market town authority east ceremonial county england miles east city chester miles east miles southeast miles northwest population town census settlement time roman occupation town important centre extraction salt earlier years known production cheese silk agriculture present day known canals heritage events festivals parish church michael angels dates 12th century lies confluence rivers canals pass town union trent canal major roads good motorway links nearby cities manchester liverpool town population doubled despite reduction number manufacturing jobs salt textile manufacturing suggesting new residents live reasons local employment initiatives increase volume tourism town events annual folk boat festival roman norman festivals regular farmers markets rated attractive areas live england history book termination old english refers settlement village dwelling supposed refers salt town middle town founded romans gave surrounding salt deposits major roman sites salt production activity centred township quarter mile north present day parish church michael angels suggested pre roman salt production occurred area supporting archaeological evidence history manchester claims iron age capital likely inhabited salt making potential thought medieval castle thought unlikely lies king street fault roughly follows roman road king street occupation romans built fort field grid reference excavations south fort found evidence roman activity including preserved roman road excavation field uncovered signs roman occupation salt manufacture remained principal industry past years shaped town history geography norman invasion england thought pit river current street book area described wasted having cleared king william act rage rebellious barons gilbert baron shortly norman conquest title conferred hugh manor house built east town seat family screen church michael angels carved coat arms title baron lord march town scene battle sir william royalist supporters king charles england sir thomas second battle took place december claimed lives number command lord population rose 19th 20th centuries rise number parishes combined example parts newton added having previously added newton general increase population united_kingdom increase required provide labour force increased number scale salt chemical works town middle 19th century described town principal works surrounding farming district silk factory salt works newton town described having antique appearance principal trade salt fruit vegetables small silk heavy cotton works town bank newspaper mentions existence chemical works manufacture condensed milk common rest united_kingdom young male population world war near parish church lists names men died conflict representing male population town aged inhabitants lost lives second world war fatality korean war salt works brooks lane erected memory men works killed world war died second world war period end world war shortly second world war extensive town significant number houses built king street area north area bounded road anne road west especially south 1970s commenced building new road michael way allowed traffic moving east west town bypass main shopping street street bypass significant town centre old town hall library demolished bypass successfully eased flow traffic away main shopping street joining major roads remains eased proposed eastern bypass early 1980s seen significant quantity new housing development initially lane avenue areas new developments recently built sites old salt workings south roman fort field near norman baron manor house manor site old railway station latest developments old silk works big lock public house common local towns holmes chapel people attracted good road links motorway relatively low price availability suitable building land governance county boundaries early time time survey 14th century small large parish extended following local government act urban district local government act urban district abolished territory passed borough april town served east council parliamentary constituency current bruce conservative party elected general election previously ann member conservative party constituency creation geography located confluence rivers town approximately miles junction motorway main westward traffic route motorway southbound traffic town canals branch union canal trent canal canal united_kingdom shortest canal feet long town sits feet sea level upper laid large salt deposits plain boulder clay plain separating hills north wales peak district formed following retreat ice age glaciers climate generally temperate extremes temperature weather mean average temperature slightly average united_kingdom average sunshine average annual rainfall slightly average days snow lying ground days air frost census total population population relatively young proportion children aged higher national average households larger average consistent younger population average people household compared national average approximately single person households compared nationally majority housing stock owner occupied quarters people ages classed economically active time employment time students unemployment runs compared nationally eighty seven percent households car primarily travel work nearly residents travel work car work home remainder use public transport walk cycle census population answer question religion stated religion breakdown showed replied state religion christian figures broadly similar economy traditional high street small shops street street express historically major employers salt industry agriculture salt manufactured british salt employs people close proximity motorway led creation large distribution business park companies locating site approximately people employed ideal standard factory making china tourism fastest growing industries borough council recognised importance canals attempts promote tourism borough visitors folk boat festival estimated spent million town days festival power town provided national grid electricity national grid gas natural gas fresh water supply foul water collection united utilities culture community highly regarded folk boat festival run town year cancelled foot mouth epidemic day festival takes place long weekend folk artists play number locations town estimated bring extra visitors town festival period addition annual event number hoc events including roman festival roman festival led heritage lottery fund grant allowed construction roman theatre bull ring near michaels angels church construction regularly purposes open air music stage ice following roman festival roman festivals held tim consultant archaeologist awarded services work organising roman project norman festival town plans industrial festival series arts music events bull ring started local newspapers guardian chronicle radio station launched covering mid area including closed new local radio station launched mid radio covering nearby towns library street built 1970s replace old library demolished build michael way examples finds roman past display fountain fields queen street traditional town park number facilities including bowling green owned council football club current club town formed plays mid league cricket club lane leisure centre shares facilities high school large towns borough public swimming pool spite initiatives started provide hospital hospital near mid hospitals national health service trust primary care services provided central eastern primary care trust services provided medical practices dental practices landmarks religious sites principal landmark anglican parish church michael angels parts date 12th century majority built 14th 15th 16th centuries general church 19th century included removing interior reveal sandstone appearance seen today church site fierce fighting second battles english civil war landmarks include roman theatre built bull ring site old town hall library town bridge opened replacement earlier bridge town cemetery twin chapel dating hardy victoria technical school library opened red brick red building style building street offices town council mile north town centre king street lies hall dates places worship christian denominations town church_of_england methodist united reformed church catholic places worship non christian methodist church built booth lane replacing earlier chapel street united reformed church image founded current church second site queen street built completed church celebrated publication history church years catholic masses held cottage near cemetery building catholic_church town house lane church enlarged include catholic school town church later replaced modern mary catholic_church new king street image stone cross church house lane kept porch new church community church image relatively new church located social club works brooks lane transport lies road linking north south linking chester west holmes chapel east linking south lies railway branch line railway station opened closed passenger traffic demolished branch line freight trains closest railway station miles away following petition trent canal diverted original course provide transport town links branch union canal link canals opened actually canal known canal feet length shortest canal united_kingdom miles manchester airport busiest airport outside london miles liverpool john_lennon airport education schools mid-19th century british school newton bank national school cow lane brooks lane grammar school close site largest store church_of_england school erected street extended soon known national school result earlier school demolished later national school demolished 1980s site day care centre opened day care centre county council archived original september retrieved turn 20th century new schools built mary catholic school laid col france secondary school opened france start 21st century seven schools infant junior primary schools secondary school primary school tends accept students south town amalgamated infant nursery school primary school children older northern town primary school retrieved mary catholic primary school receives catholic children town mary catholic primary school retrieved work began original buildings secondary school high school school november retrieved december later additions improving teaching areas providing sports hall wider community school opened november ranked results schools league tables schools education league tables retrieved november primary school community primary school serve children outside immediate bounds town community primary school retrieved notable residents notable residents include john founded lectures cambridge_university inspired feathers tavern petition clerical subscription thirty articles helped start profound debates church_of_england 18th century elizabeth 18th century minister born town france family local landowners responsible development model village charles frederick lawrence local antiquarian documented early history discovered stone whilst digging town john wright landscape painter exhibited regularly royal academy james chemist inventor thomas bird developed process director newly opened general company sir charles banker born school house


county town somerset england built area town population town years religious military history including monastery 10th century castle origins anglo saxon period later site built stone structured castle belonged bishops winchester current heavily reconstructed buildings inner ward houses museum somerset somerset military museum town undergoing regeneration project redevelopment town centre transport links support central role economy commerce included grand western canal reached arrival railway county town somerset site park hospital somerset county cricket club county ground home commando royal marines central annual west country carnival circuit hosts flower held park united_kingdom office located admiralty way history town derives town river tone tone town farm site park ride close junction motorway site bronze iron age settlement roman farm british village near suburb place considerable importance saxon times saxon town mint king threw castle destroyed queen prevent seizure rebels monastery founded bishops winchester owned manor obtained charter men king edward freeing royal county tribute time survey borough considerable privileges population governed appointed bishops took county town late thirteenth century declined importance status county town transferred manor owned bishop winchester increased half times parishes wars roses scene skirmish thomas 13th earl devon baron queen margaret troops passed defeat battle second uprising gentry supported cause september army strong entered exeter advancing henry vii sent chief general lord attack heard king scouts panicked deserted army henry vii reached october received surrender remaining army executed fined total castle changed hands times civil war town siege defended robert blake july july town suffering destruction medieval tudor buildings war demolished base remains june duke crowned king england rebellion autumn year judge lived town bloody followed battle town obtain charter incorporation renewed charter owing members corporate body medieval markets holds weekly market today celebrated sale cloth called town decline industry west england silk weaving introduced end 18th century grand western canal reached aiding trade south enhanced arrival railway permanent military presence established town completion barracks world war canal formed stop line designed prevent advance german invasion seen length regeneration named strategically important town city government regional spatial strategy allowing somerset county council receive funding large scale regeneration projects council revealed plans called project regeneration areas retail town centre cultural quarter river tone aiming sustain central hub business south west area northern edge town centre adjacent main line railway station currently includes high proportion vacant undeveloped land council promoting sustainable high quality employment led mixed use development project set attract new jobs new homes area somerset college arts technology bus station project proposes build small offices riverside housing cultural quarter area river proposals plans extend riverside retail aim attract smaller businesses found riverside shopping centre plans town centre include greater increase size number retail units sites river tone set undergo renovation lock long allow boats pass section tone canal gardens received new cafe shed opened projects develop somerset square paved area theatre meadow country park near delivered government sees traffic congestion problems obstacle continuing economic growth important government growth strategy town new road infrastructure consisting new link road way completed september cost million second link road northern inner distributor road planned completion end cost million road link road avenue running station road governance includes area named village right originally hundreds dean division district districts dean parish situated northern suburbs parish largely built construction ltd 1970s population borough council main settlement administrative centre local government district district formed april local government act merger municipal borough wellington urban district rural district wellington rural district granted borough status district given alternate form borough council consists elected town manor ward returns remaining returning county council somerset county council based county hall consists town included electoral divisions returning single county councillor east north south west includes rural areas members liberal democrats conservative united_kingdom parliament county constituency represented house_of_commons parliament united_kingdom member parliament past post system election based town extends include wellington small villages parts current member conservative party european parliament residents form electorate south west england constituency elections european parliament geography lies river tone hills area known surrounded large towns cities seen directional compass geology area million years ago red rocks age million years ago somerset form solid geology somerset levels nature reserves local nature reserves protected statutory designation section national parks access countryside act south streams urban wetland northern suburbs children wood riverside reserve provides movement corridor animals including banks river tone birds occurring site include grey mute swan grey reed home butterflies small large white small heath small copper riverside linear nature reserve bank river tone providing willow woodland rough grassland areas flooded include water yellow flag silk mills park ride includes landscaping ponds areas river tone created park ride created woodland grassland supports aquatic marginal vegetation variety birds bats reptiles invertebrates hill community orchard converted rough grassland orchard kingston black mill varieties grown climate rest south west england temperate climate generally rest country annual mean temperature approximately seasonal temperature variation extreme united_kingdom adjacent sea temperatures summer months july august mean daily approximately winter mean minimum temperatures common summer azores high pressure affects south west england convective cloud forms inland reducing number hours sunshine annual sunshine rates slightly regional average hours december days sun recorded rainfall south west caused atlantic depressions convection rainfall autumn winter caused atlantic depressions active summer large proportion rainfall caused sun heating ground leading convection showers thunderstorms average rainfall days snowfall typical november march highest mean wind speeds june august winds predominant wind direction south west town population estimates includes area municipal borough plus neighbouring parishes bishop hull west estimated population largest town county somerset forms larger borough includes town wellington surrounding villages estimated population figures area economy low unemployment rate compared national average home united_kingdom office organisation ministry defence responsible providing navigational information national civil defence requirements located admiralty way workforce approximately staff start second world war chart printing moved main office home head offices western association town home local offices charity commission england wales general_electric store multinational clothing retailer new look opened famous production landmarks gray east street founded robert gray poor single women red brick buildings bear arms robert gray dated arms merchant small room chapel original benches painted ceiling designated english_heritage grade listed building margaret founded colony 12th century abbey acquired patronage hospital late 13th century rebuilt early 16th century building continued cared local parish late 1930s converted hall offices rural community council accommodation somerset guild later fell disrepair somerset buildings preservation trust falcon rural housing purchased restored use dwellings social housing grade listed building grounds castle include somerset county museum castle hotel incorporates castle bow municipal buildings form sided group buildings castle bow fore street centre square car park plain brick hall makes west frontage tudor tavern branch fore street dates rest building thought date fourteenth century area river north centre surrounded supermarket retirement housing theatre centre wharf nightclub bridge street gardens currently regeneration programme executed north bridge street include county cricket ground cricket ground hosted large open air music concerts elton_john rod stewart shopping farm retail park close motorway large stores including world second store addition venue park restaurants cinema hollywood bowl bowling known riverside retail park retail parks retail park situated close town centre consists retailers retail park going motorway consists units occupied recently joined outdoors vacant units amalgamated opening april second largest retail park fields retail park consists units plus anchor store extra redeveloped worn appearance retail park increase retail floor space old market farmers market took place parade market house eventually moved area cattle trading site ceased large indoor shopping centre east parade built site time pig market official orchard old market centre locals refer pig market operated site county walk indoor shopping complex centre anchor supermarket plus large national retailers subway coffee entertainer public parks number public parks including park park victoria park notable park located land medieval fish farm castle fronted pair cast iron gates glasgow contains stream tributary river tone flows hectares acres park located near centre town contains main wide open spaces war memorial dating miniature golf course tennis courts children model railway track added hole yards golf course park includes trees rose beds borders spring summer plants year rose garden includes royal national rose society provincial trial ground flower held annually park 19th century described west attracts visitors days gardens located centre town department store castle hotel transport rail railway station bristol exeter line reading line cross country route served operated great western served services manchester birmingham cardiff bristol london exeter plymouth rest west country generally fast slow trains hour bristol temple exeter train london railway route heritage railway known west somerset railway project authority responsible major regeneration project revealed plans metro rail transport plan road good road links having motorway junctions wellington close town major roads bypass section opened april relieving town heavy holiday traffic services located junctions local economy traffic problem somerset county council giving prediction significant increase based levels major new road undertaken way linking bridge street castle street opened northern inner distributor road road avenue open march motorway crash evening november vehicles involved accident close junction motorway northbound north eastern edge town west seven people confirmed dead injured buses coaches local bus services provided buses somerset addition town services run destinations super mare major run services places super mare wellington services provided south west hatch green coaches bus station run buses somerset served national express coaches cross town park ride service operated buses somerset linking gateway near motorway silk mills north west town air nearest airports exeter international airport bristol airport opened august double deck cars operated gauge line railway station east reach depot situated service withdrawn months track improved cars replaced time single deck cars old double sold spa short extension station opened making line miles long price electricity increase company refused pay offered sell accepted electricity cut system closed canal canal links opened having closed navigation opened following restoration education state secondary schools include castle school community school bishop fox school academy education provided richard college academy sponsored richard college somerset college arts technology community school specialist education provision performing arts called space somerset college arts technology partner college plymouth university independent schools queen college king college school march announced jim knight minister state schools families approved plans mean closure community school nearby canterbury school area schools closed august replaced september academy provision young people special educational needs provided special schools complex pupil unit sky college boys aged social emotional mental health difficulties school pupils roll ages complex multiple learning difficulties whilst partnership college complex children key stages medical tuition service outreach advisory service area access team health services somerset primary care trust home park hospital somerset foundation trust district hospitals somerset alongside district hospital hospital situated town run privately health town home doctor family planning clinic health centre clinic religious sites parish church mary built sandstone south somerset style preserves attractive painted interior notable aspect 16th century tower rebuilt mid-19th century best examples country feet tall landmark described simon acknowledged authority english churches finest england makes peace sky entire crown cast red brown stone tower bells bells hung dead clock mechanism parish church james located near centre close mary oldest parts james church century fragments 15th century glass west end like mary sandstone tower built impressive design tower like mary rebuilt 19th century case thought building defects original tower church backs county ground forms familiar backdrop popular cricket ground george town roman_catholic_church dates mid-19th century second catholic_church built reformation replacing smaller george chapel main church building designated english_heritage grade listed building grade listed mary street chapel dates located mary street samuel taylor living miles away came chapel preach occasions blake founded somerset hospital east reach preacher chapel attending celebration year george reign chapel original interior including flemish oak pillars style pulpit oak century 17th century places worship paul meeting baptist meeting paul meeting built paul street soon bowling green cups inn county hotel rapidly largest congregations county mayor sacked paul meeting baptist meeting driven worship private houses outskirts assemblies regularly raided justices paul meeting survived attempts turn coming william mary followed act reopened hugh 15th baron educated early life academy baptist meeting baptist new meeting registered rebuilt mary street chapel culture centre large region stretching miles directions town lacks public building assembly room municipal hall large covered space events held radio stations bbc somerset tone apple broadcast closure february caused financial difficulties small theatre provided busy programme drama dance comedy music exhibitions poetry local national touring artists closure building hands administrators support borough council voluntary group able reopen april theatre arts centre fully open date morris arts centre operates theatre based community school northern outskirts town concerts held year largest church mary recent years sixteen scholars consort performed capacity audiences home perform town churches independent schools local musical drama groups members association performing arts produces diary anti clash calendar performances town popular culture references mentioned remains day tailor soldier spy john given fictitious thomas hardy features long thanks fish douglas adams guide galaxy series books comedian bill bailey mentions town stand dvd claiming taken experiment sponsored sport rugby football club english rugby union club based currently play national_league south having achieved promotions county ground originally home cricket club formed played county ground moving conjunction hockey club county ground solely somerset county cricket club somerset formed club achieve class status county ground capacity ends called river end old pavilion end current home england women cricket team somerset cricket museum situated county ground cricket club located new sports club ground features cricket fields ground regular home venue somerset second cricket club ground adjacent park cricket club located nearby sports social club clubs play west england premier league leagues town football club play drive town formed local businessmen changing current played friendly fixture history members western league spent season spell southern league period western league returned southern league winning latest organisation english football league system club currently members southern league division south west somerset rugby league club formed beginning rugby football league plans develop game traditional areas north england initially mixture royal marines based exeter number local rugby union players keen try man code play park home rugby union club formed tigers semi professional basketball team competing english basketball league men division team play home games leisure centre capacity seats close hills miles centre racing held area previously race present site held september stands called orchard stand stand provide catering facilities meetings conferences days racing taking place local club played number years recently exeter district league train play home games leisure centre oval motor racing circuit close somerset devon border frequently referred racing circuit miles central local raised replacement hamilton park opened community mountain bike project partnership forestry commission developing series downhill style mountain bike trails outside town run volunteers local close riding community funded solely kind donations involved redevelopment dirt jumps notable residents following people born lived joseph english pastor author professional manager born actress born december william bernard architect october july born andrew actor born june actress model born march wife george_harrison equestrian won gold medals summer paralympics athens medals summer paralympics london born currently lives village outskirts john publisher william noted composer principal royal academy music buried bishops hull church stephen time academy_award nominated tony award winning theatre film director producer charles george gordon british general known gordon educated school retirement complex road lodged house temple methodist church nobel prize physics winner british radio personality producer currently producing scott mills bbc_radio_1 alexander william travel writer historian august january born house near scott english currently playing united lee martin currently plays born february business philanthropist star series dragons den born february william engineer best known lee service rifle late nineteenth century born member team olympic squad team play olympic games frank moore painter director honolulu museum art born alfred architect abraham_lincoln born april october pipe professional player james actor stars joint hbo bbc series rome born june rhodes celebrity chef head chef castle hotel richards west_indies cricketer born antigua resident playing somerset andy robinson england rugby union international head coach head coach scotland born april author born resident later hugh 1st military officer involved establishment royal_air_force february february born marcus england cricketer given citizenship award sir charles 1st governor madras april june born celebrity chef frederick porter chief constable scotland yard born david henry wilson english writer known children stories james series france germany massachusetts


known come welsh jesuit college francis jesuit gathering place ecclesiastical province college england jesuit college based large farmhouse included houses called upper lower divided walled able generate equivalent prime annually land came attack plot raided bishop john arnold ultra protestant charles price volumes library confiscated removed cathedral library original buildings demolished existing building dates soon grade listed building history south wales mission originally based miles south soon year superior received earl worcester estate called parish estate consisted farm buildings land villages welsh newton miles focal points disturbance june july year father robert jones resided implicated attempt save gunpowder plot perpetrators henry time refused issue legislation saying intended use early 17th century home william province founded john sheltered college francis college known welsh jesuit college francis death charles known rector serving refuge priests base martyr david lewis head catholic seminary came attack plot raided bishop john arnold ultra protestant charles price buildings grounds based large farmhouse included houses called upper lower divided walled able generate prime equivalent annually land time library volumes confiscated removed cathedral library original buildings demolished existing building dates soon site demolished 17th century house held jesuit college incorporates remains original house half way long range hills slope trace life led jesuit inmates times originally shooting box subsequently farmhouse grade listed terrace house retaining wall contains rare bee wood area known wood today


pop suburban town metropolitan borough greater manchester england lies river foothills south forms continuous urban area miles east town centre miles north northeast city manchester spans urban suburban rural locations hill east canal west includes villages adjacent junction motorway historically lancashire middle ages hamlet located township parish named anglo norman conquest england resulted ownership minor norman families 15th century descendants families successfully agitated chapel ease constructed banks river triggering development main settlement despite distinction increase size population dawn trade late middle ages supplement income inhabitants entered domestic system producing cloth purpose built cottages early modern period survived listed buildings flourished period industrial revolution supplanted domestic industries converted urban mill town mass produced textile goods cotton mills ring mill museum urban district established governed district council abolition described centre south lancashire dialect john wrote pseudonym tim acclaimed 18th century satirical poet wrote broad lancashire dialect born poet influenced work wrote extensive account mid-19th century tribute heavy textile industries declined mid-20th century town continued grow result urban renewal immediate proximity road rail motorway networks history human activity evidenced ancient stone axe found bronze iron age peoples left thousands flint tools found surrounding including stone hammer found low hill low hill site ancient burial mound found small roman statue goddess victory discovered farm excavations reservoir century celtic spear head inch blade unearthed implying human locality british iron age evidence implies presence anglo locality inscribed stones discovered farm latin text suggest existence 9th century anglo monastic site viking age community surrounding region derived old english meaning certainty corruption old pronunciation howe water driven corn mill place called mill hill river mentioned deeds dating explanation means mill row houses combining old english elements raw suggested derived local family surname owned row houses locality map shows present location included emerged settlement norman conquest england norman families controlled lands formed township evolved main settlement addition encompassed hall gate cum linked parish middle ages small scattered community primarily growing grain main labour people dry introduced early time evidenced ancient found constructed year lords manor chapel wider community document dated march reign henry vii open land river site new chapel legal documents dated state consisted cottages hall expand introduction weaving trade began late middle ages continued 19th century time nearby local market town central marketing finishing hub weaving cloth domestic system staple industry community growth prosperity sheep skins needed week provide industries early 16th century demand wool great local supply region imported ireland english consequence trade rows fine stone domestic workshops cottages constructed original core dwelling quarters lower floors shops floor onset industrial revolution river power large weaving mills generation century following boom nearby staple industry changed wool weaving cotton spinning soon distinctive rectangular brick built mills dominated landscape location earliest ring spinning companies characteristics company town exercised significant political influence local area following great depression region textile sector experienced decline eventual demise mid-20th century cotton mill hall mill demolished late 1990s experienced population growth second half 20th century spurred construction motorway area making greater manchester west yorkshire station opened greater manchester light rail network february governance lying historic county boundaries lancashire early 12th century component area ancient township parish governed number ruling families including obtained title lords manor late middle ages local men acted purposes law order 19th century constituted civil parish dissolution local authority local board health established local board health regulatory body responsible standards included area local board local government act area local board broadly urban district local government district poor law union administrative county lancashire local government act urban district abolished april formed area metropolitan borough metropolitan county greater manchester anticipation new local government arrangement urban district council applied successor parish status granted locality application successful represented house_of_commons parliamentary constituency boundaries east constituency represented simon member labour_party geography miles north northwest central london stands roughly feet sea level western slopes miles north northeast manchester city centre valley river edge west yorkshire east west south respectively considered area covered urban district council extends square miles km2 river tributary river runs centrally south soil light gravel clay rough gravel local geology coal measures highest point feet metres east southeastern border metropolitan borough rugged valley close hill point average height land falls gradually direction northwest mixture farmland experiences temperate maritime climate like british isles relatively cool summers mild winters regular generally light precipitation year poet said lies ground unlike tall tree laid valley riverside bridge roots spread shoots directions trunk runs little bend half mile spreads way surrounded open grassland northern eastern sides forms continuous urban area neighbouring west according office national statistics greater manchester urban area united_kingdom largest number small named places including south distinct areas parish church station invariably given separate village public house said occupy land ancient execution site hamlet northeastern named reference east central occupy upper mid lower valley respectively according office national statistics time united_kingdom census urban core sub area total resident population electoral ward different boundaries population geographical dictionary estimated population residents electoral ward includes valley married couples lone parent families seven percent households individuals living age ethnicity community given white mixed race asian black chinese place birth town residents united_kingdom including england republic ireland european_union countries world religion recorded christian muslim hindu buddhist jewish recorded having religion alternative religion state religion historically addition established church particularly branch christian theology practised significant local population economic activity residents aged time employment time employment self employed unemployed students jobs students jobs retired looking home family permanently sick disabled economically inactive reasons roughly line national figures economy prior century economy linked closely spinning weaving tradition evolved developments textile manufacture industrial revolution industries textile production operational coal mining hall hall largest region employing men modern sectors area include engineering packaging materials finishing ink production main street comprises variety shops restaurants food outlets biggest employers machine tools precision technologies group based town moved manchester early 20th century operated street employed engineers workforce parent company employs people base global industrial consumer packaging company operate warehouse town half million units local mass produced jackson farm factory sun chemical produce printer supplies design produce dyed finished business park acre km2 business focused mixed use development occupying land adjacent junction motorway expected employ people directly people indirectly tenants park include sports station stop built phase expansion serves business park landmarks grade listed church james anglican parish church built dedicated james church_of_england lies diocese manchester origins church traced built year family moved homes following wars roses local population left place worship chapel constructed river serve community structure existed poorly designed chapel erected consecrated structural weaknesses church demolished following interim period plain building worship present church building built consecrated bishop manchester august described far distinctive splendid building district neo gothic thomas parish church built served new anglican parish created year dedicated thomas church_of_england patron bishop manchester church extensively damaged arson attack december war memorial located memorial park grade listed structure war memorial originally sited central set road near bridge unveiled august major general flood commander 42nd east lancashire division memorial constructed sandstone bronze statue world war infantry soldier rifle fixed bayonet symbolic young district early days world war selecting design war memorial committee influenced statue unveiled work george thomas thomas sculpted memorial holds bronze slate panels recording names died world wars hall 17th century hall grade listed building situated green space constructed built site house inn steam museum retained engine house boiler house chimney steam engine mill built cotton mill designed sir philip 1st operated industrial heritage centre mill longer standing steam engine world largest working steam mill engine maintained steamed month trust museum fully working cotton mill engine original steam raising plant world mill produced fine cotton spinning lake lies local country park built reservoir canal soon tourist destination local people leisure time lake covers area acres km2 path originally measured miles transport public transport transport greater manchester services include bus rail transport major roads link settlements including road forms route west yorkshire station line services operating minutes previously railway station loop line connected manchester station constructed drafted contractors lancashire yorkshire railway august line opened commercial traffic november passenger trains station originally staffed line dual track section reduced single track railway station closed october converted use expanded network station reopened february station opening time area station station situated junction trans motorway construction began april process spread mud dirt town official opening motorway october queen elizabeth_ii welcomed 1st baron role lord lieutenant lancashire chairman urban district council wife opened queen cast aside protocol informal meeting people canal major broad canals great_britain passes north western boundary divides village districts canal historically highway commerce cotton wool coal area bus services operate manchester services serve estates operated greater manchester manchester community transport education free school founded death john council school constructed james school evolved modern primary school parish church_of_england primary school church_of_england linked anglican parish church james primary schools central named county primary county primary named community primary non academy valley high high business enterprise college secondary school educational school non religion learning facilities include built library sports cricket club based played central lancashire cricket league foundation formed group local businessmen felt district deserved distinct team members club recruited teams selected play clubs surrounding soccer village consists indoor pitches arena spectator seating casual amateur organised leagues tournaments golf course affiliated english golf union new rugby league club local rugby league team public services home office provided greater manchester police force division headquarters metropolitan borough nearest police station north statutory emergency fire rescue service provided greater manchester fire rescue service station road hospitals nearest larger settlements north central birch hill hospital near villages hospitals acute hospitals trust birch hill occupies union north west ambulance service provides emergency patient transport waste management local authority greater manchester waste disposal authority distribution network operator electricity united utilities power stations area wind farm exists scout consists turbines high generating electricity united utilities manages drinking waste water water supplies sourced local including outlying notable people john wrote pseudonym tim acclaimed 18th century satirical poet raised spent adult life born inspired william work behaviour upper lower classes alike written strong lancashire dialect works personal possessions preserved library commemorated prominent pub central francis robert anglican vicar edited volumes society publications ordained short appointments vicar rest life john professor mining engineer invented pioneering known detect measure earthquakes born liverpool owing brief visit parents raised notable people include gained fame appearing channel_4 wife swap raised stuart won silver medal men class summer olympics


estate pronounced parish west somerset england historic estate consisting acres hectares land situated national park houses estate years new mansion built burned rebuilt hunting lodge survived fire replaced years later centres devon somerset main building damaged fire house surrounding estate given national trust sir richard thomas 15th house operated hotel surrounding land includes villages woods national nature reserve contains kilometres 13th 14th centuries estate held family 17th century lords manor 18th known family taken william martin sold william descended family passed family sir thomas married family added surname sir thomas 7th remained family donation history early alternative spelled variously suggested relate anglo saxon word holly supports claim places start come old english meaning holly stephen robinson book local place names prefers explanation honey cottage old english 19th century rector said extensively studied place names parish preferred old english personal element references book records land held william tenant chief roger prior norman conquest land belonged called son held detached portion land second record shows holding half local historian lawyer charles identifies modern national archives agrees catalogue open project lists editors victoria county history series identify land held state manor actually scarce evidence holders period immediately william held manor reign edward described probable william man recorded son richard daughter married john son walter evidence conclusive late 15th century family claiming descent origins obscure earliest record william proved son edward died succeeded son walter edward refers property eventually grandson thomas owner manor house listed crown account books early younger brother philip died succeeded families family owned direct male line extinct death charles wife died daughter sir nicholas heir nephew william according records devon research victorian historian william lived parish devon great nephew died aged sold estate william master bought anthony wife sarah estate extended ridge nearly sea shore included land parishes married elizabeth daughter john died son william succeeded married died daughter joseph castle died years father daughter inherited estate infant died aged estates great aunt elizabeth died second cousin elizabeth daughter thomas mary daughter elizabeth died later elizabeth died conveyed share estate surviving son edward died turn conveyed portion niece making sole owner entire estate family elizabeth married sir thomas 7th devon park somerset prominent member west country gentry famous wife estates hunting seats built north devon kept pack dogs ranger grant crown title king chief officer royal forest according victorian author hunted country style respected beloved countryside time allow returned member parliament counties devon somerset preferred duties pleasures life country bore abuse grand old gentleman method keeping jury keeping term stipulation granted manor near estate survey lists let requirement handed major beloved collection heads lost fire destroyed house declared minded destruction loss fine collection heads known estates sir thomas honour later son 9th renowned generous closest riders death said architect anne open house kept hunting season eldest son died infant second son thomas ninth like father known locally devon somerset sir thomas honour shared passion followed north devon virtually abandoned family main seat mid devon live near north south edges respectively ancient royal forest renown red deer period death killed heads displayed stables stern employer hunt staff occasion killed sheep possibly belonging farming tenants ordered hang pack estate passed family february sir richard 15th donated estates national trust comprising acres largest donation received national trust estate estate role family estate home west country 18th century controversy locally nationally national trust banned estate early 21st century estate covers acres contains kilometres includes villages woods national nature reserve estate plays host point point course hunts hold meetings spring beacon summit hill highest point somerset sandstone hill rises feet provides views surrounding bristol channel hills miles away site visited humans bronze age burial form bowl lower slopes site iron age hill forts deserted medieval settlement beacon national trust plaque view south coast wales bristol channel south west_coast path climbs hill ends slightly shy summit elevation feet hill cliffs near summit series thought remains round iron age bury castle round scheduled ancient monument 16th century beacon site beacon warn impending invasions sir thomas miles beacon hills deep purple colour summer covering heather bell heather oak ash grow surrounding woodland unique species red deer wood lesser spotted fauna found nearby woods woods home bat species include bats small village civil parish includes lynch street separated bay beach flows river forming ridge site special scientific interest 1990s rising sea levels created salt marshes developed area boulder bank village south west_coast path rebuilt model village provide housing aged estate sir thomas cottages rented listed buildings walls painted yellow hill village 15th century church saints 14th century tower main attractions photographed bridge built crossing river village gets thought medieval origin village home house childhood home admiral john explored coastline new_guinea port capital city new_guinea named features village include cottages forge old fashioned red telephone box reading room built family foster adult education cottages operated local primary school museum containing west somerset rural life museum victorian school museum houses west somerset photographic archive village lies foot hill forms civil parish eastern bank water restored non working river crossed medieval bridges known way bridge crossed way parish church mary chancel dating nave tower added church 13th century tower farm estate built 11th century grade listed building ancient monument attached mansion house burnt estate multi objective flood management demonstration schemes funded department environment food rural affairs examine changes management river areas influence severity flooding area house successive mansion houses limited information available early buildings known built based surviving grade listed gatehouse attached cottage built new house early 17th century following purchase estate family new mansion house built site previous structure stable block building survives house destroyed fire family built hunting lodge destroyed fire replaced kitchen extension added lodge built 19th century estate includes cottages including rose 17th century cottage 18th century flemish bond red brick exists estate lodge hotel badly damaged fire early 1940s property somerset county council children home children born african american service men local women housed given adoption donated national trust sir richard thomas 15th devon ancestors owned house operated hotel


scotland scottish pronounced possibly meaning great enclosure garden island hectares inner scotland climate damp mild centimetres rain recorded annually fertile low lying island major centre celtic christianity 6th century monastery associated saint later seat medieval bishop numerous ruined structures including 13th century castles 19th century new industries introduced including lime early decades century population exceeded followed lengthy decline resident numbers small increase population recorded speaking date modern economy largely based farming fishing tourism largest settlement recorded vicinity etymology means garden enclosure simply big great reflecting fertility island amidst mountainous surroundings presence defined area surrounding early monastery earliest english language references recorded 16th century means field cross small settlements village church port opposite isle surrounding descriptive names black island isle flat island old norse geography island lies north east council area east arm known composed entirely limestone black slate fertile soil abundance trees shrubs including ash topography consists sheltered furrows land raised areas run island spine area island hectares highest elevation south reaches metres smith ranks 50th offshore scottish island height island largest southwest kilometres north north water bodies form special area conservation status accorded best examples lakes limestone substrate scotland waters clear low nutrients support rare curtis recorded lie island roughly similar size total surface area combined approximately hectares acres inhabited trout scotland subjected pleistocene sign presence rock cut platforms close indicate existence changing sea levels areas northern coast presence ice marks rocks ancient district said lie cockpit territory modern day heart national scenic area scotland views island highest point modest size vast high pointed hills lifting seas islands highland coast enjoy view mountainous mainland equal offshore west extensively common seals form special area conservation island limestone maritime cliffs key feature presence nationally scarce rock island inn island cluster small islands north coast lighthouse built robert lies small island south west lady rock kilometer away direction climate maritime climate cool summers mild winters nearest official met office weather station online records available mainland north bronze age island castle iron age uncertain date prominent landmark east_coast walls average thickness metres circular court metres diameter wall stands metres high reaches metres southeast second possible site south southerly examples enigmatic fortifications island date second centuries history early christianity scandinavian influence important centre celtic christianity early date chronicle records death known probably abbot monastery successors reason suppose daughter house abbey probably maintained status principal religious house remainder 7th century deaths recorded annals recorded half 8th century kingdom 6th century probably arrival late 8th century likely island absorbed norse kingdom isles established direct norwegian sea kingdom year scotland signed treaty settled boundary scots norwegian claims islands formally acknowledged existing situation giving claims exceptions including retained scots medieval period later seat medieval prior late 12th century included separated apparently bishop john unable speak seat new bishop successors known papal mandate proposed transferred secure accessible place event cathedral maintained position diocese centre moved burned reformation choir survives greatly altered form nave western tower having reduced foundations evidence enclosure likely medieval date ruins castle stand summit rocky coast west outline hall house 13th century irregularly shaped bailey likely later date tidal fish trap unknown age located small bay south east castle north east castle remains stone walled fort remains castle west thought date thirteenth century built held fourteenth century castle thought held bishops mid sixteenth century castle island 16th century provided brief description island scots isle lead ore opposite isle miles long parish church description western isles scotland mentions stated good corn store elders bishops nobles times view comment properly applies larger isle home clan claim family recognised lord adjacent site saint church burial ground clan chiefs barons current chief saint 16th century earlier hereditary keeper saint pastoral staff known 18th 20th century acts union merged england scotland united_kingdom great_britain taxes rose dramatically scotland shut forced underground act provided legal framework industry remains illicit period found ruins old cathedral trimmed remaining height given roof turned parish church bell tower 19th century lime particularly west_coast ruined remains cottages seen inn island old lime seen port port lime produced remains seen near seminary roman catholic school operation time inhabitants island presbyterian john stuart architect tower born 19th century alexander overlooking bay celtic cross memorial arthur cameron son duncan cameron inventor pen owner times newspaper drowned yacht coast nearby vicinity steamer lived lady rock damage visible steamship hit force wind harbour patrol craft sunk collision raf east light october according report loss lives south position like islands suffered 19th century large people living island years population residents time census examples abandoned east_coast census population risen slightly years old making scottish island oldest population present day island population recorded census increase period scottish island populations grew majority resident working population engaged farming fishing sheep raised island reputation quality land owned duke farmers tenants prior supply drinking water island water supplied instead wells springs year scottish executive announced plans supply provided cost million pipe laid work begin laying kilometres pipes scottish water later decided supply water instead island linked mainland ferries vehicle ferry making crossing passenger ferry making shorter crossing northern tip island port main road island traverses south port north tourist facilities including cafe post office hired port petrol filling station population island spoke maintaining heritage aims heritage centre multi member ward isles council area island represented mike russell parliament edinburgh elected constituency westminster parliament london myths culture cave local story dog according alexander entered cave pain intended exit cave man sounds heard island ceased dog emerged presumed drowned cave impassable pools seen lament recorded air drowning pools story conducting boat_race land having right found monastery realising going lose cut finger threw ashore north enabling claim victory book dean complied titular dean james 15th century held national library scotland greatest treasures early writing written connection uncertain


scottish scottish large village easter ross highland council area scotland lies river kilometres north city south west north east village dozen streets main street described analysts highland council settlement inhabitants work areas easter ross greater area current town founded early nineteenth century alexander named son core village buildings date victorian era tourist attractions including monument black rock gorge ruined church lying near river flows miscellaneous natural historical archaeological attractions surrounding area churches church scotland free church scotland primary school nearest high schools convenience store post office public inn bus stop village hall named diamond jubilee hall community owns manages local woodland background lies ancient parish medieval lands known heart old ross traditionally supposed derived grant king iii mac legendary clan evidence existence family fourteenth century close proximity site castle old seat ross early modern period area dominated castle kilometres away began bury family place tells ancient church near like place names founded current church lord probably corruption older form formation unusual dedicated lord form given suggesting kind connection ireland suggestions included dedication church lay residence later middle ages ross individual seat ross place evidence suggests site residence charter granted earl ross records charter refers location called development replaced suggests names great early twentieth century william watson history settlement old known near location residences castle local landowner alexander clearing estates way sheep founded planned settlement relocated residents naming son day words historian remains today attractive example planned regularly laid estate village reverend thomas expressed similar sentiments 1840s wrote village built waste land differs country regular neat appearance village suffered severe famine plagued highlands 1840s riot village authorities continued export grain despite failure previous year potato crop similar riots occurred near starvation village villagers managed maintain village population recovered beginnings world war taken current physical shape point time contained businesses diverse bicycle shop subsequently disappeared twentieth century village enjoyed variety fortunes closed important historical locations easter ross castle demolished old seat ross 1960s owner afford repair dry raf airfield constructed near bay known base location estates later hms serviced aircraft nearby home_fleet base largest aircraft landed empire day raf bases united_kingdom opened public northerly location participate attracting visitors base closed 1970s oil boom 1970s caused radical expansion village growing steadily demographics modern village average little younger highland region general population varies depending calculated settlement zone different settlement course larger households inhabitants total zone settlement inhabitants population cases growing steadily 1990s saw moderate increase zone rising settlement rising thirds houses zone owner occupied roughly people live zone born outside scotland coming england geography enclosed north east south west rivers river called river glass picturesque river flows glass near ben miles passes northern end village reaches passes black rock gorge metres length reaches metres depth april days filming took place area movie harry potter fire gorge setting scene harry chased dragon river written large river run low summer flows mountains inland ross complemented numerous streams passes flowing past southern end village northern end old settlement mouth economy significant small percentage people employment oil industry owing proximity oil locally significant industries include forestry tourism catering significant number people work larger nearby households zone car population zone self employed economically inactive roughly corresponding highland averages hotels bars tourist income town generates area parish early eighteenth century existence reported harry author late eighteenth century section late eighteenth century 1st statistical account opened produced relatively small effects prohibition law damaged income scottish proved operation forced close building demolished small inn inn arms hotel lodging travelling labour garage auto bank small supermarket transport highland railway decided construct railway line going easter ross line completed following year gained railway station station called renamed sadly local economy station closed june platforms remain day signal posts destroyed railway line known today far north line passes town trains heard great distance nearest train station great road connecting edinburgh far north ran path street bypass created general scheme journey reduced traffic going village decreased revenue available local businesses road cut farmland zone shape fields compounded closure filling station village cars means transport foot bus service operated recently express service running began stop residents travel long diversion making easier work city personal transport culture local minister wrote language generally spoken form rapidly losing ground english spoken minister wrote people especially children learned english ease learned write minister gave reasons people keen learn english telling english language universally spoken higher classes mass people attach notion superior possession half century previously harry praised spirit region added pity hardly read write hardly speaks english today written walls parish church language effectively died english totally dominant residents village know language village big location highland folk circuit enjoys vibrant musical culture tradition regular practice local musicians meet inn licensed establishments town engage evening long sessions prominent musicians celtic music scene visited including steel note licensed premises open public inn miscellaneous home headquarters international charity care naked stephen reported arrested november engaged naked trek britain walking wearing hat boots spotted reported local resident sentenced months later sheriff court arrest meant miles order complete journey completed journey january repeated feat venue premier 1st tour new scottish national theatre unable find suitable location national theatre chose present home studio arts motion industrial estate number public facilities including diamond jubilee hall chapel road building work started december major jackson house gave building costs people parish raised rest hall opened november grand concert people village attending diamond jubilee hall transferred highland council community thursday september sports centre opposite primary school public village sporting activities basketball football tennis good sized park recent years local group parents young people worked highland council funding bodies install area track half pipe ramp new added eye highland council upgraded original park installed 1970s


wear largest urban areas wear england formed villages 19th century town neighbouring forms metropolitan borough lies road bypass mile east town centre mile south east newcastle miles north west city population history stretches years original manor granted 13th century passed families passed family lords manor members family served members parliament civic duties instrumental bringing heavy industry area john pit oldest largest region developed estate site mining disasters cost lives sir george developed safety lamps monument workers lost mary churchyard heavy industry took root 18th 19th centuries developed rural scattering villages firstly distinct settlements low high shore amalgamated local villages town administered urban district council road council disbanded wholly incorporated new metropolitan borough today broadly residential save light industry located bank river north governed locally nationally labour_party vast majority residents identify white british north areas particularly high levels unemployment served public transport bus services area lies wear metro line stations stadium town centre remains principal economic area recently million regeneration project demolition old supermarket council building rebuilding town shopping centre shopping units run parallel new long rich history area reflected dozen listed buildings churches numerous public houses locally listed served schools levels educational qualification residents low leisure provision good distinctive parks riverside facilities international stadium lies area professional hail including england international chris award winning author david history early history recorded early said refer clearing woods trees places britain bear despite country wide tree likely lies eastern descent fell rises team valley west low fell rising high fell descending ing place ending means people 13th century prior durham sir walter manor hold homage knights service marks rent suit prior fortnight estate passed walter son adam son estate manor death passed manor granted sir thomas bishop lewis passed son alexander son thomas inherited estate weeks old thomas lived years notable having high sheriff northumberland estate continued pass family surviving member family died followed period extensive litigation future considerable estate included low manor near contested families royalist catholic family elements estate divided share entire manor granted deed partition robert heirs life total extinction claims family duly lived wife anne sheriff newcastle mayor newcastle times duke somerset died estate passed brother thomas thomas grandson robert inherited manor robert granted abbey king james served high sheriff northumberland elected member parliament died estate passed son sir francis francis albeit northumberland abandoned favour residence abbey died succeeded charles cavalry colonel resided charles brothers older killed battle second brother robert participated english civil war captured successful royalist engagement february switched sides fought action earned reputation carried death early turn 18th century consisted little large estate small scattering tiny farming villages incumbent estate time come realise value rich coal deposits estate began drift mining initially found large coal estate difficult extract depth imported coal newcastle saw development extensive industries salt glass chemicals began attract workers area large copper works opened banks river works developed river encouraged developments son charles firstly commissioned extensive mining near surface coal estate encouraged discovery strata estate began boring operations allow ultimately deeper coal extraction result opening working high main depth brown paper mill opened mining disasters january original high main closed time grown enormously deepened reach low main shafts provided john pit william pit low main began operation october disaster struck despite containing date safety measures ignited tremendous explosions history coal mining took place explosions blast appearing pits cloud coal dust debris radius mile half ejected account recalled immense quantities dust coal rose high air inverted cone village cloud caused darkness like early twilight covered roads footsteps passengers deeply soon explosion heard wives children ran pit terror pictured crowd soon collected hundreds crying husband parent son affected mixture horror anxiety grief following blast rescue attempts started second blast occurred rescues occurred men saved remaining men boys killed days later decision seal fire oxygen year later december occurred half past clock morning explosion took place men thirteen boys severely burnt underground horses destroyed accident occurred time calling course set men relieving morning shift men standing round mouth pit waiting blast occurred descended met soon reached shaft burnt anniversary disaster commemorated parade mary church place entrance street industrial revolution spite disaster continued grow time explosions character changed substantially existed distinct villages miles south east lay high residential village township attracted methodist slightly north lay low heavily village containing large chemical works manufacturers noted existed neat houses cottages small gardens attached aspect comfort village north bank river populous manufacturing trading village developed known shore spreading miles bank methodist church built accompanied shops public houses frequented predominantly seamen workers adjacent coal ship building works vessels excellent quality built industry continued flourish established 18th century operated expanded oil paper mill developed works anchors chemical works opened anthony second large chemical works established hugh lee john lee george soon employed men produced high quality stone pottery joseph wood opened business station opened street junction railway linking south shields oldest passenger stations world reached industrial peak historian john wilson noted large village parish durham village stands northeastern railway mile increased recently present condition maintained factories mining operations connects shore coal shipping place post office station church built roman catholic chapel constituted population living value patrons trustees present day industrial heights proved reasonably short lived improvements access river served highlight better sites bank shore began decline decline limited space dock reasonably extended progress enjoyed matched time chemical industry began stall bigger efficient competitors overtook counterparts industrial decline matched continuous residential growth victorian era industrial elements survived met large housing south high low effectively merged march express passenger train travelling signal box approach station cause combination sharp frost morning heat later day saw track expand saw bar carriages rolled entirely cost passengers lives seriously hurt suffering minor injuries shock decline heavy industry continued large chemical works shore closed left derelict leaving million oldest extensive industry changed hands numerous times finally sold stake 1850s ultimately closed loss jobs boat yard shore sold ship yard closed place industry came housing high density housing accompanied industrial boom 19th century south soon joined wave development run 20th century earlier housing came stuart street temple street avenue form flats inter war years derelict industrial areas cleared large council estates semi detached houses gardens built old fold nest estates time ceased independent town incorporated metropolitan borough dormitory area remains today economy principal economic areas shore east riverside park built combined shore industrial estate today houses businesses employing people second central town centre area victoria square town centre seen massive investment recent years complete redevelopment main shopping centre addition new card factory shop subway sandwich outlet local taxi business amenities include post office foods store public houses fast food outlets north neighbourhood profile supporting document noted clothing stores shoe stores doctor units occupied low end traders units fast foot retailers vacancy rates high units tended remain vacant lengthy periods gave area run feel levels unemployment high total working age population employment compared borough overall residents claim double average highest figure borough youth unemployment levels high compares borough average highest figure average income residents compares average lowest figure borough geography topography latitude lies mile south east town centre bed sandstone clay interspersed coal measures laid million years split pass north road centrally distance london miles urban expansion makes exact overall boundaries difficult define considered area official documentation split distinct north central high north roughly comparable old settlement shore bounded north river south road broadly follow historical boundaries central area includes town centre surrounding streets high incorporates lane adjoining streets moving south lies land steep initially north begins climb slope south north centrally consistently sloping times high south west corner land reaches maximum height metres sea level largely bordered settlements metropolitan borough south town west lane estate east extreme north bounded river largest river north east england good views newcastle land use mixed land extreme north adjacent river industrial split pass land south pass town centre predominantly residential includes nest old fold estates centrally land mixed residential properties largely commercial use lane victoria square high land use predominantly residential green space including park cricket ground urban open space south street governance high low shore independent villages high bill hill urban district council sat council offspring ancient township inherited customs local government land people villages combined town council moved new administrative buildings road known town hall urban council administered district final meeting concluded rendition march incorporated metropolitan borough local government act immediately prior creation metropolitan borough independent town improved housing better transport links seen area decline stature today simply council ward metropolitan borough approximately square kilometres area population represented june bill dick paul westminster parliamentary constituency previously east washington west constituency abolished boundary changes general election years retired april awarded life house_of_lords june present member labour_party office replaced successfully campaigned newly formed constituency washington west general election elected majority frank swing labour liberal democrats safe labour seat success followed general election polled votes cast returned majority according united_kingdom census population population female slightly national average male population black minority ethnic group opposed national population average life years men years women compare borough averages years respectively proportion lone parent households varies hugely area high figure central north figure second highest figure compare borough average similar pattern emerges regards households dependent children central high proportions low north figure compare figures nationally index multiple divides england areas measures quality life indicate splits areas listed north old fold road park deprived areas england massive population increase decade earlier ethnic minority population increased white british like nearby rapidly growing area people countries settling area population non white british compared transport suburb principally built road commonly referred bypass kind road splits residential areas half journey time car bus town centre western fringe approximately seven minutes minutes centre newcastle journey time eastern parts approximately minutes longer building bypass principal road settlement road road route civic commercial buildings stand testament road past importance diminished stature today road remains integral local distributor wear metro stations travelling metro station located road street minutes walk town centre station described official document intimidating creates negative impression principal public transport hub residents prefer walk metro risk encountering anti social behaviour station metro station located west suburb drive stadium metro station station west approximately minutes walk international stadium metro station metro station located east area lies major bus routes split crow road lane road bypass provision lane particularly good suburb served bus services orbit travels interchange terminates loop travels team valley pulse travels western villages buses serve low fell operated north east administration culture saint france absorbed arrangement transferred listed buildings number listed buildings located town centre arguably significant crow hall grade listed building early 18th century sandstone room deep building lane adjacent crow hall cottage gate piers grade listed buildings victoria terrace stands post office story course sandstone building welsh slate roof close imperial club built dance hall converted hall victoria square grade listed buildings grade listed building house built holly hill field constructed sandstone windows gates gate piers walls grade listed immediately door stands house shop street grade listed building travelling north old town hall building road grade listed building built designed henry miller surveyor sandstone building baroque style piers lamp holders guarding town hall grade listed junction railway building urban studies centre restored grade listed building extreme north town riverside park engine house main built grade listed building churches churches listed buildings christ church street grade listed building built austin johnson built early english style stained glass windows added north aisle completed son church continuous use opening today anglican church continues offer religious worship contributes local community variety outreach programmes grade listed church church patrick high street roman_catholic_church built charles walker newcastle patrick bold sandstone slate building considerable ornamentation exterior interior considered officially opened patrick day church replacement older patrick chapel shore church grade listed building parks leisure principal parks arguably notable park landscape park old town hall buildings eastern end road holly hill area opened park contains open centre taken vandalism tennis courts bowling green traditional children play area area leading road park numerous plants road spring park locally listed special local historic interest council road park western end road approaching town centre park cemetery stands victorian water fountain religious inscription built fountain fallen victim vandalism recent years important local landmark restored community park large open space park centre residential development old fold road contains traditional play area welfare park smaller park south children play area installed outdoor bowling green principal leisure facility international stadium original stadium opened land reclaimed chemical cost jim contained running cycling track stadium fitted synthetic running track subject major expansion 1980s football rugby hockey pitches added indoor sports hall weights room said original driver urban regeneration venue hosted world class athletics events including european cup british grand prix diamond league meet sporting clubs currently based stadium athletic club count present triple jump world record holder edwards past alumni currently play conference national leisure facilities include way mile designated cycle walking route stretches station bill passes shore named transport coal area route extended blue plaque laid memory creator councillor roy shore green lane marina adjacent water sports club privately owned increasingly popular club predominantly attended middle aged patrons undertake activities sailing river cricket club based high lane compete locally wide selection public houses including street blue bell victoria square portland arms split crown road pear tree inn road locally listed places special local interest education served number primary schools community primary school west satisfactory school behaved pupils satisfactory progress park community primary school park road average sized school number pupils entitled free school meals national average good school pupils perform consistently key stage good school drive community primary school smaller average school good results despite located area considerable social disadvantage north street lies primary school good smaller average sized school community primary school old fold road area high social economic high proportion children entitled free school meals learning difficulties children achieve examinations instead enjoy high level personal development according latest report good school roman catholic school provision provided old fold road primary school small school includes specific provision traveller families satisfactory according latest report alternative catholic school provision available john baptist primary school served willow drive closed lack pupils summer years operation school jewish girls school secondary school provision provided thomas hepburn community academy road school students enrolled number students entitled free school meals twice national average latest inspection declared satisfactory improving school students obtain grade examinations children economically deprived backgrounds achieve better similar children nationally overall levels academic achievement low adults grade compares borough average lowest figure borough figure falls english mathematics included second lowest figure lowered neighbouring school pupils special educational need highest figure borough higher average notable residents long history producing professional arguably notable chris born december lifelong supporter professional played newcastle united won caps england despite winning league titles france playing european cup final probably remembered missing england fifth penalty semi final world cup include albert watson born appearances watson remembered scoring goal saved club season peter wilson born emigrated australia failing break team wilson defender appearances australia including world cup finals fascinating character spoken publicly decades lives sydney kevin played sheffield united course local cult hero james represented author david born newcastle spent childhood work reflected loss baby sister child growing critical success winning medal book year staple secondary schools adapted film opera released works critical acclaim including kit wilderness fire clay resident sir born mother returned native soon birth settled low attended school graduated kings college newcastle professor ultimately moving university edinburgh professor education expert devised numerous groundbreaking tests children widely 1920s published books including instinct intelligence character modern philosophy education death described great loss psychology academic texts journals


bulgarian pronounced small town northwestern bulgaria montana province lies shores river western balkan mountains close bulgarian serbian border town inhabitants administrative centre municipality covers nearby villages thought founded late middle ages mining centre attracting german ore miners introduced roman catholicism area town grew importance cultural economic religious centre bulgarian catholics entire bulgarian northwest centuries ottoman rule anti ottoman uprising suppression uprising town population fled ruled lands unable flee killed enslaved ottomans deserted years town eastern orthodox beginning following new settlement major centre bulgarian carpet industry traditional industries stock breeding agriculture fur trade today municipality experiences declining population average unemployment large scale investment extraction local deposits development alternative tourism help sustain economy according original current form gradually emerged sound shift slavic origin linked archaic greek garden word borrowed serbian researchers derive personal implying beauty popular hypothesis rejected links latin copper numerous copper deposits mines region ancient roman times mentioned western source latin document similar forms 16th 17th centuries attested croatian pronunciation opposed standard bulgarian explained influence called language form croatian language town 17th century town conventionally divided ali named according profession social status residents recorded existence merchants trap existence saxon neighbourhood attested 17th century actively pair lower upper referring town closer river mountain respectively point rugged island south islands antarctica named geography situated small valley foot mountain high northern branch western balkan mountains mountain forms border bulgaria neighbouring serbia kilometres long features peaks metres including tri river right tributary danube originates mountain flows northeast plain join danube province northeast town mountain branch fore balkan mountains region rich metal mineral deposits demographics july population people men women june town population declined history antiquity middle ages known area inhabited time later roman empire local metal deposits exploited according historian valley inhabited early 1st millennium according ancient accounts area populated tribe related group romans conquered today bulgarian northwest consolidated authority region emperor remains roman fortifications latin fortress ruins area coins dating reigns marcus unearthed big ruins south town gold silver lead copper iron mines brought sizable revenue romans took good care protect attacks arrival seven slavic tribes 6th 7th century establishment bulgarian empire lands eastern roman empire byzantine_empire entire region soon incorporated bulgarian realm period renewed byzantine rule second bulgarian empire conquest ottomans late 14th early 15th century presence german ore miners known locally accurately dated researchers estimate arrival century time bulgarian emperors claim reached town early ottoman rule bulgaria exact number place origin vague german miners widely recruited specialists medieval serbia thought arrived single group people families probably recruited special contracts likely received privileges compared native bulgarian population mines served technicians contributing technological progress mining region gradually local century indicated german names slavic population registers germans left known saxon neighbourhood 17th century roman catholicism dominant religion town second half 14th century certain number merchants arrived surroundings accompanied catholic province silver bosnia according research croatian historian catholic arrived medieval bosnia western bulgaria time vicar originated italy settlers according included members family ancestral house family early ottoman rule ottomans balkans 14th 15th centuries valued mines military civil needs sought renew ore extraction interrupted warfare renewed exploitation local deposits thought commenced late 15th century note mentions mines bosnia places rented town surrounding villages organized private possession sultan royal family later sultan mother special status area meant local christians subject usual laws pay annual tribute silver sultan later estate organized land devoted muslim religious charitable purposes region inhabited exclusively christians privilege perform rituals public discrimination turkish person town sultan representative turks allowed settle local enjoyed self government certain degree administered elected council eminent bulgarian residents fragment area pre ottoman bulgarian administrative division preserved referred slavic documents minor centre mining activity compared places empire period brought revenue compared catholic miners known arrived time catholic_church saint mary built years attracted colonists turned ottoman_empire leading mining centres mint manufacturing silver coins miners forced work night day pay increased taxes leading protests danger migrate time providing revenue making empire prime mining regions century began attract attention catholic officials rome archbishop today bar montenegro arrived town visitor peter group established catholic mission town appointed bishop seat pope viii chose reside catholic population limited handful merchant families cultural development reached 17th century cultural religious merchant centre balkans named flower bulgaria period deemed town prosperity balkans participation renaissance members local educated rome particularly university gradually foreign replaced locals bulgarian catholics formed separate autonomous entity directly subordinate pope bulgarian custody succeeded bulgarian bishop turn followed local travelled warsaw vienna rome looking funds support community bulgarian custody gave way diocese presided diocese headed represented town surrounding areas entirely catholic significant population orthodox orthodox monastery exists today evolution mining town trade hub owes settlement merchants republic today croatia quality local lack permanent ottoman presence privileges enjoyed population century mining decline silver deposits exhausted remained iron forcing population seek profitable occupation merchants altered traditional route order visit local residents produced traded leather clothes remarkable gold silver jewellery metal tools cattle etc initially merchants visit later appeared markets istanbul belgrade pest particularly strong presence established permanent agencies sizable companies rule international trade outlook locals introduced ideas age european culture time region catholic monastery built time peter developed educational centre school referred prestigious schools bulgarian lands period school partially foreign funded provided education grammar logic philosophy students teachers bulgarian graduates rome languages education latin bulgarian croatian form written usually latin alphabet school library bulgaria eminent writers notably formed called literary school issuing books history bulgaria religious topics uprising prosperous region unharmed constant ottoman wars target turkish hungarian rebel raids idea organized anti ottoman revolt reached town account senate republic venice described long preparations armed struggle support seeking visits fellow kings poland austria inhabitants waited suitable moment able effective uprising continued operate leaders european realms september ottomans routed forces europe battle vienna early austria poland venice concluded anti ottoman pact joined russia form holy league clear time decisive moment near leaders assessed imminent capture belgrade league european allies reach end ottoman rule bulgaria revolted spring reach uprising exactly determined scholars believe included thousands entire bulgarian northwest leaders catholics bulk insurgents orthodox known rebellion led separate detachments insurgents aided regiments regular army artillery general managed briefly capture town modern montana ultimately crushed ottomans hungarian ally october ottomans stormed retook rebels capturing people natives area guarded remaining units managed flee danube settled ruled realms founding major bulgarian colony known colonies modern hungary town plundered burned deserted links west largely severed modern times decades uprising region remained ottomans attempted settle anti hungarian rebels lands provided year tax proved unsuccessful hungarians moved barracks sent fight ultimately region orthodox beginning sultan rebels permitted return insurgents property residents known returned inhabited houses reached orthodox monastery certain took ecclesiastical interrupted mining apparently continued uprising international trade links severed locals switched cattle breeding agriculture fur trade later carpet weaving main occupation western traveller visited town reported mainly young girls shelters corridors engage carpet weaving earn month payment lower annual production surpassed square metres following russo turkish war northern bulgaria region newly liberated bulgaria predecessor modern bulgaria women region engaged carpet weaving locals founded manual labour carpet weaving cooperative society kind country 1950s ore output renewed region briefly influx young highly educated people september officially proclaimed town national assembly bulgaria socialist times town factory produced magazines employed people democratic changes mining discontinued lack funds factory closed carpet industry decline lost firm foreign markets result town municipality experiencing demographic crisis governance education economy municipal government consists mayor deputy mayor secretary municipality governed bulgarian people union won municipal elections votes bulgarian socialist party amassed votes villages municipality eligible elect mayor municipal administration divided branches common specialized administration common administration divided information services financial economical activities handling property departments specialized administration includes planning distribution budget territorial village planning building departments municipality separate court prosecutor office instead serviced montana provincial court office local police station subordinate montana municipal land commission ministry agriculture forestry municipal social service municipal land commission takes care land forest distribution municipal social service oversees financial aid supports disabled town primary school grades high school grades claim successors school founded schools service entire municipality schools larger villages closed high school visited students number slightly declined visited children remaining municipality carpet industry remains dominant town crafted according traditional designs recent years customers decide pattern carpet ordered production single carpet takes days primarily women engage carpet weaving work entirely manual materials natural primary material wool coloured plant mineral local prized exhibitions london paris brussels municipality invested development tourism private houses turned small family hotels people engaged tourism industry year municipality visited tourists foreigners terms economic municipality ranks high average municipalities bulgaria capita human development index september reported deposits europe located near developed bulgarian company leased years company invested million aims extract tonnes raw material produce tonnes pure year company employs miners workers closed local mines number reach culture religion local traditionally belong group speak transitional bulgarian dialect dialect population adherents bulgarian orthodox church municipality registered cultural monuments consecrated stone crosses crosses typical bulgarian northwest dedicated saint serve religious purposes crosses dated notable exceptions saint saints peter paul holy mother god notable cultural trait shared region family patron saint named saint akin serbian practice exists time family saint thought chosen taking random unaware person associated family house daughter law comes live accepts family saint home family member foreign moves builds new house adopt new museum history occupies old style buildings features exhibitions present domestic life antiquity middle ages 17th century today works carpet industry town eastern orthodox church dedicated ascension jesus remains old roman_catholic_church saint preserved monastery situated outside town ruins orthodox churches monastery town community cultural centre branches villages municipality youth dancing group folk music group theatrical group folk ritual customs reproduction group similar groups libraries branches house volumes books