district west london england london borough parts area including park tube station green park london borough contains house residence 18th century english artist william house neo villa regarded finest england fuller brewery london largest oldest brewery occupies river_thames competitive recreational rowing rowing clubs river bank finishing post boat_race downstream bridge historically ancient parish nicholas county middlesex fishing economy river centred church street having good communications london early time popular country retreat suburban growth london late 19th early 20th centuries population significantly expanded municipal borough formed greater london merged london borough include park grove park estate strand green named tube stations green sized united_kingdom border great west road roundabout start north circular road south circular road eponymous road flying west roundabout great west road central london converts motorway providing second mode transport connection airport corridor great road runs south west roundabout motorway historic figures lived include poets alexander pope italian revolutionary painter novelist history recorded old english meaning cheese farm riverside area duke meadows thought supported annual cheese fair 18th century grew village nicholas church church street inhabitants practising farming fishing riverside trades including ferry important bridges london bridge kingston middle ages area included small settlements fishing village strand green little green west road london decisive skirmish took place green early english civil war november royalist forces prince marching oxford retake london halted larger force earl essex retreated threatened capital john founder john company company established yard church wharf west end mall shipyard built naval destroyer hms daring daring class cater increasing size warships moved shipyard southampton royal society leased acres land area south high road court road duke avenue site fruit tree collection school housed flower shows area reduced acres 1870s lease terminated society garden surrey set original pear trees grow gardens houses built site population grew 19th century reaching area mixture georgian victorian housing suburban building began 1860s park borders second world war bombed repeatedly high explosive bombs falling anti aircraft shells caused damage rocket hit london fell september killing people injuring causing extensive damage surrounding trees buildings houses demolished rocket suffered damage memorial rocket fell road war memorial east end green governance nicholas ancient later civil parish middlesex parish gained triangle land east formed detached parish formed urban district abolished area merged urban district form urban district amalgamated district municipal borough borough abolished area transferred greater london form london borough changes town hall longer local government centre council services parliament constituency forms parliament constituency labour elected general election replacing mary conservative elections london assembly south west constituency represented tony conservative party elections london borough council represented electoral green riverside ward serve year terms conservatives major centres identified statutory planning document greater london london plan geography occupies river_thames miles west cross district built north open space south including grounds house duke meadows main shopping area high road forming long high street north river forms southern boundary including north barnes london borough richmond thames includes island joined mainland low tide east road british grove border london borough north park south london borough boundary partially district line west districts district london post town tribute ancient parish includes park south london borough park designed largely norman described place relaxed informal mood market town village adopted complete built suburb beautiful period mansion blocks area court arlington line sides green site battle green suburbs include grove park south close railway station strand green fishing hamlet late 18th century park advertised time economy high road contains mix retail restaurants food outlets expanding office hotel space wide streets encourage restaurants provide pavement seating lying offices golden mile great west road office developments warehouse conversions offices began 1960s high road site old empire cinema storey headquarters built station designed accommodate people home british standards institution home griffin brewery fuller smith turner prize winning predecessor companies beer site years original brewery gardens house mall points interest house house designed earl built extension earlier house subsequently demolished considered finest surviving examples architecture britain superb collections paintings furniture surrounding grounds important historical gardens england wales forming english landscape gardens churches nicholas church near river_thames 15th century tower remainder church rebuilt pearson monuments churchyard mark burial sites 18th century english artist william william kent architect landscape designer churchyard houses philip james designed john tomb business partner thomas designed thomas oliver daughters mary lived court buried churchyard enduring legend body oliver interred court years likely home private frederick hero drift buried roman_catholic_church lady grace edward diocese westminster lies corner avenue high road red brick building parish founded school began church opened cardinal present site replaced present building opened cardinal manning heavy debts incurred paid church consecrated square tower added world war canon war memorial church michael court designed red brick building road tudor style paul church grove park gothic style stone building designed built largely duke expense michael angels park initially temporary iron building high road facing lane current building foundation stone laid consecrated designed park norman called lovely church john anglo catholic_church attacked day consecrated pagan henry smith nicholas green early victorian gothic building flint stone main building george gilbert scott chancel northeast chapel added brooks russian orthodox cathedral built harvard road blue gold dome public houses theatres historic public houses listed buildings including arms george old bath road near green station known william morris interior norman exterior built strand green thames river path known theatres 20th century empire high road seats staged music hall entertainment plays reviews opera ballet annual christmas theatre small theatre opposite bridge station staged works william douglas home plays went west end seat theatre bath road upstairs pub separate business known new writing experimental work buildings factory passage known house designed architect charles built white brick blue bricks painted black forming horizontal bands surrounds door window openings portland stone originally printing works office space grade listed building faces main factory building joined bridge road industrial building considered important arts crafts factory building home arts educational schools bath road duke meadows duke meadows stands land owned duke 1920s purchased local council developed recreational centre built meadows sport rugby club football pitches hockey club rowing clubs golf club recent years local conservation charity meadows trust undertaken extensive restoration work saw long term project children water play area opened august transport situated start north circular road south circular road motorway providing direct connection airport motorway great west road runs eastwards central london roundabout meets great road runs south west eventually joining motorway southern border runs river_thames crossed area barnes railway foot bridge bridge railway bridge bridge river services westminster pier court depart gardens pier bridge bus routes near high road green night bus services run hours day district line serves london underground stations green park green interchange line line trains stop station railway station served regular south west trains service london junction north london line crosses north south london stations south sports local rugby union teams include old team plays league games saturday meadows cricket club known green plays riverside drive common rocks lane multi sports centre tennis football courts available hire public private tennis coaching individuals groups available reach thames heavily competitive recreational rowing championship course runs past duke meadows boat_race contested championship course flood tide words duke meadows popular view point closing stages race finishing post downstream bridge important races head river race race reverse course tide home clubs university london boat club based road houses clubs london colleges teaching hospitals recent members include tim foster gold sydney olympics world champion boat club lies marina bridge school bridge members include single world champion great_britain single campbell high road home flag garage associated motor racing team notable people eighteenth century notable people lived artist william lived bought house known house lived house death buried nicholas churchyard house later belonged poet translator henry francis lived 18th century poet alexander pope author rape lock lived building arms corner lane 18th century resident actor charles holland born nineteenth century 19th century italian writer revolutionary poet died exile green buried nicholas churchyard inventor electric telegraph francis lived lane engineer john edward born father john founded based john company company later joined developed artist regarded best 20th century painters sea born poet lived road boy came live road inspired wrote lake isle family painters eldest son lived bath road painting series notable landscapes area landscape artist lewis wood lived road twentieth century twentieth century novelist lived arlington park notable people born second world war include theatre film director peter brook zoologist broadcaster manning marine frederick vine rock musicians john pete born second world war born post war period include musician collins singer kim illustrator harper photographer actress kate comedian smith lived novelist anthony lived street mid-1960s actor hugh grant grew living arlington park lane singer bruce band iron maiden presenter kate humble actress elizabeth husband film director simon curtis model playwright michael daughter film maker novelist live residents include singer bbc journalists vine actor logan sarah campbell mary journalist alice arnold housing literature novel vanity_fair william opens miss academy young ladies mall louis parker play walk imagined setting retired crescent small old fashioned houses near river bank exactly alike miniature copies queen anne nearest places


village coastal resort miles east bay south east england ward city canterbury district kent occupied strategic location north western end channel sea lane separated isle kent mainland late middle ages led romans build small fort time conquest britain starting late 2nd century built larger fort called later chain saxon shore forts military connection resumed second world war sea testing barnes bouncing bombs 7th century landed estate anglo saxon kings kent site roman fort given establishment monastery dedicated mary king kent buried middle ages thriving township weekly market yearly fair member port sandwich settlement declined channel coastal erosion claimed buildings constructed soft sandy cliffs village largely abandoned late 18th century church demolished early 19th century protecting ruins rest erosion ongoing challenge 20th century saw revival local tourism developed parks census recorded people area nearly quarter time coastline site special scientific interest special protection area site including country park includes cliffs local nature reserve nationally scarce plants insects found location important migrating birds significant geological interest history earliest recorded form dates early 5th century celtic origin meaning great old english corrupted given giving rise modern form includes old english place element frequently relates roman city walled town prehistoric roman stone age flint tools washed cliffs west axe found near centre roman fort probably accidental loss suggesting human settlement evidence begins late bronze age iron age ditches indicate extensive settlement bronze age iron age gold coins found followed built romans conquest britain began existence roman road leading canterbury miles south west indicates roman presence onwards size fort started late 2nd century date derived reconstruction uniquely detailed plaque fragments found archaeologists 1960s plaque effectively records establishment fort commemorates construction principal features shrine parts headquarters building time inscribed phrase identified official shrine roman military headquarters building hitherto inscription certain application element building structures found archaeologists probable officers quarters barracks bath house roman oven found feet south east fort probably drying food corn fish main chamber measured feet feet overall fort located low hill north eastern mainland kent overlooking sea lane later known channel lay isle fort location allowed observation fort sides including sea probably built soldiers originally lower germany previously served roman fort early tiles recovered fort stamped roman administrative document early 5th century records presence known harbour nearby roman times found probably near fort southern eastern walls fort originally stood feet high feet thick base reducing feet reinforced internally bank entrance fort headquarters building faced north indicating main gate north facing eponymous sea north wall lost sea adjoining east wall west wall east wall complete includes remains eastern gateway guard post parts surviving walls remains fort ground suffered stone especially near south western corner walls originally faced little remains walls visible consisting flint concrete standing feet high highest roman forts normally accompanied civilian settlement lay outside north west sides fort areas lost sea extensive covering hectares acres noted roman building floor stood considerably northward fort structure observed 18th century antiquarian john probably external bath house relating early phase fort area described feet square lined oak sealed clay believed storing noted roman bath house found similar observed multitude discovered memory proves ancient inhabitants place numerous 20th century wells roman period identified west fort square cut hard layer sandstone soft sandstone beds tapping water table 20th century finds roman period extend feet west fort date period roughly coinciding period occupation fort infant found fort babies associated roman buildings sets infant remains found foundations walls buildings coins dating suspected found walls building south western area fort excavated baby feeding bottle found excavated floor feet infant skeletons unconnected babies probably buried buildings ritual sacrifices unknown selected burial dead buried alive killed purpose local tale subsequently developed grounds fort haunted sound crying baby end 3rd century roman naval commander named later declared emperor britain given task clearing pirates sea britain european mainland established new chain command british later pass control count saxon shore shows fort arrangement location meant lay main point contact system saxon shore forts archaeological evidence indicates abandoned medieval landed estate anglo saxon kings kent 7th century possibly royal toll station significant coastal trading settlement given types quantity coins found early anglo saxon finds include fragment bronze originally circular set coloured stones glass pottery 18th century clergyman john believed king kent moved royal court canterbury built palace site roman ruins archaeological excavation shown evidence household story described probably pious legend church built site roman fort king kent granted land foundation monastery dedicated mary monastery developed centre large estate manor parish early 9th century extremely wealthy fell control canterbury archbishop recorded having deprived monastery land soon featured monumental showdown king control monasteries control monasteries canterbury authority passed kings agreement archbishop exchange protection viking attacks 10th century monastery estate royal property given canterbury king england time estate included land miles south west west isle monastery parish church named book manor valued included account manor church farmland mill salt fishery numbers multiplied times account represent adult male heads households 13th century parish exceptional wealth considerable church building middle ages indicates settlement thriving township dozens houses parish broken isle nicholas wade saints converted parishes perpetual belonging parish 20th century records poll tax individuals years including honest reduced parish paid total tax decline loss sea thriving medieval township depended partly position maritime trade route channel present anglo saxon times exemplified membership port sandwich later middle ages importance channel river_thames trade sandwich london carried overland historical records channel sparse route known taken granted middle ages london sandwich occasionally spoken thames inning closed channel trading vessels sailing soon bridge built ferries longer operate diminished coastal erosion john recorded visit coastline north little quarter mile village soon william described simple people taking services holy communion church map shows church stood feet shore january local justices peace petitioned concerning sea september land near rods feet harm village failure support beer shops points clearly declining population village abandoned end 18th century residents moving miles south west parish concern erosion cliff church stood possible village led commissioners install costly sea defences consisting reported commissioners adopted scheme proposed sir thomas page protect church sea defences proven counter productive sea water collected continued undermine cliff according john commissioners pay scots view interest secure level ground overflowed hill washed away insignificant village cottages fishermen time present shore far place called black rock seen mark tradition says parish church stood found quantities tiles bricks fragments walls marks town household furniture dress equipment horses belonging inhabitants continually found sands september high tide strong winds led destruction houses ancient building immediately opposite public house appearance having monastic erection following year according set notes written parish clerk john church stood safety sea began village local farmers dismantled sea defences village total wreck mercy sea scheme protect cliff church proposed john decision taken january demolish church march erosion cliff brought feet church demolition begun september year trinity house intervened ensure towers preserved navigational aid bought left structure built designed protect cliff ruined church stands abandoned time church little later replacement parish church built opening sea undermined foundations anchor inn january building taken redundant temporary replacement reported houses left village new anchor inn built renamed king inn construction work indicated stone doorway inn bearing date later extended form stands today probably today site church managed english_heritage village disappeared present appearance cliff church grassy slope large stone place april sea defences continue maintained trinity house surviving fragments early medieval cross stood inside old church design millennium cross commemorate thousand years christianity stands entrance car park commissioned canterbury city_council bouncing bombs second world war coastline east village test prototypes barnes bouncing bomb area chosen clear landmark church towers ease recovering prototypes shallow water probably factors different versions bomb tested leading development operational version known bomb raf squadron operation known raids dams district germany attacked night formations lancaster bombers lancaster bomber testing site commemorate 60th anniversary exploit prototype bouncing bombs feet long feet wide lay sea wall removed army prototypes recovered shoreline bay museum gallery little miles west display dover castle hurricane memorial museum raf isle governance 10th century charter king gave canterbury boundary mainland estate adjoining parishes 20th century estate included isle book named meaning probably meeting place local court included included neighbouring area local larger named detached parish divided northern southern halves included longer included land members listed archaic taxes known tenths listed members northern half upper listed constable northern half chosen court manor usually held parish represented known kent rolls years later purposes tax levied appear appear street recorded parish heading recorded heading parish recorded parish heading kent generally related administration county parishes lay parishes isle nicholas wade created parts parish continued subordinate relationship original parish 19th century remained perpetual 20th parish boundary area square miles km2 remained ecclesiastical civil purposes included settlements brook brook farm parish extended west parish south west boundary parish ran centre main road bounded open country south east east parish civil functions parish merged civil parish bay conversely electoral ward local government district canterbury includes brook farm extends eastern town bay ward seats canterbury city_council local elections won existing edwards ann taylor conservative national level english parliamentary constituency north roger gale conservative general election gale won votes giving majority united_kingdom independence party won votes labour_party won votes green party liberal democrats won fewer votes green party performed slightly better european elections south east england constituency geography ruins roman fort medieval church stand remnant low hill maximum height feet extension hills sediments laid million years ago particularly displayed cliffs west nearby bay type location sand formation beds consisting fine sand late age rests chalk group forms base cliffs bay area sand formation medium sandstone sandy formation boundary highest cliffs rising maximum height feet west cap london clay fine clay age surface consists mainly flint gravel areas glacial deposits rocks easily washed away sea estimated roman fort originally mile sea north cliffs rate approximately feet year coastal erosion washed away village leading residents locate parish plan place manage erosion parts coastline country park allowed continue including site roman fort medieval church protected erosion new sea defences built 1990s including covering beaches church time year kent july august average maximum temperatures january february average minimum temperatures average maximum minimum temperatures higher nationally locations north coast kent like warmer areas inland owing influence north downs south average annual rainfall kent millimetres highest rainfall october january lower national average annual rainfall millimetres occasional drought conditions lead temporary use conserve water supplies announced water plant built increase supplies census number people present parish area square miles km2 including settlements given figure remained roughly stable 20th century dramatic increase recorded census number given included number people estimated increase height summer holiday season census relevant census area covered square miles km2 included outlying farms houses people found quarter born united_kingdom individuals republic ireland south_africa gender given female male age distribution individuals aged years aged years aged years aged years aged years aged years half individuals recorded described economically active having employers self employed recorded time students unemployed people described retired aged years placed highest level education qualification christianity religion represented individuals recorded having religion religion stated april march average gross weekly income households electoral ward estimated office national statistics year average south east england excluding london census relevant census area identical electoral ward area square miles km2 produced information area total resident population ward census numbered detailed information comparable census unavailable economy middle ages probably beginning 11th century members limbs port sandwich like limbs deal involved maritime trade shared ports duty supply ships men king use return concessions tax exemption king henry iii granted archbishop_of_canterbury market held weekly annual fair held saint day september shore shoreline little miles south east noted 1st 2nd century roman poet reputed rest kent enclosed area salt water known leased breeding ponds eastern belonging company based young sea bed anglo kent ltd search coal found coal feet thick nearby developing possible samples coal retrieved depth feet abandoned having found today dominated static parks appeared second world war present country park king public house free house nearby shop cafe defined key heritage area plans development destination green tourism canterbury city_council adopted envisaged creation touring pitches park south east roman fort leased camping club park closed canterbury city_council undertook consultation incorporation country park community facilities church_of_england primary school adjacent church school site hosts day nursery breakfast club nearest school older children bay high school nearest post office miles west southwest nearest general surgery miles south west bay nicholas wade nearest general hospital queen_victoria memorial hospital miles west bay closest hospital accident emergency department queen elizabeth queen mother hospital miles east nearest community centre memorial hall miles west southwest landmarks ruined church mary medieval towers ruined church mary dominant features added late 12th century church founded king kent granted land priest foundation monastery church sited near centre roman fort built completely demolished roman structures monastery abbot elected archbishop_of_canterbury king kent buried inside church church building considerably enlarged time additions 15th century retained prominent anglo saxon features including triple chancel arch stone high cross removed church demolished described act vandalism parallels records nineteenth century archaeological excavations 19th 20th centuries established building sequence church areas missing wall marked ground concrete edged flint ruins care english_heritage sea defences protecting maintained trinity house fragments cross stone columns church triple chancel arch display canterbury cathedral towers twin sisters account arose current years supposed happening late 15th century usual form example 19th century travel guide invention created pseudo historical detail legends includes invention story brothers robert richard substituted sisters country park country park nature reserve managed canterbury city_council kent wildlife trust covers acres comprises narrow strip protected cliff land miles long running remaining enclosure roman fort west cliff area included coast coast sandwich bay spa similarly named site country park cliffs local nature reserve covers acres coastline winter birds seen summer months largest colony sand kent nests soft cliffs reported begun nesting seen time cliff remaining cliff meadows left kent home butterflies present nationally scarce species wasp coastline forms key land site london basin location beds contain wood displays rich fossil fauna section extensively studied years park won green flag award estimated people visit year including students educational trips canterbury city_council purchasing farmland south country park replace land lost sea coastal erosion found shoreline bay area including come threat invasive species carpet sea known marine recorded waters carpet sea indigenous sea japan carried parts world including new_zealand usa boat hulls fishing equipment floating carpet sea species potentially species living gravel affecting fisheries centre energy visitor centre country park opened energy interpretation centre marking years moving village centre features log logs woodland solar panels provide electrical power displays describing history geography wildlife area transport end road lane miles road nearest major junction way roman times connection canterbury road presence reflected parish boundaries length estate map shows end road king way use reported public road diverted cliff fall near love street farm remains roman road leading east gate fort found substantial consisting sandstone platform feet wide inches deep nearest coaching route running london canterbury isle passed miles south entering coaches ran daily bay canterbury destinations southern eastern coasts kent access english channel deal dover transport bay available fly type horse carriage bus service route connects directly bay canterbury daily sundays bank holidays destinations route include church_of_england primary school railway station line route connects bay daily sundays destinations route include church_of_england primary school sea sea bus stop adjacent king inn nearest railway stations bay miles west sea miles east stations chatham main line running london victoria station south eastern coast isle railway reached bay west extended harbour railway station provision public access purchase land station envisaged short lived goods station opened year passenger station proposed primarily serve tourists built south eastern railway proposed building branch line station grove ferry line join london chatham dover railway chatham main line linking canterbury bay canterbury kent coast railway bill presented select committee mps january london chatham dover railway objected particularly junction main line bill rejected line built rudimentary houses erected east kent railway company nearby constructed line area taken south eastern chatham railway october replaced cottages provision access sea maritime connections 1st century roman fort supporting harbour quantity variety coins found dating 7th century 8th certainly related location major trade route channel probably harbour anglo saxon times monastery operated fleet ships details 10th century charter king gave canterbury suggest island immediately north creating mini channel provided sheltered channel ships present day black rock shoreline remnant island 17th century inlet north west described ships called old pen 18th century place landing passengers goods village king inn anchor makes reference local type merchant sailing vessel continued serve coastline northern kent mid-19th century canal proposed run coast nicholas wade canterbury harbour sea going vessels northern end accessible new road beginning inn built passenger called bay pier route london destinations north coast kent service ceased half 20th century travel guide advised best way visit means sailing rowing boat bay far convenient place rowed foot twin towers little half hour run boat beach plant foot famous shore sung stationed mid-19th century withdrawn mid-20th century towers ruined church remain landmark practically use mark division areas covered thames maritime rescue coordination centre dover religion new anglican parish church built miles south west replacement old church mary new church given dedication mary standing plot land bought consecrated april miserable little church built rough poverty stricken style leaking roof decaying replaced present structure begun consecrated june church begun designed gothic revival style architect joseph clarke surveyor diocese canterbury time seating people simple relatively plain building incorporates stonework old church medieval font church probably chapel saints isle demolished 15th century war memorial stands edge churchyard facing adjacent lane records names died fighting world war second world war notable people king kent buried church tomb south church adjacent chancel later church south aisle traditionally believed tomb king kent antique form mounted simon 14th century philosopher theologian appointed rector forced defend appointment pope died france way papal arrival time july recorded owner brook miles south southwest nicholas physician king edward rector recorded vicar regarded best doctor king health records medical practice physicians time brook subsequently passed james pine sheriff kent early grandson sold ancestor henry elected knight kent created lord sold possessions kent finance brook subsequently property sir leading elizabeth james handsome monument south wall chancel church representing sir lady children figures kneeling brook brook farm remnant home form gateway affair brick thomas broke century son thomas religious radical officer arms york herald elizabeth james died buried inside church commemorated black marble tablet south wall chancel showing dressed herald coat robert hunt vicar minister religion english colonial settlement virginia sailing ship susan constant celebrated probably known service holy communion today united_states_of_america june vicar english civil war son paul born chaplain regiment royalist preached sermon convoy christian siege gloucester august estate map shows land belonged james spent life kent


brighton inner suburban area brighton english city seaside resort brighton developed adjacent hill area mid-19th century forms high class cohesive residential district exceptionally complete character clad housing city significant victorian churches landmark hospital building area lies immediately northwest brighton city centre spreads far ancient parish boundary development initially stimulated main roads brighton late 18th century hilly land condemned masses earth john constable painted devoted agriculture 1820s ascent brighton provincial fishing town fashionable resort prompted building boom quarter century hill transformed districts streets carefully designed detailed housing little demolition redevelopment occurred hundreds buildings granted listed status suburb conservation areas city brighton historic buildings include temple local landowner thomas read house private school royal hospital children currently redeveloped large mid 19th century houses hall area set piece residential squares terrace square terrace crescent architectural partnership son henry charles important architects regency era brighton designed range churches includes city finest demolished postwar period location character centrally located inner suburb city brighton lanes ancient centre brighton miles southeast central miles west london miles north single official definition area covered hill authorities including brighton city_council define area west west hill east ancient parish boundary brighton seven area road junction north forming apex roughly triangular area major city centre shopping street western road lies south roads form important routes cross city traffic road runs south north city centre seven west east upper north street links city centre busy traffic limited smaller residential streets road ancient route brighton devil eventually london forms conservation area eastern boundary southern end extends east road include nicholas church brighton original parish church terrace small parts west hill land rises gently southwest summit hill writing said hill commands magnificent view fine air john constable stayed brighton times 1820s impressed described masses earth called country produced paintings area provide record appearance built grassy sheep pasture beneath chalk pattern repeated rest city sussex coast miles inland chalk complete accessible strata europe formed million years ago areas chalk prevalent soil found thin layers high calcium content poor agricultural value common rest brighton area temperate climate climate classification characterised mild calm weather high levels sunshine sea healthy air attributed low level tree cover average rainfall levels increase land rises mean millimetres millimetres south downs brighton locally distinction northern area hill area known hill lower land south west far boundary western road known names sources area grove road michael angels church called study area appears area map makes earliest england bristol taking adapting french spa resort town popular rich english people 18th century excellent climate good medical facilities term estate area politics hill predominantly residential buildings uses primarily commercial retail areas clusters small shops restaurants southern close brighton main retail area western road churchill square shopping centre streets provide long southward views sea area forms brighton city_council regency ward city brighton pavilion parliamentary constituency elected caroline lucas green party general election held seat increased majority general election regency classified metropolitan ward office national statistics united_kingdom population live ward characteristics include lower proportions children manufacturing sector workers detached houses households car national average higher proportions single person households people qualified degree level privately rented accommodation average population density higher metropolitan united_kingdom regency ward covers acres central brighton bounded seven north ancient brighton parish boundary west english channel south road north street old east includes territory southern boundary western road runs middle ward time united_kingdom census size ward measured acres regency population population density persons higher city brighton south east england ethnic mix similar wider city south east england census people regency classified white mixed asian asian british chinese black british largest differences comparison brighton overall lower proportion white people higher proportion belonging chinese ethnic groups gender balance significantly different city brighton residents male recorded census proportion rose people regency ward history south downs range chalk hills surrounded ancient fishing farming village brighton pasture sloped english channel coast farmed ways parts divided strips according local system paul pieces areas left grazing sheep area covered example brighton based land relatively gentle slope gradient height land difficult work strips marked rest land given grazing map brighton shows large section northwest parish north west west north road marked sheep official time known church hill reference nicholas church parish church brighton stood near road west road described church hill west corresponding east later known west hill brighton 19th century growth road increasing importance known road vine mill built downs brighton erected sheep common land ownership traced 11th century earl son king late 18th century held influential local landowners thomas held acres john 3rd duke owned acres died transferred son thomas read family acquired land sold friend family history large scale land acquisition brighton goes late 16th century purchase grounds thomas read moved brighton decided return time enjoying rich social life considerable inherited wealth owned land brighton sites choose new home selected remote site near track running road later road time people living farmland church hill west including eccentric marine corporal occupied cave chalk pit navy fighting battle copenhagen retained military interest chalk models sell rigged pistols form miniature battery fire celebrate military read house probably designed son henry called temple popularly nicknamed brighton mansion chosen site close spring ann neighbouring parish richard russell known generations health giving effect sheep iron rich water primitive little spa years associated pump room gardens popular visitors long increasing popularity brighton resort resulted growth housing expansion outside ancient street village houses completed land church hill ideal development land ownership complex unlike sheltered southwest facing slopes close ann centre brighton fashionable social scene old area developed rapidly residential district 1820s earliest brighton 19th century suburbs read heavily involved speculative town estate edge brighton moved house temple boys school began selling plots land area streets areas housing took shape road develop site long track given read access house named appears map houses numbers henry semi detached numbers date place sloping terrace especially pretty houses 1820s development william occupied houses time henry charles built houses track road work started terrace construction pair lodge terrace stood surrounding buildings red brick walls elaborate entrance columns patterned development accelerated thomas read declared bankrupt forcing sell land france parcels land rapidly developed streets especially south leading western road set piece squares temple isolated firm george son built new vicar brighton henry wagner neo tudor house stood nearest road wagner sister moved newly built house nearby encouraged development adjacent road place storey houses terrace built behalf grounds house brighton connected railway network line sea opened followed completion link london stimulated growth 1840s boom period brighton grew rapidly 1840s new houses built compared preceding decade effect greater station close foot west hill 1840s crescent laid houses built road road terrace fully built upper north street important route lined modest treated houses attractive composition terrace built finished victoria street laid bay fronted houses house constructed near temple new sussex hospital alterations black architecture firm flats called temple heights developments 1850s included square road norfolk terrace terrace area took property developer john bought acres land basis family acquired soon thomas read died france seven years leaving brighton escape debts land acquired developed prominent families related thomas read marriage henry worked develop area brother george thomas john prolific builders denmark terrace continuation terrace erected 1860s south end met temple gardens road temple stood 1860s parts norfolk road development started years michael place houses impressive length height development terrace place road terrace residential development nearly complete 1870s suggested ordnance survey map time shows undeveloped fields area terrace brighton children hospital established years earlier western road moved new building site church road school west hill thomas built new royal hospital sick children nearby junction road hill extended altered houses built era characteristic style bright red brick standing examples include temple gardens gardens 1890s row denmark terrace road numbers built especially elaborate road ornate corners london brighton express electric railway company sought permission build new surface railway line westminster terminus near junction road western road passing hill council supported parliamentary bill came promoters proposed council longer interested additions alterations minimal early 20th century house new sussex hospital women following alterations black similarly rebuilt 19th century house road chapel brighton christian scientist community year hospital extended rear 1930s new flats called york built site royal hospital absorbed neighbouring villa additions brighton high school taken temple included set classrooms 1960s later administration block sports hall designed architects morgan partnership included reformed episcopal church norfolk terrace replaced baptist church church built replaced sheltered accommodation house replaced 1970s park royal flats blocks flats built decade spare land terrace terrace buildings churches hill areas extant churches church building secular use buildings listed status churches demolished postwar period anglican michael angels church centre anglo catholicism high church worship opened daughter churches planted paul church early victorian era george frederick designed original building behalf friend charles paul work started william supplied plans extension executed architect recently deceased office parts connected bay arcade inside original nave aisle building tall red brick stone gothic revival structure windows internal fittings combine satisfying way 19th century stained glass called best sussex church grade listed mary church brick stone gothic revival building designed area roman catholics gilbert frederick added school respectively complex takes large site upper north street tall tower landmark stands separated decorated gothic nave chancel interior contrasting stone carved designs marble joseph carved saint joseph saint george flank entrance mary grade listed status church christ scientist serving city christian scientists notable house road built early 1850s converted church local architects black exterior elaborate large flanking windows gallery survives inside joseph wood place baptist church replaced reformed episcopal church low brown brick building stands corner site norfolk terrace echoes cathedral treatment façade bays linked wall style roof bay vertical rows bricks flat church hall grade stephen church place closed day centre homeless people george designed plain classical façade octagonal lies ballroom castle inn built john later transported place arthur additions church refurbished fire christ church stood road south western road george designed scott undertook restoration architects worked local churches gothic revival building interior matching cathedral arson attack exterior survived demolished favour international modern style christ church house flats congregation church moved nearby patrick church church stood junction road road site present house closed foot helm clock tower prominent skyline large shaped auditorium revival building described designed thomas simpson work house sheltered housing scheme began norfolk road methodist church designed stood norfolk road large early english decorated gothic revival flint stone building tower extensive array stained glass externally internally main aisle led eye central altar pulpit stood little distinguish anglican church known methodist cathedral south demographic changes meant congregation church closed demolished following year replaced house large block flats bland red brick façade public buildings royal hospital sick children important brighton life known local landmark officially opened july june new children hospital opened royal sussex county hospital campus city designed thomas storey queen anne style building red brick dutch extensions included later enclosed black firm vernacular style wing storeys partly tile hung timber decoration mention potential closure came government allocated million new facilities royal sussex county hospital eastern road likely building demolished site redeveloped luxury flats residents unsuccessful attempt hospital listed english_heritage stated original design altered character lost taylor company bought hospital december proposals clear site build combined residential development surgery refused twice city_council taylor appealed latest refusal grant planning permission flats day public inquiry held brighton town hall local conservation group hill association led opposition taylor plans demolish hospital planning inspector john turned taylor appeal praising architectural quality thomas main building consider main block particularly southern façade southern end road frontage contribute positively character appearance conservation area said taylor abandoned plans clear site forward compromise plan kept main building demolished later buildings site plan supported hill association approved council flats site went sale marketed royal quarter iconic main hospital building called building currently restored converted provide flats temple main brighton high school built son henry described certainly exotic tastes charles architects closely associated development brighton regency era confident strongly planned architecture city temple early commission moved brighton north east walls retain original appearance long formed series arches paired vertical features bizarre form unusual capitals described resembling egyptian style engaged columns west south building drastically altered roof replaced curious central spiral staircase housed cylindrical structure removed chimneys taken away dimensions building match solomon temple jerusalem temple grade listed building large flint brick wall surrounding building listed grade decorated stone lion heads extension built southwest corner junior pupils shared building senior school moved times norfolk terrace crescent finally new facilities school sixth form george son designed behalf vicar brighton henry wagner building prominent windows ornate staircase survives inside residential squares terrace runs east slope hill private gardens site moved hill construction work took place house terrace gardens finished houses combine regency style charm victorian architecture use angled bay windows set late example distinctive local practice house built villa window range shared neighbouring houses middle window blank numbers project slightly taller houses raised roadway giving views private gardens south commanding view sea number stands separately listed originally arms pub denmark terrace heavy detailing large storey bay fronted houses east identifies 1860s buildings prominent pairs style reminiscent work 18th century architect james houses linked iron floor balcony runs length terrace floor level red brick houses face terrace crescent described great area henry works crescent developed years main section numbers built grade houses listed grade added blocks end houses arranged linked alternating pairs layout unique placement crescent face inland south downs sea unusual houses bays central entrances topped capitals decorative houses gardens crescent important area open space conservation area pairs delightful semi detached road development henry style influences regency architecture bow windows style walls extensive prominently cast iron charming houses set plots wood street completed course years listed buildings norfolk terrace norfolk road terrace norfolk terrace 1850s development west northernmost houses tall terrace thomas arranged pairs flat fronted houses wider central elevation windows large round arched building style south houses bay windows cast iron abbey hotel terrace built mary wagner forms east road storeys bow windows floor level blocks flats occupy site house demolished flint garden wall survives smaller scale houses listed line norfolk road developed 1830s 1860s bay windows cast iron characteristic features street called street grove road square square rare example brighton fully enclosed inland square developments architectural details scale similar shaped formed road square developed john years land granted september seven people moved houses built cases built structure house came later builder called stephen responsible houses originally planned flat fronted given bow fronts built rise storeys features georgian victorian design small garden centre square taken brighton corporation intimate scale road houses listed unlike square built decade later storeys bay windows cast iron michael angels church stands southern end grove leads east square buildings mid 19th century listed detached semi detached houses 1850s short terrace long terrace long tall terrace houses blocked view south downs crescent built crescent forms outstanding quality west road houses open space outside crescent fronts east terrace parts south dates 1850s grade listed parts numbers dated rise storeys numbers extra storey individual detailing slightly different floor cast iron small windows common themes numbers date storeys window range mixture bow windows bays windows bow fronted cast iron floor level second floors number vine mill post mill took william vine moved area previously miller august having bought mill recent auction house came survives rose cottage vine place took previously called mill place storm damaged mill repaired subject paintings constable 1820s locally famous henry married vine family time vine died mill bought edward round hill demolished gardens occupy site second stood nearby confused vine mill sources missed maps called fan tailed post mill larger vine mill modern design historian stated existed receive official mid-19th century time moved street hill hill area brighton stood private gardens terrace later built known gardens mill inn upper north street licensed close site mills sources disagree named coach house grade listed building coach house stands hill built coach house lodge statue maker joseph rogers built house neighbouring numbers later wanted accommodation carriages erected brick flint building space coaches horses hay separate room exterior stone decoration 1920s garage closed royal children hospital bought store local set limited company bought building intending turn community centre museum storage clothes shop assessment building architectural importance granting listed status english_heritage described substantially intact rare survival architectural features heritage conservation area building structure defined listed placed statutory register buildings special architectural historic interest secretary state culture media sport government department accordance planning listed buildings conservation areas act english_heritage non public body acts agency department administer process advise department relevant issues february listed buildings grade status grade grade listed buildings brighton grade listed buildings defined exceptional interest greater national importance grade highest status particularly important buildings special interest lowest grade grade nationally important buildings special interest buildings listed individual buildings covered english_heritage listing figure united_kingdom conservation area principally urban area special architectural historic interest character appearance desirable preserve enhance areas identified local authorities according criteria defined sections planning listed buildings conservation areas act hill conservation area city brighton created boundaries extended covers acres notable residents famous people lived forbes african princess favourite queen_victoria lived hill prior marriage nicholas church merchant lived victoria road unhappy brighton describing house little frederick william preacher theologian divine ministry brighton holy trinity church nationally famous lived terrace road death resident road william king important figure british cooperative movement owned number eleanor lived terrace time late 19th century screenwriter edward home terrace resident street playwright author lived number victoria street death author francis king lived close grove home thomas lodge look legal action noticing resemblance king novel domestic animal king sell house pay legal costs losing case journalist television personality gilbert watched man british television 1950s lived death ray noble birthplace terrace blue plaque commemorating time brighton


bay largest town hampshire south central england lies valley source river miles northeast southampton miles southwest london miles northeast county town capital winchester according census town including outer suburbs population borough parliamentary constituency nicknamed city roundabout city number large old market town expanded 1960s result agreement london hampshire county councils developed rapidly world war towns united_kingdom accommodate london perceived greater london plan market mentioned book remained small market town 1950s start world war population little regular market larger hampshire county council definition market town important economic centre second half 20th century etymology believed derived town position outlying western settlement people refers trace surrounded settlement medieval times basing old basing village miles east thought etymology considered older settlement history early settlements spring west town earliest known human settlement area museum flint axes nearby fields date times miles west town centre known camp ring dates iron age remains earthworks town including long near site home fort hill community school west roman road lane mark course roman road ran winchester east roman road passes villages grey way iron age ancient route south town cross cutting highways good agricultural land led establishment numerous roman northern hampshire farming enterprises native aristocracy roman villa recorded historical event victory gained alfred great saw savage battle edward elder alfred son cousin market town recorded market site book held regular wednesday market civil war siege basing house town played host large numbers time michael church damaged whilst explosive store lead stripped roof chapel holy ghost leading eventual ruin incorporated effectively use civil war 17th century saw damage town churches great fires thought stayed end siege basing house wrote letter speaker house_of_commons addressed cloth industry important development town 17th century important 18th 19th centuries oldest successful brewery established thomas william brook street victorian history london south western railway built line london year extended winchester southampton rival company sponsored great western railway built branch reading line built salisbury 19th century moved industrial manufacture later began producing agricultural equipment including machines 1850s moving production stationary steam engines 1860s traction engines 1870s traders opened shops year town household names nationally thomas alfred famous invented founded chain shoe shops found high street 1980s ordinary citizens shocked evangelical tactics salvation army arrived town reaction employees trade grew openly hostile violent clashes regular occurrence culminating sunday march troops called mayor read riot act riot causes led questions parliament period notoriety town town described london newspaper john began production steam powered grew town largest employer recent history fortunate second world war suffer little bomb damage mainly stick german bombs falling road near michael church war town population london plan places rapidly developed late 1960s expanded town similar fashion office blocks large estates built including ring road shopping centre built phases phase completed 1970s later covered 1980s known walks second phase completed early 1980s phase abandoned site later build concert hall central shopping centre rebuilt reopened festival place brought dramatic improvement opinions town centre unclear town overall image later year gazette launched place proud campaign aimed changing people perception town campaign ongoing september marked presentation annual awards individuals organisations businesses nominated public local achievement mark improving image town place live borough entered best places live halifax survey number work improve image town continues latest central vision project coordinated borough council mid-1990s numerous reports described sightings beast big cat believed lion possibly local legend suggests animal shot killed official news sources document capture killing beast houses headquarters sun life financial automobile association game networks company solutions arm sony professional solutions houses european headquarters golf company industries include publishing etc telecommunications insurance electronics severe snow storms december surrounding area worst hit regions united_kingdom estimated motorists forced abandon vehicles town ring road evening rush hour christmas holidays geography situated valley hampshire downs average altitude metres major interchange reading winchester lies natural trade route southwest england london physical geography geology precise size shape today difficult identify single official boundary encompasses areas development area town represents bulk areas considered town separate parishes area includes previously separate village parish extending roman road old lane considered town natural western ward boundaries parliamentary constituency august parish boundaries situated bed cretaceous upper chalk small areas soil combined clay flint patches recent pleistocene sediments line bed river narrow line reading beds run northwest southeast line john north basing north line encompassing areas hill london clay divisions suburbs expansion absorbed surrounding farmland scattered housing transforming housing estates local districts new estates designed self contained communities brighton hill south black dam hatch warren acts zone south town south western main line western expansion green belt north north east making shaped like result villages john close town limits considered distinct entities hatch warren seeing rapid growth housing population increased significant growth occurring later half 20th century borough merged local districts form borough census data larger area census information published town separate entity figures published recent census borough population population density persons number women slightly exceeded men population white british asian asian british mixed race black black british chinese ethnic group regard religion population christian religion respond religions total accounting findings felt good health economically active time employees higher national average buying property mortgage loan higher national average working population travelled kilometres work biggest percentage employees worked real estate renting business activities governance tier local government structure returns county hampshire county council cities southampton portsmouth attained authority status largest settlement county administered county council remains largest settlement ceremonial county local borough council offices town centre elections council place years latest election conservative council overall control conservative majority council compiled conservative labour liberal democrat independent parliamentary constituency formed act currently served conservative member parliament maria miller elected general election september miller appointed secretary state culture media sport prime minister cabinet position resigned april town scheme local council france belgium germany facilities town hall adjoining old marketplace houses museum originally museum founded directed george local served mayor established museum public support able build major collection local history particularly extensive collection largely prehistoric antique watches association expanding museum continued years central location today time jane sister dances ostensibly set novel pride prejudice written thought based view society centuries ago town historic heart housing museum town hall building rebuilt locally run shops post office market place home multiple theatrical organisations situated corn exchange festival place opened october gave huge boost town centre whilst transforming walks shopping centre new market square aside wide range shops range restaurants large cinema century festival place opening takeover pre existing leisure park sold central shopping areas town area declined opening festival place closure department store home major retailers purchased development group partnership kuwait property investment company real estate provision redevelopment redevelopment started late shopping centre given major existing removed clear roof canopy installed protect centre bad weather allow natural light air shopping centre new street furniture installed new gateway entrance links rail station redevelopment completed quarter redevelopment work carried group variety immediately outside centre street stands noticeable heaviest sculpture male organ public display weighing seven tons image mother child carved sculpture town split new festival square traditional town local community outside central area town town east miles west square sports centre subterranean swimming pool steam room ground gym studios courts main hall young children sports leisure outside town centre leisure park featuring swimming pool opened park includes ice bowling alley club screen prior takeover century cinema festival place warner village cinema restaurant fast food outlets leisure park home museum contains network streets buildings based history hampshire football club town rugby football club ice hockey team swimming team known american flag football team known zombie diversity sporting activity area illustrated organisations demons club club club society home ground north cricket club bounty season hampshire county cricket club roller derby league team bullets difficulty finding suitable venue team practice nearby plans recently announced new pound sports facility suitable sports proposals include stadium town standard football league new lane athletics track hockey pitch gym swimming pool hotel conference facilities musical groups wide diversity musical groups ranging brass bands symphony concert band traditional wind band existence years band started brighton hill community school opened formed band evening class amateur wind players known brighton hill centre band years immediately world war symphony orchestra conducted cecil williams media served regional radio stations breeze serving north hampshire parts surrey sussex heart broadcast reading london provides regional coverage area bbc available town town coverage digital radio bbc independent national reading received town outskirts receive london south hampshire stations bbc national stations coverage enhanced small relay south town centre local coverage provided bbc south itv bbc london itv london received town local newspapers gazette publishes wednesday extra observer town covered newspaper hampshire chronicle education holy ghost school subsequently queen mary school boys state funded grammar school operating centuries producing nationally recognised alumni gilbert white pioneer naturalist famed cricket commentator john modern times education hampshire county council neighbourhood town primary school secondary schools distributed town larger campuses large education colleges sixth form college queen mary college college technology university winchester campus house campus closed july offered time time university courses subjects including childhood studies management pathways community development creative industries university health social care students work placement north hampshire hospital hospital students transport junction junction motorway skirts town southeastern edge linking town london southampton south west central area town encircled ring road constructed 1960s named east west churchill way runs north east reading motorway south west winchester runs east hook west salisbury begins miles south west head west wiltshire west country sharing miles runs south east north west reputation having large density larger dealing traffic directions adds illusion fact junctions built completed south western main line railway runs east west centre town railway station linking west england main line salisbury south west england london fastest train london takes minutes winchester southampton line west line portsmouth brighton west england main line salisbury exeter junction west branch runs north east reading providing services oxford birmingham north england scotland town terminus defunct light railway current rail services operated south west trains great western bus services town operate bus station majority provided group hampshire sub division district operate individual routes operate service linking villages park ride service links leisure park basing view railway station service provides daytime service roughly minute intervals week buses service provided borough council currently peak time service provided coaches limited business park railway station national express offers direct coach services london airport southampton bus station separating provision road traffic 1960s town redevelopment perception provision poor area cycling strategy developed subsequently extensive cycle network developed mainly road routes road routes run parallel directly alongside roads linked reading national cycle network route route extended south april canal canal started canal basin roughly cinema festival place located canal ran alongside river following line way old canal route passes perimeter ring road follows long loop partly embankment pass small streams water meadows old basing route goes ruined palace basing house eastern edge old basing followed loop small streams near hatch public house lot section built constructing headed fields embankment section canal western entrance tunnel exists nature reserve water canal canal walked western entrance tunnel allows access public eastern entrance tunnel limit navigation east tunnel renovated sections canal east west joins navigation river_thames plans surviving sections canal delayed times past remains long term aim surrey hampshire canal society religious sites notable anglican church michael west festival place chancel dates south chapel older nave added years later richard bishop winchester memorial chapel north east corner church completed ruined chapel holy ghost north railway station place worship past centuries effect reformation built lord beginning king henry_viii issued charter incorporation west tower 13th century building survives surrounded ancient cemetery lord william lies buried chapel wife according authors premature burial prevented lady buried alive cemetery accident family vault supposed heard struggles coffin opened late save life church mary old church enlarged saints church built designed temple moore peter church built designed housing estate built 1960s group named community churches covered area churches town assemblies god church called christian fellowship new roman catholic churches joseph churches denominations cultural associations gilbert sullivan comic opera uses word reminding mad character margaret abnormal behaviour thomas hardy referred obscure patrick play wrong angry set later adapted film real filmed locations park hospital unnamed setting novel poison shade local author sculptor working art mental hospital north hampshire hospital hospitals filming channel_4 hit comedy green wing george film conquer partly shot town national film board canada produced documentary called british new towns


danish pronunciation denmark northernmost town area surrounding occasionally known english situated east_coast peninsula far north jutland municipality region located kilometres north kilometres northeast developed harbour denmark main fishing port thriving tourist industry attracting million people annually originally applied peninsula usually refers town settlement began middle ages fishing village renowned herring industry thanks fishermen evening light end 19th century popular group artists known painters fisherman association established purpose local fishing industry railway opened narrow railway modern port opened november railway connections rest denmark tourism began develop early 1910s christian queen visited brought friends european built summer residence completed 1930s 1950s town grew rapidly population doubling reached peak population gradually declined january population thanks artistic community remains local arts crafts trade remains important income town numerous crafts shops galleries chains international designs branches town given abundance fresh fish coming port forms staple restaurants lawrence church built outside village end 14th century buried drifting sand replaced church designed christian redeveloped designed number buildings including railway station landmarks town closely associated painters frequent including hotel museum michael anna house house school grammar school operation end 19th century schools established school opened train fishing boats merchant ships public school opened primary gymnasium town opened later expanded aquatic centre number smaller training facilities completed primary accommodate tennis local football club founded plays lower divisions danish football golf club located south town station northerly railway station mainland denmark terminus operates local train service onward national connections ferries oslo airport flights destinations europe located southwest danish cities cycling popular history early history mentioned far century elder maria book running far seas makes peninsula called time mentioned documented simply means narrow building area dating 12th century west peninsula belonged shepherd fisherman east_coast south west today harbour developed main village south west lawrence church built end 14th century granted status market town result time largest community inhabitants grammar school opened closing lighthouse constructed fishing boats merchant ships wrecked coast successive storms led numerous flooding destroying houses died flood houses washed away farms area covered drifting sand result new housing built north east away rapidly accumulating sand 17th 19th centuries 17th century fishing suffered decline herring stocks shortly beginning war swedish army arrived january town white lighthouse adjoining accommodation keeper built drifting sand difficult access lawrence church finally leading closure partial demolition remaining artefacts sold auction lawrence replaced church completed redesigned local style single day ships left stranded coast artist paint fishermen landscapes half century arrival painters church inaugurated guest house town opened grey lighthouse inaugurated year bye laws established building requirements including completion roofs years struck cholera epidemic christian visited town stay hotel future painter anna daughter inn keeper born author painters arrived colony artists known painters followed michael fisherman association established purpose local fishing industry railway narrow gauge railway finally arrived connecting town rest denmark tracks widened avoid need transfer fish town typical yellow houses red roofs grew designed architect buildings town including railway station hotel museum opened 20th century fishing harbour built inner outer sections patronage hydraulic engineer inaugurated november later additions cold storage fish processing industry distinctive warehouses harbour designed early 1910s christian queen visited royal yacht occasionally arrived train brought friends european stayed hotels grew fond place artists christian bought land vicinity built summer residence gift wife designed furniture provided marie villa inaugurated april town celebrating royal opening flags embellished inside local artists passed prince princess caroline caroline death converted villa retreat scholars composer nielsen frequented youth purchased plot land sculptor wife anne marie nielsen small half houses residence studio named meaning end world nielsen family owned property sold machinery manufacturer 1930s development town tourist attraction led opening new hotels residents famous friends campaigned monument established square town commemorating fishermen jutland anne marie nielsen commissioned erect metres bronze statue holding monument showcased free exhibition hall copenhagen spring fundraising enabled brought sea november october lightning struck affecting wing music rooms world war hotel taken germans demolished facilities developed 1950s 1960s housing estates constructed north forming built area extending anna michael house opened museum new town hall completed festival founded making oldest music festival country primary genre folk music house broken paintings stolen painting christian stolen museum fires industrial incidents occurred 1980s oil slick affected coastline municipality pipe bomb exploded school ice factory affected chemical incident new shrimp factory opened industrial area local cinema closed major fire heath dunes painters painters group scandinavian artists visited area summer late 1870s turn century attracted scenery fishermen quality light encouraged paint air following example french adopting approach school broke away rigid traditions danish swedish art preferring modern trends experienced paris group reputed adopted bohemian lifestyle encompassed painters writers influential people time residents area joined family friends especially summer months group initially revolved michael wife anna member group native arrived colourful member group painting hip hip shows artists celebrating table garden painters included oscar christian marie group included writers swedish composer hugo gathered hotel dining room forms museum railway led expansion village brought considerable numbers tourists largely responsible breaking regular summer meetings artists colony longer find suitable accommodation venues meetings purchased homes anna michael continued paint 20th century occasionally joined earlier friends painters referred younger group painters continued visit area included settled area 1930s later museum large collection works recognized artists painted geography denmark northernmost town located kilometres north kilometres northeast kilometres northeast road takes peninsula projects waters north_sea straits denmark oldest areas lie south coast old known located western notable little fishermen cottages narrow streets danish national road passes peninsula bordered bay east bay west area picturesque distinguished low yellow houses red tile roofs beach areas wild landscape largely formed severe process 18th 19th centuries problems moving dunes subsequently brought control 19th early 20th centuries establishing large plantations grasses bushes fir trees significant migratory dunes remain area enormous mile climate surrounded sea directions cool oceanic climate lack temperature extremes maritime characteristics shared rest country denmark town average hours sunshine holiday month july higher hours recorded demographics population grown steadily reaching peak people shown marked decline 21st century population declined population began grow significantly subsequent decades reaching people jumping dropped began grow steadily major growth occurred 1870s 1880s population growing inhabitants new inhabitants artists significantly altered ethnic composition brought friends families abroad join colony noticeable change occurred population grew late 1910s growing major growth began place 1930s 1940s grew inhabitants population doubled reached population inhabitants growing following municipal merger population jumped population grew steadily reaching peak steady decline people recorded 2000s permanent population shown marked decline falling inhabitants january economy generations economy based fishing industry continues today facilitated fishing harbour largest denmark country main herring processing facility world largest fish oil factory town evolving fishing industry led considerable growth local population reached 1960s fish auction held dawn harbour october harbour attracts enthusiasts tourism town main industry initially attracted associations painters visitors sought benefit special light colour fishermen interest led new hotels summer houses expensive old fishing village transformed miniature city fine streets lined 1960s increasingly fashionable upper classes spend summers galleries selling local art iconic paintings spread town making places denmark galleries thanks town growing reputation sailing enthusiasts norway sweden denmark frequent visitors quality brand spread far resulting establishment successful american watch company designs set create design driven company centred welcoming spirit city currently new tourist initiative denmark targets year round attraction summer resort harbour adapted accommodate large international cruise ships new meter berth completed existing meter berth extended meters attracts million visitors year hotels restaurants shops galleries making tourism major source income employment annual attraction festival denmark oldest music festival held weekend july venues harbour area largest area camping situated kilometres northeast centre adjacent beach municipality right substantial local administration reforms municipality resulting loss administrative jobs bank established telegraph station established town opened hospital telephone services automated school established recently seen developments offshore sector initiative assist norwegian market establishment continues orders norway currently harbour enlarged order accommodate larger vessels especially cruise ships enlarged harbour expected attract large cruise ships year compared dozen smaller ships present new harbour provide new jobs increasing workforce harbour today completion danish yacht herring processing firm reported successful companies town home world producer fish meal fish oil shops restaurants thanks reputation artistic community local arts crafts trade important source income employment artwork sold galleries main streets away harbour area known glass pottery shops particular note produces jutland finest glass pieces addition arts crafts stores town wide range shops including jewellery clothes shoes flowers equipment variety food stores cheese shop restaurants square metres branch supermarket opened local cement firm produces concrete paving stones tiles granite items given abundance fresh fish coming port forms staple cuisine particular note restaurant renowned restaurants jutland established harbour serves shrimp herring sole lemon sauce norwegian hotel note cited restaurants denmark outside copenhagen serving french cuisine head chef hotel originally built emma christian bath guest house purchased philip restaurant restaurant hotel café popular café music venue bar night true bound visit famous butcher known landmarks northern northernmost point denmark north_sea baltic_sea meet different clear dividing line seen result turbulent seas common frequent losses combined town strategic location gateway baltic led site denmark earliest light constructed faithful copy constructed site original white lighthouse north town denmark oldest brick built lighthouse height designed philip lit time replaced grey lighthouse north restored white lighthouse houses art exhibitions churches old village church 14th century known sand covered church tower seen sand began drifting mile area surrounding church affected destroyed fields church door dug free congregation able attend service following years struggled church free sand allowed close church closed royal decree body church demolished new church built design christian design adapted designed number buildings collaborated interior anne created interior decorations new colour scheme highlight year celebration eve john evening beach song museums museum end 19th century summer venue group artists attracted way life fishing village opportunities painting fishermen surrounding landscapes museum founded october dining room hotel founders artists michael elected form board governors victor christian local proprietor hotel brother anna exhibition rooms extended annex designed royal surveyor architect jacob planned later extension museum inaugurated today museum works art disposal michael anna house residence painters dates expanded studio designed child died left property foundation conversion museum opened public house contains original furniture preserving atmosphere artists home adjacent 18th century house displays paintings artist friends house frequently hosts exhibitions mainly works belonging foundation house house west town large property built museum dedicated writer marine painter lived house death january regularly visited house opened public june offers collection oil paintings paintings colony artists including annex contains photographic exhibition year house hosts evening enthusiasts gather hear readings oral presentations music related writer life works bear museum central bear museum bears display belong private collection owner bear museum scandinavia opened collection contains thousand bears kinds historic value museum garden ice café bear shop special events arranged easter christmas nature centre nature centre located close northern tip peninsula museum specially built allow visitors hear understand area sand water wind light presents elements special atmosphere designed northerly building town regional museum town regional museum open air museum opened local population moved sand dunes museum brings examples fishermen cottages homes fortunate inhabitants middle 19th century old life saving station old dutch pictures ships distress related nautical artefacts collection items illustrating town history periods education school grammar school operation end 19th century schools established result evolving legislation new public primary school designed completed gymnasium added converted classrooms accommodate growing number pupils secondary school opened local authority building secondary school later moved primary school buildings extended additional storey wing completed school opened train fishing boats merchant ships remaining school denmark students scandinavia staff school moved new premises close opened initially pupils classes extended times years recently new wing added private school called free school opened parents wishing offer children new approach primary goal active cooperation pupils teachers parents sport sports centre dates large hall completed smaller hall built centre facilities basketball hockey tennis addition football fields overnight accommodation available local football club founded plays lower divisions denmark football system club tennis club golf club located south town road season popular tourists transport railway line connects station south operates frequent train service onward connections rest denmark station northerly railway station mainland denmark principal station town station opened designed thomas current building completed work architect western served railway halt bus summer buses ferry ferries oslo ferries bergen airport airport flights destinations europe located southwest reached rail metro road lies danish national road known connects town southeast stretch road western peninsula reached taking road road main skirt road town north lies nature centre peak season summer months traffic free parking facilities provided short periods car park near train station danish cities cycling popular west train station rent tourists number interesting marked cycle routes include circuits mountain notable people born anna member painters actually born hydraulic engineer designed fishing harbour proprietor hotel frequented painters artistic photographer born player born fisherman heroic david nielsen born architect gave distinctive look painters writers members artists colony close associations twin towns china finland greenland malaysia norway sweden