hindi pronunciation jewel india highest civilian award republic india instituted award conferred recognition exceptional service performance highest order distinction race occupation position sex award originally limited achievements arts literature science public services government expanded criteria include field human december recommendations prime minister president maximum nominees awarded year recipients receive certificate signed president leaf shaped monetary grant associated award recipients rank seventh indian order precedence recipients politician philosopher scientist honoured award bestowed individuals including awarded posthumously original statutes provide posthumous awards amended january permit prime minister individual honoured posthumously cricketer aged youngest recipient social reformer awarded 100th birthday usually conferred india born citizens awarded citizen mother non indians pakistan national khan khan south african president nelson december indian government announced award independence activist posthumously prime minister personal civil honours briefly suspended july january change national government second time august december public interest challenged constitutional validity awards government decision award posthumously opposed refused accept fact death including members extended family following supreme_court decision press announcing award cancelled time award announced conferred award met criticism posthumous awards considered aimed voters upcoming assembly elections posthumous awards drew criticism died award instituted history january press released office secretary president announcing creation civilian awards highest civilian award tier classified class class class iii rank january reclassified different awards highest followed formal provision recipients indian citizens awarded indian citizen mother non indians khan khan pakistan south african president nelson age youngest person athlete receive honour special ceremony april awarded 100th birthday award conferred people posthumous award briefly suspended twice history suspension occurred sworn fourth prime minister government withdrew personal civil honours july suspension rescinded january prime minister civilian awards suspended public interest filed high_court high_court challenging constitutional validity awards awards reintroduced supreme_court december following conclusion litigation regulations conferred recognition exceptional service performance highest order distinction race occupation position sex award originally confined arts literature science public services regulations december rules changed include field human statutes allow posthumous awards subsequently modified january statute recipient honoured posthumously formal nomination process recommendations award prime minister president maximum number nominees awarded year individuals awarded honour recipient receives certificate signed president monetary grant terms article constitution recipients use award prefix recipients use expressions awarded president recipient award indicate honoured award holders rank seventh indian order precedence official announcements recipients announced registered gazette india publication released department publication ministry urban development official government notices publication gazette award considered official recipients awards revoked restored require authority president registered gazette recipients awards revoked required surrender medals names struck register specifications original specifications award circle gold inches diameter centred sun burst design text script inscribed upper edge silver set lower edge platinum state emblem india placed centre reverse national motto truth script inscribed silver lower edge year later design modified current medal shape leaf approximately inches long inches wide inch thick platinum sun burst design platinum medal diameter inch rays spreading inch inch center sun words remained design emblem india reverse inch wide white ribbon attached medal worn neck silver decoration changed bronze medals produced mint civilian military awards like controversies surrounded controversies multiple public interest filed award january press release published president award posthumously decision triggered criticism filed calcutta high_court award took objection award posthumous mention saying personality higher award ridiculous act classify person past future recipients said award conferred posthumously government officially accepted death august requested whereabouts august till date based information collected committee commission family members expressed accept award deliver judgement supreme_court formed special division bench judge solicitor general noted award appropriate regulations pertaining recipient published gazette india entered recipients register maintained direction president noted announcement press government proceeded award publishing gazette entering register furthermore presidents conferred certificate signature seal august supreme_court delivered order award officially conferred revoked declared press treated cancelled court declined pass judgement posthumous mention death civilian awards titles filed high courts high_court february high_court bench august pal questioned civilian awards titles interpretation article constitution august high_court issued notice temporarily civilian awards special division bench supreme_court formed comprising judges december special division bench restored awards delivered judgement awards titles article constitution following announcement november awarded multiple filed challenging award filed declared indian scientists contributed claim publishing research papers physically impossible suit stated proven cases presented award filed election commission right information act indicated awarding violation model code conduct noted indian national congress nominated member decision award influence voters delhi election process underway time filed ministers alleging conspiracy ignore indian field hockey player december election commission rejected petition stating award people non polling states violation code high courts rejected petitions raised criticism prime minister conferred posthumously film actor chief minister tamil bid influence voters prior tamil assembly elections decision criticised awarding independence activist bestowed honour respectively accused lobbying award decision posthumously honour considered aimed tamil voters tamil assembly elections seventh prime minister criticised posthumously posthumous award recipients died indian independence award instituted criticised historians noted lead demands honour people like emperor emperor emperor nobel hindu monk independence activist prime minister criticised award years death went missing august similarly incumbent prime minister decision award died met criticism politician indian national congress said worked predominantly deliberately chosen prime minister incumbent member parliament criticised personalities received global recognition award mother announced year awarded nobel peace prize ray received academy honorary award followed year awarded year nobel memorial prize economic sciences award proposed president prime minister agreed proposal popular demands statutes recommendations award prime minister president demands political parties honour leaders january party leader wrote prime minister recommending predecessor award immediately followed communist_party india lobbying leader chief minister west india longest serving chief minister said decline honour awarded similar demands telugu party party respective leaders ram september regional political party demanded award independence activist stating deliberately neglected previous governments family clarified making demand freedom fighter known contribution independence movement need award recognition original statutes eligible revision rules december eligible field human subsequently names discussed talked field hockey player recommended multiple times posthumous honour members parliament recommended award prime minister office january ministry youth affairs sports time summer olympics gold shooter earlier recommended award national rifle association india july ministry recommended november cricketer sports person receive honour garnered criticism government filed high_court requested court issue direction ministry home affairs consider representation dated october january counsel appearing noted multiple representations provided information recommendations award received multiple times past prime minister office division bench comprising chief justice justice dismissed petition stating subject process nominations process stated informal discretion highest authority government list recipients explanatory notes posthumous recipients


australia day australia day official national day australia celebrated annually january marks anniversary arrival fleet british ships port jackson new_south_wales raising flag great_britain sydney cove governor arthur present day australia celebrations reflect diverse society landscape nation marked community family events reflections australian history official community awards citizenship ceremonies welcoming new immigrants australian community meaning significance australia day evolved time unofficially historically date variously named anniversary day foundation day day january marked proclamation british sovereignty eastern australia known new holland known australia day century later records celebrations january date official celebration formation new_south_wales held new year day british colonies australia formed federation marking birth modern australia national day unity celebration looked australian states territories adopted use term australia day mark date date consistently marked public holiday day states territories contemporary australia holiday marked presentation australian year awards australia day eve announcement australia day honours list addresses governor general prime minister official public holiday state territory australia falls weekend case following monday public holiday instead community festivals concerts citizenship ceremonies day celebrated large small communities cities nation australia day biggest annual civic event australia australia day marked indigenous australians protesting invasion land europeans celebration national holiday history arrival fleet fleet ships came known fleet sent british admiralty england australia command captain arthur fleet sought establish colony bay coast new_south_wales explored claimed lieutenant james cook settlement seen necessary loss thirteen colonies north_america fleet arrived january immediately apparent bay unsuitable january officers travelled port jackson kilometres north better location settlement stayed january named site landing sydney cove home secretary thomas 1st sydney contact local people returned bay evening january gave orders fleet sydney cove morning january day huge gale blowing making impossible leave bay decided wait till day january january spotted ships flying french flag entrance bay having trouble getting bay fleet having getting january gale blowing fleet tried leave bay hms supply carrying arthur philip king marines anchored sydney cove afternoon january early morning dozen marines officers rowed ashore took possession land king george iii remainder ship company watched board supply bay captain john hunter hms contact french ships commander captain exchanged advised hunter fleet commander jean successfully cleared bay ships great difficulty charlotte blown dangerously close rocks friendship prince wales ships losing sails charlotte friendship actually collided lady nearly ran aground despite difficulties remaining ships finally managed clear bay sail sydney cove january ship anchored formal establishment colony new_south_wales occur january commonly assumed occur february formal proclamation colony arthur governorship read land reigning monarch king george iii dates february years official recognition colony anniversary new_south_wales placing special significance january date colony immigrants especially celebrate love land lived drinking celebrations followed pattern beginning january lasted night chief occasion major george honour officer ashore fleet having carried landing boat convict james ruse despite suffering ill effects fall gig way home led officers new_south_wales corps arresting governor william following day january known rebellion sydney gazette new_south_wales reported unofficial gatherings home monday 27th dinner party met house purpose celebrating anniversary institution colony governor philip took place year happening sunday commemoration dinner reserved day following party assembled select number afternoon dinner table entertainment anticipated dinner number loyal drank number songs given company parted pleasures meeting afforded 30th anniversary founding colony governor chose acknowledge day official celebration governor declared day holiday government workers granting extra pound fresh meat ordered gun salute point year colony existed began tradition retained governors follow foundation day known time continued officially celebrated new_south_wales connected sporting events tradition continued today running australia day held sydney harbour races held different classes boats class sailing vessels people viewed festivities onshore decks boats harbour including australian francis second ran aground festivities refloated day happy success organisers resolved annual event celebrations gained air united australians dinner limited born australia describing dinner sydney herald justified decision saying parties associated title united australians adopting principle fair invited join offence class persons invited subject presence persons wish associate good reason australians perfect right wished right complain following year 50th anniversary founding colony celebrations australia public holiday declared held second time people crowded view events joined experiment australia rapid miniature steamer view proceedings water midday guns fired battery royal standard raised evening rockets fireworks lit sky dinner smaller affair previous year attendance compared anniversary described day centenary celebration prior january new_south_wales affair colonies founding tasmania day occurred december south_australia proclamation day december western_australia foundation day western_australia day june colonial capitals adelaide celebrated anniversary day south_australia adopted australia day followed victoria states australia celebrating january australia day known anniversary day new_south_wales foundation day persisted local usage anniversary british settlement australia widely celebrated preparations began formation celebrations council year new_south_wales state abandon traditional long weekend annual anniversary day public holiday held actual anniversary day wednesday january commonwealth state governments agreed unify celebrations january australia day public holiday instead taken monday closest actual anniversary year celebration years arrival fleet organised large scale significant events taking place major cities million people attended event sydney included street parties concerts including performances steps sydney opera house public venues art literary competitions historic opening powerhouse museum new location enactment arrival fleet took place sydney harbour ships sailed portsmouth year earlier taking contemporary celebrations participation australia day increased states territories began celebrate unified public holiday actual day time research conducted reported australians polled attended organised australia day event celebrated family friends making australia day largest annual public event nation reflected results earlier research project respondents anticipated actively celebrate australia day outdoor concerts community sports competitions festivals fireworks events held communities australia official events presented national australia day council official council committee state territory local committees sydney harbour focus boat races held ferry race tall ships race adelaide key celebrations australia day city parade concert fireworks display held elder park traditional international cricket match played adelaide oval featuring people march concert melbourne events focus strongly celebration despite drop attendance audiences estimated perth largest single event presented australia day citizenship ceremonies commonly held australia day largest occasion acquisition australian citizenship january citizenship ceremonies took place people countries took australian citizenship recent years citizenship ceremonies included existing citizens research conducted reported respondents thought citizenship ceremonies important feature day official australia day ambassador program supports celebrations communities nation participation high achieving australians local community celebrations ambassadors participated local community celebrations order australia awards feature day australia day achievement awarded citizens local governments based excellence government non government organisations governor general prime minister address nation eve australia day year prime minister announces winner australian year award presented australian citizen shown significant contribution australian community nation inspirational role model australian community award include young australian year senior australian year award australia local hero music festivals held australia day big day triple hottest australia day live concert televised nationally years international cricket match held australia day adelaide oval matches included test matches day research indicated australians reflect history future fairly equally australia day polled agreed history important thing think australia day said look future thought important think present time unsure despite date reflecting arrival fleet contemporary celebrations particularly historical theme large scale national leader participation focused largely events australian year awards announcement citizenship ceremonies possibly reflecting shift australians understanding place indigenous australians national identity research november reported ninety percent australians polled believed important recognise australia indigenous people culture australia day celebrations similar proportion agreed important recognise cultural diversity nation despite strong attendance australia day events positive disposition recognition indigenous australians date celebrations remains source challenge national discussion criticism australians particularly indigenous australians australia day symbol adverse impacts british settlement australia indigenous people celebrations accompanied day mourning large gathering people sydney led invasion day commemoration marking loss indigenous culture anniversary known survival day marked events survival day concert held sydney celebrating fact indigenous people culture completely wiped response official celebrations tried include indigenous people holding ceremonies ceremony held sydney honoured past celebrated present involved indigenous australians governor new_south_wales invasion day invasion day term indigenous figures supporters refer january protests occur year australia day events january members indigenous groups collectively effort promote awareness australians presence needs desire communication reconciliation operation land rights issues purpose january set highly visible tent embassy location point called chair adjacent sydney royal gardens embassy consisting large smaller tents manned group people street organised operation local council department parks gardens gathering place people sydney aims embassy seen thousands organisers claimed know rarely saw people suggested changes date prior establishment australia day national day australia years subsequent creation dates proposed celebration times possibility moving australia day alternative date reasons varied concerns current arrangement included current date celebrating foundation colony new_south_wales seen lacking national significance australia day falls school holidays limiting ability schools engage children event date perceived connected australia convict past celebrating britain driving ashore australia white citizens chains fails encompass australians including members indigenous community commemorating date invasion land connected suggestion moving date seen significant symbolic act calling change tony chairman australia day committee victoria argued change requested debate issue australian year called debate regard australia day held proposed alternative dates federation australia january early january suggested possible alternative day commemorate federation australia year federation january named commonwealth day new year day public holiday commonwealth day gather support day british settlement january day arthur landing sydney cove suggested alternative day commemorate date australian continent solely occupied indigenous peoples moving holiday day advantage summer months small change little impact retailers ensure public holidays remain distributed currently day april degree support recent years making day april australia national day suggestions encountered strong opposition prompted tony date changed merger day found support peter anglican archbishop brisbane queensland federal leader opposition kim suggestion raised national president returned services league australia major general retired peter phillips suggested merger possible future phillips process planning major review future day combination caused considerable concern subsequently stated review considering merger dates suggestion sparked controversy idea strongly opposed prime minister john howard opposition leader kim speaking concept clarified earlier stance stating support merger saw day true national day australia counter arguments merging holidays include belief war veterans view day day day public holiday new_zealand cook islands merger core purpose day honour war dead opening federal parliament date suggested date federal parliament opened melbourne date opening provisional parliament house canberra date opening new parliament house date times won support queensland premier peter tony date seen closely connected victoria location close start winter described anniversary referendum anniversary referendum amend constitutional status suggested alternative day referendum resulting amendments constitution august changes enabled accounted federal law included national census public vote favour event milestone recognition indigenous rights australia december december long history alternative choice australia day having proposed bulletin 1880s uprising occurred victorian gold rush saw failed rebellion miners victorian colonial government rebellion crushed led significant reforms described birthplace australian democracy supporters date included senator don victorian premier steve idea failed gain traction 1880s possibly loyalty britain forgotten idea opposed claimed hard left unions right wing nationalist groups seen essentially victorian event recommended dates day september proposed national patriotic holiday day association raised alternative date australia day degree historical precedent suggestion day celebrated australia day south_australia years australia day celebrated july constitution day july suggested possible alternative commemorating day queen_victoria gave constitution australia march anniversary australia acts coming force raised option having referred australian independence day acts removed united_kingdom ability australian states queen ability suspend state legislation remaining appeal channels state supreme courts high_court australia council united_kingdom queen elizabeth_ii signed proclamation government house canberra march acts effect mean time day opposition change decision change date australia day combination australian federal state governments recent years lacked sufficient support prime ministers leaders opposition speaking idea prime minister john howard stated acknowledged concerns date significant day australia history favour retaining current date noted january discussed light centenary federation inappropriate coincided new year day prime minister kevin gave straightforward change date speaking response suggestion reopen debate leader opposition echoed support january supported right australians raise issue regard state leaders new_south_wales premier stated hear compelling argument support change queensland premier anna expressed opposition change date spite controversy asked date australia day moved associated european settlement found cent respondents favoured change cent favoured change cent historian said believed january worked australia day view successful


white leadership development program white leadership development program founded summer camp youth led california based non profits sponsor leadership development activities teen youth staff programs develop produce week long leadership summer camps year youth central northern california youth states countries outdoors program relies hands learning methods help develop leadership youth originally founded peninsula california currently programs program concord california sponsored white association second program california sponsored white leadership development academy entire program traces history world hungary took emblem white hungarian mythology boys know attended met 1950s lead white program founder junior officer hungarian army world war served national council hungarian scout association voluntary national director youth leadership development end war narrowly escaped soviet capture likely execution considerable personal trials arrived june california teach army language school met hungarians escaped country soviet occupation joe paul attended world initially assisted local american bay area council training chairman developed experimental program train scouts leadership skills collaborated research psychologist paul hood leader task non commissioned officer research project army sought identify essential leadership skills non commissioned leaders master thesis identified specific leadership taught program summer camp efforts men assisted rapidly gained attention national council boy scouts america conducted extensive research leadership model developed version nationwide use introduced leadership 1970s adult wood badge program youth focused national youth leadership training programs originally focused primarily teaching skills patrol method change teaching leadership marked cultural shift adults youth trained skills scouting program currently developed delivered independent non profit groups bay area san_francisco east bay recent years youth staff plan week long summer camp programs locations central northern california programs draw participants california attendees come texas virginia international locations including france taiwan brazil china leadership remain key training program program observed 50th anniversary served youth inception history white traces direct roots hungary fourth world scout founders attended origins hungary world scout year old scout named kneeling men rode horseback count paul chief scout hungary chief staff general general staff officer royal hungarian army british hero boer war chief scout world men introduced scout inspected camp complimented job rode meeting chief scout hungary boer war hero robert left deep impression decided military officer instead minister briefly met fellow hungarian boy scout joseph hungarian sea paul camp visited asked taste soup american attended california scouts later play instrumental roles forming white program peninsula conclusion gave farewell speech challenged scouts present pursue ideals represented white challenge myth white cites grew source inspiration world war junior officer royal hungarian army seriously wounded combat russia connections world invited general join faculty hungarian royal academy served national council hungarian scout association voluntary national director youth leadership development barely escaping soviet capture likely execution end world war arrived considerable personal trials june california teach army language school joe met fourth world joseph barely survived world war family previously lived united_states worked new_york_city start world war deported enemy aliens hungary spoke english assigned watch crew members american bomber crash land hungary crew told sensitive information ordered reveal information superiors citing geneva convention refused authorities prepared court martial fled time frequent allied aerial bombing raids hid figured look upper floors apartment buildings bombing raid pounds bomb crashed landed floor fortunately explode family later narrowly survived siege war ended found work american embassy translator vulnerable position communists hardened grip power lived united_states spoke english knew fall suspicion people knew began disappear including friend worked embassy days found note desk read american assistance immediately fled hungary switzerland family returned new_york_city months applied position hungarian instructor army language school army hired summer founded hungarian department starting years afterward scouts attended fourth world reunited peninsula joseph later renewed acquaintance hired joined hungarian paul scouting contacts met growth peninsula developed passion idea leadership development boys serving hungarian army chairman leadership training committee bay area council sought received support concept leadership camp boys council executive executive board informally recruited patrol boys including sons took summer camp test idea john year old eagle scout working waterfront came camp patrol seven boys teach class camp craft said trying new ideas patrol reported listened presented came gave tips teaching mentor point summer recruited patrols boys recruited serve senior patrol leader wasn discussion leadership start internal sense direction understood said white creating environment youth led youth time scouting necessarily boy led program remember clear mind boy led scouting program looked like question charge white boys local served national engineering service boy scouts america helped develop white program remained active 1970s borrowing experience world based program symbol spirit traditions white symbol found patch fourth world scout turn based hungarian mythology june adult staff meeting attended jack stone bill white paul herring staff advisor bill officially adopted white junior leaders training events lord personal idol long felt commitment scouting received said august scale program served assistant adult staff youth staff training troop consisted troops years program emphasis placed training patrol leaders said saw principles opportunity develop white program boy scout sons gratitude country scouting year continued research leadership learned army human resources research organization conducting research leadership characteristics non commissioned officers contacted research psychologist paul hood task leader task non commissioned officer began collaboration publication titled guide infantry squad leader beginning squad leader know human relations articulated core set leadership found hood research characteristics leadership strongly vision direction hood active encouragement decided incorporate leadership skills white adult staff announced expand program offer additional phase leadership development boys years old train junior trainers leadership skills phase christened troop leadership development national council takes notice interest support bay area council executive staff board program continually tested improved men connections national council member national council engineering service research scientist member national boy scout training committee brought white program national council attention formed chaired advisory board management specialists members scout professional staff focused research master thesis san state university bay area council published abbreviated version titled design leadership development scouting responding widespread interest gave talk annual meeting national council boy scouts america development leadership boy leaders boys august patrol scouts san county council boys circle council dallas attended white summer camp camp program observed evaluated wells national director research john staff researcher wells long history wood badge beginning participant second united_states wood badge course impressed saw experienced end august summer camp announced white begin offer phase leadership development boys age called patrol member development revolutionary step possible boys years old learn leadership skills appropriate maturity capabilities needs grew cycle program phase acquire increased skills world scouting publishes paper world organization scout movement published paper titled leadership development world scouting reference paper described results boy scouts america research testing presented world conference advocated leadership development design scouting based leadership white appointed scout committee guided national training teams train trainer events mexico costa_rica venezuela adapted use wood badge january john began work bob write new wood badge staff guide focusing leadership project members wells bob participated second united_states wood badge course despite long experience wood badge saw benefit adding leadership skills development wood badge william green bar wood badge course felt strongly traditional teaching skills retained recently formally retired opinion held considerable weight nonetheless chief scout joseph approved changes national boy scouts america began test revised wood badge program utilizing white leadership later year staff councils invited attend initial course met plan program june experimental wood badge course offered month later circle council dallas presented new wood badge course september councils approved pilot test new wood badge program bay area council council middle tennessee del circle council experimental wood badge course course director joe served senior patrol leader john national director education present unique application reproduced attendees asked bring entire troop single week summer camp allowing wood badge staff attended use summer camp application wood badge modified use junior leader training pilot testing experimentation continued years experimental junior leader training program begun later troop leader development containing modified versions leadership included final troop leadership development staff guide written john credited white origins recent history white program continued present bay area council official junior leader training program early 1970s bill roberts phase iii director invited explorer girls age program adult women serve adult staff leadership development program boy scouts america learned girls new role program said long committed training youth ages manner reflecting real world sexes work year white invited girls age participate program evaluated staff member western region boy scouts america wrote white association incorporated time bay area council decided replace white program nationally mandated adaptation white troop leader development program adult volunteer leaders white informally known white steering committee incorporated non profit foundation white association continued sponsor program prevented camp rented ranch resident camp santa mountains girl scouts santa county years years association moved summer program san county council camp cutter santa mountains later different times council camp sierra council camp california sierra nevada began attracting youth san_francisco bay area association secured use camp robert cole national forest near grove california white academy formed bay area council junior leader training chairman offered run council junior leader training program white methods council executive agreed white adult alumni san_francisco bay area based program lived peninsula area recruited youth staff planned presented white program camp based program continued present council junior leader training program new council executive decided adopt current national youth leadership training program adult leadership white group incorporated non profit charity white leadership development academy support program based summer camp program camp cutter camp santa mountains camp county custom built camp private land girl scout spin leaders white academy organized comparable program girl scouts california central coast program teaches leadership skills white held cutter scout reservation years currently held boulder creek scout reservation santa mountains girl scouts assumed leadership program renamed camp greek goddess protects young girls animals natural environment youth staff referred members leadership training adventure continued run camp resident camp girls summer summer camp programs organization central california group northern california continue develop present summer camps youth youth led corps volunteer adults program observe 60th anniversary participation based group continued increase year participants including youth hong_kong taiwan mainland china group sponsored white association attracted programs operated continuously program founding entirely voluntary basis estimated youth having attended camps groups produce week long summer camps core youth ready learn master thesis established reasoning focusing developing leadership skills youth adults wrote adults leadership development experiences deeply established patterns difficult change felt leadership development needs start early life opportunity exists individuals long term exposure leadership behavior formulated white program address needs youth years age defining leadership skill infancy youth need leadership development number researchers identified needs youth specific kinds formative experiences study marshall described developmental priorities youth learning developing positive basic applied academic attitudes skills behaviors thriving developing physically healthy attitudes skills behaviors connecting developing positive social attitudes skills behaviors working developing positive attitudes skills behaviors leading developing positive civic attitudes skills behaviors report successful programs utilize positive sustained relations caring adult life skills opportunities use newly learned skills studies identified areas help youth acquire attitudes skills knowledge required effective society areas strong relationships adults training conflict resolution team dynamics project management new roles responsibilities based experiences resources provide opportunity growth peer networking opportunities practice communication negotiation refusal skills youth led program white leadership development program methods address areas studies identified coached adults youth staff develop plan implement week long summer camp programs develop skills research writing planning evaluation outdoors practice learning activities games outdoor skills required live camping environment learn counsel youth different backgrounds study specific skills leadership practice presenting summer camp present learning sessions participants youth led adults work youth met forming new relationships learning connect cooperate learn basic group membership skills required work life like communication planning plan implement leadership skills home community learn practice problem solving counseling skills groups form grow planning skills learn kinds communications skills represent group group input work effectively leadership research master thesis identified characteristics leadership condensed specific leadership proposed taught systematic process developmental levels tailored needs youth mature white leadership organized groups taught based members overall group readiness maturity stage learning approach group writes general goals specific objectives year describe leadership terms engaging leadership development learning activities youth staff implement phase approach called manager learning step requires participant practice skill preparation simulation real practical possible limitations training environment participant instructor gain guided discovery assessment current knowledge skills attitudes relevant learning task second step teach learn session instructor begins present information based participants don know usually written statement describing terms objectives participant complete session instructor utilize advanced members help skilled members instructor tries information participants experience asking questions teach learn complete step allows participants opportunity application practice newly acquired skills experience like guided discovery final step evaluation discussion participants self assess achieved stated learning objectives feedback instructor success presenting information developing group members essential forming group ability organize ready action getting giving information teaches participants different types communication communication helps establish group learn store retrieve information individuals practice communicating help job group understanding group needs characteristics helps individuals build group morale unity learn values norms needs characteristics knowing understanding group resources helps use resources improve group learn different kinds resources leader use diversity group members skills abilities help group succeed learn resources affect getting job keeping group growing group capability second group leadership help group develop implement plan controlling group helps individuals learn behavior affects individuals learn difference external control group personal control behavior learn controlling group group contributes learn different techniques influence group success gain skills balancing group versus individual needs counseling helps individuals define key counseling ideas learn simple counseling methods identify simple counseling appropriate setting example helps participants identify means set good example setting example important describe ways leader set good example planning provides chance learn problem solving importance leader learn problem solving planning methods planning contributes task group success evaluation enables use evaluation improve group focus job learn balance getting job helping group learn continually assess level success accomplish task group leadership helps individuals grow organization sharing leadership helps participants learn leadership shared group members depending situation group member abilities learn kinds things affect leader group style leadership appropriate learn select style leadership based job group situation representing group way participants learn groups communicate represent group learn accurately represent group manager learning step technique instructing participants learn develop effective learning techniques effectively communicating information emphasize learning process program values program defined set values govern program implemented important outdoor learning program leaders believe outdoors environment provides context learning physically demanding entirely different experienced day home school outdoors new ways thinking approaching group related problems participants learn exceed perceive physical limits find mental capacity grows white uses physical environment tire individual open minds new ways thinking program indoors outdoors encourages physical fitness outdoor activities outdoors avoids negative association standard classroom environment addition program utilizes outdoor camping skills provide opportunities practice leadership skills challenges leader training faces plan set camp cook meals learn analyze task plan task organize group use groups resources implement plan evaluate correct program teaches participants evaluation attitude continually seek improvement growth leader dependent ability assess current skill level accept necessity change leader attain goals continuously works analyze movement achieving goals objectives white uses patrol method effectively include members wrote patrol system essential feature scout training differs organizations system properly applied absolutely bound bring success help formation boys patrols training separate units responsible leader key good troop important values focus hands learning program emphasizes use learning activities context outdoor education help participants retain learn leadership generally leadership specifically example participant teams challenged build foot bridges complete build traverse cook meal practical challenges seeking engage individuals physically mentally program uses method method teaches individuals respond situation specifically prepared manager learning prepared present unexpected tasks challenges leader group organize find solution complete task method closely linked hands learning program believes leadership taught direct approach example early leadership development programs learning leadership specifically defined qualified objectives learning leadership product learning activities white method challenges indirect methods focuses participant experience direct approach white program defines leadership behaviors specific terms leadership youth spend time learning teachers think important irrelevant youth know manager learning value allows youth learn practice skills situations real life manager learning situation help leader assess current state knowledge causes need improve knowledge skills followed period teaching exposure participant improves base line knowledge participant gets chance apply learned lastly performance improvement program believes learning stops infinity principle according leadership behavior developed weeks months ongoing takes months individuals gain proficiency leadership skills white continues leap upward forward ending journey leads followers promised land wear badge white white journey idea best program borrowed words farewell forward upward onward define leadership leadership process influencing people providing purpose direction motivation continually organization individual forward upward onward individuals taught believe difficult situations opportunities growth overcome leadership development place single training course continuous sequence structured learning experience building opportunities program belief individual infinite challenge change engaged ending process leader infinity principle growth leadership white leadership development process avoiding stereotypes labeling based personal dress program uses polo shirts shirts articles clothing like uniforms participants uniforms display white logo visible reminder program founding vision articulated conclusion world uniform reminds individual wearing commitment program values self esteem person pride program class socio economic wearing uniform improves member behavior impact person personal wardrobe phases levels based original work program organized phases consisting candidate youth staff adult staff level structure allows youth develop leadership skills years gradually intense advanced levels instruction level tailored needs youth specific ages maturity levels youth staff develop summer camp program preceding months series leadership development training planning events ultimately responsible entire leadership program content aims program primary aims closely aligned aims boy scouts america addition leadership development program focuses character development defines encouraging people right matter serve second aim personal fitness programs encourages individuals accept physical mental challenges surpass expectations expand knowledge skills abilities continuous personal improvement aim citizenship training helps individuals develop positive attitude influence join shape community paramount aim leadership development individuals engage life ongoing adventure challenge lead pursue excellence symbolism mythology white leadership program youth spirit traditions including ceremonies cheers distinctive character communicate ethic self improvement personal achievement values include characteristics servant leadership compassion enthusiasm kindness symbolism white described story telling white legend legend fourth world held hungary turn inspired hungarian mythology white white legend inspire participants desire reflection continuous self improvement pursuit higher aims goals traditions include waist ropes patrol names legend tells version legend honoring led people pursuit mythical white following impassable trails new home story ceremonies program challenges individuals continually onward upward overcome challenges continuously evaluate focus learning improve camp locations white program currently offered related non profit groups northern central california northern california non profit white association sponsors crews learning life group boy scout troop plan produce summer camp program northern california past camp john camp camp robert cole central california non profit white leadership development academy sponsors learning life group crew boy scout troop valley bay council council youth plan program summer central california offered time camps camp county northern california second camp santa mountains continued offer weeks summer camp based program site santa range near youth staff participants registered members boy scouts programs valley bay council council programs adhere youth protection standards boy scouts america including background checks adult leaders based program drawn participants overseas including france china martinique taiwan financial support white program implemented non profits white leadership development academy located peninsula white association located san_francisco east bay financially self supporting programs administered managed time adult volunteers participants including youth adult staff pay fees participate fees participants attending week long summer camp candidate attendees white sierra pay association charges adult youth staff volunteers paid fees course year staff development awards recognition program recognized youth adults year presenting silver award device miniature solid sterling silver chain recognizes individual outstanding contributions qualities leadership spirit service program youth staff member phase selected outstanding youth staff member graduating participant received unique phase worn white functions participants recognized awards vary year year programs white hatch returned crossroads america council attending pilot test program founded junior leader training program previously known silver bars initially based white program principles later modified follow national youth leadership training course trails council indiana produced national youth leadership training program based national nicknamed white east_coast council rhode_island nicknamed national program white programs produced local councils present standardized nationally mandated national youth leadership training program non profit white academy california sponsors venture crew develops produces summer camp program independent boy scout america nationally mandated junior leaders training program

White Stag Leadership Development Program


brook farm brook farm called brook farm institute agriculture education brook farm association industry education experiment communal living united_states 1840s founded minister george wife farm west massachusetts miles outside downtown boston inspired ideals religious cultural philosophy based new_england founded joint stock company promised participants portion profits farm exchange performing equal share work brook farmers believed sharing workload ample time available leisure activities intellectual pursuits life brook farm based balancing labor leisure working benefit greater community member choose work found appealing paid equally including women revenue community came farming selling products like clothing fees paid visitors brook farm main source income school overseen pre school primary school college preparatory school attracted children internationally child charged education adult education offered community financially stable difficulty agricultural pursuits brook farmers adopted societal model based socialist concepts charles began publishing unofficial journal promoting following vision community members began building ambitious structure called building destroyed fire community financially devastated recovered fully closed despite experimental failure brook farmers looked experience positively critics included charles lane founder community called founding member brook farm strong community ideals later fictionalized experience novel romance community failure property operated years lutheran organization treatment center school buildings destroyed fire years state massachusetts acquired acres farm operated massachusetts department conservation recreation historic site history planning background october george announced club planning form community brook farm called based ideals founders believed labor sustain community time literary scientific pursuits experiment meant serve example rest world based principles industry true equality brook farm communities physical labor perceived condition mental health brook farm communal experiments active united_states 1840s secular believed experiment model rest society predicted executed light country age sunrise morning star interested people began planning relocated meetings home west street operated elizabeth beginnings wife formed joint stock company initial investors sold shares company apiece promise percent profits investor shareholders allowed single vote decision making held director positions chose begin experiment dairy farm owned charles maria west massachusetts near home parker began raising money including holding meeting raise farm initial purchase site eventually purchased october participants begun moving early april acre km2 farm miles boston described pamphlet place great natural beauty combining convenient city degree retirement freedom unfavorable influences unusual country purchase covered neighboring keith farm approximately acres consisting altogether farm dwelling house barn situated major public notice community published august community west mass likely written elizabeth began investors eventually people brook farmers writer editor margaret fuller invited brook farm officially joined community frequent visitor spending new year eve received applications join community especially people little money poor health fledged membership granted individuals afford share joint stock company initial founders brook farm author particularly agree ideals experiment hoping help raise money begin life wife considered moving visited sent away aware motivations tried convince involved fully appointing trustees specifically overseeing direction finance requesting initial investment returned officially resigned brook farm october wrote displeasure community custom house experience mind heart thank god soul utterly buried inspiration late 1830s increasingly engaged early socialist movement based work charles new_york newspaper editor began pressure brook farm experiment follow closely pattern charles time community struggling self sufficient albert brisbane book social destiny man inspiration paid permission publish page column new_york ran parts march september brisbane argued series titled association principles true organization society theories applied united_states brisbane published similar articles journal societal vision included elaborate plans specific structures highly organized roles members called system ideal community meet vision brook farm association industry education brook farmers committed constructing ambitious communal building known construction began summer structure provide accommodations families single people planned feet feet include described large kitchen dining hall capable seating persons public hall lecture room associates created new constitution brook farm beginning experiment attempts follow closely system brook farmers supported transition dinner honor birthday member group proposed second coming christ share enthusiasm left altogether left converted catholicism went founder american based order priests fathers particular brook farmers thought new model rigid structured different aspects attracted supporters detractors referred early brook farm history days celebrity proponent organized conventions new_england discuss community months brook farmers offered possibility taking inspired publications brisbane john allen social reformer brook farm time members community believed elevate status leaders movement provide additional income ultimately brook farmers published new journal combining journal issue published june continuously printed originally weekly october relocated new_york_city oversight george fellow brook farmer charles anderson naming publication turned difficult task offered advice suggested pilot worker architect iris aurora crown imperial independent light truth hope teacher wedge pirate indicator tailor universe apocalypse red dragon plant devil meaningless decline dissolution brook farm began decline rapidly restructuring october visited site atmosphere place horrible save money sacrifices called particularly dinner table meat coffee tea butter longer offered agreed separate table meat allowed december thanksgiving neighbor donated turkey brook farmers applied exceptions rules soon agreed members association sit meat table shall charged extra board life brook farm worsened outbreak smallpox november died brook farmers infected attempted quell financial difficulties negotiating creditors agreed cancel debts construction progressing evening march discovered caught fire hours structure completely burned firefighters boston arrived late fire likely caused chimney participant noted long flames chasing mad riot structure running long corridors supporting columns wood huge mass financial blow loss building marked beginning end brook farm george begun experiment unofficial break brook farm began leave dissolution farm slow brook farmer said slow decline community like apple drifting slowly ground making november book collection served brook farm library auctioned help cover association debts end brook farm total debt told friend understand man feel attend funeral took job new_york took years pay brook farm debt brook farm man named john purchased land brook farm selling years later james freeman clarke intended establish community instead clarke offered president abraham_lincoln american_civil_war second massachusetts regiment training camp andrew clarke sold property brothers summer boarding house purchased property formed association evangelical lutheran church works mercy operate main house property known opened operated converted treatment center school closed parts farm separated use cemetery use continues today non cemetery known gardens joseph cemetery baker street jewish period lutheran ownership extant building print shop built land buildings associated recently margaret fuller cottage burned 1980s metropolitan district commission merged massachusetts department conservation recreation purchased acres km2 original land farm declared national historic landmark boston landmark listed national_register_of_historic_places operate state owned portion historic site west historical society periodically offers tours landscape facilities brook farm named brook ran near eventually went charles river surrounded low hills meadows sunny slopes orchard quiet pine woods land turned difficult farm land keith lot purchased farm included functional farmhouse brook farmers immediately began calling center social activities people community went eat meals day dining room held people library stocked george personal book collection available community members community grew necessary add buildings activities building constructed nest school lessons took place guests farm stay house later called built second year building built margaret fuller cottage named fuller spent night participant brook farm named built house named honor home town plymouth massachusetts story building structure built year cost nearly build stayed weeks moving building general lodging held laundry facilities constructions including small craft shops quickly reduced treasury community life work finances participants brook farm shareholders promised percent annual profits free tuition student exchange days work year granted free room board members performed work appealed including women paid equal wages philosophy labor according natural union intellectual manual labor exists combine worker far possible individual organization work brook farm changed time financial troubles changes members brook farm initially participated attractive industry system individual pick work assignments based won preferences method specific authority making sure essential tasks getting initial members fair share labor community adopted required standards work hours work required day summer hours winter brook farm started adopting notions created structured work environment system consisted series industry agriculture mechanical domestic series number groups handled specific tasks group chief duty record work system create new work hierarchy members flexibility groups easily new measures caused brook farm achieve profit feat accomplished years community existence typical work duties brook farm included wood bringing cows turning farming farmers worked trades including making shoes teachers regardless job considered equal job distribution elizabeth wrote great weight thing exchange work participants granted guarantees including medical attendance nursing education departments occasional conflicts different workers partly believed aristocratic overall historian charles wrote aspects communal life operated surprisingly little friction general visitors brook farm came frequently totaling estimated year charged visit november october surviving records collected visitor fees list visitors included theologian henry james sculptor william story artist john british social reformer robert owen despite multiple sources income community constant debt immediately began community including difficulty farming aspects community particular poor soil labor major crop hay sold low grade prices vegetables milk fruit produced high numbers profitable property times brook farm got habit spending money raised brook farmer wrote think lies difficulty business men conduct affairs business talents error education september brook farm institute agriculture education organized school immediate times source income brook farm attracted students far away cuba philippines children charged half dollars week boys charged dollars week girls charged august rates identical regardless gender adult education available evenings schedule adults included courses moral philosophy german language modern european history school infant school children primary school children preparatory school prepared children college years entering school pupil high school age assigned woman community charge wardrobe personal habits exercise teachers included graduates harvard school george george john sullivan dwight women wife sister cousin hannah bruce charge teaching english known relaxed class taught languages able speak dwight taught music latin students studied european languages literature extra cost pupils fine arts primary school overseen progressive child centered compared later reforms john dedication school remarked missed classes years leisure people brook farm spent time studying working farm set aside time day play free time members brook farm enjoyed music dancing card games drama costume parties skating week community gather dance young ladies community wear wild heads week special bought given best dressed girl end day performed symbol universal unity stood circle joined hands vowed truth cause god humanity spirits remained high experiment regardless community financial standing social structure demanded individuals rarely failed fulfill duties requirement earn leisure time leisure time important brook farm philosophy elizabeth wrote january engaged merely labor community aims rich metallic representative wealth leisure live soul role women brook farm women opportunity expand typical sphere tasks labor highly valued tasks typical women time simple food preparation shared harvest time women allowed work fields men helped laundry cold weather single religion impose beliefs community women safe typical associated religion time community focus individual freedom women autonomous husbands allowed women played important role providing sources income community devoted time making brook farmer dwight described elegant caps etc etc sale shops boston painted screens lamp shades sale women allowed school known education women brook farm female writers performers visited farm george wife written outspoken feminist essay woman moving brook farm educated able teach history foreign languages farm criticism people community wrote enjoyed experience particular light hearted atmosphere participant man named john joined community age wrote life greatest far infinitely far looked gates life saw charming visions hopes community met community officially secular variety religions represented later converted catholicism protestant brook farmer complained beginning wooden crosses pictures saints suspect eventually elected treasurer community enjoy experience initially praised work great broad shall later wrote wife labor curse world community demanded return initial investment held ill wrote success reasonable doubt outside community critical brook farm especially press new_york observer example suggested desire promote order morals design overthrow marriage institution place divine law substitute proper intercourse sexes concluding secretly aiming destroy foundation society critic expressed opinions community article titled brook farm december issue broadway journal wrote sincere respect group journal conducted read persons mean harm despite critics suggested george replaced brook farm leader joined brook farm community despite wrote december conviction community good questioned community particularly optimism members equally share responsibility workload wrote country members naturally surprised observe man day looked window day received night wages years later publicly denounced experiment collection essays titled conduct life charles lane founders community called thought brook farmers lived lifestyle sacrifice said playing away youth day time manner like communities brook farm criticized potential break nuclear family focus working larger community conversion showed support experiment henry david questioned community members wrote journal communities think bachelor hall hell board heaven later questioned original optimism referring sad fiction founding member unhappy tenure brook farmer partly unable write living quiet complained hands covered new crop effect hay later presented fictionalized portrait experience novel romance acknowledged resemblance introduction saying volume readers probably suspect faint faithful brook farm west little years ago occupied cultivated company chapter called example based picnic held september celebrate harvest season george reviewed book new_york said brook farmers notice resemblance humorous parts story seen resemblance margaret fuller fictional character novel visitor writer like finds hard farm labor intellectual creativity


baltimore urban debate league baltimore urban debate league pronounced american non profit urban debate league aims educate mentor inner city middle school high school students baltimore maryland area league started grant fund educational excellence collaboration george open society institute high schools students participated year debate format high school high school level students debate according policy debate guidelines season resolution established national forensic league national catholic forensic league divisions high school level junior varsity varsity divisions timing conventions debate rounds exception preparation time minutes varsity minutes


great southern group great southern group group australian companies notable country largest managed investment scheme business great southern limited parent company listed australian exchange wholly owned subsidiary great southern managers australia ltd established sold managed approximately agricultural managed investment schemes finance offered investors wholly owned subsidiary great southern finance company founded public company expanded business rapidly 2000s supported favourable tax regulations types investments group business plantation forestry supply pulp paper industry 2000s high value beef cattle production company tax profit peaked million deteriorated million loss great southern companies attracted debate criticism associated operation managed investment schemes generally environmental performance islands operation particular result economic conditions regulatory issues entered voluntary administration appointed administrator secured creditors appointed receiver manager november placed appointed according great southern group investors contributed billion group raised million equity shareholders obtained million notes raised million secured funding subsequent great southern group investors commenced class actions currently completing great southern group collapse great southern group conjunction failure high profile company led separate australian parliamentary committee inquiries industry business activities great southern group formed australia largest managed investment scheme operation company comprised parent entity great southern plantations limited renamed great southern limited wholly owned held operated great southern businesses including providing management services centre great southern operations management investment schemes referred schemes schemes mechanism investors funds invest common business enterprise responsible entity great southern controls routine administration investments primary production schemes managed great southern investors products forestry plantations agreement company manage investment plant establish maintain trees harvested maturity investors great southern generally purchased lots typically land owned leased great southern investors owned plantations land assets belonged company investors owned individual risks returns distributed investors individual projects sharing average yield harvest entire project return individual high rates return length investment involved schemes relied rationale investors retire receive income scheme marginal tax rate lower time initial investment based premise schemes claiming rate return tax percent suggested schemes poor investment likely achieve percent return returns investors comprised tax year bought products returns sale produce life project typically point harvest years later plantations years projects great southern management fees final sale value typical forestry investment early 2000s involved initial payment yielding tax time returns harvesting depended great southern forecast investors original investment return early schemes achieve figures basis timber sales resulting sales half value originally invested investors received returns product usually harvested sold majority great southern activity sale managed investment schemes funds management purchase rural funds management ltd retaining agricultural assets fund offering new share fund blended property fund addition products investors great southern provided loans investors wanting borrow invest loan book comprised loans average value approximately rise great southern group began company great southern founded john young helen began managing south east australian plantations shifted plantations production dealing blue investments 1990s developed plantation business south western western_australia including great southern region company named investors land owned great southern related entity finance ltd lend finance investors young great southern executive chairman listed australian stock exchange founder remained time role retirement february new stock exchange index comprising australian companies market instituted march great southern stocks included group hectares forestry plantations new_south_wales queensland victoria western_australia performance share market strong shares magazine number ranked stock table stocks yield january business faced turbulent times profits levels company period october august remained index december group planting western_australia company reported fourth best performer second best performer preceding years november young indicated company annual meeting harvesting plantations commenced forecast sales growth shares great southern peaked time young sold significant proportion million great southern expanded organic acquired existing beef cattle businesses bought forest products company including million assets purchase meant company forestry plantations northern territory islands great southern cattle properties included property east region similar sized park kilometres west blue ribbon station park near million hectares pastoral company offerings high value uses included furniture following table outlines expansion great southern group operations fall great southern business growing rapidly sales market increasing cent annual report company disclosed returns forestry scheme approximately million expected similarly schemes million future years board chairman peter non executive director expressed concern way great southern funding sales timber products issue leading directly resignation company continued sell million products financial years losses early offerings meeting sales targets share price falling great southern decision returns early investors problem forestry plantations performing expectations timber yields poorer projected great southern projection tonnes assessment suggested plantations yield reduced cases half planned figure company considered yields proving disappointing actual yields planted period harvested tonnes plantation growth limited drought conditions issues site quality early company sales schemes profits peaked million sales net profit tax million harvest plantations yielded return investors bought plantations productive yield profit investors great southern inflated returns funds december young announced step managing director remaining non executive director major saying wanted younger implement company year business plans handed cameron rhodes great southern existing senior management team great southern employees managing investment schemes behalf investors industry sectors investment occurred included beef cattle forestry wine production plantation estate grown hectares vast majority wood pulp production sales declined peak group debt levels rose october business analysts describing company excessively geared group developed proposal known project transform business particular seeking agreement investors swap investments shares great southern limited intention free capital reduce debt business attractive investors analysts research supported strategy company reported million loss financial year global economic regulatory uncertainty associated schemes putting company financial pressure seeking improve situation asset sales debt debt levels risen significantly extended debt financing banks million million september total debt million million owed lead commonwealth bank great southern hoping rise price obtained unsuccessful negotiations japanese customers early business analysts research considered great southern financially stressed hard rapid turnaround outlook company gave great southern managers second lowest rating assessment scale short stating investment detrimental investor portfolio great southern banks refused request million loan great southern attempts extract financial trouble unsuccessful trading halt called company shares worth cents administrators appointed corporations act companies assets passing control receivers assets group primarily land holdings time went administration valued billion despite company expansion plans net assets grown years july receivers determined company complex business structure commentators expect years company collapse fully resolved april timber company taken responsible entity running great southern schemes land grown sold following collapse speculation great southern disclosed market issues rate return going achieve timber investments parliamentary committee inquiries allegations extended possibility noted time difficulties emerging great southern ceo sold shares companies fortunes million australia leading managed investment scheme companies gone administration previous month corporate collapses prompted examination separate parliamentary committee inquiries parliamentary joint committee corporations financial services managed investment schemes reported september second senate select committee agricultural related industries senate economics references committee managed investment schemes bitter harvest published march great southern investors commenced civil action damages claiming company great southern regulation managed investment schemes great southern nearest industry rival estimated having cent managed investment schemes business australia contrast industry participants activity small operations managed investment schemes cent great southern group business miss offer certain advantages investors investment risks large pool investors tax concessions sharing risks private investor schemes intended overcome failures market risk area forestry reflect fact australia plantation development schemes long history criticism reports rural industries research development corporation reported found schemes performed relatively poorly case relating analysis schemes offered public found cent sufficiently sound investments warrant recommendation report observed studies analysis suggests sector continues perform poorly respect realistic actual rates return versus marketed rates limited rights investors issues arising large number small economic size retail investor population arising information dominate economics australian investments commission reported identified issues inadequate disclosure information potential investors poor performance investments high management fees agricultural schemes commission commented deployed percentage resources regulation sector represents minority funds management commenced revision disclosure rules prompted recent turmoil scheme sector great southern group relied significantly financial planners recommending products investors company paying commissions percent high industry standards similar paid failed investment businesses including corporation storm financial spending lot money recruiting financial advisers sell products report indicated million spent commissions marketing promotion years great southern support recommending investment schemes financial services licence report suggested half great southern sales coming tax specialists small practices practices questioned years corporate market analysts widely criticised following great southern collapse experts critical lack knowledge expertise investment advisers recommending schemes taxation treatment schemes crucial investors schemes taxation treatment australian government years encouraging agricultural forestry investment schemes allowing investors claim tax costs investment investors paid great southern fee lease plantation great southern managed investor cost lease income declared year tax assessment purposes tax status investment widely regarded main attraction schemes investors tax driven nature investment sector vulnerable policy changes court interpreting tax law tax law reforms late 1990s resulting major review tax policy called review altered way claimed changes company profit warnings caused decline great southern share price business prospects great southern survived reforms company australian plantation timber driven administration june senate committee report critical australian taxation office advice forestry investments released statement forest product investors investment certainty schemes recovered despite senate committee report critical mass marketed investment schemes recommended government seek advice question current measures monitoring schemes market particular reference franchise schemes schemes including great southern attracted increasing investment driven tax advantages tax benefits investors june extended howard government budget june great southern decision great southern business continued grow sector unhappy taxation uncertainty government moved address tax laws amendment measures bill forest industry peak bodies national association forest industries tree plantations australia investment managers australia australian plantation products paper industry council jointly supported legislation saying end years instability uncertainty future ongoing taxation arrangements retail forestry projects bill attracted heated debate parliament end taxation issues sector moved end tax non forestry investments announcement disappointment great southern cent business stage non forestry affected ruling ruling overturned created significant investor uncertainty great southern australian politics great southern involved controversial industry figured policy debates life publicly listed company centre great southern business development new forest estates commercial harvest australia state federal governments agreed national forest policy statement included goal expanding australia plantation forests foundation july federal forests minister state territory counterparts met endorsed plantation industry target plantation estate million hectares million hectares year october governments australian plantation products paper industry council australian forest national association forest industries jointly released plantations australia vision known plantations federal minister forests wilson strong advocate plantations held federal seat connor western_australia included great southern region significant areas plantation forests forest industry close relationship extent industry paid newspaper advertisements reproduced letter following critical coverage forestry schemes media great southern reproduced letter annual report election year great southern gave governing liberal national parties labor opposition lead federal election great southern donations labor opposition including days release party primary industries policy labor won election great southern managing director john young spoke positively change government labor willingness review policy managed investment schemes environmental land use issues acquiring plantations islands great southern group taken responsibility investment supported local land council opposed environmental non government organisations individuals islands concerns expressed related loss biodiversity greenhouse gas emissions complaints great southern group acquisition conducting clearing plantation activities breach environmental conditions set commonwealth department environment water heritage arts complaints led investigation agreement company government recognised environmental conditions company forestry operations zones designed protect sensitive wetland areas company required fix incursions wetland post million bond ensure works completed provide million years land council indigenous rangers program group indigenous land management staff funded land council great southern conduct environmental works including management monitoring threatened species criticism companies generally great southern group largest company sector particular suggesting appetite land plantations driving land prices regions markets great southern leading competitor reported rise plantation land prices years high demand forestry schemes led plantations expanded suitable land timber growth yield falling projections based better quality plantations farmers claimed driving prices agricultural water markets opinion divided expansion properties region causing towns conversely employment group failure analysis failures great southern group focused factors critics argued investments resembled schemes securing financial returns existing investors relied attracting new investors successful economic activity second great southern group rapid expansion high levels debt difficult economic circumstances new investment diminishing new hard obtain debt successfully serviced experts great southern group expressed concern investor uncertainty caused fueled reporting taxation policy issues scared investors away view australian taxation office rejected arguing administrators great southern identified taxation uncertainty issue finally range commentators considered tax concessions encouraging business models companies focusing selling tax benefits investments profitable production argued led business risks land prices sell products lower optimal prices failure schemes reasons predicted argued know investment driven demand tax market realities associated collapse australian financial review years carried stories critical managed investment schemes story prompted letter supporting forest industries federal government minister wilson great southern collapsed asked comment sydney morning herald said thought plantation strategy good idea time argued investors probably lose money shareholders bit trouble great southern group administration continued editorial attack government policy journalist wrote general rule industries inherently doomed fail investment social good perspective surprised continue fall great southern class action estimated investors lost money collapse took legal action seeking damages great southern said company disclose risks associated managed investment schemes company poor financial performance action sort question adelaide bank asset management great southern finance issued loans investors great southern trial great southern group proceedings began late october concluded late october honour justice principal claim responsible entity great southern managers australia limited issued product disclosure statements corporations act allegations wrongdoing ben parties sought loans void july shortly judgment handed parties settled great southern group proceedings term settlement group members loans ben parties admission loans valid million settlement july resolves class action investors led lawyers targeting adelaide bank involvement great southern schemes class action sought void million loans taken asset management fund schemes basis investors great southern collapsed years ago deed settlement confirms loans valid penalty interest million million paid lawyers cover costs million distributed tens thousands investors sunk nearly billion great southern


boy scouting boy scouts america boy scouting membership level boy scouts america boys young men provides youth training character citizenship mental personal fitness boy scouts expected develop personal religious values learn principles american heritage government acquire skills successful adults achieve boy scouting applies methods scouting ideals scout oath scout law scout motto scout slogan patrol method participation outdoor programs advancement adult association personal growth leadership development uniform boy scouting generally available boys ages eighteen organized scout troops administered volunteers support paid professional staff youth adult members scouts boys referred boy scouts adults chronicle philanthropy industry publication released results largest study charitable non profit organization popularity credibility study showed boy scouts ranked 7th popular charity non profit america charities researched americans age choosing love like lot boy scouts program activities troop program activities determined senior patrol leader patrol leaders council oversight troops generally hold meetings weekly irregular summer troop meeting activities vary training scout skills planning camping trips playing games troops plan activities outside troop meeting involve camping hiking climbing activities important place scouts work skills rank advancement fun engage productive outdoor activities councils operate permanent camps camps host variety activities year summer camp program provides week long session troops includes merit badge advancement adventure activities facilities include ranges shooting sports rifle shotgun climbing common troops district council gather year special weekend called council wide event units camp engage activities competitions learn specialized skills national scout usually occurs years draws scouts country world took place new property summit west_virginia summit permanent place opportunity construct new high adventure base ideals scout law scout oath scout motto scout slogan outdoor code boy scouting scout learns ideals way life personal growth boy scouts understand ideals represent ideals symbolically official scout sign giving scout law scout oath signal silence scout salute flag united_states left handed token friendship identity scouts worldwide boy scouting uses series medals patches badge scout rank consists simple compass needle needle points scout right direction onward upward badge takes scout badge adds stars eagle american shield stars symbolize truth knowledge eagle shield symbolize freedom readiness defend second class badge features inscribed scout motto ends turned rope hanging knot reminds scout remember scout slogan ends symbolize service class badge combines elements second class years class badge emblem star class symbol pointed yellow star initially indicated merit required earn rank life class emblem red heart initially aid health related merit rank required signifies ideals scouting scout life character uniform insignia uniform insignia boy scouts america gives scout visibility creates level identity unit community uniform promote equality showing individual achievement uniforms similar basic design vary color detail identify different divisions scouts boy scouts varsity scouts sea scouts scouts adult leaders wear boy scout uniform generally consists button shirt olive green pants shorts belt dress uniform appropriate professional scouting leaders formal occasions organization troop patrols troop fundamental unit boy scouting troop size vary minimum scouts dozen troop sponsored community organization business service organization private school labor group religious institution chartered organization responsible providing meeting place promoting good program chartered organization representative manages relationship troop chartered organization troop divided patrols scouts led patrol leader elected patrol patrol meetings generally held weekly troop meeting patrol independence troop varies troops activities patrols autonomy visible patrol set camping cooking area divisions patrols disappear event small troop attends patrols hold meetings separately rest troop troops mix older younger scouts patrols older boys teach younger ones effectively den crosses scouting boy scouting new scout patrol method new boy scouts kept group elect patrol leader assigned troop guide older scout acts mentor troops establish venture patrols optional program boys thirteen seventeen years old venture patrols experience autonomy troop ordinary patrols provide older scouts expanded social contact physical challenges venture patrol guided assistant venture responsible venture patrol activities venture patrol members wear standard boy scout uniform venture strip right pocket patrol members boy scouts referred venture scouts sections lone scout program serves boys nearby troop regular basis distance weather time disability difficulties scout participate troop patrol activities learn fun values achievements scouting varsity scouting boy scouting division alternative available boys ages fourteen seventeen takes basic boy scouting adds high adventure sporting elements appealing older youth accomplish aims character development citizenship training personal fitness varsity scouts organized teams separate chartered units boy scout troop varsity scouts participate standard boy scouting advancement program programs unique varsity scouting order arrow program boy scout division national honor society experienced based native american traditions dedicated ideal cheerful service scouts belong troop team members run youths age adult serving advisers advancement recognition youth advancement boy scouts seven ranks grouped phases phase scout second class class designed teach boy skills self reliance scout rank awarded boy joins scouts requires rudimentary knowledge scouting ideals ranks progressive requirements areas physical fitness citizenship personal growth scout spirit scouts permanent mental physical disability use alternate requirements based abilities approved council second phase star life eagle designed develop leadership skills encourage scout explore potential merit badge program ranks require boy serve position responsibility perform community service eagle scout requires addition merit position responsibility community service project planned led entirely eagle scout candidate attaining rank eagle scout earn eagle additional tenure merit eagle highest rank scouts number scouts achieving class year joining key measures unit effectiveness studies shown scout class year joining typically stays scouting years scouts likely retain scout values adult achieve primary mission producing useful citizens ranks presented troop awards ceremony called court honor eagle scout rank usually presented separate special court honor adult recognition boy scout leaders complete training tenure performance requirements recognized system awards training award available leaders key award merit available pinnacle scout leader training wood badge successful participants receive special wooden awards religious programs administered religious institutions recognized generally recognized medal square knot advancement award crime prevention awards emergency award world conservation award available scouts proficiency special areas national court honor responsible awards courts honor eagle scout rank convened national courts honor leadership troop troop separate leadership structures consisting scouts consisting adults adult leadership manages logistics troop activities rank advancement awards maintains troop records finance recruits new scouts adult leaders youth leadership keeps order coordinates labor activities scouts adults cooperate plan troop meetings troop schedule adult leadership troop committee responsible adults approved local council chartered organization committee chairman leads committee members specific tasks treasurer secretary advancement activities equipment membership committee chartered organization representative responsible selection assistant directly responsible training guiding boy leaders working adults bring scouting boys methods scouting achieve aims scouting troop chaplain helps provide spiritual element unit program provides spiritual counseling needed encourage scouts participate religious program youth leadership youth leader troop senior patrol leader elected scouts troop responsible overall performance troop runs troop meetings ensures program troop meetings activities carried advised assistant senior patrol leaders patrol patrol leader assistant patrol leader positions patrol senior patrol leader assistant senior patrol leader patrol leaders patrol leaders council group scouts responsible developing troop program advice youth positions responsibility troop use positions dependent size troop program junior assistant year old scout performs duties assistant takes minutes patrol leaders council meetings troop meetings responsible taking attendance collecting money maintains troop equipment librarian maintains troop library chaplain aide works troop chaplain promotes religious program troop troop historian maintains photos records troop functions meetings den chief works den scouts assisting den leaders helps retain scouts cross boy scouts troop guide senior scout provides guidance new scout patrols leave trace coordinator ensures scouts trained follow leave trace guidelines order arrow representative provides line communication order arrow troop provides music needed instructor teaches scout skills troop positions appointed senior patrol leader advice counsel junior assistant appointed development defined youth leadership training provide growth path youth leaders provides troop leadership training troop level youth leaders encouraged attend national youth leadership training council level select progress national advanced youth leadership experience national level interested courses complete youth staff development course regional level new adult leaders encouraged attend training position completion training mandatory january assistant january training provides essential information need provide safe successful quality program fast start training introduction adult leaders new boy scout program self pace provided video online scouting common online core training adult leaders gives overview scouting youth protection training covers policies preventing child abuse including types signs abuse respond disclosed abuse report suspected abuse adult leaders required complete youth protection program registered certification required years person current certification assistants attend assistant specific training introduction outdoor leader skills instruction scouting outdoor skills completes basic leader training positions trained emblem worn troop committee chairman members attend troop committee challenge instruction program completes basic leader training positions trained emblem worn supplemental training designed provide orientation basic leader training shorter training sessions provided monthly meeting leaders district university scouting offered local councils national training conferences held training center florida national high adventure sea base leader current safe swim defense training required swimming activities boating activities require safety afloat training climb safely training certification required climbing events wood badge advanced training leadership skills adults wood badge consists days training usually presented day weekends application phase months training complete leaders recognized wood badge powder horn high adventure resource course designed help scout leaders safely conduct outdoor activities fun challenging nature provide introduction resources necessary successfully lead youth program high adventure understand involved different high adventure disciplines