born british muslim social political activist previously solicitor served chairman society muslim lawyers spokesman muhammad helped form organisation group organised anti western demonstrations including banned protest march london appear court government banned present launch intended successor later helped form banned spokesman receives little support mainstream muslims largely criticised country media critic involvement wars iraq afghanistan praised responsible september july attacks supports implementation law marched protest cartoons controversy following prosecuted organising unlawful demonstration investigated charged comments pope currently trial allegedly inviting support organisation islamic state iraq levant early life born january son market trader pakistani descent attended primary school enrolled medical student university southampton known andy failed year exams responding claims party animal joined friends getting commented admit wasn practising committed mistakes life switched law spent final year legal student moving london teach english second language found work legal firm completed legal qualifications lawyer chairman society muslim lawyers removed roll official register legal practitioners came public attention sunday telegraph identified having involved recruitment muslim leaving britain fight abroad told newspaper abroad fight organisations like volunteers trained britain training involve guns live ammunition organisations embraced militant leader founded organization men met local mosque giving interpretation following organised advertised word mouth gave talk education lecture outlined ideas parallel system islamic education included elements group ideology year refused permit mayor london august group held rally london bow street court january charges included exhibiting notice advertisement written matter apparatus sound making public speech address organising assembly organised islamic themed camping trip acre grounds school east sussex advertised word mouth trip attended muslim men members later claimed camp activities included lectures islam football september following allegations training recruitment terrorists police searched school according testimony suspects held bay camp groups followers held training camps school included training rifles mock rocket arrests students faculty allowed return september day government investigated terrorist attacks september july headquarters homes raided police following year new anti terrorist legislation government announced wanted ban learned risk prosecution support july london bombers august left lebanon claimed holiday leaving television station said return britain want visitor tourist detained lebanon general security department held prison days later excluded returning britain home secretary charles clarke grounds presence britain public good condemned decision demanded know justify ban claimed ministers rules ensure return november followers deported lebanon returned blamed foreign commonwealth office claiming help set following attended launch london intended successor organisation said committee new group love role organisation operates mainly invitation internet forum contributes screen reporter visiting site found calls holy war recordings laden attempted june conway hall speakers invited share platform later claimed invited false group refused allow women meeting chairman society runs hall cancelled event audience took microphone chairman led chants saying reference exclusion women jews christians peace like adopt ways outside hall criticised british society predicted muslims majority decades asked society bad lived replied come people come darkness injustice beauty islam spokesman believed home secretary john outraged easy option losing argument ban opposition voice military organisation views views concerning government foreign policy iraq afghanistan host laws introduced country november organised meeting recently formed according website established sincere muslims platform supreme islamic ideology united_kingdom divine alternative man law convince british public superiority islam changing public opinion favour islam order transfer authority power muslims order implement britain according founder counter terrorism think tank foundation splinter group britain meeting advertised conference rise defend honour muslims held arts community centre tower announced speaking video conference link technical problems meant address instead given telephone line asked muslim woman comments event speakers justified regards islam religion peace stated islam religion peace religion submission need submit announcement planned hold protest march known military funeral dead british soldiers returning war afghanistan said returned day think people afghanistan huge number killed comparison intend write letter parents british soldiers telling reality died open letter published january explained reasons proposing march endorsed religious beliefs claimed politicians lying war wrote proposed march engage british public minds real reasons soldiers returning home body bags real cost war interview sky news stated location chosen effect level media attention gained proposal condemned british prime minister gordon brown said families dead wounded troops completely inappropriate international centre forest gate condemned proposal muslim council britain stated fringe group proposed march planned march cancelled group january january terrorism act making membership illegal imprisonment condemned order interview bbc radio said targeted terrorist organisation banned merely expressing feel failure concept democracy freedom following arrest subsequent release september suspicion encouraging terrorism claimed questioned membership support groups including government believes successors views referred september terrorists magnificent said encourage people islamic duties responsibilities said group political movement responsible individual actions said terror attack british soil matter time refused condemn july london bombings accused muslim council britain selling souls devil blamed murder lee duty british soldier british foreign policy voiced support muslim community claims violated christian backed called members fight wall_street_journal describes supporter strain islamic teaching known believes islam implementation law entirety stated allegiance islam country believes true muslim british passport travel document october addressed audience trinity college dublin oppose motion house believes violence justified february archbishop_of_canterbury williams commented matter fact certain provisions recognised society law responded saying adopted wholesale come embracing islam fastest growing religion country islamic country conquering britain elements embracing islam imposing spoke flag flying downing street claimed muslim families east london having children hundreds converting islam day spoken elements christian faith december posted sermon islamic website stated muslim responsibility protect family christmas lead protect paradise taken away protect family christmas interview iran press subsequently posted online april stated muslims reject democracy reject freedom human rights reject things ideals called republic islam talk talking talking rejecting world bank british pressure group hope hate presented report identified player international scene saying evidence directly responsible terrorist plots helped shape mindset networks linked terror groups supporters world dismissed claims true security services arrested september described leader islamic state iraq levant muslims prince believers august charged offence section terrorism act inviting support organisation islamic state june march expected trial date march given trial postponed june expected weeks activism regularly attended public marches following protest march outside danish embassy london february held response muhammad cartoons controversy member panel bbc news programme defended muslims britain saying live peace host community allowed target people claimed police inspected allowed controversial demonstration criticised fellow included ann khan muslim women group accused islam vice chair conservative party professor claimed actions designed evoke strong response media roger leader independence party march men arrested connection demonstration organised arrested airport alleged breach bail charged organising protest police appear bow street court july convicted fined court costs following day press conference centre claimed blame london bombings lay british government said prime minister tony blair blood hands urged muslims defend perceived attacks means disposal referred june forest gate raid shot shoulder encouraged muslims operate police circumstances local council leader clyde criticised comments stating sure vast majority forest residents support views days later june organised demonstration outside forest gate police station london protest arrest forest gate men men families said protest opportunity community portrayed negative light sent statement read prayers urging event men women attended demonstration september pope gave speech question christian faith university germany lecture spoke faith cited comments fourteenth century byzantine emperor pope said brought new find things evil command spread sword faith preached citation attracted severe criticism muslims world including parliament pakistan condemned pope comments sought apology following speech september led protest outside westminster cathedral told reporters insults message going subject capital punishment daily_mail reported saying peaceful demonstration people italy parts carry metropolitan police investigated comments concluded substantive offences committed demonstration shadow home secretary david davis called action taken said sends message muslim country moral courage stand attempted enter france demonstrate french government decision ban stopped port passport seized issued documents banning france indefinitely december led march brick lane organised east london based project demanding ban alcohol sold muslim establishments east london mosque official speaking patrols identified project strongly linked banned group project predicted hundreds join demonstration claiming groups muslims come far away event dozen protesters took march explained purpose posted notice shop owners saying sale alcohol prohibited drink alcohol teach living non muslims excuse law implemented britain aware today like said project group arranging rallies public reception largely criticised newspapers describe radical preacher january guardian contributor wrote islamic scholar views merit attention consideration studied leading islamic scholars islamic qualifications credentials whatsoever gives right islam british muslims judge claimed british muslim opinion british anti war opinion conservative party leader david cameron said people needs looked seriously terms legality saying think extremely close line encouraging hatred violence leader respect party said goal life provoke division engages deeply hostile coming muslims non muslims fact majority british people muslim non muslim oppose war afghanistan celebrated feared rod writing spectator said thick little possibly come britain conservatives united_states critical fox news host sean called sick miserable evil segment discussing egyptian protests received little support mainstream muslim community january writer telegraph speculated support minority muslims considered hold conservative views following year peter defending criticism british muslims treated singled exception majority decent people tabloid criticism news proposed march public generally calling hate preacher january appearing bbc daily politics asked presenter andrew opinions banning asked comment financial status claiming relevant viewers told finances personal matter don want discuss time family firmly held views time responding media criticism said believe people anti islam anti muslim personal life married years old recently joined led time later group head women couple children


center center national center children families nonprofit organization based portland oregon offers support groups services children young adults peer support program network children grief services organization kind united_states independent programs world based model staff trained organization staff center serves children adults portland metropolitan area month free charge main building located neighborhood satellite locations called center walker house center respectively organization founded tribute died brain age thirteen august wrote letter ross pioneer near death studies subject death prompted ross connect family create support groups children establishment children family members received support organization unidentified destroyed center construction new building began april interim center operated northeast portland following million construction costs current square foot facility opened february original location mission model center established portland oregon offers support groups services children described safe haven grief normal assisted support groups professional staff trained volunteer groups separated age example group children ages type death peer support model children encouraged talk play sharing experiences process peer support program network children grief services organization kind united_states independent programs world based model staff trained organization staff summer institute offers training leaders grief support programs center serves children adults month focusing efforts children teens ages young adults ages establishment children family members portland metropolitan area benefited center free charge support groups offered portland volunteer donated hours service center organization employs staff individuals supported advisory board board directors center main building contains round rooms designed creative tunnels geared specific age groups interactive features toys art room exists popular volcano room contains punching bag soft objects allowing children express feelings form comfortable organization satellite locations called center walker house center respectively location serves children teens groups center registered nonprofit organization revenue streams according partnership northwest center receives little government financial support depends donations businesses foundations individuals center received blue cross blue shield portland rose festival grand floral walk funding sources included concert headlined local singer songwriter center hosts annual reflection benefit includes silent auction dinner live auction benefit years april oregon public broadcasting sponsored benefit event oaks amusement park called monster featuring monster event raised awareness program producers street called families history founded center tribute died brain age thirteen august wrote letter psychiatrist author ross pioneer near death studies subject death prompted ross connect family create support groups children despite ross early influence organization center ross model series emotional stages experienced survivors intimate death denial anger depression acceptance expressed skepticism model june unidentified destroyed center according center suffered arson attempts previously fire burned professional building months prior followed discovery filled liquid burning center play structure building content losses estimated business financial records program materials lost fire organization spent year attempting recover fair insurance settlement building remained vacant subjected vandalism stolen copper pipes resulted flooded basement demolition building began following million settlement construction new center began april center operated northeast street near 22nd avenue northeast portland reportedly cancelled single support meeting february center hosted celebration commemorate completion grand opening new facility square foot building located original site southeast 52nd avenue portland neighborhood cost million designed scott edwards architecture built construction donations insurance settlement supplied seventy percent construction costs reception awarded clinical practice award association death education counseling oldest organizations field dying death center reconstructed building design earned scott edwards architecture award merit known building industry community spirit award gold awards recognize design excellence international projects submitted builders developers architects land planners firm received odds award design excellence awards presented oregon chapter international interior design association publications ways help child spanish isbn helping children cope death isbn spanish isbn helping student guide teachers isbn helping teens cope death isbn spanish isbn wish lonely meadow don like remembering field grass kids understanding needs funeral planning services isbn death impacts school guide administrators isbn


society human rights society human rights american lgbt rights organization established chicago society founder henry inspired create german doctor work scientific humanitarian committee recognized gay rights organization united_states having received charter state illinois produced american publication friendship freedom months chartered group ceased exist wake arrest society members despite short existence small size society recognized precursor modern gay liberation movement henry henry emigrated germany settling family chicago large german speaking population years arrival experienced discrimination based sexual orientation temporarily committed mental institution homosexual united_states entry world war enlisted united_states_army war served printer allied army occupation germany time germany learned work scientific humanitarian committee reform anti homosexual german law especially sex men traveled berlin supported thriving gay occasions magazine development gay community berlin later wrote felt injustice american society accused homosexual immoral acts thought unlike germany homosexual partially organized sex legislation uniform country united_states condition chaos misunderstanding concerning sex laws trying bring relief abused particularly impressed work group called association human rights absorbed number ideas including notion homosexual men naturally following military service returned united_states went work post office chicago founding society inspired work scientific humanitarian committee resolved found similar organization united_states called group society human rights english translation took role secretary filed application charter non profit organization state illinois december application outlined goals purposes society promote protect interests people reasons mental physical abused hindered legal pursuit happiness guaranteed declaration independence combat public factors according modern science intellectuals mature age society stands law order harmony general laws protect rights manner recommend acts violation present laws advocate manner public welfare african american clergyman named john graves signed president new organization graves listed directors state granted charter december making society oldest documented homosexual organization nation despite deliberately keeping goals society vague excluding mention homosexuality mission statement society members surprised state investigated issuing charter society newsletter friendship freedom gay interest publication united_states society members willing receive newsletter fearing postal publication act gay interest publications deemed supreme_court ruled publishing homosexual content mean content automatically issues friendship freedom written produced entirely copies newsletter known exist formulated point strategy winning referred homosexual emancipation engage series lectures pointing attitude society relation behavior especially urging publication world touch progress efforts self discipline win confidence assistance legal authorities legislators understanding problem authorities educated long prison terms committing homosexual acts set expand society membership original seven difficulty interesting poorer joining unable gain financial support affluent members chicago gay community sought support people medical sex education advocates frustrated unable secure fear association homosexuality contemplating failure stated difficulty rounding members contributors work forward average homosexual found ignorant concerning fearful frantic told search forbidden fruit real life argument rejected aims wondered accomplish resistance people labor financial obligations society production friendship freedom willing service cause believing possible remembered gay abraham_lincoln effort society sought affiliation british society study sex psychology british society declined afraid linked organization specifically demise graves decided limit society membership gay men exclude unknown society vice president man described laundry queen married children wife reported society social worker summer calling making claims strange children police broke middle night reporter chicago tow interrogated seized personal papers arrested morning arrived court learn graves male companion arrested reported story headline strange sex cult exposed paper erroneously reported members society performed sex acts children society literature encouraged men abandon wives children statement direct contradiction society policy admitting men exclusively homosexual separate trials charges finally dismissed arrested warrant defense cost life savings form bribes paid lawyer police returned personal papers remaining copies friendship freedom despite court order compelling return concrete record newsletter existence photograph issue german magazine review issue french publication avoided prosecution act lost post office job conduct postal worker paid fine dollars conduct feeling hit solid wall ignorance corruption unable continue financial support society dismantled left chicago come aid cause believed designed advance common good left chicago new_york_city enlisted army serving years discharged legacy henry society human rights serve direct links lgbt related activism republic american movement 1950s young man named harry hay living los_angeles soon discovered cruising scene square met man lover society man told hay society brief history warning hay trying organize gay men hay later deny knowledge previous lgbt activism inspired knowledge conceive proposal gay men political social group hay idea reached fruition men founded society enduring lgbt rights organization united_states posthumously inducted chicago gay lesbian hall_of_fame henry house located court chicago contains apartment lived founded society designated chicago landmark june june named national historic landmark hart library clark chicago named honor early civil rights defender pearl hart


century exposition century exposition known seattle world fair world fair held april october seattle washington nearly million people attended fair unlike world era century profit planned exposition left numerous public buildings public works credit seattle economic cultural life history seattle fair saw construction space needle sports venues washington state performing arts buildings replaced heavily site slightly expanded fair called seattle center united_states science pavilion pacific science center notable seattle center building experience music project built nearly years later designed fit atmosphere cold war space race context fair originally conceived mark 50th anniversary alaska pacific exposition soon clear date ambitious space race underway boeing having seattle map city major theme fair united_states soviet_union realms science space result themes space science future completely earlier conception festival american west june international bureau certified century world fair project manager went moscow request soviet participation turned baltic states occupied soviet_union invited mainland people republic china vietnam north_korea happened cold war additional effect fair president john kennedy supposed attend closing ceremony fair october pleading heavy cold later public dealing cuban missile crisis fair vision future displayed based optimism dramatic social change rooted 1950s cultural tides emerge 1960s american power grow social equity simply care rising tide abundance human race master nature technology view terms ecology contrast years later far conservative washington expo took central theme buildings grounds fair idea conceived sites considered sites considered seattle head west seattle fort discovery park neighborhood hill closer downtown site finally selected far densely developed sites south city proper considered midway near des army depot auburn site east city south shore lake site finally selected century exposition originally contemplated civic center idea world fair came later brought federal money united_states science pavilion pacific science center state money washington state later seattle center rebuilt land donated city james david lots avenue john street purchased greek orthodox church planning build new church building church proceeds purchase land neighborhood warren avenue school public elementary school programs physically handicapped students torn programs dispersed provided site near school city oldest houses apartments commercial buildings torn run point known warren avenue old fire station sacrificed early plan lower queen anne considered civic center civic auditorium later opera house hall ice arena later arena civic field rebuilt high school memorial stadium built placed based plan food circus fair later center house fair planners sought properties near southwest corner grounds failed completely seattle roman_catholic_church recently built sacred heart church bit better temple able use duration fair returned previous use served site century club membership organization formed especially fair charged membership offered lounge dining room club facilities gate pass duration fair city ended property fair bought building eventually incorporated theater complex including seattle children theatre paul fair chief architect designed building architects fair seattle born received major commissions build united_states science pavilion later design new_york world trade center victor john graham designed space needle designed original international fountain despite plan build permanent civic center half structures built fair torn immediately ended grounds fair divided world science world century known world tomorrow world commerce industry world art world entertainment street world exhibit fair food favors food circus source survives fair featured ran feet grounds international mall bucket like person cars suspended cables rose high feet ground moved world science world science centered united_states science exhibit included nasa exhibit included models satellites project mercury capsule carried space exhibits federal government major contribution fair united_states science exhibit began charles minute short film house science followed exhibit development science ranging mathematics astronomy atomic science held people time simulated voyage solar system way galaxy exhibits presented scientific method science looked science individual control man physical surroundings science problem world population man concept place increasingly technological world world century washington state financed state washington architectural contributions original conception staging entire fair single giant air tent like structure city budgets tight agreements concept realize vision end got exactly budget design build building suitable hold variety exhibition spaces equally suitable later conversion sports arena convention facility festival building hosted exhibits nearly half surface area occupied state circular exhibit century threshold threat known world tomorrow exhibit billed minute tour future building housed exhibits france pan american world pan general motors american library association washington state tourist center threshold threat visitors rode world tomorrow music world shifting pattern lights accompanied second upward journey space golden light faced briefly image desperate family fallout shelter vanished replaced series images reflecting sweep history starting ending image monroe visitors cluster containing model city future landmarks clearly indicated seattle suburban rural surroundings seen day later night cluster vision high tech future home setting commuter series projections contrasted best future worst present uniform suburbs urban housing project exhibit continued vision future transportation centered high speed air cars electrically controlled highway office future climate controlled farm factory automated offshore harvesting farm vision schools future electronic knowledge vision technology free humans pursue finally tour ended symbolic tree family fallout shelter sound clock brief silence extract president kennedy inaugural address followed symphony music color roof exhibited library future centered computer exhibited vision highways vehicles future including iii pan exhibited giant globe emphasized notion come able think distances major world cities hours minutes terms great distances produced threshold threat exhibited television radio stereo technology involvement space french government exhibit technological progress finally washington state tourist center provided information fair wishing tour state world commerce industry world commerce industry divided domestic foreign areas sited mainly south american way continuation thomas street grounds area shared world science included space needle broad street green mural hall industry smaller buildings immediately north american way included governmental surrounded world tomorrow extended north edge fair features domestic commerce industry massive interiors fashion commerce building spread feet nearly entire broad street grounds exhibits ranging separate furniture companies vogue produced fashion shows daily alongside pool ford motor company pavilion presented simulated space flight vision car future ford seattle electric power pavilion included feet fountain look like hydroelectric dam entrance pavilion tunnel said dam forest products pavilion surrounded grove trees species included wood theater standard oil california celebrated things fact world service station opened seattle fair bell telephone inc exhibit featured short film called century calling later shown mystery science theater religious near center seattle artist paul massive mosaic mural region largest work art time forms backdrop seattle center mural foreign exhibits included science technology exhibit great_britain mexico peru focused japan india attempted sides national cultures taiwan south_korea showed rapid world benefits capitalism communism time cold war era included featuring brazilian tea coffee european communities pavilion countries european economic community joint pavilion countries africa achieved independence sweden exhibit included story 17th century man war stockholm harbor san exhibit featured postage stamps pottery near center fountain featuring sculptures seattle artist world art fine arts pavilion later exhibition hall brought art exhibition unprecedented west_coast united_states contemporary american painters works shown helen philip joan mitchell robert georgia jackson robert ben frank northwest painters kenneth morris graves paul mark american included alexander joseph international contemporary artists represented included likes painters joan francis bacon henry moore jean addition exhibitions mark paintings asian art drawn collections seattle art museum additional exhibition ranging turner shortage famous artists represented separate gallery presented northwest coast indian art featured series large paintings bill introducing northwest native motifs world entertainment million performing arts program fair ranged boxing championship international competition shortage nationally internationally famous performers especially new opera house fair seattle theatre mid-1980s theatre closed college arts took lease city seattle operates seattle center opera house performances scheduled groups performing opera house included source performances events performances included sweden royal dramatic theatre chamber music performance stern rose eugene string quartet appearances edward theater richard solo mark count jazz lawrence king cole fair memorial stadium hosted brothers circus tommy water ski sky stage roy rogers evans western appearance billy graham fair city setting elvis_presley movie happened world fair young kurt russell making screen appearance location shooting began september concluded nearly weeks later film released following spring long fair ended street northeast corner grounds studios street adult entertainment portion fair attractions included paradise international style floor door backstage usa adults puppet les paris briefly shut featuring naked girls galaxy entertainment came forms paris spectacular wax museum elaborate japanese village hawaiian pavilion sections fair small amusement park fair fun forest fun forest shut garden glass opened place world world shopping center fair included plaza states original version international fountain exhibit fair exhibit fair provided shopping district north stands memorial stadium food favors food favors officially areas fair simply encompassed restaurants food stands etc scattered grounds ranged machines food stands eye needle atop space needle private century club food circus food circus food court later named center house recently renamed building continues unlike current arrangement stage large open space dancing events temporary food middle room edges exhibits addition food sale beginning food circus housed variety museums including jones fantastic world museum promotional video


birthday party birthday party day long festival taking place annually austin texas typically occurs saturday april austin district park includes live music food drink benefit local non profit organizations attendees colorful costumes large drum circles event frequented children families specific events presented event organizers festival named honor character stories history birthday party began spring party picnic department english students university texas austin lloyd students named depressed stories story believes friends forgotten birthday discover planned surprise party despite event fall official birthday fictional character original event featured beer honey live flower pole keeping event proximity day years party tradition subsequently annual birthday party tradition austin festival moved park district park austin area non profit friends forest foundation organization funds area charities began arranging food drink vendors festival continue task today arranging public services toilets buses security scheduling live music family oriented games contests event known festival oriented modern boasts annual attendance thousands time festival original founders sponsored friends forest foundation contemporary bring wide variety instruments hand drums started small picnic university texas austin students today major annual festival live bands non profit vendors food drink local children area complete arts crafts carnival games family oriented games contests costume contests egg toss attendance birthday party free weather permitting occurs saturday april district park rain date scheduled following weekend bright diverse costumes common keeping original traditions event live pole present event begins late morning continues dusk food drinks sold local austin non profit groups water available participants fill containers lack parking area high attendance friends forest foundation provides shuttle buses state parking lots north capitol building park singing folk road trip songs encouraged short bus ride birthday party attended people wide variety backgrounds ages attending decades austin community puts major appearance event celebrate forming large drum circles contain hundreds dancers large areas park occupied events members deaf community like drum circles feel vibrations event spread seattle anderson park annual celebration


second highest civilian award republic india preceded followed instituted january award given exceptional distinguished service distinction race occupation position sex award criteria include service field including service rendered government servants including doctors scientists working public sector award bestowed individuals including posthumous non citizen recipients september year recommendations award submitted awards committee constituted prime minister india recommendations received state union territory governments government india previous award recipients excellence ministers chief ministers governors state members parliament including private individuals committee later recommendations prime minister president india approval award recipients announced republic day recipients award krishna honoured statutes allow posthumous awards subsequently modified january statute personal civil honours briefly suspended twice july january august december recipients refused returned khan refused award family declined posthumous returned january award conferred recipients including non citizen recipient posthumously history january press release published office secretary president india announcing creation civilian awards highest civilian award tier classified class class class iii rank january reclassified different awards highest followed award personal civilian honours briefly suspended twice history time july sworn fourth prime minister india worthless suspension rescinded january prime minister civilian awards suspended public interest filed high courts india high_court february high_court bench august pal questioned civilian awards titles interpretation article constitution india august high_court issued notice temporarily civilian awards special division bench supreme_court india formed comprising judges december special division bench restored awards delivered judgment awards titles article constitution india regulations award conferred exceptional distinguished service distinction race occupation position sex criteria include service field including service rendered government servants working public sector exception doctors scientists statutes allow posthumous awards subsequently modified january statute recipient honoured posthumously recommendations received state union territory governments government india previous award recipients excellence ministers chief ministers governors state members parliament including private individuals recommendations received september year submitted awards committee convened prime minister india awards committee later recommendations prime minister president india approval award recipients announced year republic day india registered gazette india publication released weekly department publication ministry urban development official government notices award considered official publication gazette recipients awards revoked restored actions require authority president registered gazette required surrender medals names struck register specifications original specifications award called circle gold inches diameter sides centrally located lotus flower medal text written script inscribed lotus upper edge medal floral lower edge lotus upper edge emblem india placed centre reverse text script lower edge medal suspended pink inches width divided equal segments white vertical line year later design modified current decoration circular shaped bronze toned inches diameter inch thick centrally placed pattern outer lines square inches carved outer angles pattern raised circular space inches diameter placed centre decoration centrally located lotus flower medal text written script placed text placed lotus emblem india placed centre reverse national motto india truth script inscribed lower edge rim edges white gold text silver medal suspended pink inches width medal ranked fourth order precedence wearing medals decorations medals produced mint civilian military awards like recipients recipients krishna honoured award bestowed individuals including posthumous non citizen recipients refused returned recipients khan refused award family declined posthumous returned january award conferred recipients including non citizen recipient posthumously explanatory notes


rainbow push rainbow push non profit organization formed merger non profit organizations founded jackson operation push people united save humanity national rainbow coalition organizations pursue social justice civil rights political activism december jackson resigned operation founded operation push jackson founded national rainbow coalition merged push combined organization keeps national headquarters south chicago branches washington new_york_city los_angeles detroit houston atlanta valley new_orleans boston operation push successful raising public awareness initiate corporate action government sponsorship national rainbow coalition prominent political organization raised public awareness numerous political issues consolidated large voting block merged entity undertaken numerous social initiatives push operation push acronym people united save later serve humanity organization advocated black self help achieved broad audience liberal issues social justice civil rights origins operation push traced split operation affiliate southern christian leadership conference martin king head appointed jackson head chicago chapter operation coalition black ministers jackson increasingly clashed king successor break complete december suspended jackson administrative repeated acts violation organizational policy jackson resigned operation called allies operation push born inception jackson referred membership rainbow coalition rainbow coalition originated chicago black leader fred describe multi ethnic revolutionary federation founded jackson rainbow coalition difficult relationship members coalition jackson partly jackson politics partly jackson preventing money problem initial backing came manhattan borough president indiana mayor richard franklin jim brown davis organizational meeting push chicago home howard prominent black doctor community leader south moved chicago howard developed national reputation mississippi civil rights leader surgeon entrepreneur howard served push board directors chaired finance committee push jackson able continue pursuit economic objectives operation pursued addition new organization able expand areas social political development blacks chicago nation 1970s saw tactics pursue organization objectives including direct action campaigns weekly radio broadcasts awards jackson protected black workers businesses honored prominent blacks abroad started push campaign abortion wade decision organization concerned minority youth reading championed education push spin program emphasized keeping inner city youths school assisting job placement program persuaded inner city youth pledge writing study hours night involves parental monitoring impressed jimmy carter administration large sponsor secretary health education welfare joseph secretary labor ray marshall courted jackson organization successful committing major corporations large black community adopt action programs hired black executives buy black suppliers distributors organization employed prayer technique attention issues organization opposed ronald_reagan initiative welfare recipients work benefits organization staged including early 1980s boycott cbs television known point david duke supporters referred boycott whites oppressed blacks spokesperson michael jordan boycott kentucky fried chicken touted having won minority job concessions white businesses national rainbow coalition national rainbow coalition rainbow coalition short political organization grew jackson presidential campaign campaign jackson began speaking rainbow coalition idea created fred welcomed voters broad spectrum races goals campaign demand social programs voting rights action groups neglected jackson campaign blamed president ronald_reagan policies reduction government domestic spending causing new unemployment encouraging economic investment outside inner cities discouraged rebuilding urban industry industrial caused policies hit black minority populations particularly hard democratic national convention july san_francisco california jackson delivered address entitled rainbow coalition speech called arab americans native americans asian americans youth disabled veterans small farmers join african americans jewish americans political purpose purpose push fight economic educational opportunities rainbow coalition created address political empowerment public policy issues unsuccessful bid democratic nomination jackson attempted build broad base support groups hurt reagan administration policies racial minorities poor small farmers working mothers unemployed labor union members merger jackson moved chicago washington serve shadow senator returned chicago merged organizations merged entity advocates african americans native americans minorities women main economic goal minorities supplier lists major corporations industries aggressively pursues financial sector wall street telecommunications field high tech firms valley wall street activities organized sub organization wall street project organization active pursuit increase minority representation industries notably broadcast media entertainment industry automobile industry sought increased representation minority administrators college professional sports leadership jackson hispanic issues merged entity works closely league united latin american citizens national council organization mac lending employment practices led pledge billion mortgage loans specifically minorities donate million directly rainbow push sponsor jackson annual wall street project organization investigated case johnson found hanged belt tree home mississippi jackson labelled concluded death suicide early 2000s decade rainbow push worked nascar increase number minorities involved auto racing direct financial support projects find talented african american racing drivers initiative ended racing body criticized conservative groups partnership smaller campaigns undertaken hiv aids initiative funding aids programs national field department support bring societal change prison outpost project ultimate goal eliminate need prisons organization predecessors jackson advocated universal health care war drugs direct peace negotiations ending south_africa advancing democracy haiti following organization list major issues student loans jobs economic empowerment employee rights wages educational access fair decent housing voter registration civic education election law reform media sports criminal justice system political empowerment trade foreign policy action equal rights gender equality environmental justice congressman served sentence prison sexual assault bank fraud hired rainbow push resident scholar prison reform release organization member anti war including win war united peace justice downing street involvement duke team controversy jackson promised rainbow push coalition pay college tuition crystal false rape allegations members duke university men team hired jackson said matter fabricated story tuition offer good


long known puerto rican legal defense education fund new_york based national civil rights organization goal changing practices advocacy litigation privately funded nonprofit umbrella leadership conference civil human rights puerto rican legal defense education fund founded lawyers president group history played key role installation bilingual education new_york_city schools soon important legal advocacy group puerto mainland group known played battles opposition civil service exams thought attempts combat anti latino sentiment especially arising debate immigration changed current order reflect demographic shifts latino population new_york origins 1970s puerto rican legal defense education fund founded non profit organization lawyers victor fund president created privately funded nonprofit organization goal changing practices advocacy litigation inspired form purpose high profile legal defense educational fund marshall established pronounced pearl deaf initial funding foundations government sources private corporations house_of_representatives member board directors fund initial press conference said plenty room change society medium class actions organization soon grew litigation division pro counsel division education division typical young attorney premier law school fund lawsuit filed behalf hispanic educational improvement organization action new_york_city board education led august consent decree established right city public school students limited english proficiency receive bilingual education decree key factor bilingual education spreading city school system brought publication federal state forms spanish english late 1970s nation important legal advocacy group puerto mainland 1980s 1990s achieved visible early triumph federal court intervened block city democratic_party primary election grounds new_york_city council boundaries diminished power minority voters council district lines consequence ruling similar action taken planned subsequent negotiations justice department resulted changes fund began activity opposition death penalty new_york state board saying capital punishment associated evident racism society fund active highlighting cases police brutality 1980s changed focus somewhat moving traditional civil rights cases address economically focused issues wage major target civil service exams fund believed unfair minority groups fund sued new_york_city police department saying promotion exams african americans case settled department agreed promote additional black officers latino officers sergeant rank fund filed separate suits new_york_city fire department new_york_city department fund actively opposed robert supreme_court nomination threat poses civil rights latino community worked joining anti year fund teamed community organizers behalf affordable housing low income puerto rican families east new_york met editors new_york_daily_news complain negative images puerto presented news staff especially coming popular columnist jimmy future federal judge supreme_court nominee active member board directors board members chosen wealth political connections included attorney general nicholas senator jacob ambassador william manhattan district attorney robert new_york state attorney general robert federal judge founder victor federal judge returned serve board extent board litigation committee control lawsuits went forward varied time subject intermittent discussion group endured financial strain times private contributions suffered dispute management staff control fund president general counsel juan joined group forged strategic plan led alliance institute puerto rican policy institute functioned fund policy research arm result expanded role public policy community higher national profile integrated program effectively united advocacy public policy precedent setting litigation cases included language rights education voting rights environmental justice 2000s new group severe financial crisis gone high ranking official city state federal levels brought serve president institute puerto rican policy split renaming national institute latino policy member organization umbrella leadership conference civil human rights 2000s collaborated new_york legal assistance group united_states government delays processing immigration applications known collaborate hispanic national bar association town pennsylvania passed ordinance punish rented illegal immigrants businesses hired illegal immigrants american civil liberties union sued saying law unconstitutional said ordinance anti latino sentiment growing country july federal court agreed struck ordinance mayor promised appeal decision challenge visible work period july group authored brief filed latino organizations sought block highly controversial arizona anti illegal immigration law following month said ready sue state virginia governor allowed virginia state police ask immigration status individuals stop arrest stating policy result racial addition efforts education division encourages lawyers offering prep courses relationships endeavors assisted latino african americans students year helped create generation minority lawyers october group changed said coming identification common struggle especially regards immigration issues change motivated broad demographic shifts organization formed puerto comprised percent overall new_york latino population figure fallen percent group clients coming colombia dominican_republic ecuador mexico peru like opened additional fundraising opportunities caused puerto criticize group heritage organization received new national attention supreme_court nomination republicans saying involved radical organization democrats defended mainstream civil rights operation said group stood civil rights years suddenly accused bad associated allowed serve supreme_court shocking mayor new_york michael came defense saying agreed issue group countless important contributions new_york_city december filed unusual international petition inter american commission human rights organization american states charging united_states failing protect living borders falling short human rights march group urged governor puerto_rico delay months effective date new birth certificate law july previously issued birth certificates concerned new law objective stop identity theft fraud harm puerto applying driver license job governor delayed law months stepped president organization replaced civil rights lawyer juan subsequently named secretary state new_york


parade picnic parade picnic known day parade annual parade held neighborhood chicago illinois united_states largest african american parade nation held annually second saturday august robert founder publisher chicago defender created fictional character featured column paper david suggested parade celebration african american life second largest annual parade united_states focus parade chicago youth 21st century parade features celebrities politicians businessmen civic organizations youth begins neighborhood chicago south ends washington park parade televised present national international celebrities attended served parade grand marshal annual parade took place august televised second saturday august falls august history fictional character created considering adding youth section chicago defender newspaper dining chinese restaurant noticed early columns written later prominent novelist early 1930s names international youth listed section newspaper week approximately names appeared archived carter regional library chicago public library great depression featured character newspaper symbol pride happiness hope black residents character gained prominence comic strip chicago defender newspaper character created parade begin david initiated celebration unity diversity children chicago grown locally televised event second largest parade nation parade began august includes politicians beauty queens celebrities musical performers dozens marching dancing groups grown locally sponsored event major corporate presence seen signal impending end summer beginning new school year parade sponsors raise money college scholarships local youth parade route changed years original route michigan avenue beginning 31st street turned east washington park concern north south traffic flow caused parade route south parkway named martin king drive runs directly park times street repairs necessitated use michigan route current route king drive route freeman charles andy fame guests honor original parade robert led parade rolls stewart president chicago defender charities inc organized parade years numerous high profile celebrities dignitaries attended parade years including president harry michael jordan joe louis muhammad ali duke adelaide hall diana ross waters cab paul holiday rode alongside john nephew took chicago defender mayor richard parade recent featured popular musical acts concert performers post parade picnic approximately million people saw parade including million television viewers million attendees parade included participants vehicles parade dedicated actor comedian mac star mac native chicago died hour start parade request black lgbt group participate parade declined organizers following legal action involvement legal hoc committee proud black allowed participate parade parade parade categorized contests participants best float best marching band takes place chicago neighborhood starting 35th street martin king drive southern border douglas community area south landmark victory monument continues south 55th street washington park route covers approximately miles route takes parade grand boulevard washington park community areas parade annual parade senator barack_obama served grand marshal second year row chicago mayor richard attended march participants included senator dick lieutenant governor illinois pat quinn float represented chicago committee included past chicago bob simpson kenny johnson son chicago mascot guest appearance grand marshal notable figure invited year serve grand marshal featuring politicians chicago native singer khan served grand marshal annual parade theme parade themed year parade committee tradition began parade organizers themed parade demonstrate patriotism african american community themes years picnic parade begins ends parade visitors welcomed stay washington park picnic picnic festivities post parade festivities include concert parade featured parade featured pretty picnic included concert violence parade featured concert free virtually unlimited space park viewing crowd causing concert curtailed attendees taken hospitals result injuries violence including teenagers shot parade teenagers shot altercation involving group black youths parade route near block king drive


run run referred ritual dance brave annual event held university philippines chapters alpha different campuses runners male traditionally run completely naked public places fully visible designated route event organized university philippines promote naked hero film draws statue nude man located university philippines campus offering self country event usually december serves protest contemporary national issues participants run male members numbering average women participating event runners usually bear masks hide identities wear leaves cover usually hand roses number female spectators additional runs held special events centennial run members ran celebrate 100th anniversary run criticized philippine senator calling blatant display male disregard rules decent society comparing behaviors prohibited revised code philippines line called investigation march determine event law history alpha fraternity founded december college pennsylvania united_states philippine chapter chartered march far eastern university manila chapter established february main campus university philippines philippine state university founded june particularly known student activism inception despite inconsistencies sources generally agree run started known ritual dance brave takes statue nude man unveiled originally completely nude leaf added cover president term found campus identifying symbol run spread campuses including los manila non colleges universities university philippines far eastern university state university according article published website run originated unnamed member ran naked inside campus promote sponsored play called naked hero play dedicated member killed brawl months earlier run success decided stage year fraternity anniversary december view supported news public affairs report newer account student newspaper university philippines gives different story according article paper run protest ferdinand banning play detailing human rights violations martial law regime killed months later brawl honor decided stage run annually voice contemporary socio political issues philippine daily notes member saying started prank dictatorship allow showing play play political satire associated_press article likewise details different version story according oliver wrote article run started stunt promote film depicted oppressed plantation workers similar account film banned similarly internet movie database lists film directed robert reportedly won awards best picture best production design best screenplay participation women december run unidentified naked women reportedly seen members event instance women took occasion wearing masks hide identities held banners promoting equal rights women posing photographers entered car sped act condemned condemning act gender issues women run naked want event run supposed centennial run celebrate university philippines centennial members ran half mile campus june largest run history terms number participants participants started running hall statue hall administration building runners carried stating serve people raised social issues including appeals greater state education president philippines event observed senior alumni including mayor currently vice president philippines event run usually held december honor international founding alpha december date changed december falls weekend run held significant events national anniversary march chapter anniversary occasions significant home university runners usually bear masks hide identities wear leaves cover usually hand roses number female spectators contrary popular belief forbidden run run pledged sic members volunteered run undergo initiation true allow applicants join run sign protest called attention national issues including appeals president joseph justice victims massacre philippine bar exam bombing themes themes campus better disaster risk reduction management free fair clean national elections run philippine rivers justice victims philippine bar exam bombing justice victims massacre opposing charter change particularly extension term president president protest university philippines tuition increase charter change funds philippine merry christmas question marks represent budget cut tuition scholars nation cost living university philippines employees implementation environment restoration social justice victims clean peaceful elections budget cuts stop corruption transparency government corrupt resign president joseph calling attention university philippines budget cuts stop fraternity violence criticism march run criticized philippine senator calling blatant display male disregard rules decent society noted run public event viewed young children innocent audiences young old comparing behaviors prohibited revised code philippines said women position supported officials catholic_church instance bishop identified morally lacking like cited innocent youths spectators run said decent way showing nude bodies trans archbishop oscar supports view line called investigation march determine event said law sought parties responsible including university authorities failure exercise duty laws rules country prevail run defended senator francis student council president argued run runners merely exercising freedom expression institute word banned university students participating run years prior banning chapter held run obtaining permit city government celebration 50th anniversary university recognized fraternity response ban chapter held anniversary instead nude run similarly run conducted avenue manila support members taking bar examinations prohibited city government manila complaints guests unnecessary noise said run


death march university student french town nice father member norwegian parliament march took personality test run church committed suicide later day family friends stated happy prior taking test mood dramatically shifted receiving results committed suicide hours getting results test jumped fourth floor room addition note family found personality test belongings french police investigated connections death interviewed leaders organization france prosecutors stated december unable establish link test death representative france asserted personality test created church related death church information chief norway stated test dangerous organization bear responsibility death father retained lawyer investigate daughter death family considered filing lawsuit people attended funeral april church oslo norway incident received significant media coverage norway gang devoted multiple cover stories investigating controversy media faced criticism extensive coverage death norway parliament member commented thought indications role suicide psychologist told personality test designed break individual characterized test form recruitment tool organization critic stated parents involved contacted similar concerns norwegian psychological association warned individuals taking types personality tests father wrote book daughter death interviews press book published titled book bestseller norway reached second place bestseller list bestseller association norway general literature author stated wrote book method process grief inform family controversy educate public suicide family daughter member norwegian parliament member norwegian parliament state secretary ministry environment personality test took personality test given church nice france march test known personality test oxford capacity analysis testing location situated close residential area student housing nearby shopping facility located meters dormitory according representatives spent total hour facility received negative result test indicated responses situated referred unacceptable level test consists questions missed points test seen unstable test stated limited friends family members said mood changed receiving results family said indicated problems prior taking test uncle stated program public broadcaster results personality test devastating served spokesperson family intense period grief described happy prior taking test stated relate facts france happy good friends took test death committed suicide hours hearing results personality test conducted jumped fourth floor room nice france hours getting results test left note results personality test results personality test found belongings family april noted french police investigating connections death investigation headed judge france april french police interviewed leaders france prosecutor opened investigation incident france april french investigating prosecutor told convinced suicide question encouraged prosecutors stated december determine direct link personality test death representative france denied test related death asserted personality test created church pay royalties foundation use test said actually received results personality test spokesperson asserted gang results personality test seen positive negative allow individual gain insight personality representative norway described concerns leveled organization deeply unfair official noted psychological history teenager said eating disorder church information chief norway asserted personality test dangerous stated millions individuals examination asserted approximately residents norway taken test heard killed basis test said said entered premises nice maintained negative views organization based ignorance feel deeply family rude church responsibility incident said father critical statements daughter history commented gang church negatively reputation daughter privacy health history wish comment nature investigation france uncle explained family decided come forward information media suicide motivation information relating circumstances death told family confidence investigation local law enforcement france thought connection death father retained attorney investigate daughter death april family considering taking legal action interred april church oslo approximately people present funeral ceremony commentary reporting death united press international noted critics break build recruitment tool controversial issue received significant coverage norway news publications media attention focused criticism church gang devoted cover stories investigating matter news media received criticism coverage given incident representative national association suicide survivors norway regarded excessive news editor peter defended news coverage given incident write survivor criticism test took took life family wanted debate makes important test kind test significant happened mean extremely important focus family agreed discuss incident media interview father said issues case page news newspapers norway parliament member weighed situation stated oslo norway newspaper indications sect played direct role choice life friend study partner henry told think alive today gone psychologist told testing procedures personality test conducted negative consequences said goal focused breaking offer build characterized personality test recruitment tactic organization consulted expert subject assessment tests characterized personality test critic stated church views candidates test raw meat street told worth said stated thousands desperate parents contact children major mental problems taken life similar circumstances associated celebrity hank von commented press thought cause suicide reported advised subsequent personality test proper follow attention subject analysis personality tests available online social networking sites norwegian psychological association department advisor cited example wrong things norwegian psychological association warned individuals taking types personality tests father subsequently wrote book daughter suicide decided interviews press ordeal book published wanted able tell story impact daughter death terms titled book explores sequence events led daughter death time studying french nice early history psychiatric treatment discussed book recounts difficulties getting information daughter death government authorities according author slow response receiving help foreign ministry norway interview explained motivation writing book funeral felt relating grief way process grief second issue needed account later tell little daughter said wanted contribute greater suicide acknowledged losing child means life turned upside believe grief heavier share book written input family members bestseller norway book reached second place bestseller list bestseller association norway general literature sparked renewed controversy perceptions activities norway review book noted author writing private individual physician trained look familiar intimate distance book publication representative church stated church absolutely young woman decision life sorry loss family suffered young woman member church participated church activities


nobel prize nobel prize swedish pronunciation swedish definite form singular norwegian set annual international awards bestowed number categories swedish norwegian committees recognition academic cultural scientific advances swedish inventor alfred nobel established prizes prizes chemistry literature peace physics physiology medicine awarded related nobel memorial prize economic sciences established sweden central bank medals struck gold later green gold gold coating nobel prizes prize economic sciences awarded times people organizations receiving nobel prize makes total individuals men women organizations prize ceremonies place annually stockholm sweden peace prize held oslo norway recipient receives gold medal diploma sum money decided nobel foundation prize worth million million million million nobel prize widely regarded prestigious award available fields literature medicine physics chemistry peace economics royal swedish academy sciences awards nobel prize physics nobel prize chemistry nobel memorial prize economic sciences nobel assembly awards nobel prize physiology medicine swedish academy grants nobel prize literature nobel peace prize awarded swedish organisation norwegian nobel committee prize awarded posthumously person awarded prize dies receiving prize presented average number prize increased substantially 20th century prize shared people history alfred nobel listen born october stockholm sweden family engineers chemist engineer inventor nobel purchased iron steel mill major armaments manufacturer nobel invented invention precursor military explosives especially british powder consequence patent claims nobel eventually involved patent infringement lawsuit nobel amassed fortune lifetime wealth dynamite famous nobel read obituary titled merchant death dead french newspaper alfred brother died obituary years premature article nobel remembered inspired change december alfred nobel died villa san italy cerebral years old nobel wrote lifetime composed year died signing swedish norwegian club paris november widespread nobel specified fortune create series prizes greatest benefit mankind physics chemistry physiology medicine literature peace nobel bequeathed total assets million million million establish nobel prizes surrounding april approved norway nobel formed nobel foundation care nobel fortune organise award prizes nobel instructions named norwegian nobel committee award peace prize members appointed shortly approved april soon prize awarding organisations designated established june swedish academy june royal swedish academy sciences june nobel foundation reached agreement guidelines prizes awarded nobel foundation newly created statutes king oscar personal union sweden norway dissolved nobel foundation nobel foundation founded private organisation june function manage finances administration nobel prizes accordance nobel primary task foundation manage fortune nobel left robert nobel involved oil business according swedish historian accessed nobel family archives decision allow withdrawal alfred money decisive factor enabled nobel prizes established important task nobel foundation market prizes internationally oversee informal administration related prizes foundation involved process selecting nobel ways nobel foundation similar investment company nobel money create solid funding base prizes administrative activities nobel foundation exempt taxes sweden investment taxes united_states 1980s foundation investments profitable december assets controlled nobel foundation amounted billion swedish million according statutes foundation consists board swedish norwegian citizens seat stockholm chairman board appointed swedish king council members appointed trustees prize awarding institutions executive director chosen board members deputy director appointed king council deputies appointed trustees members board chosen trustees executive director deputy director appointed board board nobel foundation prize awarding institutions royal swedish academy sciences nobel assembly institute swedish academy norwegian nobel committee trustees institutions prizes nobel foundation guidelines place nobel committees began collecting nominations inaugural prizes subsequently sent list preliminary candidates prize awarding institutions nobel committee physics prize cited discovery rays work rays academy sciences selected prize decades 19th century significant contributions chemistry prize academy chiefly faced merely deciding order scientists awarded prize academy received nominations van van awarded prize contributions chemical swedish academy chose poet nobel prize literature group including swedish writers artists literary critics protested decision having expected leo awarded including burton criticised prize consider mediocre poet explanation academy members preferred victorian literature selected victorian poet physiology medicine prize went german von 1890s von developed treat causing thousands deaths year nobel peace prize went swiss jean role founding international red_cross movement initiating geneva convention jointly given french founder peace league active alliance order civilization second world war adolf_hitler forbade germany richard adolf friedrich accepting prizes man later able receive diploma medal sweden officially neutral second world war prizes awarded irregularly peace prize awarded prize awarded category occupation norway germany subsequent year prizes awarded literature peace occupation norway members norwegian nobel committee fled exile remaining members escaped persecution germans nobel foundation stated committee building oslo swedish property safe haven german military war sweden members kept work committee going award prizes nobel foundation members exile sure nominations submitted peace prize prize awarded prize economic sciences celebrated anniversary large sum money nobel foundation set prize honor nobel following year nobel memorial prize economic sciences awarded time royal swedish academy sciences responsible selecting economics prize jan having developed applied dynamic models analysis economic processes nobel prize identified awards announced nobel prize recipients prize economic sciences presented swedish nobel prize award ceremony board nobel foundation decided addition allow new prizes award process award process similar nobel prizes main difference nominations nominations nomination forms sent nobel committee individuals usually september year prizes awarded individuals generally prominent academics working relevant area peace prize inquiries sent governments peace prize current members norwegian nobel committee deadline return nomination forms january year award nobel committee potential forms additional names nominees publicly named told considered prize nomination records prize sealed years awarding prize selection nobel committee prepares report reflecting advice experts relevant fields list preliminary candidates submitted prize awarding institutions institutions meet choose field majority vote decision appealed announced immediately vote maximum different works selected award peace prize awarded institutions awards given individuals peace prize awarded money split scientific prizes happened times far posthumous nominations posthumous nominations presently permitted individuals died months nomination decision prize committee originally eligible receive prize occurred twice literature prize awarded peace prize awarded secretary general thought alive time october announcement william died prize economics announced presented october nobel prize physiology medicine announced committee aware died days earlier committee debating prize rule prize awarded posthumously committee later decided decision award prize good faith remain unchanged recognition time nobel provided prizes awarded recognition discoveries preceding year early awards usually recognised recent discoveries early discoveries later example awarded prize physiology medicine purported discovery parasite caused cancer avoid repeating embarrassment awards increasingly recognised scientific discoveries test time according chairman nobel prize committee physiology medicine criterion previous year interpreted nobel assembly year impact discovery evident interval award accomplishment recognises varies discipline discipline literature prize typically awarded recognise cumulative lifetime body work single achievement peace prize awarded lifetime body work example awarded work resolve international conflicts awarded specific recent events instance awarded peace prize years secretary general united_nations similarly received award year successfully concluded oslo nobel stated prizes awarded contributions preceding year awards physics chemistry medicine typically awarded achievement widely accepted takes decades example shared physics prize 1930s work stellar structure evolution scientists live long work recognised discoveries considered prize impact realised died award ceremonies peace prize nobel prizes presented stockholm sweden annual prize award ceremony december anniversary nobel death recipients lectures normally held days prior award ceremony peace prize recipients lectures presented annual prize award ceremony oslo norway usually december award ceremonies associated typically major international events prizes awarded sweden ceremonies held stockholm concert hall nobel banquet following immediately stockholm city hall nobel peace prize ceremony held norwegian nobel institute auditorium university oslo oslo city hall present highlight nobel prize award ceremony stockholm occurs nobel steps forward receive prize hands king sweden oslo chairman norwegian nobel committee presents nobel peace prize presence king norway king oscar approve awarding grand prizes foreigners said mind changed attention drawn publicity value prizes sweden nobel banquet award ceremony sweden banquet held blue hall stockholm city hall attended swedish royal family guests nobel peace prize banquet held norway oslo grand hotel award ceremony apart guests include president prime minister king queen norway total guests attend nobel lecture according statutes nobel foundation required public lecture subject related topic prize nobel lecture genre took decades reach current format lectures normally occur nobel week week leading award ceremony banquet begins arriving stockholm normally ends nobel banquet mandatory obliged lecture months receiving prize happened later example president roosevelt received peace prize gave lecture term office lectures organized association selected prizes medals announced nobel foundation awarded contract production swedish nobel prize medals nobel prize medals swedish mint sweden oldest company ceased operations years mint norway located medals nobel prize medals registered nobel foundation medal features image alfred nobel left profile medals physics chemistry physiology medicine literature identical showing image alfred nobel years birth death nobel portrait appears peace prize medal medal economics prize slightly different design instance engraved rim economics medal image reverse medal varies according institution awarding prize reverse sides medals chemistry physics share design medals struck gold struck green gold gold weight medal varies value gold averages grams medal diameter millimetres thickness varies millimetres millimetres high value gold content tendency public display nobel medals subject medal theft world war medals german scientists max von james sent copenhagen germany invaded denmark chemist george dissolved regia acid prevent nazi_germany prevent legal problems holders war gold recovered solution medals cast nobel receive diploma directly hands king sweden case peace prize chairman norwegian nobel committee diploma uniquely designed prize awarding institutions receive diploma contains picture text swedish states normally citation received prize nobel peace prize citation award money given sum money receive prizes form document confirming awarded prize money depends money nobel foundation award year purse increased 1980s prize money million today prize monetary award million million june lowered million particular category award grant divided equally recipients awarding committee option dividing grant equally awarding half recipient quarter common recipients donate prize money benefit scientific cultural humanitarian causes controversies criticisms controversial recipients criticisms nobel committees accused having political agenda candidates accused especially literature prize peace prize criticised nobel peace prizes awarded henry led resignation norwegian nobel committee members declined prize awarded prize negotiating north vietnam united_states january award announced sides engaging hostilities critics opinion peace maker opposite responsible widening war received peace prize efforts making peace israel palestine immediately award announced norwegian nobel committee members denounced terrorist resigned additional widely expressed newspapers controversial peace prize awarded barack_obama nominations closed days obama took office president actual evaluation occurred months obama stated feel award worthy company place past peace prize divided saying obama deserved award saying secured achievements merit obama award previous peace prizes jimmy carter gore prompted accusations left wing bias literature prize award literature prize drew protest member swedish academy resigned alleging selection caused damage progressive forces confused general view literature art alleged works mass text artistic structure literature prize generated criticism according washington_post literary critics professors ignorant work critics feel prizes science prizes received physiology medicine prize development previous year walter freeman developed version procedure faster easier carry publicity surrounding original procedure freeman procedure prescribed consideration regard modern medical ethics endorsed influential publications new_england journal medicine popular performed united_states years immediately following prize overlooked achievements norwegian nobel committee confirmed nominated peace prize days assassinated january later members norwegian nobel committee expressed regret given prize secretary norwegian nobel committee said greatest omission year history undoubtedly received nobel peace prize nobel peace prize nobel committee question year death nobel committee declined award prize grounds suitable living candidate year later awarded peace prize chairman committee said tribute memory high profile individuals widely recognised contributions peace missed foreign policy lists eleanor roosevelt people won prize physicist arnold nominated times award secretary general informed norwegian representative awarded year prize asked accept consulted staff later replied time chairman nobel peace prize committee lobbied heavily giving prize prize minute awarded rest committee wanted prize work cuban missile crisis ending war ongoing work end vietnam war disagreement lasted years prize given effectively award literature prize controversial adam suggested notable writers missed award political extra literary reasons heavy focus european swedish authors subject criticism nature award acknowledged peter permanent secretary swedish academy problem award attributed tendency academy relate european authors tendency european authors leaves number european writers list notable writers overlooked literature prize including europe leo james august simon new world pound john arthur miller mark africa strict rule awarding prize people controversial prize awarded recognize achievement team collaborators miss example prize awarded john development mass protein chemistry award recognize achievements michael institute physical theoretical chemistry university frankfurt according nominees prize physics person limit deprived members team honor team tom published paper gave answers began share physics prize awarded peter published papers concerning subject arrived conclusion albeit different angles contends solution abandon limit restriction expand time period recognition given achievement years similarly prohibition posthumous awards fails recognise achievements individual collaborator dies prize awarded francis james watson awarded physiology medicine prize discovering structure dna franklin key contributor discovery died cancer years earlier economics prize awarded fischer black died author received honor landmark work option robert pioneer development stock options announcement award year nobel committee prominently mentioned black key role political deny proper recognition discovered nuclear denied share nobel chemistry award having fled germany nazis came power roles research fully recognized years later joined receiving award emphasis discoveries alfred nobel left fortune finance annual prizes awarded preceding year shall conferred greatest benefit mankind stated nobel prizes physics given person shall important discovery invention field physics nobel emphasise discoveries historically held higher respect nobel prize committee physics prizes given discoveries compared papers published nature arts argued emphasis discoveries moved nobel prize away original intention rewarding greatest contribution society specially distinguished multiple people received nobel prizes marie received physics prize work chemistry prize isolation pure making person win nobel prize different sciences won chemistry prize research chemical bond application structure complex substances won peace prize activism nuclear weapons making prizes john received physics prize twice invention theory frederick received prize twice chemistry determining structure method determining base sequences dna organisations received peace prize multiple times international committee red_cross received times work world wars year centenary united_nations high commissioner refugees won peace prize twice assisting refugees family family received prizes prizes won individual marie received prizes physics chemistry husband shared physics prize daughter received chemistry prize husband addition husband marie second daughter henry director won nobel peace prize family matches family record husband wife team ferdinand shared prize physiology medicine husband wife team john awarded physics prize showing particles son george received prize showing properties waves william henry son william lawrence shared physics prize ray won physics prize son received physics prize father received physics prize von received chemistry prize father von awarded physiology medicine prize won physics prize uncle won prize arthur received physiology medicine prize son roger later received chemistry prize jan won economics prize brother received physiology medicine prize peace prize wife awarded economics prize economics paul kenneth arrow brothers law cultural impact symbol scientific literary achievement worldwide nobel prize depicted fiction includes films like prize nobel son fictional nobel fictionalized accounts stories surrounding real prizes nobel film based theft prize constraints voluntarily declined nobel prize jean paul awarded literature prize refused stating writer refuse allow transformed institution takes place honourable form chosen peace prize role paris peace declined stating actual peace vietnam adolf_hitler hindered richard adolf accepting prizes awarded gold medals world war declined prize literature fear soviet_union government travelled stockholm accept prize return swedish academy refused refusal saying refusal course way validity award academy announced regret presentation literature prize place year holding son accepted prize behalf san awarded nobel peace prize children accepted prize placed house arrest burma delivered speech decades later awarded nobel peace prize wife house arrest china political prisoners legacy memorial symbol planet alfred nobel opened university economics law globe nobel composite obtained military strategic missiles