greater manchester pop town metropolitan borough greater manchester england historically lancashire miles east miles north miles northwest manchester years 17th century referred frequently shortened bent town old nickname neighbouring associated coal mining nail manufacture 14th century encouraged coal beginning 20th century town described centre district cotton mills iron works cover surface country buildings surroundings linked equally dwellings people deep coal closed working cotton mills closed today town largest retail centre borough employed area work wholesale retail trade significant manufacturing industry town evidence discovered roman road passing area ancient route manchester following anglo saxon invasion england built seven brooks manor norman conquest township ancient parish town metropolitan borough local government district metropolitan county greater manchester history recorded opinions differ village man named old english personal meaning enclosure manor estate saxon little brook possible bounded brooks west south crossed western boundary brook originally named brook saxon saint recorded family tenants living valley brook township known bent meaning bent lost bend slope referred 14th century bent given built century years population grew resulting town called names bent locals early history evidence roman road bronze age settlement found area roman road manchester shown map crossing miller lane degrees halfway site site excavated evidence roman possibly earlier settlements found manor manor held family chief manor william nicholas fought battle manor house situated south ancient township christopher map shows medieval deer park time elizabeth mad richard direct male descendant remembered events expulsion congregation chapel building hall grand scale designs architect william work hall started finished carriage drive hall led lion bridge avenue gates faced parish church chapel richard male line married elizabeth daughter elizabeth family association township ended richard death daughter elizabeth married robert son robert married maria children sons died young eldest daughter maria married thomas 2nd baron father younger taking title baron left estates son thomas estate inherited lord preferred live family seat hall lord afford house hall sale failing sell demolished left standing private property known hall portion incorporated area public park battles area divided allegiance civil war men way church word came james stanley 7th earl derby royalist troops marching probably route manchester men armed drove earl men common killing wounding taking prisoner men guard instead making making bills battle axes civil war tracts lancashire society series vol uprising supporters old marching preston general charles wrote minister wood chapel asking raise force green following day november minister wood led force men given job guarding bridge river ford defended successfully routed efforts james wood given equivalent parliament title general congregation industrial history neighbouring associated coal mining nail manufacture alexander goods showing industry present years encouraged proximity coal iron brought yorkshire spain variety nails nails slate nails nails nail manufactured products taken pack horse sold manchester nail industry developed manufacture nuts bolts thomas makers nuts bolts including james robert parker manufacturers nuts bolts spinning machinery brook bolt works bag lane dating survives grade listed building coal mined years numerous shallow shafts took greater importance robert leased coal rights thomas guest john era deep mining arrived sinking lover lane pit howe bridge day eye drift shallow mines opened closed coal referred lancashire early 1870s company howe bridge biggest howe bridge pits sunk black white seven foot pit closed situated alongside railway working coal mined years later foot shaft sunk pit closed september pit head country opened foot shafts sunk late 1890s shafts deepened feet reach share mining disasters february men died gas explosion caused men died lovers lane explosion caused blown shot march march men died explosion gas closed bringing era deep coal mining town end lancashire coal owners association opened howe bridge mines rescue station cotton mills grew cottage spinning weaving industry widespread district gathered pace local felt threatened advent powered april mob smashed machines burnt new factory mill neighbouring men boy tried lancaster hanged woven silk brought manchester james burton built cotton mills sides brook including lodge mill dan lane spinning doubling mills built 1840s lasted 1950s howe bridge spinning mills largest complex started mill built closed textile factory early mills built 20th century mills closed mill closed mill converted uses grade listed building governance forms electoral ward metropolitan borough ward member metropolitan borough council local authority ward member labour_party historically formed west derby judicial division southwest lancashire ancient parish existed parish manor held family chief manor terms poor law amendment act formed poor law union established january comprising area covering ancient parish existence fold union replaced 1850s local government act adopted township meaning governed local board health type regulatory body responsible standards township township added urban district remainder urban district urban district abolished local government act area metropolitan borough local government district metropolitan county greater manchester following review parliamentary representation greater manchester west parliamentary constituency ward borough represented outside borough seat remainder borough represented won parliamentary seat west general election howe bridge constituency represented andy geography miles northwest central london situated miles east miles west northwest city manchester eastern end metropolitan borough includes southeast howe bridge southwest fold north generally low lying soil clay township southwest town feet sea level rising feet north built seven brooks brook forms western boundary brook flows area known valley knight brook bag lane brook small brook boundary brook forms boundary hill red waters brook underlying rocks coal measures manchester climate generally temperate like rest greater manchester mean highest lowest temperatures slightly national average annual rainfall millimetres average hours sunshine hours respectively national averages town situated old high road runs town direction time united_kingdom census according office national statistics urban subdivision greater manchester urban area total resident population male female living households settlement occupied hectares compared hectares census population density people compared average greater manchester urban area median age population compared greater manchester urban area england wales majority population born england born united_kingdom rest european_union world data religious beliefs town census declared christian said held religion reported hindu population change economy northern travel work area whilst southern manchester town manchester larger urban zone time census people employment resident worked wholesale retail trade including repair motor vehicles worked manufacturing industry worked health social work sector census recorded economic activity residents aged time employment time employment self employed unemployed students jobs students jobs retired looking home family permanently sick disabled economically inactive reasons unemployment rate high compared national rate according office national statistics estimates period april march average gross income households week year substantially week rest north west average car ownership household compared greater manchester urban area households owned single car van owned largest retail centre borough small pedestrian shopping centre shops market street date late victorian times majority operated small independent retailers supermarket brings customers town centre older low cost housing surrounds centre town bolts manufactured smith remaining bolt manufacturers business park planned site landmarks historic buildings area referred include 17th century house chapel john baptist church farmhouse listed buildings derives granted bishop sir william given bridge brook pseudo egyptian near south east corner parish church similar probably built robert restored years church finished grade listed structure built small model village howe bridge comprising cottages shops village club bath house employees victorian village road michael angel church conservation area mill large spinning mills complete chimney survives reminder textile industry war memorial intersection road hamilton street designed architect arthur john hope constructed stone unveiled january private soldier blinded action world war transport road toll gate installed boundary road lane toll road emerged near green hall road built coal pits road railway received royal single track railway opened bringing railway western township close coal mines howe bridge railway station bag lane south line connected liverpool manchester railway junction railway connected line station line opened renamed howe bridge lancashire yorkshire railway line manchester passes north station opened remains open bill south lancashire company construct miles southern lancashire given royal november south lancashire electric traction power company acquired shares section opened october lanes ends company got financial difficulty turn lancashire united later lancashire united transport headquarters large depot howe bridge december ran lane ends following day buses took public transport transport greater manchester public transport links rail fold stations manchester operated northern rail bus manchester centre retail leisure complex operated diamond bus north west manchester greater manchester education school grammar school founded followed chapel school lane national school opened school anne howe bridge school opened philip year later school lee street opened followed george sacred heart school 1890s technical school originally opened school science art followed richard fold higher grade school green hall special school opened new infant school opened lodge lane sacred heart primary school found fold lane marking boundary fold senior school opened closed august community school opened religion churches site parish church john baptist chapel built john referred old bent chapel remained richard expelled chapel consecrated bishop man new chapel site consecrated bishop chester present church dedicated john baptist consecrated church designed austin built stone feet wide feet long foot square tower rises feet fabric church suffered mining new bent chapel earliest chapel built opened chapel built presbyterian congregation expelled chapel anne church originally mission occupying barn replaced church designed austin road converted residential use michael angels howe bridge built baptist independent methodist primitive methodist denominations church howe bridge opened roman catholics celebrated mass star public house square sacred heart church opened site given lord building materials donated john holland manager tree served growing catholic population sacred heart closed parish richard street opened holy family higher united single community margaret patron sport swimming opened street swimming club formed closed amateur swimming club moved new sports village facility amateur football teams oldest formed play north west counties league members north west counties football league town cricket club formed played district cricket association public services greater manchester police force police station covers common subdivisions division division covers entirety borough statutory emergency fire rescue service provided greater manchester fire rescue service fire station health services borough provided borough clinical commissioning group hospital services provided foundation trust provide accident emergency service royal albert edward waste management authority statutory waste disposal authority right distribution network operator electricity electricity north west ltd united utilities manages drinking waste water culture botanical garden club today social club formed organised lectures study groups chat moss members public library opened andrew grant bent chapel library school donated books new town library central park acre public park created parks later provided lodge lane place urban district council acquired grounds belonging howe bridge welfare early mid-20th century cinemas gem street palace market street amateur photographic society formed hall plays host bent beer festival weekend january notable residents ministers note chapel including james wood general distinguished battle preston thomas walker historian joseph born prolific english writer preacher subsequently roberts engineer principally known development linear induction motor rail system chess short grew attended philip school architect arthur john hope partner hope born lived edward mining engineer field invented hook important mining safety device


town metropolitan borough greater manchester england north chat moss near foothills west miles east southeast miles west northwest manchester united_kingdom census including outlying areas common new manchester population ward council population historically lancashire surroundings provided evidence remains roman road passing township ancient course manchester following anglo saxon invasion britain manor norman conquest england settlement constituted township called ancient parish factory system textile manufacture industrial revolution triggered process population growth century said newly emerged mill town characteristic industrial district natural features entirely swept away place factories iron industrial activity declined century land post war residential developments altered landscape encouraged economic activity street central commercial area main history meaning clearing derived old english personal wood clearing suggesting open land covered forest recorded alternative include situated edge lancashire plain north chat moss banks sandstone ridge foothills begin gave town early banks land rises feet foot banks feet highest point pronounced locally known local pronunciation banks corrupted old common means wooded hill earliest history remains roman road serving camps manchester passed area ran keeper crossing lane north west hall south old hall road continued valley coins found containing roman bronze coins found near old border coins british museum end roman rule britain history anglo saxon england written evidence presence provided place names incorporating old english manor houses manor house hall home hugh lord inside boundary associated death henry manor divided sons reputation frequent disputes neighbours exception hugh hugh pious endowed abbey land death new hall park close old manor house existence belonged thomas new manor known owned john timber framed hall remained died leaving heir new owners leased tenant farmers sold thomas leased property tenants estate bought trustees township significant houses generations family lived old hall close brook roman road medieval times paid rent abbey pair white gloves feast easter adam hall home family farmers variously recorded probably meaning oak surrounded hamlet east township like reputation tenants lands summoned military service fought battle william described archer foot muster roll described hugh archer horseback hugh richard foot drawing daily pay service july october hall recorded lands higher ground north high road passed nicholas marriage anne associated children john anne possessed evil spirits known wise man asked cure apparently demanding money refused threatened trouble denounced taken trial lancaster castle tried found guilty hanged twice rope broke attempt banks estate early 18th century collection cottages farms halls scattered township church inn thomas johnson merchant bought banks estate land hall west township died leaving estate grandson thomas johnson developed town banks lives lane johnson street quarter 18th century marked beginning building boom grid plan town centre date john described area book description countryside miles manchester banks parish mile half length command beautiful prospect seven counties springs remarkably clear adapted purposes land rich meadow milk butter noted cheese estate year farm houses cottages contains houses neat chapel inhabitants employ cotton castle built green dragon house lane built occupied local demolished end 18th century rows storey brick houses built west end town house workers migrated work new factories industrial revolution industrial revolution rural agriculture cottage spinning weaving mainly chief silk weaving important cottage industry silk brought manchester thomas johnson opened little factory spinning cotton great powered steam driven mill spinning factory street cotton mills built close brooks provided water steam power strike increased wages new mills owned jones factory street workforce sacked new hands hired replace labourers protected assault dismissed workers joseph wilson built hope mill james street james burton owned town mills lived charles street surrounded workers houses company owned cottages house street king arms public house burton died fire burton mills caused damage equivalent million mills demolished wright owned mills workforce mills shuttle street built site resolution mill destroyed fire concrete multi storey mill spinning powered external engine house rope race mill demolished 1990s site occupied supermarket coal got dispute recorded stealing common existence centre making nails decline railway completed coal mining dominant industry town surrounded years industry declined second world war coal company local owners pit closed hall years later common miners association established built hall club opened pit worst mining disaster town occurred tree december explosion caused safety lamp cost lives youngest victim oldest years age victims buried churchyard george church explosion march great boys cost lives october men died cage rope broke nelson october men including manager died explosion important employer founder john invented warm air heating system churches halls built close railway lower street industry declined second world war subsequent land new housing developments changed face town centre retains atmosphere market town refurbished market square steep branching main streets town distinctive character governance historically formed west derby judicial division southwest lancashire cum ancient parish largest acres having area acres acres terms poor law amendment act formed poor law union comprising area covering ancient parish established january replaced union 1850s constituted civil parish local government act adopted township governed local board health local board formed elections october elected mill owners wright oliver burton owners william george green mixture liberals local board took gas works built swimming opened cemetery built sewage works hall local board offices lower street fire station depot public health act local board gained additional powers urban district local government act urban district elected council town hall originally township liberal club opened taken urban district council headquarters opened park library officially opened world war council housing built sale lane common world war lancashire county council reorganised districts county reference local government act new urban district formed urban district civil parish abolished rural district urban district abolished local government act area metropolitan borough local government district metropolitan county greater manchester electoral ward metropolitan borough member metropolitan borough council local authority ward represent labour_party independent boundary commission recommended constituency general election general election andy retained seat labour_party votes majority representing vote elected constituency votes total vote cast geography miles northwest central london situated miles east southeast miles west northwest city manchester eastern end metropolitan borough cover acre situated edge lancashire plain north chat moss banks foothills begin land rises foot banks highest point banks sandstone slope facing south dip north half miles long underlying rocks coal measures manchester covered boulder clay streams drain area including brooks flow brook tributary river heavily 19th century residential area demise coal industry closure cotton mills main road runs high ground ridge town centre situated census population population density inhabitants square mile km2 female male ratio years old single married married divorced proportion divorced people similar england rates single married significantly different national averages single married england single married households included person married couples living couples single parents children aged academic qualifications lower england lower borough population change council ward population ward population increased economy according united_kingdom census industry employment residents aged retail wholesale manufacturing property business services health social work education transport communications construction public administration finance hotels restaurants energy water supply agriculture mining compared national figures town relatively low percentage working agriculture census recorded economic activity residents aged students jobs students jobs looking home family permanently sick disabled economically inactive reasons main concentrations employment lane common north common landmarks years landscape dominated factory chimneys pit closure mines demolition factories george church structures town built stone rising feet height chapel market square chief landmarks grade listed buildings built environment uniformly constructed brick listed buildings hall grade listed hall private residence hall heritage centre having previously office block hospital transport edward driver inter city scheduled passenger train world born drove passenger service liverpool manchester railway london north western railway revived powers granted lancashire yorkshire railway build railway town railway station east junction branch junction liverpool manchester line earl cut september line opened traffic september closed result axe bill south lancashire construct miles southern lancashire given royal november south lancashire electric traction power company acquired shares section opened october lanes ends october branch opened got company got financial difficulty turn lancashire united later lancashire united transport august replaced buses narrow streets buses follow way system eastbound ran shuttle street milk street westbound street castle street system traffic connected neighbouring towns bus services operated diamond bus north west greater manchester route area reserved development plan case rail route reinstated guided built proposal universally popular work started mile stops cooling lane street lane sale lane park ride sites horse riders runs alongside education george gave site national school near george church age groups opened day school opened old chapel replaced new school lasted church school opened johnson closed 1960s british school upper george street opened premises community life centre mission school central school street opened board school opened lower street girls secondary education hall boys secondary school opened george central primary school built late 1990s amalgamation historical george central school primary schools primary school hall primary school closed special school occupying old girls secondary school closed main school secondary education fred high school awarded arts college status children attend high schools area including mary catholic high school catholic high school sixth form area religion john preached times laying foundations place worship george worked early ministry preached place worship chapel built square broken church_of_england thomas johnson gifted site highest point lady supporter supplied money building materials chapel known chapel geographical location established church lay ancient parish diocese chester diocese divided present diocese manchester created ritual marriages population travel churches outside township boundaries parish church daughter churches chapel chapel george church chapel ease mary built land donated thomas johnson commissioners church paid money parliament united_kingdom raised church building act said celebration britain victory battle robert official architect office works advised parliamentary commissioners building new churches onwards including george chapel consecrated september dedicated england patron saint church seat people feet length feet width local landmark feet height george gave land churchyard bells cast market primitive methodist methodist baptist welsh welsh independent methodist welsh served welsh people migrated town opening railway sport idea public swimming came wright local board built union street cost opened great celebrations swimming club formed soon opened closed health grounds closed majestic cinema castle street converted public pool centre english rugby john played rugby union england founded club founder member northern rugby football union rugby league played seasons finishing 6th initial combined league club rejoined rugby football union playing street years moving george park street november season 1st lost senior final long distance runner fred worked underground hall competed melbourne olympics birthplace professional wrestler lord james culture wealth industrial town resulted outlets entertainment population including cinemas public houses films shown miners hall cinemas built town theatre royal john street opened johnson street majestic castle street council acquired land public park street public library built aid andrew grant site old hall mechanics institute stanley street built founded good band town brass band band member north west brass band association meets chapel milk street little theatre lemon street home amateur dramatic society members greater manchester drama federation auditorium small seat theatre traditional arch stage stalls balcony seating town industrial landscape recorded 1960s 1970s paintings prints artist roger public services greater manchester police force police station covers common statutory emergency fire rescue service provided greater manchester fire rescue service fire stations health services borough provided borough clinical commissioning group hospital services provided foundation trust provides accident emergency service hospital waste management metropolitan council statutory waste disposal authority right distribution network operator electricity electricity north west united utilities manage drinking waste water


town municipality southern albania lying historical region capital county old town world heritage site described rare example preserved ottoman town built farmers large estate situated valley mountains metres sea level city overlooked fortress national folklore festival held years birthplace communist leader notable writer hosts university present municipality formed local government reform merger municipalities municipal units seat municipality town total population census total area square kilometres population municipality census city appears historical record greek written byzantine_empire later center ruled john falling ottoman rule centuries taken army balkan wars account large greek population eventually incorporated newly independent state albania proved highly unpopular local greek population rebelled months guerrilla warfare short lived autonomous republic northern established capital definitively awarded albania recent years city witnessed anti government protests lead civil war alongside city home substantial greek minority considered centers greek community albania greece etymology city appeared time historical records medieval greek greek mentioned john comes medieval greek meaning silver latin meaning castle fortress silver castle theory city took princess legendary figure 19th century author wrote short novel wrote poem 1960s considered folk etymology princess said lived later 15th century definite form city dialect known derive greek alternative found western sources city known modern greek known ottoman era town known turkish history archaeological evidence points bronze age region inhabited populations probably spoke northwestern greek dialect archaeologists found pottery objects early iron age appeared late bronze age district found albania earliest recorded inhabitants area greek tribe city walls date century high stone walls citadel built sixth twelfth century period developed major commercial center known ancient greek meaning silver city ancient greek meaning silver castle city mentioned john capital john ottoman_empire county town albania revolt besieged forces rebels defeated ottoman troops led local nobles discussed greek representative enslaved greece albania head holy league john austria european rulers possibility anti ottoman armed struggle initiative fruitless according turkish traveller visited city time houses castle christian eastern neighborhood meaning small neighborhood outside castle houses meaning big neighborhood outside castle additional neighborhoods extending hills castle according traveller city time houses churches shops led born ali transformed semi autonomous southwestern balkans death fall city capital turkish july southern committees league held congress city decided populated areas ottoman_empire ceded neighbouring countries revolt national awakening city major centre movement groups city reported carry portraits national hero period given large greek population city claimed taken greece balkan war following retreat ottomans region awarded albania terms treaty london protocol florence december turn events proved highly unpopular local greek population representatives formed assembly protest assembly short incorporation greece demanded local autonomy international occupation forces great powers districts march northern declaration independence announced confirmed protocol republic short lived albania collapsed beginning world war greek military returned october november captured april territory referred greeks northern including annexed greece paris peace conference restored pre war status quo essentially border line decided protocol florence city returned control april occupied italy following italian invasion albania december italian war army entered city stayed month period nazi_germany april returning city italian command capitulation italy armistice september city taken german forces eventually returned control postwar communist regime developed city industrial commercial centre elevated status museum town birthplace leader people socialist republic albania born house converted museum demolition monumental statue authoritarian leader members local greek community august marked end party state suffered severe economic problems following end communist rule spring region center open conflict greek minority members police city particularly affected collapse massive pyramid scheme entire economy city focus rebellion government violent anti government protests took place eventually forced resignation december house damaged unknown attackers subsequently restored religion culture albania world center order muslim sect sect headquartered districts order albania center city retains large population historically functional mosque survived remaining destroyed closed cultural revolution communist government city home diocese eastern orthodox church orthodox church albania 17th century ottoman traveller visited city described city detail sunday heard sound traditional lament dead performed professional traveller found city noisy dubbed city novel chronicle stone writer tells history city italian greek occupation world war expands customs people age writer wrote page collection youthful prose tales native dialect old mother tells book tells day day struggles women describes prevailing region home greek singing home national folklore festival held years festival started recently held ninth season festival takes place premises fortress greek language newspaper published founded greek language printed media allowed people socialist republic albania landmarks city built slope surrounding citadel located dominating plateau city walls built century city mentioned 12th century majority existing buildings date 17th 18th centuries typical houses consist tall stone block structure stories high external internal surround house thought design stems fortified country houses typical southern albania lower storey building contains stable upper storey composed guest room family room containing fireplace upper stories accommodate extended families connected internal stairs membership number houses restored continue houses distinctive local style earned city nickname city stone old houses roofs covered flat dressed stones similar style seen district greece city cities preserved 1960s 1970s building programs cities gained status museum town world heritage sites fortress dominates town strategically important route river valley open visitors contains military museum featuring captured artillery memorabilia communist resistance german occupation captured united_states_air_force plane commemorate communist regime struggle powers additions built 19th 20th centuries ali government king albania today possesses towers houses clock tower church water horse stables amenities northern castle turned prison government housed political prisoners communist regime features old ottoman originally built 17th century rebuilt 19th century fire homes preserved cultural monuments today mosque built dominates town proposed inclusion world heritage list international council monuments sites experts number modern constructions old town appearance historic core finally inscribed years original nomination climate situated western albania highlands interior hot summer mediterranean climate normal albania heavier rainfall usual climate type economy principally commercial center industries notably production leather recently regional agricultural market trades locally produced built city given potential southern albania supply grown products relationship greek counterparts nearby city likely market organic farming future currently marketing products far european standards chamber commerce city created promotes trade greek border areas financial support greece albania armed forces built hospital city recent years traditional houses reconstructed owners lured come tourism potential revenue source local economy houses continue lack investment abandonment inappropriate renovations local projects following greek economic crisis city areas albania suffer greece unemployed returning home education school city greek language school erected city sponsored local merchants functioned supervision local bishop greek war independence broke destroyed reopened started function city worked years closed cultural revolution applied communist albania greek language school girls founded financially supported local greek school opened today seven grammar schools general high schools gymnasium professional ones city home university opened doors university recently experiencing low result departments physics mathematics education function academic year establishment second university greek language agreed discussions greek governments program attendance students abruptly suspended university greece refused provide teachers school year greek government foundation withdrew funding sports football soccer popular city hosts club founded club competed international tournaments played currently team plays division soccer matches played stadium hold spectators demographics town inhabitants home ethnic greek community according source numbered greek claimed town greek considered center greek community albania given large greek population town surrounding area greek town transport served highway connects north region greek border south international relations twin towns sister cities albania notable people gallery


greater manchester settlement metropolitan borough greater manchester england variously described suburb village lies flat land northwest city manchester crossed canal east lancashire road forms continuous urban area neighbouring manchester city centre miles away common ward covers settlements population census falling census historically lancashire derived old english indicating anglo saxon settlement means east east reference location relative town eastern wood clearing middle ages constituted township parish west derby appears written form lord manor granted land religious order abbey medieval early modern distinguished dignitaries occupied local manor house settlement expanded newly extended canal reached liverpool manchester railway industrial revolution introduced coal mining factory system region triggering expansion village cotton mill built mining coupled structural political changes mining industry began decline industrial activities mid-20th century cotton mill closed coal brought surface grown commuter belt supported proximity manchester city centre inter city transport links green museum houses collections industrial heritage history old english means east reference position relation derived meaning wood clearing meadow earliest written record documents dated appeared middle english archaic include 14th 15th centuries early history earliest evidence human activity area remains roman road served route roman camps manchester road ran north past keeper evidence presence anglo sparsely populated heavily wooded isolated region provided place names incorporating old english manor emerged early middle ages township parish mentioned documents hugh lord granted land abbey recorded tenant hall manor house located inside township death son henry inherited succeeded son henry died divided lands sons division separated lived manor april richard bought marks remained william died childless land passed half sister anne married gilbert adam bought manor house land wealthy man built chapel chapel ease parish church chapel consecrated year died built grammar school stood years demolished rebuilt adam grandson adam rebuilt initials carved plaque door stone timber structure named stream supply water corn mill near house possible hall surrounded moat adam descendants continued support chapel school remained bought thomas death house inherited thomas contributed rebuilding chapel descendants owned leased tenants george owner banks estate gave land churchyard church school house property captain adam marriage sarah dilapidated moved captain gave land build school church road death widow sarah married colonel ross ross arms public house higher green named honour daughter married henry second sir edward robert lady manor mother death family financial difficulties house estate sold november hospital board bought use dealing cases scarlet fever bombs fell close hospital second world war general hospital dealing ill patients closed industrial revolution early 19th century neighbouring factory built james robert lane green near canal agriculture cottage spinning weaving main economic activities silk woven area weaving declined cotton factory built factory lasted mining damaged foundations demolished ending link textile industry lancashire coal mines boundaries map lane leading pit called coal road later north coal pit lane pit alludes method coal mining raising coal horse early cross abandoned flooding samuel jackson developed mines works opened close railway station moss litter company limited company started sinking shaft green near canal railway moved coal screens liverpool manchester railway coal transported power stations park canal pit head medical centre designed miners welfare committee architect built cost million mining accident green june men including manager died explosion women pit worked screens coal rock coal wound april green museum remains landmark 21st century wrought iron plates joints wheels large small mounted built head nearly metres high winding house twin tandem compound steam engine supplied lancashire boilers governance historically formed west derby judicial division southwest lancashire ancient ecclesiastical parish existed parish terms poor law amendment act formed poor law union established january comprising ancient parish union replaced 1850s civil parishes rural district lasted dissolved incorporated urban district urban district abolished local government act metropolitan borough local government district metropolitan county greater manchester common form electoral ward metropolitan borough ward member metropolitan borough council common ward represented labour review parliamentary representation greater manchester boundary commission recommended constituency united_kingdom general election general election andy retained seat votes majority representing vote elected constituency votes total vote cast geography miles northwest central london northern chat moss feet sea level forms continuous urban area north according office national statistics greater manchester urban area united_kingdom largest miles west northwest manchester city centre miles north canal village southern east west crossed east west roads hamlet green lines straight road leading southwards chat moss railway station miles south village spans area acres km2 acres km2 surviving fragments chat moss drained agriculture lost removal occupies acre site liverpool manchester railway site special scientific interest moss crossed brook moss brook tributaries brook river underlying geology consists new red sandstone south middle coal measures manchester north upper soils mixture clay sand clay area encompasses smaller suburban semi outlying areas including green pit cross isolated hamlet houses pit built company peace street lord street street named directors company economy late 20th century economy linked textile industry coal mines developed industrial revolution main concentration employment lane industrial estate road east lancashire road early 1980s area built housing township strong housing market high owner occupancy rate parts deprived areas metropolitan borough whilst parts area social housing concentrated deprived nationally facilities village include small local shopping centre development green museum heritage centre attract visitors interested area heritage landmarks site green museum scheduled ancient monument retains engine house prominent feature seen local area manor house listed building parts dated greater manchester archaeological unit house extended heritage trust formed preserve open surrounding woodland public situated village conservation area hall lies lands donated abbey hugh owned subsequently described largely built timber stone foundations surrounded moat rebuilt parts old hall survive edward hall married anne inherited granddaughter elizabeth convent poor spanish netherlands sir thomas famous line family having commander supporter charles_ii king england english civil war died battle lane buried church mary virgin hall passed families sold urban district council land sewage works hall private residence transport public transport transport greater manchester bus services operate centre manchester operated diamond bus north west manchester greater manchester major roads link settlements including east lancashire road opened village dual crosses canal bridge road connects road heads north east original canal manchester proved economic success prompting owner francis 3rd duke seek powers extend route duke plans approved despite opposition local population canal traffic brought trade green hope anchor inn built horses pulled barges original canal bridge built connect lower higher green lasted replaced second bridge replaced iron bridge raised counter effects mining established bridge liverpool manchester railway crosses moss built branches cotton prevent track sinking chat moss early engines reached speeds mph passengers told driver wished railway station built railway distant village early travellers came horseback carriages early ran wharf canal green mineral railway system linked pit jackson locomotives named pit company directors education adam established grammar school chapel use children poor families admitted free afford pay covered costs school closed children taught barn alfred improved chapel classroom national school built subscription land donated captain opened november infant school opened pit serve mining community grown schools built street green religion adam built chapel completed consecrated august chapel ease parish church chapel rebuilt thomas gave contribution cost new church built brick measured length width held people enlarged small chancel western tower contained single bell church dedicated saint stephen destroyed arson june destroyed book collection acquired memorials old families second world war memorials severely damaged restore church built nearby site prominent catholic families parish abandon catholic faith english reformation despite penalties levied secret roman catholic masses held private homes including hall home easter sunday catholic priest arrested service hall vicar taken lancaster castle tried traitor executed september roman_catholic_church england wales church school bear parish formed church built parish pastoral area roman catholic liverpool methodist churches lower green closed chapel demolished site built pit school doubled chapel sport miners welfare club pit venue sporting groups including cricket club cycle club formed built race track miners welfare club public services greater manchester police force police station covers common statutory emergency fire rescue service provided greater manchester fire rescue service fire stations hospital services provided foundation trust provide accident emergency service hospital health services borough provided borough clinical commissioning group waste management metropolitan council statutory waste disposal authority right distribution network operator electricity electricity north west ltd united utilities manages drinking waste water


civil parish metropolitan borough greater manchester england parish includes villages green town park home earl owned national trust historically county metropolitan borough nearest town census parish population history reflected listed buildings important place medieval period seat barons georgian mansion remains castle grounds popular tourist attraction sites special scientific interest park located south town covert history roman road chester york passing forms boundary derived anglo saxon meaning hill element result ownership family manor recorded book having belonged saxon norman conquest barons control reflects manor importance seat importance exemplified existence castles castle watch hill castle border castle near remained lords 14th century family male line extinct booth family inherited family land remaining heart estate elizabeth period castle demolished probably medieval period hall home lord centre power area hall rebuilt leaving remains old medieval manor house mill documented present structure dates 1860s lies river opposite little record deer park settlement named outlying lodge estate dates 15th century medieval period primary source employment agriculture mainly farming railway constructed railway station served area closure grew result population increasing industrial revolution little effect remained predominantly agricultural area hall present hall built sir george booth received created james john descendant george 2nd earl altered john hope end 18th century joseph hall hall stables carriage house grade listed buildings buildings site lies immediately west village deer park south hall donated national trust roger grey 10th earl hall military hospital world war inside significant collection silver carving 17th century wood white marble bust emperor head antique neck shoulders 18th century probably acquired george earl hall collection paintings include venus mars time cascade louis portraits william francis michael sir george george harry earl removed selection paintings hall roger grey 10th earl succeeded earl family sales deer park surviving medieval park surrounding area hall grounds open public popular tourist attraction visitors governance historically ecclesiastical parish county civil parish created local government act parish council metropolitan borough borough creation previously rural district village electoral ward ward sean karen michael members conservative party sale west constituency north west england constituency european parliament formation sale west constituency represented house_of_commons conservative graham geography lies east west approximately miles northeast landscape predominantly flat park occupies acres area roman road running chester york forms boundary river runs south canal running area local geology lower ridge sand gravel running census total population females males average household size according census unemployed economically inactive population age aged mean age residents residents described health good population change landmarks site special scientific interest covert covert site special scientific interest park estate grid reference site semi natural wood consisting mainly ash birch wetland habitat pits flooded form ponds reserve spans acres managed estates covert provides habitat animals including rabbits species bird park park covers area acres park estate run national trust grid reference park pasture woodland park woodland middle ages oak trees larger woodland date 17th century park place northwest england concentration old trees remaining england making site national importance park supports range animals including deer species insect grade listed buildings grade listed buildings striking 18th century sandstone end north hall tradition marks burial site race horse listed residences dating 18th century feature flemish bond slate roofs include lodge road willow cottage numbers lane number orchard view station road numbers lane big tree cottages lane view lane dates garden wall bond flemish bond big tree house road dates century features english bond tree cottage lime tree cottage lane houses date 17th century exhibit garden wall bond slate roofs ivy house lane built early 18th century kitchen garden cottage built rose cottage farm cottage century meadows school lane built 17th century features garden wall bond roof farm buildings home farm including built century feature flemish bond house dating century listed manor farmhouse station road built george booth 2nd earl building dates century features flemish garden wall bond farmhouse station road built barn lane dates early 18th century features garden wall bond slate roof upper frames dog farmhouse lane built early 19th century adaptation earlier possibly 18th century farmhouse school built additions 20th century door engraved panel reading school erected benefit township according thomas school parish hall nearby school bridge canal built john gilbert built canal river opened listed bridge brick lane bridge built 18th century constructed 1860s number listed structures grounds hall including supplied water hall 1860s century ornamental hall depicting black slave clad leaves carrying head stable buildings deer house shelter west hall date 17th 18th century barn cottages date cottages originally single barn converted 19th century grade listed structures grounds hall include wall 18th century small piers south garden 18th century pier north west garden 18th century gateway opposite kitchen piers south garden topped lions 18th century erected george 2nd earl memory mother near hall grade listed probably built


royal wells royal wells shortened wells large affluent town western kent england miles south east central london road miles rail town close border county east sussex situated northern edge high sandstone geology exemplified rock formations wellington rocks high rocks town came spa restoration tourist resort nash spring attracted visitors wished waters popularity waned advent sea bathing town remains popular derives percent income tourist industry town population administrative centre wells borough parliamentary constituency wells united_kingdom royal wells reputation conservative middle england town stereotype fictional letter writer disgusted wells history evidence suggests iron age people farmed fields mined iron rich rocks wells area excavations james money high rocks uncovered remains defensive hill fort thought site occupied era roman britain area continued iron industry demise late eighteenth century iron forge remains grounds abbey use documented area wells parish hundreds years origin town today came seventeenth century lord north james staying hunting lodge hope country air improve ailing constitution discovered spring drank spring health improved convinced healing properties persuaded rich friends london try time queen maria wife king charles visited established spa retreat popular houses built spring cater visitors ladies gentlemen lord lord manor enclosed triangular stone wall built hall shelter wet weather little permanent building took place visitors obliged camp downs find time houses shops erected walks convenient situation near springs built subscription chapel ease opened church king charles martyr duly built town began develop edward described new town consisting small districts named hills stand mount mount pleasant mount called wells saw building boom town carefully planned shops built yards long known walks mount road lodging house keepers build laid small plots town dealt luxury goods demanded patrons certainly included kind wells good building miles company drink waters people buy provisions market wells furnished great plenty sorts fish walk high trees market shops sorts toys silver china sorts curious wooden large coffee houses tea chocolate etc rooms lottery hazard board gambling following richard russell treatise advocating sea water treatment diseases leisure changed sea bathing popular visiting resulted fewer visitors coming town advent roads gave wells better communications public coach return journeys wells london postal services operated morning monday evening saturday eighteenth century growth town continued patronage wealthy classes received celebrity visits figures johnson richardson successful andrew wife richard nash appointed master ceremonies wells offer remained position death patronage town reached height popularity fashionable resort early nineteenth century wells experienced growth place visit homes fashionable resort town following visits kent queen_victoria prince albert benefited new estate mount pleasant building trinity church improvements town provision facilities gas lighting police service meant town population service set ran wells enabling visitors arrive london hours town linked railway network branch south eastern railway london hastings hastings line time burton developed john ward park estate town awarded status borough entered 20th century prosperous state saw opening opera house town received royal prefix position south east england world war wells headquarters army hospitals treat soldiers sent home wound town received belgian refugees second world war affected wells different way swollen refugees london accommodation severely strained buildings damaged bombing people lost lives edward assertion wells originally named queen wells soon took wells proximity town known compliment queen maria doctor lewis treatise calls springs queen wells lasted small time soon universally known wells names acquired company usually residing town came parts benefit drinking waters edward prefix royal dates king edward vii granted town official royal title celebrate popularity years members royal family royal wells towns england granted royal spa royal royal town wells form refers principal source spring waters taken governance royal wells administrative centre wells borough parliamentary constituency wells borough governed representing fall town wells elections held council seats year basis elections kent county council taking place fourth year cycle councillor serves year term wells local elections pattern conservative party dominance apart year period overall control year period liberal democrats held majority recent elections held gave conservatives large majority seats compared liberal democrats extent conservatives dominance illustrated fact park labour field candidate council elections member parliament wells conservative clark elected majority held seat majority constituency conservative inception general election previous mps sir patrick chairman norman town royal wells estimated population approximately wider borough royal wells home considerably people population royal wells predominantly white british ethnic origin christian religious affiliation residents district described white census identified christian statistics crime royal wells fewer crimes occurring area national average geography wells located border east sussex miles south london original centre settlement lies directly kent east sussex border recalled county boundary lies outside church king charles martyr town situated northern edge high ridge hard sandstone runs southern england hampshire borders surrey west sussex east sussex kent town geology illustrated exposed sandstone wellington rocks high rocks site special scientific interest exposed nearby green sandstone taken build houses wells town sited head valley runs south east like river originates wells stream valley tributaries river runs larger valley north high nearby villages built area town incorporates high north south iron content rocks west royal wells germany advertisement national press contact english servicemen royal wells contact friendship exists towns sprang leading signing official charter wells friendship association formed climate wells like rest britain temperate maritime climate lacking weather extremes nearest official weather station east town centre absolute maximum temperature stands recorded august compared average annual day maximum total days attain temperature absolute minimum temperature recorded january compared average annual night minimum total nights report air frost annual rainfall averages falling days economy economy town longer depends spring hardly comes town purely waters people employed borough wells largest sector local economy consists hotels restaurants retail centrally located royal victoria place shopping centre opened covers square metres accounts jobs finance business sector makes quarter jobs public administration education health sector royal wells arguably important retail centre london hastings largest single employer town wells trust kent sussex hospitals employing people largest single commercial employer healthcare employing offices house union house phillips house international house wells enjoys relatively low unemployment rate august compared national rate transport wells hub series roads primary ones runs runs oaks east runs south wells passes east town following route ancestor london hastings bus services operated chiefly kent sussex providing local town rural services wood express services locations brighton south coast accessible services run brighton respectively operates hourly services wells town historically railway stations use national rail services wells station wells central suggests centrally located town end high street whilst high station situated high north town stations located double tracked electrified hastings line services operated southeastern train operating company wells west station opened london brighton south coast railway terminus competing line wells closed line station building grade listed building restaurant supermarket occupies goods yard line reopened wells railway preservation society spa valley railway operates steam heritage railway runs wells west high rocks western end service extended london line southern railway march serving platform disused years link line west central stations opened remains closed network rail installed car siding south wells station grove hill hill tunnels cost million allow london trains starting terminating wells operated car formations providing rolling stock equipped selective door opening class trains currently run wells previously services car platform length tunnels end wells station new siding facilitated operation new december trains hour london cross wells peak instead trains hour average daily passenger flows trains wells london increased compound growth rate percent year average daily passenger flows wells wells grown considerably faster smaller flows wells london education kent county council local authorities provides selective education plus exam royal wells university campus canterbury christ church university located outside town near provides programmes sports football wells football team wells plays southern counties east football league stadium history stretches wells finalists competed stadium coming second wells motor club oldest motor clubs founded active wells area promoting grass roots organising series sprint races year circuits hill rugby union wells plays home games mark plays london south east rugby level rugby league warriors rugby league team based town mark warriors founded currently compete 4th tier english rugby league london south east men league cricket ground hosts county international cricket kent county cricket club uses regularly wells came spotlight cricket world cup scored india ground july record highest 9th wicket partnership score day international based ground wells hockey club competes kent sussex regional men east premier women divisions park cricket club plays local leagues hosts home matches higher cricket ground wells common swimming swimming club competes swimming diving water polo based wells sports centre member rout née round took swimming events summer paralympics seoul aged winning relay gold medals setting new world records individual silver medals remains youngest british plaque found located club trophy display wells borough council honoured award civic return seoul recognition efforts achievements young age running wells half marathon open road race takes place february organised wells running club wells club london road traditional sport club courts internal leagues men ladies teams kent league public services health services provided west kent primary care trust wells trust runs new wells hospital usually referred hospital nearly miles town opened royal wells kent police main police station area moved royal wells new building operations royal wells station crescent road scaled operates administrative centre fire services carried kent fire rescue service operates station grove hill road manned hours day time retained firefighters electricity distribution network operator power networks water services managed southern water main reservoir area water kent sussex cemetery opened known initially forest cemetery location laid acres town surveyor royal wells library museum art gallery civic way cultural references references royal wells occur literature diverse arthur conan valley fear wells alberta father thomas gravity rainbow philip mortal engines room view oscar importance earnest smith white teeth inspector bone mysteries set wells novel characters excursion wells references local sites bleak house charles children find entitled present wells david lean epic film lawrence closes answering king wish stayed wells james_bond film majesty secret service tracy says bond looks forward living james_bond avenue wells known wells sending book alberta father wells wells like planet image britain enters revolution royal wells declares independence slogan liberty equality sketch comedy series weekend television musical sketch tells tale navy sailors plan spend exciting exciting book norman glamour filled hours royal wells disgusted royal wells reputation middle class typical example middle england reflected disgusted wells fictional writer letters national newspapers 1950s express outrage defend conservative values parks landmarks spring landmarks readily associated royal wells founding town metre high steel millennium clock area centre town designed local sculptor jon mills millennium celebrations stakes claim modern landmark wells contains green spaces range woodland maintained grounds parks substantial areas woodland wells comprise acres km2 wood close centre town open areas common popular picnic spots maintained cricket ground situated wellington rocks located town centre opposite railway station grounds historic park ornamental gardens demolished park mount pleasant house converted hotel borough council purchased town dated damaged bomb parts sold scrap metal subsequently repaired adjacent pavilion intended form new centre park completed demolished pavilion exists café inside entrance park coming station memorial air chief marshal lord hero battle britain lived died wells park acres km2 largest maintained green space town private garden millionaire henry reed demolished mansion passed public possession gardens designed renowned victorian james green years making hard distinguish scope design wells borough council applied heritage lottery fund grant restore park line original designs underwent million restoration river rises park dams created pond boating lake listed grade english_heritage national register historic parks gardens great park small acre woodland area site old kent sussex hospital remnant grounds previous great house designed burton stand oldest public park royal wells recreation ground designed landscape architect robert located close town centre quarry road opened mayor john stone land lake area wells remains lakes open air pool gone club café toilets children play area including cycle track recreation ground parts designated local nature reserve kent high partnership include roundabout woods adjoining grass areas recreation ground donated town edward strange site form john charity farm football pitches built king george playing fields scheme museum preserves home sir david jew serve lord mayor london non christian sit parliament preserves bench rose speak jewish speak parliament arts town largest theatre assembly hall crescent road capacity nearby church road trinity arts centre converted church forum capacity live music venue town run jason bands played early concerts way success annual free music festival takes place royal wells held june local media royal wells local commercial radio station west kent london stations picked town bbc regional centre town great hall arcade base bbc radio kent bbc south east regional programming complex containing studios offices bbc shop notable people


town somerset england miles south west bath miles north west authority bath north east somerset population according census town council right settled iron age importance grew construction way roman road growth town occurred coal discovered area large numbers mines opened 19th century including owned family lords manor english civil war admiral lord brother george fourth earl took town title created baron site special scientific interest includes tons upper insect fossil specimens recovered complex geology narrow coal extraction difficult increased 19th century reaching peak separate annual production tons local geological difficulties manpower shortages output declined number pits reduced beginning 20th century mid pits closed september great western railway somerset railway established stations yards town passenger train services closed manufacturing industries printing binding packaging provide local employment recent years increasingly commuter town nearby cities bath bristol home museum housed market hall range exhibits offer insight north east somerset life 19th century exhibits relate local geology disused somerset geology town home school famous collection range educational religious cultural buildings sporting clubs history settled iron age importance grew construction way roman road ran result town known time book meaning roman road old english believed relate red soil locally reddish parish great western railway somerset railway established stations yards town terminus southern branch somerset coal canal turned central point railway development large coal depots wash houses workshops gas works development wiltshire somerset railway mile line built carry coal 1870s broad gauge line converted standard gauge connected bristol north somerset line linked town great western railway railway land covers old yards sheds comprises area approximately hectares land subject ongoing planning development applications area town close site rail accident rail crash took place somerset joint railway august trains collided single track section resulting deaths passengers passenger train services closed coal mines closed manufacturing industries printing binding packaging provide local employment recently commuter town nearby cities bath bristol leading traffic problems peak hours coal mining coal discovered mining began area pits owned trustee late family lords manor english civil war middle pit old pit mines opened series pits east town different ownership owned following dispute terms conditions miners new company set run mines upper lower merged site special scientific interest site includes tons upper insect fossils recovered include world earliest known geological conservation review site complex geology narrow coal extraction difficult underground explosions solely airborne coal dust increased 19th century reaching peak separate annual production million tons local geological difficulties manpower shortages decline soon took hold number pits reduced beginning 20th century mid create national coal board january narrow production expensive limiting profit investment reduced national demand competition economical led closure pits september governance town council right town civil parish created successor urban district created merger urban districts rural district local government act successor parish urban district governed authority bath north east somerset town council electoral ward area population quoted constituency member parliament house_of_commons parliament united_kingdom general election constituency changed north east somerset south west england constituency european parliament geography main geological feature area hills south consists pennant measures includes upper coal measures sandstone southern lower middle coal measures worked mainly southeast new rock pits southwest caused shock waves rock hills pushed forcing coal measures break faults slide fault distance broken ends coal feet lies brook runs join brook form brook joining river close remains somerset coal canal base valley deposits sides valley band group rocks period majority remaining limestone white blue highest south small inferior limestone period slopes valleys frequently slipped area coal bearing strata built house miners local pit disused railway line inclined railway form important elements valley east modern landscape maintained character texture neighbouring agricultural areas caused main remnants coal industry infrastructure changes agricultural management disturbance caused coal mining railways subsequent ending mining railways created valuable habitats nature conservation interest rest south west england temperate climate generally rest england annual mean temperature seasonal variations modifying effect sea range parts united_kingdom january month mean minimum temperatures july august months region mean daily general december month june southwest england enjoys favoured location particularly summer azores high extends influence north eastwards cloud forms inland especially near hills reduces exposure sunshine average annual sunshine hours rainfall tends associated atlantic depressions convection summer convection caused solar surface heating forms shower clouds large proportion annual precipitation falls showers thunderstorms time year average rainfall days snowfall typical november march highest mean wind speeds june august having predominant wind direction southwest transport terminus southern branch somerset coal canal turned later incorporated somerset joint railway central point railway development large coal depots warehouses workshops gas works development somerset railway mile line built carry coal 1870s broad gauge line converted standard gauge connected bristol north somerset line connecting great western railway bristol took wiltshire somerset railway bristol north somerset line closed passenger traffic line route national cycle route known way national cycle route passes landmarks associated coal field local roads follow developed coal mining years cycle route currently runs intended provide continuous cycle route southampton portsmouth second railway station somerset joint railway extension bath closed passengers stations adjacent centre town level crossings busy road causing long busy periods line carried substantial coal traffic spur great western line continuing remained open years railway closure passenger traffic closed memorial gardens closure railways railway land centre town stood years prominent green space museum brook housed pit wheel low steel frame spinning wheel long develop memorial park garden site commemorate mining history town provide new setting town war memorial local practice landscape architects new leaf studio commissioned bath north east somerset council develop proposals land phase park memorial gardens built town council new leaf studio designs incorporating new base old wheel artist new memorial gardens incorporate war memorial moved victoria square project planting employs style broad grasses providing colour long season extending winter dry stems seed heads museum museum housed town market hall museum range exhibits offer insight north east somerset life 19th century museum originally opened moved current site restored converted victorian market hall grade listed building dating opened july exhibits relate disused local somerset geology areas include aspects local history including school shops forge carpenter shop exhibits relating agriculture artefacts memorabilia somerset coal canal somerset great western railways display education schools children include mary primary school nicholas primary school trinity primary school neighbouring parish lie primary school pupils complex learning difficulties school school secondary school pupils aged specialist status business enterprise college school pupils compulsory sixth form education school notable project includes biggest collection outside gardens won numerous awards including gold medal flower school won awards business enterprise companies named school england town served valley site bath college education college neighbouring sport leisure non league football club town play recreation ground media local free newspaper district journal offices town local weekly paper somerset guardian daily_mail general trust monthly magazine times includes local features valley online community radio district religious sites contains churches united umbrella churches frequent unity services town anglican parish church nicholas west tower dating 15th century rest church rebuilt geometric style william grade listed methodist church formed present building opened damaged fire reopened baptist church situated wells hill founded missions established community temporary building thin wooden beams blocks erected dedicated hugh altar rails benches came prior park succeeded acquired disused printing works barn converted present church opened rebuilt fire statue patron façade home witness kingdom hall notable people william australian politician botanist editor nature magazine grant leicester city derby county newport county york city bill somerset county cricketer town frank founder ltd manufacturer classrooms buildings novelist local councillor writes jade shannon


pronounced scots scottish town north coast highland council area scotland situated historical area northernmost town british mainland lies junction north south road west east road connected bridge west east miles river flows town bay river estuary serves small harbour census population larger civil parish including town surrounding countryside population important norse port later history trade ports northern europe 19th century thriving fishing centre reputation cloth activities nuclear power plant decommissioned end 20th century employs significant number local population category listed ruined old peter church peter oldest churches scotland dating current church andrew peter built design william burn gothic style town contains main campus north highland college high school northernmost secondary school british mainland established castle built ruins home football soccer team established play north league rugby teams railway station opened northern station railway nearby port provides ferry services islands ferry operates etymology originally known celtic meaning bull water bull river similarly head standing bull fort town roots norse influence altered based deity translating place river local scots derives norse modern scottish pronounced means river mouth generally found names possible pre norse modern terms bull history history stretches era norse rule ended found nearby hill rituals date years town important norse port later history trade ports northern europe 19th century scotland standard unit weight brought line decree king david scotland measure town economic importance old peter said date circa time bishop gilbert murray died irish led attacked chased residents headed sir james locals servant said killed cutting button master coat firing musket parish houses population following passage law poor law act combination constructed work commenced completed building capacity house inmates acres site west road provided poor relief parishes scotland building years sold later utilised housing abandoned town planned 19th century development new royal national institution inaugurated near harbour fire december destroyed building watson class new building boat built launched following year new named sisters inaugurated queen mother major expansion occurred mid-20th century nuclear power plant established miles west town arrival workers related power station caused fold increase population census gave figure led new houses built nearby mixture local authority housing blended private houses flats built united_kingdom atomic energy authority decommissioned end 20th century estimated site cleared waste continue provide employment held family united_kingdom hosted national time festival language culture held far north governance history dating established charles local government scotland act local government merged district tier highland region local government etc scotland act district abolished region council area town covered councillor past post system election single ward created elect single vote system new ward highland council ward management area seven council easter ross corporate management area community council created abolished community council tier local government recognised level statutory representation community council represents area somewhat smaller represented ward ward area includes parts community council areas geography northerly town british mainland situated northern coastline overlooking islands situated northern terminus road main road linking south scotland miles west john miles northwest closest town railway station northerly location served britain rail network links town directly county town bordered parishes east south west stretches head bay west head bay east miles river salmon fishing flows town bay river estuary serves small harbour fine harbour beach looks island old man stack rock standing main island climate cool oceanic climate similar weather scottish highlands iceland alaska scandinavian west_coast norway highest temperature recorded july lowest december similar parallels nearby sweden continental climates extensive heat demonstrating effect north_atlantic moderate winter climate warmer marine areas hudson bay canada similar latitudes economy historically known production cloth thriving business fishing major significance running local economy association overlooked shipping activity port lies miles west estuary river plays significant role white fish industry scotland deep water shelter head harbour includes berth roll roll ferry operated linking scottish mainland large local stationed june summer weekly ferry service operated company line reopened connecting islands iceland norway discontinued boasts small museum hotels bars surf shop cafe famous brands large british centre plant making special batteries west town nuclear power plant provide high level employment january approval granted wind farm near feature turbines supply homes landmarks category listed ruined old peter church peter older churches scotland dated time principal church county administered bishops church held hearings criminal activity determined caught punished woman relationship dutch sailor head shaved publicly town local current church andrew peter built design william burn gothic style walls square tower pipe organ added norman beard oscar contributed stained glass windows graveyard head lighthouse parish territory completed design david thomas achieved category listed status gallery hosts exhibitions year showcases glass art pearson building contains museum hosts exhibitions hotels note include room royal hotel hotel house murray house category listed house hotel miles west georgian country mansion sir john square ornamental garden statue donated town sir memory grandfather sir john prominent local figure responsible compilation statistical account scotland pioneering agricultural reforms category listed fountain built son sir george note meadow junction street lane primary water supply centuries current conical roof completed education main campus north highland college college partner colleges constitute university highlands islands offers certificate diploma degree courses subjects diverse nuclear golf management adjacent high school northerly secondary school british mainland established town primary schools miller academy primary mount pleasant mount pleasant primary school teaches scottish revival language according census residents town age speak overall facility language language nursery school created town small museum opened museum houses panels control room materials testing scotland operation nuclear sport powerful swells notable location international championship events having regularly held area attracts world european championships scottish surf championships held east main focus activity annual race organised north coast branch association football soccer team nicknamed established plays north league rugby league club playing scotland rugby league conference division rugby union club participate local athletics club amateur athletics club commonwealth games athlete largest swimming club highland area amateur swimming club members bowling club door supermarket note club stages races summer tracks county transport railway station opened northern station railway station highland railway company late 19th century absorbed london midland scottish railway far north line nearby port provides ferry services islands trunk road connects perth central belt ends ferry terminal run bus services john long distance service twin towns germany men respective towns met london agreed formal link come threat high school longer activities lack young people willing preserve relationships towns notable people andrew road engineer explorer david pioneer utah john charles campbell british_army officer martin born writer musician robert dick lived death john civil servant government george naturalist traveler born professional football manager robin harper born politician william henderson physician canadian painter art educator born professional football currently playing celtic tommy born professional rugby player anne born entrepreneur personality author philanthropist martin born professional football coach sir william david ross moral philosopher editor translator aristotle arthur american revolutionary war soldier politician sir william alexander smith founder boys brigade stone born scottish television presenter journalist currently news senior police officer metropolitan police jack murders


crystal palace london crystal palace residential area south london england london named local landmark crystal palace stood area area located approximately miles south east cross includes highest points london feet offering views capital area defined boundaries convergence london postal districts electoral ward named crystal palace crystal palace park entirely contained london borough wood hill south upper district natural oak forest development began 19th century arrival crystal palace area known hill ridge historic oak tree mark parish boundaries today area represented different parliamentary london assembly fourteen local authority crystal palace burned site building grounds crystal palace park location national sports centre containing athletics track stadium sports facilities crystal palace park setting number concerts films including scenes italian job pleasure garden television masts district landmark location visible parts greater london local landmarks include crystal palace triangle shopping district streets forming triangle park smaller park lies triangle south west crystal palace park woodland walk railway briefly area railways arrived crystal palace eventually served railway stations high level low level stations built handle volume passengers visiting crystal palace palace destroyed fire railway travel declining generally passenger numbers fell high level station closed demolished years later rail services gradually declined period 1960s 1970s plans construct urban motorway area london plan recently rail travel seen resurgence crystal palace rising passenger numbers additional london services stopping station major station redevelopment proposals extend service railway bus stations history ridge historic oak tree known oak located present day crossroads church road hill mark parish boundaries led crystal palace area boundaries london area districts ancient boundary surrey kent passes area area lay south eastern boundary county london included parts kent surrey parts kent london surrey centuries area occupied great north wood extensive area natural oak forest formed wilderness close southern edge expanding city london forest popular area recreation right 19th century began built home local street names recording link area retains woodland quarter 19th century brought crystal palace railways crystal palace crystal palace cast iron glass building originally erected park house great exhibition following success exhibition palace moved reconstructed modified enlarged form grounds place estate hill buildings housed crystal palace school art science literature crystal palace school engineering attracted visitors seven decades hill highest locations london metres sea level spot height ordnance survey map size palace prominence site easy identify london led residential area building known crystal palace instead hill palace destroyed fire november site building grounds known crystal palace park landmarks crystal palace triangle crystal palace triangle formed street hill church road number restaurants independent shops indoor market farmer market lane triangle contains range vintage furniture clothing stores galleries arts crafts shops businesses ongoing campaign turn building recently converted church church road cinema hall purchased international christian centre crystal palace retains victorian architecture housing styles mixed including victorian mid war blocks modern flats crystal palace park surrounded grand victorian converted flats apartments television transmission taking place crystal palace 1930s towers crystal palace feet tall feet tall stand hill upper making district landmark location visible parts london area towers appear similar height design crystal palace mast constructed stands slightly higher elevation current tower built crystal palace park crystal palace park large victorian pleasure ground occupying land crystal palace major london public parks park maintained later abolition control entire park given london borough crystal palace railway station located park national sports centre park motor racing venue concerts performed site crystal palace park concert platform july chinese property developer holdings announced drawing plans build replica crystal palace original site crystal palace park february developer sixteen month agreement develop palace expired project cancelled park situated halfway ridge highest points ridge offers views northward central london east queen elizabeth_ii bridge southward north downs starting points green chain walk linking places thames barrier section capital ring walk round london goes park park smaller park occupying hectares acres lies south west triangle church road park hosts annual crystal palace festival free community festival held days summer woods south triangle small area woodland occupying hectares containing woodland walk opened covers area land developments way fox hill land originally formed gardens victorian built hill overlooking fell disrepair council approved terms buying land church commissioners local allowing construction link paths benches installed vegetation left creating woodland geography crystal palace relatively new borders area clearly defined include parts wood hill south upper crystal palace lies approximately miles south east cross ridge includes highest points london metres mean sea level map reference crystal palace national sports centre centre park lies metres mean sea level soil area classified typically slowly wet slightly acid base rich soils drainage moderate fertility profile nearest met office climate station based park local government crystal palace sits boundary london fifth borough nearby result area served diverse range local government bodies members parliament local authorities local authority area elected time european elections seats held labour_party candidates liberal democrats conservative lost seats elected officials ward crystal palace local authorities london assembly area represented london assembly elected assembly members westminster parliament area represented westminster parliament elected mps media films italian job scene filmed athletics track crystal palace sports centre michael says supposed blow bloody doors pleasure garden filmed park mother house scene featuring children park boating lake music park features prominently setting outdoor rave music video chemical brothers number single setting sun mini album history local area entitled fire glass tragedy released september anglo dutch group literature arthur conan active area lived nearby south visited crystal palace upper area regularly connection upper literary scientific society hall street known welcome hall welcome hall arthur conan elected president society elected post resigned occasion hall writer sets mystery sound broken glass crystal palace area london sports crystal palace long association sports crystal palace amateur football club founder members football association original football club disappeared historical records current crystal palace club formed club played inside grounds crystal palace cup final venue site national sports centre forced world war despite eventually moving new stadium park club retained crystal palace use present day historical grounds hosted england rugby union match new_zealand new_zealand won short lived london county cricket club athletics stadium sports centre built site football grounds crystal palace park athletics stadium known national sports centre hosted london athletics grand prix international athletics meetings crystal palace club based london olympics status stadium centre main facilities sports london superseded london centre olympic stadium led crystal palace submitting plans rebuild stadium capacity football stadium running track motor racing circuit opened park remains track access roads park track extended miles taken ministry defence start world war race meetings resumed circuit hosted range international racing events continuing races education crystal palace contains primary schools primary school primary school saints primary school secondary school harris city academy crystal palace park contains branch manor college offering courses animal care countryside landscaping garden design short courses shortage primary school places crystal palace london proposals open new primary school september forward plans submitted department education january proposals approved wave free schools programme school scheduled open september october school considering possible building configurations greater london authority running public consultation option involve existing seated stands athletics track national sports centre transport roads area served roads roads triangle hill street church road form way system hour controlled parking loading zone coach park inside crystal palace park area affected cancelled london motorway plans radial routes connecting south cross route south cross route parkway radial run crystal palace park following railway line cycle routes london cycle network routes travel crystal palace route runs hill crystal palace park route crystal palace triangle connect borough rail crystal palace accessible rail crystal palace railway station southern trains run victoria crystal palace line london bridge brighton main line london trains run east london line addition southern services run junction downs crystal palace railway station stations border zones zones south gate park accessible rail west served southern trains london bridge london services crystal palace second railway station crystal palace high level railway station station built serve passengers visiting crystal palace fire traffic branch line declined world war line serving station temporarily closed bomb damage repairs line reopened requirement reconstruction work drop traffic led decision close station branch line followed demolition station despite demolition grade listed subway remains crystal palace parade crystal palace railway built crystal palace circa low level station remained open passenger numbers station fell fire services diverted serve london routes instead victoria london bridge route rail travel decline 1960s 1970s axe imposed 1970s outer platforms terminating trains abandoned rail removed recently rail travel station seen resurgence new services started running passenger numbers increased year station served east london line branch london connecting services extended station underwent redevelopment brought original victorian booking hall use created new cafe station building provided wheelchair access installation lifts work completed end march past proposals connect crystal palace mayoral candidates citing initiative bus area served multiple bus routes terminate crystal palace bus station services include routes air nearest major international airports london city airport hill airport nearby notable people marie early promoter sex education raised house park shortly birth edinburgh benjamin artist sculptor created crystal palace park lived road jim bob carter frontman currently lives crystal palace african american actor lived crystal palace area french novelist lived queen hotel church road october june fled england convicted criminal libel france february direct consequence publication open letter accuse francis smith screw propeller contributor construction lived area british rapper speech born crystal palace left area traffic parking problems author musician national activist born raised crystal palace danish french neo painter stayed crystal palace nearest places