sector general sector general series science fiction novels short stories northern irish author james white series derives setting majority books sector general hospital huge hospital space station located deep space designed treat wide variety life forms wide range life support requirements house equally diverse staff hospital founded promote peace humanity war fourth book authorities conclude emergency services effective way peaceful contact new species order treat patients species doctors download brains educator tapes containing necessary medical knowledge tapes transmit personalities donors result doctors struggle tastes imported donors ranging dislike species normal food sexual attraction members donor species running gags include tongue chief psychologist senior non human doctor love gossip especially sexual behavior species series noted diverse believable non alien life forms philosophy white chose hospital setting way generate dramatic tension violence youth wanted doctor work commentators praised series thought decline sixth book reviewer described book positive way throwback earlier era science fiction background sector general gigantic multi species hospital space station founded peace promoting project heroes opposite sides humanity war hospital patients staff dozens species different environmental requirements behaviors stories feature types patient builders initially stories center round career doctor conway rises junior surgeon level senior fourth book federation decides emergency service hospital offers victims space accidents effective means making peaceful contact new species allows series expand range plots characters locations white said troubles northern_ireland induced write sort world like live disliked war youth wanted doctor work relied natural disasters provide conflicts stories need interesting credited wife intensive care nurse height troubles advice medical details pointing good doctors disturbed patients inspired challenges inter species medicine sector general founded promote inter species harmony medical staff prepared treat beings different behavior patterns environmental requirements lethal staff suitable protection hospital uses letter system assign patients provide suitable environments classification technique earlier smith children lens white star introduces classification regarded joke glasgow science fiction club friends trout list sector general species provides partial list species found hospital early learned diseases species specific danger disease virus spreading races potentially causing extreme care taken single instance case deadly consequences necessary physicians download information patients species minds educator tapes recordings memories great practitioners appropriate species addition medical knowledge educator tapes capture personalities medical experts recorded having educator tape active threatens recipient multiple personality disorder new personality vastly different species different behavior codes sexual preferences matters worse donors dominant personalities conflicts running gag users tapes seen sector general eating bland looking sandwich closed eyes hand risk finding members species sexually attractive concern junior doctors usually acquired memories erased soon possible doctor rises hospital hierarchy mind proves sufficiently stable find permanent recipient tapes medical elite sector general different tapes active time supervise treatment species time case species permanent sexes including limited earth humans stories state females psychologically incapable allowing violated extent required educator tapes later books non human female character accidentally sets memories erased relative ease regular characters characters earth human human ambiguous species refers human languages stories feature medical staff wide range species story characters belonging species different protagonist treated referred species reference sexual roles behavior sexes change sex following appear nearly stories conway male earth human starts junior intern course series works way chief surgeon eventually charge surgery conway peter revealed ninth book generally prefers extraterrestrial company species habit thinking aloud healing female earth human seen senior nurse department eventually doctor conway wife large fragile winged insect like low gravity planet addition highly skilled delicate types surgery sense emotions including non intelligent animals desire colleagues avoid displaying negative emotions generally makes willing follow advice pattern reviewer described pleasant streak despite natural distress beings anger fear pain cause uses ability prolonged searches survivors space combat accidents major earth human head hospital psychology department job ensure hospital diverse species work efficiently safely circumstances allow particularly save staff driven insane use educator tapes acute observer behavior uses shrink heads swell called day charge nurse member species looks like giant movements fur completely emotions species incapable lying specialist rescuing victims space accidents native high gravity planet nicknamed body like legged elephant keen senses supplemented provides acute vision degrees charge carries educator tapes fascination gossip especially activities multi breathing species running gag series critical sector general series defined multi species medical stories ron stories murray service stories highly regarded explored similar themes sector general explicitly space opera series contemporary space opera usa notably military mike described series characters memorable crew aliens created michael commented setting television series star trek deep space reminiscent sector general television series set space station different species commentators attribute series popularity doctors emphasis seeking build peaceful relations different species john wrote depiction goodness lie real genius james white white hatred war constant theme series notably star surgeon monitor corps fights savage battle defence hospital space station prevent conflict escalating war end genocide alien race sexual urges eliminated plague stimulated hand hand combat early stories focus entirely medical problems mainly conway viewpoint dave opinion credible end star variety alien viewpoint characters gave later books considerable new deal deeper issues notably better science fiction according opinions differ quality series example wrote sector general stories remained consistently fresh involving grew prominence series progressed hand white wrote series declined star hitting low point later books tended stretch short story worth content length novel thought mind represented improvement publishers weekly described mind white finest performance wit originality medical expertise sheer commented series shows signs aging described book enjoyable witty chief psychologist career clinton lawrence described sector general book double contact positive way throwback earlier era science fiction optimistic depicts advanced species working struggle build trust produce successful contact thought exciting wish noted level characterization minimum required support plot stories series sector general series began short stories published new worlds onwards originally white intended end series star time central characters reached levels careers books persuaded continue extended stories range introducing new central characters beginning code blue emergency focused psychological theological issues guilt forgiveness strictly medical ones books series hospital station stories published new worlds star surgeon major operation stories published new worlds ambulance ship sector general star code blue emergency final diagnosis mind double contact published editions beginning operations contains hospital station star surgeon major operation alien contains ambulance ship sector general star general practice contains code blue emergency tales sector general contains final diagnosis mind notes white short story sector general book hospital station addition books related short stories occupation warrior custom fitting appear collections white aliens fourth past short story custom fitting mention sector general describe federation making contact earth mention sector general introduces alien race appear series short story occupation warrior published provides backstory monitor corps commander appears books editor science fiction adventures removed reference sector general occupation warrior thought grim treated series short story actually set sector general included sector general book wrote science fiction novel called star surgeon list sector general species


novel medal winning children novel published book quartet young boy title character abused dog decided write emotionally experience west_virginia encountered abused dog narrator protagonist preston lives hills friendly west_virginia finding abused owned brutal neighbor society standards business resolves steal hide dog naming web lies secret theft discovered discovers shooting deer season selling lacks money buy works numerous primarily adventure novel novel depicts emotional year old boy themes novel ethics religion morality animal human relationships learns morality choose choices rescuing abused stealing lying allowing reviewers generally gave positive reviews book impressed novel suspense vernacular language addition medal received state awards voted children including children book award mark readers award william allen white children book award book adapted movie novel spawned sequels season saving christmas published respectively taught elementary school courses united_states background publishing born anderson indiana raised indiana illinois 1930s great depression childhood hardly given toys instead parents reading night books formed major early years parents read variety literature including bible stories wind mark novels parent read children evening activities wrote short story church magazine early published book published books wrote published novel living maryland husband speech married adult sons grandchildren writes books children teens adults writing sporadically typically takes years finish book writes story ideas character traits thinks considered norm finished draft weeks edited published books september novel translated languages chinese dutch french german hebrew italian japanese korean spanish swedish plot summary novel set small town friendly west_virginia year old boy named preston finds stray wandering hills near house dog follows home names tribute neighborhood real owner owns hunting dogs fearing dog safety drinks treats hunting dogs poorly want return father insists returned rightful owner dog home returns hides family woods wire pen builds dinner dog evening mother discovers feeding dog persuades reveal secret night attacked german shepherd dog makeshift cage family discovers lying hiding dog taking dog town doctor family return rightful owner sunday travels house try convince allow approaching shoots season mean stiff fine afford lets know knows attempts blackmail eventually negotiate deal earn dollars paid hours working end week says end deal evidence dead passage time disappeared second contract sign worthless state west_virginia signature witness despite pointed disapproval work continues work begin discussing dogs father began physically years old end lets autobiographical elements interview said like novel things happened things heard read mixed characters frequently based sons penned novel following excursion husband visit friends frank west_virginia river discovered dog grass following frightened dog looking seen later said dog frequently forward belly suspected abused dog rushed forward face reached house remained tree head afternoon cried husband trip home night asked nervous breakdown referred writing book believed abused dog confronted series questions knew knew belonged dog kept running write children think years old resided near west_virginia found abused dog decided book dog post office address friendly west_virginia chose town book setting frank adopted abused dog seen said interview description west_virginia precise following directions sequels town houses mill located easily style told person main character preston voice prose errors tone toronto star wrote novel written style distinguished jane new_york_times book review stated novel written comfortable home style writing main story struggle mind morality noted presented simply way fourth grade reader understand scholar praised novel vivid sensory detail enables readers experience inner life thought feeling ing life person narrative shows feels tells lies parents academic fisher wrote children literature association quarterly novel employs seldom ingenious literary technique story told sustained internal monologue presented exclusively present tense society actions adults strained mind concurrently emotional ethical dialogue characters counteract linguistic point view sole narrator time frame bounded past tense opening closing fisher noted novel events confined weeks summer need sweep actions reader concentrate solely ethical crisis conveying mood novel confined thoughts current action uses past perfect occasions depict tones scenes usage conveys turning points story transferring reader immediate tension present growing scholars wrote setting evoked beauty code ethics save dog reviewer ellen wrote west_virginia dialect richly seasons true life dialogue kenneth school library journal perceived depiction family noted father best paid jobs suburban settings novel family poverty stricken reviewer noted adventure novel undergoes physical emotional transformation quest save confronting abusive adult mentally grows concluding saved opened eyes ain bad salem press carol ann characterized novel domestic realism themes abuse love physically abused child wants people interested rescuing abused dog cared rescue harmed youth despite growing harsh man reviewer noted preserves journalist kate wrote inability love borne love family animal human relationships author morris wrote plot themes parallels novel come home knight novels boys fall love dogs owned dogs repeatedly return children mirror scenes ethical fathers try convince morals fall dogs morris wrote portrayed human terms west_virginia masculine friend adopts persona brother believes animals creatures feelings emotions considered hand pastoral west_virginia adults consider animals bring economic benefits humans morris stated children like rural culture advance upper class mindset scholar mills wrote parents belief property concerned treats tell got law law says man pays money dog owns dog odds philosophy strongly believes love money determine ownership ethics explicit meaning honesty juvenile readers journalist nancy observed instead conveys confusing morality main character ethical plot twists harbor antagonist parents steal food tell actions serve contrast persona rescuing dog night jesus want percent honest carry dog creatures kicked creation according news sentinel makes statement children raised healthy families ethical choices ultimately thrive interview said writing children child reading subject time moral dilemma black white answer character child time realize sure answers sort thrilling child meet problem like time believes gray area right wrong instead following straightforward correct path forced select choices reviewer matt times believed book main moral simple entertainment_weekly praised novel writing strongly story moral growth told hint acute insight inner life children literature journal review published assembly literature thompson argued protagonist consistently levels stages development instance walk house wonders easy pie bullet hole head didn despite fears continues walking house persistent protecting despite potential harm death authors year old attain elevated level despite adults able ultimately noting committee thousands readers consider realistic concluded positive role model children essay structure moral dilemma children literature mills wrote deals pitted respect moral duty taught youth respectful worship god injustice abused seeks justify actions thinking lie don lie anymore meant save dog base person act result act saving worse concealed woods german shepherd attacks causing permanently lame worst brought hurt german shepherd probably worse brought short mills noted merely expect consequences entity determined requires review consequences observes season shooting deer uses incident blackmail sell places deer future danger hunting sadly reflects away putting deer danger kill season figure maybe kill save making harder deer essence domestic love principle religion morality reviewers observed religion plays influential role moral decisions takes forbidden bite sister chocolate easter rabbit refuses mother disappointed tells don know ate ear candy rabbit don know jesus knows right minute jesus looking eyes person ate chocolate religious mother teaches people sin separated forever god love academic mills wrote determines save scene reminiscent finn known resolution save jim slavery right hell thinking told save believes bound hell reflects preston told heaven hell true hell guess headed told people allowed heaven animals heaven look left head run away heaven sure near novel conclusion refuses honor agreement witness asks mother witness responds somebody knows lord jesus don mind despite refusal honor agreement maintains decides got choice stick deal happens world ultimately asks going dog simple reply love scholar mills noted resolution stand comes essence stands witness mother religious sense witness ethic love love reception news observer elizabeth ward listed best children books called book tough steel story boy abused dog hill country west_virginia author morris deemed celebrated dog novel entertainment_weekly called compelling read rated novel classics like charlotte web author praised novel voice suspense layer themes received award jane wrote new_york_times book review deserve prize surely book important slight story opined good book great book worthy children books year sacramento bee green disagreed believing worthy award labels best fiction children written year green lauded excellent portrayal superb storytelling area vernacular ellen novel moving powerful look virtues human nature moral choices conflicts everyday life favorable review bulletin center children books wrote readers absorbed plot leave memorable intriguing ethical questions reading teacher praised novel providing gripping account family conflict honesty similarly positive review reviews praised book gripping account mountain boy love dog hiding owner calling unusually warm moving heather frederick christian science monitor praised novel excellent choice family read aloud objected profanity received angry letter parents year old boy angered language book character sworn author replied interview pilot people world speak child glass bubble protect west book reviewers complained dialect novel believing west speak dialect review newspaper writer said read book children chose read dialect honors received john medal annual award bestowed children division american library association given distinguished contribution american literature children dark horse award ohio_state university professor bishop member committee said interview sleeper surfaced contender deep debate january announcement winning medal flooded numerous phone calls requests interviews mail april interview said frankly bathroom phone hook book selected american library association notable children book january sixth state oklahoma selected nominees winner children book award award presented april yearly oklahoma library association conference april annual conference missouri association school received year mark readers award mark award decided annually vote fourth eighth state missouri october received william allen white children book award award decided children state kansas pilot chose subject community wide effort people ages reading talking books beginning october newspaper serialized publishing chapters week end november created book guide printed copies parents teachers chat room created children direct questions comments selected recommended novel children ages read america initiative trilogy placed number seven national education association children book list delighted children given work high ranking taught american elementary school courses sequels sequels season saving christmas published respectively season strife restoring hostility bout drinking issues fears deal confronts confusing ambiguous concept morality season face notion book saving parents persuade people worthy forgiveness midst murder community hastily faults willing grant second chance attempts help family face life death hostility sibling rivalry published september fourth book christmas published printed copies ferocious drought strikes community new pastor joins blaming looking community members lie responsibility people like alcoholic animal reformed fire multiple houses including prompting family help reconstruct homes day friend rachel pastor daughter confined pastor incident forces parents determine disciplinary action crossed line disciplinary abusive book ends characters differing views having christmas meal penned sequels response surprising degree hatred children noting life abuse suffered child hoped novels enable children person like difficult moral choices books quartet movie season saving adaptations film warner pictures released directed juvenile adult works adapted movie starred blake scott wilson million filmed days october california film differed novel key aspects novel family poor economic opportunities limited family room homestead ancient seen decades film family wealthy numerous economic opportunities family story house stunning elegant color schemes appointments makes money quickly transforming family poor makes conflict emotional instead economic novel family hunt animals film father hunt author morris states force film ideology humans animals transformed native novel film holds view humans animals different ain got purpose instead love novel occurs thoughts telling parents book considered internal major film studios director making film external added new characters scenes story change novel author fearful changes suggesting changes film released said good job said right book lives code honor june seen film times interview month noted struck theater film entrances children despite performance movie theaters film received high video sales ranking selections roger_ebert praised film remarkably mature complex story boy loves dog bear depicting real world responsibilities honored best film chicago international film festival version released books performed peter hour long author john praised delivery writing character voices male female creates atmosphere appropriate material


post apocalyptic science fiction novel american writer walter miller published set catholic monastery desert southwestern united_states devastating nuclear war story spans thousands years civilization monks fictional order mission preserving surviving remnants man scientific knowledge day outside world ready based short stories miller contributed magazine fantasy science fiction novel published author lifetime considered classics science fiction print seen editions appealing mainstream genre critics readers alike won hugo award best science fiction novel inspired author participation allied bombing monastery world war novel considered masterpiece literary critics compared favorably works graham walker themes religion church versus state generated significant body scholarly research miller follow work saint wild horse woman published posthumously publication history development walter miller prolific writer science fiction short stories published stories magazines science fiction amazing stories fantastic adventures significant themes stories included loss scientific knowledge socio technological presumed continued technological advance preservation oral transmission archives priests human behavior termed religious thematic elements combined growing post disaster story miller world war experiences set stage short story opening section world war miller served bomber crew participated destruction ancient roman catholic monastery italy founded 6th century experience impressed write decade later short story order monks abbey springs destroyed world story evolve novel published april edition magazine fantasy science fiction originally intended saga continued light risen published august work later grow writing magazine publication february following year miller realized completing novel written working dawn isn novel converted publication stories miller magazine fantasy science fiction marked significant evolution writer craft anthony possessed reputation publishing works careful writing characterization walker considered magazine high class sci pulp appearance stories magazine indicative direction miller writing taken human stories crowded incident concerned values novelization miller simply short stories changed title names characters added new characters changed nature prominence existing characters added latin passages revisions affected religious themes story resulting decided improvements magazine versions latin phrases novel related roman_catholic_church practices rituals official communications susan writes miller include latin phrases add dignity work emphasize religious themes making tradition christian writings changing abbot father juan abbot strengthened motif abbot encountered begins letter latin alphabet abbot begins letter miller expanded scenes increasing importance instance initial encounter brother francis abbot grew pages short story pages novel abbot shown possess doubts uncertainty unlike father juan miller adaptation process add significant layer complexity story walker recognized dimension novel compared coded message book strange language david seed deemed novel charged half concealed meaning added miller stories publication novel messages important activity miller works short stories example original version miller limits explicit symbolism involving letter brother francis voice francis encounter wandering novel miller reserves cross references intellectual analysts builds comedy francis miller extensive experience writing science fiction magazines contributed achievement strengths medium lengths short story short novel effectively combined character action import success length novel rests structure section short novel size motifs allusions making lack ordinary means continuity publication novel published hardcover copyright demand book sufficient prompt year awarded hugo award best novel world science fiction convention new editions issued paperback hardcover times print regularly appears best lists recognized times poll awards best time science fiction novel plot summary background opens years 20th century civilization destroyed global nuclear war known flame text reveals result war violent backlash culture advanced knowledge technology led development nuclear weapons backlash called learning eventually read likely killed took universal books destroyed edward jewish electrical engineer working united_states military surviving war converted roman catholicism founded monastic order order dedicated preserving knowledge hiding books smuggling safety copying order abbey located american southwestern desert near military base worked war old road portion shortest route great salt lake old eventually betrayed later roman_catholic_church candidate centuries death abbey preserving memorabilia collected writings survived flame hope help future generations reclaim forgotten science story structured parts titled parts separated periods centuries let man 26th century year old named brother francis desert searching rock complete shelter brother francis encounters apparently looking abbey hebrew rock appears perfect fit shelter brother francis removes rock discovers entrance ancient fallout shelter containing relics notes memo pads bearing cryptic texts resembling 20th century shopping list soon realizes notes appear written order founder discovery ancient documents causes monastery monks speculate relics belonged brother francis account ultimately turned abbey greatly embellished monks amid rumours francis denies equally refuses deny encounter occurred despite lack witnesses abbot head monastery worries discovery potentially holy relics short period cause delays process francis banished desert complete years later abbey visited god advocate devil advocate church investigators case eventually saint based partly evidence francis discovered shelter brother francis sent new rome represent order mass takes documents found shelter illumination documents spent years working gift pope route robbed illumination taken francis completes journey new rome granted audience pope modeled pope john francis presents pope remaining documents pope francis giving gold ransom illumination francis killed return trip group pope children people severely affected genetic caused radiation intelligence capacity reason receiving arrow face discovers francis body book focuses denied meal fly great plains find food near red river city state based rises let light order preserving half understood knowledge flame subsequent age new dark age ending new renaissance beginning highly regarded secular scholar sent cousin mayor abbey frequently compared interested order preserved collection memorabilia abbey brother talented engineer finished work generator electrical powered electrical generator powers arc lamp gives credit generator work arriving monastery studying memorabilia makes major discoveries asks abbot allow memorabilia removed abbot refuses stating continue research abbey departing comments decades finish analyzing memorabilia makes alliance kingdom neighboring relatively city states threat attack nomadic warriors manipulating regional politics effectively enemies leaving control entire region apollo papal court sends word new rome intends attack empire denver intends use abbey base operations conduct campaign actions apollo executed church declaring loyalty pope death church let year mankind nuclear energy weapons extra solar colonies world asian coalition atlantic confederacy embroiled cold war years order mission preserving memorabilia expanded preservation knowledge rumors sides assembling nuclear weapons space nuclear weapon detonated increase public international tensions abbey current abbot recommends new rome church quo pastor flock shepherd plans involving certain vehicles church nuclear incident occurs asian coalition city underground nuclear explosion destroyed city atlantic confederacy firing warning shot south pacific new rome tells proceed quo plan departure days brother mission leader telling emergency plan church colony planets event nuclear war earth order memorabilia accompany mission night atlantic confederacy launches assault asian coalition space platforms asian coalition responds nuclear weapon confederacy capital city day cease fire issued world court brother space trained monks priests depart secret chartered flight new rome hoping leave earth starship cease fire ends cease fire abbey offers shelter refugees fleeing regions affected fallout results battle abbot doctor government emergency response camp war resumes nuclear explosion occurs near abbey abbot tries flee safety bringing abbey containing consecrated hosts late trapped falling walls abbey finds lying tons rock bones abbey ancient contents skull arrow shaft protruding forehead presumably brother francis section book lies dying abbey rubble encounter rachel rendered unconscious explosion dying tries rachel refuses instead takes implied like virgin mary eve jesus exempt original sin second coming christ begin new cycle earth soon dies having witnessed apparent miracle abbot death scene flashes quo crew launching nuclear explosions begin crew member board starship knocks dirt reference welcome listen words leave home town shake dust feet sic transit passes world coda final depicting ecological aspects war fish poisonous fallout shark death moving particularly deep water noted shark hungry season major themes history scholars critics noted theme history miller works david seed discussing treatment nuclear holocaust science fiction book american science fiction cold war literature film states left walter miller taking place narrative spanning centuries david doctoral considered best overall discussion book calls theme technological progress foundation stone built circular structure history presents support number thematic structural elements unify sections novel events place fictional future parts represent crucial phases western history section depicts church preserving civilization counterpart age faith fall rome action second focuses renaissance secular learning echoing church state science faith final analog contemporary civilization technological material power accelerating neglect faith spirit analysis miller fiction rose connects theme directly miller earlier short fiction works quoting passage ties published edition magazine societies phases struggle integrate hostile environment integration comes explosive expansion culture conquest mother culture rebellious rise young cultures church versus state includes debate future church state abortion thematic issue representative larger conflict church state literary critic edward claimed miller narrative continually returns conflicts scientist search truth state power literary significance reception initial response novel mixed drew responses newspapers magazines normally science fiction reviewed notable publications time new_yorker new_york_times book review spectator new_yorker negative calling miller dull writer guilty heavy weight irony spectator mixed unimpressed time said miller proves effective communicating kind post human lunar landscape disaster dubbed lightweight new_york_times book review solid praise martin hailed ingenious fantasy chicago_tribune gave book unusual exposure outside genre page review chicago_tribune magazine books reviewer fuller calling book extraordinary novel genre reviewer floyd gale praised passages remarkable power decade later time characterized opinion book calling extraordinary novel literary standards flourished word mouth dozen years sales hardcover publication significant justify additional book year novel recognized hugo award science fiction fantasy fans best science fiction novel years praise work consistently high considered science fiction classic arguably best novel written nuclear apocalypse surpassing popularly known books like beach generated significant body literary criticism including numerous literature journal articles books college courses acknowledging roots literary critic david writes universally acknowledged literary masterpiece emerge magazine fellow critic david places novel realm works graham walker stating stands readers best novel written genre national book award recipient declared mystery came chance fell apart normal negative hold higher esteem scholars critics explored themes encompassed novel frequently focusing motifs religion church versus state adaptations cast serial novel adapted radio john broadcast national public radio npr directed produced carol narrated production bbc broadcast minute books andrew price brother francis michael adaptation campbell directed wilson adaptation read nick produced bbc radio extra broadcast minute parts sequel end life miller wrote installment abbey saint saga saint wild horse woman length novel pages significantly longer predecessor set seventy years events centuries suffering writer block fearful new work unfinished miller arranged author terry complete according tie loose ends miller left novel tells story brother george abbey unlike brother francis wants released holy vows leave abbey addition travels cardinal personal secretary book describes political situation 33rd century church empire power miller died novel publication saint wild horse woman called walter miller novel reviewer silver points saint wild horse woman deserve read fantastic novel suffering comparison miller earlier work


ash garden ash garden novel written canadian author dennis published novel following release collection short stories ash garden follows stories main characters affected world war hiroshima bombing victim german nuclear physicist austrian jewish refugee narrative non linear jumping different times places point view characters story written person stories written person took years write novel writing drafts having published august canada alfred usa critics gave positive reviews best seller canada nominated international dublin literary award books canada novel award prize analysed literature journals including canadian ethnic studies noted similarities character hiroshima background time publication author dennis years old living toronto previously published book short stories called struggled project novel taking years write novel canada originally owned rights withdrew book citing difference opinion editor written drafts including main character art historian involved art theft looting world war working title man principle gave draft editor bruce sold wrote book help bruce editors liz published book summary narrative characters takes place anniversary atomic bombing hiroshima story character told small girl living hiroshima parents younger brother grandfather following atomic bombing parents dead brother recover hospital grandfather cares patients brother dies travels united_states group girls receiving surgery way american media takes interest girls appears episode life american audience bringing later documentary filmmaker approaches new project scientist nazi_germany following disagreement direction nuclear program recruited flees france spain portugal manhattan_project witnesses tests travels hiroshima recording aftermath regrets consequences atomic bombs attends conference maintains belief necessary end war prevented deaths marries professor columbia_university new_york small town outside toronto beginning jewish parents sent away austria board louis turned away cuba sent united_kingdom living refugee camp canada met diagnosed takes planning elaborate landscapes year refusing medical treatments disease funeral reveals extent involved life met hospital grandfather working feeling way ensured list girls surgery secretly filmed memorial events waiting find style themes portions book follow character written person narrative portions following use person tone described calm central theme identity attempts find states main characters ash garden refugees don belong desperate search home harper magazine compares ash garden michael english patient book ends begins essay journal canadian ethnic studies looked ash garden japanese historical perspective finding strong similarities real life hiroshima maiden character noting roman publication reception book released hardcover august published canada alfred united_states united_kingdom ordered initial print run copies debuted sport fiction bestseller list peaked late september early october translated published multiple languages including japanese german book finalist books canada novel award prize international literary award promoting greater understanding pacific rim south asia nominated vancouver public library bergen public library international dublin literary award time brian bennett wrote ash garden page turner prose reader smooth sculpted sentences rich detail subtle meditation magazine brian wrote engaging beautifully written powered memorable characters ash garden seduce reads christian science monitor fiction critic ron charles wrote moves forth time series exquisite scenes keeping vision tightly focused despite world altering events describes makes novel compelling disturbing emotional restraint quality prose review said writing dense immensely review library journal highly recommended books canada reviewer highlighted occasions prose turns pop later review called brilliant novel superb plot twists adventure reading japanese review noted inaccessible characters remote reader truly review new_york_times literary critic called elegant novel tries hard links connect characters experiences london review sunday telegraph critical finding badly let form split time scale narrative significantly short narrative novelist concludes reads work young writer effort


harry potter chamber secrets harry potter chamber secrets second novel harry potter series written plot follows harry second year school series messages walls school corridors warn chamber secrets opened heir kill pupils come magical families threats found attacks leave residents school frozen like stone year harry friends ron investigate attacks book published united_kingdom july united_states june inc found difficult finish book won high praise awards critics young readers book industry critics thought story frightening younger children like novels series harry potter chamber secrets triggered religious debates religious authorities condemned use magical themes praised emphasis self sacrifice way person character result person choices commentators noted personal identity strong theme book addresses issues racism treatment non magical non human non living characters commentators regard diary warning acceptance information sources motives reliability checked institutional authority portrayed self serving incompetent book known connections sixth novel series harry potter half blood prince film adaptation novel released time seventh highest grossing film received generally favourable reviews video games loosely based harry potter chamber secrets released platforms obtained favourable reviews plot family uncle aunt cousin entertain potential client drill manufacturing company harry potter events previous year including enrollment school confrontation lord dark wizard reign seemingly ended killed harry parents attempted failed kill harry fact best friends institution written birthday novel opens harry starting return school house named arrives warn harry decision return world citing grave danger reason harry punishment crafted dinner party frames harry ron arrives twin brothers fred george perform father arthur enchanted ford deposit family home remainder holidays harry rest mother eldest son daughter travel alley reunited introduced father harry school nemesis appointed defense dark arts professor harry ron plan depart rest school barrier king cross station separates refuses allow passage forcing fly arthur car school crash willow tree grounds crash lands hot water head house professor doesn expel spite clear breach magical law assign ron clean school trophies trophy room harry help professor addressing fan mail classes turn obsessed man proven hands training experience pack destructive small bluish creatures exist cause harry learns prejudice exists world way blood status pure blood heritage advantage harry begins hearing voice hear seemingly coming walls school death day party ghost trio happens cat belonging school warning walls chamber opened enemies heir rumours fly school history chamber secrets harry friends answer comes way professor history magic chamber secrets houses terrible monster created school founders fundamental believing students non magical refused entry school balls involved chases harry instead player hit breaking arm returns middle night visit harry hospital wing revealing sealed gateway king cross chamber secrets opened attack occurs time year named harry school enters panic mode setting class students led master head house revealed harry speak snakes sparks mill students school suspect harry heir evidence support theory arrives form attack time second year ghost harry ron begin suspect attacks given family history remaining ranks open hostility born students allows vincent gregory hour comes father told son general facts previous opening chamber occurred years previously warren ghost bathroom provides new clue form diary deposited stall diary belonged tom student knows chamber having witness fellow student death years ago culprit reveals harry school attacked alongside school forced leave premises fortunately harry ron left set instructions follow spiders currently fleeing forbidden forest find monster blamed attacks years massive spider named explains duo real monster spiders fear provides set clues inform monster identity giant harry ability understand kills dead devices indirectly saw monster spiders offspring fear harry figures hints dropped student died previous attacks apparently taken monster chamber discover entrance bathroom harry ron enter chamber professor reveals fraud causes attempt modify boys memories ron damaged harry enter arrives find weakened state watched explains boy future setting harry harry defeats monster destroys diary makes disappear harry ron return main castle reunite caused troubles course year given reasons greater takes great interest qualities diary harry gives bursts meeting demanding know returned school accompanied revealing family enslaved house provides harry cues diary ownership tom possession harry returns scenario involving employment students cured end year exams cancelled comes middle final feast harry returns drive higher spirits left publication reception development found difficult finish harry potter chamber secrets afraid live expectations raised harry potter philosopher stone harry potter stone delivering manuscript schedule took weeks revision early drafts book ghost nearly nick sang self composed song explaining condition circumstances death cut book editor care poem subsequently published extra official website family background dean thomas removed publishers considered unnecessary considered journey discovery important central plot publication harry potter chamber secrets published july june immediately took place best seller lists displacing popular authors john tom terry making author win british book awards children book year years succession june went straight best seller lists including new_york_times edition errors fixed subsequent initially said remaining ancestor instead descendant book entitled weekends point later book critical response harry potter chamber secrets met near universal acclaim times described harry potter chamber secrets children book read adulthood highlighted strong plots engaging characters excellent jokes moral message flows naturally story fantasy author charles agreed considered second harry potter book good harry potter philosopher stone rare achievement series books thomas wagner regarded plot similar book based searching secret hidden school enjoyed parody celebrities fans centres round approved book handling racism found book disturbing predecessor particularly behaviour harry friends harry information human like behaviour considered second story enjoyable mary stuart thought final conflict tom chamber scary stephen king works strong young children commented surprises imaginative details thrown normally fill lesser books like reviewers thought book pleasure children adult readers according philip early reviews gave praise later ones included criticisms agreed book outstanding writing seven books published davis regarded harry potter chamber secrets weakest series agreed plot structure harry potter philosopher stone described appearance arm harry heal said book explain knew find harry timing precise arriving earlier probably prevented battle arriving later fatal harry awards honours harry potter chamber secrets recipient awards american library association listed novel notable children books best books young adults named harry potter chamber secrets editors choices fantasy novels youth cooperative children book center novel choice fiction children category novel won children book year british book award guardian children award award harry potter chamber secrets won book prize gold medal years division won book prizes harry potter philosopher stone harry potter prisoner scottish arts council awarded children book award novel awarded platinum book award novel listed number bbc survey big read themes harry potter chamber secrets continues examination makes person began book maintaining harry identity shaped decisions aspect birth harry potter chamber secrets provides contrasting characters try conceal true personalities puts lacks real identity charming harry struggle understand pointing similarities half raised probably come great opposition class death impacts experiencing sacrifice love friendship loyalty prejudice racism constant themes series harry potter chamber secrets harry consideration respect extends non human ghost nearly nick according achievements novel depend hard work natural talents edward associate professor university says central characters chamber secrets book tom enchanted diary takes control planned suggests intended warning consuming information sources williams amy regard diary like instant chat room system agree dangers relying written word camouflage author highlight comical example self promoting books portrayal authority negative significant themes novel states absolute moral rules harry potter world example harry prefers tell truth lies considers necessary like enemy end harry potter chamber secrets promise punish harry ron break school rules professor estimates broken rewards ending threat chamber secrets states authority figures political institutions receive little respect william university queensland australia states minister magic presented article harry potter secular city suggests ministry portrayed bureaucratic saying ministry officials busy coin politically correct like non magical community memory modification magical novel implies begins cake nearly nick party bears words sir nicholas died october connection harry potter half blood prince chamber secrets links sixth book series harry potter half blood prince fact half blood prince working title chamber secrets says originally intended present crucial pieces information second book ultimately felt information proper home book objects play significant roles half blood prince appear chamber secrets hand glory necklace sale cabinet damaged tom diary later shown additionally novels ones focus harry relationship adaptations film film version harry potter chamber secrets released chris columbus directed film screenplay written steve film exceed million international box office sales preceded released harry potter philosopher stone released film nominated saturn award best fantasy film according metacritic film version harry potter chamber secrets received generally favourable reviews average score aggregator rotten_tomatoes gave score video games unique video games different developers released electronic arts loosely based book


prelude million years prelude million years book wood novel consisting thirty wood american artist ward fourth ward novels genre ward discovered studying wood europe influence works symbol rich story tells sculptor quest ideal beauty reality struggles neighbors depths great depression softer art style contrast german influenced artwork ward earlier works background ward son methodist minister social activist harry ward career younger ward displayed work influence father interest social injustice ward married writer couple left europe ward spent year studying wood leipzig germany encountered german art read novel sun flemish artist ward returned united_states illustrations came german artist novel destiny new_york_city work inspired ward create novel gods man followed drum wild pilgrimage december ward cooperative press dedicated hands approach content style book opens dream sequence sculptor flower beauty sculptor struggles capture vision beauty sculpture woman artistic pursuits reality toll depression 1930s taken people paths crosses neighbor beaten husband violent social protest nationalists flames returns studio trying flee ward returns theme artist decaying culture explored novel gods man intended work commentary depression colored gods man headlines declaring endless strikes lock outs political spin ward inevitably process set motion style evolved angular german ward earlier books softer art uses symbols book spinning indicate passage time fire echoing emotions street riot city buildings capitalism flags patriotism prominent symbol flower representing artist distracted quest beauty remains indifferent turmoil production publication reception ward thirty wood book ranging size inches inches published cooperative press cooperative ward edition book published limited copies printed original hand bound french gold foil spine priced sold brought revenue sustain book projects reception mixed reviewer praised ward visual mastery ward repetition plot protagonist revolt society sex self succumbed scarlet woman final wood john considered prelude million years favorite ward novels


sweet tooth novel sweet tooth novel english writer published august deals experiences protagonist early 1970s graduating cambridge recruited involved covert program combat communism intellectual world romantically involved mark complications wanted write novel dealing social turmoil 1970s sweet tooth large extent based life story explores relationship artistic integrity government propaganda addresses competing approaches literature boundary reality fiction tested novel dedicated late friend christopher referred directly book play host real life literary event book involving martin appear story critical reception mixed reviewers found novel moving poignant saw weaker previous work plot summary plot set england rhymes daughter anglican bishop shows talent mathematics admitted university_of_cambridge struggles academically graduates cambridge romantically involved tony canning professor abruptly ending affair position job low level exciting opportunity appears offered chance new covert program sweet tooth counter communist propaganda cold war agency wants offer financial assistance young writers academics journalists anti communist bent avid quick reader fiction given task burgeoning writer thomas immediately taken published short fiction travels university sussex works offer fictional freedom international foundation soon begin romantic affair things gradually start discovers professor canning turns broke affair knew dying cancer fact soviet spy recruited agency wanted canning novel comes great critical success anti capitalist theme received agency finally affair exposed press sweet tooth program threatened fears lost love forever knows known program months instead ending affair decided turn story novel reader discovers author sweet tooth fact despite written person perspective novel ends asks letter marry autobiographical elements reviewers pointed thomas character shares traits biographical details author like studied university sussex later university east prestigious universities stories summarised briefly novel cases similar earlier work goes particularly début novel closely follows plot fragments short story sheets novel wins fictional jane prize fiction debut love rites rewarded somerset award acquaintances period cameo appearances novel including friend martin publisher tom mentor hamilton open autobiographical elements book called muted distorted autobiography muted memoir young writer significant differences author character academic writer fiction professional author entire career intelligence agency plot completely fictional scheme described book run says unfortunately beautiful woman came room offered genre style sweet tooth love story spy novel book literature boyfriend read lover literature highly accomplished writer literary scholar different attitudes literature prefers approach life book reflects real life hand modernist school enjoys experimentation work plays differences firstly placing novel line author character secondly writing appears straight person narrative perception end themes long wanted write novel 1970s formative period life refers time life united_kingdom turbulent period striking miners energy crisis conflict northern_ireland repeated states emergency shifts government period cold war western governments trying win war ideas highly operation sweet tooth entirely fictional story inspired actual scandal affecting conservative literary magazine encounter revealed received covert funding cia uses story explore relationship artist government need literature remain independent according problem anti communist crusade secrecy conducted required state relation arts laid table critical reception observer enjoyed russian doll novel multiple layers keen emotional pull certain way felt pages answered questions moved tears financial times taken stories story tended suck main narrative saw device different crafts writing short stories novels benjamin writing national post pointed blended spy fiction literary criticism combination exciting reference tom different literary preferences concluded novel satisfy reviewers enthusiastic daily_telegraph catherine taylor found protagonist little found narrative sadly missing work review economist scathing referring sweet tooth finest book reviewer concluded end hard feel heroes notions depth james guardian found political questions raised earlier parts novel fully addressed end found caught exactly kind narrative disliked asked end particularly ending book saw good excuse beginning read rich enjoyable novel reviewer confessed ending send novel want throw book window statistical journal significance analyses representation famous mathematical hall problem


type star size planet orbit star slightly massive slightly smaller sun slightly cooler metal rich star observed organization search planets starting manual follow observations spectrum measurements radial velocity led discovery planet planet star presented team scientists testing idea hot tend circular assumption planets constrained history observed july november wasp south station planet searching program based south african astronomical observatory observations star revealed periodic decrease wasp south north station los observatory islands collected observations allowing scientists produce accurate light curve set observations yielded point data set light curve prepared late considered discovery paper european science team investigated star collected seventeen radial velocity measurements analysis collected data ruled possibility detected radial velocity caused blended spectrum star supporting possibility body planet designated observatory chile follow discovery searching point planet crossed host star transit detected recently discovered planet planets discussion exploring validity common assumption scientists closely hot planets highly circular proven reported single discovery paper published royal astronomical society paper submitted monthly notices royal astronomical society characteristics type star class star sun located mass times sun terms size radius times sun effective temperature cooler sun star metal rich relation sun measured times iron found sun layer active star rotate high velocity star apparent magnitude seen earth naked eye system known planet orbit planet hot mass radius times host star days distance approximately mean distance earth sun orbit exists edge host star respect earth fit indicating circular orbit


planet discovered orbit star planet mass nearly half radius size low relative mass caused core low mass present planet approximately distance sun earth days star observed times program later focused follow observations analysis collected radial velocity measurements led discovery reported journal april follow study published investigated cause inflated planets examined constrained mass radius density age discovery november april images star north program based los observatory islands led identification host potentially object follow observations taken february james gregory scotland took star images taken obscured cloud cover discarded reference star measurements investigating system able create light curve planet observed february observatory france determining radial velocity body use optical islands gained measurements yielded characteristics star analysis data body characteristics discovery body mass radial velocity measurements led confirmation planet discovery reported journal astronomy european southern observatory discovery paper received journal april later team observed find caused hot high rise camera liverpool detect partial observed period quality slightly compromised passing cloud cover collected observations observations confirm planet scaled filter errors background noise data define parameters including age mass radius density study noted limb effect present characteristic affect future atmospheric studies planet host star type star located measurements taken mass radius age later study liverpool better constrained parameters star mass estimated times mass sun radius times sun density time sun density characteristics defined taking limb account star measured iron content placed roughly similar sun star estimated effective temperature slightly warmer sun apparent magnitude making invisible eye seen earth characteristics planet estimated mass including limb times radius times radius planet words half mass slightly fourteen tenths size low mass likely attributed presence low mass core total lack core according discovery paper host star distance circles star completely days study planet recognized fifth lowest density planet known means edge seen earth


planet orbit young active low mass star planet hot mass twice radius equal candidate program conducted follow ups instruments observatory chile confirmed planet existence provided physical characteristics planet discovery published april time discovery period approximately days hours second shortest orbit detected surpassed addition time discovery closely hot known phenomenon likely explained host star low mass history host potential event body crosses host star data collected british organization working discover planets entirety sky particular observed leg wasp south south african astronomical observatory january later observation northern southern led collection data points january use observatory chile fourteen measurements radial velocity method confirmed planet revealing mass process use helped science team working planet create light curve planet transit december planet discovery published journal astronomy april secondary transit planet reported observation phases planet reported september host star type star light years away star mass times sun radius times sun star effective temperature making star cooler sun metal poor regards sun iron sun star young estimated million years old compared sun billion years analysis lines indicated active star detected planet orbit star apparent magnitude faint seen eye earth characteristics dense hot mass times mass radius times planet host star mean distance days hours period time discovery second shortest orbit detected surpassed addition closest orbit host star hot time discovery comparable super earth planet candidate hot known small periods planets exceptionally small periods days extremely rare case planet proximity explained host star low mass rarity systems like planet suggest hot usually occur low mass stars planets maintain stable stars planets conflicted currently accepted models tidal movements derived observations star systems revisions model regard planets proposed help models conform parameters planets comparison planet mercury period days lies mean distance sun


star located field view mission nasa operation search earth like planets home fourth planets discovered planet size gas giant named light star massive sun nearly twice sun radius slightly metal rich major factor formation systems planet presented january meeting american astronomical society nomenclature discovery received home seventh system discovered nasa led mission project aimed detecting terrestrial planets transit pass host stars seen earth planet fourth planet discovered spacecraft planets data previously discovered verify accuracy measurements announced public january meeting american astronomical society washington noted unusually extremely low density planet initial discovery verified additional observations hawaii texas arizona california islands characteristics star means star massive wider sun star estimated billion years old estimated meaning approximately metal rich sun plays significant role formation systems metal rich stars tend likely planets orbit star effective temperature comparison billion year old sun releases heat effective temperature star apparent magnitude meaning extremely dim seen earth seen naked eye estimated lie light years solar system system planet discovered orbit meaning mass planet nearly halves size density grams planet approximately density water comparable distance host star completes orbit days planet mercury sun takes approximately days complete orbit assumed circular orbit definition


abbreviated named thai pronounced planet approximately light years earth major planet discovered located long period star orbit lasts years planet mass times july international astronomical union launched process giving proper names certain host stars process involved public nomination voting new names december announced winning planet winning submitted thai astronomical society thailand sisters associated thai folk tale discovery like majority known planets discovered detecting changes star radial velocity caused planet gravity measuring shift star spectrum time discovery known host planet designated measurements radial velocity revealed data planet explained assuming second planet designated existed system period close years observations suggested explained stellar activity making planet interpretation likely planet announced measurements failed detect planet calling existence question furthermore noted data determine existence left planet parameters recent study spanning days came conclusion existence second planet system likely periods days high false alarm gave best fit period days years study published determined giant planets including days corresponds original claims physical characteristics detected indirectly properties radius composition temperature unknown based high mass planet likely gas giant solid surface


abbreviated named planet sun like star days discovery april paul butler multiple planet system discovered main sequence star multiple planet system known multiple star system known planet order distance star july international astronomical union launched process giving proper names certain host stars process involved public nomination voting new names december announced winning planet winning submitted astronomy club morocco honours 10th early 11th century muslim spain discovery like majority known planets detected measuring variations star radial velocity result planet gravity making precise measurements shift spectrum time discovery known host planet hot clear inner planet explain velocity curve san_francisco state university harvard center independently concluded planet model best fit data new planets designated orbit mass star eccentric orbit eccentric major planets solar system including orbit axis puts planet zone explain planet proposed close encounter lost outer planet encounter moved eccentric orbit closer star ejected outer planet system subsequently moved inner planet present eccentric orbit rogue planet ejected immediately unclear likely situation models possible limitation radial velocity method detect unknown lower limit planet mass obtained combining radial velocity measurements ground based data space determined actual mass times mass preliminary measurements suggest orbit inclined plane sky measurements later proved useful upper limits worthless probably inner planet mutual degrees characteristics given planet high mass likely gas giant solid surface surface gravity times earth planet detected indirectly observations star properties radius composition temperature unknown lies zone defined ability world retain liquid water surface based radiation received star


abbreviated named planet sun like star days discovery april paul butler multiple planet system discovered main sequence star multiple planet system known multiple star system second known planet order distance star july international astronomical union launched process giving proper names certain host stars process involved public nomination voting new names december announced winning planet winning submitted astronomy club morocco honours 11th century ibn muslim spain discovery like majority known planets detected measuring variations star radial velocity result planet gravity making precise measurements shift spectrum time discovery known host planet hot clear inner planet explain velocity curve san_francisco state university harvard center independently concluded planet model best fit data new planets designated orbit mass like majority long period planets orbit eccentric major planets solar system including placed solar system lie earth venus high result planet suggest orbit returns original circular state roughly years proposal interactions lost outer planet moved orbit closer star gradually caused orbit eccentric rogue planet immediately unclear likely situation models possible limitation radial velocity method detect unknown lower limit planet mass obtained combining radial velocity measurements ground based data space determined actual mass times mass mutual degrees characteristics given planet high mass likely gas giant solid surface planet detected indirectly observations star properties radius composition temperature unknown actual mass approximately times star similar sun actually small brown dwarf


discovered orbit sun like star spacecraft nasa aiming discover earth like planets second planet star likely water planet thin hydrogen atmosphere days estimated density twice pure water estimated mass thirteen times earth radius times earth sister planets form discovered system planets system holds record compact system discovered planets announced public february published nature day later discovery divided parts named star planets discoveries announced time distance second closest planet host star time discovery closest host star named satellite nasa searches terrestrial planets measuring small fluctuations light stars occurs bodies transit cross star respect earth home potential transit event satellite given designation observations existence confirmed observation resonance effect planets orbit announced february press conference findings published february journal nature system known host planets follow observations conducted shane california arizona hawaii hobby smith texas optical islands host star host star type star light years away mass radius effective temperature identical sun terms radius mass temperature older sun estimated age billion years sun approximately billion years old host planets inner planets fit orbit planet mercury distance comparison inner components apparent magnitude seen earth naked eye characteristics mass radius making times mass earth approximately times radius neptune comparison radius approximately times earth density grams mass double pure water sun gas giants dense rocky planets density closest dwarf planet proximity star planet temperature times earth average temperature days distance second closest planet mercury comparison days distance orbit edge seen earth team said probably composed water thin hydrogen atmosphere comparison outer planets system probably large hydrogen proximity star blown atmosphere planet system form nasa considers compact system discovered orbit phenomenon called resonance keeps orbit stable ratio


abbreviated designated named main sequence type star approximately light years away sun star system known planets designated later named respectively masses comparable system planet hot neptune super earth discovered nomenclature designation entry henry catalogue established convention planets planets receive designations consisting star followed lower case roman letters starting order discovery system team led hand team led proposed modification designation system planets designated order characterization parameters planet poorly constrained introduction planet model system results different order designations planets system systems agree designation day planet old system day planet day planet outer planet international astronomical union defined official system designations planets issue convention correct remains open subsequent scientific publications system appear adopted system system entry planets july international astronomical union launched process giving proper names certain host stars process involved public nomination voting new names december announced winning names star planets respectively system winning names submitted spain famous spanish writer author don planets named characters novel lead character love interest horse stellar characteristics according measurements satellite exhibits earth moves sun combined known distance earth sun means star located distance light years seen earth apparent magnitude visible naked eye analysis star reveals approximately massive sun significantly older billion years radius star greater sun star contains twice abundance iron relative hydrogen sun described metal rich enriched sun element listed type means star similar sun star star entering stage evolution starts run hydrogen core reflected uncertain class main sequence dwarf star stars like sun system discovery planet announced anglo australian planet search team planet planet designated thought highly eccentric orbit days discovery variations star radial velocity measured observing shift star lines result pulled planet gravity observations revealed presence second object system designated published time parameters planet poorly constrained thought orbit years high later small inner planet designated announced mass comparable day orbit class planets known hot discovered discovery making high precision radial velocity measurements high accuracy radial velocity planet teams led independently announced planet models radial velocity measurements star new planet near circular orbit lasting approximately days new model gives revised parameters previously known planets lower previous model including robust characterization orbit discovery fourth planet second known planet system system architecture system consists inner mass planet tight day orbit massive planets probably gas giants wide near circular contrasts high typically observed long period planets mass planet planet core gas giant outer layers stripped away stellar radiation alternatively formed inner regions system rocky super earth inner gas giants located close resonance causes undergo strong interactions best fit solution system actually unstable suggest system destroyed million years significantly shorter estimated age star system stable solutions including ones planets actually resonance similar situation system found slightly worse fit data searches discs evidence debris disc similar belt belt faint detected current instruments gas giant planet located liquid water zone prevent earth like planet forming zone large gas giant potentially support liquid water hand unclear massive actually form gas giant planet thanks apparent scaling law mass planet satellite system addition measurements star suggest potentially planets receive trigger formation planet receive similar earth lies zone hot support surface liquid water


designation star northern traditionally known unusual system comprising companion generally accepted huge dark disk unknown object possibly system small type stars years drops apparent visual magnitude lasts days addition eclipse system low non consistent period days distance system subject debate modern estimates place approximately light years earth suspected variable star german observed later observations friedrich reinforced initial suspicions attracted attention star study great detail work revealed system variable star partner light companion subject debate object light expected object size popularly accepted model companion object star system surrounded massive disk dust theories object large star black hole discarded history star easily visible naked eye observations suggest notice system variable eventually german mathematician prussian friedrich began observing years data revealed star significantly attracting attention men point significantly returned normal following september attracted attention data compiled data revealed vary long period experienced short term variations later took place nearly thirty years later observing conduct detailed study star published article titled den von investigations light changes suggested star variable targeted observation international year astronomy observers years overlapped recent eclipse observations january meeting american astronomical society nasa science center california institute technology reported observations nasa space earlier observations point primary post giant branch star times mass sun periodically eclipsed single class star inside disk accomplished pointing star corner instead directly effectively reduce sensitivity preventing star second shortest duration images obtained data supports presence companion star disk establish particle sizes like gravel like fine dust nature system nature system unclear long known consist components undergo periodic unusual flat years early explanations exceptionally large stars black holes odd shaped discs longer accepted main explanations account known observed characteristics high mass model primary yellow low mass model primary evolved star variations high mass model popular primary star appearances large star early late class distance estimates consistently lead expected bright exception measurement margin error large value derived distance likely main problem model nature secondary required mass primary odds observations appears type main sequence star secondary close involving lower mass main sequence stars complex system low mass model recently citizen sky project proposes primary evolved giant branch star relies distance estimates lower observations star unusually large bright giant star given mass possibly result high mass loss match observed eclipse data secondary fairly normal main sequence star embedded thick disc seen nearly edge orbit fairly determined inclined degrees primary disk nearly thirty apart high mass model approximately distance planet neptune sun visible component visible component post giant branch star belonging class type star times diameter sun times reliable sources vary considerably estimates quantities star position sun mercury possibly venus type stars like tend glow white display strong calcium absorption lines weak hydrogen absorption lines class sun type star type stars typically stars type stars include primary star star minor second star night sky star component component light visible naked eye heated region discovered center object exact form component known concerning nature second object proposed garnered attention scientific community hypothesis set forth suggested star system containing extremely cool star completely eclipse companion star light emitted eclipsed companion resulting observed decrease magnitude scattered light detected earth star visible naked eye light significantly published paper outlined defects model proposed companion large disk system edge perspective earth robert wilson proposed central opening lay disk possible reason system sudden mid way eclipse system observed far explorer fuse star system energy rates characteristic objects star system black hole system object occupying center disk expected sort contrast new hypothesis suggested central object actually type star observation star easily found apparent proximity star apex triangle forming nose star bright seen urban locations moderate amounts light pollution visual variable star observers estimate comparing nearby stars known value citizen sky national science foundation awarded year grant fund citizen science project built eclipse project called citizen sky organizing training participants observe eclipse report data central database addition participants help analyze data testing theories publishing original research articles peer reviewed astronomical journal etymology system designation invented german star known colloquially derive arabic billy goat corresponding star latin goat chinese meaning pillars refers consisting consequently known star pillars gallery


hat hat planet orbit hat lies light years away earth discovery reported june suspected planet early planet mass eighty percent larger inflation discovery similar planets hat raised question temperature causes planets large hat difficult confirm star experiences high disrupted ability obtain accurate measurements greater number radial velocity observations collected confirmation later determined hat determined radial velocity method planet confirmation came planet light curve collected process ruled false positive scenarios discovery hat existence suggested observations collaboration project searches sky planets transit crossing host stars presence planet hat orbit suspected early high levels detected random appearance clouds accuracy measurements difficult easily verify radial velocity candidate host star usually leads planet confirmation start spectrum hat composed digital meter fred lawrence observatory arizona collected data found star single dwarf star exhibiting slight rotation parameters including effective temperature surface gravity found additionally meter france observatory observe star resulting data invited possibility radial velocity measurements exhibit indicate presence planet background distortion planet possibility significantly complicated ability scientists verify planet observations follow ups postponed years september december collected high resolution hires instrument hawaii observatory data derive hat radial velocity far greater number gathered hat number usually gathered candidates compensate data effect concluded data caused stellar activity presence planets apparent investigating science team radial velocity data prove existence hat observations hat conducted fred lawrence observatory meter hosted instrument data create light curve hat slight observed hat believed star program called similar blender technique verify planets discovered observing hat hoped rule false positive alternatives explain planet like signal seen hat light curve radial velocity use ruled possibilities signal caused triple star mixture bright star star background possibility hat actually star secondary companion dim distinguishable brighter star ruled data indicated planet hat exist discoveries high planets hat hat contributed question factors temperature contribute large inflated planets lies planet far newly discovered hat planets far smaller radius discoveries hat hat reported journal paper submitted june authors discovery paper planets suggested usage space observe hat star better define characteristics host star hat type star lies light years away earth star solar masses solar star words massive larger sun effective temperature hat sun metal rich measured means hat iron measured sun hat younger sun estimated age billion years surface gravity star determined values determined assumption planet hat irregular eccentric orbit hat apparent magnitude seen earth naked eye dim high levels detected spectrum hat ability collect sensitive radial velocity measurements possible loss accuracy prevented possibility hat actually star secondary companion visually indistinguishable brighter primary companion case star hat system mass times sun search companion star observatory negative possible planets shorter periods hat exist system time hat discovery radial velocity measurements collected determine characteristics hat planet masses words massive slightly twice size hat star average distance average distance sun earth orbit completed days hours hat temperature times measured temperature best fit shape hat orbit suggests orbit slightly elliptical planet fit star hat high level difficult planet accuracy planet defined characteristics based assumption hat elliptical orbit planet derived hat characteristics assumption planet circular orbit elliptical model chosen considered likely scenario hat seen earth planet edge seen earth planet observed transit host star


confirmed terrestrial planet discovered outside solar system discovered months data collection course nasa directed mission aims discover earth like planets crossing host stars planet discovery announced january mass earth masses radius earth lies extremely close star result hot support life existence confirmed measurements observatory hawaii nomenclature history star hosts located light years solar system approximately size sun estimated age billion years planet planet discovered orbit star designated star planet star turn named mission nasa led operation aimed discovering terrestrial planets transit cross host stars respect earth planet discovery announced public january transit method discovering relies carefully monitoring star planet present crosses line sight earth star star dim regular interval depends radius planet order measure mass planet rule phenomena mimic presence planet star candidate planets followed radial velocity method detecting planets discovery based months data collected january planet observed july according collected data thousand days star field view identified capable small planet considered high priority target ground based radial velocity observations intended confirm mass radial velocity measurements taken intermittently august august revealed periodic shift spectrum consistent planet nature observed confirming planet existence allowing mass determined planet discovery announced public january january days planet discovery announced economist published article suggesting vulcan unofficial planet hypothetical planet roman god september detection secondary transit phases announced allowed determine temperature planet terrestrial observed phases detection phases possible extreme day night temperature variations planet receives proximity host star reaction discovery excited hoped use data formation structure terrestrial earth size planets tend common university california berkeley said discovery ranked profound scientific discoveries human history planet textbook worldwide described bridge gas giant planets finding earth diana university nice france considered planet super mercury super earth granted physical characteristics characteristics noted rocky surface diameter times earth mass times earth density star day twentieth distance mercury sun surface temperature star lit approximately hot blast hot melt iron discovered claimed rocky room interpretations case composition larger uncertainty mass lesser extent radius illustrated plot left consequently revealed lava ocean planet predominantly rock iron addition showing range masses consistent observations planet plot includes curves compositions implied certain masses locked parent star extreme variations temperature day night sides reflects half receives


approximately light years away planet planet discovered red dwarf time discovery planet lowest mass known planet apart planets low mass categorized super earth discovery discovered changes star radial velocity result planet gravity radial velocity measurements observing shift star lines time discovery known host planets designated resonance planets taken account radial velocity showed period days planet designated announced june team led rivera estimated mass approximately times earth orbit mass located orbit axis million distance star tidal interactions theory orbit measurements reveal high comparable mercury solar system limitation radial velocity method detect lower limit mass obtained measured mass value depends general unknown models incorporating interactions outer planets enables determined reveals outer planets nearly respect plane sky assuming plane planets true mass planet revealed times mass earth models predict non orbit averaged tidal heating play significant role planet geology point keeping completely predicted total heat approximately planet surface comparison surface heat similar energy receives parent star physical characteristics detected indirectly effects star properties radius composition temperature unknown assumption distribution temperature maximum temperature estimated low mass planet led suggestions terrestrial planet type massive terrestrial planet formed inner system material pushed star inward migration gas giants alternatively planet formed gas giant migrated gas giants result composition richer volatile substances water arrived range star blown planet hydrogen layer mass model planet ocean water form fluid separated core layer ice kept frozen high pressures interior planet atmosphere containing water free oxygen produced breakdown water radiation distinguishing models require information planet radius composition planet appear transit star makes obtaining information impossible current capabilities


star located field view mission nasa led operation tasked discovering terrestrial planets star slightly larger massive sun gas giant orbit gas giant larger massive planet discovery announced public january planets fifth confirmed system verified helped demonstrate capabilities spacecraft nomenclature history named way home eighth system confirmed course mission nasa directed program tasked searching region sky terrestrial planets transit cross stars orbit respect earth planet orbit fifth planets discovered spacecraft planets confirmed previously discovered verify accuracy measurements discovery announced public january meeting american astronomical society washington alongside planets orbit data identify existence examined verified hawaii arizona texas california islands characteristics situated light years earth mass radius massive sun fifth sun mass nearly halves size star predicted billion years old compared sun age billion years making metal rich metal rich sun important stars stars richer metal likely harbor planets star effective temperature meaning sun effective temperature apparent magnitude words seen earth extremely dim star seen naked eye system planet discovered orbit mass radius planet mass larger planet planet density grams especially comparison density grams distance star days assumed planet circular orbit comparison planet mercury sun days mercury elliptical orbit


red dwarf host planet star estimated nearly light years away approximately fifth mass sun large confidence intervals exist reflecting mass distance star drew attention lens event eclipsed background star created distorted envelope reflected light rays analysis events follow data led planet discovery reported february history july observations collaboration detected star background star event named process called star lens created distorted images case event produced series small events valued tend yield information planet event detected south african astronomical observatory july alert issued attracted cover event end event documented event second event seven days later unusually long middle period events alert brought different different focus event follow observations star large array successfully distinguished star mass collected data observations event run series models analyzed body larger similar size given discovered discovery planet reported february journal astronomy characteristics type red dwarf estimated light years away uncertainty led discovering team place confidence intervals light years words distance earth best placed certain away likewise mass estimated times sun confidence intervals remain large uncertainty mass planet places true mass times mass sun covers entirety range masses known red ratio planet mass host star found accuracy host star characteristics constrained planet characteristics constrained inability characteristics consequence fact star acted lens event compromised ability collect star stellar parameters system known orbit host star planet estimated times mass knowledge exact parameters planet tied host star parameters host star parameters constrained uncertainty places mass times planet estimated orbit host star days distance times mean distance earth sun uncertainty mean distance