conquest likely lost independence roman expansion east brought roman rule colony mainly veterans time roman province macedonia army stationed official imperial command instituted mention city period died served military base maintain peace region officially named emperor dynasty shortly province rule division province elevated colonial status seat government new province superior district called superior formed special province capital city population diverse suggest minority population came italy veterans south syria ethnic diversity population latin maintained main language city expense greek spoken cities following centuries experienced prosperity period end 3rd century end 4th century particularly church founded reign constantine great seat diocese following division roman empire eastern roman empire covered hectares closed wide wall monuments including theatre large christian middle ages destroyed violent earthquake possibly devastating macedonia experienced time region threatened invasions city inhabitants fled forests mountains disaster occurred eventually rebuilt reign byzantine towns relocated hills easily places face invasions transferred site stands fortress sacked end 6th century city fallen slavic rule slavic tribe settled probably invaded entire valley city mentioned following centuries rest upper expanding bulgarian empire starting end 10th century experienced period wars political troubles bulgarian capital ruled governor roman surrendered byzantine emperor slayer exchange titles later briefly seized twice slavic insurgents wanted restore bulgarian state peter command orders captured norman troops led robert city remained hands subsequently conquered serbian grand prince years later food shortage quickly surrendered byzantines 12th 13th centuries serbs took advantage byzantine decline create large kingdoms stretching danube sea brought bulgaria nephew declared autonomy upper serbian help years later switched recognized bulgaria led successful joint campaign serbia internationally recognized king byzantine successor state recaptured held bulgaria upper valley incorporated byzantine state empire byzantine conquest briefly reversed young michael bulgaria parallel civil war crown grandson constantine gained upper hand ruled europe successful peasant revolt uprising deposed captured serbian king political stability rule slowly spread outside walls fortress hill churches monasteries markets built venice opened shops town greatly benefited location roads europe middle east africa 14th century important city king capital serbian kingdom crowned emperor serbs greeks death serbian empire collapsed small unable defend turks inherited finally taken wake battle ottoman_empire ottoman period economic life greatly benefited position middle turkish europe 17th century experienced long golden age number inhabitants city contained houses big cities territory future yugoslavia belgrade time busy harbour inhabitants following ottoman conquest city population changed christians forcibly converted islam replaced turks jews time christians non converted armenian ottoman turks drastically changed appearance city organised city severely suffered great turkish war end 17th century consequently experienced recession 19th century austrians seized weakened cholera epidemic day general set fire city end epidemic possible wanted avenge damages turks caused vienna burned days austrian presence macedonia motivated uprisings austrians left country year leaders uprisings follow retreat north balkans arrested turks stone bridge war ruins official buildings restored rebuilt city experienced new plague cholera inhabitants emigrated ottoman turkish empire entered recession political decline rebellions occurred macedonia 18th century led turkish french officers revealed time inhabitants largely overwhelmed towns present day republic macedonia began recover decades decline time city experienced slow steady demographic growth mainly rural exodus exodus muslims serbia bulgaria gaining autonomy independence empire time reforms nationalism arose empire new bulgarian church established separate diocese created based ethnic identity religious principles slavic population voted overwhelmingly favour joining bulgarian economic growth permitted construction railway train station built south contributed relocation economic activities river rural exodus share christians city population arose newcomers local elite helped spread nationalist ideas main centres internal revolutionary organization organised uprising revolutionary network region developed lack weapons problem outbreak uprising rebel forces military train august respectively attacked turkish unit guarding bridge river gave battle monastery days band pursued numerous moved bulgaria chosen capital city new encompassed present day northwestern macedonia city inhabitants making largest closely followed inhabitants beginning 20th century local economy focused weaving wine flour processing following young revolution ottoman turkish empire experienced democracy political parties created policies implemented young turks tax rise ethnic based political parties minorities opposed nationalist character movement led local uprisings managed seize took august august insurgents signed agreement provided creation autonomous province day later balkan wars present day following alliance contracted bulgaria greece serbia declared war ottoman turkish empire goal definitely expel turks europe balkan war started october lasted weeks reached october turkish forces left city day serbian annexation led exodus turks turkish families left city january year city population evaluated serbian authorities world war serbian macedonia invaded bulgaria captured october serbia allied triple helped france britain greece italy formed following great allied offensive orient reached september took city surprise end world war macedonia new kingdom serbs kingdom yugoslavia foreign ethnic ruling class gained control imposing repression unknown previous turkish rulers policies pursued time young locals serbs tried find separate way ethnic development formally country named capital kingdom yugoslavia second world war experienced strong economic growth population increased city inhabitants located region attracted wealthy serbs opened businesses contributed city factories half industry macedonia second world war yugoslavia invaded nazi_germany germans seized april left bulgarian allies april ensure society authorities closed serbian schools churches opened new schools higher education institute king university jews deported died local partisan detachments started widespread guerrilla proclamation popular republic macedonia august liberated november yugoslav partisan units national liberation army units newly allied bulgarian people army bulgaria having switched sides war september world war greatly benefited socialist yugoslav policies encouraged industry development cultural institutions consequently home national library national orchestra university academy post war development altered earthquake occurred july relatively weak magnitude caused enormous damage city compared earthquake disaster killed people injuring people buried alive ruins population lost home educational facilities factories historical buildings destroyed earthquake reconstruction quick deep psychological impact population split people relocated new houses buildings familiar reconstruction finished elements built funds exhausted drastically changed city true example modernist architecture demographic growth important inhabitants 1980s 1990s republic macedonia experienced inflation recession local economy heavily suffered situation better 2000s thanks new investments landmarks restored project renewed appearance city centre flag red banner proportions gold coloured coat arms city positioned upper left corner vertical horizontal vertical version coat arms city adopted 1950s depicts stone bridge river fortress snow capped peaks mountains administration status capital largest city republic macedonia enjoys particular status granted law revision status city divided municipalities council mayor like municipalities republic macedonia municipalities deal matters specific territory city deals matters concern divided municipalities city statistical region political administrative power city_council city_council consists members serve year term primarily deals budget global relations city government commissions exist treat specific topics finances environment local development president council elected council members president member following local elections city_council constituted follows mayor mayor elected years current mayor deputy mayor municipality member mayor represents city submit ideas council manages administrative bodies officials municipalities divided administrative units municipalities created independence republic macedonia power municipalities lost law restored created new municipalities rebels forces new law enacted incorporate municipality city populated represent city population second official language city administration claims rebels year municipality separated municipality municipalities administered council members elected years mayor departments education culture finances mayor primarily deals departments economy economic weight medium city european level administrative function compared small regional metropolis like capital largest city republic macedonia large share national economy statistical region encompasses city neighbouring municipalities produces regional capita amounted usd capita figure smaller usd usd belgrade usd higher usd large city republic macedonia political economical large number living outside work capital city city encourages rural exodus macedonia albania southern serbia firms activities firms large size large majority small small large share firms deal trade goods specialised business real estate manufacturers number large firms account local production outside finance city industry dominated food processing textile printing metal processing accounted city industrial areas located municipality major routes rail lines belgrade notably steel plants located brewery zones located railway greece zones comprise electrical supplies imperial tobacco special economic zones exist airport attracted foreign companies johnson controls johnson van financial capital republic macedonia seat stock exchange national bank banking insurance companies services sector produces city small traditional shops large markets green market bit market considered local institutions 1970s largely shopping largest city mall opened comprises shops cinema employs people employment active population employed small firms population work services sector industry remaining mainly employed administration unemployment rate statistical region points national rate neighbouring region similar rate affected region south west unemployment mainly concern men represent job people years old job non qualified people unemployment concerns people represent city population unemployment concerns active population community average net monthly wage october represented national figure average wage lower belgrade population city inhabitants administrative limits urban unit inhabitants gave inhabitants city administrative limits employment area covers large republic macedonia including totaling million inhabitants macedonia population towns smaller second populous municipality inhabitants urban unit inhabitants austro turkish war great fire biggest cities balkans population estimated inhabitants fire experienced long period decline inhabitants population started rise reached inhabitants 20th century fastest growing cities yugoslavia inhabitants demographic growth continued steady pace ethnic groups republic macedonia characterised large ethnic diversity city located region ethnic meet welcomed turks jews serbs history mainly muslim city 19th century large number christians started settle according census largest ethnic group inhabitants population came inhabitants people serbs inhabitants turks people belong groups ethnic form overwhelming majority population municipalities located south form majority north river form majority roughly corresponds old form large minority located northern edge city predominantly ethnic minority forms population municipality language official local level schools administration use municipality world official language relations largest groups difficult rest country group tolerate tend avoid live appear parallel worlds minority deprived exact size known declare belonging ethnic groups simply avoid official figures city world largest population religion religious affiliation closely linked ethnicity serbs mainly orthodox turks usually muslim catholic minority belonged mother according census population belonged eastern orthodox church belonged islam city catholic protestant minorities catholics served latin byzantine rite macedonia world war significant jewish minority mainly descended spanish escaped community comprised members deported killed nazis war survivors settled israel ottoman past churches religious communities complain lack infrastructure new places worship built seat religious organisations orthodox church islamic religious union macedonia orthodox cathedral seminary roman catholic cathedral health public private hospitals specialised medical institutions psychiatric hospital hospitals hospital respiratory diseases ratio physician inhabitants figure higher national ratio ratio medical specialists higher rest country ratio hospital beds lower population enjoys better health standards mortality rate national level infant mortality rate macedonia education generally educated rest country graduated university contrast rest country people complete lack education ones received partial education lower compared provincial average citizens hold phd residence secondary schools serve general high school schools city host higher education institutions notable university founded university departments research attended average students declaration independence republic macedonia private universities brought largest private universities currently european university departments university departments respectively media largest media center macedonia newspapers surveyed ministry information headquarters daily founded runs day printed country based pulled copies state owns capital nova reprinted copies major newspapers totally private copies vest copies copies magazines copies start copies copies headquarters city home studios radio television country public radio television founded operate national broadcast channels hours day popular private television stations major private television companies operates radio stations national coverage private station span radio antenna metropolis major private stations headquarters city boasts big news agencies country public information agency private sports capital largest city macedonia major sporting facilities city large swimming pools feature olympic pools pools particularly relevant coaching water polo teams boasts football like accommodate spectators basketball court accommodate people court jane people largest stadium remains philip arena stadium built named city stadium experienced total renovation begun meet standards fully renovated stadium contains seats health spa fitness sports center largest sports complex country opened named president died includes room dedicated basketball bowling alley fitness area ice hockey court main hall regularly hosts concerts holds people popular football teams playing national_league held philip arena like national team city home smaller football clubs play second national_league popular sport macedonia basketball represented particular teams illustrated pro women team city hosted european women championship transport main connections located near capital cities away south belgrade north pan european corridors corridor runs austria greece corridor viii runs adriatic albania black_sea bulgaria corridor links belgrade western_europe corridor viii links corridor locally corresponds motorway longest highway corresponds railway corridor viii developed corresponds motorway railway corridor pass city territory junction located east close airport geographically close major cities movement people goods especially albania mainly poor infrastructure result furthermore rail coach stations main station serviced belgrade international lines completion corridor viii railway scheduled city linked daily trains link towns minor train stations city railway network serviced international lines railway linking main station belgrade stations railway north stations stations freight coach station opened built right main train station host coaches day coach connections efficient diverse train connections regularly linked foreign cities including istanbul prague hamburg stockholm public transport bus network managed city operated companies oldest largest public company founded lost monopoly public transport new companies obtained lines network hands operates lines lines urban serving city buses red double buses designed look like british buses use 1950s 1960s network long planned idea proposed 1980s project real mayor asked feasibility studies successor launched line scheduled new network small buses started operate june replace decrease number big buses city center airport international airport alexander great airport located east city managed turkish airports holding accommodate million passengers year annual traffic constantly risen reaching million passengers airport connections european cities including vienna brussels istanbul london rome maintains direct connection culture cultural institutions capital republic macedonia home largest cultural institutions country national university library academy sciences arts national theatre national orchestra opera ballet local institutions brothers library million documents cultural information centre manages festivals exhibitions concerts house culture dedicated contemporary art young talents foreign cultural centres british council alliance american corner city theatres concert halls seating built concerts fashion shows metropolis arena designed large concerts seats large halls include opera ballet seats national theatre drama theatre smaller venues exist theatre youth theatre turkish theatre hall construction museums largest museum museum macedonia details history country icons collections particularly rich museum opened keeps best finds macedonia dating ottoman period national gallery macedonia exhibits paintings dating 14th 20th century turkish old contemporary art museum macedonia built earthquake thanks international assistance collections include foreign art works victor alexander city museum located inside remains old train station destroyed earthquake dedicated local history departments history art history memorial house mother built site stood church saint baptised museum struggle dedicated modern national history struggle independence nearby holocaust memorial center jews macedonia museum natural history showcases items zoo home animals architecture destroyed times trough history historical landmarks reflect successive city biggest ottoman urban complexes europe ottoman monuments serving original purpose ground modernist experiments 20th century following earthquake beginning 21st century subject massive building campaigns thanks nationalist project environment old new eastern western perspectives remains architecture seen site city lie remains ancient ruins theatre located city centre mysterious date construction unknown built byzantines turks use 16th century consists arches worked masonry fortress rebuilt times destroyed earthquake restored medieval appearance medieval monument churches located city illustrate architectural school flourished churches ones canyon nicholas andrew churches church dates 12th century expressive italian examples ottoman turkish architecture located old usually simple design square base single dome entrance usually emphasised mosque dating 15th century originality appearance sultan lost dome roof mosque rectangular base wings mosque originally covered blue disappeared great fire tiles visible adjoining turkish public monuments include 16th century clock tower turkish stone bridge mentioned oldest churches city centre ascension churches built 18th century great fire renovated 19th century church ascension particularly small half buried order neighbouring 19th century new churches built including church virgin mary large nave building designed annexed serbia city drastically wealthy serbs built town houses palace architecture time similar central europe buildings creative neo arab house neo byzantine train station built appeared early museum today city gallery designed milan modernist architecture fully developed earthquake reconstruction city centre partially planned japanese designed new train station architects took reconstruction designed city archives building hall residence designed centre main post office designed church buildings noted originality directly inspired reconstruction turned proper modernist city large blocks flats concrete buildings scattered green spaces city centre considered grey place local authorities unveiled project plans erect large number statues bridges museums cost million project generated controversy critics described new landmark buildings signs aesthetics government criticised cost original lack representation national minorities coverage set statues memorials representations minorities included monuments scheme accused turning theme park viewed example national identities constructed construction mirrored urban space festivals jazz festival held annually october european jazz network european forum world wide festivals artists profiles include fusion acid jazz latin jazz smooth jazz avant garde jazz ray charles project performed festival music festival blues soul festival relatively new event cultural scene occurs summer early july past guests include larry taylor stars blues band candy funky stuff trio blues wire guy cultural summer festival renowned cultural event takes place year summer festival member international festivals events association includes musical concerts operas plays art photograph exhibitions movies projects gather participants world year including theatre chamber orchestra theatre theatre shadows david opera evenings festival occurred annually dedicated promoting opera general public years evolved stage artists countries performed major international theater festival takes place year end month september young open theater organized time youth cultural center theatrical performances presented festival far alternative experimental theatre groups engaging young writers actors international theater festival member international network contemporary performing arts framework festival national center international theater institute established 25th world congress munich regular member theater association festival international character representing theaters world present enhance exchange circulation young fresh experimental avant guard theatrical energy experience participants audience film festival annual event held city march films shown day festival macedonia europe including non commercial film productions world diverse large emphasis associated hotels holiday inn include olympic young people popular destinations bars found center city park popular midnight hard rock havana world famous disc local performances frequent club named fifth list best clubs southeastern europe van musicians visited club nighttime concerts local regional global music held philip national arena sports center middle aged people places having fun traditional food served traditional music played music balkans particularly serbian folk music popular apart traditional restaurants restaurants featuring international popular café café trend drama café café blue café old popular destination past national government created project revive old closing time shops restaurants extended high recorded restaurants traditional wine food dishes ottoman cuisine served people notable people include mother roman catholic humanitarian honorary citizen june film director simon pianist general_assembly president poet diplomat international relations twin towns sister cities partnerships


town authority north somerset ceremonial county somerset england approximately miles southwest bristol miles northeast seaside resort super mare nearest village lies south opposite bristol exeter railway line commuter town population town industrial centre based coal mining glass manufacture replaced service industries surrounding north somerset levels wildlife habitats including biological site special scientific interest pool lake local nature reserve close motorway bristol airport railway station services operated great western secondary education provided school rebuilt academy primary education francis school grove school school golden valley churches include 14th century holy trinity church christ church built history town derived old english island suggested parish little known area occupied coal mining industry began quarry roman times pennant sandstone extracted romans ignored left small villa near bridge early economy relied coal mining began early 16th century earliest recorded date coal mining coal transported light fires late town large number pits time visited social reformer hannah founded sunday school workers middle engine pit complete examples 18th century left england disrepair designated scheduled ancient monument included heritage risk register produced english_heritage remains old pits closed late 19th century mining capital migrated richer south wales visible town coal mines attracted glass manufacturer john robert lucas established fourth largest kind united_kingdom producing low grade bottle glass works closed glass glass workers end shift glass works sought collectors world site glass works covered supermarket car park leaving relatively accessible future archaeological parts site cleared filled sand ensure remains old glass works preserved 15th century court southwest town grade listed building governance long rural district north somerset authority covers ceremonial county somerset administered independently non metropolitan county administrative headquarters town hall super mare electoral exist area population described north somerset constituency represented house_of_commons parliament united_kingdom member parliament past post system election general election constituency represented fox conservative party south west england constituency european parliament method party list proportional representation geography land river flows east town north somerset levels west drained farmed generations farmers biological site special scientific interest soils area include series soils series drained network large smaller field ditches support exceptionally rich plant fauna communities exceptional populations occur nationally scarce species nationally rare species including britain largest water beetle great silver water beetle local nature reserves pool lake local nature reserve southeast town centre close railway station constructed balancing pond mid-1970s home foraging area bats bird species seen reserve include duck grey mute nearby towns villages include miles centre bristol close tourist centres super mare bath miles road port service area climate common rest south west england temperate climate generally rest country annual mean temperature approximately seasonal temperature variation extreme united_kingdom adjacent sea temperatures summer months july august mean daily approximately winter mean minimum temperatures common summer azores high pressure affects south west england convective cloud forms inland reduces number hours sunshine annual sunshine rates slightly regional average hours december days sun recorded rainfall south west caused atlantic depressions convection rainfall autumn winter caused atlantic depressions active summer large proportion rainfall caused sun heating ground leading convection showers thunderstorms average rainfall days snowfall typical november march highest mean wind speeds june august winds predominant wind direction south west economy primary income comes employment service sector including industries insurance banking defence related employment retail management employment includes work shops schools estate agents banks larger businesses include bristol billing services ltd billing company jointly owned bristol water water businesses situated units town large industrial business estates located road road estate site local making industry shopping area includes somerset square crown glass place walk high street chains town iceland national banks estate agents factory opened bought brand subsequently merged absorbed matthew clark brands prior heath brewery owned family situated friendship inn site old factory called estate home diverse range local national businesses culture community small nightclub called decades known bar dedicated youth clubs scouting divisions organise carnival respectively theatre musical orchestral groups open ages meet perform regularly different venues including horn centre methodist church centre grove recreation centre little theatre outdoor recreational areas include playing fields grove centre public park rear horn centre children play parks smaller areas green land town housing estates horn park contains park children play park cinemas nearby operating adjacent village couple tourist attractions zoo farm displays exotic agricultural domestic animals including reptiles recently offers hands experience animals chance learn conservation 19th century victorian country house grounds bought opened national trust edition north somerset times published times popular carnival annually held 1960s local schools scouts participate holds popular beer festival held annually rugby football club started festival holds local year transport principal road serving leads westwards motorway network accessed junction eastwards links bristol bristol airport link offers route south west traffic local towns super mare main car parks road station road link road free hours bus services operated bus main routes runs bristol jointly run hourly super mare bristol airport serves railway station railway station edge neighbouring managed great western run services station staffed hours busy trains run seven days week weekday peak service trains hour direction running cardiff central super mare bristol parkway evenings direct services london platform westbound accessed steps platform eastbound reached steps ramp station car park cars expansion journeys station year bristol airport miles town centre education secondary education provided school attained technology media arts college specialist status million junior primary schools music school including kings hill golden valley hannah francis catholic school grove school school children special needs learning difficulties children area young school religious sites census respondents claimed christianity religious preference claimed religious preference second largest group religious buildings christian nature christ church 14th century holy trinity church church_of_england parish churches christ church built george gilbert scott william designated grade listed building holy trinity features tower bells cemetery community centre called trinity centre grade listed methodist church founded building opened years later new chapel opened silver street youth club added 1960s early old church replaced larger flexible multi purpose building youth club refurbished renamed centre founder john baptist church catholic_church francis church united reformed church community church sports football clubs united united town clubs organise junior football teams area catering cricket club formed runs sides senior junior women cricket covering area west bristol north somerset ladies hockey club formed club league teams youth team veterans team horn centre provides exercise free weights gym courts room indoor sports public swimming pool despite long running campaign swimming pool interest group build leisure facilities area include swimming pool nearby golf club rugby football club 1st play level league system 2nd somerset north level notable people best known celebrities somerset folk singer backing band worked factory album live royal oak recorded royal oak public house high street buried christ church graveyard kitchen born english class cricketer playing days left handed batsman somerset county cricket club making runs class games topped county averages went umpire test matches day retiring somerset cricketer stephen newton born charles competed summer olympics born professional chris wood grew currently resides


pronounced polish russian populous administrative division neighbourhood lithuanian capital city encompassing city district built 1960s history traced late 14th century lithuanian fishing village founded river old town historic sites internationally significant home lithuania largest jewish cemetery location mass graves soldiers belonging napoleon victims executions world war manor built surrounding peace park important historical cultural attractions area given early 1960s site award winning residential construction project city district lithuanian constructed applying urban planning concepts established ussr time massive palace concerts sports stadium relics soviet history important industrial sector ussr time function replaced supplanted newer businesses including lithuania leading companies undergone major renovation development 21st century north town area rapidly evolved key business residential districts city quarter number regimes military garrison internationally significant historical findings area geography occupies total area municipality according data census located north central western bank river flat plain rises north extends kilometres north south kilometres widest point southernmost point metres cathedral square centre city bordered north west separated old town western boundary defined following streets north south river serves northern eastern southern boundary street district main despite proximity city centre bank river covered strip dense deciduous forest begins bridge continues upstream northeasterly forested strip largely gaps near bridges approximate shoreline forest surrounds park disused passenger ferries forest northernmost section botanical nature reserve regional park bank river point near bridge continuing downstream 1980s sloped concrete net like structure includes patches grass net lower fortification concrete walkway ending kilometres downstream bridge walkway extensively providing seating construction vehicles use reach work areas walkway submerged river floods demographics ethnicity census taken april ethnic makeup lithuanian russian highest percentage poles ukrainian jewish armenian unspecified ethnicity population according census populous residents comprising total population populous lithuania population density according census private households making average household size persons population rapidly increasing largely construction residential buildings section elder estimated population residents increase census figure rapid growth placed strain city services age occasionally described borough elderly people borough elderly women certain statistical basis claim according data april census population male second lowest percentage population women men legal retirement age years women years men time highest percentage accordingly lowest percentage residents working age defined age retirement age total women men heavy proportion elderly persons district attributed settled way life residents arrived building boom 1960s children residents moved live leaving parents old dwelling male female ratio probably artifact differential male female lithuania male average lifespan lithuania years females according world health organization time census persons aged years comprised population second lowest percentage slightly higher likely average age residents decreased census continue decrease result active construction new dwellings acquired primarily younger people housing prices rise motivated sell apartments goal acquiring cheaper housing funds spare crime statistics crimes registered highest figure old town population data latest available census crimes residents year eighth highest figure large population total crime rate population data crimes residents terms crime density crimes square kilometre registered fourth highest figure old town total crime density population data thanks largely crime prevention programme safe city crime rates declining instance crimes registered months versus period decline trend continues crime rate decrease crimes residents frequently registered crimes months theft instances including car total number crimes rape instances total robbery instances injury instances percentage data overlap criminal act features registered separately total number crimes calculated incident history historical suburbs fishing village dating 14th century included glass factory 16th century lithuania largest jewish cemetery integral 16th century area south known manor manor property noble families officials oldest building 19th century military garrison established present day russian french polish armies territories consolidated city period rapid growth occurred 1950s 1960s manor officers apartments years housing renovation program launched military structures historical value preserved restored sought residential commercial areas 14th 19th centuries southernmost section lies bank river opposite castle complex settlement known settlement located according archaeological surveys fishing village located early late 14th century giving area literally fishermen later settled housed orthodox church barbara 16th century glass factory grand lithuania located suburb construction bridge river approximate location today bridge suburb integral city rule 19th century superseded originating small estate area alley seen map today street located close boundary usage gradually limited southern heritage retained fishermen street runs alongside river southern section street renamed commemorate achievements lithuanian olympic athletes sydney olympics largest oldest jewish cemetery lithuania mentioned located known local jewish community later associated borough bordering west cemetery officially closed subject gradual deterioration famous jews interred cemetery years polish lithuanian commonwealth area right bank river opposite peter paul church royal manor called polish established century king outpost castles manor held kings iii nobleman family grand lithuania family century monks acquired manor named resort outside ancient roman city villa surrounding forests game reserve sport fishing end century manor separated based core old royal manor rule russian_empire 19th century manor held noble families high ranking state officials including governor general lithuanian alexander mid-19th century main palace transformed cultural center visited manor passed possession held noble family world war area surrounding manor referred russian polish world war area known colloquially named colonel special corps later general russian_empire owned associated primarily individual wooden houses built late 19th early 20th centuries scattered apartment buildings military garrison built approximate location modern north town north old section russian_empire 19th century area went garrison number armies napoleon rest 19th century beginning 20th century 27th infantry division camp map world war polish army inter war period red army 1950s 20th century interwar period polish control southern known entire area referred polish fishermen modern called polish military training ground old dating times polish lithuanian commonwealth applied area north manor map published city nazi rule shows northern middle section place soldiers southern close manor place named honour streets area street referred hero great prussian uprising today street short street ending boundary soviet military base established current section 1950s heavily wooded northernmost populated 1960s 1960s attracted attention urban planners city district lithuanian constructed applying urban planning concepts established ussr time designed district consisted residential industrial sections centred public facilities largest residential area city district middle section built accordance project architect ussr state prize architect engineers time award presented designers large scale residential construction second southernmost built architect northernmost iii designed architect built site village city district named lithuanian village russian situated kilometres lithuania border district province village architect designer manor born future district major street named village seen map gave entire district new residential housing consisted exclusively story concrete block apartment buildings popularly known story high rise apartment buildings built constructed later seven brick built storeys apartment buildings meant primarily accommodate industrial workers came regions lithuanian soviet architecture era principles governing design set forth books university moscow planners instance new element route new city published ussr concept new element dated book later published ideal communist city united_states united_kingdom italy according book optimal apartment size square feet square metres bathroom single family homes considered autonomous ancient jewish cemetery stood way expansion destroyed construction stadium cemetery completely demolished accordance decree issued local authorities bodies members immediate family relocated receiving special permission soviet authorities relocation subject historical controversy cemetery subject archaeological survey late 1990s memorial stone placed southeastern portion cemetery inscription lithuanian stating cemetery established dating disputed incident history difficult reconstruct occurred bridge river set spring autumn collapsed weight crowd returning concert palace concerts sports rumoured bridge supports fully connected time witnessed fatalities involving crushing bridge structures public discussion disaster restricted number casualties remains unknown bridge erected site bridge serves need manor later officers apartments excavations took place territory remains bodies found identified area hide bodies lithuanian residents resistance fighters soviet occupation nazi collaborators executed palace died fighting polish soldiers remains mass grave placed built underground beneath artificial hill consecrated workers laying telephone line near garrison discovered mass grave found contain bodies soldiers remnants napoleon retreated moscow december temperatures sunk frozen ground proper impossible time comprised french portuguese italians germans austrians poles bones studied forensic dna evidence showed deaths caused remains interred cemetery findings included buttons stamped napoleon image wedding rings belt boots pieces french uniforms footage location series moments time produced discovery channel meet ancestors bbc archaeological surveys partially sponsored producers red army military base abandoned years lithuania independence soviet_union grace period granted order ensure orderly soldiers families 21st century soviet principles urban planning according census data lowest percentage single family housing city remaining residents owned share individual housing lived lived apartments lots means number single family dwellings likely increase reverse process taking place old wooden houses demolished making room new residential commercial constructions modern single family houses housing especially central sections need extensive renovation wear tear low medium quality construction program renew old apartment buildings including installation better ongoing partially assisted city municipality finished renovation project completely renewed apartment building built located area ways analogous public housing districts chicago london housing quickly erected 1960s proximity downtown transportation infrastructure access river account popularity principles soviet urban planning led growth modern concept smart growth section growing rapidly sought residential commercial areas military structures built late 19th century preserved restored construction deemed permanent value erected soviet times demolished leaving room new streets housing combination military heritage sites newer construction distinctive feature reflecting military history numerous street names military concepts including soldiers pilots march trenches light cavalry new streets built beginning 21st century named prominent figures lithuanian military history lithuanian army volunteer independence wars forces prominent officers inter war lithuanian army histories directly related area contrary personalities distinguished opposing polish armies historically garrisoned naming suggested ministry defence streets far bear military themed names scouts platoon international dispute arose 2000s construction near jewish cemetery organizations expressing concerns disturbed education educational institutions include secondary schools lithuanian language secondary school lithuanian secondary school students fifth largest school school features advanced classes visual arts christopher gymnasium lithuanian secondary school eighth largest students gymnasium lithuanian secondary school students school granted title gymnasium home acclaimed brass band established elementary schools located christopher basketball school sports school offer physical education school precision mechanics lithuanian established prepare workers manufacturer electrical products operating school tourism commerce lithuanian offers certificates basic hotel restaurant services business areas youth school serves students special needs succeed traditional classroom settings children foster homes census taken april residents aged older possessed bachelor higher degree facilities parks museums manor oldest extant architectural structure manor built following design style consists principal building palace storage house adjacent buildings including small eclectic chapel located metres south principal building little white manor known villa built south manor acquired reconstructed serve summer residence structures restored peace park includes manor hosting museum lithuania second half 20th century branch lithuanian museum genocide victims restored landscaping museum computing opened lithuanian software company showcasing history lithuanian computing science hardware production based museum opened leading computer manufacturers soviet_union museum exhibits include soviet vacuum tube computing machine manufactured copy brick stations cross regional park located extreme northwestern corner border destroyed completely rebuilt mount gardens found meters away relatively busy street meters downhill group soviet multi storey apartment buildings forested area banks river popular recreational destination governmental offices primarily residential area hosted public offices location personal identity documents centre lithuania ministry interior produces lithuania identity cards driver licenses residency permits issuance residence permits controlled city migration service housed state tax office providing services private legal persons medicine related institutions ministry health state public health service city institute forensic medicine university headquartered lithuanian national olympic committee department lithuanian labour exchange ministry social security labour honorary vice kingdom spain national examination center established ministry education organize centralized nationwide examinations high school graduates headquarters sports entertainment venues notable sports facilities located including stadium lithuania largest stadium plus fitness club rowing practices place river base operation piers bank river lithuania largest indoor public swimming pools situated 1990s annual international marathon course runs bank river palace concerts sports built southernmost middle cemetery example soviet architecture remarkable vessel like exterior palace icons soviet 1990s major venue sporting events especially local international basketball matches concerts shows seating capacity october building hosted statutory meeting lithuanian political organization led struggle lithuanian independence january public funeral victims january events took place palace later 1990s building temporary shopping mall space leased small business exhibitions 2000s developers announced plans build complexes incorporating sports business residential structures replace stadium palace concerts sports projects stalled inclusion palace list registry cultural values july related litigation palace culture entertainment sports example soviet built palace culture sports ministry interior hosts amateur art clubs particular indoor sports wrestling martial arts artistic basketball lawn tennis including clay courts theatre occupied arena home lithuania starring basketball team season women basketball team palace culture entertainment sports set twin towers september attacks new_york_city dangerous films production bbc discovery channel arena theater arena venue performances dance theatre southern sporting connections reflected names streets river sports palace students technical creative work republic lithuania largest facility high school students school activities technical nature model building racing grand theater small theater intentional formally based venue holds performances theaters building close western border example socialist built soon end world war home cinema early 1990s hosting new_york musical theatre club unclear building demolished way underground parking lots saved virtue inclusion registry cultural values commercial industrial facilities businesses comprising businesses headquartered lithuania largest electricity distribution network operator operates lithuania mobile communications operators lithuania largest retailers home lithuania largest dealer heating equipment prominent lithuanian basketball player business partners opened hotel located lithuania largest shopping centers bread lithuania largest company operates abundance automotive service facilities car located including lithuania largest chevrolet northern important lithuanian industrial sector 1960s 1970s 1980s fuel equipment factory bankrupt leading manufacturers electronics computer components soviet_union contributed description lithuanian soviet valley continues operate minimum level remains lithuania largest manufacturer electrical products transport served bus transportation network located northernmost main bus operator headquartered main depot suffers rush hour traffic jams street network district primarily designed soviet era lower vehicle traffic linked bridges river bridge longest bridge built bridge built bridge built bridge built link old town passenger ferry transport active 1990s limited occasional chartered tours bridge summer time half 20th century narrow gauge railway traversed following approximate course modern street crossed river bridge located near modern bridge seen map


street somerset street large village civil parish county somerset england census recorded parish having population situated dry spot somerset levels end hills miles south west evidence roman occupation history village dominated abbey dissolution monasteries comes 12th century causeway built transport local blue stone street rebuild abbey previously known society friends established century family started business later boots shoes clark headquarters street shoes longer manufactured instead redundant factory buildings converted form village purpose built factory outlet united_kingdom shoe museum provides information history manufacture general clark family mansion estate edge town owned school independent educational boarding school street home school college north street river marks boundary south street hills east biological sites special scientific interest street public swimming pools indoor complex outdoor theatre provides venue films exhibitions live performances anglican parish church holy trinity dates 14th century designated english_heritage grade listed building history settlement earliest known meaning sacred enclosure celtic saint book recorded country modern form centre street lower hamlet road called middle community called south village 12th century causeway built transport stone street rebuilding abbey fire street derived latin strata paved road causeway yards north roman road parish street local blue stone worked early 12th century end 19th century geological formation southern england group blue consists sequence limestone layers laid latest early times million years ago age corresponds lower stages fully including stage lowest divisions lower period given lower consists thin blue clay like limestone blue contains fossils especially fossils discovered include adopted badge street display street fossils natural history museum london churchyard parish church yielded iron age coin origin significance unclear known produced coins area number roman pottery fragments museum somerset remains roman exist south edge street near buried remains roman road excavated early 20th century flood plain river street parish churchyard flood free ground near river probably land inhabited form large churchyard suggests sacred area kind built half 6th century common place element languages welsh possibly original meaning welsh enclosed piece land later evolved mean parish surrounding church biography saint spending time abbey moving site river built chapel holy trinity died parish church holy trinity times known church abbey controlled street dissolution park acre km2 historic park approximately miles west street dates bronze age known reference grant king park conferred soon king john remained possession park house dissolution monasteries park owned duke somerset sir edward brother queen jane family family sir henry edward born house private residence grade listed building birthplace sir edward died poet writer henry fielding william manor pages hill medieval monastic house rebuilt abbot john abbey dissolution monasteries manor house owned marshall families sir john added wing later demolished house largely ruined restoration west wing added grade listed building governance parish council responsible local issues sets annual local rate cover council operating costs parish council local planning applications works local police district council officers neighbourhood watch groups matters crime security traffic parish council projects maintenance repair parish facilities district council maintenance repair improvement highways drainage public transport street cleaning conservation including trees listed buildings environmental issues responsibility council having previously street urban district village falls non metropolitan district formed april local government act responsible local planning building control local roads council housing environmental health markets refuse collection recycling leisure services parks tourism currently council street elect years street north liberal democrats street west liberal democrat councillor street south represented liberal democrat independent political party somerset county council responsible largest expensive local services education social services libraries main roads public transport fire services trading standards waste disposal strategic planning electoral street north south west total population shown street wells parliamentary constituency member parliament past post system current james elected conservative party street south west england constituency european parliament method party list proportional representation street town south eastern germany notre dame normandy france announced signs welcome visitors street geography river marks boundary north street time king arthur formed lake south hilly ground stands lake locations suggested legend home lady lake bridge stood western end lake guarding south sir thought thrown sword waters king arthur fell battle old bridge replaced reinforced concrete arch bridge 13th century direct route sea blocked gravel banks near course river partially encircled south western north gap hills join river axe north route difficult officials abbey transport produce outlying estates abbey valley river axe flood backed flood new channel constructed westwards pool north westwards mark valley living landscape conservation project based somerset levels managed somerset wildlife trust hills biological site special scientific interest south town lies end hills site owned managed national trust hills support complex mosaic semi natural habitats includes grassland dense scattered woodland structural diversity habitats extensive areas sheltered wood edge edge margins provide ideal conditions species butterflies spiders soldier flies particularly represented great green bush cricket interest adjacent east typical examples species rich grassland plant species found habitat early endemic britain main interest lies habitat large blue butterfly successfully reintroduced site nationally scarce species present woodland nationally scarce species beetle bee occur street heath nature reserve managed somerset wildlife trust outstanding examples communities common somerset levels vegetation consists wet dry heath species rich woodland transitions habitats rare present include marsh royal old workings wetland community includes yellow flag iris like lesser reed insects recorded include species butterflies notable birds breeding woodland include local willow park named james vicar street emigrated south_africa rose dean cape_town elevated climate rest south west england street temperate climate generally rest country annual mean temperature approximately seasonal temperature variation extreme united_kingdom adjacent sea temperatures summer months july august mean daily approximately winter mean minimum temperatures common summer azores high pressure affects south west england convective cloud forms inland reducing number hours sunshine annual sunshine rates slightly regional average hours december days sun recorded rainfall south west caused atlantic depressions convection rainfall autumn winter caused atlantic depressions active summer large proportion rainfall caused sun heating ground leading convection showers thunderstorms average rainfall days snowfall typical november march highest mean wind speeds june august winds predominant wind direction south west clark ltd society friends established century close group families cyrus started business later joined brother james introduced production later boots shoes james son william business flourished profits employee welfare housing education clark headquarters street frontage includes clock tower water tower shoes longer manufactured instead redundant factory buildings converted form village purpose built factory outlet united_kingdom despite strong concerns voiced local retailers time retail outlets led demise existing shops shoe museum provides information history manufacture general selection shop display 1930s 1950s 1960s television advertisements clark family mansion estate edge village owned school company society friends small home hill overlooking town style building leased youth association youth somerset purpose transport roman times street close route way route modern road runs bath cornwall street railway station biggest station original somerset joint railway main line junction closed axe opened renamed platforms services branch service wells station large goods yard controlled signal box site timber yard local company nearest stations miles away castle replica level crossing gates placed old station entrance education primary infant junior schools include school secondary school teaching year old students street local villages students ages years enrolled school shares campus college education beacon school somerset technology college second language college school shares campus college institution education college provides education students leave secondary school courses usually levels business technology education councils college provides education older mature students provides university level courses college university plymouth colleges network edge town school independent educational boarding school currently pupils founded boss house grounds originally owned clark family owned ran major shoe manufacturer sport leisure street non league football club street play street public swimming pools indoor outdoor indoor pool forms complex outdoor pool open daily early mid september year single use cinema street closed converted nightclub 1990s theatre linked school college complex place films exhibitions live performances opened october performance symphony orchestra theatre expanded new bar box office improved rehearsal space stage access cost steel davis partnership received award design expansion funded arts council england town route way south west religious sites anglican parish church holy trinity dates 14th century underwent extensive restoration 19th century designated english_heritage grade listed building chancel pre dates rest building having built recorded rector john parish linked street mission church road church baptist church road friends meeting house built francis bath notable people helen chamberlain english television presenter born street john harry patch known fighting tommy moved street early 1940s ran company town retirement age actress john born street going photographer nostalgic style influenced art photography widely known planned shoots john born street parents james parish street later bishop julia potter emigrated cape colony parents aged prime minister cape colony formation union south_africa english playwright writer illustrator lived street years death edwards composer director music rugby college born street