catherine bosnia catherine bosnia croatian october queen bosnia wife king stephen thomas penultimate sovereign born powerful house staunch supporters church marriage arranged bring peace king father catherine point embraced roman catholicism marked energetic construction churches country following husband death catherine role queen court king stephen years later forces ottoman_empire led invaded bosnia end independent kingdom catherine executed catherine son daughter thomas captured taken constantinople converted islam queen catherine escaped taking refuge eventually settling rome received pension rome reunited children efforts negotiate offer ransom proved futile died rome having named guardians bosnia children heirs throne return christianity queen catherine remains important figures folk tradition history bosnia despite evidence queen long catholics bosnia increasingly seen important state symbol youth catherine daughter powerful figures nobility grand duke bosnia ruler domain later came known german title adopted relation catherine mother daughter lord iii wives catherine couple child precise date birth known late august suggested biographers place birth fortress old seat house feudal town favourite residence little known catherine life earliest source mentions maternal great grandmother dated november left gold snake shaped member significant supporter church mother eastern orthodox christian catherine raised father confession catherine comes focus following accession stephen thomas throne thomas illegitimate birth designated heir belonged church married according customs wife mother son stephen years accession king thomas abandoned converted roman catholicism catholic_church recognize union valid marriage pope eugene gave permission early civil war king catherine father raging ended soon peace sealed marriage king thomas catherine great honour father project envisioned early beginning thomas requested union marriage marriage ceremony conducted according catholic rite catherine arrived near accompanied father wedding attended delegation republic failed end internal strife leading lord eastern bosnia lord coronation planned place mile near immediately wedding apparently postponed new queen consort converted catholicism laid aside errors likely prior marriage allowed pope eugene choose queen father appears contemplated converting eventually gave idea remained church death catherine proved convert initiated financed construction churches bosnia starting followed churches church built december wrote pope request church built monastery named namesake saint catherine alexandria conceded request papal bull issued december granting visited queen catherine church christmas easter certain feast days church built queen catherine dedicated saint catherine simple royal chapel churches built attributed catherine husband royal couple children king notified birth son likely daughter named catherine born queen catherine mother son king thomas buried 16th century chronicler believed boy born catherine hoped marriage maria serbia subsequent accession serbian throne way son accession bosnia hopes quickly months stephen lost serbia ottomans returned royal court wife king thomas died summer leaving catherine year old widow minor children stephen ascended throne intended catherine relations poor thomas lifetime threatened weaken kingdom adversaries rapidly expanding ottoman_empire stephen determined settle differences catherine guaranteed title privileges queen having assured stephen affection daughter grand duke succession claiming crown grandson catherine likely found interest throne occupied adult monarch child external threats december grand duke wrote venetian officials new king taken mother having died popularly believed retired castle historical basis dismissing possibility remained royal court mother stephen closest heirs catherine situation worsened brother revolted father sought help ottomans grand duke king started preparing defenses fatal mistake provoking powerful enemy relying help spring ottoman sultan army started marching bosnia catherine thought way south visit feuding family immediately home fortresses rapidly falling ottomans royal family appears decided disperse flee croatia coast directions confuse invaders catherine found besieged castle children captured town taken capital constantinople surrendering ordered surrender fortresses defied king order defenders appear stalled ottomans catherine escaped informed send vessels sister succeeded reaching coast days later executed orders queen rode probably finally embarking promised vessels sailing island held republic queens catherine maria members royal family escape ottomans refuge catherine arrived second half june authorities concerned queen provoke ottoman attack state refused entry july father brothers launched successful counter attack ottomans pushed away borders widowed law queen maria denied access islands july queen catherine attempted claim tribute paid annually rulers authorities declined august decided annual rent use houses land belonging royal family kept treasury legal heir established october catherine entrusted thomas silver sword handed freed person heir soon left reason reluctance comply catherine demands parts bosnia hungarian king overlord attempted revive kingdom installing puppet kings liberated land autumn succeeded occupying royal domain catherine likely headed family holdings ottoman attack summer catherine retreated peninsula granted refuge islands catherine left permanently september subsequent whereabouts likely lived area grand duke father died roman pension catherine sailed italian peninsula possibly suggestion dedicated poems took vessel disembarked october queen rome receiving generous pension papal state arrival rented house entourage consisting nobility followed october moved house near san pope gave considerable property adjacent queen prominent figure roman society presence wedding grand prince iii russia byzantine princess widely noted pilgrimage occasion translation relics new church construction funded king thomas lived comfortable life impression left roman wrote entourage mounted knights accompanying pilgrimage peter celebrate new year despite honours financial security enjoyed catherine preoccupied reuniting children intent finding negotiations sublime obtaining resources release turned iii july february addressed letter duke milan maria asking help reach ottoman border enter negotiations obliged summer queen city family possession accompanied brother wife probably wanted help establishing contact younger half brother converted islam ottoman statesman succeeded endeavor clear case failed reunite children followed uncle footsteps muslims case attaining high ranking posts ottoman_empire death burial disappointed failure catherine returned rome entered secular order probably inspired monk santa maria shortly death catherine visited nicholas puppet king hungarian controlled parts bosnia proposed recognize legitimate king attempted win favor days nicholas recorded ailing queen infuriated looked like sharp sabre october catherine recorded priest presence seven witnesses expressed wish buried main altar considering entitled dispose crown named pope successors guardians kingdom son convert christianity daughter personal belongings inherited chapel inventory left saint church slavic nation known saint saint relics passed saint mary church decreed son returned christian faith king thomas silver sword left handed nephew queen died days composing immediately taken pope husband sword spurs catherine buried according wishes moved floor wall works interior church original destroyed time roman recorded published years later uniquely bilingual written latin language script language latin restored found today legacy 12th century ban queen catherine entered folk tradition traditionally referred queen bosnia erroneously law replaced queen cult queen catherine mentioned paris published originated province argentina ottoman rule following ottoman conquest majority converted islam started promoting catherine symbol bosnia pre ottoman catholic identity particularly evident central bosnia folk tradition concerning catherine vivid life queen catherine popular themes history bosnia attracting attention scholars neighbouring countries croatia serbia rise ethnic nationalism historians attempted particular national identity completely medieval times association eponymous historical regions personal close ties catholicism eastern christianity islam queen catherine increasingly important state symbol bosnia anniversary death attracts attention year marked mass homeland schools community centers institutions associations named queen official delegation presidency bosnia laid tomb time catherine symbol mainly catholic muslim groups tend claim exclusively case rest medieval history political religious leaders group orthodox serbs tend claim medieval history exclusively shown significant interest catherine family tree


georgian known russian july november queen consort later eastern georgia wife king known daughter member house married marriage lasted years death union produced children final years husband reign exerted significant influence politics court affairs skeptical pro russian policies successor step son george tried prevent succeeding throne georgia russian annexation georgia queen deported russia proper died age buried alexander early life marriage daughter younger son prince western georgia years old reigning chose wife year second wife died marriage negotiated behalf relative princess daughter late king wife prince bride brought bishop met wedding celebrated court father king succeeded father death king uniting eastern georgian kingdoms single state issue succession couple better documented child princess born followed sons grew desire secure right succession offspring eldest surviving son second marriage anna crown prince george cornerstone involvement politics georgia years life involved influential persuaded husband principle favor inheritance death eldest son george king george death throne pass surviving son george offspring surviving sons alexander emerged line succession death king george late king declaring invalid account forced father breakdown strained relations george half brothers relations russia conflicting issue reigning step son georgia relations russian_empire skeptical georgia northern neighbour lifetime especially russians bound treaty protect kingdom external threat left devices face disastrous invasion iran queen repeatedly maintained relationship russia brought benefit georgia party opposed george renewed quest russian protection sons alexander openly broke half brother attempted coup help iranian allies relations royal family hit july george forced queen confinement palace prompting sons loyal forces downfall exile death george december russian general issued paul order members royal family beginning forbidding nomination heir throne paul death march applied new alexander confirm eldest son new king protect harassment george heir prince david supporters russian government proceeded outright annexation georgian kingdom bringing millennium rule georgia end queen sons withdrew opposition new regime alexander open rebellion trip outside closely watched russian military eventually alexander ordered commander georgia general members royal family georgia russia proper august state council confirmed decision instructed strengthen measures transport queen members royal family russia presence georgia cause reason development parties hostile russian relations particularly tense general angered wearing hat coat house interview noon declaring time task fulfilled successor general georgian origin vain cited illness avoid exile responded reason postpone departure accused correspondence russia enemies removing icon church russian military escorted october estate grandson exile russia known russians allowed settle lived rented house parish church simon anna later ailing queen permitted house church consecrated july closed following death november queen georgia lady russian order catherine grand cross buried alexander children children reached adulthood prince solomon died princess princess princess born died childhood prince prince born died childhood prince prince princess born died childhood prince born died childhood prince princess princess prince david prince princess born died childhood prince alexander prince born died childhood princess princess prince prince born died childhood khan born died childhood ancestry


princess united_kingdom princess november 12th child 5th daughter king george iii charlotte best known rumours surrounding supposed illegitimate child gave birth young woman youth closest father preferred daughters sons sisters lived fear mother educated raised strict household disliked idea daughters king george intended find suitable husbands came age king recurring bouts madness queen desire daughters live lives companions stopped offering result sisters grew mother household frequently referred rumours spread pregnant thomas father gave birth illegitimate son summer gossip declared child product rape elder brother duke cumberland deeply unpopular historians divided validity stories believe gave birth child tales spread royal family political enemies efforts prince regent gain sisters increased independence queen charlotte death years resided household niece princess victoria kent future queen_victoria palace fell sway victoria sir john took advantage rumours circulated awe ability deal effectively bullying supposed illegitimate son frequently served spy household elder brothers money princess died residence place palace early life princess born buckingham house london november twelfth child fifth daughter king george iii charlotte young princess christened december great council chamber james palace frederick archbishop_of_canterbury prince august cousin removed cousin twice removed wife cousin removed represented birth king george ensured daughters younger sons provision parliament elder sisters receive annual income marriages king death royal household rigid formal royal family private instance king entered room daughters expected stand remain silent addressed leave given permission queen charlotte attempts economical possible younger wore country dresses expensive ate plain food early life focused education lady charlotte served role performed royal children strict education discipline received brothers lady charlotte sub chosen queen charlotte arranged expert lessons english french music art geography sisters allowed play sports games brothers queen sought combine daughters educational benefits siblings brought exposure theatre entertained special performances princess appearance public occurred accompanied parents elder siblings commemoration george held westminster abbey uncommon period father involved parent early years preferred daughters sons possible attended birthday parties special events kept informed progress family friend remarked saw lovely children pleasing sight king fondness hand queen charlotte invoked fear daughters according royal historian maternal adulthood sister mary included family activities age fourteen debuted court father birthday june according biographer christopher young adulthood delightful moody girl pretty delicate passionate childhood devoted father occasionally found wrote dear king kindness grateful feel prior king george told daughters find suitable husbands despite stemmed sisters unhappy marriages remarked deny wished marry happy company want separation king suffered bout madness year aged remarked father behaviour affection kindness kindness understand greatly insanity occurred talk marriage daughters question rarely raised queen charlotte feared subject king push insanity furthermore queen strained husband illness wanted remain close result like sisters princess forced live life companion mother allowed mix outside royal court rarely came contact men pages constantly girls frequently complained living entertainment queen read practised occasion wrote days deadly dull wished princess royal daughter able marry relatively young rest men efforts stopped queen charlotte girls families children asked prince wales remained close help finding allowing marry loves allowing live outside queen charlotte household grateful jokingly wrote brother saying wonder vote putting sack drowning thames george regent little power sisters ascension regency led remaining unmarried receive increases supported desire venture society queen charlotte outraged attempts prince regent reconcile parties carefully sisters enjoy independence illegitimate child lifetime rumours alleged relationship brother duke cumberland later king prince regent supposedly warned sisters room duke cumberland deeply unpopular british people unclear truth rumours circulated duke numerous political enemies limited exposure eligible men sisters involved entered relationship father chief major general thomas man thirty years senior large purple face causing sister mary refer purple light love charles old devil despite lady waiting noted princess violently love saw contain presence wrote sisters affairs diary entry women fall love opportunity accidents importance positive merits mind body world mixing people boiling ready fall hands man circumstances enabled gossip soon spread existence illegitimate child historians contend august gave birth child fathered flora believes rumours child questioned child fathered brother duke cumberland historians write child baptised thomas like father raised father mother visit occasionally child apparently tried blackmail royal family certain documents father supposed parents relationship ended failure conversely anthony camp challenges belief child provides detailed summary available evidence book royal history european royalty author writes possibility duke raped sister citing evidence charles diaries factors historian gill believes secretly gave birth child reason married write possible marriage year child birth evidence assertion presence wedding ring portrait aged later life favourite niece princess charlotte wales young princess liked gentle character certain fascination gossip surrounding past charlotte wrote hardly believe belongs wholly different thoughts opinions matters mind renders favourite constant scenes intrigue ill support prince regent efforts help sisters led marriages mary elizabeth queen charlotte death allowed domestic freedom late marry mother inherited lower lodge windsor great park turn gave prince regent death princess resulted house queen death lived palace final years niece princess victoria kent future queen_victoria result princess paternal relatives victoria saw like sister law kent fell spell victoria sir john let manage money princess kent social circle return absent palace reported heard james palace privileged access elder brothers speculated successful ability deal bullying illegitimate son historians write took advantage years easily mourning fading looks confused nearly blind aunt household kent despised princess victoria aware aunt spy close wealth allowed live rich lifestyle acquiring house estates responsible certain members victoria household gaining higher victoria instance orders george named knight commander order death having blind years morning princess ill residence place visited sister mary sister law queen adelaide nephew law prince albert death occurred later day mary kent cambridge present princess buried green cemetery london immediately east central chapel windsor castle wished near brother prince frederick duke sussex lies opposite path death discovered money princess virtually estate charles wrote entry diary princess died days ago queen victoria holding drawing room birthday blind helpless suffered clever informed woman lived world titles styles honours arms titles styles november royal princess arms daughter sovereign use arms kingdom label points centre point bearing heart outer points bearing rose ancestors


old norse mac earl son margaret daughter earl mixed norse blood descendant scots kings significant figure northern scotland played prominent scottish politics twelfth century saga names powerful background early twelfth century weakened time earl remained control dominant parts outer succession great interest scots king david marriage margaret believed taken place long shortly following david suppression major revolt involving grandson king mac illegitimate son david brother alexander subsequent extension royal power provinces ross david nephew william duncan appointed rule proposed power lay scottish kingdom granted authority new lands north marriage arranged mind born shortly took control disappearance earl paul saga reports official tale paul killed orders mother earl paul loved female mother sister previously tried murder poisoned shirt instead caused death brother represented pro norwegian faction said supporters originally intended advance claims son paul death margaret king david backing imposed infant joint ruler early years main threat came especially supporter old soon disposed burned death hall near saga names killer says came south blessing help man custody earl paul disappeared early years power exercised jointly behalf chosen king david enjoyed relative stability saga contains usual killings time including death earl unknown visited norway earl probably met king visit decision crusade recounted length saga returned departed expedition king eldest brother undertook raiding expedition norway operation encountered near captured freed return ransom gold giving oath went raid coasts scotland england possibly result activities king david granted half cousin result recounted saga political struggle ended murder killed heavily involved conflict king david died succeeded young grandson king died war brothers left sole surviving son result undisputed earl king scots king norway position contest power earl kings enemies death pursued policy supporting enemies kings scotland died young brother william enemies active north west power significant king married earl cousin isle man sons mac illegitimate son king alexander held prisoner descendants william duncan ross possibly branch ancient dynasty rights expedition ross king william brother earl david related activities years later rebellion son mac broke ross presumed earl played rebellion finally suppressed defeat rebellion led conflict earl king william appears scots norman nobles planted ross previously happened family murray later produced andrew granted lands ross unlikely unique award king william fell ill catalyst final conflict lasted struggle william granted lands young grandson young killed following year saga states king william called king fight possibly claims lands people remembered mother younger daughter earl elder daughter married king isle man father man lady son retook time campaign dated saga tells came stronghold bishop john bishop john went meet apparently greet earl seized tortured mutilated reports bishop john way believed john informant set making trouble king william creation john undoubtedly intended extend scots authority region new john soon came conflict bishop conflict presented dispute collection form peter appealed pope innocent iii wrote bishop bishop ross prevent john interfering collection king william treatment bishop john cause war brought large army north army said large fight agreed quarter revenues william time earl son captured scots revenge treatment bishop john cow claim throne mother lady blinded dying soon later prison faced troubles norwegian king warriors led brother law fought behalf king son king norway throne king joined son law norwegian earl brother law king king force confronted spring fleets met island north bergen norway battle april experience norwegian veterans proved decisive king won fell men king appears believed involved affair battle king punished seizing returned lifetime pope innocent persuaded personally responsible abuse bishop john wrote bishop order ensure man blamed deeds suitably punished story turbulent life reaches close died natural causes long reign years aged wife named shared daughter children saga names margaret second wife earl saga says called literature daughter earl married children david jon father presumed mac possibly heir dynasty rights sons mother sons carry old rival claims scots throne appears king william demanded condition peace surviving david jon joint father death mac mac ruled ross known earl david died sickness leaving jon rule earl jon implicated indirectly burning bishop adam hall local farmers jon accused looking discontent king alexander undertook harsh killing satisfaction pope iii writer saga alexander burning bishop death land fresh memory jon killed contested great grandson demanded jon share jon supporters fought war agreed king settle matter concerned set norway ship carrying earl jon supporters lost sea return voyage result line norse came temporary end earl granted norway son angus ruled angus lords remained kingdom norway


princess alice united_kingdom princess alice united_kingdom alice mary april december later princess louis grand rhine child second daughter queen_victoria albert prince consort alice queen_victoria children die mother died alice spent early childhood company parents siblings travelling british royal residences education devised albert close friend adviser baron included practical activities french german father prince albert diagnosed fever december alice death december year following death queen_victoria entered period intense mourning alice spent months acting mother unofficial secretary july court height mourning alice married minor german prince louis heir grand ceremony conducted privately house described queen funeral wedding princess life unhappy result family tragedy relations husband mother alice prolific patron women causes showed interest nursing especially work florence involved austro prussian war filled injured heavily pregnant alice devoted time management field hospitals organisations princess alice women guild took day day running state military hospitals result activity queen_victoria concerned alice medical particular matters wrote alice younger sister princess recently married don let alice pump silent cautious interior alice grand accession husband increased duties putting strains health months infected court alice family month falling ill princess alice mother russia empress consort nicholas maternal grandmother louis 1st earl burma india maternal great grandmother prince philip duke edinburgh consort queen elizabeth_ii daughter married grand duke russia like family killed early life childhood alice born april buckingham palace london second daughter child queen_victoria husband albert prince consort christened alice mary private chapel buckingham palace archbishop_of_canterbury william june named alice honour victoria prime minister lord melbourne passionate admirer queen commented alice favourite female anglo saxon chosen honour alice princess gloucester niece king george iii mary chosen alice born day maternal great aunt gloucester gender greeted mixed feelings public council sent message albert expressing birth second daughter king duke cambridge stood princess kent stood hereditary prince hereditary grand duke stood princess gloucester alice birth prompted parents find larger family home buckingham palace equipped private apartments victoria growing family needed including suitable victoria albert purchased house isle family holiday home alice education devised father close friend baron alice siblings taught practical skills cooking daily lessons english french german victoria albert favoured monarchy based family values alice siblings wore middle class clothing daily basis slept sparsely furnished little heating alice fascinated world outside royal household visited tenants living working estate occasion escaped chapel windsor castle sat public better understand people strict adherents royal protocol war year old alice toured london hospitals wounded soldiers mother eldest sister emotionally sensitive siblings sympathetic people possessing sharp tongue easily triggered temper childhood alice formed close relationship brother prince wales eldest sister princess royal victoria marriage prince frederick prussia greatly upset family alice compassion people suffering established role family maternal grandmother paternal great aunt victoria kent died march alice spent time grandmother played piano drawing room final stages illness following mother death queen broke grief relied heavily alice albert given instruction comfort mama queen wrote uncle king belgium dear good alice intense affection distress months later december albert died windsor castle final illness alice remained alice sent prince wales telegram knowledge queen refused blamed albert death queen distraught husband death court entered period intense mourning alice mother unofficial secretary months physical representation monarch passed queen official papers government ministers queen public life alice aided task younger sister princess princess elder sister normally selected assist inability long crying held marriage alice plans begun mother queen_victoria expressed wish children marry love mean choice necessarily extended anybody outside royal houses europe raising british subject royalty high rank politically wasted opportunity useful foreign alliance queen instructed daughter princess frederick prussia recently married prince frederick prussia produce list eligible princes europe search produced suitable candidates prince orange prince albert prussia cousin victoria husband frederick prince orange soon discounted windsor castle queen_victoria look person proved alice prince showed little interest alice despite strong pressure pro british mother queen netherlands prince prince frederick prussia remarking cousin deserves best leading candidates discounted princess victoria suggested prince louis minor german royal nephew grand duke princess victoria gone court inspect louis sister princess anna potential bride brother prince wales favourably impressed princess anna impressed louis brother prince henry invited windsor castle ostensibly watch races company royal family reality visit chance queen inspect potential son law queen admired louis henry noted louis alice got family departed louis requested alice photograph alice clear attracted engagement wedding alice engaged prince louis april following queen consent queen persuaded prime minister lord vote alice considered generous time prince albert remarked able great things little realm compared sister victoria inherit future queen prussia german empress furthermore couple future home grand seat uncertain queen_victoria expected new palace built people want meet expense resulting controversy caused resentment meant alice unpopular arrived engagement wedding alice father prince albert died december despite queen grief ordered wedding continue planned july alice louis married privately dining room house converted temporary chapel queen sons acting living screen blocking view took place near altar alice given away uncle albert brother duke flanked younger sisters louis sister princess anna ceremony alice wore white dress veil lace required wear black mourning clothes ceremony queen sitting struggled hold tears shielded view prince wales prince alfred second son cried service weather winds blowing channel queen wrote eldest daughter victoria ceremony funeral wedding remarked alfred lord day remember queen gave daughter gold diamond pearl gift parents dear alice loving parents albert victoria visibly parted united april ceremony described royal wedding modern times couple set honeymoon claire house lent family alice entourage consisted lady churchill general baron alice careful queen marriage queen visited couple claire alice tried appear happy despite alice displays romantic bliss queen jealous daughter happiness princess louis settling alice louis arrived july greeted cheering crowds gathered spite pouring rain introduced town officials took train breakfast taking steamer rhine took train greeted great enthusiasm alice wrote mother believe people gave welcome sister wrote enthusiastic entry alice adapt immediately new surroundings believe far away england father alive mother queen journal nearly fortnight dear alice left strange dear precious comfort assistance hardly miss felt going utterly loss thought passed question alice residence issue arrival grand duke unwilling fund residence daughter queen_victoria low funds pair given house old quarter overlooked street past easily heard house thin walls suit alice spent time possible new surroundings travelled england marriage brother prince wales princess denmark alice delivered child victoria alberta marie april presence queen_victoria court chaplain called england especially alice relationship mother difficult continue death returning alice louis given new residence north east alice gave birth second daughter elizabeth nicknamed november alice decision newborn daughter upset mother breast feeding queen upset alice having found true happiness visiting england austro prussian war austria called prussia hand administration point jointly administered powers duke prussia refused von sent troops austrian administered provoked war austria prussia siding austrians technically making alice sister victoria enemies alice heavily pregnant child saw louis depart command cavalry sent children stay queen_victoria england despite pregnancy performed royal duties expected sex station making troops preparing hospitals july gave birth princess prussian troops verge entering grand duke surrender prussia terms provoked fury fiercely anti prussian prince alexander alice realised conquered german states likely form union like sister victoria supported alice louis communicated extensively war alice urging louis risks louis urging worry panic ensued youth corps fleeing posts leaving palace defend city eventually armistice prussia concluded louis wrote safe reunited alice met unexpectedly street visited wounded entered alice devoted time sick wounded friend florence able collect send money england alice advice ventilation hospitals despite relieved war alice appalled behaviour prussian troops berlin took grand railways telegraph systems assessed million alice wrote mother turn wrote princess victoria responded relieve painful position alice results war influence came emperor russia urged prussian king allow grand duke throne facts emperor mother grand duke aunt alice sister prussian crown princess likely influenced prussia alice angered visit princess victoria conquered region originally shortly prussian territory religious beliefs alice developed friendship theologian david friedrich controversial figure time published life jesus argued bible literally interpreted god word view akin orthodox circles alice view similar believed contemporary victorian society presenting god way early christians offered alice intellectual husband equipped provide regularly invited new palace read alice privately friendship flourished introduced alice sister victoria brother law frederick invited berlin wanted new work lectures alice afraid ask spared need asking alice relationship angered empress labelled alice complete hearing promotion later life tragedy alice youngest favourite son friedrich called died falling feet window child suffered regained consciousness internal bleeding stopped alice recovered death writing mother months later glad little coloured picture feel lower miss continually queen attention focused engagement son prince alfred grand marie russia surviving daughter alexander wife empress marie refused present daughter pre marriage inspection england instead invited queen meet family germany alice supported suggestion day wrote queen missed queen wrote alice scathing terms entirely taken russian think dear child tell ought death alice attached closely surviving son newborn daughter marie resumed public duties including fund raising medical social work held interest maintained active correspondence social reformer hill years relations husband deteriorated late travelled england treatment internal complaint caused backward remained recovered wrote husband criticising letters children wrote letters short accounts eaten etc opinions observations remarks surprised write like october wrote letter louis real apart life offer naturally disappointed look spite great ambitions good intentions real effort hopes completely ship wrecked caused intentionally regret lack intention desire insight mean spending time wishing share time wrong talk things letters dear kind bare feel person rain fine weather things happened tell utterly cut real self life tried talk things felt need meet developed separately feel true thoughts meet love husband sad feel life incomplete intentionally blame think following day alice wrote shorter letter louis looked forward meeting hoped letter distress better honest feelings despite marital problems alice remained strong supporter husband highly critical abilities talents fully recognised march louis father prince charles died making louis heir apparent june year charles successor grand duke louis iii died louis alice grand duke continued coupled mother wanting england caused strain children spent july august normandy louis visited hurt reputation increasingly bitter louis wrote august expressing hope bitterness salt water drive away bitterness feel don speak harshly come join happiness seeing alice took louis letter heart responding shall certainly come intention saying unpleasant shake unpleasant like shaking water comes sea like help comfort advise share heat life noon day cool evening insight understanding sympathy response louis sent letter alice cry letter alice letters louis encouraging assuring ability decisions alice louis return grand duke met celebration alice expect found duties overwhelming writing mother alice new role reform social conditions found responsibility mother people letter mother wrote duties stand long run distressed louis aunt grand caroline hurt letter queen_victoria alice complained louis letter cry anger wish dead probably long mama pleasure mention provoked angry tried involve arts sciences distance society continued feel burden duties christmas provided respite alice family gathered youngest daughters marie exhausted attend wedding niece princess charlotte prussia berlin january autumn queen_victoria paid grand family holiday stayed house grand parade alice performed royal duties trip visited mother returning new palace late final illness death november grand household fell ill alice eldest daughter victoria fall ill complaining stiff neck evening november diagnosed following morning soon disease spread alice children marie husband louis infected shortly child fall ill having sent away alice palace princess charles mother law marie seriously ill november alice called late marie death time alice arrived distraught writing queen_victoria pain words weeks alice kept news marie death secret children finally told early december reaction worse anticipated refused believe sat crying alice broke rule physical contact ill gave kiss alice fall ill met sister victoria passing way england wrote mother hint resumed day saturday december anniversary father death seriously ill caught son words dear fell unconscious died alice buried december grand outside union flag coffin special monument alice daughter marie erected joseph child queen_victoria die mother years victoria noted coincidence dates albert alice deaths incredible mysterious writing journal day alice death queen_victoria referred recent family terrible day come round shocked grief wrote daughter princess victoria precious child stood upheld seventeen years ago day taken awful fearful disease nature self sacrificing character fearless entire devotion duty animosity victoria alice longer present princess victoria expressed grief mother page letter deeply alice sister closest husband forbidden attending funeral emperor germany worried safety alice death felt britain times wrote people felt nature princess model family virtue daughter sister wife mother abundant sympathies sought objects help great unknown waste human distress illustrated london news wrote lesson late princess life noble obvious moral worth far important high position death heavily felt royal family especially alice brother sister law prince princess wales princess wales meeting queen alice death wish died instead prince wrote earl alice favourite sister good kind clever gone legacy alice founded alice hospital treat city sick wounded organisation continued flourish long alice death grandson louis earl burma gave lecture hospital spoke highly alice saying point departure remained human ill needed help needs war peace stood person willing help wishing needs purpose use organisation streamlined alice establishments alice society women training industry purpose women princess alice women guild organisation devoted training nurses organisations especially active important austro prussian war time alice dedicated annoyed husband saw consuming wife time expense descendants alice descendants went play significant roles world history fourth daughter married nicholas russia passing mother gene son husband children killed city summer sixteen months february revolution forced nicholas alice second daughter elizabeth married grand duke russia nun assassination met similar fate killed day louis son alice eldest daughter victoria india assassinated prince philip greece denmark great grandson victoria daughter princess alice married elizabeth_ii united_kingdom titles styles honours arms titles styles april july royal princess alice july june royal princess louis rhine june december royal grand rhine honours january companion order crown india arms alice younger sisters granted use royal arms shield representing father shield label points demonstrating child monarch outer points bore spot centre bore rose differentiate members royal family children ancestors


died prince eleventh century kingdom king son grand prince polish princess named visible papal sources early largely absent contemporary sources father death father exile found acting father behalf attempt gain favor german emperors papal court pope gregory vii father returned followed father death appointed prince prince new grand prince uncle fallen state grand prince extension grand prince son forcing flee poland mother homeland returned peace murdered year journey remembered sources extremely pious generous church recognized saint eastern orthodox church family background son died king daughter polish duke king died succession war polish ruler taken interest hoping gain control land red seized great despite initial success expedition failed establish son law prince throne polish ruler gain red briefly recovered grand prince prince grand prince forced duke poland settle peaceful deal recognised control red returned prisoners polish custody captured decades peace secured marriages married sister gave sister son political turmoil son grand prince year ascended throne rule security quickly challenged brother cousin time senior branches claim grand descent great descendants rebelled attempt overthrow grand prince claiming right great grandson great attempt unsuccessful ended imprisonment troubles continue alleged advances incursions people defeat battle river led citizens revolt released took throne fled poland polish assistance returned expelled retook throne victory secured throne descendants descendants confined reigned semi independent status exile west despite successful exclusion expelled throne brothers prince prince king willing able assist time probably reason traveled west early sought aid king henry germany avail sent rome request aid pope gregory vii likely complaints money seized pope subsequently issued request return pope gregory addressed letter called king russians queen letter noted called peter given father fidelity pope requested kingdom russians held peter papal sent urged operation death late able recover status grand prince previously fought appointed prince heir throne explaining lack opposition poles persuaded assistance recovering kingdom july entered prince found aiding father uncle brother attempted gain throne allied help defeated battle grand prince son able reverse result forced retreat grand prince father died result battle primary chronicle records death ruling city north brother ruled prince ruled prince uncle grand prince given received little known following years reported entrenched account developments primary chronicle makes course events far transparent based princes unhappy territorial settlement said attempted expel grand prince son drove away following gift grand prince included land control trade byzantine_empire said hostile grand prince reported entrenched ordered son march lacking confidence resources fled poland leaving followers mother captured family treasure assigned death legacy following year returned reportedly came agreement specific known terms reinstated murdered circumstances murder clear primary chronicle suggested prince brother prince murderer man called sword fleeing hide date given november body taken buried church peter church endowed said married german noble woman daughter children names come record daughter married far relative prince member branch family records daughter married count mention sons known died died fate descendants mysterious scarce records left embedded primary chronicle eulogy prince honors assigned habit assigning tenth wealth mother god probably personal devotion peter established new church peter monastery city said left wealth monastery caves primary chronicle eulogy indication regard today saint eastern orthodox church feast day falling reported day death november ancestry family wife daughter daughter married prince daughter married house iii son son son


bulgarian original spelling bulgarian member dynasty major contender bulgarian throne initially opposed ascension close relative fled serbia accepted grand prince serbian support helped establish largely independent ruler large region macedonia turned bulgarian vassal joined forces enemy serbs murdered amidst major anti serbian campaign unclear circumstances plot likely involved saint throne contender serbian vassal mentioned events wake sudden death siege held like noble later emerge nephew brothers peter emperors second bulgarian empire unclear relation early cousin brother time death capital seeking capitalize ancestral rights bulgarian crown proved ambitious candidate persecuted candidates throne sons leave bulgaria happened members royal family ascension forced closest supporters flee case neighbouring serbia welcomed reigning early requested bulgaria serbian ruler hoped use puppet gaining bulgarian held territory believed royal ancestry imperial aspirations easier impose serbian rule macedonia belgrade captured bulgaria time unable military action serbian patron suffered major defeat hands went far blood brother ceremony hoping secure loyalty headed serbian force seized valley bulgaria established serbian vassal fortress near modern capital bulgarian realm spread macedonia valley east bordered lands controlled west north south quickly gained support local bulgarian population possibly inherited remaining administration rule serbian units remained domains guarantee loyalty intent annex lands bulgarian vassal marriage daughter latin emperor henry flanders potentially great danger facing joint forces fearing coalition approached time gaining power close complete independence serbia agreed union enemy complete autonomy eliminated remaining serbian troops lands act serbs saw devil inspired treason impossible persuaded military action likely union achieved negotiations year come peace michael ruler late michael attempted joint campaign lost lands likely retaliation raid late early failure attack prompted michael break away bulgarian allies support early clashed required assistance michael henry invaded western reaches realm early summer allied bulgarian army suffered heavy defeat hands michael henry brother bernard resulted territorial losses prevented expansion south relation anti council referred title conferred agreement awarded rule case certainly recognized right signs divided possessions administrative units headed powerful considered latin empire chief adversaries michael emperor henry anti serbian campaign death series military failures peace henry cemented royal marriages vassal joined bulgarian latin union short term goal double invasion serbia forces henry attacked serbia east army deemed contemporary sources countless penetrated serbian territory south reached facing major invasion fronts serbs quick ask peace envoys failed sent brother archbishop saint camp diplomacy effect died night departure serbian sources present death miracle stabbed angel reality likely murdered plot orchestrated historian john fine found supporters nobles turned organized murder defect serbia immediately according saint dying words claimed stabbed young soldier order murder meant end latin bulgarian campaign undertake campaign macedonia proximity coalition troops halted territory rule controlled meantime serbs failed advantage death far manage acquire domains assessment legacy contemporary serbian sources saint highly critical actions serbs accused treason cruelty saint tells alleged tendency captives thrown high cliff river guests entertainment prisoners falling death shout coats wet bulgarian historian dismisses allegations biography medieval ruler true member dynasty defends actions child time characteristic vivid personality independence bulgarian folklore including legendary account life written biography prince 18th century later location macedonia tied locals folk interpreted defended people ottomans ruins river near west known locals fortress reality capital lay far south castle formed border fortifications site negotiations murder


adam adam died royal administrator clergyman edward england advanced professionally patronage devon chamberlain steward isabella devon time enormous fortune primarily acquiring debts jewish business methods dubious involved illegal activities fell victim investigation corruption royal administration death later held prison called modern historian greatest probably thirteenth century money eventually met fate deserved early career adam son thomas margaret wiltshire adam appears change probably reflects emergence major landowner area known adam early life mention dates royal clerk likely position devon strong connection career devon hereditary devon patronage rose quickly ranks master king works westminster isabella devon deputy chamberlain isabella position accompanied wiltshire clergyman notorious held majority fortune came expulsion major england jews covered christian reign henry iii jews rates forced sell acquired debts reduced prices debts lucrative buyers bound existing contract demand higher rates land greater opportunities offered trading jewish debts associated major italian family illegal activities downfall acted capacity isabella steward officially title post committed offences accused cutting seal charter abbey authenticity result similar cases brought light led conviction widely believed bought bribes continued late complaints reached king edward edward returned prolonged stay late immediately started purge corruption royal administration including proceedings chief justice king bench relieved office chamberlain temporal possessions january arrest found possession vast sum time equivalent million present day terms according chronicle cotton silk lined chest discovered containing women hair feet considered ingredients box sealed officials managed break seal throw contents friends pardon marks june released retained ecclesiastical wealthy man sum insignificant compared previous holdings land cotton estimated eventual downfall resulted ongoing conflict convicted grant imprisoned tower end year condemned referred years august dead known executed died natural causes according career adam deserves attention striking example public private local central royal financial administrative activities social life


middle persian persian general erroneously designated earlier scholars succeeded throne early age supervised uncle regent reached age fourteen tried assert independence supported rebellions maintained diplomatic contacts china finally conquered country captured members family fled ended life biography born son died grandson great died ruler dynasty reign coins known according traditional account established quasi independent rulers muslim conquest persia collapse empire owed payment tribute nominal arab managed despite repeated muslim attempts invasion maintain autonomy exploiting inaccessible terrain country recent interpretation sources supports actually established family rule earlier works dynasty named erroneous interpretation evidence led earlier scholars rule thought begun succeeded father age years regency exercised uncle little came age sons refused recognize claim tried throne plot allegedly betrayed slave girl help sons cousin managed defeat sons later took wife sons given high positions state historian ibn gives vivid description prosperity time major centre textile production including silk traded turks central asia probably sea said contributed prosperity building numerous tried consolidate extend royal power turmoil islamic civil war effect sending embassy court recognized king ban vassal prince revolution forced submit armies muslim muslim supported quarrel muslim murdered supported anti rebellion entrusted muslim treasure keeping revolt defeated fled killed cousins ostensibly failed man proper respect possible murder instigated hope acquiring remainder muslim treasure sent son heir recover treasure muslim denied having tried cousins desired effect challenging loyalty subjects eventually forced accommodate accepting increase annual tribute brought level paid soon took advantage rebellion ibn governor throw allegiance sent army intention completely country making province fled fortress mountains besieged escaped nearby fortress eventually fell family fell hands brought baghdad tried regain kingdom raised army mountain region invaded repulsed returned learning family capture said life joy death respite took poison probably regular province ruled arab governor local subject continued control mountainous interior tributary government coins governor substituted result earlier works mention date death family capture sons crown prince received arabic names fate unknown according chinese sources hand embassy court time conquered daughters distributed members dynasty names confused taken brother ibn muhammad daughter reported daughter fourth islamic civil war populace baghdad turned sons opposition son ibn refused half brother ibn accepted ruled anti


sir forbes 11th sir forbes 11th september september scottish nobleman general farmer birth christened elizabeth forbes officially registered youngest daughter john lord uncomfortable upbringing began living man start medical career formally registered birth male adopting forbes married month later stood inherit elder brother large estate inheritance challenged cousin argued registration invalid interpretation forbes legally considered woman unable inherit legal position unclear took years ruling court session finally upheld home secretary granting title case held great secrecy effect unable considered legal recognition gender widely known death family background established family holders bestowed restricted heirs male sir william forbes eighth inherited cousin maria title lord took surname forbes william death titles passed eldest son john john new lord landowner soldier served scouts black watch south african war later command 8th battalion black watch world war wounded battle 1880s met fashionable german resort bad couple married june bride background brought wales accomplished couple children eldest william born shortly marriage william later engineer aviator spy daughters known died birth margaret later decorated member women auxiliary air_force second world war justice peace dying car accident finally fourth child born christened elizabeth forbes known family betty early life issue gender later prove contentious birth registration recorded female child forbes later commented mistake brought girl alongside margaret found childhood dominated growing gender spent large time playing cousins patrick david contemporary photographs forbes seen dressed trousers male jacket unconventional dress young woman era book days written years later forbes recalled hatred dress social engagements going great lengths avoid lord insisted strict scottish upbringing children meant taught speak write european languages forbes refused away girls school meant educated home pressed allowed overseas attend pre university course eventually settled educational institution dresden coming london late 1920s forbes studied dresden year travelling central europe visiting prague vienna following academic year continued studies paris attended lectures studied principal paris forbes accomplished public summer won scots verse contest music festival paid series recordings poems charles murray returning paris led troupe scottish country dancers dancers don formed isabella mitchell time forbes heart set studying medicine father refused fund studies arguing work managing estate need study resolved fund studies aiming aside cover costs studied psychologist munich living british novelist whilst witnessed german elections brought nazi party power heard adolf_hitler speak death lord passed william eldest child forbes inherited farming estate acres km2 took new lifestyle adopting broad accent taking wearing masculine medical career forbes accepted medical student university graduating taking post junior casualty officer royal swift progression senior casualty officer began work general addition normal work rural doctor called act medical officer large number german prisoners war held area command language area largest medical practices united_kingdom winter months forbes travel foot converted universal carrier conditions entirely unfamiliar trip uncle age thirteen led taking skiing figure skating winning number bob races live remained appointing medical assistant live town farm left hands small resident staff quickly ran financial troubles raise large money quickly forbes sold practice returned farm running directly going concern moving forbes begun publicly present man formally male simple process requesting warrant birth registration sheriff registering male changing forbes announced notice press journal september forbes henceforth wishes known forbes plans known advance patients reported universally supportive forbes equally press describing situation reporter mistake registered girl place course years ago doctors days mistaken sacrificed horror parents sex month later october married isabella mitchell past years founder dance troupe marriage took place recently joined inheritance lawsuit registration passed public comment issue gender remain private december elder brother died leaving daughters sons posing problem inheritance inherited heirs male female passed directly eldest daughter ann bulk land pass male heir family assumed inherit younger brother challenged cousin john forbes argued registration invalid mean forbes legally considered woman unable inherit title pass john forbes time gender registration permitted limited set cases leading case decided held registration form permitted sex child birth later discovered error challenge taken court session case heard great secrecy papers publicly filed judge sat solicitor office open court hear case records case recently available national archives scotland total medical experts called evidence testimony taken court indicate forbes physical accord legal requirement birth medical evidence conclusive professor martin observed evidence felt forbes condition closer professor john strong described medical tests involved wholly conclusive judge ruled favour forbes suggested judge desired ensure estate title inherited right candidate flexible judgement obtain result ruling appealed lord advocate referred matter home secretary james finally ruled december forbes rightful holder title confirming court decision level secrecy case criticised contemporary observers meant properly recorded published exact facts argument known time result whilst sharply differs later able considered precedent later legal recognition gender later life taking forbes dropped surname adopted family 1880s inherited reason persist titles separated inheritance case settled left public eye returned life rural landowner placed castle hands national trust scotland continued live house forbes elder local appointed justice peace published book early years days forbes died leaving children succeeded cousin john man originally mounted legal challenge 1960s widow isabella survived dying


marie romania princess marie edinburgh commonly known marie romania marie victoria october july queen consort romania wife king ferdinand born british royal family titled princess marie edinburgh birth parents prince alfred duke edinburgh grand maria russia marie early years spent kent malta refusing proposal cousin future king george chosen future wife crown prince ferdinand romania heir apparent king carol marie crown princess immediately popular romanian people marie controlled weak husband ascension prompting canadian newspaper state royal greater influence queen marie reign husband outbreak world war marie urged ferdinand ally triple declare war germany eventually early stages fighting occupied central powers marie ferdinand children took refuge daughters acted nurses military hospitals caring soldiers wounded afflicted cholera december province following united old kingdom marie queen consort greater romania attended paris peace conference campaigned international recognition enlarged romania ferdinand crowned specially built cathedral ancient city elaborate ceremony mirrored status queen king united state queen popular romania abroad marie children undertook diplomatic tour united_states received enthusiastically people visited cities returning romania marie found ferdinand ill died months later queen marie refused regency council reigned country minority grandson king michael marie eldest son carol waived rights succession deposed son throne king carol removed marie political scene crush popularity result marie moved away spent rest life countryside home black_sea ill died following year following romania transition socialist republic monarchy communist officials biographies royal family described marie woman referring alleged affairs supposedly organised war years preceding romanian revolution marie popularity recovered offered model patriotism population marie primarily remembered work nurse known extensive writing including critically acclaimed autobiography early life birth marie eldest daughter second child prince alfred duke edinburgh grand maria russia respectively son queen_victoria daughter emperor alexander born parents residence manor kent october presence father birth celebrated firing park tower guns named marie victoria mother informally known duke edinburgh wrote daughter promises fine child brother gives evidence finely developed lungs fairly world reigning british monarch male line marie formally styled royal princess marie edinburgh birth marie took place private chapel windsor castle december arthur stanley dean windsor baptism strictly private nature took place day ceremony marking anniversary death paternal grandfather prince albert marie empress maria maternal grandmother queen_victoria stood princess wales paternal aunt great aunt princess stood russia maternal uncle count stood duke paternal uncle duke albany stood upbringing marie siblings prince alfred victoria known known known baby bee spent early life park mother preferred instead house official residence memoirs marie remember duke edinburgh largely absent children lives position british_royal_navy life governed mother marie later state know colour father hair looked later portraits believing darker actually home duke play children games siblings marie closest sister victoria year younger believed older girl stature dismay edinburgh children baptised raised anglican faith upset russian orthodox mother edinburgh supporter idea separating generations marie deeply regretted fact mother allowed equals nonetheless independent minded important person children lives behest mother marie sisters taught french rarely spoke overall neglected daughters education considering bright gifted permitted read aloud fields painting drawing areas inherited queen_victoria talent girls received pedestrian instruction duke edinburgh frequently received members royal family park inviting breakfast nearly daily marie victoria served wedding aunt prince henry marie maternal cousins grand nicholas called george called grand russia russian cousins grand duke michael called grand young edinburgh girls included children maternal uncle grand duke russia marie years old duke edinburgh named commander chief mediterranean_fleet family took residence san_antonio palace malta marie remember time malta memory existence malta marie found love captain duke ship marie called captain dear marie prone fits jealousy pay attention sisters duke edinburgh greatly loved malta san_antonio palace frequently guests marie victoria received white horses mother went local nearly daily apart saturday year malta french oversaw education failing health replaced following year younger german woman san_antonio duke edinburgh maintained room ready prince george wales second son prince wales later king edward vii royal_navy george called elder edinburgh girls favoured marie duke edinburgh heir childless paternal uncle duke prince wales rights consequently family relocated marie later came view moment truly end life absolute happiness joy clouds life note pro german hired german daughters bought plain clothing confirmed lutheran faith family spent summers castle duke described marie having court strict german courts time education emphasis placed painting music taught anna respectively sundays marie sisters went theatre experience enjoyed greatly marie victoria observed brother friends comments liked better aspect marie believed inevitable lives girls brothers activity girls enjoyed attending winter parties organised mother ice play different games ice hockey marriage marie grew lovely young woman sparkling blue eyes silky fair hair courted royal including prince george wales second line inherit throne queen_victoria prince wales duke edinburgh approved princess wales edinburgh princess wales disliked family pro german sentiment edinburgh wish daughter remain england resented disliked fact princess wales father minor german prince called danish throne higher order precedence edinburgh idea marriage cousins allowed native russian orthodox church george proposed marie informed marriage impossible remain beloved queen_victoria later comment lost waiting waiting time king carol romania looking suitable bride crown prince ferdinand order secure succession assure continuation house possibly motivated prospect removing tensions russia romania subject control edinburgh suggested marie meet ferdinand marie ferdinand acquainted gala dinner pair german found shy second meeting went pair formally engaged queen_victoria wrote granddaughter princess victoria rhine ferdinand nice parents charming country insecure society awful course marriage delayed time won till end october german empress victoria marie aunt wrote daughter crown princess greece till delighted poor child young guess late king carol visited london order meet duke edinburgh queen_victoria eventually agreed marriage appointed knight january marie ferdinand married castle ceremonies civil catholic ferdinand religion anglican civil ceremony performed red hall castle von german emperor witnesses present sign marriage act clock catholic ceremony took place town church marie led altar father anglican ceremony modest conducted chambers castle king carol granted couple day honeymoon marie ferdinand spent days castle bavaria left countryside journey interrupted briefly stop vienna visited emperor joseph growing tensions austria romania visit took place ongoing movement memorandum couple visit brief arrived border town following nighttime crossing train marie warmly welcomed romanian people longing personal monarchy crown princess domestic life years marie ferdinand marriage particularly easy marie later tell husband shame waste years youth learn live gradually couple relationship based friendship marie accorded ferdinand respect believed man later king respected realised better understanding world eventually marie came believe ferdinand best associates loyal companions lives certain matters ferdinand enjoyed marie presence military marches consequently frequently invited sort event marie gave birth child prince carol months marriage october marie requested use order ease pains labour doctors reluctant believing women pay sins eve marie mother queen_victoria insisted king carol eventually allowed use drug niece law marie derive joy arrival later writing felt like turning head wall similarly marie constantly reminded carol wife glorious moment marie life feel longing mother birth second child princess accustomed life romania marie began children princess maria nicknamed family prince nicholas nicknamed princess prince king carol queen promptly removed prince carol princess marie care considering inappropriate raised young parents marie loved children found difficult times failing properly supervise consequently royal children given somewhat education sent school royal household provide classroom education children personalities severely flawed grew older prime minister later write like king carol wished leave romania heirs completely unprepared succeeding life court start marie trouble adjusting life romania personality high spirits frequently created controversies romanian court disliked atmosphere household wrote brought romania come machinery king carol wound imported trimmed educated cut trained according great man conception things describing early days romania marie wrote long hours whilst young husband military service rooms hated heavy german rooms marie paternal aunt german empress wrote daughter crown princess greece king great family crushed independence ferdinand cares beautiful gifted little wife fear gets like butterfly instead flowers burns pretty wings going near fire easily learning speak romanian language followed mother advice dress carefully respect orthodox rituals marie ferdinand advised king carol maintain restricted group friends marie lament circle king ferdinand stood mighty awe iron old man forever action duty bound head family times literary supplement wrote marie found hour arrival stern king carol ferdinand marie moved palace extended romanian architect marie added designs following year ferdinand struck fever days despite doctor best efforts came close dying time marie exchanged numerous letters family britain terrified prospect losing husband king carol heir prince carol young age presented issues family desperately wished ferdinand pull eventually marie went site castle period recovery nonetheless couple able attend celebrations queen_victoria diamond jubilee summer ferdinand marie spent time children taking long walks picking flowers winter spent russian imperial family french marie rode horses spite low temperatures time marie met lieutenant member albeit illegitimate branch ancient romanian family descendant prince good looking stood sense humour fashion talent horse riding soon romantically involved affair terminated known public condemned marie behaviour mother allowed come apparently pregnant historian julia believes marie gave birth child child sent immediately following birth speculation marie second daughter daughter ferdinand following years marie rumoured romantically linked grand duke russia prince joe ferdinand marie inaugurated art castle king carol commissioned royal couple marie learned extent repression quell romanian peasants revolt late took dressing folk costume home public initiating fashion trend young upper class women june bulgaria declared war greece starting second balkan war july romania entered war greece war lasted little month worsened cholera epidemic marie look encounter epidemic turning point life help sister red_cross nurse marie travelled romania bulgaria lending helping hand hospitals events prepare experiences great war result war romania gained possession southern including coastal town marie come use host residence soon war ended carol ill june ferdinand heir austro hungarian empire assassinated came shock marie family news reached july austria-hungary declared war serbia marie saw world peace torn august king carol held crown council order decide romania enter war carol favour country supporting germany central powers council decided long council carol illness worsened bed ridden possibility discussed eventually died october ferdinand automatically succeeded king queen romania world war october marie ferdinand acclaimed king queen chamber deputies princess anne marie close friend marie wrote crown princess marie popular queen loved marie maintained certain influence husband entire court leading historian write ferdinand marie ruled romania time ferdinand ascension government led liberal prime minister ferdinand marie jointly decided changes court let people accept transition regime force carol servants kept place ones particularly liked help marie began ferdinand entering war concurrently contacted reigning relatives europe best terms romania case country enter war marie favoured alliance triple russia france britain partly british ancestry neutrality entering war meant romania act russia possible attacks eventually marie demanded ferdinand uncertain terms enter war leading french minister romania count saint remark marie twice ally french birth heart ferdinand gave marie pleas signed treaty august august romania formally declared war austria-hungary saint wrote marie embraced war embrace religion informing children country entered war ferdinand marie dismissed german servants remain service war prisoners sorts early war marie involved aiding romanian red_cross visited hospitals daily month war romania fought battles romanian soil battle november marie youngest son prince sick fever died marie distraught wrote journal fell austrian troops royal court transferred capital region december continued act nurse military hospitals daily marie dress nurse train station receive injured soldiers transport hospital conclusion russian revolution early november victory romania words diplomat frank island surrounded sides enemy hope assistance allies soon ferdinand signed treaty december marie considered treaty believed necessary measure obtaining time later turns events prove marie assumed correctly marie opposed signing treaty giving rise description truly man romania armistice germany november end fighting europe war tenth century hungary begun conquering hungarians fully occupied idea greater romania existed minds time actively supported concept war voted union romania assembly took place ancient city december read resolution union old kingdom document supported romanian saxon deputies established high national romanian council romanian province temporary administration marie wrote dream mare reality incredible hardly dare believe assembly ferdinand marie returned met general day wild enthusiasm bands crashing troops marching people cheering allied troops took celebration marie romanian soil time paris peace conference ferdinand refused sign treaty romania hostile central powers end war place winning countries paris peace conference guaranteed official delegation led begun term prime minister combined french prime minister reluctance ferdinand acceptance treaty led open conflict romanian delegation left paris dismay big hoping resolve situation saint suggested marie sent conference instead queen delighted prospect marie arrived paris march immediately popular french people war meeting marie abruptly told don like prime minister replied find president noticed change attitude romania marie arrival staying paris week marie accepted king george queen mary invitation crossed english channel lodging buckingham palace hoping acquire goodwill romania possible marie acquainted important political figures time including lord winston_churchill nancy frequently visited son school college marie returned england time writing tremendous emotion arrive london greeted station george end visit england marie returned paris people excited arrival weeks crowds gathered frequently waiting exotic queen romania american president wilson remained unimpressed marie comments russian laws dealing sexual relations considered inappropriate help marie shocked officials waving ministers aside leading negotiations later comment mind accepting faults virtues marie left paris numerous supplies romania relief later year conference resulted international recognition greater romania doubling ferdinand marie kingdom square kilometres increasing population million led grand maria russia briefly lived conclude charm beauty ready wit marie obtain desired efforts marie eldest daughter princess engaged prince george greece eldest son deposed king constantine greece marie cousin inviting george sisters helen lodge marie organised numerous activities young couple delighted prospect marrying daughter character severely flawed october reports king alexander death came greece greek needed returned parents soon possible following day news arrived marie mother died sleep marie arrangements departure switzerland helen parents arrange mother funeral george remain soon crown prince carol proposed princess helen married following year marie delighted carol relationship worried birth illegitimate son carol great relief given mother surname marie married second daughter alexander serbia later yugoslavia delighted royal prince michael romania prince peter yugoslavia grandchildren destined sit europe cement ambitions marie efforts viewed critics manipulative mother sacrifice children happiness order ambitions reality marie forced children marry ferdinand marie undertook diplomatic tour france switzerland belgium united_kingdom england warmly welcomed george declared apart common aims pursue dear ties majesty queen dear cousin british born similarly marie wrote day arrival england great day emotions sweet happy time glorious emotions come queen country received officially honour enthusiastically bargain feel heart swell pride satisfaction feel heart beat tears start eyes gave throat state visits symbolic recognition prestige romania gained world war whilst visiting geneva marie ferdinand enter newly established headquarters league nations coronation location marie ferdinand coronation important fortress middle ages michael brave declared uniting time orthodox cathedral built coronation cathedral elaborate set jewellery clothing especially coronation marie crown designed painter art style jewelry house crown inspired wife 16th century ruler entirely gold crown sides contained image royal arms romania arms duke edinburgh marie arms prior marriage crown cost paid state special law guests royal couple coronation marie sister baby bee duke york french generals ceremony conducted metropolitan romania performed inside cathedral ferdinand roman catholic refused crowned member eastern orthodox church placing crown head ferdinand crowned marie immediately cannons fired sign king queen greater romania feast given room union proclaimed peasants offered following day ferdinand marie entered coronation subsequently cited evidence marie marie received romanian orthodox church mentioning desire closer people visit america museum art washington initially designed mansion wealthy businessman samuel hill fuller behest building turned museum instead hill wished dedicated conceived monument peace wife mary queen marie marie agreed come america witness dedication especially fuller old friend fuller quickly committee supported marie tour america arrangements departure marie viewed tour opportunity country meet people romania map travelled ship atlantic_ocean disembarked new_york october accompanied prince nicholas princess arrival marie welcomed enthusiastically american people whistle guns white smoke gray fog voices cheering rain formally greeted jimmy walker serving mayor new_york_city lily morris author tour queen marie wrote people excited marie arrival mainly mythical created papers life observed modest queen come king brief visit years ago hawaiian ruler honored time better set marie fairly popular circles viewed woman devised coup état brains thought difficult problem people gifts given good purpose time america marie nicholas undertook tours cities including philadelphia popular greeted equal enthusiasm city visited nicholas fairly tremendous ovation leaving united_states marie presented bullet proof armored town car knight accepted november marie children seen delegation washington prepared leave ship new_york harbour morris wrote view majesty children waving tear smile pass happy scenes morris accompanied queen journey offered detailed account marie time america book published marie delighted visit wished return america soon possible wrote diaries children dream return return new world makes sic sic noise fearful sic bigger quicker restless great world think realised know long live breathe think love america life thoughts fate allow day america prince carol sparked crisis officially renounced rights succeed ferdinand january simultaneously parental rights prince michael proclaimed heir provisional regency bill passed creating regency council composed prince nicholas orthodox patriarch president court marie ferdinand reluctant leave country hands year old boy overseen regency fear lands gained world war reclaimed neighbouring countries political disturbances lead civil unrest marie returned america ferdinand death imminent suffering cancer april come close death given rites catholic_church died july marie arms later wrote tired words lay quiet arms hour later knew thank god rest michael automatically succeeded king ferdinand death regency council took charge role monarch carol found life abroad unsatisfactory attempted return romania help 1st prevented english authorities proceeded expel england infuriated marie sent official apology george behalf son begun plotting coup état carol succeeded princess helen june grounds marie popularity severely affected michael reign refusing regency council accused press princess helen plotting coup time numerous rumours princess marriage talk marrying bulgaria prince eventually alexander count minor german prince early short lived marie managed conclude political marriage youngest daughter instead marrying italian born austria carol reign june carol arrived way parliament act succession duly declared carol throne son king carol hearing carol return marie abroad relieved growing anxious direction country heading viewed carol return return son soon arrived aware things carol refused accept mother advice helen sought marie counsel reign making existing breach mother son complete stripped belief marie turned religious teachings faith found vastly appealing marie member royal family later wrote teaching brings peace understanding like wide embrace gathering long searched words hope accepts great gone destroys leaves doors open continual strife believers confessions discovered teaching real spirit christ denied misunderstood unity instead strife hope instead condemnation love instead hate great men prince nicholas divorced woman marie strongly disapproved son actions felt hurt repeated attempts nicholas communicating mother blamed women sons lives came blame failing educate properly continually refused meet carol pleas years marie seldom mentioned carol mistress hated country matter time opposition king emerged opposition prominently came form iron guard group supported adolf_hitler carol turned help iron guard assassinated december death carol popularity rumours attempt life annual independence parade order avoid instead marie attend parade final public appearance parade carol set destroy mother popularity tried push country marie comply instead retreating castle located near southern given gift grateful local officials restored seven years built palace small chapel called tended garden visited children austria rarely received permission carol visit romania irritated marie greatly spent time belgrade daughter son law king alexander marie visited england meeting york later queen elizabeth enchanted illness death summer marie fell ill personal physician determined cancer official diagnosis liver marie hearing news reportedly said non alcoholic liver life alcohol prescribed diet cold foods bed rest marie weak times pick pen february sent italy hopes recover visited nicholas wife marie eventually visited princess helen seen nearly seven years marie eventually transferred dresden growing weaker weaker requested taken romania order die carol denied journey declined medical flight offered hitler instead choosing return romania train brought castle marie died july minutes coma eldest children carol accompanied prince michael deathbed days later july marie body brought lay state white drawing room palace coffin surrounded flowers glowing guarded officers fourth thousands people filed marie day lying state day palace opened factory workers marie funeral way train station passing arch triumph coffin taken monastery interred marie heart according wishes placed small golden embellished romanian provinces interred chapel southern ceded bulgaria world war heart transferred castle built chapel house heart kept boxes placed inside marble marie queen consort romania princess helen awarded title queen mother queen_victoria crowned retain position consort conclusion world war alongside queens norway spain legacy according biographers diana marie published books short stories romanian english lifetime included critically acclaimed autobiography story life published london volumes book reviewed virginia felt royal family stated suppose autumn books george sixth heights elizabeth second effect loyal subjects british_empire survive buckingham palace look solid words dangerous things let remember republic brought poem marie kept diary december shortly death volume published ascension queen marie succeeded establishing public image best looking richest europe known primarily talent horse riding writing painting dancing beauty popularity campaigns conducted central powers world war led communist officials romania transition socialist republic romania years communist rule marie alternately depicted agent english capitalism devoted patriot believed destiny romania true history monarchy author refers supposedly held marie claims fact caused heavy drinking offering examples instances drunken marie needed carried yacht fellow marie supposed affairs brought forward evidence communist values communist officials chapel marie heart opening taking boxes heart castle transferred national museum romanian history late period regime years romanian revolution marie merits came acknowledged romania marie known nickname mama mother wounded simply regina maria countries remembered soldier queen regina marie nicknamed mother law balkans children marriages ruling houses balkans time death marie children ruled balkan countries bulgaria descendants longer occupy european throne marie called greatest figures romanian history memory order cross queen marie established romania prior marie personal belongings display castle residence later years functions museum year castle legally restored princess heirs culture ministry moved collection items nearby building open visitors containing queen heart placed pedestal room died display viewed public museum art holds permanent exhibition titled marie queen romania display includes queen coronation gown copy crown furniture jewelry items issue titles styles honours arms titles styles october january royal princess marie edinburgh princess january october royal crown princess romania october july majesty queen romania july july majesty queen marie romania british arms male line british sovereign marie bore arms kingdom point label outer pair bore anchors inner roses central cross dropped royal warrant george honours marie recipient following national foreign honours grand cross order crown romania legion france france dame order crown italy dame order crown india dame royal red_cross united_kingdom dame royal order victoria albert united_kingdom dame justice order saint john jerusalem united_kingdom dame royal order queen maria spain ancestry


andrew 1st earl andrew 1st earl march alternatively important english military leader scotland reign edward coming family appointed sheriff cumberland distinguished scottish wars repulsed siege castle robert bruce shortly taken captive scots released substantial ransom paid greatest achievement came defeated rebellious baron thomas lancaster battle march created earl main military leaders border scotland frustrated edward inactivity particularly english defeat battle old october clear war won initiated negotiations scots accord january signed peace treaty robert bruce act royal amounted treason king issued arrest order earl february taken king custody royal justices march denied hearing executed day hanged drawn parts body displayed different parts country years allowed proper burial conviction treason family background early career family derives relatively little known early years andrew probably eldest son sir michael joan daughter yorkshire landowner william younger brother theologian henry chancellor university_of_oxford michael family served sheriff cumberland documented appearance andrew point assumed years old born early military career military career traced far took campaign scottish wars received royal order assist robert defence marches scotland standing local affairs advanced appointed sheriff cumberland like father followed election knight december distinguished leader defence scottish invasion received acclaim summer successfully defended castle siege robert bruce awarded gift marks king late taken captive scots demanded marks ransom rise previous years enemies local society took opportunity spread rumours court king helped raise necessary money secure freedom years royal favour appointed sheriff time keeper castles warden west marches received personal summons parliament prominent achievement came battle battle culmination ongoing struggle king edward powerful earl thomas lancaster conflict stemmed disagreement handling war scotland lancaster found king war effort lacking failing insurrection king lancaster march fleeing northwards royal army sheriff cumberland ordered king levy forces northern counties cumberland south orders meet royal army stopping town yorkshire received intelligence lancaster arrive nearby day decided initiative occupy bridge prevent lancaster passage river lancaster army arrived march rebels greatly outnumbered commanded men lancaster knights men arms followers service addition loyalist forces highly trained experienced scottish wars tactics english learned scots wars chronicle describes employed scottish compact formation spears highly effective lancaster cavalry heavy forces according lancaster tried persuade join return great rewards land previously supporter lancaster possibly earl general royal pardon lancaster adherents contained occasion decided remain loyal king turned earl offer engagement short sided lancaster plan charge ford river earl remained loyal lancaster crossed bridge killed bridge companion roger 2nd baron badly wounded advance failed lancaster came heavy fire attack night combined royal reinforcements forced surrender day march executed king greatly pleased effort rewarded march created earl given land worth marks year september chief warden marches treason october english army routed scots command robert bruce battle old yorkshire english commander john brittany earl richmond taken prisoner king barely escaped capture worst defeat english suffered wars battle received summons join royal army able bring troops south time come king rescue event convinced war scotland won leadership present king instead entered direct negotiations scots king january signed peace treaty robert bruce treaty recognised scotland independent kingdom stipulated robert pay marks english edward allowed choose wife family robert heir implied text alliance robert use force edward necessary implement terms treaty unlikely expected royal actions likely contemplated robert bruce planned marrying bruce daughters likely action grew genuine concern northern situation desperate attempt best difficult situation historians generally shown understanding actions common refer event treason words keen truce safe conducts agreement king enemies proper grant powers constituted found defined military cases received powers february considered treaty possible edward held failure come rescue king later severe reaction evidence received royal letter time arrive battlefield earlier death aftermath edward found treason issued order earl arrest attempted garner support cause king began northern castles stalemate lasted february sir anthony arrested earl castle acted small force clearly trusted arrest conducted surprise manoeuvre stem dispute honour briefly lands rebellion taken event march royal justice denied proper hearing brought forward robes estate knight earl spurs sword broken head stripped robes proclaimed knight convicted traitor condemned hanged drawn behaved dignity execution maintained acted concern best interest country death head taken king yorkshire hung london bridge parts body dispersed country displayed newcastle bristol dover head display london years taken sister petitioned king return parts body christian burial request granted awarded reign edward iii nephew henry petitioned charge treason petition ignored peace treaty wisdom policy death edward inability win war scots combined refusal claim scottish crown proved end furthermore military skills organised forces gave little protection northern borders previous years months execution edward agreed thirteen year truce scotland fiction negotiations robert bruce dealt significant detail price king peace volume bruce trilogy called andrew external sources battle trust