chester canal chester canal english canal linking south town river chester intended link chester branch trent canal operative junction route opened difficulties negotiating river company possibility traffic canal closed staircase locks collapsed money fund repairs canal proposed company saw ray hope managed struggling canal open canal provided link river port fortunes chester canal began improve canal building branches north wales intended link river chester eventually linked chester canal junction north canal middle section longer profitable canal companies merged chester canal birmingham liverpool junction canal proposed provide link birmingham canal system company saw opportunity build branch provide connection manchester branch opened junction canal opened amalgamation followed new company retaining chester canal following year union railways canal company formed chester company took number canals joined theirs plans convert canals railways hold canal company leased london north western railway railway control canals continued operate successfully decline set 20th century adjoining canals closed sections chester canal birmingham liverpool junction canal branch retained canals long distance commercial traffic ended british waterways board formed canal ceased operated railway interests time years designated cruising transport act potential leisure use enjoyed recreational fishermen chester canal heritage trust formed worked promote canal heritage responsibility canal passed british waterways newly formed canal river trust history people chester fearing construction trent canal divert trade away city liverpool announced press applying build canal trent chester city time served river river company recently spent improvements river realised connection growing canal network little future river port chester idea raised years earlier merchants suggested line trent near objections corporation liverpool canal company non plans little main line chester branch corporation chester scheme societies clubs chester little enthusiasm navigation trent supportive lost trade canal built duke approached support replied provided canal physically link trent oppose plans despite attempts duke alter position company promoting bill parliament began disadvantage bill act parliament april construction canal run river liberties city chester near act allowed company raise issuing shares additional necessary time act construction began near chester acting engineer john working assistant previously worked surveyor involved canals contractor experience managing major engineering project mayor chester cut end april concerns canal constructed past gardens prisoners prison escape company bond possibility canal conceived broad canal designed locks feet feet inches suitable broad beam barges trent canal north proposed junction suitable barges feet wide final locks south junction suitable foot narrow beam barges project hampered financial engineering problems progress slow chester end river company managed insert clause act restricted width final lock river feet lock built narrow boats capable constructed agreement reached wider connection years argument solution adopted single pair gates provided foot wide entrance basin canal rose level land basin built owned river company charged tolls traffic collapsed dismantled repaired soon left project thomas morris recalled ireland previous experience building extension canal direction canal opened chester january june morris sacked september replaced sacked followed moon previously acted assistant morris canal completed direction joseph taylor september junction opened project financial difficulties late spent share capital raised loan guaranteed samuel company related duke applied act parliament allowed raise additional calls existing shareholders borrow mortgage succeeded raising making additional calls borrowed richard responsible east canals including canal canal money complete line build reservoir heath work completed august company hoped raise money build line proposed building narrow locks reduce cost shareholders prepared support instead concentrated trying generate traffic line built attempted salt failed find tried running boats trent goods carried land onward carriage liverpool ran boats cargo passengers canal end company money unable meet interest payments loans decided canal main respond offer angry landowners paid drained reservoir march committee managed canal open selling boats land disaster struck november staircase locks collapsed money fund repairs impact canal plans canal published directors chester canal saw chance canal profitable build branch following chairman report meeting shareholders resolved try raise money carry repairs end year reported canal nearly filled water business begins stir scheme extensive line river later renamed port river near chester access chester canal branches maybe william estimated cost time canal subscribers offered applications scaled company accepted rival group proposing canals east resulted group proposing direct link chester canal branch february groups amalgamated april obtained act parliament raise additional necessary assisted john thomas william turner october thomas appointed set line oversee construction work began line port chester november boats began july locks connecting river completed early following year connection chester canal opened january miles line supplied water chester canal supplemented steam engine port pumped water passenger boats canal proved popular connections port liverpool provided larger boats passenger services chester lasted year commercial traffic grew steadily helped construction new basins chester provision tide lock access lower basin possible times helped free canal company constructing canals west linking route chester decided obtained act parliament line near great running roughly northwards join river opposite canal basin chester chester company trying financial affairs order noticed act failed mention connection canal decided obtain act enforce connection stop supplying water line company responded quickly agreeing changes act chester company continued supply water strength able raise money canal good order repay debts company extended canal eastwards companies reached agreement line near junction north opened march water supply enhanced construction falls river company offered buy chester canal shares debts chester canal held negotiations failed years later financial position chester canal better began paying debts finally agreed action authorised act parliament company paid half offer shares distributed chester shareholders chester canal company took july new section canal iron lock built resolve continual problems new route south birmingham liverpool junction canal authorised act parliament construct canal junction canal prospect link liverpool joint company pressed construction branch outlet manchester industrial centre trent trent canal refused idea canal effectively reduce income birmingham liverpool junction canal authorised chester company obtained act parliament trent insisted build short connecting canal canal consisting lock tolls act repealed previous legislation chester canals consolidated position branch built narrow canal cost opened september little birmingham liverpool junction canal completed finally opened march having suffered engineering problems construction narrow canal suitable boats feet wide canal companies worked start bid ensure remained profitable despite competition railways came soon grand junction railway birmingham authorised canal opened carrying goods january tolls canals considerably lower envisaged route promoted experiments steam haul trains narrow boats carried report indicated extensively following year chester company thinking converting canal railway argued steam cheaper locomotive railway merger birmingham liverpool junction canal discussed authorised new company retaining chester canal union immediately company began looking possibility converting system railways engineer convinced railways built routes half cost building new line opposed canal argued closing bits inland waterways system repercussions parts left robert suggested number railways canals reduce competition bills presented parliament canals join chester company eastern western branches canal canal canal converted railways route port junction system retained salt major source revenue plans resulted formation union railways canal company new company raise million new capital addition existence million necessary prompted new railways existing canals converted company leased london north western railway took control june allowed union continue operate fairly independently idea conversion dropped canals operate maintained result union network canals abandoned sections originally chester canal canal birmingham liverpool junction canal branch retained section abandoned branch kept function water supply channel navigation leisure era common operational canals remains union system including chester canal january responsibility docks inland waterways executive british transport commission time function canals viewed commercial official reply inland waterways association stated ministry transport look favourably scheme pleasure craft canals present time despite official attitudes wilson produced edition inland waterways great_britain noted wishing use union leisure cruising apply agent chester advised application advance case problems condition locks control canal passed british waterways board january time years managed organisation railway control transport act classified waterways jurisdiction british waterways commercial cruising remainder waterways remaining union network designated cruising potential leisure use time little commercial traffic branch river chester unused demise steel traffic port long distance carrying tar port ended canal popular pleasure rural added interest provided city chester port waterways museum chester provides attractive route canal connected links trent canal branch east canal birmingham liverpool junction canal south provides route canal canal subject ongoing restoration scheme accessed access river chester advance notice given river accessible hours high tide port canal connected manchester ship canal opening leisure cruisers requirements ship canal company taking small boats large commercial port acts end journey chester canal heritage trust set promote canal heritage projects received funding local history initiative nationwide building society allowed research history canal publish results book responsibility canal passed british waterways newly formed canal river trust traffic chester canal success traffic sparse changed connected canal company expected carry limestone iron coal mines chester liverpool canal built built later trade coal limestone lime building materials developed network canals traffic canals liverpool increased steadily passing chester canal receipts canal years later review trade canals showed limestone coal produce lime number locations canals coal industrial household use carried competing trade coal travelled river entered canal system chester trade iron chester tolls low canal route miles long land journey miles canals carried tons iron bound liverpool manufactured goods tons came tons north wales tons additional tons originated north wales passed branch bound manchester canal company carried goods boats produced report years august june showed income tolls identified main types traffic included iron goods area liverpool limestone canal trade iron ore near general merchandise carried chester liverpool general merchandise north wales profitable carriage general goods birmingham liverpool chester coal trade small loss canals owned london north western railway restrictions imposed carry canals failed sufficient money cover interest substantial operating profit years average annual income yielded surplus income carrying income risen yielded surplus total traffic tons dropped tons carrying business expanded 1870s turnover increased operating profits fell dramatically total traffic tons nearly boats owned company 1870s onset world war company small operating profit loss following end war working hours cut wages increased cost materials increased losses escalated income carriage company ceased attempt reduce losses tons goods carried dropped tons time income tolls total income route river branch heads eastwards river passes locks turning north locks raise level canal junction site historic originally branch continued eastwards locks brought level chester canal main line junction main line headed south right angled band joined chester canal tower wharf bend south canal old city english cities retains nearly city walls cathedral dates king charles tower canal rising feet staircase locks cut solid rock canal enters steep sided rock cutting bridges locks raise level canal feet reached fourth fifth locks north wales coast railway line crosses canal tunnel canal passes south western edge centre large grade listed mill building steam powered includes bays right boats loaded parish church distance main centre population edge flat plain tall tower dates 16th century roof nave hammer beam construction dating accommodation bridges section dating time construction canal including davies bridge salmon bridge bridge built orange brick grade listed structures railway line follows general alignment canal little south follow valley river canal crosses south bank river north bank continues eastwards passing massive ruined remains castle built earl chester steep hill dominates countryside castle opposite lock followed village north bank immediately bridge carrying road canal locks called iron lock built cast iron plates cast iron problems running sand original stone locks grade listed structure scheduled ancient monument unique england shortly stone lock listed structure dating construction canal conventional materials lock lock situated mile north railway crosses north canal near staircase locks staircase locks share intermediate gates locks end chester canal locks wide beam boats use travelling south canal approaches junction railway turns away heading east canal turns south junction start branch descends locks reach trent canal miles canal turns junction immediately rising locks soon basin reached historic terminus chester canal original plan terminate birmingham liverpool junction canal running park joining basin end owner objected embankment built edge park crossed road joined canal north basin hall west basin grade listed mansion built boat sizes built locks chester canal originally feet years maximum size vessels canal altered reduced feet sizes quoted feet points interest


steamship built belfast white star line fifth jubilee class ocean liners built specifically service liverpool cape_town sydney route south coast england largest rescue kind passengers crew saved ship deliberately broken new bow attached salvaged stern portion later serving norwegian factory ship carrying scuttled swedish coast prevent capture ships nazi_germany design construction white star inaugurated service liverpool sydney commissioned steam ships built route single funnel liners measured gross register tons grt carry class passengers ships launched year 19th century referred jubilee class reflecting popular mood coming new century popularity route immigrants australia white star quickly decided order class slightly larger second ship launched october second largest class grt minor design changes noticeable deck moving bridge closer bow ships carry passengers seven cargo holds white star service launched december set sail maiden voyage sydney march shortly sisters pressed service carrying troops fight boer war south_africa august voyage liverpool new_york_city boer war white star finally able institute regular monthly service australia jubilee class ships voyage young officer named charles assigned crew punishment voyage met year old woman returning home sydney courtship married sydney december later second officer board senior crew survive disaster navigational errors years service uneventful disaster struck february left melbourne scheduled stops cape_town plymouth london finally liverpool command thomas jones march liverpool passengers crew members nearly cargo including thousands sheep worth noon miles southwest coast england section english coast hazardous shallow waters sharp rocks dense fog normally avoided ships afternoon entered typically dense fog bank ship officers able fix position stellar navigation intended use instead lighthouse point cornwall known simply soon spotted seeing light calculated miles away thought safe despite fog pressed ahead speed sounding line ensure approaching shore minutes sighting lighthouse ship ran aground violently speed rocks reef quarter mile miles closer shore command crew believed rescue jones attempts ship rocks running engines astern avail despite position ship appear danger sinking captain ordered distress rockets fired local rescue effort ensued passengers crew escaping shore safely rescue led royal national institution largest rescue institution year history manned local volunteers stations rescued passengers including babies crew operation took hours complete result successful efforts silver medals awarded volunteers awarded crew members actions march ceremony held commemorate 100th anniversary rescue moon silver gallantry medals awarded members crew superintendent harry honorary secretary salvage bow section badly damaged rest ship including boilers engines damaged determined ship tide lift sailed port mind days later march cargo small coastal initially appeared attempt succeed week later vessels attempted pull rocks weather deteriorated waves drove farther shore moved bow stuck threat worse weather coming completely destroy ship white star officials decided attempt unorthodox method saving stern half ship grounded damaged separating damaged bow like white star liners built watertight compartments safety precaution depending integrity design engineers carefully placed charges dynamite bow bulkhead aft bridge april successful aft half ship floated free watertight compartments held integrity able steam power reverse guided southampton damaged bow left break rocks rebuilding white star ordered new foot bow section belfast launched head october popularly said time longest ship world bow belfast stern southampton new bow towed shipyard southampton arrived october mid november position joined rest ship bow good fit testimony months later largest ship rebuilding effort undertaken time january completed returned service war service world war began british ships pressed war service ability carry frozen meat holds meant jubilee class liners left commercial service bring provisions war effort carried troops normal route dedicated war run march carrying british troops dardanelles campaign point operated royal_navy liner scheme white star management continued commercial route australia following war white star refitted adding capacity second class passengers returned australian route march completed 50th voyage route showing age white star sold renamed sent kiel converted factory ship served norwegian fleets waters came control norwegian shipping agent handled behalf german union war hunting results delivered germany nazi_germany invaded norway second world war interned neutral port sweden norwegian ships april exiled norwegian government claimed ships property contested government occupied norway court ruling favoured exiled government claim april norwegian ships attempt escape allied controlled waters met protected group british warships sweden allow norwegian ships use neutral waters swedish ships steered waiting german warships british sunk germans scuttled crew turned scuttled waters sweden crew taken prisoners war wreck remains waters bow facing west


ferry ferry free vehicle ferry service river_thames east london connecting south north north licensed financed london river services maritime arm transport london service operated marine licence carries foot passengers vehicles million passengers use ferry year ferry operating 14th century commercial crossings operated intermittently mid-19th century free service opened following abolition tolls bridges west london traffic increased 20th century owing rise motor vehicle use lack nearby fixed crossings thames remained popular pedestrian use dropped result construction parallel foot tunnel extension light railway arsenal station alternatives thames gateway bridge reach crossing proposed replacements immediate plans ferry long demand services service links royal borough north london borough links ends inner london road routes north circular south circular ferry operates boat service minutes nominal interval saturdays boat service minutes nominal interval south north sailing minutes earlier sundays boat service south north sailing ferries carry heavy goods vehicles road traffic river maximum height metres width metres service free traffic transport london estimated cost passenger nearest alternative crossings nearest alternative crossing pedestrians foot tunnel runs parallel ferry light railway station arsenal south thames opened january new terminus london city airport branch king george station opposite river close north ferry dock nearest vehicle alternatives tunnel miles upstream west crossing miles downstream east tunnels height restrictions heavy goods vehicles users crossing toll charges history early services connection north thames norman conquest area mentioned book acres belonging steward belong refers portion land north thames county kent state papers service running north warren lane year william sold business william ferry subsequently sold silver marks cross river traffic increased following establishment royal arsenal enable movement troops supplies army established ferry following year act parliament established commercial ferry company dissolved eastern counties thames junction railway extended lines include thames wharf branch eventually steam ferries operated proved inadequate meet growing demand october public meeting held discuss setting locally run steam ferry service cost seen following establishment metropolitan board works taken toll bridges west london opened free public use suggested board fund free crossing thames east london proposals provide services upstream plan abandoned board agreed provide steam powered ferries costing asked chief engineer sir joseph lead design construction september company awarded contracts valued build approaches bridges modern service service officially opened march steamer gordon days service metropolitan board works replaced london county council opening ceremony conducted lord instead expected sister vessel duncan introduced april end 1920s rise motor traffic pressure ferry capacity proposed bridge shooter hill east rejected obvious target wartime bombings vessel introduced instead lack fixed crossing thames psychological barrier living east end london use limited number routes cross river including ferry lack suitable alternative route instrumental creating plans eventually crossing downstream 1950s quicker ferry traffic divert tunnel vessels operating capacity april ferry service upgraded roll roll model reducing waiting times approach roads continued operate ferry replaced greater london council march partners started building current reinforced concrete operate feet tidal range ferries use today built current opened abolition responsibility operating service transferred secretary state transport contracted london borough run service asset ownership operating rights subsequently transferred transport london establishment greater london authority london borough continued operate ferry behalf march london borough gave notice cease operating service september september announced group operation service october contract ran initially march december control crossing passed marine expanding public passenger services company awarded million year contract began april incidents august year old ferry worker died falling boat river_thames report published august blamed working practices operation death fleet ferries loading gordon duncan named general gordon colonel francis duncan professor charles powered engine manufactured john son producing nominal horsepower initial fleet eventually replaced starting named william mayor labour john sir john member london county council liberal grandfather tony current vessels built engineering company replace named prominent local politicians john burns james newman newman mayor ferries feature propulsion systems propeller fitted centrally end driven cylinder national diesel engine transport london introduced art river scheme showing decorative artwork ferry vessels passenger numbers ferry typically attracts million passengers year occupants vehicles including drivers counted passengers ferry patronage high vehicles fallen away minimal numbers foot passengers ferry carried vehicles passengers weekly times day particularly peak hours common vehicles queue ferry departure improvements vehicle arrangements years especially avoid impact local traffic foot passengers bus services converge small bus station north cross river foot passengers foot tunnel instead foot passengers ferry daily competition arrived extension light railway crosses river east crossing tunnel future ferry service provides available crossings river_thames east london seventeen river crossings miles west tower bridge distance east long demand vehicle ferry unlikely discontinued require changing act parliament planning applications submitted new bridge thames gateway bridge close location ferry project cancelled mayor london johnson announced reach crossing replacement ferry service running east expected open option bridge popular alternative option tunnel area planning director richard said ferry continue operate long alternatives current plans service tolls levied ferry changing act parliament possible service eventually conjunction projects reach crossing likely media appearances ferry appearances film john seen destroyed titular monster film sea monster detailed scale model interact model monster head ship thames strained relations episode series horses character uncle albert asks played nicholas board ship replied yes added ferry


port albany port albany widely known port albany port entry united_states facilities sides hudson_river albany new_york private public port facilities existed cities 17th century increase shipping albany basin canal built public funds port modern come widespread use current port constructed governorship franklin roosevelt great depression included largest grain elevator world time today grain elevator largest united_states east mississippi_river port tallest harbor crane state new_york port rail connections albany port railroad allows connections rail near new_york state canal system port features tourist attractions uss destroyer escort afloat united_states geography port albany consists roughly acres including acres albany acres nautical miles north new_york harbor new_york harbor federal dam miles north albany hudson_river estuary atlantic_ocean hudson deep water shipping channel feet albany river feet maximum feet draft mean range tides feet port sea level history founding albany trading post shipping important growth prosperity especially beaver timber farm produce important exports european people goods shipped charter established albany city albany exclusive market town upper hudson_river valley beginning port consisted hastily built docks built spring destroyed winter erosion flooding ice tidal action city owned docks established northern southern ones later expanded historically significant ships albany home port experiment left albany second american ship sail china robert commercially viable left albany sailed hudson city new_york foot long foot wide pier constructed feet perpendicular albany shoreline bridges pier enclosed roughly acres hudson_river albany basin construction pier bridges cost basin located canal constructed met hudson_river basin accommodate canal boats canal city north albany neighborhood private slips constructed use lumber trade soon large prosperous albany lumber district national importance albany nearby largest lumber market state maiden lane bridge constructed basin connect albany east river open railroad traffic albany port district established new_york law chapter years interstate compact created port new_york authority later renamed port authority new_york new_jersey governor franklin roosevelt unveiled modern port replace aging infrastructure albany basin lumber district canal north albany neighborhood port constructed acres km2 island southern end albany approximately acres river city grain elevator port built original construction largest world considered largest united_states east mississippi_river area albany original port albany basin covered interstate preserve park early 1970s remnants basin wall excavated preserve lord working new_york state museum master plan adopted called port transformed container port led purchase largest harbor crane state port district commission took lead development albany park preserve development enhance albany access river port helped financing project construction bulkheads seasonal floating docks attached office state questioned port involvement construction financing issues raised port district lack authority build docks non commercial use port receive income facilities financing port received million upgrade member inland distribution network select group ports satellite locations distribution container cargo port authority new_york new_jersey resulting congestion ports highways december dutch owned ship capsized port killing russian ship hauling general_electric generators overturned united_states_coast_guard determined poor communication resulting speaking dutch crew spoke russian english relay contributing factor ballast tanks early spring port employee arrested stealing copper turn led investigations employee theft resulted arrest operations manager maintenance port received awards railway industrial clearance association award customer satisfaction improved port united_states handling heavy lift cargo future port albany replacing feet cost million late march proposal million plant approved albany port district commission project held financing issues governance albany port district commission public benefit corporation created state new_york develop manage port facilities cities albany commission members nominated mayor albany nominated mayor governor new_york year terms commissioners serve pay compensated business related expenses commission considered unit city albany included city financial statements deficit finances commission assessed albany state decided deficit assessment based albany owing total commission staff employees administrative duties maintenance time security economy port albany private companies located bring capital district economy million direct spending jobs port customs office port entry albany port customs district includes following counties albany columbia delaware montgomery warren washington parts sullivan counties north latitude acres port site foreign trade zone number significant port new_york empire zone program gives port tenants breaks state income tax benefits tax breaks city albany connections port albany roughly miles east buffalo miles south montreal miles west boston miles north city new_york makes location regional distribution northeastern united_states parts canada inland distribution network port albany twice weekly barge service port authority new_york new_jersey shipments port leave modes transportation including truck rail albany international airport minutes away cargo facilities canals allow water transportation barges interior north_america port handles carried ships grain animal feed wood pulp steel trains trucks rail albany port railroad owned jointly csx canadian pacific railway rail miles track inside port ties rail mainline csx port subdivision rail traffic port norfolk southern yard port rail yard adjacent port north albany street yard owned rail miles north port city albany csx owns nearby yards yard miles south port west albany yard miles north truck major proximity new_york state toll road west albany interstate buffalo south interstate new_york metro area connects albany new_york south albany north canadian border montreal west albany east toll free rejoining spur continuing boston mass connects albany new_york water water port albany south new_york state canal system begins federal dam canal allows water navigation great lakes canal connects hudson_river lake river canal connects lake lawrence montreal facilities port albany includes deep water facilities located banks river wharf length albany river feet length feet berth acre open storage yard customs department agriculture offices transit sheds backup warehouses totaling square feet storage dry gal imp gal capacity grain elevator million capacity bulk liquid storage heavy lift dock rail capability super operation acre road salt depot acre scrap yard short ton long ton metric ton capacity crane mobile harbor crane largest harbor crane state new_york maritime services operations port albany managed federal marine port albany ventures hudson_river pilots association handles hudson_river tenants rent businesses port contributes million revenue port tenants include global partners petroleum terminal capacity barrels cargo come port regular basis special cargo limited time limited time cargo includes subway cars shipped albany brazil months inch diameter pipes associated materials italy shipped pipes mile long natural gas pipeline included short tons long tons material dozen ships shipped albany regular basis include animal feed cement beans grain including corn wheat heavy lift items including turbines generators heat liquid scrap metal petroleum including diesel gasoline heating oil salt steel sugar wood pulp logs tourism commercial activities port albany non industrial uses river ship museum tourism cruise ship docked square square named snow dock city trucks dumped hudson_river snow streets held commemorate 75th anniversary port albany 10th anniversary uss museum docked albany national maritime day celebrated free rides port free rides aboard dutch apple cruise uss destroyer escort afloat united_states sits square near foot madison avenue ship open april november public destroyer closes public december march moves square port august japanese film scheduled release spring filmed board dutch apple cruises private company gives day cruises hudson_river canal operates square city albany public boat launch boat house hudson preserve boat house launch albany rowing center non profit rowing organization hudson albany yacht club club founded city albany oldest yacht clubs nation club moved current location south memorial bridge facilities open public large members


ellen ellen american rigged merchant ship bath maine built prominent international trade routes years calling ports far away sydney september ship wrecked mouth river liverpool hurricane strength storm shore based mainly volunteers set stations aid distressed ship capsized heavy seas picking ship crew resulting people ship losing lives following advice consul liverpool united_states congress recognised acts bravery issuing gold medals men attempted save crew year delay law changed allow newly instituted medals awarded non citizens debate designs continued years self design eventually adopted description ellen built richmond maine prominent local named builder daughter ellen gave sixteenth share vessel ship classified register meaning hull fittings highest grade ellen international trade routes bath maine visits documented ports far away sydney australia recorded longest duration voyage ship transporting railway locomotives east west_coast united_states ship took days complete passage delayed days unfavourable winds cape horn june shortly departing hong_kong california chinese passengers ellen master captain howe died sea wife took charge ship passengers crew water supply resorted revolver bay passing ship encountered ellen miles santa california captain raised alarm reaching port went assistance distressed ship august ellen set sail liverpool england saint john new_brunswick command captain henry load tropical deal timber captain wife crew members board approaching river september violent storm hit region years struck began increasing rapidly intensity hurricane strength midnight storm remained level buildings damaged ashore people killed falling masonry river vessels blown damaged ellen rounded northern tip wales passing point day storm receiving pilot board taken tow united_kingdom command captain final leg journey port liverpool conditions stormy sails taken time reached ship longer steered tow line lost ellen dropped anchors hold strengthening storm finding unable offer assistance set liverpool purpose returning soon grounded leaving stricken american ship fend midnight storm reached peak ellen grounded jordan flats mile lighthouse waves crashed heavily started break crew unable signal assistance light vessel carry signal interim remained ship prevent swept away heavy sea disaster docks harbour board station received telegraph stating ship distress minutes later year old tubular set fourteen volunteers command captain james martin steam initially took liverpool boat tow properties suitable heavy row approximately time liverpool departing docks new brighton boats got underway new brighton boat tow hurricane somewhat sea heavy rowers work difficult shallower water longer assist liverpool came alongside wreck aboard able jump directly steward person doomed ship decided recover bag minutes passed people waited eventually appeared joined finally able clear wreck navigate way floating debris start return journey dock new brighton yards away liverpool boat left wreck turned apparent taken ship successfully wind tide sea impossible liverpool link waiting tow men forced start rowing home minutes later boat reached safer waters channel master elected raise help steady vessel people lucky escape captain martin noticed huge wave like high wall approaching instructed hold fearing washed overboard breaking boat wave lifted flipped boat self remaining survivors left desperately boat master witnessed incident signaled new brighton arthur promptly turned come rescue men capsized boat directed new brighton assist danger bits wood sea picking survivors casualty new brighton taken tow brought new brighton ellen crew captain wife pilot men docks drowned died exposure fatalities total labourers employed salvage valuable wood subsequently washed beach items washed hat belonging captain wife belonging crew bodies seen water court held following month liverpool board trade focused particularly roles captains tragedy design liverpool court found blame loss ellen liverpool captain james martin crew praised gallantry getting ship blame respect furthermore found sound design suitably adapted role debate continued years merits tubular design self requirement powered medals general united_states consul liverpool wrote government recommending gallantry involved rescue effort recognised secretary state supported recommendation united_states congress moved award newly instituted medal men delay months followed change legislation enacted allow medals issued non nationals finally united_states government awarded class gold medals seven men docks new brighton station survived incident families deceased men awarded sum gold lieu medal medals conferred public ceremony liverpool town hall february citation accompanying new brighton medals read follows sir honor transmit life saving medal class awarded authority provisions seventh section act congress united_states approved june extreme heroic daring manifested rescue circumstances peculiar danger difficulty persons wreck american ship ellen mouth river near liverpool offering member crew life boat royal national life boat institution stationed new brighton proper remark time opportunity arisen medal life saving service country subjects foreign nation fortune crew arrive scene disaster liverpool life boat men effected turn subjected casualty persons rescued number drowned remaining persons vessel men liverpool crew capsized boat fearful sea owe lives comrades extreme jeopardy hardships encountered occasion rescue deeply appreciated behalf united_states accept provided law recognition deeds bravery compassion sending allow add expression sense gallantry devotion high human duty marked conduct comrades occasion notice assurance member crew person deed mercy fresh honor great england honor sir servant charles acting secretary treasury


canal canals independent linked canals south wales usually regarded single canal canal opened south extended giant grave order provide better shipping facilities small later extensions reached final destination ferry traffic figures available successful cent paid shares canal miles long included locks canal development canal built transport coal northern edge creek river called red jacket closed years enlarged extended george provide link river river docks order increase trade built extension basin linked canal extension built act parliament long delay attempted resolve dispute landowner routing canal opened traffic canal provided better facilities transferring cargo ships use canals navigation ceased 1930s retained water channels supply water local industries docks attempts restoration began formation canals society section north restored late 1980s canal restored recently project involved replacement carries canal river new yard plate structure believed longest single span britain obstacles remain complete restoration feasibility study published suggesting canal small network linked docks restored canal canal encouraged recent grant act parliament building canal resolved meeting ship castle public house july build canal giant grave attending lord built short canal near giant grave connect river thomas asked survey course assisted father brother proposed route required locks conventional canal parts river project early lord agent lewis thomas proposed new cuts idea river dropped soon canal authorised act parliament passed june created company canal navigation powers raise issue shares additional necessary building canal canal company build inclined planes railways required use bed river canal run called time far valley join river thomas employed engineer construction started northwards canal reached river resigned work canal replaced thomas failed complete canal november deadline given arrested irregularities accounts canal canal company completed building work direct labour lock river built rebuilding locks improvements continued years immediate pressure extend canal giant grave access coastal vessels long tons improved construction cut second canal act passed extension miles giant grave better facilities transferring goods vessels available thomas surveyed route edward price acted engineer canal financed lord paid canal main line extension completed july terminated basin close giant grave flood gates canal enabled water released total cost project included locks number access additional docks built giant grave extending canal slightly canal extended ferry construction jersey canal miles long built act parliament earl jersey short extension final length canal miles northern terminus connected canal iron works built included north powered high pressure steam engine brothers bought iron industry built high tolls canal bankrupt connections canal operation mineral resources near end canal included normally extracted caused problems canal deposited pounds fox family based abbey valley agreed construct new problem protests pen successful pounds company took legal action court found favour recognising canal soon useless trade steadily grew small private branches built serve industries valley near canal branch constructed ran connected nearly mile branch built served bach river bank yard branch left main line court connect serving figures carried apart mention tons coal receipts increased subscribers paid total shares paid rising based receipts estimated tons coal carried trade peak supplemented iron fire clay facilities giant grave improved included enable ships ballast landed dumped thrown overboard approach caused problems newport canal ballast thrown river cardiff canal thrown canal basin efforts improve facilities harbour board established banks copper marked channel enabled ships tons reach spring tides tides giant grave connection canal opened trade crossed river passed western bank port canal canal built connect richard river hole inlet mud flats main channel river later known red jacket obtained lease build lord august died day edward took management canal constructed actual connection river red jacket small boats canal larger vessels tidal canal remained use years bankrupt died lord leased land canal built placed red jacket barges disused george incorporated southern section canal northern branch derelict branches northwards terminates nature reserve site special scientific interest covers area acres designated presence wet woodland habitats site special area conservation rare flora fauna include slender spider rare scarce invertebrates canal george born son solicitor lancashire moved area bought estate canal unused time following lord previous experience canals decided lease extend planned suitable barges long tons gain access river lock red jacket canal turned northwards extend west terminate lock river near harbour believed docks provide better shipping point giant grave hoped canal encourage development corridor ran attempted gain support scheme local landowners forthcoming decided fund project lord estate inherited earl jersey leased canal work started direction engineer william canal completed autumn running near east pier river river red jacket canal built scale originally intended barges long tons main line miles long mile branch reopened supplied regular coal goods carried included timber bark fire bricks sand volume goods carried profit negotiated canal gave permission build lock river canal giant grave court working canal boats tidal river ideal build lock instead decided build extension link canal basin sought support local landowners including lord jersey lord duke forthcoming decided build private canal act parliament work started engineering problems experienced near abbey yard cutting required appeared eventually inverted masonry arch built contain canal stop sand collapsing lack act canal proved problem april refused permission cut land pass road february obtained injunction attempted change opinion sending stream important people argue case finally autumn offered canal terms use junction favourable accepted canal sent letter eventually agreed negotiate described terrible plague final section included lock main line followed foot arched river junction canal total length canal opened miles cost include price land harbour port end built sea lock boats enter bay named area port terminus destroyed prince wales dock constructed harbour trust occupied area bay lock constructed enable boats reach tidal water passing dock wharf canal constructed eastern end dock wharf destroyed dock extended provided canal entire southern extension lock built allow canal boats enter dock act parliament provision new branch canal built included lock newly constructed kings dock lay berth provided north branch built south western edge transport coal operation prior opening estimated canal carry tons year generate income traffic built 1830s annual tons revenues anticipated produced profit year initially known junction canal known canal water feet deep red jacket feet deep red jacket harbour provided large reservoir water tidal basin port boats typically carried tons allowed work canal short branches built including brewery opened privately funded brewery year canal opened goods carried mainly coal included timber iron ore sand copper ore smaller amounts general merchandise establishment industries port included charles 1850s patent fuel works 1860s resulted increased traffic coal served mile branch built earl jersey leased traffic figures reached tons gradually declined provided steady revenue river lock red jacket history line basin opened barely thought removing use time later unused 1880s rebuilt demise canals faced competition railway remained profitable early 1880s case canal 1890s unusual aspect success tolls maintained dropped canals time significant cuts tolls attempt remain competitive railways canal carried small amounts gunpowder traffic virtually ceased navigation canal came end canal soon infrastructure maintained canals supplied water local industries bypass built 1970s canal lock allow road straightened reduced width allow road widened lock road built canal bed traces gone road superseded dual opened road covered final section canal longer road dual runs site basin port course canal covered railways roads facilities port continues supply water prince wales dock large helps maintain water levels docks canal owned family restoration canals subject active restoration projects local interest resulted formation canals preservation society promote restoration canal carry clearance repairs volunteers renamed canals trust worked alongside canal companies port council wide range bodies working regeneration valley enable significant sections canals return use north eastern section canal benefited job creation schemes run manpower services commission youth training scheme work northern section miles canal including restored locks basin received award quality work civic trust award million project jointly funded welsh office prince wales trust middle section refurbished canals society stream carried canal previously carried cast iron trough diverted channel cut canal bed high flows trough required construction new completed canals society launched trip boat named thomas july provide canal trips public provided boat trips trust lock keepers cottage south western section stretch canal locks lock iron bearing water began coal turned water orange deposited sediment canal treatment plant installed clean water million project commissioned thomas canal boat transferred northern southern section began running boat trips town centre initially run far million project involving staged draining sections enabled removal tons sediment rebuilding infrastructure extended section north east past basin lock stretch miles extend canal north east million project funded european_union objective project welsh assembly port council included complete replacement washed away flood commercial role canal time provide water industries near water flow maintained replacing missing arch pipes years later steel built finally canal taken new completed march yard plate believed longest single span feet wide includes sides navigation channel new car park provided locks renovated miles canal central following improvements ferry cycle route conjunction sustainable transport charity plans obstacles remain canal restoration completed join sections new bridge needed canal commercial road section need excavated original bridge commercial road buried beneath new embankment sufficient available embankment major alterations road level rebuilding locks lock create single stretch canal miles long extension south blocked bridge water level port council commissioned prince foundation british petroleum investigate options regeneration canal green area river railway line proposals suggested replaced lifting bridge canal presents problems basin scheduled ancient monument rebuilding lock resolution issues create miles canal ferry canal ends motorway plans ferry dock south short extension provide good terminus canal green area developing river frontage canal sides potential provide canal basin opposite end final locks severed realignment road construction road carried lot traffic bypass opened possibly rerouted original course bridge canal exists canal act repealed right navigation section ease process terminus near lamb flag public house south final locks unlikely restored canal prince wales dock river large marina construction tidal barrage provide link restored canal associated british ports run docks rejected idea canal link prince wales dock subject regeneration scheme route canal reserved planning document feasibility scheme possible route investigated report engineers published report natural resources wales recommended range initiatives better connect urban areas city rural east county including canal prince wales dock outlined report canals popular culture opening canal inspired elizabeth davies owned shop write verse poem published points interest


phoenix phoenix owned state california operated city san_francisco san_francisco bay phoenix known helping save marina district buildings destruction fire following earthquake worthy assistance resulted second vintage obtained city guardian phoenix based pier port san_francisco phoenix leads ships takes welcoming ceremonies history city san_francisco operated 1900s governor governor capable pumping gallons minute assisted military tried failed stop horrific fires swept city san_francisco earthquake new placed service david dennis sullivan steam powered boats rated gallons minute built edge panama pacific international exposition moved barge pier near intersection harrison street following exposition old fair buildings torn marina district built place served city years scrapped fill anticipated lack phoenix built hugh plant shipyard paid state california came contest publicized port authority winning suggestion submitted member phoenix society group san_francisco citizens interested civil fire protection phoenix mythical rose ashes appropriate city san_francisco risen seven times great fires phoenix feet long foot beam foot draft phoenix pump gallons pressure pounds square inch kpa rate gallons minute twice pressure knots mph service phoenix based san_francisco like predecessors docked pier remaining exposition buildings palace fine arts decades later phoenix subject discussions city budget late 1970s annual operating expenses million mayor george met san_francisco port commission determine phoenix refurbished replaced scrapped replacement improvement bond passed november build new local naval architects morris associates submitted design replace phoenix estimated construction costs far exceeded bond instead mayor funds phoenix phoenix action came april alarm blaze ferry building greatly damaged north end building losses came notable fires phoenix fought include pier burning lengthy battle piers night alarm explosive destroyed piers caused estimated million damage local shipping accidents responsibilities phoenix september norwegian freighter collided tanker independent resulting fires aboard ships phoenix responded coast guard quickly freighter blaze tanker took longer year later gasoline barge collided rocks near shore phoenix coast guard investigating barge exploded killing coast nearby phoenix rescued coast severe injuries fought blaze floating gasoline proved difficult subdue december tourist boat suffered engine fire cove phoenix flames coast guard rescued passengers crew marina district fires phoenix played notable role response earthquake october major earthquake san_francisco bay area hardest hit locations marina district san_francisco densely populated neighborhood built primarily 1920s rubble sand debris dumped edge bay following earthquake number buildings collapsed firefighters called rescue trapped residents subsequent sharp fire broke story building jefferson threatening nearby buildings fire engines connected city based auxiliary water supply system began fire explosion caused structure collapse fire fire crews forced assistance duty police civilian volunteers ran blocks away alternate sources explosions caused structures collapse newly laid time fire companies marina reporting water pressure problems regular municipal water system suffering broken underground lines loss stored water volume earthquake damage broken high pressure caused building collapses phoenix called assist fire crews waiting connect phoenix reported having difficulty getting close low tide conditions despite problems requiring pilot commander perform hazardous docking procedure phoenix ready pump marina blocks away fire time neighborhood threatened destruction fire fire crews manning laid anticipation firefighters burning buildings instructed hold ground soon water phoenix connected engine company ladder trucks commenced pumping bay fire crews renewed efforts making frontal attack burning structures soon fire department arrived carrying feet inch followed shortly tender connected phoenix relay water distant engine companies parallel effort lines inspected city workers temporary repairs high pressure pump stations brought operation supplying gallons minute phoenix worked marina fires control pumping continuously hours rate gallons minute total million gallons phoenix credited saving area destruction mayoral acts save city suggested budget cuts months later earthquake struck wrote boat saved marina greater role earthquake subject children book phoenix senator read book students opening new san_francisco elementary school dedicated august subsequent earthquake grateful marina property owners anonymous donor provide phoenix colleague guardian older built purchased city vancouver british_columbia refurbished piloted pacific_coast dock alongside phoenix pier shared house declared san_francisco historic landmark planned monument earthquake marina earthquake memorial focuses role phoenix marina effort incorporate original foot high tower monitor phoenix centerpiece memorial design ceremonial appearances phoenix taken lead role san_francisco bay regularly leads bay escorts famous ships entering bay tall ship events fleet week san_francisco phoenix threw water celebrate reopening san_francisco oakland bay bridge november following closure earthquake damage phoenix welcomed historic cruise independence san_francisco november july phoenix led parade sail golden gate bridge bay bridge famous tall ships parade included foot barque arm mexico foot russia ships included liberty ship brien presidential yacht uss based san_francisco bay phoenix led similar parade including california official tall ship based san_diego coast guard barque eagle brien took navy submarine crew maintenance phoenix normally operated crew vessel command officer engineer operates pumps engines pilot boat fire engine company officer firefighters handle pier seven men duty times serve engine dedicated seven able man emergency men work phoenix october engine called duty available pilot engineer hardy lieutenant bob pilot engineer licensed coast guard early 2000s san_francisco spent million year operate maintenance problems historic vessels increased point phoenix needed lifted dry dock extensive repairs hull thoroughly renovated california


ocean liner royal holland lloyd dutch lloyd built alexander stephen sons glasgow built fast mail passenger steamer service netherlands south_america sister ship royal holland lloyd torpedoed sunk german submarine march vessel neutral netherlands sinking caused great fury dutch public germans initially claimed sunk british torpedo fragments german torpedo found germans claimed fired torpedo march british warship remained active hitting days later dutch anger sinking germany spread rumors impending british invasion netherlands author called propaganda coup germany initially offered settlement ship original cost royal holland lloyd rejected international arbitration committee awarded company compensation germany loss ship followed attempt recover fortune gold coins wreck subject landmark court case salvage operation unsuccessful design construction ordered royal holland lloyd scottish firm alexander stephen sons glasgow grt ship feet long overall feet powered twin quadruple expansion steam engines powered double ended single ended boilers speed knots exceeded design requirements built cost according author luxurious passenger ships era royal holland lloyd extensive use electricity fans ventilation laundry equipment cigar passengers ship boasted spelled lights suspended funnels accommodate passengers class intermediate class special class class passengers liner launched november completed trials river clyde march career completion acceptance royal holland lloyd service amsterdam buenos_aires outbreak world war august returning south_america gold destined banks london large portion intended german bank london carrying german cargo grain destined germany making intermediate stop spain stopped boarded officer crewmen royal_navy cruiser escorted port plymouth german taken royal marines gold confiscated removed ship news accounts report occurred released plymouth allowed resume royal holland lloyd service october new_york_times carried report indicated run aground coast kent previous day according report returning buenos_aires suffered accident heading large number passengers article reported aid summoned dover indication extent damage december news overseas news agency berlin released report saying british seized south_america mail parcels ship united_states expressed concerns related dutch ships service united_states amsterdam british foreign office issued statement reported intended germany included packages rubber seven containers wool found mail sinking began regularly scheduled voyage amsterdam buenos_aires march nearly passengers despite royal holland lloyd advertisements boasted submarine signalling apparatus passenger ships sailing position nautical miles north hinder nautical miles dutch coast anchored march wait daylight avoid chance attack end ship completely illuminated crewmen aboard spotted stream bubbles rapidly approaching ship starboard followed explosion ship quickly began sinking distress calls sent answered ships rescued passengers members crew ship cargo total loss largest neutral vessel sunk entire war aftermath war british german press erupted vigorous attempts blame british germans angry british sides mind violation dutch neutrality german press explanation sunk british british reported liner sunk german torpedo german press countered saying torpedo sank ship british matter seemingly settled stray examined torpedo fragments bronze found embedded germany country bronze torpedoes presented evidence torpedo assigned small coastal submarine germans presented forged log showed near time attack reported fired specific torpedo british warship march days sunk minister netherlands henry van writing fighting peace called explanation amazing derided certain boat fired particular torpedo british war vessel north_sea days sunk shot missed mark naughty little torpedo went cruising sea hook days waiting chance kill somebody came wandering torpedo promptly ran ship sank explanation germany blame dutch public furious believed hostile german act help divert public anger country german diplomat richard von began coordinated campaign spread rumors impending british invasion netherlands author van van called german plan propaganda coup reports book netherlands world war rumors caused panic streets forced government declare day emergency march april despite rumor spreading germany offered compensation original cost rejected dutch countries agreed issue end war dispute finally settled compensation awarded royal holland lloyd salvage attempt wreck subject salvage dispute sets seeking recover reputed million worth gold coins million prices resolved english court decision remains leading authority english law takes possession sunken winning party war hero sydney vincent spent years trying access gold abandoned attempt concluding dangerous divers recover


steam line sailed london career ship built brothers dutch ship carry limited freight passengers rebuilt increased length metres world war line attempted maintain service march seized prize german submarine sailed german occupied belgium ship released german prize court september struck laid german submarine british coast sank loss lives career sister ship built william company brothers scotland ship launched november metres long perpendiculars metres powered single cylinder triple expansion steam engine indicated horsepower moved speed knots carry maximum passengers class second listed gross register tons grt completion february joined iii service london ships docked london ships docked customs house wool near tower bridge line service london offered daily sundays ship making multiple round trips week outbreak world war august line continued service london route frequently stopped german warships examined allowed proceed march left proceeded hook holland passing early morning hours march nautical miles southwest german submarine hailed von commanding officer clear intent seize sail german occupied captains vessels argued seizing vessel neutral country submarine spotted dutch steamer left officer sailor board proceeded stop similarly seize pilot boat led dutch ships minefields according popular mechanics passengers photographer able snap pictures ship encounter boat april international news service images photographer deposited library congress according popular mechanics published photos july edition photographs sense enormous size power latest german submarines dutch crew dutch citizens women children ship passengers released fourteen belgian men fighting age priests taken prisoner germans cargo fresh meat long tons short tons fresh eggs confiscated german personnel women children fed woman called black bread sent netherlands dutch government requested explanation germany seizure neutral vessels released german prize court september resumed london passenger service release german control london struck near north inner recently planted german coastal submarine according witness ship decks minutes explosion blew rear cargo hold hatch sent great deal cargo flying air sank minutes taking members crew american passenger


wood steel barge constructed historically important transitional canal barge surviving wooden canal boats transport bulk cargo including shipping connecticut long_island sound sank sunken vessel deteriorated point salvage operation result breaking apart added national_register_of_historic_places december description small wood steel canal barge measures feet long feet beam depth hold listed feet listed capacity tons transitional canal barge steel framing wood skeleton describes hull nearly rectangular profile section plan squared stern rounded bow low rise slightly peak join prominently projecting stem superstructure primarily single low convex hatch covers runs length shop rectangular cabin rises rear listed registry history constructed brooklyn new_york stewart driver canal later partner new_york company opened business company barge ferry materials including shipping connecticut long_island sound moored harbor spring barges began water dragging visible water importance historical importance design reflects construction 19th century canal boats record barge canal barge surviving wooden canal boats existence added national_register_of_historic_places december nomination listing unusual years old time nomination sank barges sank connecticut listed national_register_of_historic_places historic status barges concern port authority harbor sunken ships interfered billion dollar redevelopment project years barges deteriorated salvage operation likely result breaking apart action taken report noted prior activity federal transit administration city document barge photos technical description documentation based activity archived state historic preservation office mystic museum


wheel wheel rotating boat lift scotland connecting forth clyde canal union canal lift named nearby town central scotland opened canals time 1930s millennium link project plan central scotland canals glasgow edinburgh led british waterways support funding seven local authorities scottish enterprise network european regional development fund millennium commission planners decided early create dramatic 21st century landmark structure canals instead simply historic lock flight wheel raises boats metres union canal metres higher meets wheel boats pass pair locks wheel union canal wheel rotating boat lift kind world working boat lifts united_kingdom boat lift history link canals served wheel previously connected series locks metre difference height required tonnes long tons short tons water run took day pass flight 1930s fallen locks dismantled forth clyde canal closed end mid-1970s union canal filled ends rendered impassable places run pipes housing estate british waterways board came existence january day forth clyde closed objective finding broad strategy future canals united_kingdom decided meeting local councils forth clyde canal fragmented developments remaining preserved building new bridges sufficient boats continuing maintain existing locks restoration sea sea navigation deemed expensive time restrictions use survey report documented navigation sought opinions interested parties present forth clyde local subject plan proposal act resulted creation millennium commission funds raised sale lottery tickets selected good causes sufficient funds accumulated commission invited applications thought desirable support worthwhile causes mark year start new millennium conditions commission fund half project remaining balance covered project earlier plan reopening canal link covered necessary work announced plan bid funding submitted behalf millennium link partnership plans called canals opened original operating dimensions metres space water project budget million valentine day commission announced support link million funding project cost wheel associated basin priced million fifth total budget million raised years construction commence contributions seven local councils scottish enterprise private donations augmented million european regional development fund design morrison joint venture team submitted original design resembled wheel agreed parties design functional looking asked reconsider strong team architects engineers assembled british waterways led tony architects initial concepts images created mechanical concepts proposed design team intense period work final design concept completed week period summer final design cooperative effort british waterways board engineering engineering gear systems proposed concepts modeled year old daughter drawings artist impressions shown clients visitor centre designed architect paul inspirations design include double headed celtic axe ship whale described wheel beautiful organic flowing thing like spine fish royal fine art commission scotland described form contemporary sculpture models wheel displayed exhibition victoria albert museum london wheel featured new series notes issued bank scotland series notes commemorates scottish engineering achievements illustrations bridges scotland forth bridge construction march secretary state scotland cut turf begin work lock forth clyde canal people employed construction wheel designed years wheel fully constructed assembled engineering plant structure dismantled summer transported loads sections ground lifted place construction canal required cubic metres excavation metre canal tunnel metres diameter metres metres set locks number bridges metres access roads metres rough castle tunnel driven stages upper quarters standard lower half dug modified road millimetres layers technique cent cheaper reduced build time tunnel weeks technical considerations ground wheel built previously open cast fire clay coal tar works resulting contamination canal tar mercury metres loosely packed mining operations containing large sandstone considered adequately solid foundation size structure deep foundations thirty metres concrete piles bedrock changing load wheel alternating directions sections experience total stress order avoid fatigue lead cracks sections bolts bolt holes engineered originally described eventually realised millimetres original plans showed canal built straight wall changed petition favour locks tunnel wall opening ceremony queen elizabeth_ii opened wheel golden jubilee celebrations opening delayed month flooding caused forced open wheel gates damage cost repair resulted dry flooded damaging electrical hydraulic equipment operation structure wheel overall diameter metres consists opposing arms extending metres central axle taking shape celtic inspired double headed axe sets axe shaped arms connected metre diameter central axle length metres opposed water filled capacity litres imp gal gal fitted ends arms carry combined weight tonnes long tons short tons water boats weighing tonnes long tons short tons care taken maintain water levels balancing weight arm according principle floating objects displace weight water boat enters water leaving weighs exactly boat achieved maintaining water levels millimetres site wide computer control system comprising water level sensors automated pumps takes kilowatts power hydraulic motors consume hours half turn roughly boiling water metres wide hold metre long canal boats watertight doors end match doors located upper structure lower dock pit space concerns normal door dramatically reduce useful length vertically rising doors chosen doors raised base powered hydraulic lance docked engine room area housing machinery drive wheel located final pillar contains seven chambers connected access door located ground level entrance halfway tower crane facilitate installation equipment ground floor houses wheel wheel flooded april room filled floor standby generator supply wheel fail second floor houses pair hydraulic pumps drive hydraulic motors chamber power supplied directly axle hydraulic motors double brakes connected motor gear system reduce rotation speed mechanism required turn wheel order remain level whilst weight generally sufficient rotate mechanism large sized gears connected smaller ones ensures turn precisely correct speed remain correctly balanced end supported small wheels run rails inside face metre diameter holes ends arms rotation controlled train gears alternating pattern metre diameter ring gears smaller gears external teeth shown picture large central gear fitted loosely axle machine room end fixed place prevent rotating smaller gears fixed arms wheel machine room end motors rotate central axle arms swing small gears engage central gear results smaller gears rotating higher speed wheel direction smaller gears engage large ring gears end driving speed wheel opposite direction rotation arms keeps stable perfectly level docking pit docking pit drydock like port isolated lower canal basin means watertight gates kept dry means water pumps wheel stops arms vertical position possible boats enter exit lower gates open flooding docking pit space docking pit arms wheel immersed water lower canal basin time wheel rotated lower difficult turn wheel visitor centre visitor centre located east lower basin boat trips wheel depart approximately hour wheel opened million people visited million taken boat trip people visiting wheel annually


edward edward use buffalo fire department buffalo new_york united_states originally named william built crescent shipyard elizabeth port new_jersey age rebuilt renamed return service following year renamed edward namesake edward buffalo leader local firefighters union recently died edward considered oldest active world designated national historic landmark duties winter edward buffalo rivers edward mounts fire monitors capable pumping gallons minute imp gal min seen sailing berth south west lake returning north firing fire monitors construction ship edward built crescent shipyard elizabeth port new_jersey originally named william paid fire commissioner city buffalo construction started march christened september virginia pearson young daughter city fire commissioners final construction cost ship completed ship length beam drew belt line swedish steel included hull duties william powered coal fired boilers steam engines rated horsepower single propeller provided propulsion rated speed ship knots mph ship equipped double action steam pumps supplied water gallons minute imp gal min fire monitors fire monitors mounted forward section ship stern section history beginning twentieth century buffalo waterfront extremely busy center commerce grain elevators warehouses shipping traffic existing john engine george potter engine city buffalo shoreline allow serve floating pumping stations supplying high pressure water fire system covered downtown area decision city officials order boat capability normal duties completion traveled atlantic coast lawrence river lake ontario canal finally lake uneventful trip took days met miles harbor sister escorted fire july william responded oil barge james loaded barrels crude oil burning hours barge lines gave way barge began drift william crew attempted attach tow lines drifting barge struck dock oil company oil tanker moored ignited causing explosion fire william captain thomas crew abandoned ship swam flames shore chief engineer thomas lynch william lost life seven crew members injured boilers william soon ran dry exploded leaving ship burned heavily damaged william sat boarded eighteen months city fire department officials decided replace cost dollars rebuild dollars dollars original cost decision rebuild rebuilt buffalo dry dock company buffalo new_york refit improvements william improvement boilers converted burning coal burning oil engines rebuilt system updated handle foam fire pilot house raised upper boat deck level fixed turret tower fire monitor constructed stern ship fourth fire monitor added pilot house ship acceptance ceremony participated race harbor kentucky considered fastest great lakes refit early 1950s noticed william showing signs age boilers able operate percent capacity engine room steam leak injured crew november william sent bay dry dock company bay wisconsin refit refit boilers steam engines replaced diesel engines pumps system replaced single propeller replaced twin propellers fixed platform replaced operated platform twin funnels replaced lower dummy funnels return renamed renamed honor edward respected buffalo leader local firefighters union recently died refit edward mounted fire monitors capable pumping gallons minute imp gal min international october edward came aid authorities port ontario canada days previously october set grain elevators caught fire story maple leaf company port fire department unable bring fire control buffalo fire department asked send edward lend assistance escorted united_states_coast_guard cutter needed navigational equipment edward proceeded international border voyage port took hours additional hours needed bring fire control mission said instance united_states fire boat crossed international border help authorities country notable rescues uss little rock retired united_states naval guided missile cruiser display buffalo county naval military park began taking water listing edward buffalo fire department fire engines pumped water little rock days keeping ship afloat level repairs edward assisted disabled united_states_coast_guard cutter winter lake lost steering taking water edward towed base buffalo helped afloat repairs rescue occurred july edward towed polish tall ship sand bar ship visit buffalo heritage commerce declined buffalo waterfront edward transferred buffalo fire department public works department duties edward designated national historic landmark transferred buffalo fire department non profit group named friends founded running fund raising events overhaul edward normal duties edward sent festivals boat shows great lakes fire boats edward great lakes william operated toronto fire service operates lake ontario curtis operated detroit fire department operates detroit river


cargo ship morgan line subsidiary southern pacific company world war known service united_states_army uss service united_states_navy end war reverted original built sister ships carried cargo limited number passengers morgan line acquired army united_states entered world war april converted carry horses france february fought minute gun battle german submarines destroying august ship transferred navy continued transporting animals end war returned morgan line sailed june entire morgan line fleet purchased united_states maritime commission serving civilian cargo ship world war torpedoed sunk german submarine april early career cargo passenger steamship launched september newport news dry dock newport news virginia yard delivered atlantic division morgan line december newest sister ships older gross register tons grt feet inches long feet inch knots vessel sailed morgan line brand southern pacific steamship company subsidiary southern pacific railroad employed carry cargo limited number passengers new_york new_orleans eastern terminus southern pacific line april new_york_times reported loaded cargo rammed schooner fog new_jersey coast responding wireless message savannah steamer city montgomery came alongside offer assistance refused fate schooner reported world war united_states declared war germany april united_states_army needing transports men france select committee shipping executives american shipping committee selected thirteen american ships sufficiently fast carry fuel crossings importantly port far sea discharged load passengers cargo officially handed army troop transportation undertaken ships hastily refitted fourteen ships including designated carry animals cargo designated carry human passengers ships designated carry animals ramps stalls built ships gun platforms installed ship docked brooklyn navy yard guns installed ships manned merchant officers crews carried navy officers navy gun crews wireless operators senior navy officer board control ship came attack american convoy carrying units american expeditionary force broken groups fourth group edward escorts consisting cruiser louis navy transport destroyers departed group morning june brest france steaming knot pace thwarted submarine attack convoy group reports heavy submarine activity brest resulted change convoy destination saint departed saint july company convoy mates edward joining return trip army transport navy armed navy cruiser seattle flagship rear admiral albert head navy cruiser transport force sources reveal movements months april chicago daily reported encounter german submarines occurred february minute running gun battle naval armed aboard exchanged fire boats port starboard news item reported gunners demolished attackers recorded convoy trip took place march sailed navy transports martha washington army transport ship finland cruiser arriving france april sailed president grant stores ship bridge italian steamer contingent transports newport news italian steamer convoy escorted american cruiser destroyers little convoy arrived france july departed newport news navy transports martha washington return port gas august transferred navy commissioned day commander campbell loaded cargo horses sailed france september animals died destroyed voyage cargo saint returned november port armistice germany signed november loaded short tons cargo animals second navy voyage departing november ship arrived december returning baltimore repairs alterations included removal armament stalls animal cargo sailed january cargo army occupation embarked passengers return united_states decommissioned new_york march delivered united_states shipping board day interwar civilian service returned march resumed cargo service morgan line years routine operation 1930s sailing new_york galveston route involved notable events july fire cargo hold southbound nautical miles norfolk virginia initial radio message reported crew blaze control proved case headed docked norfolk grain elevator requested assistance local firefighters september came aid morgan passenger liner driven french reef labor day hurricane headed new_orleans new_york grounded reef located nautical miles south miami florida nautical miles shore ships responded distress calls carried loads passengers baggage miami loss life grounding rescue passengers january issued distress gulf_of_mexico reported fire nautical miles south mouth mississippi_river coast guard german freighter responded reached burning vessel reported gotten fire control needed assistance headed galveston following month issued distress time broken rudder nautical miles virginia coast guard cutter responded towed norfolk delivering february world war june united_states maritime commission announced entire morgan line fleet ships including remaining sister ships ships finish previously scheduled cargo runs handed following weeks charged assembling grt fleet aid fighting germany world war paid million ships million repairs handed war shipping administration galveston july assigned united_states lines inc operation cargo ship placed registry lines little known movements months january left boston halifax loaded general cargo arriving halifax february joined convoy headed liverpool february arriving destination february days later sailed arrived march time depart convoy convoy arrived march cargo took partial ballast load ore departed convoy april april position german submarine command fired torpedoes struck engine room nearly breaking vessel half went stern minutes time launch minutes sinking hms convoy escorts rescued ship man crew remaining crewmen died


limited operating indian domestic airline based hub delhi international airport carrier joint venture sons singapore commenced operations january inaugural flight delhi mumbai airline carried million passengers june april share domestic carrier market airline operates seventeen destinations fleet aircraft airline introduce premium economy seats domestic routes india history airline founded joint venture india sons singapore companies bid mid-1990s launch service carrier india unsuccessful denied regulatory approval indian government india opening airline sector percent foreign direct investment decided float airline company india limited envisaged premium service carrier cater demands high end business travellers india civil aviation market dominated low cost carriers india foreign investment promotion board approved october allowing percent stake airline parent companies initially pledged invest combined start capital sons owning percent singapore owning remaining percent second major foray aviation sector minority stake india company venture established 1930s later flag carrier air india company unveiled brand identity august taken sanskrit word meaning received air operator certificate general civil aviation december started operations january carrier operate domestic services new terminal mumbai international airport august inaugurated aviation security training institute house institute training cockpit cabin crew security staff related aviation industry institute secured necessary body bureau civil aviation security month operation consistently achieved high time performance records percent highest india domestic carriers august declared carried half million passengers seven months operations february share domestic carrier market corporate affairs march shifted new office horizon center tower sector satellite city delhi chose chief executive officer ceo chief commercial officer singapore background initially started member board comprising group group chairman august airline expanded board introducing new members equity billion million billion million initially planned january managing director joined new chairman following retirement march appointed chief strategy commercial officer successor scheduled leave mid april following completion destinations flies following destinations india agreements agreements following air france british jet air india singapore fleet operates following aircraft took delivery aircraft new delhi september airline plans delivery thirteen original aircraft seven aircraft initial order march announced airline planning unspecified number narrow body wide body aircraft enhance domestic network launch international flights years services cabin business class service carrier offers business class seats rows configuration fleet business class seats inches wide inches seat pitch premium economy airline india introduce premium economy class domestic market present offers premium economy seats rows configuration total seats single aisle aircraft fleet inches wide having pitch inches flight entertainment april flight entertainment screens installed provides pre loaded business class march started content directly passengers personal electronic devices way connection systems flight entertainment system catering flight food air catering joint venture company headed chef executive chef hotels group offers different meals cabin different time day breakfast lunch dinner options vegetarian non vegetarian dish economy class vegetarian dishes non vegetarian dish premium economy vegetarian non vegetarian dishes business class cabin menu typically changed seventh day different lunch dinner provides special meals request hours departure lounge march inaugurated premium lounge service business class passengers club gold card holders departure level terminal international airport delhi lounge spread square metres air seat passengers time frequent program uses club frequent program operates value based program awards points basis money spent tickets miles travelled passengers january announced partnership agreement singapore allow club members earn miles program silk air flights vice versa


flight flight marketed delta connection flight scheduled united_states domestic passenger flight lexington kentucky atlanta georgia operated behalf delta connection morning august regional jet flight crashed attempting blue grass airport county kentucky miles kilometers west central business district city lexington aircraft assigned airport runway takeoff runway instead runway short safe takeoff causing aircraft overrun end runway airborne crashed past end runway killing passengers crew flight officer survivor pilot command according cockpit voice recorder officer pilot flying time accident national transportation safety board report crash investigators concluded likely cause crash pilot error flight details flight sold delta air lines brand delta connection flight operated flight usually identified flight flight scheduled land jackson atlanta international airport aircraft involved seat regional jet serial number manufactured canada january delivered airline january crash aircraft assigned airport runway takeoff runway instead analysis cockpit voice recorder indicated aircraft cleared runway feet strip airline traffic lexington instead confirming runway captain clay runway secondary runway feet long turned controls officer james takeoff air traffic controller required maintain visual contact aircraft clearing aircraft takeoff turned perform administrative duties aircraft taxi runway investigators concluded likely cause crash pilot error board concluded clay ignored clues wrong runway failed confirm position runway talked violation sterile cockpit procedures later accepted responsibility crash placed blame airport called poor runway signs markings federal aviation administration air traffic controller duty contrary memo previously issued workers overnight shifts judge ruled owned county governments airport sovereign immunity sued based estimated takeoff weight pounds manufacturer calculated speed knots miles hour kilometers hour distance feet needed rotation increasing nose pitch runway needed achieve lift speed approaching knots mph remarked weird lights referring lack lighting runway hour yeah confirmed clay flight data recorder gave indication pilot tried takeoff aircraft accelerated knots mph clay called rotation aircraft sped end runway lift struck low wall adjacent ditch momentarily airborne airport perimeter fence landing gear smashed trees separating fuselage flight deck tail aircraft struck ground feet end runway people board perished accident died instantly initial impact resulting fire destroyed aircraft victims passengers crew members board flight died released passenger manifest august passengers citizens lexington area ranging age included young couple married previous day traveling california honeymoon memorial service victims held august lexington opera house second public memorial service held september arena lexington lexington herald leader published list victims short biographies flight memorial commission established shortly crash create appropriate memorial victims community supported commission chose university kentucky memorial site survivor james officer suffered injuries including multiple broken bones collapsed lung severe bleeding lexington airport police officers pulled wreckage underwent surgery injuries including left leg doctors later determined suffered brain damage memory crash events leading august wheelchair user month filed lawsuit airport company designed runway taxi lights january episode piers morgan live reported estates families passengers filed lawsuits response attorney william johnson raised possibility passengers asked attorney david meant johnson replied aware dangerous conditions existed considerable media coverage necessity improving runway conditions airport time johnson submitted defense able speak time newspapers reported court documents johnson said told criticized statements withdraw argument prior employment worked international captain aftermath course investigation federal aviation administration discovered tower levels blue grass airport violated internal policy reflected november memorandum requiring controllers overnight shift tower working clearance ground tower frequencies tower remotely indianapolis center working radar time accident single controller tower performing tower radar duties august announced lexington airports similar traffic levels staffed controllers tower clock effective immediately discovered accident pilots airport map accurately reflect changes airport layout ongoing construction work later determined contribute accident construction work halted accident orders circuit judge order preserve evidence crash pending inspection safety experts attorneys families victims april acting recommendation national transportation safety board investigation issued safety notice reiterated advice pilots positively confirm position crossing hold short line runway initiating takeoff acting recommendation advised pilot training include specific guidance runway lighting requirements night released reports january including recordings engineering report april recommendations measures avoid fatigue affecting performance air traffic controllers prevent controllers carrying non essential administrative tasks aircraft control recommendations published course investigation accident flight prompted earlier accidents board unable determine fatigue contributed accident july flying instructor testified failed pilots violating sterile cockpit rules later month released final report accident citing non conversation contributing factor accident july united_states district judge ruled delta held liable crash wholly owned subsidiary atlanta based airline maintains management policies employs pilots december following year granted passenger family motion partial summary judgment determining matter law flight crew substantial factor causing crash flight runway blue grass airport closed march new foot runway runway opened august runway built separate location connected runway families passengers sued families victims settled airline filing litigation sample cases heard august trial indefinitely postponed reached settlement majority families cases brought airport authority arguing share compensation payments resolved case airport authority dismissed sovereign immunity grounds ruling upheld kentucky supreme_court october case united_states settlement reached united_states agreeing pay liability crash agreed pay remaining passengers families settled cases day jury trial lexington kentucky ended december estate daughters year old awarded damages million challenged verdict excessive april judge overruled objections upheld verdict case formally known set damages jury trial july trial different jury decide guilty gross substantial factor causing crash damages jury deemed appropriate decision allow jury trial reversed later hearing judge ruling company couldn punished conduct pilot probable cause public meeting july announced probable cause accident follows national transportation safety board determines probable cause accident flight crew members failure use available cues aids identify airplane location airport surface taxi failure cross check verify airplane correct runway takeoff contributing accident flight crew conversations taxi resulted loss awareness federal aviation administration failure require runway crossings authorized specific air traffic control captain clay wife strongly disputes laying primary blame pilots stating factors contributed including staffed control tower inaccurate runway map similar accidents incidents commercial jet blue grass airport cleared takeoff runway mistakenly took runway instead tower personnel noticed mistake canceled aircraft takeoff clearance crew realized error aircraft subsequently safe departure runway january cleared blue grass airport runway mistakenly turned runway takeoff clearance canceled local controller prior start takeoff roll october crew singapore flight mistakenly closed runway departure international airport boeing collided construction equipment takeoff roll resulting deaths passengers crew board