supreme_court indiana supreme_court indiana established article indiana constitution highest judicial authority state indiana located indianapolis court chambers north wing indiana december supreme_court indiana succeeded general court indiana territory state high_court long history court heard number high profile cases including state originally begun member judicial panel court underwent major reforms court reforms led majority supreme_court cases delegated lower courts enlarged panel justices employment large staff assist increases organization jurisdiction court consisted chief justice associate justices constitutional minimum indiana general_assembly increase number associate justices maximum total court justices board commissioners assists court administrative duties commissioners nominated judicial commission appointed governor court offices chambers located floor north wing indiana court maintains large legal library floor open public court original jurisdiction cases meaning hear cases appealed court having previously heard lower courts cases begin local circuit courts initial trial held jury decides outcome case circuit court decision appealed indiana court appeals indiana tax court hear case enforce lower court decision parties disagree outcome case appeal decision indiana supreme_court court choose hear case possibly previous judgment decline accept case uphold decision lower courts supreme_court indiana original sole jurisdiction certain specific areas including practice law discipline judges appointed lower state courts supervision exercise jurisdiction lower courts state court accepts case reviews documentation trials lower court allows oral arguments making decision cases justices issue decision hearing arguments base decision solely evidence submitted lower courts court order new trial place local court decision lower courts enforce decision uphold decision lower courts court commissions assist exclusive jurisdiction practice law indiana role board law determine character fitness general qualifications admitted practice law member bar supreme_court indiana disciplinary commission responsible investigating grievances filed members bar misconduct making disciplinary recommendations supreme_court commission continuing legal education develops continuing legal education requirements training standards attorney programs judicial commission responsible recruiting interviewing applicants fill indiana supreme_court court appeals tax court sends nominees vacancy governor judicial qualification commission investigates complaints judicial misconduct files charges appropriate commissions members chaired chief justice entire court takes annual judicial conference indiana attended state judges recommends improvements court state judiciary court responsible implementing laws passed indiana general_assembly affect judiciary division supreme_court administration staffed oversee fiscal management courts including payroll expenses addition division responsible maintaining court records assists administrative functions terms elections article indiana constitution term length supreme_court justices vacancy court new justice nominated variation missouri plan judicial commission list qualified nominees governor governor new justice list governor fails choose replacement days chief justice acting chief justice judicial nomination commission chief justice chief justice sitting associate justices year term chief justice court position chief justice vacant senior member court serves acting chief justice new chosen judicial commission chief justice serves chairman judicial commission justices appointed term potentially years new justice chosen serve years subjected retention election held statewide election following completion justice second year office justice listed ballot option retained rejected court retained justice serve remainder year term term completed justice process originally appoint remain court majority vote houses indiana general_assembly justice misconduct mandatory justice retire age seventy term incomplete qualification eligibility requirements nominated justice supreme_court established article indiana constitution candidate citizen united_states reside state indiana considered office candidate admitted practice law indiana years prior candidacy served judge circuit superior criminal court indiana years candidate indictment court united_states crime judicial commission ensure highly qualified public candidates available current justices history indiana supreme_court established indiana granted new court replaced general court indiana territory consisted member panel housed room building shared indiana legislature court held session state constitution governor appointed justices state senate advice consent term seven years december indiana governor nominated john johnson county james scott clark county aurora county serve panel judges indiana supreme_court johnson court chief justice johnson died named replace second chief justice court longest serving justice court history serving years months days recorded court early decisions work titled reports served years text interpretation state laws supreme_court relocated indianapolis rest state government initially court shared space second floor county courthouse moving indiana court given building lot number indianapolis remained moving present location fifth indiana court occupies entire north wing floor indiana supreme_court reorganized new state constitution position justice changed appointed position elected judicial terms changed years court size set minimum members court judges quickly overwhelmed increasing minimum increased members increased court remained minimum justices time general_assembly transferred law books indiana state library court create supreme_court law library library grew primary legal library state includes seventy thousand volumes court continued grow time general_assembly approved creation member panel commissioners assist justices administrative tasks handle load court indiana created handle cases lower importance court took small portion supreme_court responsibility gradually increased state constitutional amendments reorganized court constitution renamed court indiana court appeals formation court appeals supreme_court choose cases hear cases leave lower courts constitutional amendments lengthened judicial terms years changed limits size court minimum members maximum method selecting justices changed statewide election appointment governor amendment provided judicial commission choose candidates justices subject retention election addition office chief justice permanent previously title rotated justices indiana general_assembly created supreme_court division administration expanding role court landmark cases court heard cases major impact indiana set nationwide cases state court overturned circuit court decision tested slave ownership new state stating constitution intended total entire prohibition slavery resulted slaves indiana freed fall creek massacre case state hudson court upheld lower court finding crimes committed native americans american laws decision lead execution white man crimes natives jones case indiana state establish right defendant obtain court records free charge case established court governor veto proper veto procedures followed effect ruling pocket veto unconstitutional state adopt rule established case state prevented illegally obtained evidence submitted court william smith case heard court overturned indiana laws kind nation


indiana general_assembly indiana general_assembly state legislature legislative branch state indiana legislature consists lower house indiana house_of_representatives upper house indiana senate general_assembly meets annually indiana indianapolis members general_assembly elected districts realigned years representatives serve terms years senators serve terms years houses create bills bills pass houses submitted governor enacted law structure indiana general_assembly houses house_of_representatives senate indiana time legislature meet year round general_assembly tuesday monday january odd numbered years legislature meets days necessarily april numbered years legislature meets days necessarily march general_assembly days resolution approving passed houses governor authority general_assembly special session legislators unable complete necessary work time allotted regular sessions special sessions general_assembly rarely called state early history commonplace modern times general_assembly delegates elected districts years districts realigned general_assembly information census bureau ensure district roughly equal population maintained comply united_states supreme_court ruling indiana senate house_of_representatives committees charged overseeing certain areas state committees vary size members committees chaired senior members majority party senators representatives members multiple committees legislation begins committees responsibility area bill affect approved committee bill entered agenda debate vote chamber common bills voted house going committee process indiana legislators base annual salary plus day session committee hearing expense pay day terms qualifications article section indiana constitution states qualifications senator representative candidate citizen minimum years prior candidacy resident district seeks represent year senators years age representatives sworn office candidate hold public office state federal government term candidate registered voter district seek represent candidates required file papers stating economic interests article section state constitution places limitation size composition general_assembly senate contain members senators serve term years house_of_representatives contain members representatives serve terms years limit terms state senator representative serve checks checks built state constitution limit power general_assembly clauses allow general_assembly balance limit authority branches government checks governor authority veto bill passed general_assembly general_assembly turn veto simple majority vote houses bills passed super majority automatically law requiring signature governor bill law challenged state courts rule law unconstitutional effectively law general_assembly court decision state constitution include law general_assembly historically powerful branch state government dominating weak governor office governor gained power past years general_assembly retains power remove authority powers authority powers indiana general_assembly established state constitution general_assembly sole legislative power state government house initiate legislation exception senate permitted initiate legislation affect revenue bills debated passed separately house passed houses submitted governor law passed general_assembly applied uniformly entire state general_assembly authority create legislation targets particular community general_assembly empowered regulate state judiciary system setting size courts bounds districts body authority monitor activities executive branch state government limited power regulate county governments state sole power initiate process amend state constitution indiana law legislators arrested general_assembly session crime commit treason breach peace indiana senate indiana senate consists members elected year terms lieutenant governor indiana senate session casts deciding vote event tie senate president pro senator david long fort wayne senate republican super majority republicans holding seats senate offices located west wing second floor indiana senate chambers west wing floor indiana house_of_representatives indiana house_of_representatives consists members elected year terms speaker house term representative brian house_of_representatives republican majority seats democrats seats house offices located east wing second floor indiana house chambers floor history constitution indiana constitution ratified june election general_assembly took place august year convened original room located body consisted senators representatives sixteen indiana state constitution general_assembly began development institution today original constitution provided representatives served terms year senators served terms years permitted annual meeting assembly december march political party consequence indiana democratic republicans party broken divisions later split parties divisions mainly issue slavery develop differences later years party dominant beginning noble party favor slavery party generally neutral openly anti slavery noble party tried governor role negotiations treaty mary months debate house having destroyed evidence role house_of_representatives dropped investigation issued resolution confirmed position governor decades general_assembly laid foundation state created framework state public school system began construction state seminary roads southern state initially general_assembly faced low tax revenues response problem created bank indiana sold million acres public lands finance projects general_assembly relocated capitol indianapolis authorized construction dedicated 1830s split democratic republicans response national policies held strong majority general_assembly decade remnants old slavery party strengthened democratic_party swept power regained majority democrats maintained power middle american_civil_war general_assembly passed internal improvement act set plans motion state infrastructure wilderness northern central indiana slowly developed general_assembly approved construction roads canals railroads numerous infrastructure projects led state near bankruptcy late 1830s avoided general_assembly spun failing canals half debts private companies failure projects main factor whig loss power state constitution come considerable criticism beginning 1840s allowed government positions filled appointment problem method filling positions manifest advent state political parties power party stack government members making difficult minority regain power problem authority trivial issues delegated authorities example man divorce wife divorce bill approved general_assembly legally constitution new state constitution created ratified constitution new clauses extension terms representatives years senators years previously appointed positions open public election new constitution delegated minor tasks newly created elected offices workload considerably decreased instead meeting annually general_assembly convened session years new constitution placed new limits general_assembly power create local laws general_assembly having notorious creating state level laws applied town county new constitution led gradual erosion democratic majority republican_party established drew year general_assembly split party attaining majority democrats held seats republicans form majority control assembly result issues republicans agree major issues completely republicans gained seats largest party form majority year governor called special session general_assembly unable pass bill democrats regained small majority gaining votes election 1860s american_civil_war legislature scene intense debate beginning war general_assembly controlled southern sympathetic democrats governor oliver republican minority able prevent general_assembly meeting denying body members body arrested detained suspicions lack funding created crisis led near bankruptcy state republicans gained majority convened general_assembly remedy state funding problems 1880s 1890s indiana industry began grow rapidly indiana gas boom leading creation labor unions return democratic control general_assembly events occur period black day general_assembly situation arising governor gray desire elected united_states senate beginning state senate refusal seat new lieutenant governor fighting broke chamber spread shots fired democrats republicans threatened kill police bring situation control second bout violence broke regular session republicans locked doors house chambers preventing governor delivering veto bill repealed decade democratic legislation governor personally led fellow party members beating door unsuccessfully attempting fight way podium deliver vetoed bill newspaper said democrats republicans fought like forest decades general_assembly enacted series laws protect rights workers encourage industrial growth women suffrage movement began state rallies held indianapolis support female suffrage legislation ultimately voted general_assembly general_assembly indiana state enact legislation law remained effect law led forced thousands criminals ruled unconstitutional indiana supreme_court scandal erupted discovered indiana branch controlled half seats general_assembly session grand dragon boasted law indiana years federal government intervened convicted murder governor refused pardon indicted conspirators leading state government charged crimes removing power 1930s general_assembly established state general welfare programs help poor affected great depression general_assembly passed nation laws establishing blood alcohol level legal limit 1940s led african american elected indiana senate legislation public schools general_assembly established state sales tax percent revenues tax led host new projects state general_assembly passed indiana civil rights bill granting equal protection minorities seeking employment series constitutional amendments passed authorized general_assembly meet annually instead session indiana house_of_representatives split evenly parties time indiana history period negotiations parties agreed share majority powers alternating party controlled position speaker day general_assembly horse racing state governor called special session general_assembly budget passed regular session special session general_assembly passed budget operation state governor veto prevent general_assembly passed property tax reform legislation property taxes percent making indiana lowest property tax locations nation


lieutenant governor indiana lieutenant governor indiana constitutional office state indiana republican assumed office march incumbent office holder constitutional roles serve president indiana senate acting governor governor governor incumbent governor resign die office removed office lieutenant governors succeeded governors following deaths lieutenant governor holds statutory positions serving head state agricultural rural affairs chairman state committees annual salary lieutenant governor indiana lieutenant governor elected election ticket governor statewide election held years concurrent united_states presidential elections lieutenant governor die office resign succeed governorship constitution mechanism fill lieutenant governor office historically position generally remained vacant events attempt fill vacancy led outbreak violence state legislature known black day general_assembly requirements position lieutenant governor created adoption constitution indiana august position filled october election position retained current requirements established state second current constitution adopted lieutenant governor indiana candidate united_states citizen lived indiana period consecutive years election candidate thirty years old sworn office lieutenant governor hold federal office term resign position eligible sworn lieutenant governor taking office candidate swear oath office administered chief justice indiana supreme_court promising uphold constitution laws indiana succession lieutenant governor indiana serves acting governor governor state early history lieutenant governors serve acting governor governor away capital christopher harrison lieutenant governor serve acting governor negotiated treaties far capital governor dies office permanently lieutenant governor governor total lieutenant governors governor succession occurrence resigned congressman succeeded event governorship lieutenant governorship vacant constitution senate president pro governor historically governors appointed pro serve acting lieutenant governor practice ended early twentieth century constitution specify method fill vacancy lieutenant governorship attempt fill vacancy occurred winner election attempted seated senate erupted violence known black day general_assembly lieutenant governor elect sworn seated lieutenant governorship vacant reason including death resignation succession governor nominate replacement approved houses general_assembly authority constitutional lieutenant governor constitutional functions primary function serve president indiana senate senate lieutenant governor permitted debate legislation introduce legislation vote matters break ties presiding officer senate lieutenant governors partial control legislation considered influence legislative calendar special session called governor senate meets days years period leaving lieutenant governor free duties remainder year secondary function serve successor governorship vacant act governor necessary lieutenant governor succeed governorship office lieutenant governor president senate vacant duties taken senate president pro statutory majority powers exercised lieutenant governor statutory assigned indiana general_assembly additional powers granted lieutenant governor added office holder head state agricultural commission office powers expanded include office community rural affairs indiana housing community development authority office energy defense development office tourism development head office committees lieutenant governor controls patronage positions permitted fill appointment important positions filled lieutenant governor include members corn marketing council main street council steel advisory commission indiana film commission addition committees lieutenant governor participating member natural resources committee state office building commission air pollution control board water pollution control board solid waste management board annual salary lieutenant governor indiana set indiana general_assembly list lieutenant governors indiana lieutenant governors indiana indiana state democratic republican democratic whig republican independent living lieutenant governors indiana august lieutenant governors indiana currently living time oldest lieutenant governor indiana john served born recent death lieutenant governor indiana robert rock served born january recently serving lieutenant governor die frank september


norwegian police service norwegian police service norwegian norwegian civilian police agency consists central national police seven specialty agencies seven police districts government agency subordinate ministry justice public security employees police officers addition police powers service responsible border control certain civil duties coordinating search rescue operations counter terrorism highway patrolling writ execution criminal investigation prosecution police service dates 13th century appointed city norway trondheim chief police appointed oslo established police corps led national police commissioner odd police districts introduced current structure dating police district led chief police subdivided police stations towns cities offices rural areas governor acts chief police norwegian police officers carry firearms guns pistols locked patrol cars norwegian authority partially integrated police specialist agencies services include national criminal investigation service national authority investigation prosecution economic environmental crime national police immigration service national mobile police service norwegian border commissioner national police computing material service norwegian police university college national responsibilities command oslo police district emergency response unit police helicopters police security service separate national police history police force norway established 13th century originally predominantly writ execution degree police power cities duties originally taken care originally subordinate 14th century instead subordinate number increased cities police authority transferred directly century introduction absolute monarchy subsequent strengthening civil service importance police increased police structure superiors county governor receiving similar role chief police titled chief police hired trondheim creating police district jurisdiction covered city proper chiefs police hired bergen oslo 19th century deputies hired larger areas assist following ministry justice created primary responsibility organizing police force 19th century saw large increase number chiefs police reaching sixteen middle century established country corps gave force unified appearance similar structures soon introduced cities municipalities finance wages deputies difficult police use forces outside municipal borders organized education police officers started authorities decided abolish position decided tasks transferred resulted new chief police positions largely corresponding old received jurisdiction cities rural areas rural areas time existing police districts expanded include surrounding rural areas individual removed office natural retirement leaving place reform eliminated difference rural city police forces subordinate chief police police matters civil matters administration remained county governors police school established governor created increase police force flexibility municipal funding cut replaced state funding year saw specialty agencies created police surveillance agency later police security service mobile police service border agreement reached norway soviet_union norwegian border commission established following year criminal investigation service established search rescue system joint coordination centers sub centers police district created number police districts nearly constant closed organization police districts varied considerably especially cities particular cities civilian responsibilities taken care municipality confusing public resulting police services organization 1980s civil tasks organized police stations established administrative responsibilities sheriff offices transferred police districts order shoot kill issued hostage crisis police school university college introduced year education second campus opened police reform major restructuring police force national police created number police districts reduced police computing material service criminal investigation service established police officers killed service report following norway attacks criticized aspects police force labeling work unacceptable national commissioner withdrew following criticism internal report attacks found criticism police force structure national police located downtown oslo central administration norwegian police service conducts management supervision specialist agencies police districts including organizational development support activities led national police commissioner odd national criminal investigation service national unit works organized crime works assistant unit police districts special focus technical tactical investigation addition responsible organized crime acts center international police cooperation including participation national authority investigation prosecution economic environmental crime responsible complex cases economic crime acts public prosecutor cases national police immigration service registers identifies asylum returns applications rejected national mobile police service based operates country primary role highway patrol manages police reserves assist police districts extraordinary events extra manpower needed vicinity norwegian border commissioner located responsible managing norway russia border border agreement special consideration needed non area land border norway border controls responsibility respective police district national police computing material service responsible managing police information communications technology security real estate norway joint rescue coordination centers northern norway located southern norway located jurisdiction border goes parallel north border directly subordinate ministry justice police operations subordinate chiefs police respectively police security service norway security agency considered law enforcement agency subordinate national police norwegian police service metropolitan norway divided police districts district subdivided local police stations rural police districts led sheriff police district headquartered main police station led chief police police districts hold common pool resources personnel common administration budget joint operations center acts emergency center larger districts execution enforcement authority integrated smaller districts size police districts varies oslo employees covering population eastern employees residents districts specially trained mobile units armed challenging missions dog units search rescue missions police districts police boats coastal waters selected lakes focus driving influence speeding environmental monitoring police responsible monitoring supervising environmental supervision rural police districts local police stations execution enforcement authorities oslo police district series special divisions task forces provide aid police districts necessary responsible police helicopters traffic search rescue emergency response unit deployment unit terrorism sabotage hostage incidents separate crisis hostage negotiation service oslo dog patrol service includes national bomb squad departments mobile deployment squad demonstrations riots police negotiation unit use kidnapping mounted police responsibility protecting high ranking government royal officials regular police districts instead law enforcement handled governor holds responsibility county governor chief police holding authority granted executive branch duties include environmental policy family law law enforcement search rescue tourism management information services contact foreign settlements areas maritime inquiries judicial examinations albeit cases acting police jan subordinate police district jurisdiction capabilities norway unified police means single police organization police power prosecutor power granted agencies norway sole exception military police albeit jurisdiction military personnel military installations martial law police allow flexible resource allocation remaining political control police officers geographical sector limitations powers police act special laws regulate agencies officer powers responsibilities police required assist public institutions including healthcare authorities asked agencies assist necessary enact decision force conversely police ask assistance coast guard necessary police responsible responses terrorism sabotage norway armed attack responsibilities functions related security includes patrolling continual emergency availability highway patrolling sea patrolling coordination search rescue activities embassy security body guard service members government royal family need crime fighting responsibility split measures information observation controls measures investigation prosecution police duties related civilian court cases writ execution evaluation natural damage assisting courts functioning public police series functions related public management issuing firearms licenses police certificates withdrawal driving licenses approval security guard companies recommendations municipal councils issuing alcohol sales licenses approval second hand shops arrangements unlawful dealing dogs animals care people sentenced unsuitable hold animals police responsibility prisoner transport detention including transport court police serve border guards outer border area busiest oslo airport man years tied russian border airport borders designated border employees manned regular officers police responsible customs responsibility norwegian customs authorities norway series international police cooperation information system baltic_sea task force organized crime norway close cooperation police forces norwegian police service occasionally international operations police force assignments common assignments investigation cases reported deaths controls reports motor vehicle theft followed traffic assignments public disturbance peace animal cases theft private disturbance peace sickness seventy percent assignments solved single patrol ninety percent solved armed situations percent solved single patrol norwegian police service billion norwegian costs seventy percent wages employed man years man years residents reported offenses people percent solved debt settlements applications writ execution immigration cases forced returns investigation prosecution norwegian authority integrated norwegian police service authority divided higher lower authority higher authority public prosecutor separate government agency lower authority police prosecutor members police includes chief police deputy chief police police prosecutors deputy police prosecutors questions prosecution police districts subordinate norwegian authority matters subordinate national police higher authorities decisions criminal charges appeals norwegian authority led director general public director general makes decisions indictment cases maximum penalty years certain crimes subordinate agencies regional supporting respectively regional public prosecution offices decisions cases covered director general police prosecutors offense filed issue investigated police duty permission search seizure issued police prosecutor duty police district people permitted free defense counsel public expense police wish people detention issue brought relevant district court process repeated times custody needs extended investigations led police prosecutor investigation case concluded non criminal offense dismissed transferred police district minor cases positive finding resolved police penalty notice settlement conflict resolution board withdrawal prosecution criminal cases assumed sent public prosecutor consider issuing indictment positive trial place district court police prosecutor presiding case cases years maximum penalty normally carried public prosecutors party specified terms appeal outcome case court appeal ultimately supreme_court norway education employment education police officers responsibility norwegian police university college subordinate national police main campus located oslo secondary campus located addition college training centers police officer training year bachelor degree year place college second year ground training police districts people applied places college admission norwegian universities colleges admission service college year time master degree police science chief police deputy chief police authority candidate law act position longer formal requirement education role prosecutor effectively holding position time graduation officers qualified operational service employee undergo hours yearly training including firearms practice operational certification patrol use firearms participate actions percent police officers lacked certification main reason police districts waste resources train investigation administrative staff participate operative duty higher quality achieved tasks dedicated investigation personnel police district operational personnel higher training instance hours required oslo officers certified levels use firearms level consists unit police district consisting combined people requires hours special training year higher levels required body guard service officers emergency response union officers certification curriculum developed organized university college norwegian police federation trade union employees levels police force federation member confederation unions professionals norway european confederation police illegal police officers strike federation nonetheless undertaken actions including collective sick leave close police station members courses participating reports misconduct criminal offenses officers duty investigated norwegian bureau investigation police affairs based directly subordinate ministry justice police norwegian police service equipment police new patrol cars wheel drive automatic transmission new transport cars mercedes light transport mercedes heavy transport police force operates helicopters based oslo airport addition emergency response unit use royal norwegian air_force bell helicopters police main types uniforms type personnel primarily undertake indoor work type personnel primarily outdoor service types summer winter versions type dress uniform version types use black dominant color light blue shirts police officers armed firearms patrolling weapons locked patrol cars locked weapons requires permission chief police designated police use guns semi automatic pistols emergency response unit uses assault rifles norwegian police officers use weapons previously police information technology system developed mid-1990s late run windows log times typically minutes new system introduced taken use divisions operated redundant centers personnel access system thin clients police system raise national alarm close border crossings reserve personnel time activated message received intended recipients possible report criminal damage theft mobile known online norwegian public safety radio installed oslo southern system uses terrestrial radio allows common public safety network emergency agencies features include possibilities transmit data traffic system rolled central parts receive transmission speeds rest country uses analog radio system specific police district addition lack fire fighters systems forcing police officers rely heavily based mobile dispatch communication sensitive information police cars lack gps navigation devices mobile data terminal instead communication joint operations center officers rely printed road navigation contrast gps navigation terminal equipment finished installed fire trucks norwegian public safety radio scheduled completion ranks source norwegian national police


provisional legislature oregon provisional legislature oregon single chamber legislative body provisional government oregon served oregon country pacific_northwest north_america early time country sovereignty region elected legislature oregon territorial legislature territorial authorities arrived creation oregon territory united_states body termed legislative committee later renamed house_of_representatives course year history legislature passed laws including taxation liquor regulation created army deal conflicts native americans legislators prominent figures territorial years oregon body small committee people group altered organic laws oregon revised legislative branch provisional government oregon house_of_representatives minimum members government dissolved laws remained effect authorized coins territorial governor joseph lane law conflict article section united_states_constitution giving congress sole right coin money ending production beaver coins background vote european american settlers oregon country mainly valley created provisional government june person committee met oregon city drafted organic laws oregon pseudo constitution subsequently ratified july document created government authorized provisional legislature people person committee james robert moore william gray william david hill robert thomas robert met days draft laws group met days starting june george serving recorder moore chairman sets meetings laws drafted organic laws oregon ratified july committees land claims military judiciary formed meeting organic laws based laws iowa territory document outlined legislative branch powers single body time title legislature legislative committee consisted elected representatives population established districts later counties organic laws required legislature meet june december year meeting legislature took place june home oregon city session lasted june session held december residence john long oregon city december meeting executive committee members peter stewart russell presented message group opposing claims united_states great_britain laws passed session law banned blacks living territory subject months person left region members members legislature districts represented served speaker body john long recorder legislature met different times different structures june july legislature met oregon city home john long home serving speaker group organic laws replaced organic act altered legislature ways number representatives increased include minimum maximum second changed house_of_representatives members body elected popular vote filled special elections body received new powers civil official vote legislators districts create post offices levy taxes declare war organize militia create lower courts pass laws concerning general welfare region regulate trade native americans regulate liquor sale manufacture regulate police power government powers meetings continued june december changes special session legislature met august august oregon city august introduction body passed law half hour governor signed minutes bill introduction new legislature met beginning december robert serving speaker body december henry lee assuming post conclusion session december district created session bill passed december john long served recorder sergeant arms group people served summer session served december session sessions legislature designated oregon city official capital introduced income property taxes replaced subscription program finance government activities business included ban hard liquor incorporation oregon city approval road mount hood incorporation circulating library incorporation oregon institute meetings john long served recorder frederick clerk sergeant arms people members members legislature districts represented hearing news united_states informed britain ending obligations treaty looking division oregon country legislature scaled agenda piece legislation passed law set standards licensed boat pilots mouth columbia river legislature met home henry montgomery oregon city december serving speaker leader served clerk sergeant arms members members legislature districts represented legislature met december methodist church oregon city second day meeting main seventh streets news massacre occurred november delivered legislature governor event dominate remainder session provisional government worked hudson bay company send army east men command henry lee sent immediately beginning war large force command organized sent punish responsible massacre december group created district southern section district naming new district missouri senator thomas hart legislature robert chosen speaker group cook clerk members members legislature districts represented final sessions provisional legislature met sessions late early session december december formally organized representatives traveled south california gold rush beginning february session organized conducted final business provisional government session lasted february session law forbidding sale firearms supplies native americans repealed law passed authorize gold coins law concerning coins allowed creation beaver coins higher gold content united_states coins month later new territorial governor joseph lane arrived rescinded law unconstitutional coins collected removed circulation legislative session chosen speaker resigned post stephen served william vault clerk william holmes sergeant arms members members legislature districts represented oregon territory june oregon treaty signed great_britain settled dispute sovereignty oregon country august united_states congress created oregon territory land california 49th parallel served border britain north american colonies west rocky_mountains new territorial legislature created upper chamber council lower chamber house bodies met time july members provisional legislature continuing new government including david hill samuel parker territorial legislature transformed oregon legislative assembly


diet diet kingdom grand regional assembly kingdom crown land austrian empire later austria-hungary history polish considered successor general kingdom poland polish lithuanian commonwealth local councils territories austrian partition existed dissolution austria-hungary multi ethnic nature kingdom resulted diet having multiple different names german north western monarchy called von und meaning diet polish called meaning land meaning ukrainian called meaning german word means regional assembly diet polish ukrainian word version history parts polish lithuanian commonwealth lesser poland territories included austrian partition early partition poland gaps crown land relatively powerless parliamentary body known originally polish estates polish diet formed following october diploma emperor joseph real power predecessors polish parliamentary tradition considered continued history general regional lands lesser poland diet initially dominated polish nobles time saw emergence strong peasant faction notable change time included emergence modern ukrainian changing balance power body overall diet preserved polish parliamentary tradition time waned prussian partition russian partition saw emergence major political parties dominate political life second polish republic world war leader polish peasant movement second polish republic gained experience diet elected time similarly national democrats polish political diet time composition organization established february patent diet deputies elected different assemblies social classes electoral system based imperial council landowners consisted chosen people owned land previously owned feudal nobility paid year tax right elect deputies diet chambers commerce consisted thirty chambers commerce right elect deputies city chamber commerce cities consisted important cities position granted based status thirds highest tax eligible eligible basis education held important office usually members clergy office workers doctors teachers high schools directors primary schools right elect increased deputies diet municipalities consisted small scale rural landowners stages voting stage suffrage determined manner cities thirds highest tax high level education important office eligible voters elected elected seventy deputies diet holding constituency equivalent rural district deputies sat universities seven bishops initial composed greek catholic bishops roman catholic bishops armenian catholic bishop representatives university university seats added later additional roman catholic representative university academy learning system limited suffrage caused predominantly polish class dominate diet whilst population held seats diet small scale rural landowners hand population held seats diet system representation different diet whilst population held seats diet lived primarily rural communities reform suffrage system late added fifth upper right elect deputies outbreak world war elections diet took place fifth existed paper elections held regular schedule occurred usually years emperor decree deputies term office lasted years diet elections final deputies met theatre today maria national academic ukrainian drama theater diet met newly constructed building designed architect program architectural sculpture building owned university period diet elected representatives deputies sent imperial council diet legislative powers legislative initiative possessed emperor diet executive deputies marshal individual deputies debate pass laws related issues field education culture welfare justice public works administration religion military impose taxes direct tax marshal vice marshal position marshal equivalent position speaker westminster style marshal considered presiding officer diet notable members notable members diet include


social credit board social credit board committee alberta canada composed social credit legislative assembly alberta created aftermath social credit revolt mandate oversee implementation social credit alberta end secured services dennis george social credit british founder douglas requiring social credit members legislative assembly sign loyalty social credit board proceeded recommend radical legislation regulating banking banks restricting freedom press access courts legislation federal government ruled ultra powers province supreme_court canada defeats advent world war social credit board increasingly irrelevant later years highly anti semitic dissolved government manning beginnings william social credit league won alberta general election platform ending great depression implementing social credit new economic theory poverty ended increasing citizens purchasing power social credit legislative assembly alberta frustrated government lack progress frustration social credit revolt condition regaining rebels support agreed create social credit board composed social credit responsible implementation social credit alberta chair social credit board members insurgents revolt fifth member floyd baker remained loyal social credit board tasked appointment social credit commission composed experts social credit advise implementation social credit alberta social hoped douglas british founder social credit movement agree head commission douglas refused sent representatives george frederick dennis acts demand social credit sign oath loyalty social credit board proposals judicial defeat round legislation recommended commission subsequently passed legislature included credit alberta regulation act required bank employees licensed provincial government overseen social credit board appointed bank employees civil rights act prohibited banks employees initiating legal proceedings amendments act prohibiting court actions alleging alberta legislation unconstitutional lieutenant governor alberta john campbell asked royal bills asked attorney general john considered valid canadian constitution responded negative asked resigned appointed attorney general told opinion laws constitutional provided royal acts subsequently federal government incident social credit whip joe convicted criminal libel sentenced months hard labour deported united_kingdom charges stemmed pamphlet listing men advocating social credit board second round bills included rewritten version credit alberta regulation act previous version partly basis british north_america act banking responsibility federal government government alberta lacked authority regulate attempt address concern new version substituted words credit institutions banks social credit board proposals included bank taxation act imposed extremely high taxes banks operating alberta accurate news information act severely restricted freedom press bills passed legislature wishing laws reserved supreme_court canada comment constitutional validity reference alberta statutes found unconstitutional social credit board major initiatives failed decline dissolution world war reduced social credit board importance implementation social credit took war effort instead proposing new policy board devoted propaganda members spoke province social credit distributed vast numbers pamphlets died replaced manning time considerably open radical social credit proposals soon transferred social credit board responsibilities new department economic affairs deputy minister remaining douglas lieutenant shared douglas economic theories influence social credit board began anti jewish conspiracy theories including espoused russian elders report alleged plot world wide scope deliberately engineered small number ruthless international jewish report repeated allegations proposed new voting system voters state choices publicly government programs supported election political parties abolished favour leagues farmland appropriated government manning social credit board point took direct challenge leadership shot bow quickly introduced resolution legislature condemn completely legislature statements publications incompatible established british ideals democratic freedom endorse excuse anti racial religious form november announced social credit board cease exist effective march february asked received resignation deputy minister economic affairs despite beginnings vehicle intended economic revolution board achieved lasting importance early efforts federal government courts ceased influence dire conditions sparked enthusiasm radical economic reform vanished interest social credit social remained government revolutionary spirit 1930s forgotten university historian notes post war social credit transformed mass eclectic movement social reform led monetary relatively small government party enjoyed considerable support sectors alberta population combination right wing rhetoric social service road building programs social credit board reform mandate direct pipeline douglas longer needed


governor indiana governor indiana chief executive state indiana governor elected year term responsible overseeing day day management functions agencies indiana state government governor shares power statewide executive officers manage state government agencies governor works indiana holds official functions indiana governor residence state capital indianapolis 50th current governor mike republican position governor developed course centuries considerably powerful mid-20th century decades struggle indiana general_assembly indiana supreme_court establish executive branch government equal branch state government gubernatorial powers significantly expanded constitutional amendments 1970s indiana governors remain significantly powerful counterparts states office authority governor powers established article constitution indiana governor limited executive authority manage government state powers state agencies held independent elected cabinet heads governor works concert state legislature indiana general_assembly consisting indiana house_of_representatives indiana senate state supreme_court supreme_court indiana govern state governor power veto legislation passed general_assembly vetoed bill returned general_assembly unlike states require thirds veto indiana general_assembly veto absolute majority vote chambers governor important political powers ability special session general_assembly year period assembly meet days prevents passing legislation intend governor considerable influence body compromise issues exchange special legislative session powers governor state defense force indiana guard reserve indiana national_guard times emergency disaster governor charged enforcement state laws indiana code indiana state police governor ability grant pardon sentence person convicted crime state cases treason addition constitutional powers governors considerable degree statutory authority authority exercised governors daily basis derived statute giving general_assembly great degree power expand contract governor authority historically party control general_assembly control agencies governor governor based party affiliation party affiliation cabinet heads times left governor direct control state agencies governor influence state court system appointment judges indiana occur supreme_court tax court circuit courts judicial commission interviews candidates sends list candidates vacancy governor chooses justices peace superior courts judges elected indiana vacancy occurs death resignation governor appointment holds office general election authority appointments gives governor considerable sway setting makeup judiciary annual salary governor indiana additionally receives annually spending expenses requirements governor state candidate citizen united_states resident state running period consecutive years election candidate years old sworn office governor hold state federal office term resign position eligible sworn governor taking office candidate swear oath office administered chief justice supreme_court indiana promising uphold constitution laws state term limits elected governor serves year term beginning date sworn office inauguration day second monday january remains governor successor takes oath office governor term shorter dies limit terms governor serve governor limited elected consecutive terms time remain office maximum years year period eligible run term governor sit election period succession governor lieutenant governor indiana acting governor recovery governors terms current precedent governor office lieutenant governor decision acting governor general_assembly letter governor resume powers duties sending letter general_assembly capable executing duties office governor dies tried convicted lieutenant governor governor office lieutenant governor vacant senate pro governor office senate president pro vacant senate elect new pro fill governor office residence offices governor maintains office floor indiana indianapolis manages state agencies jurisdiction shares building indiana general_assembly supreme_court indiana elected executive officers including attorney general lieutenant governor located state located state office building traditionally governor lives indiana governor residence located indianapolis governor mitchell daniels family maintained private home governor residence official functions history governors governor indiana elected august assumed office december year capital governors maintained homes offices capital moved indianapolis december governors originally served years terms constitution replaced constitution extended terms years banned governors serving consecutive terms constitution amended allow governors serve consecutive terms limited consecutive terms time governors indiana republicans democrats held position times died office seven resigned lieutenant governors succeeded governor james ray president senate pro assume office governor governor attempted brought response actions agent federal government negotiations treaty mary illegal indiana constitution evidence role destroyed months investigation proceedings dropped time general_assembly attempted bring proceedings governor james ray similar action action defeated power shifts historically office indiana governor weaker institution relative branches state government compared role governors states indiana territorial period considerable resentment power territorial governors response anti governor faction dominated constitutional convention created weak executive position governor given complete authority militia term set years actions general_assembly position steadily weakened legislature power limited constitution governor authority choose appointments state courts removed ability appoint cabinet ended cabinet effectively independent making elected popularly authority propose budgets revoked serving consecutive terms banned comparison supreme_court entirely independent general_assembly assumed powers taken governor governors began assert power american_civil_war general_assembly attempted remove command militia governor response general_assembly effectively suppressed time governor assumed powers appoint public officials hire remove state employees manage state finances general_assembly majority sympathetic governor permitted continue assumed powers general_assembly began authority hiring state employees issued ended supreme_court ruled favor legislature returning final authority hiring state employees legislature passed acts removed governor authority appoint executive positions onset great depression 1930s governors began authority executive reorganization act passed returning governor considerable level appointment power new state welfare regulatory agencies placed directly governor control greatly expanding role running state creating large number patronage positions legislature responded trying create merit system public offices largely unable effectively enforce given new scope government agencies battle governor continued legislature rescinded executive reorganization act replaced state administration act placed government control elected commissioners reduced governor practical executive authority commander militia legislation matter taken supreme_court case tucker state indiana court ruled time governor fact chief executive state legislature pass law right decision major shift previous court decisions granted governors legal basis resist future powers 1970s series amendments passed popular governors increased powers state courts selection candidates granted court dominated indiana judicial commission governor given control process previously amendment removed ban consecutive terms allowing indiana consecutive term governors years amendment granted power prepare budget state budgetary agency run officials appointed governor significant authority gave governor budget greatest transfer power governor according historian professor political science despite gaining considerable power mid twentieth century governor weaker states line item veto authority pocket veto ruled unconstitutional governor sign reject bill law automatically led fist fight term locked house chambers prevent returning bill time easily requiring simple majority opposed super majority legislature exercises final control hiring state employees given large size government short legislative sessions unable considerable impact continued advocacy expanded merit system cabinet entirely independent governor control half government agencies indiana state police indiana bureau motor vehicles large agencies department administration control cabinet veto usage state early history seldom employed governors primarily seen symbolic general_assembly simple majority governor james significant use power vetoed record bills single legislative session roger presided hostile legislature total governor returning total bills assembly despite fact easily percent vetoed bills 1970s example bills vetoed observers historians attribute short length legislative sessions allow time large number bills pass houses twice factor legislators party governor typically refuse veto cases supported bill originally general_assembly relations governor relationship general_assembly typically determining factor success agenda factors play important role indiana history governor come power time party controlled assembly political parties dominant thirty sessions legislature divided different parties controlling house senate sessions occurred legislature entirely controlled opposition party ninety sessions governor party controlled entire assembly governors previously legislators generally greater success achieving legislative goals governor speakers house governor governor joseph wright worst relations governor assembly twice delivered speeches joint session perceived corruption accusing taking bribes bank indiana legislature responded anti banking disliked party expelled term traits james indiana governors married time election married office half governors married multiple times death wives governors wives including died husbands office thomas marshall state governors children leaving office marshall adopted young boy indiana governors native state seven born pennsylvania born ohio born kentucky governors come michigan virginia new_york vermont territorial governor william henry harrison appointed office age seven making youngest executive james ray elevated thirty reelected thirty youngest governor elected office age thirty governor age elected james williams age oldest governor elected died office age seventy average age governors time election thirty indiana governors served military veteran organizations served gateway governorship chase served leader grand army republic paul gates george leaders american legion national headquarters indianapolis thirty governors lawyers profession farmers thirty received college education having attended indiana university governors gone higher office serving united_states senate serving vice president united_states gubernatorial elections original constitution state held gubernatorial elections years election held approved august constitution replaced elections held october winners took office december indiana adopted second current constitution banned governors serving consecutive terms lengthened terms years elections held election day november years concurrent presidential elections constitutional amendment allowing governors serve consecutive year terms approved


national archives malta national archives malta central archive maintained mediterranean island nation malta archives housed palace lifetime having moved separate locations late 1980s legal documentation section national archives malta opened records court tribunal hearings decisions transferred facility beginning previous year facility opened soon president malta officially opened archives new head office main facility archives locations feature reading room facilities researchers open age sixteen produce valid identification recent years national archives malta increasing presence internet line national archival counterparts world effort included enabling members public search records archives online view short description contained records found efforts included number archives holdings release archives publications web site sale copies archives holdings shop online presence malta national memory project dedicated memories contributed history malta history efforts establish national archive began committee preservation public records established year later section malta public records opened public research facilities provided public use initially oversight malta ministry justice parliamentary affairs archives moved palace home house_of_representatives malta months point government official charge archives michael january governmental committee established discuss options management malta public records decided stand national archives malta established headquartered building housed hospital addition identified suitable house records malta courts beginning occupation malta knights early period occupation united_kingdom september transfer court records building began completed october transfer records facility completed july official opening building occur fifth president malta presided opening time officer charge joe regulating act national archives malta act passed published rom annual lecture established exhibition centre opened act came force creating post national currently charles created national archives legal person government malta umbrella opening national archives opened new facilities facilities services national archives malta maintains facilities malta facility opened legal documentation section located opened facility located old bank building houses court tribunal records dating decisions knights second facility archives location holds items final facility opened head office located officially opened facility houses malta official records archives main facility national archives malta offers services available residents malta site facilities open residents age sixteen years national archives contain reading rooms accessible public visitors required identification enter national archives reading rooms contain reference library printed facilities information desk featuring number publications fact sheets tools preserving malta records items stored archives accessed members public filling form records brought table addition national archives features number maps plans drawings public location malta photography work royal celebrations reconstruction work addition national archives malta offers group school visit program increase public awareness records held groups people taken archives shown offer school visits arranged archives locations school students shown archives increase awareness offer shown archived documents handled students given chance experience difficulty involved archives items online services national archives malta like counterparts areas world moving increase availability services internet number items collection process catalogue listing search short description item available online archives web site archives releases publications including periodical annual report state archives report web site maintains shop facilitate sale copies text image holdings interested members public possible search holdings malta national memory project memory contributed history malta archives web site


politics vietnam politics socialist republic vietnam defined single party socialist republic framework president vietnam head state prime minister vietnam head government party system led communist_party vietnam executive power exercised government president vietnam legislative power national assembly vietnam vietnamese judiciary independent executive parliament adopted current constitution vietnam fourth april amended elected national assembly year term acts commander chief vietnam people armed forces chairman council defence security government main executive state power vietnam headed prime minister deputy prime ministers ministers charge particular activities executive branch responsible implementation political economic cultural social national defence security external activities state national assembly legislative body national assembly members elected popular vote serve year terms legislature according constitution highest organ state powers includes enactment amendment constitution laws adoption government budget supervising government vietnam holders public powers responsible national assembly appointing members judiciary vietnamese constitution legislation provide regular elections office president socialist republic national assembly people councils vietnam officially independent judicial system governed constitution vietnam national legislation enacted national assembly supreme people court highest court appeal vietnam specialised courts vietnam including central military court criminal court civil court appeal court supreme people observes implementation state organs makes sure vietnamese citizens follow law legal framework vietnam party socialist republic current vietnamese state traces direct democratic republic vietnam north vietnam august revolution led current constitution adopted april national assembly vietnam vietnamese history current constitution amended 10th session national assembly december communist_party vietnam leading non state organ operates accordance laws government powers vietnam divided legislative executive judiciary powers vietnam legal system based socialist legality according article constitution state ideology vietnam socialist republic party system led communist_party vietnam thought thoughts late function firm ideological basis serve guidance activities party state according constitution vietnam period transition socialism introduced vietnam 1920s 1930s vietnamese culture led banner patriotism beliefs life quickly following death biography chairman emphasised revolutionary policies thoughts leadership thought alongside official ideology state claim legitimacy retained following collapse communism dissolution soviet_union commitment thoughts according quinn judge according author biography current state ideology thought playing secondary role claim thought veil party leadership according version stopped believing communism false considering avid supporter dictatorship thought political umbrella term main function non socialist ideas policies challenging socialist legality foundation key ideology introduction mixed economy late 1980s 1990s lost ideological moral legitimacy class based ideology lost legitimacy mixed economy clear reforms party base rule defending workers peasants officially referred working class peasant alliance constitution introduced state represented workers peasants intellectuals recent years party stopped representing specific class instead interests entire people includes final class barrier removed party members allowed engage private activities face role party acquired broader ideology laying emphasis nationalism protector tradition communist_party according official version communist_party vietnam vietnamese leading vietnamese people carrying country renovation according party statute amended 9th national congress april established trained president led vietnamese people carry successfully august revolution establishing democratic republic socialist republic defeat foreign invaders abolish colonial regime liberate country carry cause renovation socialist construction firmly defend national independence believes socialist working class supports struggle peace national independence democracy social progress world people acts vanguard working people nation representing interests aim create strong independent prosperous democratic country society realise socialism ultimately communism party ideological foundation thoughts guide activities party promoting nation traditions absorbing nations essential ideas organised principles democratic practices criticism self criticism strict discipline pursues collective leadership individual responsibility promoting solidarity line party political programs statutes subject vietnamese laws constitution country ruling party promotes mastery people country party supervision people dependent having people contributing party strengthening uniting leading people revolutionary cause political system vietnam led leads respects promotes role state vietnamese socio political organisations congress national congress party highest organ direction party government decided national congress held fifth year central committee elected national congress delegates vote policies candidates posts central party leadership following ratification decisions taken national congress national congress central committee elected national congress fifth year decisions national congress year period central committee meets twice year policies national congress central committee central committee powerful institution delegates powers session vietnam war ended vietnamese leadership led began power policy continued 6th national congress took power pursued policy economic political party state bureaucracy opposed reform initiatives tried win support provincial leaders caused powers provincial chapters increase 1990s lost power appoint dismiss provincial level officials 1990s proven fact tried wrestle power centre 1990s success developments led central committee example members background provincial party work changes power vietnam increasingly number central committee members provincial background increased low percent high percent current president socialist republic sang directly elected provinces 8th party congress held power powers central committee increased substantially instance thirds majority voted favour retaining general secretary leader vietnam central committee voted motion voted unanimously favour removing post general secretary central committee majority members provincial background working provinces members feel pinch economy began rule central committee aftermath party congress central committee meets year functions party leading collective decision making body elected central committee headed general secretary responsible solving problems implementing demands central committee oversees work commissions central committee following official order precedence according 12th national party congress 1st general secretary central committee secretary central military commission 2nd general president vietnam 3rd kim chairman standing committee national assembly 4th general minister national defense 5th general senior lieutenant minister public security 6th prime minister 7th president vietnam 8th executive secretary chairman theoretical council member 9th head commission organization 10th deputy national assembly deputy secretary national assembly party caucus 11th deputy prime minister 12th head commission inspection member 13th deputy prime minister minister foreign affairs 14th head central commission 15th deputy prime minister deputy secretary government party committee 16th head commission economics 17th head central commission propaganda 18th secretary city party committee 19th secretary city party committee 1st general secretary central committee secretary central military commission 2nd permanent member party central committee 3rd head commission inspection 4th commission organization 5th head central commission propaganda communist_party vietnam 6th head central commission communist_party vietnam 7th senior lieutenant chief general department politics vietnam people army 8th head central office communist_party vietnam 9th chief justice supreme people court vietnamese umbrella group pro communist movements according article constitution members constitute political base people power state create favorable environment member organisations voluntary mass organisation political socio political social organisations individuals classes social strata ethnic groups religions including overseas vietnamese main objectives gather build people unity strengthen people political spiritual consensus encourage people promote implement guidelines policies constitution laws governed principles democratic consensus coordinated united action organisation modelled state structure independent statute notable member organisations include general confederation labour communist youth union veteran association executive president republic vietnamese head state head government elected year term national assembly limited constitution maximum tenure terms addition chairman council defence security commander chief vietnam people armed forces president procedural duty appointing dismissing vice presidents prime minister deputy chief judge supreme people court head supreme people consent national assembly simple majority vote president influence foreign policy right declare state emergency declare war recent presidential elections held july sang incumbent elected deputies members national assembly government vietnamese executive arm national assembly highest administrative body vietnamese state headed prime minister consists deputy prime ministers ministers members government unified administration responsible implementation political economic cultural social national defence security external activities state responsible effectiveness state apparatus country constitution president government elected deputies national assembly year term prime minister socialist republic elected dismissed national assembly request president april prime minister government legislative national assembly vietnamese legislative body governed basis democratic highest representative organ highest state organ national assembly organ constitutional legislative powers responsible fundamental domestic foreign policies socio economic policies defence security issues exercises supreme control state activities deputies members national assembly elected secret ballots democratic elections held fifth year national assembly convened twice year standing committee represents sessions membership standing committee consists chairman deputy members members elected national assembly standing committee members simultaneously members government members work time basis terms office correspond term national assembly standing committee continues function new national assembly elected according constitution standing committee responsible duties important powers announce chair national assembly sessions interpret constitution laws issue matters assigned national assembly guides people councils activities directs coordinates activities ethnic council committees national assembly seven committees national assembly committee membership determined national assembly responsible studying examination bills legislative initiatives drafts drafts legal documents reports assigned national assembly standing committee committees provide national assembly standing committee opinions legislative programme committees supervise conduct investigations respective exercise powers stipulated law national assembly ethnic council consists chairman deputy members ethnic council studies recommends actions national assembly national assembly consult ethnic council issuing decisions ethnic policy chairman ethnic council attend meetings government concern ethnic policy powers ethnic council comparable committees judiciary vietnamese judicial system based socialist legality country highest judicial organ supreme people court composition includes chief justice deputy chief judge court structure follows council judges commission judges central military court criminal court civil court appeal court assisting staff chief judge elected national assembly president socialist republic power nominate dismiss deputy chief judge judges chief judge request central committee vietnamese introduces people turn appointed standing committee national assembly according government web portal operating principles courts hearings judges independent obey laws justice democracy system supposedly ensured legal decision making open process play essential role defenders right defence hire lawyer supreme people prosecutor vietnamese equivalent attorney general observes implementation process ministerial level agencies government organs local authorities social economic organisations armed forces security forces vietnamese citizens general respects constitution state laws practices public prosecution stated law ensures law enforcement head elected dismissed removed office proposal president deputy heads prosecutors appointed head dismissed president head request highest court appeal review reports national assembly controls judiciary budget confirms president nominees issues arrest district provincial people courts military administrative economic labor courts people courts courts instance ministry defence military rules civil courts military judges selected responsibility constitution provides independent judges lay lack administrative training united_states department state maintains vietnam lacks independent judiciary communist_party judges political reliability party seeks influence outcome cases involving perceived threats state party dominant position effort increase judicial independence government transferred local courts ministry justice september department state saw evidence actually achieved stated goal vietnam judiciary hampered shortage lawyers rudimentary trial procedures death penalty imposed cases corruption drug trafficking elections article constitution states people use state power agency national assembly people councils represent aspirations people elected responsible deputies members national assembly directly elected democratic basis secret ballots citizens older regardless ethnic group gender social position belief religion level education occupation length residency right vote exceptions mentally disabled people deprived right vote law people aged older right stand candidate elections election commissions established manage elections central level election council provincial level centrally run cities election committee responsible election monitoring election commission responsible election monitoring current members national assembly elected parliamentary election year term despite foreign criticism generally believed national assembly powerful recent years election held according authorities democratic fair safe manner considered success voter turnout percent nearly million people voted respective general secretary elected national assembly percent votes prime minister elected percent president sang elected percent outside ruling chairman government office elected highest margin percent votes number self nominated candidates times higher previous election candidates nominated central government central party leadership defeated elections member party central committee chairman committee law 12th national assembly elected national assembly elected assembly socialist ideology state allowed sit assembly committee economy budget chairman national assembly nominated sang presidency deputies national assembly meaning percent voted favour sang victory speech sang said pledge improve moral quality study example late president cooperate government bring vietnam fully country latest parliamentary election latest presidential election local government provinces municipalities subdivided towns districts villages provinces municipalities centrally controlled national government towns districts villages locally degree elected people councils certain cities provinces direct control central government provinces divided districts provincial cities towns cities direct rule divided towns urban rural districts turn district divided words article constitution provincial city town divided urban district divided establishment people council people committees determined law provinces people council local organ state power represents aspirations mastery people people council elected people superior organs state pass resolutions formal orders superior organs state acts behalf constitution people council decides plans socio economic development decides budget responsible national defence security local level deputy member people council acts behalf people right proposals people council local state organs turn officials local organs responsibility receive examine people council elect people committee executive organ people council people committee responsibility implement constitution law formal written orders superior state organs resolutions people council people committee headed chairman acts body leader decisions people committee taken decision making process conform majority chairman power decisions lower standing organs local officials vietnamese local head officials mass organisations locality right attend meetings people council people committee relevant problems discussed according article constitution people council people committee shall regular reports local situation fields mass organisations shall listen opinions proposals local power building socio economic development shall cooperate urging people work state implementation socio economic national defence security tasks locality list provinces