ibn ibn ibn ibn ibn ward ibn ibn ibn arabic arab leader large scale social rebellion rebellion began represented grievances local arab settlers native iranian converts recognized equal arab muslims regime based revolt religious grounds won large arab settlers native population failed twice capture provincial capital rebellion finally suppressed ibn supporters managed escape capture allied accompanied invasion deep arab territory decisively beaten battle power collapsing remained supported native princes successor ibn campaigned native supporters eventually hoping use bolster position arab rivalries secured pardon returned soon raised armed force challenged authority killed clash ally revolt weakened arab power central asia facilitated beginning revolution overthrow biography early life start rebellion tribe belonging north arab tribal hailed father lived mentioned distinguished bravery self sacrifice saving arab army near mentioned led protest lower supplies province plagued drought famine feed capital governor ibn died early discontent erupted open rebellion head motives nature rebellion debated public demands religious terms demanding end injustice application book government said member obscure group known led life words apparently feeling mission aimed establish government resembling prophet movement shared ideological symbolic elements contemporary directed regime including use black flags banner prophet demand rule member prophet family movement marked unusual recorded adherents tried persuade opponents join moral religious battles advocated reforms prominent legal equality native non arab converts arab muslims echoing long standing demand islam attempted twice governors ibn ibn times resulting rise conversions drop revenue numerous pay poll tax end leading rebellion ibn groups individuals associated uprising participate movement seen champion rights non arabs especially banner large following arabs especially fellow widespread arabs heavy casualties suffered battle anti propaganda groups exacerbated resentment felt introduction iraqi troops province aftermath parallel order ibn disperse older arab settlers settlements improve defence news death reached small town arab outposts local arab garrison followed rebellion successor ibn arrived tried rebels sent simply imprisoned revolt spread surrounding countryside force men marched chief city held ibn troops support movement level men offered little opposition captured men ease troops withdrew scene gave support soon arab garrison joined forces autonomous native princes seized opportunity join revolt forces hoping establish independence reduce arab power dependent turned sights set capital managed cement loyalty threatening abandon city western fringes rely loyalty regime known ask reinforcements syria coupled presence numerous natives army lent appearance foreign army local arab chose rally neared army men banner according report force considerably smaller eager pay extra money order induce fight marched took positions canal destroying bridges army approached repaired bridges arabs ranks deserted evidently intentions native troops army subsequent battle gained major victory troops drowned canal result failure native princes abandoned army reduced loyal core men forced accept peace offer likewise count continued support arabs danger natives passed retired year renewed revolt marched persuade fight left personal guard forces larger reduced garrison ensuing battle village near emerged victorious forcing flee despite victories position essentially reduced western regions addition explained letter syrian faced difficulty iraqi troops fight requested placed governor iraq ibn syrian troops dispatched province response brother ibn served governor sent replace news combined probably pressure led conclude truce according accounts agreed join demanding application book revolt refuse rejects story altogether regards reliable considers mere tactical ploy gain time end rebellion intervention exile arrived syrian troops immediately took offensive campaign costly successes arabs began flock success aided long standing personal relations local arab tribal leaders continuing tribal rivalries opposed count support fellow traditional enemies tribe son defected divided forces sending syrian troops ibn main army located remaining marched fortresses rebel forces surrendered pardoned garrison followed soon abandoned retreated finding refuge princes aid laid siege major crossing point face forces troops cross retreated garrison managed defeat weakened quarrel king retired eastwards mountains followed success garrison surrender promises amnesty double pay unsuccessful expedition recover lost aftermath year forces cleared mountains upper remnants supporters fortress followers relatives found refuge besieged surrendered men executed rest sold slavery hand continued escape capture led troops north campaign ruler allied arab troops dispersed countryside responding pleas help king launched attack precipitated flight army followed attacked captured arab baggage train october sides settled winter quarters emerged hiding joined advantage dispersal arab army winter quarters resume advance following advice early december led army strong comprising contingents virtually native ruler upper south bypassing hoping raise princes lower revolt failed king joined approaching forces muster advance caught guard came near accompanied men rest having scattered forage ensuing battle routed fought distinction barely escaped fled north victory saved arab rule central asia detachments south largely destroyed ending threat loyalty native rulers cemented prestige took hit encouraged domestic rivals backed secretly chinese early assassinated realm collapsed civil war died soon succeeded ibn july known activities years evidently remained northern based close contact having consolidated authority carried tax reforms eased social unrest ibn advanced middle valley making campaign efforts establish arab control according main objective expulsion unite native princes arabs event prevented crossing army composed troops followers forced withdraw negotiated settlement terms stipulated removal adherents remote town return second rebellion death campaigns reforms consolidated muslim rule success fragile native princes resented loss autonomy increasing people arab sent chinese court aid rivalry tribal groups evident muslim world divided arabs accession pro iii supported governor come rebelled consequently felt necessary bring adherents strengthen position followers long history remove potential source foreign invasion secured pardon supporters confiscated property returned promised rule according book arrived early july situation changed dead blown civil war erupted syria ibn occupying position governor lacked authority recognized followers accept quick distance refused offer district governorship distributed gifts received supporters vocally denounced soon joined fellow secretary ibn support short time threat attempts negotiate agreement proved fruitless attacked forces march scored victory ibn fell point joined forces forced abandon withdraw allies entered capital days fell began fighting clashes killed leaving master city conflict continued soon overtaken events exploiting conditions civil war muslim launched anti revolt ibn tried conclude alliance failed murdered sons revenge muslim managed exploit situation advantage early men entered step war lead fall dynasty replacement years later


spelled july known allies leader guerrilla fighter operated southern modern day indonesia son lord captured neighbouring kingdom leader later ruling father death exploiting coffee trade able obtain large amounts wealth land power coffee war capital razed lord day dutch based java invaded early 1900s soldiers utilised fortresses withstand launch attacks captured october january escaped remained large june executed days later longest lasting resistance leader governor general van considered damaging stability dutch control region dispatched governor oversee capture death symbol resistance long commemorated officially declared national hero indonesia early life rise power born near highlands north regency south time southern home coffee trade controlled numerous children born born lord wife athletic youth friendly coffee traders visited village war broke neighbouring state led took active role successful campaign neighbouring state defeated took place ruler newly annexed kingdom rich rice fields easily giving great power traditionally valued manpower kill people necessary oral history describes killing men women children abandon long father died leader leader worked strengthen economy increase coffee trade strategic alliances predominantly groups economic success brought led nearby rulers respect coffee civil wars fearing competition kingdoms bone north south worked reinforcing country defences kingdoms eventually reached trade agreements led renewed tensions states coffee war sided influenced southern kingdoms bone military leader soldiers invaded sided minor lord overtook capital razed city leading civilian population abandon area having sided leader guru able retake remains capital night war ended dutch scouts representing colonial government java reached bone remaining states soon began series struggles arms slave trade states exchange weapons slaves participated trade eventually formed alliance nearby leaders reduced tensions improved trade learned group writing system language allowing easily correspond leaders time captured numerous lands avoid repetition began construction seven fortresses lands surveillance outposts fortresses designed prevent entry valleys leading population centres divided eastern western parts land instituted tax system fund defensive measures owners rice fields tax thirds produce farmers cent dutch advances previously fragmented lands united major areas july year king nearby state began collecting soldiers fight invaders prevent remainder lands conquest bombing leader southern state approached assistance month dispersed leaders gathered plan action result local lords stop focus dutch superior strength internal conflicts completely time meeting dutch begun making advances tasked dutch town began build army work defences january sent scouts dutch invading observe way battle scouts reported dutch forces overwhelming strength seemingly magical powers soldiers ordered fortresses increase readiness begin rice month fell dutch forces moved inland february men sent reinforce southern kingdoms reported longer coherent leadership kingdoms losing europeans convinced train troops form member military council leader march kingdoms fallen leaving lord dutch took struggle unaware city surrender arranged letter dutch commander captain told surrender demand unwilling entertain aware gathered forces numerous fortresses attempt direct attack instead april sent expeditionary party party approach resisted nightfall troops attacked dutch camp forced dutch forces retreat men pursuit suffering numerous casualties way military actions based experience gained fighting lords dutch mixed native forces hand forces unable cope cold weather high altitudes initial struggle failed expeditionary force led open warfare went hiding fortress dutch troops kept spies dutch forces june reported preceding night dutch battalion consisting roughly men departed village headed south fortress ordered road extending travel time day night june forces attacked dutch forces outside attack dutch unprepared killed attack following morning dutch began siege hand grenades unable deal grenades dutch lords afternoon fortress captured loss led reinforce men troops armed rifles spears swords pepper extract sprayed enemy eyes device called blind armed portuguese rifle spear wore protective armour guard shape buffalo horns carried decorated shield soldiers dug pits filled bamboo stakes dutch supply routes pits fall stop advancing dutch october fortresses fell unsuccessful dutch attacks june campaign lasted longer campaigns occupation thought undermine dutch authority governor general van dispatched governor personally lead attack long siege guru lieutenant working dutch approached october offered cease fire initially unwilling reportedly convinced civilians reminded mother died siege needed buried days peaceful night october dutch forces took fortress appropriated weapons captured soldiers forced second struggle death began preparations mother funeral preparations culture took months taking care preparations advisor collect weapons secretly went fortresses preparations escape dutch custody returned property taken lord knew longer use dutch forces harassed leader night mother funeral january followers escaped heading south told dutch followed ordered followers return group including wives continued south arrived fortress fell days later time evacuated fortress fell end march began work way forest leaders alike chased dutch troops leaders dutch sentenced years prison exile stayed hidden forests june men caught dutch forces guerrilla leader caught days prison july shot killed dutch soldiers near dan river reports bathing time buried rest family cousin native rule serving dutch legacy death colonial powers hoped forgotten hope realised rebelled local rebellions arose different areas dutch withdrawal following japanese occupation occupation japanese forces symbol struggle colonial aggression working unite people europeans poorly received conquered areas remembered man killed steal wives regency government declared national hero monument built bank dan declared national hero indonesia presidential decree november anniversary death commemorative ceremonies held provincial capital aside streets airport named


greek byzantine nobleman notable general relative ruling dynasty appointed commander chief asia minor time established byzantine position scoring byzantine successes turkish rose revolt betrayed blinded known pardoned sent turks relieving siege philadelphia allegedly mere appearance named briefly governor recovered island capital latin occupation ruled island probably death biography early life family born circa second son michael mother maria belonged noble family rose prominence half 13th century daughter named father closely related imperial family grandmother martha sister emperor michael viii married daughter constantine granddaughter historian george child michael general command asia uprising uncle emperor took active interest defence possessions byzantine_empire early hoping establish settled refugees venetian held crete military colonies border appointed theme awarding high_court title commanded byzantine possessions asia coast main area responsibility interior old theme comprised southeastern parts byzantine certain northern provinces years achieved victories defeated turks forced recognize byzantine rule moved south based valley river managing stop turkish raids advance fortress town rid payment tribute turks turks fleeing pressure joined army prisoners campaigns monk scholar friend wrote sheep expensive buy muslim prisoner successes popular locals reportedly began suggesting emperor refused asked transfer away vain ordered emperor transfer region control summer turkish general named opportunity launch attack beaten heavy losses troops recovered point autumn rose exact circumstances reasons remain obscure revolt discontent asian provinces high taxation perceived neglect defence asia rebellion certainly support people george recounts monasteries emperor longer commemorated seized emperor brother failed gain support provincial governors notably father law remained loyal negotiations began offering title false sense security prepared rid christmas persuaded soldiers seize blinded punishment usually rebels rehabilitation rescue philadelphia replaced commander john cousin disappeared scene years successors proved greatly inferior byzantine possessions asia greatly reduced point patriarch urged recall aged general desperate agreed pardoned tasked relieving isolated philadelphia long siege ready fall given army according byzantine mere news approach respect turks held siege lifted appointed governor city position retained governor remained philadelphia possibly appears appointed governor strategically important byzantine island dismissed post iii seized latin army lord iii raised fleet ships recover island arrived june fleet disembarked army led swiftly secured entire island capital countered strong garrison latin mercenaries inducing group group come siege lasted november returning empire year able turkish attack island turks praised contemporaries like era left iii governor island lived death occurred probably


lord hugh vice admiral lord hugh april september senior british_royal_navy officer late 18th century fifth son francis conway 1st known prominent society figure highly competent naval officer served american revolutionary french revolutionary wars later career performed period shore duty admiralty board maintained reputation courageous innovative officer awarded commemorative medal actions battle glorious june credited introducing royal_navy uniforms method indicating rank non english speaking allies youth formed close personal friendships fellow officer john george prince wales association gained reputation marriage insistence family dissolution brought royal connections proved successful lifetime held seats member parliament parliament great_britain pursue active political career early career hugh born wealthiest families england fifth son francis conway 1st wife isabella hugh retained surname conway father death point shortened initially educated academy met lifelong friend john joining navy age insistence captain servant yacht william mary years later moved hms pearl relation captain john stationed newfoundland short commissions including service west_indies george attached hms alarm mediterranean apart brief spell hms remained years lieutenant american revolutionary war underway continued alarm commander taking command hms promoted making post captain hms serving command hms diana hms hms channel_fleet major operation participated period conclusion great siege gibraltar attached lord howe fleet relieved fortress service repeatedly engaged scouting franco spanish fleet task difficult bad weather erratic movements enemy operation captain roger curtis stationed aboard facilitate communicate howe governor gibraltar effort relieve resupply fortress complete success sent britain dispatches remained gibraltar following peace paris took house london brother lord george john men notorious joining prince wales drinking exploits london remained close friends prince george rest life known good looks good manners height martial bearing rapidly gained reputation dissolution married lady anne daughter earl maria later gloucester insistence family successful attempt social activities time foray politics newport isle post years later switched remained position changed seat portsmouth remained death serve active politician positions preferring navy career political french revolutionary wars spanish armament called service command ship line hms canada opening commission cruise isle passing shallow water ordered use lead line measure depth ahead accidentally struck head lead weight taken little immediate damage caused firing salute days later suddenly suffered severely adverse reaction taken ashore emergency medical treatment head injury rendered unable endure loud noises bright lights years lived invalid country estate sufficiently recovered return service escorted lord hood mediterranean hms hood led occupation defence ultimate withdrawal toulon republican siege city following collapse city defences sent england dispatches returned shortly afterward convoy britain transferred channel_fleet attached service lord howe served atlantic campaign alongside john captain hms russell campaign culminated glorious june french fleet defeated howe innovative tactics ultimately successful protecting large grain convoy united_states command important victory ship fighting initial engagement seeing extensive action battle howe commanders successfully close french line unable break engaged closely america reduced battered wreck duel lasted hours badly damaged having taken fire fighting howe order left america later captured joined reformed fleet held french counter attack stages battle aftermath action captains marked praise presented medal commemorating service engagement suffered killed wounded engagement moved recently captured hms soon rear admiral engaging french battle action managed bring ship head british line pursuing french fleet engaged formidable ships captured heavy fighting suffered killed wounded exchange employed search french fleet attempted failed invade ireland badly damaged collision hms prince campaign decommissioned extensive repairs april returned sea small squadron ships searching eastern atlantic spanish treasure convoy convoy eventually seized force sent lord vincent covered miles fruitless search admiralty service death joined admiralty lord admiralty participating work admiralty board performed periods land brief sea commissions vice admiral joined squadron blockading brest year involved minor operation roads sent west_indies commander chief jamaica station august led naval squadron capture flagship prince wales fell ill contracting yellow fever sent sea doctors attempt regain health died aboard hms september body returned britain aboard hms joined wife died bristol days husband death extensive estates dispersed seven children survived sir george col hugh henry john col sir william john richard frederick charles william february december married lady mary gordon june daughter george gordon 9th april lady march daughter frederick 1st bristol september maria august married john philip mary october married george death widely contemporaries lord vincent describing excellent officer service energetic characterised innovation invention developed new system fitting credited making standard royal_navy officers following difficulties convincing french siege toulon british officer uniform royal_navy named ships hms destroyer leader launched sold saw service world war second hms frigate commission served world war island small island islands known south named lord hugh


kenneth strong major general sir kenneth william strong september january senior officer british_army served second world war rising director general intelligence graduate royal military academy strong commissioned 1st battalion royal scots service intelligence officer battalion ireland irish war independence volunteered service interpreter posted germany british_army rhine returned germany member international force supervising joined german intelligence section war office assistant military berlin strong head german section august shortly outbreak second world war commanded 4th 5th battalion royal scots brigadier general staff intelligence home forces march strong appointed assistant chief staff intelligence general dwight allied force headquarters attended italian peace negotiations joined supreme headquarters allied expeditionary force played leading negotiations surrender germany august strong deputy director political warfare executive succeeding sir bruce head month later retired army rank major general civil servant initially appointed director general political intelligence department foreign office director joint intelligence bureau ministry defence director general intelligence ministry defence retired civil service early life kenneth william strong born angus scotland september son children john strong rector academy wife née educated academy college royal military academy wars strong commissioned 1st battalion royal scots served intelligence officer battalion ireland irish war independence volunteered service british_army rhine trained interpreter posted germany occupation ended served defence security officer malta gibraltar returned germany member international force supervising joined german intelligence section war office assistant military berlin mason strong got know senior german military officers personally including like mason convinced war germany imminent inevitable second world war allied forces headquarters strong appointed head german section august french intelligence fall france june section concerned prospect german invasion britain april assumed command 4th 5th battalion royal scots 52nd lowland division march brigadier general staff intelligence general home forces services strong appointed officer order british_empire march strong appointed assistant chief staff intelligence general dwight allied force headquarters replacing brigadier reliance ultra sources led enemy intentions leading disastrous battle pass strong got chief staff major general smith particular americans general stephen wrote strong explosive laugh appreciation easy acceptance west rough language casual manner rare british officers memoirs new world atlantic_ocean british remarked best time man life gets like americans august smith strong flew lisbon gibraltar civilian clothes met british embassy hoped arrange terms italy join united_nations smith empowered draw armistice italy allied armed forces unable negotiate political matters smith strong subsequently negotiated allies sicily terms italian surrender september smith signed agreed text behalf respectively sicily work strong promoted major general january awarded legion merit united_states march supreme headquarters allied expeditionary force appointed supreme allied commander december naturally wished key members staff including strong new assignment new year eve smith met chief imperial general staff discuss transfer key british staff supreme headquarters allied expeditionary force concessions refused transfer strong believed spared mediterranean heated exchange resulted smith demanding explain operation overlord success british_army withheld best talent later complained smith behaviour accordingly hand brigadier john smith eventually way going head prime minister winston_churchill strong assumed post brigadier general thomas deputy turned relationship field marshal sir bernard montgomery 21st army group far deputy supreme commander air chief marshal sir arthur deputy chief staff lieutenant general frederick morgan frequently critical montgomery september intelligence crisis similar arose park locate 9th division 10th division area information dutch resistance consequent photo reconnaissance ordered major brian intelligence officer airborne corps confirmed german presence strong smith flew brussels warn montgomery montgomery decided accept risk alter plans operation market garden heavy opposition divisions area proved critical factor preventing british 1st airborne division holding rhine bridge imposed delays capture bridges airborne division advance armoured units british corps outcome meant attention turn battle open approaches antwerp building resources invasion germany december strong identified large german reserve germans devised elaborate deception plan troops assembled inside germany relied secure phone lines radio ultra signal intelligence dried ultra detected german fuel response critical shortage building reserve withdrawal armoured units line duly noted november agents aircraft prisoner located divisions fifth army east sixth army east river strong informed smith german armoured reserves sent eastern counterattack allied penetration counterattack period bad weather early december detected tank movements area strong worried possible counterattack allied lines smith sent strong warn lieutenant general bradley commander 12th army group danger bradley response let come magnitude german offensive came shock strong criticised failing predict smith defended strong criticism failing sound alarm feeling strong given ample warning discounted disregarded december strong concerned germans going split bradley armies received opinion matter went smith recommending armies north transferred bradley montgomery command smith realised military political implications knew recommendation come american officer december smith spoke deferred judgement morning staff meeting bradley montgomery ordered decision greatly resented americans particularly 12th army group april nazi governor netherlands arthur offered open amsterdam food coal shipments ease suffering civilian population smith strong representing major general representing ussr prince representing dutch government major general sir francis 21st army group met dutch village april successfully negotiated provision food dutch civilian population cities west country opened discussions peaceful complete german capitulation netherlands follow set negotiations surrender german armed forces conducted smith strong met representatives der alfred von strong acted translator strong present smith signed surrender document french representative major general services strong mentioned despatches appointed companion order bath awarded united_states distinguished service medal foreign awards including french order red banner ussr post war august strong deputy director political warfare executive succeeding sir bruce head month later elevation montgomery chief imperial general staff career prospects officers served like morgan gale strong dim strong retired army rank major general civil servant initially appointed director general political intelligence department foreign office director joint intelligence bureau ministry defence director general intelligence ministry defence january knight commander order british_empire retired strong director eagle star insurance companies wrote books memoir intelligence men intelligence unfortunately written ultra secret revealed married widow marriage produced children strong died home east sussex january papers hart centre military archives publications strong kenneth intelligence intelligence officer garden city new_york strong kenneth men intelligence study roles decisions chiefs intelligence world war present day book services isbn


october september known bill united_states_air_force major general writer organized led strategic air command sac served aide air power advocate general billy mitchell viewed general air_force henry arnold personal earlier career served france stages world war awarded trophy distinguished flying cross leading squadron airmen pioneering air voyage new_york_city alaska wrote squadron difficulties article national geographic assisted mitchell famous bombing demonstration battleships participating air races flight extreme altitude experienced frozen flight controls wrote story adventure popular science world war commanded training units hawaii florida colorado solving logistical training personnel problems washington led theater group operations division office chief staff expressed grave role general douglas pacific war years later sent south west pacific area work commanding thirteenth air_force offensive drive victory certain returned united_states organize arnold continental air forces expand operation country retained command turned sac continued experience friction retiring united_states_air_force named commission presidential formation tasked unnecessary military spending early career born washington child wife ann named grandfather maryland family originating century martha married john maryland joined united_states_army high school sergeant signal corps enlisted reserve start world war europe america entry war december signed aviation cadet trained curtis school newport news virginia wright field ohio america entered world war april september commissioned second lieutenant signal officers reserve corps december posted france air training instructor majority united_states_army troops pilots arrive later assigned 5th pursuit group operating lay saint france later allied victory november served germany american occupation forces returned united_states august july commissioned lieutenant regular army officers reserve corps air service pioneering flights flying expedition early week mile survey flight assess field conditions states suggestion general billy mitchell wished strengthen american air presence alaska territory commanded flying expedition flight air service july october field long_island alaska dubbed black wolf squadron logo painted fuselage sides men flew miles hours flying time dividing route legs northern united_states western provinces canada north alaska city flight reached august flying time hours advance party scouted weather conditions cut landing strips virgin forest legs north alberta stocked fuel provisions aircraft afterward speculated day trip overnight knows pioneering effort demonstrating alaska linked air united_states awarded distinguished flying cross trophy later given flight year military general billy mitchell following successful publicity flight appointed assistant general billy mitchell deputy chief air service mitchell formed 1st provisional air brigade purpose demonstrating bomber sink battleship closely connected mitchell sent air corps headquarters inform superior charles battleships sunk planned bombers flying feet informed mitchell intended break rules fly lower ensure sinking navy know change june july bombing demonstrations flew seat navigator mitchell personal heavy bomber bombed heights feet mitchell planned sink target ship close near miss explosions cause severe damage ship hull waterline navy rules bombing limited actual number direct hits allowed target ship navy intended inspect damage ships bombings navy gunfire learn possible effects shell bomb hits battleship armor structure target ship german world war battleship sunk direct hits intentional near misses navy leadership shocked angry target sinking late july battleship sunk mitchell carried bomber mock raid manhattan stunt wrote article entitled 14th heavy bombardment squadron attacks new_york_city army navy aviation magazine air service time wrote article venture entitled air expedition national geographic magazine issue appearing july commanding officer headquarters detachment field air races flying army november finished fourth place pulitzer trophy air race held field long_island october participated pulitzer race flown field near detroit oil line burst forced abandon race fifth final lap january named assistant chief section office chief air corps role helped gather prevailing weather data airfield locations maps reports flying conditions air corps men undertaking aerial march september planned ordered oil fuel kept likely locations voyage preparations praised complete greatest assistance carrying feat september entered air corps tactical school field virginia graduating following june altitude transferred field michigan august appointed commanding officer pursuit group headquarters assigned wright field ohio march test pilot chief flying branch flying october albert william stevens achieved unofficial altitude record aircraft carrying person feet feet short official single person altitude record height measured temperature cold freeze aircraft controls frozen controls unable reduce altitude turn engine minutes later ran fuel piloted fragile experimental gentle landing article feat appeared popular science entitled stranded seven miles july special assignment assistant preparation data performance tests aircraft spent following years service schools entered command general staff school fort kansas august graduation june began course chemical warfare school arsenal maryland completed august transferred army war college graduated june assignment war department general staff served member miscellaneous operations section war plans division student naval war college newport rhode_island june july reported field hawaii duty commanding officer 11th bombardment group group operated medium bombers december 11th redesignated heavy bombardment group prepared receive flying fortress ones arriving april lieutenant colonel albert francis command shifted plans training officer hawaiian department fort attached army air forces division war department deputy chief operations world war march chief theater group operations division office chief staff united_states_army air forces chief staff henry arnold proposed george marshall october army man named supreme commander allied effort pacific suggesting douglas joseph position marshall comment passed request staff analysis albert examined problem army officer thought supreme commander arnold favor supreme commander recognized political challenges projected president appointment committee military men prone rivalry supreme commander pacific suggested admiral chester depending air naval strategy considered important wrote risk considered naive plain country boy dumb thought removed pacific order sound cooperation theater suggested appointed ambassador russia similar position high stature low military influence analysis work enacted marshall bring problem suggested solutions navy president tampa november arnold assigned charge air_force medium bomber training command based tampa florida unit seen training accidents grim airmen coined phrase day tampa bay repeated line ignoring crashes land tampa bay months august final october implemented training policy reduce losses human error initiated research solutions technical problems bomber having time tampa rated worst city personnel city rampant prostitution captain robert charged protecting country airmen disease success getting tampa authorities address problem arrived command saw extent crisis field threatened close certain areas tampa military personnel city police unable curb prostitution action ruined number legitimate local businesses campaign initiated arrest prostitutes bar unmarried couples renting room police arrests limited charges state local laws specific prostitution response complaints military leaders january florida department health mounted statewide media blitz encouraging testing treatment later year state passed law giving police wide latitude arrest prostitutes hire unmarried persons participating sexual intercourse hire heavy bombers september assumed command second air_force field colorado springs colorado training heavy bomber crews fly january assigned southwest pacific area assumed command thirteenth air_force consolidated offensive stance june served george theater commander subordinate end september early october mounted series mile round trip air raids heavy bombers flying new_guinea attack major center japanese petroleum processing storage media reports raids compared raids strong japanese resistance second raid said responsible downing seven loss guided thirteenth initial phases philippines campaign concert fifth air_force united_states far_east air forces postwar career arnold needed solve problem known demand bill january victory war appeared certain arnold faced postwar reorganization army air forces arnold ordered return form continental air forces field served arnold deputy commander arnold held time major commands air staff air staff taking attention effect left charge november proposed reorganization united_states air power separate commands eastern western air defense commands tactical air support command training command proposal placed strategic bombers task force commander army air forces continental air forces strategic air command sac march retained nominal position deputy commander actually commanded new organization october prior obligations united_nations came end finally sac originally intended general andrew october delivered lecture entitled strategic air command air war college air_force base alabama revealed students sac powerful strike groups fully operational months future rush preparation groups long range fighter aircraft groups contrast current public relations statements sac proclaimed quick retaliation answer future form aerial knockout described general commander chief far_east command refused release sac control heavy bombardment group long range reconnaissance group twentieth air_force offered opinion sac stage far_east operational control units january assigned adjutant general office chief military personnel service appointed air inspector newly established office inspector general january months later deputy inspector general named deputy commander air command wright air_force base ohio october december special assistant commanding general air command retired february rank major general having flown numerous aircraft early early jets october named citizens advisory commission manpower armed services popularly known commission chairman brigadier general david long serving chairman defense secretary robert established commission purpose identifying eliminating excess military spending reducing combat effectiveness robert wood johnson chairman johnson johnson resigned commission strain took health noted represented commissioner cooperative open greater progress commission directly contrasting navy rated resistant commission page report delivered united_states senate committee armed services charles wilson president dwight new defense secretary february called percent reduction military spending amounting elimination civilian military personnel cutting military annual budget studying report wilson appointed commission main points defense department efficiently wage war instead wilson selected retired general represent personal life married mary williams personal friend arnold wife bee child son nicknamed bill graduated united_states military academy west_point class took infantry battle old korean war general son married youngest daughter children dan iii born california graduated virginia military institute colonel born fort virginia page born germany emily williams born west_point new_york general son retired army years service infantry engineers serving combat korea south vietnam advisor participated army corps engineer construction projects nasa race man moon end decade cape florida alabama bill married sue daughter sarah born year major general died september air_force base maryland wife age years died october buried arlington national cemetery


greek byzantine military commander reign emperor played distinguished role byzantine conquest bulgaria instrumental decisive byzantine victory battle led unsuccessful rebellion exiled mentioned recalled exile retired monastery origin born probably time likely son served italy members known family origin unclear likely hailed asia minor like prestigious families military aristocracy period wars bulgaria appears time emperor bulgarian wars depending source time commanded campaign deep bulgarian lands setting generals crossed balkan mountains captured old bulgarian capitals great little plundered left garrisons returned base unclear military governor time appointed successful conclusion campaign john reports known previously held post retired advanced age mentioned battle attempting force pass known ruler strongly fortified suggested emperor bypass bulgarian positions strike rear agreed led picked infantry detachment mount july led troops charge panicked broke unexpected attack feat resulted decisive victories long bulgarian war rewarded promotion rank early constantine subdued region rebelled imperial rule end year campaigned region capturing fort finally year bulgarian war starting subdued remaining bulgarian strongholds region conspiracy exile posted theme fell allowed accompany emperor campaign kingdom georgia allied emperor magnate father risen revolt early years reign men planned kill place remained mainly followers lent conspiracy weight conspiracy apparently known supported king george georgia hoped force abandon invasion emperor learned plot turn instead sent letters rebel leaders separately aiming distrust ploy bore fruit soon august assassinated supporters dispersed nascent rebellion collapsed forced surrender emperor envoy new brought constantinople banished princes islands following return capital georgian expedition conspirators imprisoned estates confiscated executed imperial killed hand tried poison emperor thrown according contemporary historian conspirators released constantine viii death remained exile new emperor iii released old weary soon retired monastery known


william william february august officer continental_army american revolutionary war pioneer ohio country published histories describe colonel william involvement variety events war rallying militia village common massachusetts participating siege boston captured loyalists american indians cherry valley massacre narrowly escaping death burning stake general george_washington efforts obtain release captivity washington gift gold box end war col william post war life pioneer helping establish ohio permanent american settlement new united_states northwest territory active pioneer community served grand jury northwest territory event establishing rule law territory age ice thirty miles frozen river warning sons possible indian attack occurred days later big massacre marked beginning northwest indian war william surname spelled correct spelling referred colonel rank lieutenant colonel early life william born gloucester massachusetts died ohio slightly different years birth death reported grew gloucester coast massachusetts worked trade learned father worked business william married sarah day subsequently moved away coast new salem western massachusetts raised large family took farming continued work commercial banker money interest banks area customers new salem towns province massachusetts bay time early middle age william living comfortable life successful widely known age william life changed onset friction thirteen colonies british_empire opening days revolutionary war william active revolutionary beginning american revolutionary war account entered service april day battles lexington concord opening day war account william rallying militia home village new salem western portion colony april receiving news lexington concord memorial plaque dedicated colonel village common new salem story reflected plaque handed generations beginning early history included publication new salem committee inscription plaque reads new salem commission town historian later speculated event occurred earlier time powder alarm powder alarm precursor events lexington concord battle bunker hill war began william served major colonel benjamin regiment organized 25th regiment siege boston regiment based cambridge massachusetts near boston participated battle bunker hill large scale battle war orderly book shows june days battle major officer night guard colonel william primary leader patriot forces battle officer day recommended commission june day battle june regiment soldiers arrived bunker hill took positions immediately prior battle parts regiment engaged portion regiment joined colonel regiment hill company regiment deployed right flank defenders right flank fought cover find men fought bullets finally fighting guns rocks bare hands regiment commissioned details officers accounts battle disposition unknown later signed guns fellow patriot killed action bunker hill sergeant benjamin new salem reportedly center action near general joseph warren warren killed battle new salem committee paid homage village proclaiming days darkness disaster come nations surely come tell benjamin william cherry valley massacre prisoner war served lieutenant colonel colonel 7th massachusetts regiment regiment sent cherry valley new_york protect local population loyalists american indians loyalists organized butler rangers loyalist militia british_army led colonel john butler son captain walter butler loyalists operated american indians including leadership joseph leader known serving colonel cherry valley october william transferred 4th massachusetts regiment remaining colonel time period lieutenant william colonel regiment kept journal accounts actions cherry valley lighter notes concerning colonel journal entry october col horse race col won bet month later cherry valley suffered war november mixed force loyalists british soldiers command walter butler descended cherry valley colonel warned approach dismissed warnings command staff including stationed house yards fort described attack journal immediately came indians nations command col butler attacked headquarters killed col took col prisoner attacked fort hours retreated success taking fort identified fatalities massacre colonel thirteen soldiers thirty civilian inhabitants known cherry valley massacre noted horrific frontier revolution months later journal entry february describes receiving report indian william captivity apparently concerned fellow soldiers knew col good spirits told mind fortune war accounts indicate cherry valley massacre colonel stripped naked tied stake tortured killed ritual enemy warriors spared joseph william joseph educated american indian reported appeal saving life colonel subsequently taken fort loyalist base new_york held prisoner colonel butler summer fort sister joseph hostile wanted colonel butler return custody indians proclaimed dreams indians head indian football game colonel butler protected prisoner subsequently colonel held prisoner fort near montreal ranking prisoner war colonel subject high level correspondence actions general george_washington leaders continental_army april general fought americans revolution hand carried letter general william heath general washington describing reported loyalist british strategy concerning strategy continue holding colonel prisoner war use prisoner exchange colonel butler ranking loyalist officer sir john johnson captured continental_army september general washington attempted arrange prisoner exchange colonel unsuccessful november general_assembly massachusetts passed resolve urging governor john encourage general heath pursue prisoner exchange colonel released captivity end war august general washington reportedly gave gold box personal war william nephew writes memory childhood return col william new salem war ohio country early years age william joined revolutionary war officers pioneer ohio country involved establishing ohio confluence ohio rivers permanent american settlement northwest territory colonel joined venture ohio company associates formed led benjamin general visited years later described pioneers officers brave better men lived george_washington commented know settlers personally men better calculated promote welfare community located county ohio bearing washington settlement ohio country colonel sons small group pioneers attempting establish settlement good potential farmland known big river colonel ice miles frozen river late december warned sons danger possible indian attack concerns realized days later january occurrence big massacre beginning northwest indian war people killed attack including son john son taken captive died later william prominent active member pioneer settlement construction known point protect settlers indians officer militia officer board police additionally served officer township owned hand mills settlement william member society cincinnati original member american union lodge lodge reportedly suggested benjamin franklin seal engraved paul honored position grand jury northwest territory important event court establishment civil criminal law pioneer country william lost wife sarah smallpox march years marriage subsequently married hannah sheffield july year man highly excellent qualities honored services cause freedom william died years age buried mound cemetery site ancient american indian burial mound colonel good company final resting place mound cemetery reportedly contains largest number revolutionary war officers buried location new memorial marker dedicated william mound cemetery


john lieutenant general sir john march august australian_army general served chief general staff second world war commanded british commonwealth occupation force occupation japan australian born governor new_south_wales joined australian_army regular officer duty tasmania great war broke joined 12th infantry battalion unit state wounded landing gallipoli day egypt united_kingdom ultimately australia taking fighting war served series staff posts attended staff college imperial defence college spent time overseas exchange officer british_army military united_states canada world war attached british 7th armoured division middle_east study armoured warfare returning australia december organise new 1st armoured division march assumed command corps september appointed chief general staff general sir thomas principal non operational subordinate responsible training wartime army war served commander british commonwealth occupation force post war occupation japan retired army governor new_south_wales early life john born march victoria eldest son john wife elizabeth jane née educated dean state school college university melbourne school served australian_army cadets commissioned second lieutenant 9th light horse militia unit august promoted lieutenant october captain july november granted commission lieutenant administrative staff regular forces known permanent military forces retaining rank honorary captain promoted rank june world war assigned staff 6th military district military district covering state tasmania serving world war broke august initial task assisting raising australian imperial force units tasmania joined lieutenant august appointed adjutant 12th infantry battalion forming barracks near promoted captain october embarked egypt 12th infantry battalion transport october battalions ashore landing cove day april battle brief day wounded chest turkish bullet lay pile dead bodies evening found alive evacuated alexandria later england joined fiancée mary travelled england married parish church september returned australia december took fighting rigid rule regular officer australia overseas appointment terminated september posted 5th military district military district covering state western_australia wars granted honorary rank major january rank january substantive october attended staff college returning australia served staff officer later director stores transport army headquarters victoria barracks melbourne appointed member fourth class royal victorian order july coordinating transport month royal tour duke york later george queen elizabeth queen mother year open old parliament house canberra served staff 4th division september january 3rd division february november returned england exchange officer british_army served staff 44th home counties infantry division attended imperial defence college australian_army officers attend prestigious course john henry sydney william frederick later secretary department defence attended course given rank lieutenant colonel july substantive january attended senior officers school committee imperial defence served australian defence united_states canada september june promoted rank colonel july substantive rank october served staff 4th division september director military operations intelligence second world war promoted local rank major general october appointed deputy chief general staff accompanied richard conference london later year military adviser service deputy chief general staff companion order bath january january acting chief general staff following death lieutenant general august successor general sir white died air crash lieutenant general succeeded post commander 8th division available excluded consideration knowledge vital new commander 9th division major general henry fell ill january lieutenant general sir thomas asked replace involved organising 1st armoured division appointment instead went brigadier joined second australian imperial force major general september given serial number attached british 7th armoured division middle_east study armoured warfare returning australia december organise new 1st armoured division job challenging subordinates felt given lack command experience march found herald newspaper promoted command corps comment tank coming road new post came promotion temporary rank lieutenant general april substantive december succeeded commander major general officer distinguished combat record desert september appointed chief general staff army controlled military board ceased function july responsibilities assumed commander chief general adjutant general major general victor general major general james master general ordnance major general members board came lieutenant general administration lieutenant general henry left responsibility day day running army job involved liaison royal australian navy ran royal_australian_air_force raaf frequently represent meetings minister army frank spent time long battle government number men women allocated army attempted dragged political fight proved impossible september government reduced army monthly intake women received men allocated services allocation army needed maintain strength formations disbanded took matter prime minister john managed satisfactory monthly allocation men month allocated services relationship chief general staff commander chief bore similarities raaf chief air staff air vice marshal george jones air vice marshal william commander raaf forces field senior rank army command structure relationship delicate event characterised rivalry marred wartime administration raaf late sought appoint deputy government turned request advice general douglas want officer australian government travelled washington london april arranged act commander chief absence death february post abolished responsible administration british commonwealth occupation force end world war invited condition acceptance given appointment commander chief british commonwealth occupation force japan felt missed opportunities active service saw post reward service headed december june negotiated agreement general army douglas governed terms conditions occupy japan serve american command american policy followed offered accepted post governor new_south_wales april remained japan june prime minister ben wanted coincide visit japan needed obtain consent governments concerned appointment lieutenant general successor lack experience command showed command overhauled governor new_south_wales august australian born longest serving governors new_south_wales gave patronage support charitable organisations youth church citizens groups unable secure military service australian labor party policy award time april took event historic importance sydney famous australia hotel venue successful television demonstration australia televised hotel ballroom opened demonstration knight order john jerusalem december knight commander order michael george services governor knight commander royal victorian order work royal tour queen elizabeth_ii term governor grand master grand lodge new_south_wales administrator commonwealth absence governor general july december july october occupying office held honorary rank general awarded honorary degrees doctor letters university sydney university new_england doctor science new_south_wales university technology retired july april represented australia general funeral washington death legacy survived daughters sir john died august home new_south_wales accorded state funeral military honours cremated like governors new_south_wales papers state library new_south_wales electoral district new_south_wales legislative assembly dedicated existed abolition military career highly regarded successful staff officer commander 1st armoured division corps noted innovation conspicuous success especially compared possessed flair lacked governor patron new_south_wales society crippled children continued active affairs rest life charity changed society honour disability services providing case people ages disabilities remembered school sydney having houses named house long standing served grand master united grand lodge new_south_wales australian capital territory honours honorary military appointments august july honorary air commodore squadron royal_australian_air_force august july honorary colonel 1st 15th royal new_south_wales


william edward william edward february august new_zealand recipient victoria_cross highest award gallantry face enemy awarded british commonwealth forces born took career initially worked aboard transferring sailing ships working new_zealand waters enhance career prospects outbreak world war earned master certificate late served merchant navy working aboard april commissioned royal naval reserve completed military training united_kingdom served aboard ship operated german submarines performed patrols given command hms prize february awarded victoria_cross actions patrol captain prize engaged saw german boat earlier attacked damaged ship killed action prize fourth patrol ship sunk boat victoria_cross presented father currently held war memorial museum memorials exist memory including cup sailing trophy foot class early life william born suburb february father edward cook boot maker wife emma jane née wilson children maternal grandfather sea captain worked family shipping company attended nelson street school family moved shifted school school close lake learned sail earned nickname gunner billy exploits small cannon classmate brought school left school age influence parents particularly interested profession career sea inspect ships chat captains crewmen joined cabin boy officer ship coastal steamer worked coast north acquaintance advised availability position board cabin boy promptly applied remained company operated years joined operated union steam ship company traded new_zealand india transferred ordinary government steamer serviced new_zealand coast depots offshore islands career date spent working decided spend time sail line time steam looked sailors regarded taking mate certificates sailed aboard joseph ship bar august world war early war worked second mate sat masters certificate passing honours november discharged december applied royal naval reserve called interim served merchant navy officer repeated pleas authorities traveled london april finally appointed acting sub lieutenant royal naval reserve period time hms excellent training facility whale island granted position ship operating german submarines western approaches ships merchant ships navy personnel bearing hidden weaponry attacked boats portion ship crew referred panic party appear evacuate vessel setting smoke fires simulate damage encourage attacker approach boat close ship guns operational open fire hopefully destroying submarine dutch armed pounder guns machine gun second command fellow new lieutenant blair helped oversee conversion ship patrol september ship participated actions boats second following month engaged boats engagement engines extremely vulnerable surrounded submarines limited forced reveal identity early engagement occasion screen guns jammed blair exposed potential gun fire boat attacked order cut away screen axes hms prize conduct resulted promotion lieutenant recommended command ship february appointed captain hms prize schooner sailing german flag seized converted ship early midnight april miles south ireland atlantic prize attacked boat commanded von von und genuinely badly damaged boat deck guns remaining cover moved vessel men panic party taken boats ship appeared sinking boat approached yards port quarter ordered white ensign hoisted prize opened fire minutes submarine fire bows rose air whilst prize damaged boat disappeared sight believed sunk crew prize german crew including captain blown jumped sea crippled ships sunk prize towed flames struggled days later badly damaged prize spend weeks repaired time sea lord admiral sir john offered command destroyer choosing declined returned sea prize conducting second patrol weeks wounded slightly action june prize fired times boat attacked award victoria_cross actions april june sea patrol use ships prize secret published details award simply read recognition conspicuous gallantry skill command ships action prize lost fourth patrol having promoted lieutenant commander august spotted prize ship recognised captain boat warned survivors approach prize closely instead remained submerged fired torpedoes sailing ship blowing pieces rescue craft unable find trace crew arrived area long boat escaped medals legacy bachelor died knowledge award distinguished service order actions june emergence correspondence ship commander blair makes clear knew prior death received june father received son governor general new_zealand awarded new serving navy display war memorial museum memorials including exhibit photographs primary school attended bronze tablet church haven home port prize memorial scholarship university children members royal_navy marine best known memorial cup competition foot class contested day


von von june december naval officer german kaiserliche_marine imperial navy famously commanded german east asia squadron world war entered navy served variety roles locations including colonial german west_africa 1880s east africa squadron late 1890s commander warships main german fleet early 1900s time germany late 1880s early 1890s married wife children sons daughter returned east asia squadron commander promoted rank vice admiral following year outbreak world war july led squadron pacific coast south_america november defeated british 4th cruiser squadron rear admiral christopher battle sinking cruisers forcing ships retreat month later decided attack british naval base islands superior british force surprised ensuing battle islands vice admiral squadron included powerful battlecruisers destroyed east asia squadron sons happened serving ships killed men hailed hero germany ships named honor including heavy cruiser admiral built 1930s defeated battle river plate world war early career maria von born copenhagen denmark june raised germany family estate joined kaiserliche_marine imperial navy initially served main german naval base kiel commissioned officer rank lieutenant sea assigned sms sent western africa voyage germans signed treaties local rulers creating colonies respectively transferred commanded port contracted fever sent germany recover occasionally suffered rest life returning germany married wife von der sons born july born april daughter born july december stationed germany east asia squadron seized concession bay port served staff von boxer rebellion china saw action arriving germany promoted rank corvette captain assigned officer aboard pre dreadnought battleship held command ships including finally pre dreadnought period promoted frigate captain january captain sea exactly year later command followed promotion assigned chief staff commander north_sea station promoted rank counter admiral assigned deputy commander reconnaissance forces high_seas_fleet east asia squadron late given command east asia squadron replacing von december raised flag armored cruiser departed tour southwest pacific sister ship visits ports including singapore promoted following year following year half met leaders east asian countries april took japan meet emperor later year met king took torpedo boat visit port arthur continued beijing met president republic china came aboard ship returned began preparations cruise german new_guinea departed june armored cruisers proceeded nagasaki japan preparation tour route caroline islands received news assassination ferdinand heir throne austria-hungary july east asia squadron arrived ships remained tensions steadily rose europe access german radio network learned austro hungarian declaration war serbia july followed shortly russian declaration war austria-hungary possibly germany july word came german ultimatum russia armies set ordered ships crews prepare war august ordered german russia ally france following germany violation neutral belgium invasion france britain declared war germany world war east asia squadron consisted light cruisers leipzig time returning west_coast united_states leipzig replaced recalled ships consolidate forces arrived august cruisers plus moved pagan island time german colony liner friedrich converted auxiliary cruiser joined squadron august cruisers accompanied friedrich departed central pacific bound chile august commodore von captain persuaded ship commerce august east asia squadron departed pagan marshall islands route pacific relaxed aboard ships integrating officers non commissioned engineering officers german high command informed september detached honolulu send word neutral countries returned news allied capture german taken place august sailed investigate situation hoped catch british australian warship surprise arrival september found warships harbor decided attacking allied troops ashore risk killing damaging german property september rest east asia squadron arrived french colony germans attacked colony ensuing battle sank french ships came fire french shore batteries undamaged fear mines harbor prevented seizing coal harbor continued pacific passing islands ships acquired supplies including fresh meat purchase october squadron reached easter island reinforced leipzig dresden ships coast chile november learned british cruiser glasgow moored ostensibly decided try sink ship battle glasgow assigned 4th cruiser squadron rear admiral christopher turned glasgow joined armored cruisers good hope auxiliary cruiser discovering entire squadron decided engage british ships delayed action ships superior speed later day setting sun silhouette ships german ships obscured chilean coast making task british gunners difficult issued order open fire armored cruisers battling armored cruisers light cruisers engaging glasgow quickly detached place line battle disabled shifted fire good hope combined firepower good hope withdrew armored cruisers sent light cruisers finish good hope british lost ships suffered dead including german ships expended percent ammunition supply inflicted defeat royal_navy squadron napoleonic wars century earlier battle took ships north chile neutral ships enter port time took morning november leaving dresden leipzig ships coal conferred admiralty staff germany determine strength remaining british forces region addition sought counter british press reports attempted minimize losses german casualties reception followed german club insisted event restrained tone received flowers celebrate victory replied nicely grave stated forget homeless reach germany possess secure harbor fight way seas world ammunition exhausted foe far superior power succeeds catching cost port received order admiralty staff attempt break germany ships remained port hours accordance neutrality restrictions arrived november took coal captured british french dresden leipzig took turn formed squadron continued south rounded cape horn south atlantic meantime royal_navy sent pair battlecruisers invincible commanded vice admiral hunt squadron avenge defeat battle islands morning december held conference ship commanders aboard determine course action germans received numerous contradictory reports british reinforcements region captains favored attack islands destroy british wireless station commanders argued better bypass islands attack british shipping argentina opinion carried day squadron departed islands december ships arrived islands days later delegated attack approached observers aboard spotted smoke rising port stanley assumed british burning coal stocks prevent germans seizing closed harbor shells elderly battleship beached guard ship began fall german ships prompted break attack withdrew quickly got steam ships sortied chase germans battlecruisers caught realized armored cruisers escape faster battlecruisers ordered light cruisers attempt break away tried hold british squadron instead ordered cruisers chase fleeing german light cruisers invincible dealt ships taking position wind kept ships swept smoke improved visibility gunners forced position corresponding worse visibility invincible quickly scored hits british battlecruiser german flagship hit phase battle attempted widen distance turning points north prevent closing range numerous secondary guns maneuver turning rapidly south forced turn south range allowed turn north close engage secondary guns shooting accurate forced british haul away second time british gunfire increasingly accurate begun list badly fires aboard ship ordered try turned attackers attempt launch torpedoes capsized sank taking entire crew including british focused effort rescue survivors leipzig sunk dresden managed escape eventually tracked juan islands sunk complete destruction squadron killed german sailors officers including sons died aboard killed aboard legacy september second class battlecruiser named christened widow construction ship completed time armistice november broken scrap germany named new heavy cruiser admiral earlier vessel member family christened ship time daughter december admiral scuttled crew battle river plate coast federal german operated training frigate


clyde october december australian recipient victoria_cross highest decoration gallantry face enemy awarded members british commonwealth armed forces serving sergeant world war awarded victoria_cross following assault german machine guns men rushed posts armed revolver succeeded capturing gun moving second killed crew remaining gun crews forced retreat born tasmania married working farmer enlisted australian imperial force posted 40th battalion shipped england spent months training arriving western awarded military medal battle leading carrying parties heavy artillery machine gun fire wounded twice war returned australia discharged following year took rescue work aiding families isolated severe valley following period service second world war died stomach cancer early life born tasmania october edward wife née educated state school gaining employment farmer giving age married methodist ceremony september couple later son daughters world war despite wife disapproval enlisted australian imperial force february allotted newly raised 40th battalion private appointed lance corporal embarked aboard july bound england disembarked devonport little seven weeks later 40th battalion spent months training promoted corporal november embarked rest 40th battalion france western days later initially posted battalion transferred flanders belgium early promoted temporary sergeant january substantive april june 40th battalion took battle day period engagement june placed charge supervising leading carrying parties work subject heavy german artillery machine gun fire occasions party despite parties managed reach occasion actions time later awarded military medal recommendation cited exceptional fine work conduct award published supplement london gazette august october involved operations battle suffered gunshot wound right shoulder admitted 22nd general hospital transferred hospital wound required treatment england having sufficiently recovered period fort military hospital chatham 3rd auxiliary hospital granted weeks leave january returning duty attached overseas training brigade prior embarking france rejoined 40th battalion days later action village june wounded gas attack position initially admitted 10th australian field ambulance transferred 40th casualty clearing station days later returning 40th battalion june beginning july placed day attachment demonstration platoon 10th brigade headquarters returning battalion attached american 3rd battalion regiment service seven day period later month rejoined 40th battalion july victoria_cross august 3rd australian division 40th battalion ordered attack easterly direction southern bank river advance road past august 40th battalion tasked objective seizing holding valley south road advance entailed moving battalion approximately metres open ground direct observation german forces high ground east time 37th battalion village proceed line railway north road action earn victoria_cross 40th battalion began attack approximately successfully advanced metres point unit came intense barrage german artillery prevented moving forward assistance lewis gun team command battalion company managed reach centre village hour later remainder 40th battalion attempted follow soon subject heavy machine gun fire lewis gun engaged german machine gun posts enabled remainder battalion continue advance battalion later able reach objectives 40th battalion received message 37th battalion attempt advance village objective position observed line german machine gunners firing 37th battalion preventing advance turned lewis guns attempt assist party men 37th attacked having failed party thirteen men assembled rushed position soon group wiped reached gun gathering corporal styles beard worked way cover road embankment reaching metres machine gunners armed revolver led men rushed open ground german reaching position party able dispose gun crew moving second personally shot crew members fifth rifle seeing remaining gun teams began retreat killed lewis gunners soon german machine gun opened killing private styles wounding corporal private beard began crawl lines inspired 37th battalion continued advance pair went past later evening heavy machine gun fire went retrieved badly wounded body styles battalions reached consolidated positions relieved british 17th division following day september 40th battalion ordered parade unit commanding officer lieutenant colonel john lord addressing assembled crowd lord announced day sergeant appear london gazette announcing awarded victoria_cross described battalion history reluctant hero granted cheers carried shoulder high ranks battalion band played citation victoria_cross appeared supplement london gazette later day reading war office 27th september majesty king pleased approve award victoria_cross officers man clyde conspicuous bravery initiative action command platoon reached objective remainder battalion held heavy machine gun fire engaged machine gun posts lewis gun fire enabling remainder battalion advance advance battalion left brought heavy enemy machine gun fire assaulting detachments reach machine gun posts action taking gun armed revolver broad daylight rushed enemy machine gun posts succession killing enemy remaining posts retired wiped lewis gun fire later evening heavy machine gun fire went brought badly wounded men station set magnificent example quick decision success attacking troops largely determined gallantry later war service october granted days leave paris returning 40th battalion sent following day attached 4th army guard special duties day period briefly joining battalion shipped england november special duties time armistice signed officially declaring war end granted weeks leave december returning france january attached headquarters australian base depot march shipped england june attended ceremony buckingham palace presented victoria_cross king george time england undertook course motor training institute preparation non military employment granted month leave returning duty september boarded days later departed australia arrived tasmania november discharged australian imperial force january later life following discharge settled tasmania gained employment timber industry true word leave went war wife divorced october years later december married grace hudson née parker general office severe broke valley took prominent role rescue work aiding families isolated fire second world war enlisted service volunteer defence corps australian military forces commissioned lieutenant june served war 5th battalion volunteer defence corps discharge january wife died december married kingston pair later son couple lived worked commercial agent member local council joined australian contingent victoria_cross recipients attended parade london park commemorate centenary institution award general hospital december died stomach cancer accorded military funeral cremated ashes interred bay cemetery victoria_cross currently display australian war memorial


robinson warsaw robinson warsaw people end warsaw uprising subsequent planned destruction warsaw nazi_germany decided stay hide ruins german occupied city period hiding spanned long half months day capitulation uprising october entry red army january jews considerable number non jewish poles present lived ruins houses prepared ahead time lived extremely dire circumstances city destroyed managed escape warsaw captured killed germans survived withdrawal german troops estimates number vary thousand majority perished war information circumstances comes survived largest group consisted probably individuals led medical doctors included group jewish combat organization polish warsaw fighters managed leave ruined city mid november terms robinson appeared immediately popularized contemporary later works including memoirs newspaper reports films writers famous composer story subject film pianist background warsaw uprising began august attempt polish home army liberate capital poland nazi occupation advance approaching soviet forces hoped soviet allied support early august joseph halted red army right bank denied british american planes carried aid uprising landing rights soviet controlled territory despite fact september soviets captured suburb allowed limited landings allied planes insurrection isolated pushed area city early september soviet aid uprising doomed capitulation talks progress germans took suburb september final surrender agreement concluded october commander home army warsaw german general charge suppressing uprising von bach provisions capitulation agreement stipulated home army soldiers accorded status treated prisoners war civilian population warsaw evacuate city transferred holding camps released date surrender civilians soldiers days leave capital portion agreement point stated german command ensure preservation remaining public private property evacuation protection objects buildings artistic cultural sacred value soon fighting conference held october ordered total destruction city stated city completely disappear surface earth serve transport station stone remain standing building razed foundation task carrying destruction assigned paul subsequently buildings city systematically reduced ruin origins usage term weeks fall warsaw uprising october commander german 9th army stationed warsaw von issued order informed soldiers large number poles hiding ruins warsaw according posed threat german forces von ordered large scale police action round city order sanctioned immediate execution individuals found hiding ruins rare cases found placed specially created concentration camp manual labor german_army looted remnants city phenomenon noticed soon red army captured warsaw january bulletin jewish news agency reported individuals emerged hiding referred term soon common reference fictional robinson daniel novel soviet writer journalist entering ruined city described finding jewish non jewish poles left term analogy memoirs writers imprisoned concentration camp camp liberated polish home army joined ranks fought uprising end fighting robinson hiding bunker street began writing diary wrote lived like robinson difference free freely lived hiding diary survived ultimate fate unknown memoirs compared like emphasized isolation characterized warsaw memoir served basis screenplay written early polish writers entitled robinson warsaw movie eventually filmed city heavily censored communist authorities original theme changed extent requested removed film credits experience film contributed cinema artistic medium member home army wounded uprising barely managed escape massacre civilians wounded soldiers hid basement destroyed house mid september mid november wrote books experiences war including commonwealth ruins capital caves memoirs warsaw robinson major home army hid group wounded patients saved hospital set fire germans days uprising war wrote book experiences warsaw robinson portion group left hiding place german troops called surrender immediately executed rest remained hidden escaped detection eventually corpses murdered companions disguise entry hiding place refer jews hid ruins warsaw aftermath warsaw uprising children book island bird street adapted film tells story year old boy hides ruins draws robinson work fact things alex story protagonist possesses copy novel memoirs include bunker bodyguard hid warsaw january january fortunate life angels wings contained archives jewish historical institute warsaw jerusalem reasons staying capitulation agreement home army german forces stipulated insurgents treated regular prisoners war city civilians transferred transit camps afterward released agreement different treatment poles jewish jews feared agreement honored case fact nazis conducted medical examination camp order catch jews warsaw refugees consequence large number jews warsaw time uprising decided remain hiding join non jewish civilians leaving city according memoirs period choice came particular person looked pass non jewish pole significant number non jewish poles trust germans decided leave city wounded home army soldiers stranded uprising simply able evacuate time choice remain resulted feelings despair brought fall uprising initially simply motivation leave number demographics end warsaw uprising beginning jews hiding ruins number warsaw uprising estimated thousand spread suburbs warsaw source gives number hiding jewish including hiding fall uprising significant number non jewish poles unlike case somewhat hiding remained medium sized large groups mixed majority men hiding places makeshift prepared advance anticipating fall uprising result sequence people closely followed military developments insurrection groups went hiding massacre warsaw old town fighting taking place parts city majority hid german forces captured warsaw city centre districts insurgents largest known group composed approximately people leadership roman medical doctors beer director makeshift hospital uprising clear insurrection going fail home army soldier decided stay converted adjacent equipped hiding place group water coffee fuel additionally kept set ink paper illustrate life bunker members fought uprising group possessed small weapons unusual dog bunker stayed according memoirs bark noise water ran group developed routine group worked dig watched approaching germans ventured outside bunker useful items group eventually dug way water canals built november excursion outside bunker group contact small partisan unit hiding led russian soldier liberated uprising subsequently group join partisans small scale attacks german troops group survived entry red army mid january living conditions initially living conditions varied according time prepare roughly days signing capitulation deadline civilians leave city decision stay food water camouflage hiding places time passed supplies ran change locations security reasons situation soon equally desperate remained food extremely hard come pressing need obtaining drinking water search water mentioned memoirs common sources originally included toilet boilers standing water found inside ran hiding forced risk access wells guarded german soldiers memoirs describe long periods observing particular waiting chance obtain quick drink method involved obtaining sewer water canals wrapped generally records indicate water supplies existed shared fairly individuals hiding group instance person unable withstand drank group water supply result liberation home army soldier court fellow group members sentenced death execution postponed liberation occurred overwhelmed joy crime sentence mentioned numerous instances death drinking poisoned water corpses inside ruins instance desperate driven drink subsequently died coming winter improved water situation access cold living conditions worse impossible hiding build fires warm smoke reveal location germans consequence died cold unlike robinson novel human contact warsaw tried avoid cost contradiction noted wrote war discovered germans cases meant immediate death exceptions best known encounter captain helped hide feed instances captured forced help germans looting city ruins executed sent camp actually tried actively revenge occupying forces famous local legend individual known greek god war described based interviews conducted active district staged numerous german soldiers case improvised explosive device according sources leave graffiti hitler messages included communications german soldiers case dumped body soldier killed note warsaw wrote ghost matter search useless eventually met demise germans left poisoned food find soon discovered man ruins obviously sick having eaten shot taking life according sources individuals took struggle names greek gods signature destroyed suburbs limited postal system robinson groups established served bodyguard polish government exile jan secretly entered gather information report polish jews nazi_germany western allies later fought warsaw uprising jewish military union afterward decided stay ruins memoirs reports post functioned use electrical boxes groups leave notes informing alive hiding news obtained requests special forms assistance according common pleas doctors forms medical help escape initially remained ruins city uprising later attempts leave particularly true stayed choice unfavorable circumstances best known case post uprising departure involved group jewish combat organization fighters leadership taken warsaw uprisings originally fighters stayed large group second week october moved different location remaining stayed place street mid november contacted home army previously managed leave city rescue squadron people returned rest group germans begun systematic search destruction ruined houses near hiding place meant time running dressed nurses doctors clothes red_cross provided director home army unit rescue squadron seven hiding way city german group consisted men women later wife crossed dinner germans bother examine group second officer noticed lying wearing combat boots polish escorts dressed nurse quickly declared patients ill soldiers backed group moved way cases opportunity leave warsaw came chance example hiding taken accidentally found woman unknown given permission germans remove property ruins way city group pass german encountered difficulties similar fighters soldier accused wounded sick let pass escort individual total number hid ruins city portion names locations known recognized individuals ones survived war came contact survivors point list known representative majority died hiding identities recorded table lists mentioned memoirs written works subject sources table


walter major walter december november austrian born german fighter ace world war credited aerial victories aerial combat encounters resulting destruction enemy aircraft combat missions achieved victories eastern flying jet fighters defense scored victories approximately joined luftwaffe completed fighter pilot training posted eastern pilot achieve victories earning mit und knight cross iron cross oak leaves swords diamonds october propaganda reasons ordered cease operational flying reinstated line service september tested developed tactics jet fighter credited victories aircraft type killed crash following combat united_states_army air forces fighters november death operational jet fighter wing named honour early life walter born small town lower austria father railway official brothers officers killed action battle family lived father relocated north vienna walter attended primary school graduating der years sang convent choir abbey father relocation transferred secondary school der received diploma teens interested kinds sports played football school team took place throw place lower austrian metres track field championships visited summer olympics berlin mandatory labour service joined luftwaffe october joined nazi party national socialist german workers party membership number luftwaffe career military basic training began october november continued november june promoted march shortly april july promoted rank completed pilot training received pilot badge august trained fighter pilot august november school attended year earlier teachers austro hungarian world war ace befriended paul younger brother general der adolf paul claimed aerial victories channel shot killed royal_air_force raf october graduation transferred november flying fighter cover industrial works posted training supplement squadron december time command major transferred time 9th called squadron trained veterans line february march march march flew promoted april effective february flew white 24th operational mission july claimed enemy aircraft military air forces shot engagement according soviet archives soviet aircraft lost engagement spent days gulf occasion run soviet destroyer finally washed ashore coast rest combat career wore trousers german roughly shoot pants referred victory pants worn days gulf exception sortie november killed flying jet fighter quickly recovered ordeal july claimed flying boat north west bomber south island increased tally victories claimed 30th 31st kills july earned luftwaffe honor july shot aircraft single day 32nd 36th victories july seven 48th 54th victories august having downed enemy aircraft august carried victory passes airfield despite having sustained combat damage black subsequent landing aircraft sustained moderate injuries walter awarded knight cross iron cross des september aerial victories earned home leave vienna brothers walter met time killed october replacing january started converting fighter new aircraft scored unprecedented kill rate averaging planes day weeks end february late formed team known chain course war credited combined kills making successful team luftwaffe scored victory march reached century mark june combat mission 42nd luftwaffe pilot achieve century mark june accumulate victories increasing total august august shot aircraft number matched exactly bringing total victories september scored victories sorties took tally seventy hours later number risen earning knight cross iron cross oak leaves des mit september award personally presented adolf_hitler september date claimed double century september september victory making highest scoring pilot luftwaffe time september brought score victories earning knight cross iron cross oak leaves swords des mit und september planned presentation swords ceremony diamonds promoted september effective october following victory october pilot reach victories following combat missions celebrating feat bar received phone hitler announcing awarded des mit und knight cross iron cross oak leaves swords diamonds making eighth men honored diamonds presented hitler near german october immediately went short vacation vienna returning line unit october presented des knight cross iron cross days following flew helping accumulate victories november killed rammed day november severely injured low altitude replaced claimed final aerial victories eastern november total claimed confirmed kills plus unconfirmed taken combat duty sent propaganda tour germany included presentation des knight cross war merit cross railroad engineer august december 23rd birthday shortly christmas visited production site bad met professor kurt tank mayor vienna awarded city ring honor january presentation taking place week later token accepted reluctantly feeling deserve official visit office machinery factory briefly returned commander luftwaffe fighter pilot training school southern france april death september commander specialist unit dubbed flying newly developed airfields near unit contend enemy working phase developing tactics appropriate jet unit october downed bomber aerial victory western generals alfred adolf scheduled inspection afternoon november visited times deeply concerned high attrition rate success achieved airfields stayed barracks discussing problems past weeks pilots openly expressed doubts readiness combat operations morning november generals arrived command post declared aces past years luftwaffe lost fighting spirit shortly news reached command post large bomber formation approaching rotten prepared managed tire turbines initially refused start delay took engaged enemy having retired action sustaining battle damage downed reported engine failing final transmission containing word burning recalled remember crash radio operator unit set radio airfield set listened radio communications aircraft words fire fire words slightly remains unclear killed engine failure shot united_states_army air forces captain 20th fighter group 1st lieutenant edward buddy fighter group east recent years united_states military historians proposed victor pilot lieutenant richard stevens fighter group witnesses observed factory number white dive vertically clouds crash kilometres east announced death november daily given state funeral vienna guard honor composed friend gordon major major major eulogy delivered general der adolf buried vienna grave honor sponsored city vienna nazi_germany following initiative austrian green party debates vienna resolution supported social democrats passed remove status honor awards order cross liberty 1st class der luftwaffe combined pilots observation badge gold diamonds eastern medal flying luftwaffe fighter pilots gold pennant honor luftwaffe july pilot wound badge black city ring honor january iron cross 2nd 1st class german cross gold august des mit und september pilot september 37th september 8th october mentioned times