safe flight safe flight aircraft occurred norway june incident took place boeing belonging safe scheduled flight trondheim airport oslo airport drunk incident plane place norway deaths injuries sentenced years prison years detention armed air gun threatened cabin attendant told captain proceed planned claimed falsely placed explosives board demands political statement talk prime minister minister justice plane landed surrounded police hour released hostages exchange having aircraft moved closer terminal building thirty minutes later released remaining passengers drank incident consumed plane beer supply surrendered weapon exchange beer plane immediately stormed arrested occurred board safe flight route trondheim airport oslo airport aircraft boeing named norway registration day graduated upper secondary school studied health social work evening purchased air gun trondheim weapon hand boarding aircraft trondheim airport security control selected seat rear aircraft airborne showed female flight attendant air gun asked inform captain wanted control aircraft proceed planned flight attendant later communicate pilot police informed incident air controllers plane landed minutes schedule aircraft parked location metres terminal immediately surrounded police special forces officers police department special trained police officers placed control tower negotiated closed air traffic rerouted oslo airport passengers informed incident aircraft surrounded police informed passengers crew falsely placed explosives toilet rooms hurt dressed suit sunglasses passengers board described actions calm incident repeatedly asked drank beer demands talk prime minister minister justice conservative party wanted hold press conference treatment left prison demanded receive guarantees better treatment economic security authorities assisted psychologist police negotiated hour plane landed passengers let plane group passengers claimed transfers flights exchange aircraft moved closer terminal building passengers picked bus transported domestic terminal questioned police remaining passengers let thirty minutes later crew members remained friend helped police negotiations aircraft beer agreement throw gun window exchange beer delivered civilian police officer aircraft immediately stormed special forces arrested injured aftermath originally time years old finished studying christian upper secondary school trondheim previously sentenced times violence offenses including armed robbery taxi threatening shotgun beaten abused father started drinking year old lost job psychiatric institution aged admitted christian school managed stay away alcohol years started prior incident stated afraid lose friends alcohol court case stated wanted help society attention drawn cause stated regretted stated wanted send message minister justice prime minister needed help intend passengers aware threats stated spontaneous planned armed robbery hostages hotel oslo defense attorney argued commit letter law instead taken hostages result lesser sentence court stated difficult childhood defined alcoholic age considered ability rational decisions weak mental health stated committed crimes identify low self esteem found guilty court appeal sentenced years prison years supervision


low cost airline headquartered india largest airline india terms passengers carried market share february airline operates daily flights destinations second largest low cost carrier asia primary hub international airport delhi airline founded private company enterprises united_states based took delivery aircraft july commenced operations month later august airline largest indian carrier terms passenger market share company went public november airline operates single aircraft type economy configuration history founded private company enterprises united_states based stake held virginia new owner share daughter state city street based company investments placed firm order aircraft june plans commence operations took delivery aircraft july nearly year placing order commenced operations august service new delhi end airline aircraft aircraft acquired december replaced state run carrier air india largest airline india jet passenger market share placed order aircraft deal worth billion january completing years operations airline got permission launch international flights airline launched international services september december expressed reservations rapid expansion impact passenger safety february took delivery 50th aircraft years began operations quarter ending march profitable airline india second largest airline india terms passenger market share august largest airline india terms market share surpassing jet years commencing operations january second fastest growing low cost carrier asia indonesian airline lion air february following announcement civil aviation ministry allow delivery aircraft year airline planned introduce low cost regional flights setting subsidiary later announced plans seek permission ministry acquire aircraft taking delivery aircraft march second largest low cost carrier asia terms seats flown august placed order aircraft worth billion making largest single order history announced million initial public offering october opened october february largest airline india terms passengers carried market share corporate affairs identity headquartered india logo round dots arranged shape aircraft serves logo airline airline uses tone blue white background belly aircraft painted logo white flight wear single piece navy blue cap thin belt designed fashion designer artist airline tagline time focusing operations fastest growing low cost carriers world largest profitable airline india success attributed unique business model reduces costs airline operates single type aircraft similar seating configuration crew training maintenance airline strikes bulk deals reducing unit costs airline targets quick turn time minutes aircraft ready flight ensuring planes fly hours day employees share multiple roles check staff doubling baggage destinations july operates daily flights destinations india abroad main base located delhi additional bases mumbai january received license operate international flights completing years operations international service launched new delhi september international services later expanded serve singapore airline considering launch flights china fleet order reduce operational overhead operates family aircraft fleet april operates following aircraft fleet information received july planned aircraft airline took delivery 50th aircraft 100th aircraft delivered november completing initial order ahead schedule family aircraft ordered delivered starting delay production delivery aircraft dry leased total aircraft cope demand aircraft delivered march new aircraft orders placed order aircraft worth billion june paris air plans commence operations signed memorandum understanding additional aircraft including new engine option neo worth billion january launch customers aircraft october expressed intention order aircraft worth billion list prices august confirmed order aircraft billion order provides flexibility convert seat passengers fly longer routes order jets single largest order number aircraft services low cost carrier offers economy class seating passengers aircraft low provide complimentary meals flights buy board flight meal programme flight entertainment available hello flight magazine published offers premium services passengers avail additional benefits like pre assigned seat multiple priority check higher fare awards achievements won following awards best low cost carrier airline passengers association india best low cost carrier express travel awards best low cost airline best aviation award excellence centre asia pacific aviation


airport airport norwegian international airport located kilometers west town municipality county norway operated state owned airport single meter asphalt runway numbered scandinavian norwegian air shuttle operate boeing services oslo airport generated function hub regional services airports eastern summer charter flights central europe bring tourists cruises airport passengers built military air station luftwaffe world war civilian services introduced war abandoned airport reopened new terminal extended runway originally airport served scandinavian system 1970s attempted provide services russia originally airport meters long respectively smaller closed longer extended new terminal building use terrain runway length exploited wind conditions proposal level land history construction aircraft land trial undertaken royal norwegian navy air service test flight time mission awarded finn chose fly hour trip coast landing military landed lake undertook flights municipality offering undertaking aerial photography scheduled service started following summer postal flights flown behalf norwegian air lines flight allowed post sent oslo day continued season route flown intermediate stops public demands passenger services started instead german occupation norway terminated civilian aviation limited service kept northern norway resistance terminated german forces took control country september weekly services operated trondheim continuing passenger terminated march airline pilots fled united_kingdom support allied forces selected luftwaffe air stations northern norway airport airport built meters long respectively primarily attacks arctic convoys german withdrawal operation october points damage proved easy repair january troops norwegian police officers sweden led soviet air forces land reopening service war started october flew onwards connection trondheim oslo service lasted replaced seaplane route intermediate stops route flew direction day operated summer plagued poor original water located later moved north passengers boat aircraft air traffic control moved returned route doubled patronage introduction year operated route taken introduced smaller canada aircraft seaplane service flown behalf later scandinavian system remained based established general aviation enthusiasts airline originally seat seat polar operations started june company gradually developed services scheduled charter air ambulance services later bought seat land aircraft operated airport finland corresponded service planning new airport initiated committee established ministry transport communications resulted national plan included plan construction placed hold high costs airports south completed time construction started airport opened work consisted expanding east west runway meters building new passenger terminal control tower completed time opening airport airport opened year airport followed suit following year operational history introduced passenger metropolitan domestic services served airport seat douglas flights finland month aircraft movements royal norwegian air_force replaced routes operate scheduled flights new airport sold land aircraft instead seaplane operator introduced passenger douglas jet aircraft service flew civilian helicopter time year airport served passengers busy bee contracted norwegian armed forces fly military charters june passenger friendships stationed flew daily services locations northern norway onwards connection oslo arrangement continued busy bee bankruptcy merged create based new airline bought passenger norman started round trips newly upgraded airport airport later followed routes airport airport airport airport hand received concessions operate airport opened august airport opened serve regional services originally operated passenger canada aircraft terminated services time ministry started looking airport structure services county need subsidies proposals ticket prices reduction regional airport flying seat aircraft times day passengers airport structure kept ticket prices continued rise airport served passengers continued air ambulance contract service taken air express later contract awarded operated super king air filed bankruptcy routes taken commuter established started operations northern norway involved change operations services oslo terminated instead services introduced able reduce costs longer operating local routes instead increased number flights new system met massive opposition emergency meetings held commuter ministry june low non transfer flights oslo reintroduced april albeit services stopping service airport initiated commuter airline quickly terminated service started weekly services onwards airport june service summer increased year service started service service terminated airline failing started weekly services twin aircraft terminated service followed suit runway extended eastwards meters late 1990s expansion took place second extensions received operating permit civil aviation authority norway hills hinder aircraft landing east follow safe final approach arctic air took flights passenger flew service lost contract bought resulting taking service increasing daily flights oslo merged form airline changed scandinavian norwegian air shuttle started flights oslo weekly services terminal building unchanged smaller upgrades decided terminal upgraded consisting new road airport parking lot terminal investments cost nok million opened reopened service august low patronage caused airline terminate route december reduced daily trip oslo facilities airport located kilometers west terminal room category aircraft boeing summer airport experiences high traffic peak scheduled charter aircraft arriving time intend correspond causes patronage rise airport capacity airport revenue nok million commercial income percent operating deficit nok million deficit cross profits largest airports airport passengers aircraft movements tonnes cargo runway located southwest northeast meters touchdown zone west meters start runway meters east parallel run runway terrain east maximum lengths runway vary depending direction meters east compared meters west runway equipped instrument landing system closed runway located normally main runway meters long gravel length paved airport located european road transport operates airport coach service airport connection arrivals departures company serves airport coach services parts parking car rental available airport destinations serve airport scheduled flights scandinavian norwegian air shuttle operate daily flight oslo operating services day summer use boeing flies regional airports uses hub feed regional passengers oslo flights operates daily services canada dash aircraft hamburg international operates charter services germany september behalf group tourist transferring coastal voyage sporadic charters fishermen operated atlantic future period plans build new control tower new rescue station located close runway small date plans expand terminal building allow simultaneous handling large small aircraft county municipality considering establishing fast ferry service service time minutes possibility marketing alternative airport offer cheaper flights oslo available moscow proposed lowering terrain east airport terrain actually east runway expanded direction extension removing ground degree slope impact smaller aircraft reduced runway length severe impact performance boeing aircraft norwegian instance winter seat utilize percent permitted weight hinder fully loaded aircraft flying oslo impacts seat aircraft smaller reach oslo winter berlin summer airport served passengers passengers project estimated cost million norwegian estimates benefit society lower investment costs negative net present value giving average estimated nok million deficit norwegian air shuttle building unified fleet aircraft able serve airport winter investments carried extension allow increased charter traffic central europe increased existing flights stated finance investments direct subsidies state


united flight united flight registered july crash landed city iowa suffering catastrophic failure tail mounted engine led loss flight controls flight route international airport denver colorado hare international airport chicago people board died accident survived despite deaths accident considered prime example successful crew resource management large number survivors manner flight crew handled emergency landed airplane conventional control flight crew known result actions particular captain alfred instructor board offered assistance dennis general national transportation safety board determined probable cause accident inadequate consideration given human factors limitations inspection quality control procedures united engine overhaul facility resulted failure detect fatigue crack originating previously defect located critical area stage fan disk manufactured general_electric aircraft engines manner engine failed resulted high speed metal fragments engine fragments penetrated hydraulic lines independent hydraulic systems board aircraft rapidly lost hydraulic fluid subsequent catastrophic disk resulted liberation debris pattern distribution energy levels exceeded level protection provided design features hydraulic systems operate flight controls flight crew lost ability operate nearly despite losses crew able attain maintain limited control adjust thrust remaining wing mounted engines engine independently crew rough steering adjustments engines able roughly adjust altitude crew guided crippled jet gateway airport lined landing use flaps unable slow landing forced attempt landing high ground speed aircraft landed extremely high rate descent inability reduce rate descent touchdown increasing pitch result touchdown aircraft broke apart rolled caught fire largest section came rest runway despite accident passengers crew survived owing variety factors including relatively controlled manner crash early emergency services involved aircraft accident airplane douglas registration delivered owned departure flight denver july airplane operated total hours cycles airplane powered general_electric aircraft engines high bypass ratio engines flight crew captain alfred hired united february hours total flight time united held airline transport pilot certificate latest issue september type ratings type rated april captain having served captain september recent proficiency check completed april officer william records hired national august subsequently worked pan american world pilot activity united completion united course pilots december estimated accumulated approximately hours total flight time united records indicate hours flight time officer records completed united transition course august date proficiency check second officer dvorak hired united estimated approximately hours total flying time united records indicate accumulated hours second officer hours second officer dvorak completed transition training june date check ride training check captain dennis hired united january estimated prior employment united hours flight time air national_guard total time united hours hours second officer hours officer hours captain assigned training check united training center denver colorado events crash engine failure hydraulic system flight took international airport denver colorado bound hare international airport chicago continuing service philadelphia international airport plane shallow right turn feet fan disk tail mounted general_electric engine failed debris failed disk contained engine housing protects engine pieces disk penetrated aircraft tail section structure numerous places including horizontal lines hydraulic systems allowing fluid rapidly drain away pilots felt aircraft warning lights illuminated indicated tail mounted number engine captain watched officer records place hands flight controls response focused attention engine second officer dvorak obtained engine failure read item throttle power reduced idle unable throttle jammed result engine failure second item called fuel supply pulled point dvorak suggestion valve fuel flow engine shut emergency took seconds officer records noticed course moved control column correct plane respond records reported captain control airplane having shut fuel supply engine looked records surprised saw records control column turned way left commanding maximum left pulled way commanding maximum elevator utilized simultaneously normal flight despite command roll left aircraft nose rise aircraft instead banking right nose dropping took flight controls attempted level aircraft control column ineffective records utilized control columns time attempt recover bank aircraft respond options danger aircraft rolling completely inverted position situation result crash crew took throttle left wing mounted number engine reduced power idle taking throttle right wing mounted number engine commanding maximum power resulting differential thrust power left maximum power right caused airplane slowly level imminent danger crew began situation flight deck dvorak discovered pressure quantity instrument panel hydraulic systems registering zero reported hydraulic systems separate single event system disable systems lines systems shared inch wide route tail engine debris penetrated additional backup system flight crew quickly realized initial failure left hydraulic systems control surfaces crew called united maintenance base radios total loss considered virtually impossible procedures guidelines dealing event help emergency landing crash damage tail plane continual tendency turn right flight controls difficult maintain stable course plane began slowly vertically cycle characteristic planes control surface command lost iteration cycle aircraft lost approximately feet altitude dennis duty united flight instructor seated class section noticing crew having trouble controlling airplane offered assistance flight informed instructor board immediately invited cockpit hoping knowledge aircraft help regain control entered cockpit looked hydraulic concluded situation faced flight crew engines control airplane trying fly airplane control columns asked passenger cabin control having effect reported moving despite news crew continue trying fly airplane control columns remainder flight hopeful having effect task concluded asked assistance trying fly airplane control column simultaneously working asked work instead throttle hand able cycle rough steering adjustments air traffic control contacted emergency landing nearby gateway airport organized kept sense humor emergency recorded plane cockpit voice recorder tell beer don drink sure shit later city approach united thirty heavy wind currently zero cleared land runway laughter roger laughter want particular runway extreme difficulty controlling aircraft low chances making runway remark quoted asked crew left turn clear city away city later noted busy scared maintain airplane die learn day flying crew began prepare arrival city questioned deploy landing gear belly land aircraft gear retracted decided having landing gear provide shock absorption impact complete hydraulic failure left landing gear lowering mechanism options available flight crew designed hydraulic pressure landing gear lost gear fall slightly rest landing gear doors placing regular landing gear handle position unlock doors doors landing gear fall place lock gravity alternative system available cockpit floor cause landing gear fall position added benefit high speed flight locked neutral position crew hoped trapped hydraulic fluid regain use flight controls elected extend gear alternative system gear deployed successfully change aircraft landing originally planned foot runway difficulties controlling aircraft lining impossible dumping excess fuel plane executed series right hand turns easier turn plane direction intention lining runway came instead lined shorter closed runway little capacity maneuver fire trucks placed runway anticipating landing nearby runway vehicles quickly moved way plane touched runway permanently closed year earlier advised ran north south east airport land didn think runway pilot opted try runway instead continued control aircraft descent adjusting engine thrust loss crew unable control independent sink rate final descent aircraft going knots sinking feet minute approximately forward downward speed safe landing require knots feet minute approximately respectively needed seat landing dvorak offered moved position dvorak sat cockpit jump seat landing noticed high sink rate pushed forward left engine faster right engine causing bank sharply right flight crew time react tip right wing hit runway fuel ignited immediately tail section broke force impact rest aircraft bounced times landing gear engine breaking fuselage main pieces final impact right wing main aircraft sideways rolled slid stop upside corn field right runway witnesses reported aircraft end end investigation confirm reports video crash showed right wing end end intact left wing attached fuselage rolling fuselage flipped post crash response injuries persons people board died crash killed injuries sustained multiple impacts people middle fuselage section directly fuel tanks died smoke post crash fire traumatic blunt force injuries majority survivors seated class ahead wings passengers able walk structure cases got lost high field corn adjacent runway rescue workers arrived scene escorted safety passengers died smoke class died reasons smoke class seriously injured class minor injuries class injuries class passengers died reasons smoke seated rows passengers died smoke seated rows person assigned moved unknown seat died smoke crash survivor died days accident classified according regulations survivor injuries children including lap children seats board flight united children day promotion children including lap child died children traveled initially ignored cockpit compressed crash approximately waist high completely minutes crash discovered debris cockpit pilots alive inside recovered injuries returned work records dvorak returned months seriously injured returned months investigation national transportation safety board officials scene hours accident service years old mid life accident occurred rear section aircraft containing number engine intact investigators easily able inside engine number investigation apparent entire fan disk blade assembly engine number component approximately feet diameter missing accident scene despite extensive search weeks following crash missing disk blade assembly located realizing disk potentially held key understanding reasons engine failure engine manufacturer general_electric offered reward located disk fan blade october months crash farmer harvesting corn near iowa felt resistance combine getting investigate discovered fan disk number blades attached partially buried rest fan disk additional blades located later harvest investigators discovered fatigue crack disk air melted creates initiate fatigue cracks like found crash disk prevent fan disk formed double vacuum process raw materials melted vacuum allowed cool melted vacuum double vacuum process shaped like form inches diameter tested look defects defects located processed remove contamination remained later changed improved triple vacuum process investigation failing rotating engine parts contamination caused known hard alpha inclusion metal cracked fell final formed cavity microscopic cracks edges years crack grew slightly time engine powered brought operating temperature eventually crack grew large cause structural failure disk significant irregularities gaps aircraft engines suppliers manufacturing records crash disk noted report leave doubts origins crash disk records found accident indicated rough having serial number crash disk routed manufacturing records indicated supplied disk serial number crash disk records disk rejected unsatisfactory indication outside lab performed inspection disk disk subsequently returned disk scrapped report stated record claim material record credit processed records second disk having serial number crash disk indicate supplied research records showed parts manufactured period records indicate final finishing inspection crash disk completed december records indicate cut material airframe parts records accurate manufacture crash disk indicating initially rejected disk unsatisfactory indication crash disk engines like containing crash disk power civilian military aircraft time crash concerns accident large number service examined indications defects sister found defects like crash disk efficiency engines suspicion aided determination source crash disk chemical analyses crash disk intended determine source inconclusive report stated examined source records large number suspect means action based serial number disk fail intended effect suspect remain service report explicitly address impact operations military aircraft contained suspect disk cause investigation praising actions flight crew saving lives later identify cause accident failure united maintenance processes personnel detect existing fatigue crack probable cause report read follows national transportation safety board determines probable cause accident inadequate consideration given human factors limitations inspection quality control procedures united engine overhaul facility resulted failure detect fatigue crack originating previously defect located critical area stage fan disk manufactured general_electric aircraft engines subsequent catastrophic disk resulted liberation debris pattern distribution energy levels exceeded level protection provided design features hydraulic systems operate flight controls post crash analysis crack surfaces showed presence penetrating detect cracks maintenance presence indicated crack present detected prior inspection detection failure arose poor attention human factors united specification maintenance processes influence industry national transportation safety board investigation subsequent accident flight deemed training event involved factors practical level control possible precision achieved landing conditions stated highly random event noted circumstances flight crew performance highly greatly exceeded reasonable expectations manufacturing process changed order eliminate type served starting point crack newer use higher melting temperatures triple vacuum process attempt eliminate type aircraft control loss control surfaces difficult humans achieve researchers attempted integrate control ability computers fly wire aircraft early attempts add ability real successful software based experiments conducted flight jet engines usually modeled perfect devices exactly thrust engine linear relationship throttle setting thrust response input later computer models updated account factors planes successfully flown software installed newer aircraft designs douglas incorporated hydraulic section prevent total loss hydraulic fluid following accident installed number hydraulic system area number engine aircraft ensure sufficient control capability remained hydraulic system lines damaged tail area elevator rudder control lost able control aircraft pitch trim able control roll left right aircraft ideal situation system provides greater measure control available crew united possible lose hydraulic systems damage occurs nearly happened cargo takeoff main gear tire exploded wheel area damage left wing area caused total fluid loss number number hydraulic systems number system penetrated fuse protection hydraulic systems event exploding main gear tire children deemed young require seats lap children died smoke added safety recommendation list wanted safety improvements suggesting requirement children safely restrained removed november accident sparked campaign led united flight senior flight attendant jan brown children seats aircraft longer wanted list aircraft restraints children recommended practice required asked international civil aviation organization requirement september accident prime example successful crew resource management aviation history captain considered final authority crews respect captain expertise question began change 1970s especially airport disaster crew resource management considering captain final authority instructs speak detect problem instructs captains listen concerns united instituted crew resource management class early 1980s later credit training valuable success united crew handling emergency crew resource training mandatory aftermath accident factors contributing survival rate people aboard killed crash survived captain later told contributing factors time day allowed greater number passengers surviving accident occurred daylight hours good weather accident occurred shift change occurring regional trauma center regional burn center city allowing medical personnel treat injured accident occurred iowa air national_guard duty gateway airport allowing trained personnel assist evacuation injured things said sure fatality rate lot higher captain credited crew resource management factors saved life preparation paid crew called cockpit resource management kind worked concept captain authority aircraft said goes lost captain isn smart thought listen said wouldn know talking years flying experience cockpit trying airplane ground minute actually practised know getting airplane ground conditions hadn let everybody input wouldn eastern air lines flight crash similarly sized lockheed relatively shallow angle descent likely played large relatively high survival rate national transportation safety board concluded circumstances safe landing virtually impossible notable survivors bailey subject famous photograph showing colonel dennis nielsen carrying year old survivor safety brother survived crash mother statue city development based picture memorial commemorates rescue efforts city community following crash features areas tree lined approach plaques describing accident bailey editor chief surface magazine contributor new_york_times magazine graduate columbia_university graduate school journalism trustee museum lives new_york_city jerry radio announcer colorado denver major_league_baseball team radio announcer denver denver national_basketball_association basketball team wrote book united flight titled chosen live credited saving life child crash michael trainer kentucky derby favorite winner stakes winner union credited saving lives children crash family competed equestrian jumping summer olympics winning silver team jumping event games alfred captain united flight actions actions flight crew credited saving lives survivors returned flying recovering injuries continue fly captain reaching mandatory retirement age crew members passengers flight flew final flight public speaker soon accident giving speeches happened aboard flight continued retirement credits work helping healing process dennis pilot instructor helped captain fly united flight minutes said alive way describe died age battle brain cancer pete player hot band instructor way festival albany new_york area walked away crash young son wife took later flight festival gave personal account day events song day know release recording song published lyrics website jan brown united senior flight attendant forced regulation ask parents lap children aboard flight place children cabin floor flight final moments impact children died smoke dead child mother confronted crash scene lobbied washington new federal regulations requiring children seat belt flight depictions accident subject television movie thousand heroes known crash landing rescue flight featured episode seconds disaster national geographic channel investigates news channel history channel distributed documentary named portion episode originally aired january detailed events crash episode wing prayer survival sky title black box featured accident biography channel series survived explained detail events crash passenger jerry flight attendant jan brown pilot alfred known air crash investigation australia asia air emergency air disasters united_states produced hour crash entitled impossible landing episode crisis cockpit season episode planes crash weather channel featured accident play charlie victor romeo film dramatically incident flight deck voice recorder novel cold fire dean includes fictional crash based flight film fearless portrayed fictional air crash based crash flight survivor accounts dennis described experiences morris television person martha told story survival daughter law brittany npr morning edition january flight story disaster survival company isbn miracle inside survivor narrative joseph plus isbn world breaks heart spiritual ways living tragedy gregory chaplain national_guard relates stories survivors aided aftermath crash stock isbn similar accidents odds hydraulic systems failing simultaneously previously calculated high billion calculations assume multiple failures independent causes unrealistic assumption similar flight control failures occurred pan american struck approach light structures runway lifted runway san_francisco airport major damage belly landing gear resulted caused loss hydraulic fluid flight control systems fluid remained fourth system gave captain limited control elevator sufficient circle plane fuel dumped hard landing fatalities injuries lockheed operating eastern flight suffered similar failure tail mounted number engine engine inflicted damage hydraulic systems close tail structure fluid lost systems fourth hydraulic system impacted hydraulic pressure remaining fourth system enabled captain land plane safely limited use horizontal plus differential engine power remaining engines injuries august japan flight boeing suffered pressure bulkhead tail section caused damage faulty repair rear bulkhead seven years earlier air subsequently rushed bulkhead blew plane vertical hydraulic control systems pilots able plane airborne minutes differential engine power force vertical plane eventually crashed mountainous terrain survivors board accident deadliest single aircraft accident history operating flight crashed near shortly departing airport russia damage starter caused fire engine number located rear fuselage high temperatures fire destroyed tanks pipes hydraulic systems crew lost control aircraft plane speed knots hit ground dairy farm burned passengers crew ground died struck surface air missile shortly departing baghdad international airport iraq missile struck port wing fuel tank causing loss hydraulic systems flight controls disabled crew differential thrust execute safe landing baghdad turbine disc leading loss control direct cause major aircraft disasters poland march lot polish flight attempted crew experienced troubles gear indicator thrust applied low pressure turbine disc engine number material fatigue parts disc damaged engines number severed control horizontal vertical seconds descent aircraft crashed killing people board assembled engine number lot polish flight exploded cruise village causing shaft break caused low pressure turbine disc spin enormous speeds damaging engine number cutting control crew managed return warsaw trim control crippled aircraft final approach trim controlling links burned crew completely lost control aircraft soon crashed outskirts warsaw board perished plane stayed airborne seconds able reach runway


alfred alfred victor november march aviation pioneer aircraft designer contributed civilian military aviation seven years aviation industry responsible design development nearly commercial military known designing flying boats military racing record breaking series commercial cabin planes awarded pulitzer speed classic trophy founder companies general company aircraft company aircraft company worked general billy mitchell service united_states_army air service worked consultant companies douglas aircraft wright aircraft aviation spent sixteen years federal government primarily bureau retiring received honors awards including selection fellow institution national air space museum stamp issued postal service honor posthumously inducted michigan aviation hall_of_fame early life career born atlantic small town michigan upper peninsula november son victor child mother bought style box captured imagination started interest flight aviation began reading stories wright brothers newspapers magazines great interest later wrote received responses graduating adams township high school took correspondence course electrical engineering moved detroit michigan age worked electrical departments detroit company ford motor company hudson motor car company mind wanted learn fly william editor owner detroit news introduced july encouraged apply spring flight school instead went new_york february company located told wanted work apprentice drafting engineering shop agreed began aviation career excelled designer wanted attend flight school exhibition pilot applying passed times flying school went responded don want pilot pilots want want designers designer don know took active development flying boat america world war fame fall left company joined plane motor company new_jersey shortly joined thomas airplane company march returned detroit joined general company led design build specifications flying boat july married michigan children daughters betty son left general company executive engineer fisher body corporation supervised construction army service june joined engineering division army air service civilian based engineering division field ohio young engineer gained national prominence won pulitzer speed classic trophy held national air races roosevelt field new_york finishing planes achieving speed mph brigadier general william mitchell requested engineering division design light weight motorcycle air operate liaison army field units completed messenger design early lawrence aircraft company contracted build april messenger flight november later designated messenger plane notable small size simple construction inexpensive cost ideal testing experimentation national advisory committee pioneering aerodynamic research programs modified radio controlled messenger aerial torpedo developed apparatus messenger successful hook release december following world war capacity engineering advisor joined general billy mitchell aide lieutenant sailing trip europe december men toured france italy germany holland england order check european progress aviation research produced page report published army air service information circular general mitchell asked incorporate european developments observed produce plane army air service participation upcoming national air races resulting plane second plane utilize retractable landing gear incorporated features advanced time completion encountered challenges planned engine available instead use problematic wright engine major vibration issues competed national air races finished 5th place speed mph race able finally obtain engine installed based trials determined break world record march wright officially observing ground pilot lieutenant alexander pearson set world speed record mph lap course wright field national air races won pulitzer speed trophy mph air service awarded patents technologies airplane design mounting automatic gun mechanism aircraft companies left government service found aircraft company family detroit march awarded approved type certificate issued branch department commerce march total aircraft manufactured broke number speed endurance records placing ford national reliability air tour national air races chief designer company founding left establish aircraft company detroit company sought market planes wealthy private owner aircraft produced air coach passenger high wing debut detroit air sport trainer seat tandem united_states_army air corps purchased sport trainers designation tested different engine versions resulting designations bureau air commerce consulting joined branch department commerce branch bureau air commerce time served following roles engineer chief manufacturing engineering service finally assistant chief development section role chief manufacturing engineering service charge reviews issuing type certificates manufactured left government service consultant companies including douglas aircraft wright aircraft aviation company briefly returned bureau air commerce navy service retirement returning government service joined member naval technical mission europe later navy bureau bureau retirement technical advisor consultant director technical data division retired moved california died march heart attack age honors selected fellow national air museum honored certificates letters armed forces honorary fellow society experimental test pilots named elder statesman aviation national association elected fellow american institute posthumously inducted michigan aviation hall_of_fame national air space museum established fellowship competitive month residence fellowship researching history aviation boxes material estate housed air space museum facility cent united_states postal service stamp issued february bearing picture text aviation pioneer image low wing planes designed course seven years designing building planes contributed design development nearly different aircraft plane designed messenger permanent exhibition national air space museum center plane designed won place pulitzer trophy races june honored significant aircraft time popular mechanics featured stamp issued aircraft company famous plane contributed design america plane line planned flight interrupted flying boat general company flying boat passenger open cockpit flying boat hull wing constructed boat company detroit gamma open cockpit engine gamma similar gamma wheels twin replaced wheels winter operations ice lake military clark pursuit function fighter known built designated redesignated engineering division systems center signal corps post world war november september function racing crew engines november captain flying won pulitzer trophy race air_force base maximum speed miles hour air service messenger function messenger manufactured aircraft company plane exhibited national air space museum center participated pulitzer trophy races won place june honored significant aircraft time popular mechanics engineering division seat fighter designed alfred clark united_states_army air corps engineering division prototype built tested field primary trainer similar design sport trainer air corps wright engine wright engine engine wright trainer wright engine short military trial known aircraft company air coach passenger high wing cabin designed model warner engine model model diesel coach sport trainer plane storage institution system engine


air air norwegian airline based airport height mid-1980s onwards operated scheduled flights bergen trondheim copenhagen shorter periods norwegian international destinations airline employees annual passengers company established sole purchasing aviation school airport addition aviation college company operated charter services aircraft company split flying school airline taking passenger douglas subsequently bought places flown aid charters bangladesh later charter flights business jets proved quickly terminated company turned regular charter services bergen 1980s served routes scheduled flights seven passenger king air company converted limited company bought subsequently acquired passenger second european airline introduced new routes including international flights denmark united_kingdom took air company bought airport division started operations second base failed air eventually given free operations discontinued following year airline changed air remained subsidiary amalgamated history airline established working aviation school airport offered purchase school retired years earlier airport opened civilian sector decided establish company received government permission commercial flying started newspaper route oslo airport carry passengers single engined route continued onwards airport started offering scenic trips charter summer airline flew south coast activities involved crop forest airline provided target service military aircraft permanently tow target meters aircraft military personnel practice shooting target 1960s received concession regular scheduled flight oslo reason based held concession routes oslo landing rights hindered starting competing route eventually split activity aviation school renaming den remained operation activity renamed large based industrial company established air service owned percent shares air service company bought seat started charter services joined joint venture second aircraft bought traffic oil industry purchased passenger douglas safe leased sterling domestic international charter largest contract norwegian church aid contracted fly aid bangladesh airline failed money high operating costs sold year company followed purchasing seat citation business jet offered charter market market large jet sold main market charter services airport mainly serving transport personnel oil industry 1980s air daily round trips cities airline received concession start regular scheduled service seat super king air bought services started january services bergen airport started july soon daily round trips cities supplemented charter trips operated starting march experienced competition routes bergen busy bee contract safe started flights passenger operated round trip aircraft serving bergen started negotiations based seeking invest local airline decided start strategy spread risk time making money routes willing carry loss investment airline sold april time airline seven passenger king airs owned company changed sole limited company appointed managing director continued chief pilot air july opened international route copenhagen airport denmark concessions limitation aircraft seats limitation lifted later year management started aggressive expansion applications concessions sweden oslo trondheim needed larger aircraft airline evaluated types including passenger company chose order passenger negotiations company realized difficult foreigners new aircraft delivered airline air company joined joint venture commuter service norwegian regional coast center intention create cooperative company compete market group lawyer stated organizational structure regional years date group market shares growing market especially starting new niche direct services air second airline europe order air financed loans leased introduction airline started route trondheim airport airline costs doubled income bank chief bank took managing director state art technology purchase new aircraft reduce maintenance costs reality air sufficient maintain aircraft particular lacked sufficient electronic expertise increase electronic components aircraft aircraft sold company established duty free shop air losing nok million year company established route airport london airport profitable quickly terminated air started route airport oslo bergen november route turned terminated june company lost nok million route develop company air bought based airline operated flights airport hour drive bergen trondheim seven types aircraft losing large amounts money norwegian ministry transport communications covered losses state regional routes purchase caused internal organization conflict organizations operations merged air rest sold went bankrupt air showed interested purchasing large owners interested selling air bought group october chief executive officer ceo chairman fired group decided integrate shipping oil related activities group investments including air sold closed time air employees air ceo contact ceo try convince purchase air time solely occupied flying regional routes company interested having non routes better operations largest owners scandinavian system safe want purchase air largest owner fred liked idea bought safe percent stake deal possible possible negotiated air sterling jan owner line airline employees annual passengers february air board decided start termination process sale employees agreed cut wages percent sick days sales process main difficulties sales process afford purchase air hangar airport intended continue operations year establish base fear airline municipalities owned majority airport agreed purchase hangar built nok million nok million half hangar rented nok year insufficient cover nok million annual interest costs took air free charge changed company air company kept subsidiary avoid cross routes started negotiations busy bee agreed lease busy bee exchange busy bee terminating route air decided profitable fly terminated services starting october airline started route airport london route terminated year later sold norwegian air shuttle air merged ceased exist merger phased replaced canada dash aircraft destinations following list destinations served air regular scheduled services includes city country airport period airline served airport denoted dagger


japan japan ltd pink flag carrier airline japan second largest country headquartered tokyo japan main tokyo international airport tokyo international airport airport osaka international airport osaka international airport group companies include japan air express japan air commuter japan air air commuter domestic services cargo cargo mail services group operations include scheduled non scheduled international domestic passenger cargo services destinations countries worldwide including group fleet aircraft fiscal year ended march airline group carried million passengers million tons cargo mail japan air express japan air members airline alliance established national airline japan decades service expansion airline fully airline merged japan air system japan largest airline sixth largest airline world passengers carried japan currently official sponsor japan football association japan national football team pulse largest airline japan main competitor history regulated era founding japan air lines established august government japan recognizing need reliable air transportation system help japan grow aftermath world war airline founded initial capital million headquarters located tokyo august airline operated flights douglas leased philippine october japan post war domestic airline service inaugurated martin aircraft named crew leased northwest august diet japan passed japan air lines company act forming new state owned japan air lines october assumed assets private predecessor network extended northward tokyo westward osaka february airline began international flights carrying passengers tokyo san_francisco douglas city tokyo wake island honolulu flights tokyo san_francisco flights commemorate international service early flights advertised operated american crews serviced united air lines san_francisco airline addition douglas douglas martin operated douglas douglas 1950s flew hong_kong okinawa having domestic network tokyo osaka hong_kong route extended singapore able fly nonstop seattle tokyo jet era airline took delivery jet douglas named introducing jet service tokyo honolulu san_francisco route went operate fleet retiring type flew maintenance training platform nose section stored airport eventually public display sky museum march began flying seattle hong_kong end flights tokyo seattle copenhagen london paris anchorage alaska los_angeles san_francisco honolulu hawaii 1960s flew new cities including moscow new_york flights europe anchorage started flights europe india started initially japan air lines headquartered tokyo building tokyo time half revenue generated routes united_states airline lobbying united_states fifth freedom rights fly routes east_coast route extended east san_francisco new_york november london flights san_francisco london ended december agreement operate joint service tokyo moscow soviet flight crew included member cabin crew members weekly flight started april schedule min moscow tokyo min return system called aviation constitution enacted japanese government granted flag carrier status operate international routes airline designated operate domestic trunk routes competition domestic signing civil air transport agreement china japan april caused suspension air routes taiwan japan april new subsidiary japan asia established august air services countries restored september 1970s airline bought boeing boeing douglas growing routes japan countries 1980s airline performed special flights crown prince crown princess japan pope john paul japanese prime ministers introduction dedicated government aircraft boeing operated japanese air_force japanese air_force decade airline introduced new boeing boeing boeing jets fleet retired boeing douglas started flights rio_de_janeiro anchorage san_juan changed los_angeles new_york john kennedy international airport airline operated fifth freedom flights new_york vancouver mexico_city era japan began considering airline late 1970s government announcing abandoning system japan completely japan japan air system permitted compete domestic international routes increased competition resulted changes airline corporate structure reorganized divisions international passenger service domestic passenger service cargo including mail service japan began 1990s flights evacuate japanese citizens iraq start gulf war october japan air charter established september agreement disney company japan official airline tokyo express established april boeing aircraft 1990s airline encountered economic difficulties stemming united_states united_kingdom plus domestic following years profit airline began post operating losses cost cutting including formation low cost express domestic subsidiary transfer tourist operations successor japan air charter helped return airline airline flew japanese prime minister peru help negotiate japanese embassy hostage crisis japan placed orders boeing 1990s allowing fleet renewal participating boeing design process shaping design specifications merger japan air system japan agreed merge october established new holding company called japan system forming new core group aircraft changed match design new group time merged group sixth largest world passengers carried april changed japan international changed japan domestic flight codes changed flight codes check refitted aircraft gradually june parent company japan system renamed japan corporation following merger companies operated brand japan international japan domestic japan japan domestic primary responsibility large network japan flights international operated international trunk domestic flights october japan international japan domestic merged single brand japan international airline applied join october japan claimed membership best interests airline plans develop airline group strong commitment provide best customers japan royal joined alliance april april merged operations subsidiary japan asia mainline operations operated group flights japan taiwan separate entity special political status taiwan restructuring japan suffered steep financial losses despite remaining asia largest airline revenue result airline embarked staff cuts route effort reduce costs carrier received billion credit line japanese government year september japan ministry land infrastructure transport tourism formed task force aimed aiding corporate turnaround examined cost cutting strategic partnership proposals proposal considered merge create single larger international airline replace japan international media reports suggested proposal opposed given comparatively better financial performance independent carrier task force examined possible partnerships foreign carriers weeks speculation applied protection corporate rehabilitation law japanese equivalent administration united_kingdom chapter bankruptcy filing united_states january receive billion cash injection debts worth billion waived exchange cut capital zero cut routes reduce workforce employees total main creditors corporate bank bank tokyo banking corporation originally objected bankruptcy declaration changed mind enterprise turnaround initiative corporation japan recommended court protection according senior bank official shares tokyo stock exchange february founder took ceo transport minister personally visited headquarters late order persuade accept position task force leader believed necessary appoint proven entrepreneur ceo order fix problems japan air commuter president promoted president began increase passenger numbers year year august reported cut jobs workforce end march whilst increasing capacity attempt business viable rivalry delta american ultimately exited bankruptcy remaining alliance seriously considering accepting strategic investment delta air lines joining alliance period september february talks members air france korean air potential involvement delta deal favored ministry land infrastructure transport tourism delta extensive global network largest japanese operation foreign airline inherited merger northwest supported transaction air france company american american planned team alliance members british joint offer british said attempting persuade remain delta american ceo said american remained committed partnership japan long remained major international carrier reiterated encouragement stay ceremonies welcome alliance interview january president stated preference forming partnership delta american reported shortly japanese government backed enterprise turnaround initiative corporation likely choose form business capital tie delta enter reduce international flight operations favor code share agreements delta american begun procedures end negotiations american denied report wall_street_journal reported american raised investment offer million billion separate comments press delta president said delta willing able raise additional capital party resources filed bankruptcy media reports leave favor president said february new leadership seriously reviewing issue scratch influenced previous discussions decision alliance partner soon february news outlets reported decide alliance american end talks delta officials according reports decided switching alliances risky hinder ability turn quickly days later officially announced strengthen partnership american including joint application immunity routes airline relationship partners alliance post bankruptcy developments emerged bankruptcy protection march july selected holdings morgan stanley sale equity stake amounts dates january announced intent list shares tokyo stock exchange initial public offering largest offering japan year airline completed 1st section tokyo stock exchange september enterprise turnaround initiative corporation japan sold holdings billion greater billion investment times post increase stock close following exit bankruptcy protection began new partnerships alliance joint venture american commenced april formed japan low cost carrier joint venture subsidiary july british parent company international group submitted applications japanese government european_union respectively seeking joint venture business operation flights japan europe applied join july conjunction starting new nonstop service corporate affairs identity organization addition operations airline owns domestic feed supplement mainline flights air regional jet services tokyo osaka express low cost jet services secondary cities japan air commuter services western japan mainly including islands japan air jet services okinawa islands air commuter services okinawa islands airline international subsidiary handled low yield flights resort destinations hawaii oceania southeast_asia inc established airline business handles work company including selection merchandise flight meals supplies blue sky shops aircraft fuel components cabin services flight duty free merged trading january unify support operations group cargo brand airline group freight service member wow cargo alliance following products speed general cargo dangerous goods fiscal year ended march cargo division carried tonnes freight domestically tonnes freight internationally april airline changed trade japan international ltd japan ltd headquarters headquarters building located isle tokyo floor building project corporation building underground levels land area square metres floor area square metres divisions including consulting hotels located building building houses japan office american known building japan headquarters building originally established headquarters tokyo japan air lines headquartered tokyo building tokyo stated japan worked closely japanese government people referred tokyo building branch office transport ministry june construction completed building july moved headquarters building flight operation center building began september holding company japan system carrier merging established october head office company japan system tokyo august headquarters moved maintenance center building november headquarters moved building originally building owned japan trading owned subsidiary owned building building sold real estate billion contract date december date march subsidiary time headquarters building group employees moved building july moved august logo basic called crane circle image japanese red crown crane wings extended flight logo created jerry creative director constantine san_francisco advertising agency japan earliest days airline arranged buy new decided create new official logo inauguration jet service worldwide creation logo inspired personal families book given japanese found pages including crane choice crane writes faith perfect symbol japan air lines found crane myth positive mates life loyalty flies high miles strength use replaced called arc sun featured motif rising sun colored background strong supporter expresses support having support logo aircraft following corporate restructuring japan returned classic logo starting april boeing remaining aircraft arc sun special known adopting special boeing carries soccer boeing jet featuring famous japanese baseball player airline boeing expo aircraft aircraft fleet carry japan logo supporting visit japan campaign late japan began boeing featuring japanese actor television series main character known featuring tokyo tokyo official airline tokyo disney resort sponsor attraction star jets related past star jets fleet old feature variation current ride vehicles time aircraft painted special fleet entirely boeing aircraft painted aircraft tropical influenced titles aircraft charter flights holiday destinations pacific hawaii marketing resort charter planes known super resort express april debuted boeing special promote entry global airline alliance previously aircraft carried television single boeing green red arc tail green airplane fuselage named jet highlight company efforts reduce environmental impact commercial aviation promote new album calling live concert tour okinawa japan released officially july replaced special september conjunction album songs commercial introduced new featuring members aircraft flight day september branding associates created brand identity japan japan air system merged tokyo office worked create new brand identity decided use arc sun image 2000s began april completed april brand identity firm designed specific items changed branding april original brand destinations japan serves international destinations asia americas europe oceania excluding airline international tokyo international airport airport osaka international airport osaka international airport airline group serves domestic destinations japan fiscal year ended march airline introduced increased services international routes including tokyo new_york osaka shanghai ceased operations international routes including tokyo osaka domestically suspended routes including okinawa additionally airline expanded alliance fellow partners like american british pacific including air france china eastern partnerships agreements japan agreements joint business agreements following members apart partners airline following fleet passenger japan operates mixture wide body aircraft airline provides economy class service routes class service cabin larger seats major domestic routes premium economy international routes executive class business class long haul short haul international routes class long haul domestic routes boeing fleet counting boeing japan customer code example boeing ordered new japan bears model july japan operates boeing fleet aircraft fleet gallery photo view label detail fleet notes boeing customer code japan international pre merger aircraft domestic aircraft airline operates abreast seating economy cabin japan domestic fleet december selected boeing generation medium size aircraft fleet airline seeking firm deliveries options joined launch customers involved aircraft future development airline later increased firm order aircraft april japan received boeing aircraft boeing march june airline confirmed order new boeing aircraft powered general_electric high bypass engines freighter passenger models valued approximately million list prices delivered february reported airline considering new unit boeing direct competitor medium size aircraft market japan spokesman stephen said taken look far adding aircraft fleet future goes think strong candidates ordered aircraft october firm orders plus options cargo cargo ended dedicated freighter aircraft operations october years service operated propeller jet aircraft years recently boeing including aircraft converted passenger freighter configuration boeing limited cargo activity maintained passenger aircraft lower deck holds fleet history airline douglas bird operated final flight japan flight hong_kong international airport international airport october aircraft originally introduced service april addition airline operated douglas flights october aircraft operated japan flight hong_kong international airport international airport touched aircraft operated japan flight international airport international airport touched marked flight airline ending years operations model airline phased boeing financial year operated boeing classic jet flight honolulu international airport international airport july years service airline group aircraft met arrival father joseph joe nasa shuttle carrier aircraft airline retired boeing march flight flight honolulu international airport international airport ending years service boeing aircraft previously service japan order cargo operated freighter versions boeing douglas services cabin classes new cabin introduced new international executive class seats suite class featured seat percent solo configuration shell flat neo seat executive class seasons slightly revised version original shell flat seat wider seat expanded center console world flight photo art exhibit sky gallery seats premium economy seats debuted japan flights operated tokyo new_york route august expanded tokyo san_francisco route september tokyo chicago los_angeles october new cabin flights asian destination new cabin shell flat neo seat installed boeing aircraft premium economy economy seats taking rest aircraft cabin purpose improve income yield passenger reducing fuel cost passenger mile utilizing efficient aircraft available debuted new versions economy premium economy seats called sky premium sky wider economy respectively sky premium seats found select soon feature width sky shell seats larger seat pitch larger compared pitch sky shell seats sky wider economy seats found select select feature seats inch width totaling seat pitch width compared pitch width standard economy seats plus larger screen newer feature new version sky wider seats called sky wider feature width totaling seat pitch width dense setup instead setup commonly economy cabin international services airline international services existing feature fully class solo executive class seasons shell flat seat seat premium economy sky shell seat economy class class solo fully features genuine leather italy executive class seasons shell flat seat lie flat design ability lower height seat premium economy recent addition introduced tokyo london route december features shell shaped seat allows passengers sliding seat forward having seat japan domestic services japan domestic services airline offers class class executive class economy class class seat premium genuine leather seat width seat pitch class features designed seats promote allowing passengers naturally maintain balanced posture plans begin domestic fleet leather seats flight wireless internet service flight entertainment magic magic flight entertainment system supported entertainment network features latest hit movies videos games audio programs generations magic system magic magic magic iii magic new magic installed boeing selected boeing routes introduced december magic iii system provides audio video demand entertainment passengers number movie music video game channels magic iii doubled installed seats boeing aircraft aircraft magic magic movies automatically start system turned aircraft reaches cruise level economy class passengers tune watch movie progress movies restart completion executive class passengers control magic systems duty free shopping catalogue including flight crew recommendations video specials available flight magic feature entertainment magic iii touch screen controller ports easier control introduced selected boeing routes late october magic iii system internationally boeing seat older internationally boeing seat boeing older boeing solo suite class shell flat seat neo business class magic internationally boeing newer look seat uses inch magic system deploying fleet selected boeing seat shell flat neo seat getting newest followed refurbished boeing aircraft selected boeing aircraft including seat magic new seats classes aircraft cameras international flights plane cameras available wings belly tail aircraft taxi takeoff ascent descent landing docking phases flight cabin automatically tune video camera outside aircraft provide pilot vision passengers additional media airline group magazine reflecting company motto dream prior merger magazine called winds group magazines provided promotion june august executive class passengers offered use nintendo specially manufactured air travel wireless capabilities removed order conform airline safety standards flight catering japan offers meals intercontinental routes depending cabin class destination flight length western japanese menu selections typically offered including seasonal menu selections varied destination special meal offerings requested class booking including children religious vegetarian meals lounge lounge named japanese word cherry japan signature lounge addition airline operates following international including class lounge lounge annex lounge domestic including diamond premier lounge lounge access depend class travel membership status mileage bank global club lounge offers complimentary including juice drinks coffee tea mineral water alcohol drinks variety reading materials available major local sports newspapers weekly magazines economy books business services include public phones copy machines connect personal computer internet communication wire wireless available mileage bank mileage bank travel rewards program group including japan express japan air japan air commuter air system air commuter program airline partners include partners air france china eastern airline frequent offers fly program frequent service status program global club exclusive club designed experienced travelers program membership fee mileage valid day 36th month following month flight transaction date addition member accumulate mileage months member member account remains inactive zero mileage consecutive month period withdraw cancel membership member fly program fly program frequent service status program divided membership levels crystal premier diamond based member travel calendar year additionally minimum group flights eligible fare classes required members earn fly points eligible fare classes group member member eligibility membership renewal upgrade membership year higher members provided increased travel benefits bonus mileage additional baggage priority boarding airport lounge access phases fly program service benefits begins months following qualification membership begins april following year membership valid march second year following membership qualification crystal crystal level achieved retained member earns fly points boarding flights minimum fly points services benefits months membership qualification include priority percent bonus mileage airport lounge access japan domestic flights lounge mileage priority check executive class international flights priority baggage class group domestic flights piece extra baggage priority boarding international flights priority airport standby class upgrade class mileage services benefits april following year include upgrade points complimentary flight upgrades crystal membership level equivalent tier status members benefits travelling member airline level achieved retained member earns fly points boarding flights minimum fly points additional services benefits members months membership qualification include percent bonus mileage lounge access guest flying group airline flights priority check class international flights japan domestic flights priority baggage pieces extra baggage access fast security lane additional services benefits members april following year include upgrade points complimentary flight upgrades members invited join dedicated cater experienced travelers membership level equivalent tier status members benefits travelling member airline premier premier achieved retained member earns fly points boarding flights minimum fly points additional services benefits premier members months membership qualification include mileage suspension membership period class diamond premier lounge access guest flying group airline flights priority check class priority boarding international domestic flights additional services benefits premier members april following year include complimentary lounge upgrade points complimentary flight upgrades complimentary hotels night stay passes century club flower gift premier membership level equivalent tier status members benefits travelling member airline diamond highest membership level fly program mileage bank diamond level achieved retained member earns fly points boarding flights minimum fly points additional services benefits diamond members months membership qualification include percent bonus mileage seat award tickets double mileage additional services benefits diamond members april following year include upgrade points complimentary flight upgrades complimentary hotels night stay century club membership diamond membership level equivalent tier status members benefits travelling member airline global club global club exclusive club dedicated catering group experienced valuable travelers membership available members earned fly points boarding flights minimum fly points addition membership enrolled club club gold club membership payment annual fee lifetime membership given long time qualifying member continues pay annual fee tier status member depend fly program membership levels following exception members automatically attain status enrollment regardless number fly points accumulated previous calendar year benefits include bonus miles group eligible flight flown year lounge access guest priority baggage pieces extra baggage priority check leather baggage annual gifts calendar diary exclusive use member designated hotels addition club club gold club holders receive percent flight bonus mileage popular culture japan focus television programs japan years dramas revolving cabin attention drama followed story young girl joins cabin attendant overcoming difficulties remade attention starring joins class cabin attendant nominees later graduates action story series takes place flight operations headquarters series specials original marking main character transition international operations 1980s focus drama entitled featured young girl training cabin attendant 1990s featured commercials celebrities including janet_jackson danced sang backdrop rotation airline mentioned shown anime movie boeing bird flight london shown beginning live action version prince tennis movie company internal processes prior crash japan flight reaction accident subject book japanese movie albeit company fictionalized national


oslo airport oslo airport norwegian oslo main airport serving oslo eastern norway june october replaced oslo airport area redeveloped airport located kilometres city center metre metres capacity aircraft airport aircraft movements passengers airport served hub scandinavian system safe served international destinations limited terminal runway capacity intercontinental charter royal norwegian air_force retained offices airport opened combined sea land airport serving domestic international destinations replaced land airport sea airport taken german luftwaffe civilian air services began taken norwegian civil airport administration airport metres gradually expanded north south runway finally east west current length year terminal moved south final location large scale expansion terminal 1980s facilities time closing airport consisted single terminal satellites domestic international service building stories arrival departure administration airplane capacity airport craft planes parked international terminal served passengers walk outdoors domestic planes airport square metres square metres public main hall terminal murals preserved largest square metre arrival departure completed covered stories north airport located main terminal offices air_force fred main hangar safe mechanical facilities fred fire station facilities located main radar center terminal buildings built early 1960s intact closing airport people worked worked including ground services airport administration employees including administration air control fire fighters maintenance remaining people worked public offices including police customs service employees working private companies involved passenger services main metres east west runway secondary metres north south main runway ordinary weather conditions north south runway strong winds north general aviation helicopters ambulance aircraft main runway equipped instrument landing system category ordinary weather conditions flights soon possible divert southwards oslo avoid noise pollution residential areas necessary direct approach eastwards westwards oslo air traffic control center oslo located responsibility oversee air traffic southeastern norway bordering north west halfway stockholm east denmark south located peninsula transport airport needed branch motorway european route allowed access airport station line served local regional trains including services oslo central station addition oslo offered bus transport airport including limited number services extended airport coach connected airport city center destinations airport aircraft movement passengers making busiest airport country served main hub safe main prior april air transport norway restricted received concession ministry primary domestic routes traffic split safe services trondheim monopoly bergen northern norway safe monopoly primary airports southern norway monopoly regional state supported routes served following norway joining european economic area airline industry allowing airline member country domestic international flights norway available slots morning evening rush hours limiting number new routes established offer slots new establish competing routes wanted domestic services provided safe bergen trondheim remaining domestic airports served incumbent addition air offered services international services provided destinations international flights amsterdam brussels copenhagen frankfurt london manchester munich new_york nice paris stockholm safe offered international services london newcastle stockholm offered flights frankfurt hamburg munich european provided services main included moscow air france paris charles air malta tap air portugal lisbon london milan british london dan air london delta air lines new_york madrid barcelona amsterdam lot polish warsaw pan new_york brussels history background aviation oslo started sweden exhibition flights fields following norwegian army decided needed military land airport established outside oslo airport served main airport norway 1930s main base newly established norwegian army air service place air services norwegian airline established plans start flying trondheim following year civil aviation discussed norwegian parliament time wanted start seaplane routes oslo applied state allowed lease hectares acres island years oslo port authority recommended application denied negotiations state purchase island seaplane services interfere ship traffic ministry recommended year lease sam member parliament recommended state responsible airports suggested state owned seaplane airport built money granted construction airport airport opened served late 1920s early 1930s politicians satisfied solution considered far away city center kilometres mainline railway travel needed ferry politicians wanted combined seaplane airport clear serving interfering ship traffic committee established look matter considering locations detail surveys places located southeast city center southwest construction time area lumber mill located southern tip received coach service grown single dwellings kilometres northeast town railway station line committee decided purchase hectares acres northern peninsula solution expensive yield larger airport better landing conditions formal decision build airport taken municipality oslo built airport having bought land municipality construction serve work creation unemployed workers selected based long unemployed number people family need greatest winter construction winters normal hour week year introduced cubic metres rock garbage oslo fill swamps depressions delays plans changed built metres long metres long airport equipped control tower administration building hangar workshop service building docks constructed kilometre south east shore peninsula domestic norway applied state subsidies operate routes applied year concession nok annual fly oslo amsterdam continuing northwards applied nok year year concession seaplane routes oslo bergen bergen trondheim applied nok year route bergen copenhagen oslo following year parliament passed long term plan construction airports located oslo bergen trondheim case municipalities purchase land build airport state investments high cost burden municipalities airport airport operational time opened opening war aircraft september flown scheduled route captain continued try new airport april seaplane section came regular use seaplane operated copenhagen official opening june aircraft land official opening douglas operated amsterdam departure danish airline took copenhagen captain mistake took parking space instead runway addition routes started flights germany flew amsterdam fall flew perth scotland oslo stockholm route soon canceled invasion norway nazi_germany april german luftwaffe aircraft landed attempt civilian airport authorities hinder driving cars runway german aircraft collided landing aircraft scheduled service morning captain ordered leave passengers crew return oslo april airport bombed british royal_air_force april captain granted permission fly amsterdam crew albeit passengers german military heavily war strategic importance located far battle zones war airport officially remained owned municipality orders german authorities main north south runway expanded metres facilities built completed war main north south taken use north end runway luftwaffe built prison camp prisoners free snow winter marching snow german forces ousted norway airport taken allies royal norwegian air_force civilian operation air_force started flying commercial flights addition previous lines route started northern norway terminated winter lack qualified personnel international services terminated early management airport transferred municipality technological development aviation war runway needed expanded metre runway sufficient douglas aircraft insufficient larger douglas american overseas north_america routes british european route london transferred oslo airport expansion november established restaurant airport launched plans expand north south runway metres taking use peninsula addition wanted second east west runway built state took ownership airport compensation albeit clause airport close real estate returned municipality airport candidate intercontinental travel state committee decided instead shared committee established recommended airport services oslo region concentrated new motorway built airport politicians planners main dominated political circles stated close proximity city center key reaching market oslo growth second emphasized long run fulfill requirements central airport better location established following political processes north south runway extended metres completion intercontinental traffic moved overseas scandinavian system established swedish year established south american far_east safe started charter flights civilian route operated started route oslo amsterdam march april operated route copenhagen followed week later route london route stockholm fourth copenhagen started routes trondheim later onwards started direct service copenhagen october routes established amsterdam brussels paris finally route started copenhagen passengers flew company operated started flights year british european transferred london route bought short flying boats service coast flying coastal express remained service proved expensive operation safe introduced scheduled flights long haul flights far_east stops amsterdam geneva rome cairo bombay calcutta arriving hong_kong following establishment scandinavian system international concessions transferred company safe started domestic services kept existing concessions international routes safe domestic service airport later route trondheim operated aircraft trondheim route flown quickly transferred current airport started flights work started expanding north south runway metres building new east west runway metres year new commission established recommended east west runway expanded metres north south runway metres local residents politicians opposed expansion plans county council voted ministry chose expand east west runway metres leave north south runway untouched plans allow east west runway expanded metres future necessary north south runway difficult landing conditions residential areas north line ministry denied jet aircraft longer runway 1950s started safe took use companies later took use douglas started flights airport bergen airport safe started flights airport following year airport year saw trondheim flights land airport airport airport opened served safe stops terminated reinstated runway extended stops permanently terminated started flying direct flights introduced east west runway main runway runway expansion new service building capacity million passengers opened located half kilometer quarter mile south terminal designed odd stories arrivals departures wings domestic international flights included central hall view aircraft expanded facilities allowed use aviation jets copenhagen routes occasionally cramped quarters airports opened served airport airport airport following year started flights airport started flights hamburg later introduced services frankfurt munich 1960s introduced domestic routes 1970s douglas taken use pan american world flights new_york_city safe started taking delivery boeing gradually took domestic routes air france started flying paris respectively supplemented moscow route state committee recommended expanded larger share traffic time new main airport eventually built charter flights moved safe granted needed serve oslo airport july started serving domestic routes opening regional airport routes served canada twin later canada dash aircraft regular services airports introduced late 1970s introduction dash primary airports opened 1970s safe started flights airport airport airport started flights airport 1980s airport deemed small charter flights operated forced additional foreign services introduced brussels dan air london newcastle milan period reconstruction trans world served year pan american reintroduced route new_york air europe started fly london additional storey added service building allowing office space moved free space check traveler service main storeys satellites built domestic terminal safe allowing increased waiting area travelers international terminal expanded gate pier multi story parking house built air started serving following opening airport route closed year taken coast air route taken air safe started international scheduled service denmark years later company started flying newcastle dan air withdrawn route sweden year saw start norway started base offered flights london stockholm cooperation copenhagen cooperation sterling norway dan air went bankrupt safe started flights london terminated route safe introduced flights rome stockholm introduced international services berlin domestic international flights european_union number international services increased received air malta air portugal lot polish fly 1980s 1990s includes delta air lines northwest orient tower air domestically safe introduced flights bergen closing 1960s political debate started concerning new main airport built oslo eastern norway government report launched suggested surveys locations selected areas reserved future airport 1970s labour_party concerned located centrally relation growth areas oslo instead wanted use attempt force population growth north commercial interests supported parliament decided abandon plans continue divided solution expanded charter traffic moved international traffic moved making purely domestic airport increased traffic mid-1980s changed politician interests parliament voted build new main airport located oslo away new weather data showed unsuitable location discarded accusations data fabricated manipulate political decision parliament final vote started construction new airport mandated closure financing airport state loan issued limited company owned civil airport administration company build operate january took operation aircraft took october people spent night transporting equipment new airport opened morning october locals wanted regional airport oslo area proposal runway allow aircraft dash british use airport proponents argued similar role filled stockholm airport chicago midway airport opening strategic impact aviation norway despite market lack free slots impossible free competition new establish new international fly allowed happen august color air started flights oslo pressing prices domestic routes airline went bankrupt following year losses high taken gap filled norwegian air shuttle accidents incidents route stockholm crashed houses technical error aircraft people board killed ground dutch crashed approaching passengers plus crew died april vickers islands crashed approach people board killed december safe flight oslo crashed approach people killed people survived fatal accident deadliest air accident norway safe flight occurred june boeing safe route trondheim airport drunk student demanded talk prime minister minister justice plane landed eventually surrendered gun exchange beer injured incident


airport airport hebrew hate arabic known airport israeli airport located city named founder jacob airport located central area city route road handles domestic flights international flights operating instead international airport international flights aircraft handle relatively short runway use airport expected cease civilian operations new international airport airport operational history airport established israel air_force following israeli war independence early years airport aimed establish comprehensive set connections towns country notably consequently regular route airport ben international airport started soon route airport operational december following establishment israel largest domestic operator airport taking position companies day retain position later runway expanded passenger terminal built years later runway expanded increasing length airport started attract scandinavian international flight arrival danish airline sterling landed year international routes established directly linking europe airport unable handle landings large aircraft fly international airport peace agreement israel jordan decided operations supposed transferred airport airport original plan airport peace international airport agreement followed agreement countries march stipulated domestic flights continue use airport whilst action international flights took place august rocket fired jordan landed near taxi traveling yards airport perimeter fence august israeli military instructed airport cancel landings departures security assessment egypt peninsula fired rockets city recent years immediately clear reason closure airport today today airport peak loads concentrated saturdays sundays sundays flights handled period hours saturdays evening hours days passengers flights terminal counting highest peak loads worldwide category international passenger traffic decreased magnitude year late 2000s year 2010s airport capable handling boeing aircraft large numbers aircraft significant investment needed consequently largest aircraft regularly flying airport boeing main problem airport lack ramp space parking positions large aircraft result operates regular shuttle flights ben international airport carrying passengers world small size airport best illustrated fact boeing taxi past aircraft parking positions result controllers responsible ensuring valuable space utilised ensuring aircraft kept larger aircraft parked despite limitations airport successfully handles times traffic airports comparable size reason plans relocate airport important short term scale million renovation programme airport terminal runway undertaken designed sustain airport replaced near future future beginning 1990s authorities considered relocating airport approximately north area near numerous reasons idea primarily fact safety improved current location chance aircraft crashing buildings city reasons pure value land airport occupies fact airport dividing city parts hotels tourist areas residential buildings july israeli cabinet approved construction new airport built north runway longer runway allow large aircraft land airport open named israeli astronaut son died years later fighter jet crashed west bank destinations statistics