ecology combination words sustain ability concept makes reference biological systems remain diverse productive indefinitely long lived healthy wetlands forests examples sustainable biological systems general terms endurance systems processes organizing principle sustainable development includes domains ecology economics politics culture science study sustainable development environmental science defined socio ecological process characterized pursuit common ideal ideal definition given time space endless pursuit builds process healthy ecosystems environments necessary survival humans organisms ways reducing negative human impact environmentally friendly chemical engineering environmental resources management environmental protection information gained green chemistry earth science environmental science conservation biology ecological economics studies fields academic research aim address human economies natural ecosystems moving social challenge international national law urban planning transport local individual lifestyles ethical ways living forms living conditions municipalities sustainable cities economic sectors green building sustainable agriculture work practices sustainable architecture science develop new technologies green technologies energy sustainable fusion power designing systems flexible manner adjusting individual lifestyles conserve natural resources despite increased popularity use term possibility human societies achieve environmental continues questioned light environmental degradation climate change population growth societies pursuit indefinite economic growth closed system etymology derived latin hold sub sustain mean maintain support endure 1980s sense human planet earth resulted widely quoted definition concept sustainable development commission united_nations march sustainable development development meets needs present ability future generations meet needs components pillars world summit social development identified sustainable development goals economic development social development environmental protection view expressed illustration overlapping indicating pillars mutually exclusive mutually reinforcing fact pillars long run exist pillars served common ground numerous standards certification systems recent years particular food industry standards today explicitly refer triple line include alliance certified experts practitioners illustrated pillars quadruple line pillar future generations emphasizes long term thinking associated sustainable development consists balancing local global efforts meet basic human needs destroying natural environment question represent relationship needs environment study pointed environmental justice important sustainable development ecological economist asked use forest perspective economy human society gain sector loss perspective led circles figure economics inside society inside environment simple definition improves quality human life living carrying capacity supporting systems vague conveys idea having limits action task progress journey political process definitions set common goals values earth charter speaks sustainable global society founded respect nature universal human rights economic justice culture peace suggested complex figure included importance domain politics implies responsible decision making innovation negative impact maintains balance ecological economic prosperity political justice cultural ensure desirable planet species future specific types include sustainable agriculture sustainable architecture ecological economics understanding sustainable development important clear targets term like liberty justice described dialogue values challenge development circles united_nations millennium declaration identified principles treaties sustainable development including economic development social development environmental protection continued domains economics environment social recently systematic domain model responds debates decade circles approach distinguished domains economic ecological political cultural accord united_nations agenda culture fourth domain sustainable development model organizations united_nations cities programme metropolis shaping future integral elements research innovation activities telling example european environmental research innovation policy aims defining implementing agenda economy society sustainable research innovation europe financially supported programme horizon open participation worldwide ecology capacity ecosystem absorb disturbance retain basic structure viability thinking evolved need manage interactions human constructed systems natural ecosystems sustainable way despite fact definition remains elusive thinking addresses ecological systems withstand assault human disturbances deliver services current future generations need concerned commitment promote manage essential ecological resources order promote achieve essential resources benefit future generations life ecosystem reasonably measured events combination naturally occurring forces solar energy water soil atmosphere vegetation interact energy released ecosystem disturbances practical view closed systems maintain processes productivity indefinitely replacing resources actions people resources equal greater value people natural systems way measured human projects transparent accounting resources ecosystem replace displaced nature accounting occurs naturally process adaptation ecosystem returns viability external disturbance adaptation multi stage process begins disturbance event earthquake volcanic eruption hurricane tornado flood thunderstorm followed absorption energy energies external forces created systems urban national parks dams farms gardens theme parks open pit mines water way look relationship view long term vision capacity human engineers respond immediate environmental events history history traces human dominated ecological systems earliest present time history characterized increased regional success particular society followed crises resolved producing leading decline early human history use fire desire specific foods altered natural composition plant animal communities years ago communities emerged depended largely environment creation structure western industrial revolution 18th 19th centuries tapped vast growth potential energy fossil coal power efficient engines later generate electricity modern systems advances medicine protected large populations disease mid-20th century gathering environmental movement pointed environmental costs associated material benefits enjoyed late 20th century environmental problems global scale energy crises demonstrated extent global community dependent non energy resources 21st century increasing global awareness threat posed human greenhouse effect produced largely forest clearing burning fossil principles concepts philosophical framework draws connects different disciplines fields recent years area come called science emerged united_nations millennium declaration identified principles treaties sustainable development including economic development social development environmental protection circles approach distinguishes domains economic ecological political cultural accord united_nations agenda culture fourth domain sustainable development scale context studied managed scales levels frames reference time space contexts environmental social economic organization focus ranges total carrying capacity planet earth economic sectors ecosystems countries municipalities home gardens individual lives individual goods services lifestyles behaviour patterns short compass biological human activity daniel author stated landscape changing scales time space sheer size complexity ecosystem proved problematic design practical measures reach global shed light big picture explorer jason lewis drawn parallels closed systems example human existence earth isolated planet space people evacuated relieve population pressure resources imported prevent accelerated resources life sea small boat isolated water cases argues exercising principle key factor survival consumption major driver human impact earth systems destruction resources especially earth ecosystems environmental impact community depends population impact person turn depends complex ways resources resources scale human activity relative carrying capacity ecosystems involved careful resource management applied scales economic sectors like agriculture manufacturing industry work organizations consumption patterns households individuals resource demands individual goods services initial attempts express human impact developed 1970s called pat formula attempts explain human consumption terms components population numbers levels consumption terms usage different impact unit resource use termed technology impact depends technology equation expressed environmental impact population technology measurement measurement term denotes measurements basis informed management measurement involving environmental social economic domains individually combinations evolving include standards certification systems like organic accounting assessment reporting systems applied wide range spatial temporal scales best known widely measures include corporate reporting triple line accounting world society circles estimates quality governance individual countries environmental index environmental performance index population according revision official united_nations population estimates projections world population projected reach billion early current billion exceed billion people increase developing countries population projected rise billion billion increase distributed population aged billion billion number children age developing countries predicted decrease contrast population developed regions expected undergo slight increase billion billion declined billion projected net migration developing developed countries expected average million persons annually long term estimates global population suggest peak billion people slow decrease billion emerging economies like china india living standards western world non world general combination population increase developing world consumption levels developed world poses stark challenge carrying capacity global scale scientific data indicates humans living carrying capacity planet earth continue indefinitely scientific evidence comes sources presented detail millennium ecosystem assessment boundaries framework early detailed examination global limits published book limits growth prompted follow commentary analysis review nature international researchers expressed concerns earth approaching state shift ecological measures human consumption terms productive land needed provide resources absorb average global citizen required global hectares person natural biological capacity global hectares assuming provision organisms resulting ecological deficit met extra sources obtained ways embedded goods services world trade taken past fossil borrowed future resource usage exploiting forests fisheries figure right examines scale individual countries contrasting ecological human development index measure standard living shows necessary countries maintain acceptable standard living citizens time maintaining sustainable resource use general trend higher standards living sustainable population growth marked influence levels consumption efficiency resource use goal raise global standard living increasing use resources globally sustainable levels exceed planet consumption information generated reports national regional city scales confirm global trend societies sustainable time romanian american economist nicholas economics founder ecological economics argued carrying capacity earth earth capacity sustain human populations consumption levels bound decrease future earth finite stock mineral resources presently extracted use leading ecological economist steady state theorist student argument global human impact biodiversity fundamental level energy flow cycling set upper limit number mass organisms ecosystem human impacts earth demonstrated general way detrimental changes global cycles chemicals critical life notably water oxygen carbon nitrogen millennium ecosystem assessment international synthesis world leading biological scientists state earth ecosystems provides guidelines decision makers concludes human activity having significant escalating impact biodiversity world ecosystems reducing report refers natural systems humanity life support system providing essential ecosystem services assessment measures ecosystem services concluding shown improvement years decline condition sustainable development goals sustainable development goals current set seventeen future international development targets official agenda sustainable development adopted september main outlining sustainable development goals associated targets included following seventeen goals poverty end poverty forms food end hunger achieve food security improved nutrition promote sustainable agriculture health ensure healthy lives promote ages education ensure inclusive quality education promote lifelong learning opportunities women achieve gender equality women girls water ensure availability sustainable management water energy ensure access affordable reliable sustainable modern energy economy promote sustained inclusive sustainable economic growth productive employment decent work infrastructure build infrastructure promote inclusive sustainable foster innovation inequality reduce inequality countries cities human settlements inclusive safe sustainable consumption ensure sustainable consumption production patterns climate urgent action combat climate change impacts marine ecosystems conserve use oceans seas marine resources sustainable development ecosystems protect restore promote sustainable use terrestrial ecosystems manage forests combat halt reverse land degradation halt biodiversity loss institutions promote peaceful inclusive societies sustainable development provide access justice build effective inclusive institutions levels strengthen means implementation global partnership sustainable development august proposed targets goals proposed compliance sustainable development goals replace millennium development goals expired end established following millennium summit united_nations adopted united_nations member states time international organizations goals advanced help achieve following sustainable development standards extreme poverty hunger achieve universal primary education promote gender equality women reduce child mortality improve maternal health combat hiv aids malaria diseases ensure environmental targets goal focuses increasing sustainable access safe drinking water basic develop global partnership development sustainable development according data member countries represented united_nations cuba nation world met world wide fund nature definition sustainable development ecological hectares capita human development index environmental dimension healthy ecosystems provide vital goods services humans organisms major ways reducing negative human impact enhancing ecosystem services environmental management direct approach based largely information gained earth science environmental science conservation biology management end long series indirect factors initiated human consumption second approach demand management human resource use management human consumption resources indirect approach based largely information gained economics suggested broad criteria ecological resources provide sustainable yield rate harvest exceed rate regeneration non resources equivalent development waste generation exceed capacity environment environmental management global scale sense environmental management involves oceans freshwater systems land atmosphere following principle scale equally applied ecosystem tropical home garden atmosphere march meeting copenhagen climate council climate experts countries issued statement excuse failing act global warming strong carbon reduction abrupt shifts climate occur difficult contemporary societies cope management global atmosphere involves assessment aspects carbon cycle identify opportunities address human induced climate change major focus scientific research potential catastrophic effects biodiversity human communities energy human impacts atmosphere include air pollution cities including toxic chemicals like nitrogen volatile organic compounds airborne matter produce acid rain layer atmosphere reduce direct earth surface known global decrease estimated trend subsequently reversed global disturbed global water cycle reducing rainfall areas creates cooling effect partially masked effect greenhouse gases global warming freshwater oceans water covers earth surface water oceans freshwater locked ice sheet remaining freshwater found glaciers lakes rivers wetlands soil atmosphere water cycle fresh water supply continually precipitation limited necessitating management resource awareness global importance preserving water ecosystem services recently emerged 20th century half world wetlands lost valuable environmental services increasing clean water supplies world access clean safe water greater emphasis placed improved management blue green soil water available plant use water applies scales water management ocean circulation patterns strong influence climate weather turn food supply humans organisms scientists warned possibility influence climate change sudden alteration circulation patterns ocean currents drastically alter climate regions globe cent world population million people live low lying areas vulnerable sea level rise land use loss biodiversity stems largely habitat loss produced human appropriation land development forestry agriculture natural capital progressively converted man capital land use change fundamental operations alterations relative proportions land dedicated agriculture forest woodland grassland pasture marked effect global water carbon nitrogen cycles impact negatively natural human systems local human scale major benefits sustainable parks gardens green cities revolution world forests lost human use present day forests occupy quarter world ice free land half occurring tropics temperate regions forest area gradually increasing exception siberia tropics major concern food essential life feeding seven billion human bodies takes heavy toll earth resources begins appropriation earth land surface net primary productivity added resource hungry activities industrial crop need irrigation water synthetic resource costs food packaging transport major global trade retail environmental problems associated industrial agriculture addressed movements sustainable agriculture organic farming sustainable business practices management human consumption underlying driver direct human impacts environment human consumption impact reduced consuming making cycle production use disposal sustainable consumption goods services analysed managed scales chain consumption starting effects individual lifestyle choices spending patterns resource demands specific goods services impacts economic sectors national economies global economy analysis consumption patterns relates resource use environmental social economic impacts scale context investigation ideas embodied resource use total resources needed produce product service resource intensity resource productivity important tools understanding impacts consumption key resource categories relating human needs food energy materials water international resource panel hosted united_nations environment programme published global scientific assessment impacts consumption production identified priority actions developed developing countries study found critical impacts related ecosystem health human health resource production perspective found fossil fuel processes agriculture fisheries important impacts final consumption perspective found household consumption related mobility shelter food energy products cause majority life cycle impacts consumption energy sun energy stored plants primary producers passes food chain organisms ultimately power living processes industrial revolution concentrated energy sun stored plants fossil major driver technology turn source economic political power climate scientists concluded probability atmospheric increase human induced result fossil fuel emissions lesser extent changes land use world climate require high income countries reduce emissions levels hold levels current levels level temperatures rise produce catastrophic climate change reduction current levels achieved background global population increase developing countries aspiring energy intensive high consumption western lifestyles reducing greenhouse emissions tackled scales ranging tracking passage carbon carbon cycle energy developing carbon hungry technology transport systems attempts individuals lead carbon neutral lifestyles monitoring fossil fuel use embodied goods services use engineering emerging technologies carbon neutral fuel energy storage systems power gas compressed air energy storage pumped storage necessary store power energy sources including emerging airborne wind turbines water water security food security linked decade human water times greater previous decade rapid increase resulted scientific technological developments economy especially increase land growth industrial power sectors intensive dam construction continents altered water cycle rivers lakes affected water quality significant impact global water cycle currently human water use drawing diminishing reducing flows major rivers percentage likely increase climate change impacts severe populations increase progressively depleted supplies water demand doubled agricultural use increased industrial use domestic use 1990s estimated humans globally available freshwater approximate proportion agriculture industry domestic purposes total use progressively increasing water efficiency improved global scale increased demand management improved infrastructure improved water productivity agriculture water intensity embodied water goods services addressing shortages non world concentrating food production areas high productivity planning climate change flexible system design promising direction sustainable development design systems flexible local level people self sufficient harvesting reducing use water food american public health association defines sustainable food system provides healthy food meet current food needs maintaining healthy ecosystems provide food generations come minimal negative impact environment sustainable food system encourages local production distribution makes food available accessible affordable humane protecting farmers workers consumers communities concerns environmental impacts stark contrast problems western world poverty food developing world generated strong movement healthy sustainable eating major component overall ethical environmental effects different patterns depend factors including proportion animal plant foods consumed method food production world health organization published global strategy diet physical activity health report endorsed world health assembly recommends mediterranean diet associated health longevity low meat rich fruits vegetables low added sugar limited salt low saturated traditional source fat mediterranean olive oil rich fat healthy rice based japanese diet high low fat low meat saturated high vegetables associated low low environmental impact global level environmental impact addressed sustainable agriculture organic farming local level movements working local food production productive use urban domestic gardens including urban local food slow food sustainable organic sustainable farmed sources maintain increase production future ecosystems acquired sustainable movement gained momentum people aware environmentally destructive fishing methods materials toxic substances waste global population increased use materials increased volume diversity distance transported included raw materials minerals synthetic chemicals including hazardous substances manufactured products food living organisms waste humanity consume estimated billion tons minerals fossil year times current economic growth rate rate natural resource consumption developed countries citizens consume average tons key resources capita ranging tons person developed countries resource consumption levels far likely sustainable sustainable use materials targeted idea converting linear path materials extraction use disposal circular material flow materials possible like cycling reuse waste nature approach supported product increasing use material flow analysis levels especially individual countries global economy use sustainable come sources recycled preferred use non life cycle standpoint synthetic chemical production escalated following received second world war chemical production includes domestic chemicals hazardous substances apart build greenhouse gas emissions atmosphere chemicals particular concern include heavy metals nuclear waste persistent organic harmful chemicals capable synthetic chemicals harmless needs rigorous testing new chemicals countries adverse environmental health effects international legislation established deal global distribution management dangerous goods effects chemical agents needed long term measurements lot legal battles realize danger human health classification toxic agents handle international agency research cancer economic activity produces material classified waste reduce waste industry business government mimicking nature turning waste produced industrial resource encouraged ideas industrial ecology addition established reduce reuse purchasing power ethical european_union expected table end ambitious circular economy package expected include concrete legislative proposals waste management limits land fills economic dimension account concerns specification set actions taken present persons diminish prospects future persons enjoy levels consumption wealth utility welfare comparable enjoyed present persons economics social ecological consequences economic activity economics represents broad interpretation ecological economics environmental ecological issues basic perspective social cultural health related monetary financial aspects integrated analysis concept broader concepts sustained yield welfare resources profit margins present average capita consumption people developing world sustainable population numbers increasing individuals aspiring high consumption western lifestyles developed world population increasing slightly consumption levels challenge curb manage western consumption raising standard living developing world increasing resource use environmental impact strategies technology break link hand economic growth environmental damage resource recent report proposes green economy defined improves human social equity significantly reducing environmental risks ecological favor political perspective works minimize excessive natural capital report makes key findings generates increases wealth particular gain ecological natural capital period years produces higher rate growth link poverty better maintenance conservation ecological arising benefit flows natural capital received directly poor transition green economy new jobs created time exceed losses brown economy jobs period job losses transition requires investment workforce key areas targeted economic analysis reform environmental effects economic growth consequences nature treated economic possibility economics takes greater account social environmental consequences market behavior environmental degradation economic growth historically close economic growth environmental degradation communities grow environment declines trend clearly demonstrated human population numbers economic growth environmental economic growth compared growth cancer eats away earth ecosystem services life support system concern resource use checked modern global civilization follow path ancient collapsed resource base conventional economics concerned largely economic growth efficient allocation resources ecological economics explicit goal sustainable scale continual growth fair distribution efficient allocation order world business council sustainable development states business succeed societies fail economic environmental fields term increasingly context economic production environmental quality way refers ability economy grow corresponding increases environmental pressure ecological economics includes study societal resources enter exit economic system relation environmental quality economy able sustain growth having negative impact environment said exactly extent achieved subject debate international resource panel hosted united_nations environment programme warned human race billion tons minerals fossil year times current rate consumption nations attempts report noted citizens developed countries consume average tons key resources capita ranging tons person developed countries comparison average person india today tons year studies ways reduce resource intensity resource water energy materials needed production consumption disposal unit good service achieved improved economic management product design new technology conflicting views improvements technological efficiency innovation enable complete economic growth environmental degradation hand claimed repeatedly efficiency experts resource use intensity energy materials use unit principle reduced fold allowing continued economic growth increasing resource associated pollution hand extensive historical analysis technological efficiency improvements shown improvements efficiency use energy materials economic growth large rebound effect conservation resulting net increase resource use associated pollution furthermore inherent second law practical limits efficiency improvements example certain minimum material requirements growing food limits making automobiles houses furniture products lighter thinner risk losing necessary functions theoretically practically impossible increase resource use indefinitely equally impossible continued infinite economic growth increase resource environmental pollution economic growth resource degree short run long run consequently long term requires transition steady state economy total remains constant advocated decades ecological economics community different proposed solution partially economic growth environmental degradation restore approach approach views restore fourth component common reduce reuse motto participants efforts encouraged voluntarily donate nature conservation small fraction financial savings experience use resources financial savings normally lead rebound effects theoretical analysis suggests small fraction experienced savings potentially eliminate rebound effects nature economic economic importance nature indicated use expression ecosystem services highlight market relevance increasingly scarce natural world longer regarded unlimited free general service scarce price increases acts restraint encourages technical innovation alternative products applies product service falls market system ecosystem services generally treated economic degraded situation referred tragedy approach dilemma attempt market strategies like incentives permits carbon encouragement payment ecosystem services community associated local exchange trading systems lets gift economy time banking promoted way supporting local economies environment green economics market based attempt address issues equity environment global recession range associated government policies likely bring biggest annual fall world carbon dioxide emissions years economic opportunity treating environment generate short term profit expense sustainable business practices hand integrate ecological concerns social economic ones triple line growth ecosystem services termed growth leads decline quality life growth provide opportunities local businesses example industrial waste treated economic resource wrong place benefits waste reduction include savings disposal costs fewer environmental penalties reduced liability insurance lead increased market share improved public image energy efficiency increase profits reducing costs idea business opportunity led formation organizations consortium society organizational learning sustainable business institute world council sustainable development expansion sustainable business opportunities contribute job creation introduction green collar workers research focusing progressive corporate leaders integrated commercial strategy yielded leadership model led emergence concept embedded defined authors chris incorporation environmental health social value core business trade price quality words social green premium research showed embedded offers seven distinct opportunities business value creation better risk management increased efficiency reduced waste resource use better product new market entrances enhanced brand reputation greater opportunity influence industry standards greater opportunity radical innovation research suggested innovation driven resource result fundamental advantages company products services company strategy right principles innovation applied approach school thought labeled ecological asserts capitalist economic system fundamentally incompatible ecological social requirements theory rests premises capitalism sole economic purpose unlimited capital accumulation hands capitalist class urge accumulate profit motive drives continually expand production creating indefinite economic growth capital tends conditions production ecosystems resources economy depends according analysis giving economic priority human needs staying ecological limits sustainable development demands conflict structural workings capitalism steady state capitalist economy impossible steady state capitalist economy socially undesirable inevitable outcome massive unemployment capitalism overcome revolution run physical limits self logic market based solutions ecological crises ecological economics environmental economics green economy rejected technical confront capitalism structural failures low risk technology science based solutions solar power sustainable agriculture increases energy efficiency seen necessary insufficient high risk technological solutions nuclear power climate engineering entirely rejected attempts businesses practices regarded false advertising pointed implementation technology proposition supply electricity solar power effect opposite reductions resource consumption economic growth sustainable business models triple line viewed morally ignorant tendency capitalism distribution wealth increasingly unequal socially unstable claim general tolerate capitalist governments implement constraints maximum profit preservation conservation measures renders environmental reforms incapable large scale change history teaches capitalism times responded environmental movements certain point system underlying accumulation drive affected resistance environmental demands note event total ecological collapse destruction caused natural disasters generally causes increase economic growth accumulation motivation reduce probability disasters convert sustainable ecological production advocate revolutionary succession capitalism economic political social structure designed human society non human ecology fulfill human needs sufficient solution present day ecological crisis path viewed domain exclusive scientists environmental activists business leaders project involve humanity place nature needs know capitalism solution problem humanity going survive crisis exercised capacity human freedom social struggle order create new world planet social dimension issues generally expressed scientific environmental terms ethical terms implementing change social challenge things international national law urban planning transport local individual lifestyles ethical relationship human rights human development corporate power environmental justice global poverty citizen action suggest responsible global citizenship element simply matters personal consumer moral choice peace security social justice social like war crime corruption divert resources areas greatest human need damage capacity societies plan future generally threaten human environment broad based strategies sustainable social systems include improved education political empowerment women especially developing countries greater regard social justice notably equity rich poor countries equity natural resources including fresh water increases likelihood resource wars aspect referred environmental security creates clear need global environmental agreements manage resources rivers span political boundaries protect shared global systems including oceans atmosphere poverty major achieve poverty widely acknowledged poverty source environmental degradation commission report common future millennium development goals growing realization national governments institutions impossible separate economic development issues environment issues according report poverty major cause effect global environmental problems futile attempt deal environmental problems broader perspective encompasses factors underlying world poverty international inequality individuals living poverty tend rely heavily local ecosystem source basic needs nutrition medicine general population growth continues increase increasing pressure placed local ecosystem provide basic according population fund high fertility poverty strongly world countries highest fertility population growth rates word widely western country development agencies international charities focus poverty efforts ways sustained local populace environment example teaching water treatment poor boiling water generally considered sustainable strategy pet solar water sustainable best practices involve recycling materials use recycled lumber devastated country timber base example sustainable practices poverty use exported recycled materials developed developing countries bridges prosperity use wire rope shipping container cranes act structural wire rope cross rivers poor rural areas asia africa human relationship nature according murray idea humans dominate nature common societies contends capitalism market relationships capacity reduce planet mere resource exploited nature treated human spirit market place paralleled earth capital social ecology founded based conviction nearly humanity present ecological problems originate mere symptoms dysfunctional social arrangements authors proceed ecological problems fixed implementing recommendations stem physical biological economic etc studies claim problems resolved understanding underlying social processes intervening processes applying concepts methods social sciences pure capitalist approach criticized stern review economics climate change effects global warming excerpt greatest example market failure seen deep ecology movement founded establishes principles life earth diversity life forms movement advocates things substantial decrease human population consumption reduction human interference world achieve deep advocate policies basic economic technological ideological structures improve quality life standard living principles obliged necessary change happen concept billion year developed initiate policy consideration earth human structures power fuel needs species example artificial allowing rights nature human settlements approach sustainable living exemplified small scale urban transition towns rural seeks create self reliant communities based principles simple living maximize self particularly food production principles broader scale concept economy approaches utilize based knowledge sharing open source appropriate technology approaches loosely based new successfully reducing environmental impacts altering built environment create preserve sustainable cities support sustainable transport residents compact urban neighborhoods drive fewer miles significantly lower environmental impacts range measures compared living suburbs sustainable architecture recent movement new classical architecture promotes sustainable approach construction develops smart growth architectural tradition classical design contrast modernist globally uniform architecture opposing solitary housing estates suburban trends started 1980s concept circular flow land use management introduced europe promote sustainable land use patterns compact cities reduction land urban large scale social movements influence community choices built environment municipalities movement municipalities systems approach based principles municipality movement involving community members approach sweden cities towns cent municipalities country adopted common set principles implemented systematically municipal operations municipalities united_states american planning association adopted objectives based principles wealth advice available individuals wishing reduce personal social impact environment small inexpensive easily steps transition required reduce global human consumption sustainable limits involves larger changes levels contexts society united_nations recognised central role education declared decade education sustainable development aims challenge adopt new practices secure future worldwide fund nature proposes strategy goes education tackle underlying societal values head strengthen people connections natural world human labor rights application social requires look human labor rights prevention human trafficking human rights risks issues considered production worldwide international community identified industries practices known violate social industries organizations place aid social products services equator principles financial industry fair wear foundation electronics industry citizenship coalition examples organizations initiatives resources available life cycle products producer level green seal cleaning products carpet production labeling organic food united_states topics


flu flu january december unusually deadly involving virus infected million people world including remote pacific islands arctic resulted deaths million percent world population making deadliest natural disasters human history disease greatly limited life early twentieth century considerable spike occurred time specifically year life dropped years kill juvenile elderly weakened patients contrast predominantly killed previously healthy young adults modern research virus taken bodies frozen victims concluded virus kills storm body immune system strong immune reactions young adults ravaged body weaker immune systems children middle aged adults resulted fewer deaths groups historical data inadequate identify geographic origin implicated outbreak 1920s maintain morale wartime early reports illness mortality germany britain france united_states papers free report epidemic effects neutral spain grave illness king creating false impression spain especially hard hit nickname spanish flu spain different nickname adopted naples soldier came musical titled del song premiered madrid epidemic wave play popular musical number naples soldier catchy flu history source investigative work british team led john oxford hospital royal london hospital identified major troop staging hospital camp france certainly center flu significant precursor virus birds pigs kept near earlier epidemic origin varied flu originated east asia leading expert flu asserted virus likely come china united_states near boston spreading brest france europe europe world allied soldiers sailors main considered origin spain kansas brest possible likely historian alfred speculated flu originated kansas popular writer john barry echoed describing county kansas likely point origin political scientist andrew price smith published data austrian archives suggesting earlier origins beginning austria spring historian mark canada memorial university newfoundland states newly unearthed records confirm stories war chinese laborers work british french lines world war western source new report finds archival evidence respiratory illness struck northern china november identified year later chinese health officials identical spanish flu scientific investigation published found evidence virus imported europe chinese southeast asian soldiers workers fact evidence virus circulating european armies months potentially years spread infected person half million virus particles spread close close quarters massive troop movements world war probably increased transmission augmented war increased virus speculate soldiers immune systems weakened stresses combat chemical attacks increasing large factor worldwide occurrence flu increased travel modern transportation systems easier soldiers sailors civilian travelers spread disease united_states disease observed county kansas january prompting local doctor warn public health service academic journal march company cook albert reported sick fort riley kansas noon march soldiers hospital days men camp reported sick march virus reached queens new_york failure measures march april later criticised august strain appeared simultaneously brest france sierra boston massachusetts allies world war came spanish flu primarily received greater press attention moved france spain november spain involved war imposed wartime censorship mortality globe global mortality rate known estimated infected died world population infected case fatality ratio means entire global population died killed million people weeks older estimates killed million people current estimates million people worldwide killed described greatest medical holocaust history killed people black death said flu killed people weeks aids killed years year black death killed century disease killed corner globe million died india population death toll india british ruled districts million japan million people affected died dutch_east_indies indonesia million assumed died million inhabitants population died month similarly population died months population suffered died native american tribes particularly hard hit corners area deaths registered native americans entire village communities perished alaska canada died brazil died including president britain died france west_africa epidemic killed people future emperor contracted survived family subjects estimates fatalities capital city range higher british official estimated native population died huge death toll caused extremely high infection rate extreme severity symptoms suspected caused storms symptoms unusual initially cholera observer wrote striking complications membranes especially nose stomach bleeding ears skin occurred majority deaths pneumonia secondary infection caused virus killed people directly causing massive lung unusually severe disease killed infected opposed usual flu epidemic mortality rate patterns fatality unusual feature killed young adults deaths occurred people nearly half young adults years old mortality rate people decreased fold half mortality rate people deaths occurred people noteworthy normally deadly weak individuals age old age older adults partial protection caused exposure flu known russian flu according historian john barry vulnerable likely likely die pregnant women reported thirteen studies hospitalized women death rate ranged pregnant women survived quarter lost child outbreak widespread summer autumn northern hemisphere usually worse winter modern analysis shown virus particularly deadly storm stronger immune system young adults fast progressing cases mortality primarily pneumonia virus induced consolidation slower progressing cases featured secondary involvement led mental disorders cases deaths resulted study conducted modelling approach study waves tried study factors temporal patterns patterns mortality analysis suggests temporal variations transmission rate provide best explanation variation transmission required generate waves plausible values study simple epidemic model incorporate factors including school opening closing temperature changes course outbreak human changes response outbreak cause waves modelling results showed factors important human responses showed largest effects deadly second wave second wave wave resembled typical flu risk sick elderly younger people recovered easily august second wave began france sierra united_states virus form increased severity attributed circumstances world war civilian life natural selection mild strain ill stay home mildly ill continue lives spreading mild strain trenches natural selection reversed soldiers mild strain stayed severely ill sent crowded trains crowded field hospitals spreading virus second wave began flu quickly spread world consequently modern health officials pay attention virus reaches places social looking strains virus fact recovered wave immune showed strain flu dramatically illustrated copenhagen escaped combined mortality rate wave second wave exposure lethal wave rest population far deadly vulnerable people like soldiers trenches young previously healthy adults devastated communities areas mortality low everyday life hampered communities closed stores required customers leave orders outside reports health care workers tend sick bury dead ill mass graves dug steam bodies buried places pacific island territories particularly hard hit reached new_zealand slow implement measures prevent ships carrying flu leaving ports new_zealand flu reached killing population fiji people worst affected german today independent state occupied new_zealand population infected adult men adult women children died contrast flu kept away american governor john martin imposed blockade new_zealand deaths attributed resulting total population fatality rate affected areas japan deaths attributed july giving estimated mortality rate lower nearly asian countries data available japanese government severely restricted maritime travel home islands struck pacific american french colony new succeeded preventing single death effective australia nearly perished end major region earth reported outbreak isolated island brazil amazon river delta poisoning paper published journal clinical infectious diseases karen proposed poisoning contributed substantially fatalities based reported symptoms dying flu reported post reports available timing big death spike october happened right surgeon general united_states_army journal american medical association recommended large day suggests wave perfect storm events patent expired companies rushed profit greatly increased supply coincided flu symptoms poisoning known time explanation universally high mortality rate hypothesis questioned letter journal published april andrew university california johnson australian commission safety quality health care questioned universal given high mortality rate countries india little access time concluded poisoning hypothesis difficult sustain primary explanation unusual overlooked inexpensive available india places october patent expired responding pointed evidence india argued contributed high indian mortality rate major factor high rates areas factors present india played role end lethal second wave struck late new cases dropped abruptly peak second wave philadelphia example people died week ending october november disappeared city explanation rapid decline disease doctors simply got better preventing treating pneumonia developed victims contracted virus john barry stated book researchers found evidence support theory holds virus extremely rapidly lethal strain common occurrence tendency lethal time hosts dangerous strains tend die legacy academic andrew price smith argument virus helped tip balance power later days war allied cause provides data viral waves hit central powers hit allied powers mortality germany austria considerably higher britain france united_states britain countries despite relatively high mortality rates resulted epidemic spanish flu began fade public awareness decades arrival news bird flu 1990s 2000s led historians label spanish flu forgotten theories spanish flu forgotten include rapid pace killed victims united_states example period months resulting limited media coverage general population familiar patterns disease late 19th early 20th centuries yellow fever cholera occurred near time probably significance public areas flu reported mention advertisements claiming cure addition outbreak coincided deaths media focus world war explanation involves age group affected disease majority fatalities war epidemic young adults deaths caused flu overlooked large numbers deaths young men war result injuries people read saw war postwar deaths deaths particularly europe war toll extremely high flu great separate psychological impact mere extension war duration war played role disease usually affect certain area month leaving war initially expected end quickly lasted years time struck left little time disease significant impact economy final issue spanish flu outbreak world effects global economy businesses entertainment service industries suffered losses revenue health care industry reported profit gains historian nancy argued combined increasing number women attending college contributed success women field nursing failure medical doctors predominantly men contain prevent illness nursing staff predominantly women felt inclined celebrate success patient care inclined identify spread disease work spain sources period explicitly linked spanish flu cultural figure don juan nickname flu naples soldier adopted song del protagonist stock don juan type davis argued spanish flu don juan connection served function allowing sense epidemic experience interpreting familiar template don juan story spanish flu research origin spanish flu relationship near simultaneous humans controversial hypothesis virus strain originated fort riley kansas fort bred food soldiers sent fort riley world spread disease similarities reconstruction virus combined human preceding reports led researchers conclude virus jumped directly birds humans caught disease humans disagreed recent research suggested strain originated species estimated date appearance hosts period ancestor virus diverged biological groups gave rise classical human common ancestor human strains dates february april pigs readily infected humans suggested original recipients virus passing virus humans effort recreate flu strain strain collaboration armed forces institute southeast research laboratory mount school medicine new_york_city effort resulted announcement october group successfully determined virus genetic sequence historic tissue samples recovered female flu victim buried samples preserved american soldiers january reported infected recreated strain exhibited classic symptoms died storm immune system explain flu surprising effect younger people person stronger immune system potentially stronger september body british politician diplomat sir mark study flu virus efforts understand genetic structure modern bird flu buried lead coffin scientists hoped helped preserve virus coffin found split weight soil badly nonetheless samples lung brain tissue taken split coffin remaining grave process december research university wisconsin linked presence specific genes termed derived flu samples ability flu virus invade lungs cause pneumonia combination triggered similar symptoms animal testing june team mount school medicine reported flu provided cross protection flu strain things known certain years laboratory exclusively disease human beings air research modeling group characterizes historic estimates effects similar occurring today air flu model model modern day spanish flu event result additional life insurance losses usd billion united_states deaths united_states popular culture film film world war reference television resurrection uses episode aired november explanation returned getting sick disappearing season british drama upstairs dies spanish flu husband james survives injuries great war world war funeral takes place november day war ends season british drama abbey dies spanish flu april fiancé matthew recovers injuries temporary great war twentieth century fiction includes novels flu major theme anne porter pale horse pale rider thomas town earth thomas look angel play presence threat flu tragedy ultimately causes major element plot play film flu internet movie database released subsequently edited broadcast pbs miniseries story marriage gallery


women china study impact women china examines role status chinese women relative political cultural changes taken place 20th century consequence refers interaction integration people products cultures governments nations globe fostered trade investment information technology affected women rights gender hierarchy china aspects domestic life marriage workplace changes altered quality life availability opportunities women different modern process dynamics gender ideological principles held ruling political regime imperial era dominated social philosophy orient ideals emphasized morality character social relationship status quo preached humanity equality people neo imperial leaders beliefs social hierarchy particularly family setting physical social oppression women chinese government began global community late 19th early 20th century shifted away conventional ideals women role society changed established people republic china change traditional gender roles came death marked beginning current communist administration influx international communications areas commerce politics social ideals 1980s new communist_party women rights movement gained momentum national issue sign modernization rural areas women traditionally work alongside family produce crops like tea rice urban areas women work factories living away home factory workers young girls send income families help maintain rights women factories labor unions organizations built homes women care children cook western bias western scholarship historically ideas characterize traditional chinese beliefs largely constructed basis ideological political widely accepted despite early european writings pertaining chinese women produced missionaries conclusion 19th century goal missionaries china highlighting weakness provided work belief prompted scholars use female means western ideas chinese culture principles 1970s feminist movements forming began affect literature surrounding women china studies chinese women period concerned women liberation sympathetic feminist movement sentiment largely influenced topics research shift perspective focus discourse remained oppression studies examined issues foot binding literature formulated feminist writers myth weak woman works provided new bias articulated believed chinese women universally line thinking illustrates cultural superiority inherently felt western women writings chinese woman rarely account differences time ethnicity class region age preferring describe status women static fixture chinese culture despite political geographic boundaries defined different regions economic social changes occurred history history female oppression traditional roles han dynasty modern period scholars rulers developed male dominated society china root development society china emphasized sexes roles family continued dynasty girls taught young age fathers husbands later sons song dynasty scholars developed tradition restrictions females including foot binding girls young age married life traditional chinese marriage system organized parents groom bride order obtain alliances families ensure family line types marriages emerged late dynasty marriages chinese woman main function produce children marriage called capture marriage groom prospective bride house dusk kidnap second type marriage called purchase marriage women paid husbands women purchased husband possession traded sold type marriage arranged marriage accomplished acted families marriage deemed unacceptable husband right dissolve marriage married woman role home depended social rank prime mission married women regardless social status bear son order carry family addition married woman laws parents marriage law issued founding people republic china declared abolition feudal marriage system characterized arranged forced marriage male superiority disregard interests children law asserted rights adults divorce embraced free choice marriage helped transfer power older younger generations fourth movement new culture movement began china following unsuccessful activities revolution establish republican government continued 1920s fourth movement took place demonstration led students national university government protested abolition changes traditional value system believed solution china problems adopt western notions equality democracy movement stressed group efforts propaganda women involved numerous collective tasks publication drama production fund raising helped gain social contact men win respect domestic life chinese woman foot binding foot binding process arch woman feet broken toes wrapped foot create smaller looking foot acute arch flesh seen attractive men practice passed marriage mother daughter generations special shoes small size women feet process painful confined women rooms lower class women able feet bound needed able walk normally accomplish house work bound feet came indication high class wealth women chinese male period recognized liberation chinese women necessary sake humiliation china gone international level turned chinese women naturally foot binding recognized national shame people found problem disappeared raging anti campaigns 1890s 1900s new government came revolution banned foot binding practice started disappear coastal areas practice popular interior areas china till 1930s 1950s practice outlawed multiple times inception 13th century finally banned communists came power trafficking women women sold gangs women kidnap transport young women girls large distances homes papers documentation taken women purchased men bar leaving home fear women escaping women feel sense duty family committed children means escape practice banned government communists came power men buy wives subject time jail convicted trafficking women face execution communism typical family men capability pass family carry lineage ancestors women expected communist regime changed structure chinese society economic reform structure chinese family altered olds old ideas old habits old customs old cultures discouraged replaced communist ideology particularly cultural revolution economy shifted total government control chances private property communal property destroyed clan based systems great effect motivation workers family traditional social structure degraded cultural revolution red guards turned members family sought class enemies sent education ultimately resulting loss family ties women elevated equal status men series laws prohibited practices arranged marriages child marriage laws women enjoyed joint property marriage file divorce result communist rule china social status women improved greatly women empowered work outside home communist rule brought end practices foot binding child marriages prostitution arranged marriages china seen decrease domestic violence government supported programs counter practices women rural areas remain largely population control reform period communist regime china regulated birth control party abortion created public birth control study groups push limit immediate effect population child policy implemented effect today instance population control prevalence female child policy families want boy girl 1980s roughly female killed year preference male children advancement technologies help find sex addition female girls abandoned families stops receiving education legal benefits government offered methods controlling population resulted huge gender gap china chinese women workplace history working women imperial era women prohibited having official positions women hold positions time women underwent foot prevented sorts physical labor held jobs required minimal physical activity like domestic producing sell use rule chinese women needed manual labor farming urban compensate hard work provided access education politics chinese government supported women education percentage girls attending school compared people republic chinese government tried decrease women promoting adult schools gone years communist rule women discrimination decreasing jobs real decision making power present day employed chinese women receive money work chinese government great efforts achieve high level economic status women founding people republic rate employed women risen chinese women account work force account women work force world rural areas key role women farming maintain ownership main sources production rural areas traditional china women allowed land land inherited sons son family taken close male relative populated areas women agricultural work men shifting cultivation populated areas men work women extensive cultivation busy periods planting transporting harvesting women brought field work working house female involvement high double rice area women play role tea cultivation types work women perform countryside include pig spinning weaving basket making type work agricultural income urban areas china economic policies laid basis drive export oriented development reliance low wage manufacturing produce consumer goods world market young women left homes rural settings work urban industrial areas work included export oriented manufacturing electronics toy assembly production mixed assembly industry hong_kong cities established centers export oriented women workers million people private sector employers reluctant hire women chinese law requires employer cover leave costs reasons labor recent phenomenon migration rural chinese workers began regulations permanent residence registration allowed people find employment people left rural areas escape poverty females left lack local opportunities women cities women find new low paid factory based jobs require highly skilled workers according national statistics ratio male female workers averages estimated million women work cities hong_kong million workers females special economic zone district females comprised workforce average age young female workers preferred older females males reasons married women mobile female workers younger likely single male counterparts young rural women preferred jobs primarily likely pregnant able willing withstand longer working hours fingers experienced asking statutory rights cases women sign contracts stating pregnant period employment interest family rural females sent find urban employment male counterparts mainly supplement income home support males likely attend college male standard education china higher particularly family financial stress females likely drop school generate income family females lesser impact family long term financial stability rights opportunities development consequently unequal new system allowed rural residents migrate allow change residence accept benefits cities resulted growing population laborers minimal benefits residency including medical care housing education migrants particularly educated younger women unaware rights today migrants work contracts violation chinese labour law degradation women factory workers known working girls traditionally young women migrants experience labor market informal low wage employment sectors workers export oriented factories receive minimum wage minimum overtime pay pay meals lodging factory pay fines breaking factory rules average daily wage hour day toy factory mid-1990s usd women workers conditions create maximum surplus appropriation workers daily lives revolve factory production dependent regional economy state local china federation trade unions legitimate forum worker representation right form unions state sanctioned women workers find hard effectively gain suitable rights treatment factory management statistics people university migrants work contracts directly violating chinese labour law according workers owed billion wages organizations attempting assist female workers training education labor related rights legal begun assist female migrants filing claims employers local labor case female worker exploitation factory beijing resulted management pay women filing complaints collaboration center women law studies legal services beijing university women received wages compensation relations workers employers represent immediate need manufacturing plants large quantities low wage laborers young workers face relocating long distances life factory hiring single young women serve needs management employment young females allow management exhibit maximum control authority labor force compared older women male workers young single women susceptible authority demands management common manipulation factory family owners managers suggests workers hold status factory environment uneven power relations inside factory result demands management personal services women workers hair washing sex


walking dead second episode second season post apocalyptic horror television series walking dead initially aired united_states october episode written directed episode andrew lincoln shane jon rush save life son discover possible haven process production commenced georgia high school early july attaining approval city_council county school system episode featured guest appearances scott wilson emily taylor recurring actors actresses series received television critics praised character development episode airing gained million viewers garnered rating demographic according nielsen ratings plot flashback sarah wayne talking mothers fight husband andrew lincoln partner shane jon pulls police cruiser tells severely wounded highway shootout tells son news causing break tears present accidentally shot man named taylor hunting deer brings shane named scott wilson works farm hand lives daughters emily boyfriend jimmy james allen wife jane treats reveals bullet broken fragments donate blood order alive carol norman searching carol daughter madison gunshot highway believes dog contracted blood infection wound received previous episode search fail find home reveals needs major surgery live need suggests find supplies nearby high school federal emergency management agency set trailer place likely overrun shane decide supplies group brings home discuss walker epidemic believes cure faith group searching returns highway reveals bag containing dog shane retrieve supplies spotted choice high school production written directed june announced scott wilson taylor appear second season recurring characters interview guide gale anne explained wilson character served figure group continued great sense humanity unique according scott wilson cast tremendous scope stated character daughter woman twenties eventually romantic interest added interview philadelphia daily_news christian sheltered background preparation role spent months los_angeles california work dialect coach emily joined cast younger daughter half sister principal photography commenced georgia high school july approval received city_council county school system site preparation initiated july filming began gymnasium school period days july july location temporarily renovated mirror abandoned federal emergency management agency camp michael riley production manager episode contacted police department collaborate producers large size filming location riley production company notified surrounding neighborhoods avoid begins flashback relationship romantically linked shane interview entertainment_weekly robert asserted speaks shane relationship early days continued lot people think shane clear villain bad thing analyze situation good guy right thing turn working driving crazy wanted tragic figure villainous figure series unfortunate situations led slowly losing world time showing concern cares thought good thing scene road reveals plastic bag drug originally kept hiding crew bringing aid dog rising fever bag explains occasionally catches blue leading reference famous blue prepared walter white television series breaking bad interview talking dead stated scene little easter egg fans reception ratings broadcast october united_states episode received million viewers attained rating demographic according nielsen ratings encore presentation gained additional million viewers garnered rating demographic highest rated program basic cable night second highest rated program week basic cable scoring higher season finale jersey shore garnering game miami new_york jets nfl season total viewership ratings episode moderately previous episode lies ahead watched million viewers attained rating demographic according nielsen ratings critical response episode received television critics writer harrison gave episode rating opined episode home run episode series harrison continued central conflict intense action solid new arrivals engaging characters right light gore heavy drama like sunday night zombie adventures scott atlantic gave episode positive review deeming improvement previous episode appreciated episode opened new plot points future episodes come wrote bare minimum walking dead exciting final moments provides action echoing similar sentiments catherine daily_telegraph gave episode stars compared second season premiere opining episode shortage story joe commended opening sequence episode praised performances lincoln wrote andrew lincoln jon gave fine bit acting found interesting character started looking walking little bit giving blood scenes men moving listened close main differences cowboy bound determined wife let know son mortal danger ability successfully complete mission shane hand automatically heroic conclusion gave grade ign gave episode signaling great response stated improvement episode great scare moment cliffhanger similarly paste jackson gave episode rating signifying rating steve west cinema blend expressed superior previous episode opining character strengthening episode continued threads immensely important green farm television critics enthusiastic episode zack_handlen club felt episode inferior previous episode deeming tedious wrote step week focused conversations want find way characters right conversations bland providing new information hey suck son shot concluding review handlen gave episode grade time stated episode titled surprisingly little night got instead emotion frustration entries clear wants strike balance gore humanity andrew chicago_tribune unhappy episode expressed disappointment low zombie sequences writing bit relief department like walker minutes


judge jury judge jury eleventh episode second season post apocalyptic horror television series walking dead originally aired united_states march episode andrew lincoln group opt execute michael frustration fears group losing humanity prompts persuade group members protest consensus going far steal norman gun harass walker ultimately initiate grave consequences group judge jury directed written angela explores themes declining morality humanity catastrophic event episode features death severely injured attack walker marks changes character development character loses world judge jury features recurring appearances actors actresses including emily scott wilson michael commentators praised episode citing character development concluding scene episode highlights airing judge jury attained million viewers rating demographic according nielsen ratings highest rated cable telecast day highest rated cable program week plot michael beaten interrogated norman barn reveals group composed thirty heavily armed men found raped female teenagers camping father forcing watch attack subsequently convinces group poses imminent threat andrew lincoln concluded executed protect group leaves act sunset final decision learns group come consensus favor decision kill dismayed unsuccessfully tries convince abandon plans set poor example son gains similar responses agrees guard barn shane jon scott wilson indifferent matter approached follow decision believes pose threat daughters emily safety opinion meaningless looks shane later encounters shane proposes successfully convinces group restless ultimately barn sees attempts persuade release discovering interaction shane angrily going barn warning prisoner carol attempts cheer mentioning heaven insults believing heaven ventures takes pistol possessions armed woods encounters walker stuck creek bed throwing rocks later moves closer range shoot head suddenly walker manages free leg tries attack loses pistol narrowly escapes returning report entire incident recovered earlier suicide attempt comes check condition gives family representing approval relationship later group meets discuss fate arguments humanity civilization morality fails sway members storms shane barn prepares shoot enters urges father horrified puts revolver causing shane storm disappointment walks fields encounters dying cow discovers realizing danger turns walker screams alert group walker manages rip open abdomen mortally wounds arrival walker dispatched group distraught condition shocked walker injured encountered earlier forest informs injuries severe survive group comes quick consensus prepares shoot head unable takes revolver delivers final shot end suffering production judge jury directed written angela episode directing credit length television episode series previously conceived directed web series walking dead torn apart promotional campaign cast member norman participated live chat entertainment_weekly coinciding airing judge jury episode addresses death attacked ripped open walker writer robert felt character morality humanity judge jury explores themes related declining morality individuals catastrophic event proclaimed death occasion ultimately marking turning point future development walking dead character heart soul definitely moral compass guy warning people careful let world change monitoring lengths people going survive loss going mean great deal characters definitely going represent turn darker space death means lot added difficult release cast stated heartbreaking lose given lot seasons amazing work know awesome definitely going miss contrast role television series comic book counterpart longest surviving characters series enters sexual relationship asserted necessary writers distance development television character comic talked times like difference comics going big plot lines necessarily like romance think want read story line available comics highly recommend pick going different animal decision kill big wasn lightly visibly distraught shoot takes gun inevitably shoots head hollywood reporter suggested producers subtly building prior moment felt marked place group closure deceased death caused pull away interacting group actions putting line opening way childhood found dead barn time retreated separated group allowed care big way didn want group emotions care people point seeing people need fill role harsh distant guy things wants wants step burden away moment stepped shot saw pain loss couldn sees thing knows moment prove worth steps needs judge jury character ultimately world entertainment_weekly writer clark drew parallels serial killer suggested initiative screen time character fun characters tell stories world continued true comic true time going start kid awesome think like grow world thing know taken away deal world live barely recognized world works expect thrust apocalyptic threat grow mature kinds situations going grow weird like reception ratings judge jury originally broadcast march united_states airing episode garnered million viewers rating demographic according nielsen ratings indicates people demographic viewed episode highest rated cable telecast day attaining significantly higher ratings storage wars television real atlanta similarly episode cable television programs week dated march total viewership ratings declined moderately previous installment miles obtained million viewers rating demographic critical response judge jury lauded television critics mark boston herald called incredible episode walking dead proves best dramas makes feel good paying cable bill writing san_antonio express news opined delivers drama true gut end series core characters stated judge jury audience finally reason shed tears remember care original gang apocalyptic kevin christian science monitor online journalist concluded episode managed effectively surprise audience declared judge jury inferior predecessor writing served bunch quasi entertaining scenes people arguing capped accidentally funny committed basic cable review zack_handlen club said episode continued series path focused central direction jackson paste intrigued series exploration morality apocalyptic event judge jury ign episode general consensus rating review called especially dull compared previous installment death commentators affirmed emotional scene scott atlantic suggested death walking dead embraced dark sinister philosophy asserted taken broadly death marks death certain morality embrace philosophy darker unlike survivors maintained humanity end waking life couldn choose come world utterly incapable getting better sign things certainly worse los_angeles_times echoed synonymous thoughts left shoot man end suffering profoundly bad raise concerns right zombie apocalypse zombie apocalypse fear future walker infested world handlen calgary herald thought shocking moments series expressed awesome attack filled sadness original gang watched friend die slow painful death handlen remarked shocking scene partially straight forward gore partially expression face right kind sequence needs little sense danger right gay newsday described sequence violent ultimately absence felt progresses professed writers written respectable way wasn way character quality ability guilt everybody paying lip service rule law weakness having escaping kill offered poetic symmetry going miss character deserved better send time journalist drew allusions attack episode title commenting lone zombie episode tears open stomach contents body cold ground reminded judges jury particular brutal shocked sequence earlier development episode opining handlen felt character development stable similar developments episode resolve episode plot making semi responsible death satisfying serves reminder talk group idea impact choices likewise jackson ryan mtv noticed darker transition character moral compass greatly shifted shot seeing walking corpse friend asserted jackson concluded episode highlights writing awakened coma talking beautiful dead body way barn door colder harder carol sees tries comfort talk heaven calls idiot looking emulate men leading group different kinds displayed father shane finds chance test bravery playing near zombie stuck mud creek keeping discovery jackson commented reaction death saying despite gradual change dark nature realizes kid


lies ahead lies ahead episode second season post apocalyptic horror television series walking dead originally aired united_states october written series developer frank pseudonym series creator robert directed episode andrew lincoln leads group fort georgia encounter herd zombies colloquially referred madison goes missing search group formed lies ahead episode written fired july previewed san_diego comic con international san_diego july production commenced june unlike season principal photography lies ahead took place outside city limits atlanta georgia filming took place henry county georgia airing segments announced broadcast including internet series live hosted chris lies ahead received television critics said strong start season ratings similarly positive united_states broke record watched drama history basic cable attaining million viewers worldwide averaged rating television markets plot destruction center disease control atlanta andrew lincoln survivors decide travel fort group consists wife sarah wayne son carol daughter madison shane jon dog douglas norman leaving tries time contact morgan jones james tells safe doesn reach group encounters blockade abandoned vehicles breaks try repair vehicle rest search food water clothing large herd appears distance prompting survivors seek shelter abandoned vehicles trapped bathroom walker discovers hands opening truck roof uses walker dog arm attracting trail blood rescues stabbing walker hide nearby corpses scent protects spot hiding car chase woods pursues catches urges seek refuge hole near escapes continue clear blockade cars shane tells plans leave group accord fail track search temporarily called frantic distraught carol blames losing guilt feels search resumes morning argues requesting gun search claiming decision stay deprived choice end life terms group arrives church kills inside afterward carol inside pray carol begs forgiveness safe recovery shane arguing plans leave tells willing tension questions position leader group decides church pray altar statue jesus stands asks god sign making right decisions shane discover deer woods initially awe takes rare sighting sign petitioned god approaches deer gun fired bullet passes deer hits stomach faith shattered rushes severely injured son production background early concept season premiere frank allegedly result budget cuts initial idea episode long flashback illustrating fall atlanta mission doomed soldier loses team influenced american war film black hawk travel maybe dozen blocks said simple journey starts scenario goes city secured holy shit lost control world ending episode introduced characters including amy emma bell concluding scene tied pilot episode days gone bye says episode shows soldier dying hidden tank shot shot reprise episode season idea tell soldier story zombie story samuel cast soldier pilot backstory eventually frustrated story rejection questioned need budget cut ultimately premiere written filmed begin events season brief flashback scene shane witnessing fall atlanta distance appear season filming announced second season walking dead mainly produced outside city limits atlanta georgia principal photography lies ahead took place unincorporated henry county georgia june stretch georgia state route closed traffic purpose june promotional image released described scene moment standing stretch post apocalypse interstate georgia abandoned cars principal photography episode resumed energy performing arts centre georgia depicted headquarters neighboring roads closed hours production moved nearby office park commenced period sixteen hours scene later cut season premiere prior broadcast interview entertainment_weekly series creator robert said editing certain things got left cutting room floor editing lies ahead extended premiere result decision combine originally designed episodes season led original episode titled miles discarded reason premiere contains dual credits writer director miles written showrunner frank directed alumnus season began immediately season finale left group departing destroyed soon shane finds left tires trying catch foot nearly overrun multitude rescued nick time rest group having noticed shane absence convoy shane reveals despite slow tire knowledge informs decision temporarily leave group decides look refuge gang atlanta nursing home encountered episode arrive find location overrun entire group dead clearing area spend night group observes people killed execution style human likely intended governor resolving let guard group decides try reach fort alternative proposed shane prior season final version episode narration scene speaking morgan included shot modified dialog served replace material allowing premiere begin group putting atlanta sports sheriff wardrobe original version wearing white wearing season finale miles likely meant end returning highway break news carol went missing final version group informed search woods underway following commercial break estimated minutes original episode appears final cut balance premiere consisting second episode written robert directed deleted scenes miles appear bonus material season dvd include events leading shane rescue original rooftop monologue footage seen comic con trailer original title seen early marketing material season decision original premiere lies ahead following tradition established pilot miles taken title issue second volume graphic novel season dvd commentary robert described decision premiere dramatic way decision agreed producers premiere event push story forward reports time suggested situation result strife frank deemed footage episode network looking ongoing conflict showrunner budget cuts ultimately fired episodes production credited writer premiere pseudonym directed episodes series knowing time referring deleted scenes andrew lincoln told entertainment_weekly remember going set season premiere seeing couple prop guys looked gave gun went know episode kill zombies season actually counted kills came time taking courtyard scene added wasn plotted got sent zombies stabbing bit touch time time similarly brown actor plays gave interview referred possible participation season premiere ultimately screen marketing lies ahead heavily promoted months premiere minute trailer released san_diego comic con international july minute preview broadcast july premiere breaking bad kills zombies rock internet series broadcast october showed events zombie outbreak perspective woman named hannah appeared episode day screening lies ahead commenced theatre los_angeles premiere episode live titled talking dead broadcast hosted chris episodes walking dead feature executive producer showrunner july stepped showrunner initial reports suggested unable adjust schedule running television series later confirmed fired reduced budget strained relationship executives addition main cast reprised role carol reprised role dog madison reprised role promoted recurring cast norman reception ratings lies ahead broadcast united_states october received million viewers attained rating breaking record watched drama history cable television received second highest viewership week ending october scoring higher jersey shore nfl season game detroit lions chicago bears lies ahead achieved similar feats attaining rating translating million viewers demographic according nielsen ratings demographic garnered million viewers total viewership encore presentations million viewers increase series premiere days gone bye got million viewers initial airing viewership demographic showed similar increases having nearly doubled series premiere episode received similar response international markets premiered countries thirty languages total viewership million average rating television markets broadcast spain october estimated viewers nearly demographic total viewership increased previous season premiere episode broadcast received viewers achieved rating demographic estimated viewers demographic making second highest rated week total viewership mexico increased previous season premiere translating highest rated program night pay television highest rated pay television program night timeslot colombia attaining viewers achieving rating demographic viewers italy highest rated program men demographic second viewed program timeslot episode performance sparked reactions executives series broadcasting ceo fox international channels commented walking dead gone phenomenon numbers came week combined launch results told virus control charlie president felt walking dead rarity successfully reached core audience fanbase saying walking dead watched drama history basic cable like zombies critical response lies ahead met general acclaim television critics los_angeles_times felt series best installment calling thrilling heart similar sentiments echoed jackson paste gave episode rating entertainment_weekly liked called casual atmosphere opening scene described ending daring ign felt episode got second season strong start gave episode great rating hank washington_post found pace episode previous ones adding subtle immediate effect making walking dead predictable frightening daily commended episode deeming good praised performances described strongest characters david approved special effects commended highway sequence saying sequence humans hide wrecked cars freeway able feet flesh past classic nail david daily_news gave lies ahead stars expressed view walking dead new management kept rhythm moving easily bursts intense violence long stretches psychological hollywood reporter writer tim concurred minutes skill wrote bringing viewers story missing beat adding immediate depth characters suspense plus expanding emotional palette series star review john weekly liked personal dynamics critics enthusiastic episode zack_handlen club gave grade praised horror sequences episode called character development wrote fine job working restrictions handful absolutely notch set pieces lies ahead starting attack highway forever alex daily felt entertaining plot lacked needed rush energy gave stars likewise nick cinema blend wrote won got bored episode left far tense awards episode won creative arts emmy award primetime emmy awards outstanding prosthetic makeup series miniseries movie special second award category series gregory team awarded season premiere days gone bye


save save episode second season post apocalyptic horror television series walking dead aired united_states october episode written scott directed episode shane jon taylor desperately attempt flee walker infested high school order deliver supplies dying norman continue search madison production episode occurred july high school georgia receiving approval city_council county school system save critically acclaimed television critics praised storyline episode conclusion initial airing watched million viewers garnered rating demographic according nielsen ratings plot shane jon taylor missing hours scott wilson informs andrew lincoln wife sarah wayne perform surgery son necessary equipment norman search madison following mother carol loss tells childhood expresses hope successfully locate abandoned encountering walker process person committed suicide hanging tree insists leave walker firmly refuses asks wants continue living uncertainty returning camp walker returning camp attempts reconcile returning dog journey home arrival begins pray fellow survivors dog receives medical treatment blood poisoning goes consciousness briefly recalls lies ahead going seizure distraught ending suffering insists keeping alive high school shane split struggling shane leg attempting jump second story window hurts leg jumping retracted shane seemingly options survival begin truck eventually running low decide operation necessary equipment prepare operation shane arrives medical supplies claims sacrificed order save later revealed shane actually betrayed shooting leg leaving bait episode ends shane head evidence production similar preceding episode principal photography save commenced georgia high school july receiving approval city_council county school system site preparation initiated july filming began gymnasium school period days july july location temporarily renovated mirror abandoned federal emergency management agency camp michael riley production manager episode contacted police department collaborate producers large size filming location riley production company notified surrounding neighborhoods ease save marked final appearance taylor character killed episode shane shoots subsequently marks turning point false protagonist interview entertainment_weekly writer robert explained reaction jon particular scene jon tremendous talent got lot lot actors came room starting season actors aware lot things coming talked character planned season board lot nice able run scenarios opinion perceived character actors lot times think characters writers focused single character months lives years prepared expressed death somewhat homicide slowing life hangs balance continued walking dead existing gray area pushing boundaries end day shane shot guy left dead ran pretty dark moment informs shane character sets lot things going happening moving forward reception ratings save originally broadcast october united_states viewed million viewers attained rating demographic according nielsen ratings episode highest rated program day garnering considerably higher ratings stock car racing event nascar sprint cup series espn iron chef food network similarly episode second highest rated cable program week dated october attaining significantly higher ratings wwe raw scoring considerably lower game baltimore jacksonville nfl season total viewership ratings save moderately declined previous episode viewed million viewers received rating demographic critical response save critically acclaimed television critics ign praised episode giving signifying amazing rating opined favorite episode series pilot episode days gone bye added scary zombie scenes good action interesting character interaction revelation end gave lot process john grand press split save asserting felt episode criticized dialogue wrote continues display dialogue compared development characters needs better job time crowd pleasing zombie attacks hitfix alan_sepinwall echoed similar thoughts opining characters need depth setting slow burning character study context zombie apocalypse chase scenes folks want brain eating action characters need complex shown far baltimore sun journalist andrew commended episode citing episodic pace faster preceding episode mtv opined tonight episode pairs shane soldiers parents odds handle son failing condition strangers desperate connection trying find reason great scenes goes fantastic walking dead cast loud quiet moments zack_handlen club awarded episode grade felt episode superior previous episode contrast aaron wall_street_journal enthusiastic episode expressing truth told episodes little happened far season fanatic sean asserted despite having direction save managed retain tension action makes thrill ride week added sure slow pace real time bother adds intensity characters situation ultimately gave episode stars similarly morgan digital_spy stated episode strongest installment season series best installments critics praised character development shane episode execution time felt dark moment series felt added anticipation future development wrote point shane come clean happened given extremely rigid morale sic code shane demonstrated willingness takes survive showdown promises bigger battle alpha males shane divide battle leaders different ideas humanity survival mark star-ledger opined multi layered opening illustrates shane nature makes valuable ruthless warrior handlen appreciated character development shane writing shane long dark horse group likely morality reservation reveal works bring closer darkness moment given friendly cool given working strong twist added death sense direction decision sacrifice easy somebody sake shane faster probably weren going beauty certain light right choice morgan wrote week installment delivered usual shane escape high school tense