swedish town municipality finland center capital region located southeast lake drains gulf river march population inhabitants town began 17th century growth tar industry succumbed russian forces greater wrath 18th century ruined castle today local economy driven mainly lumber paper industries paper mill main employer closed church built neo gothic style architect replacing earlier church town theatre established home football clubs ice hockey team university applied sciences small university applied sciences established history cities founded swedish governor general finland time region wood country important producer tar derived pine tar trade major industry district court sessions responsible authorizing road built improving communications region greater wrath 18th century castle forced surrender russian forces russians blew castle march ruins october general august won key victory south near battle finnish war army defeated russians monument east river marking spot lieutenant major general fell early medical doctor best known compiling national epic finland appointed district physician assigned assist dealing cholera epidemic raging 1830s disease difficult treat soon fell ill end february recovered severely affected famine devastated finland town gradually recovered end century grown inhabitants town hall built city library elementary school church grew notable settlement paper industry took early 20th century particular paper mill built run firm capital eventually acquired subsidiary electronics formed power plant built river lumber company underwent alterations architect 1940s city population grew 1960s inhabitants industrial development 1970s merger separate rural municipality city saw population jump consolidated beginning oil spill occurred water leaked river eventually flowed lake geography situated heart central finland road kilometres north northwest kilometres north kilometres southeast villages vicinity include districts include lies river lakes drains gulf river smaller lakes frozen winter stands river rivers noted fishing island lies lake northwest town features residential houses summer cottages holiday apartments island lies eastern lake municipality square kilometres lake maximum depth metres notable nesting area great black backed surrounding area dominated mainly forest broad birch woods banks streams early 20th century analysis vegetation cover county recorded different species plants nature reserve nearly natural forest different wildlife species local area logging planned 1980s environmental activists prevented exploitation lobbying reserve formally established climate lies climate zone proximity baltic_sea warm atlantic result climate locations latitude summers cool hottest month usually july average temperature highs reached summer months june september summers rainfall reaching peak august rainfall fairly constant year dry season winters harsh temperatures drop peak cold season average lasts december march average daily high temperature greatest snowfall january demographics march municipality population town covers area square kilometres km2 water population density inhabitants square kilometre municipality finnish people speak swedish language government city_council consists members following municipal election seats divided centre party party national coalition party left alliance social democratic_party independent green league christian democrats city_council party city government includes parties exception christian democrats headed mayor duty civil servant independent city_council economy income million earlier history thriving center tar industry channel built especially transportation tar town exists today today local economy driven mainly lumber paper industries paper mill established largest private employer factories river bank built new paper machine town projected annual output tons eventually acquired subsidiary electronics formed electronics cited leading makers special sensors pulp paper industry paper mill acquired largest paper company finland closed lack high energy costs continued operations sold early 1970s electronics manufacturing plant built firm established industry earned million annually hectares allocated production private firm contracted exploit deliver power plant according figures earns million year selling forestry products receives sizable income tourist related activities forests fishing contributes income people town main hotels room hotel original hotel manor house functions hotel rooms restaurant cited best restaurant town serves finnish cuisine housed government building hosted conferences note chinese restaurant golden dragon serves spanish cuisine central hospital serves wider region situated opened number specialist medical departments cooperation university hospital town eye clinic brigade unit finnish army established biggest employer city brigade trains year employs military personnel civilians landmarks castle located island river centre city originally built commissioned charles sweden castle served administrative centre prison military base refuge citizens town hall main square built design central rooftop turret underwent restoration painted yellow color church built neo gothic style architect replaced earlier church spot originally built destroyed russians time castle destroyed second church built served parish years replaced new church church built wood features delicate slender bell tower decorated english gothic style carvings orthodox church regional membership members centred christ church church completed designs contains murals painted suburb church originally built considered regional centre lutheran church mosque town center regional islamic community members house containing cafe built commemorate famous poet native town wooden stable boarding house alexander russia tour finland note memorial dedicated finnish president metres high monument carved sculptor unveiled september exactly years birth culture town theatre established puts plays concerts typically seen people art museum located building police station connected city hall founded centers finnish modern art museum displays information related tar industry national epic finland author ground floor regularly hosts temporary exhibitions upstairs notable annual cultural events poetry week originally known jazz spring orchestra began 1950s expanded garrison band moved radio finland oldest local radios began operations remains completely independent radio stations finland radio belongs broadcasts monday friday education town served university applied sciences small university applied sciences established provides courses activity tourism information systems nursing healthcare mechanical mining engineering business innovations offers bachelor degree programmes master programmes delivered finnish research center developmental teaching learning university consortium associated university institute enrollment students mid 1990s government run music institute founded congress culture centre largest musical finland enrollment wider region music dance department ballet teaches dance dancers different ages public library situated street free internet access mobile library service journal publishing sports football clubs formed merger plays home games men football team currently plays division formed plays stadium men football team currently plays division local ice hockey team plays league ice inaugurated spectators seating standing race course miles north centre hosts competitions summer season track completed new café restaurant hiking paths skiing tracks sports grounds municipality hills notable local ski areas frequented tourists winter months fishing popular banks river golf course dancing town transport daily bus service operating bus runs hourly summer months cruise service operating railway station opened railway completed extension railroad station building designed station underwent significant upgrading repair work railway electrified trains arrive daily journey taking hours depending train daily trains connecting trains airport approximately kilometres northwest area main local airport operated serves needs non commercial general aviation construction airport began runway completed autumn world war fully opened june provides flights connection operates summer twice daily times day winter schedule period airport served passengers notable people ice hockey player poet journalist athlete shooter ice hockey player ski actor dancer musician ice hockey player 8th president finland guitar player international relations twin towns sister cities


suburb reading english county located south west reading town centre population settlement lies primarily london bath road river area sparsely populated second world war excavations revealed evidence iron age activity roman saxon time william undertook survey sufficiently established warrant lord manor time william 16th century onwards manor owned family sold manor house 1920s area subsequently developed housing land changed agricultural residential large proportion land housing classified flood meadow providing flood plains river forms electoral ward reading area seen safe seat labour conservatives held seat council 1980s residents generally self classify christian male life area lower national estimate female slightly higher work benefits prevalent surrounding areas education lower reading average residents self evaluation health near settlement junction branches great western main line reading line reading line railways preceded canal passes south settlement lock canal history recorded book referred present spelling entering usage 15th century alternative comparable neighbouring originates old english meaning south cottage likely circuit lane primary roads derives lane corruption lane similar development names occurred manor near early history lower materials recovered excavations area iron age occupation located houses constructed 20th century saxon found contained ashes bone fragments given museum reading polished stone found excavation manor 1960s uncovered roman british medieval artefacts pottery sample discovered originated oxford 2nd century similarly found area roman pottery found vicinity clay pits prospect park brick works later discovered cottages south excavation suggests bronze age waterfront branch river report historic buildings monuments commission england known english_heritage detailed discovery fragments cottages showing fish traps river near archaeological findings timber structures adjacent trap suggest dated ninth century later discoveries 1980s gravel extraction area uncovered evidence landing stage river channel 11th 15th century settlement grew largely medieval house manor norman conquest held saxon landowner priest edward settlement documented book total population households consisting villagers manor house mentioned time mill fishery valued lord manor time william 1st lord early house built owned henry house supplied water channel nearby holy brook henry death estate inherited son michael cup bearer henry_ii grant free warren family manor manor 13th century house passed family passed marriage drew family wiltshire family margaret heir manor died following year suggested held manor valued trustee behalf hugh time brick house built replace earlier dwelling death son drew reported contradiction manor held abbot reading work section victoria county history peter william henry page write point correct tenure evidently lost drew granddaughter margaret manor passed marriage william windsor 2nd baron windsor william grandson henry 5th baron windsor sold manor anthony early 16th century 16th century 19th century family wealthy landowners reading manor passed family included mathematician john built new house lease document dated suggests manor divided brothers daniel cousin john inherited manor death time english civil war siege reading allowed robert 3rd earl essex use manor headquarters family sympathetic said hosted oliver john robert blake council war house oak rooms january daniel signatories charles death warrant wrote 4th earl point century manor house largely rebuilt existing 15th century vaulted retained come restoration end war daniel fled england died saw development opening navigation river vessels far upstream canal continued century 18th century manor continued pass family including john married john page suggest couple related marriage daniel samuel wrote manor mansion house remained property family point resided nearby park year house near farm west manor renamed lodge incorporated estate house let charles son charles born house later fathered architect sir mentioned samuel lewis dictionary england described parish mary reading population reading branch great western main line built following year reading line opened east railways junction years later water pumping station built alongside canal lock facility owned reading corporation connected bath road reservoir miles north east provided reading source water originated upstream town widow lieutenant governor jersey niece henry 2nd earl lived sons time expanded population houses imperial england wales john wilson stated real property valued tenure manor let family money slave trading plantation ownership family relatives hastings labourers taken court reading charged intent year old servant girl trial reading observer reported rumours circulation person connected case committed suicide supposedly wealth social status dissuade witnesses case apparently abandoned eccentric wealthy added ballroom building replacing timber chapel began construction house distinctive tower year died complete building work abandoned 20th century manor remained family early 20th century owned henry barry henry died manor house demolished lying following death wife sarah respectively house purchased contractor intentions demolish site society protection ancient buildings organised committee attempt raise money save house sphere reported bricks oak demand likely removed use building demolition reading central goods railway station opened branch line junction decades 20th century remained rural undeveloped ordnance survey map shows majority land agricultural farms number gravel pits 1930s saw construction park estate housing estate built land inherited death william berkeley park ordnance survey map shows greater provision population opposed industry gravel pits longer existed presentation college boys school opened large victorian buildings oakland hall suburban villa built 1870s advent world war begun experience urban reading land bordering great western railway begun housing following war field bath road celebratory events battle britain commemorative held september featured performance rocky recognise work war field gained reputation location outdoor community events comparable places park park 1950s huge building project centred coronation square named coronation queen elizabeth_ii hundreds council houses built satisfy post war demand residents moved houses central east reading fell short requirements public health act purchased later demolished gatehouse manor stood 1960s fire broke demolished way housing reading central goods station closed branch line ceased operate years later track bed removed decade campaign started raise million save decaying mansion prospect park building described likely demolished plans existed convert building offices 1990s building renovated opened restaurant presentation college went administration taken society licensed renamed school school closed following closure taylor applied build new homes site competing proposal community group west reading education network reopen site free school known housing plan rejected taylor appealed reading borough council submitted revised plan homes left room school appeal taken high_court ruled site solely education school opened year seven pupils september government local elections forms electoral ward reading west constituency seats reading borough council seen safe seat labour_party conservative party won council seat current edwards john matt lawrence recent election held saw edwards elected ward seen elections lawrence elected following pete death lawrence resigned seat contested candidates labour liberal democrats green party conservatives held labour_party gained votes like reading boundaries ward ward holds elections thirds seats available years seat comes election elected incumbent listed bold community government number action groups including residents association general residents interests neighbourhood action group police council relations globe environmental issues park estate large area semi detached housing roads built elected volunteer committee geography ward bounded north north east battle east south east south south west west forms boundary reading west boundaries formed park north west northern edge prospect park north reading railway line east channels river south western boundary runs housing farm area south west western boundaries west formally bordered settlements farm west north west reading north east east south east south topography bordered south holy brook river land south area proximity river led flooding roads residences particularly united_kingdom winter floods flooding exacerbated routes holy brook railway line railway crosses stream bridges locations embankment acts dissipation similarly report west council found floods single track road holy brook mill acted barrier rising waters backing flood plain fields finally breached network rail plans electrification great western main line include provision flood defences line proximity holy brook elevation ranges metres north west extreme ward data records metres ordnance survey metres approximately metres north south geology geology includes reading formation rock strata group consisting clay sand formed period bedrock formed chalk geological surveys finding flint samples map produced geological survey great_britain identifies area predominantly plastic clay known group chalk north river flint gravel samples typical formation south specifically survey showed different types gravel including winter hill sandy lynch hill sand gravel lenses clay head deposit usually formed survey identified land south worked ground area gravel pits leisure british geological survey defines ground areas ground cut away wholly partially worked ground areas ground cut away road built environment settlement concentrated south bath road consists substantially planned post war housing constructed housing majority dwellings semi detached account residences dwellings flats reading high rise dwellings storey tower blocks built late 1950s home ownership average reading area use social housing local average main lane runs east west area connecting farm west east centred coronation square area open grassland surrounded community facilities commercial premises north bath road prospect park large urban park surrounding mansion house development south restricted holy brook great western main line land recreation proposals occasionally forward build housing land south railway line subject tree preservation order land defined reading borough council meadows stretches road near western boundary bridge foot lock parts subject similar restrictions including areas adjacent north railway embankment trees lining canal west lock individual sites parks open spaces prospect park largest open spaces reading ward smaller parks linear park farm lane playground community coronation square designated green space centre bordering prospect park devil dip gravel clay pit site recognised reading borough council area wildlife historical interest examples ash horse chestnut trees grow flora found site include elder flowers lesser queen anne lace appearing spring butterflies species woodland bird prevalent area according united_kingdom census population area male female increase residents compared census compared ward boundaries population changed census majority residents ward identify christian people religion counting population second prevalent religion islam people identifying muslim vast majority residents white british reading average residents identify black african mixed heritage pakistani indian black caribbean population born speak english language residents speak english life years males lower national estimate females years slightly higher national estimate years census counted reading labour market population deemed economically active population engaged employment classified unemployed work benefit payments lone parent disability benefits higher reading average residence evaluate health good lower reading average economy historically land farming gravel extraction farms farm honey end farm manor farm farm area kelly lists residents lane employed labourers dairy farmers resident member county police major general resided lodge ordnance survey map surveyed 1870s identifies farming gravel industries declined expansion reading second world war existence anti extraction groups save meadows residents gravel extraction rage 1980s suggests demand industry area remained mid-1980s group reportedly owned land near site manor intent gravel primary centres economical activity coronation square farm lane coronation square home number commercial community premises including post office food outlets healthcare businesses pet shop community centre library square featured public house demolition land subsequently affordable housing farm lane small parade shops businesses including convenience store border includes supermarket boots smaller shops opened survey revealed public thought site run required planning application submitted reading borough council developer plans site branches owned public houses prospect park mansion pub george dragon located westernmost extreme owned king operated hungry horse outlet service station petrol filling station express convenience store adjacent culture community years following second world war hosted number community events field included motorcycle racing events held stars bill kitchen george raced conservative party field church fundraising holds annual coronation square event organised community groups local churches community centres event focuses cuisine live music children entertainment reading branch canal trust meet talks meetings undertake maintenance work canal area public services thames valley police grouped neighbourhood residents identified illegal parking excessive speed concern area use mini measures alleviate parking introduced early ban parking road verge june signs installed lane mill warn motorcycle users prohibition right way majority reported crime violent sexual attacks incidents nature reported june mile radius coronation square highest concentration crime occurs near service station road neighbourhood liaison sessions known meetings held coronation square surgery operated healthcare foundation trust located junction circuit lane lane late practice subject significant local media coverage surgery general practitioners resigned facilities include prospect park hospital catering patient mental health psychiatric intensive care kent sue group north west reading clinical commissioning group headquarters located bath road number council funded community facilities including library community centre children centre number community organisations elderly residents social club litter picking groups existence area reading rescue rivers environmental spaces clean event rural litter picking initiative operates periodically parks tracks transport situated north motorway approximately halfway junctions reading central reading west reading branch great western mainline railway eastern boundary settlement junction reading reading lines line branch line ran junction closure 1980s number designed brick arch bridges reading line described notably preserved examples designated heritage assets network rail bridge carries main reading road originally timber replaced steel deck great western railway company linked reading number reading buses services bath road services stopping service named jet black links reading canal pleasure boating located lock bridge canal accessible near bridge mill lock designated portion national cycle route world war established near park aviator based gave gave flights meadows crash landed farm junction pilot able jump plane crashed ran alongside collided near railway embankment education primary schools situated manor primary school holy brook special educational needs school primary school recent schools achieved good rating secondary schools operation prospect school specialist sport school run academy system latest report school judged require improvement secondary school blessed hugh catholic school catholic school named reading abbot hugh cook alias school deemed good latest inspection september school school opened site school operates school envisaged volunteer network reading borough council identified school capacity educational lower reading national average students equivalent attain passes compared reading figure nationally number students achieving level writing key stage wider reading area national percentage higher overall proportion residents qualifications higher reading based court grounds prospect school headquarters central base music school religious sites reading diocese oxford anglican church dedicated matthew united reformed church built shortly housing estate occupied christian mission established catholic_church english situated adjacent prospect park northernmost boundary ward valley free church farm boundary provision found closer reading town centre east reading sport main football club team won east division beaten teams currently play respective premier division peter youth league team currently league oxford mail youth football league notable people family john mathematician daniel member parliament charles death warrant john member parliament appeared james_bond film soundtrack death michael bond born author creator bear


triangle triangle acre local nature reserve london immediately east saved time britain public inquiry ruled planned development land ahead value nature opened nature reserve area consists mainly secondary birch woodland locally uncommon willow wet woodland small area acid grassland track curve railway reserve supports varied population plants birds amphibians insects wildlife managed london wildlife trust reserve free admission maintained london wildlife trust staff help volunteers varied programme activities including wildlife walks fungus open days talks reserve regularly school community groups team building work days corporate groups entrance wooden bar gate flanked south lane yards park tube station history area shown 19th century maps gravel triangular area occupied reserve railway lines belonging district line london underground sub surface lines defunct london south western railway bridge triangle west 1940s railway vegetable gardens london transport works built bridge abandoned area disused naturally grasses trees secondary succession site proposed commercial development provoking energetic campaign wildlife group formed march local branch london wildlife trust threat site highlighted london wildlife trust formation october campaign led public inquiry july determined site devoted nature conservation time united_kingdom public inquiry ruled favour nature city triangle example test case according new scientist writing celebrated triangle piece woodland surrounded railways including district line bought preserved borough british rail grant gave expert ecological advice council contested public inquiry save triangle london wildlife trust managed triangle behalf london borough london borough formally designated triangle local nature reserve london borough formally designated triangle lies local nature reserve recalling dramatic events president london natural history society david said november 19th triangle declared council circumstances led important declaration described david book rural site surrounded sides railway lines existence mere years quoted saying features traditional nature conservation terms place worth preserving going explain remark follows woodland grown provided genuinely wild place miles greatly local people british rail owned site applied planning permission triangle refused council public inquiry followed inspector ruled development allowed considerable local ecological value triangle volunteers won leaf award particular contribution promoting trees reserve triangle classic railway triangle acre space curving railway lines west richmond branch london south district line northeast disused track london south western railway remains line little north crossing lane area wooded local nature reserve site metropolitan importance nature conservation habitats following compartments identified reserve management plan compartment secondary birch woodland covers reserve silver birch dominant crack willow goat willow wild cherry canopy shrubs include elder holly garden escapes like oregon oak edge oak field layer mainly thick ivy shade include male broad common lady compartment secondary willow woodland willow locally uncommon wet woodland including swamp goat willow grey willow crack willow hybrids shrubs field layer similar compartment common water yellow flag compartment eastern bank rough grassland false grass yorkshire fog yarrow cat ear south end uneven sunny south west aspect encourages butterflies including holly blue essex small compartment north neutral meadow meadow uneven meadow formed yellow meadow fox dumped gravel works grasses especially false grass yorkshire fog foot common bent sheep herbs include common meadow white yarrow compartment north acid meadow railway track acid grassland curve railway gritty sand ballast hard acidic rock small fine grasses especially sheep fine sheep hard tail early hair grass herbs include sheep mouse cat ear yarrow compartment southwest meadow picnic meadow coarse grasses yorkshire fog false grass annual meadow grass site accidental fire compartment main pond main pond dug fluctuating water levels vegetation naturally common reed purple yellow iris water water soft rush water common water forget water mint compartment small pond seasonal pond water water introduced yellow iris compartment tall meadow ramp path entrance small meadow tall herbs changing natural succession held cutting plants cow false grass garden escape compartment gardens entrance yard gardens wild flowers species invading native trees shrubs scramble compartment infrastructure sheds usage triangle regularly visited school parties totalling students year mainly summer work outside study grassland woodland pond ecology according times educational supplement april holly blue butterflies following illustrated guide wind wild cherry branches pond flies dance early summer hawk nests silver birch jay comes visiting bees wood mice live continues open autumn gather aim manage woodland natural piece countryside town time time glimpse tube train hardly notice trees reserve open public london wildlife trust runs guided visits fungus wildlife walks year open days staff volunteers organise activities enable children adults learn nature conservation relaxed environment time time companies provide teams volunteers work day tasks clearing repairing paths fences london wildlife trust long term management objective site manage nature reserve conserve natural biodiversity conserve matrix woodland wetland grassland habitats appropriate management includes clearing controlling invasion non native species preserving feeling wilderness value mayor london biodiversity strategy comments decades exciting places established city people able enjoy natural world sites outset seemingly little offer include street natural park king cross park triangle explains important message conveyed projects regardless size significant achievements nature conservation possible urban settings modest budgets provided exists cocktail goodwill optimism commitment professional projects yield social benefits providing community focus biodiversity photographs taken triangle nature reserve illustrate little biodiversity activities photographs illustrate educational conservation activity reserve


welsh outer suburb cardiff miles northwest cardiff city centre community census recorded population north motorway neighbouring communities east opposite bank river west south history stone age norman conquest evidence stone age occupation lesser cave near discovered included worked excavation mound metres woods revealed iron age pottery developed norman invasion wales start 12th century formed welsh created norman king william origin hints found writings life written relating earlier period mentions site called tells story religious held lived banks cell likely origin welsh meaning possible norman occupation middle ages norman mound field flat topped mound metres diameter base metres high surrounded ditch metres wide adjoining bailey east indicate boundary norman welsh land surrounded timber wooden formed defensive line similar early settlement developed norman church manor house surveys describe agricultural hamlet surrounded fields 14th century welsh lord followed descendants farmed area devastated black death battles lords 14th 15th centuries area laid waste family thomas died fourth son sir david died inherited land marriage catherine built court manor house site court inn house court destroyed fire 19th century large dungeons survived seen inn thomas death lands passed eldest son david younger son william died king henry vii battle sir william accompanied henry_viii field cloth gold successor eldest son sir george sheriff sir george created deer park ranged far north tenant farmers evicted loss rental income contributed decline family fortunes children illegitimate daughters sir george needed large sums money death sir george lands passed eldest son william invested giving way early william descendants inherited diminishing fortune captain george family live married elizabeth couple left live estates county ireland stuart period new owner wealthy landowner sir edward lewis james sir edward owned castle surrounding lands scene battle english civil war lewis fortune passed elizabeth lewis married windsor sic 3rd earl plymouth principal landowner cardiff barry survey shows plymouth family owned continues today plymouth estates sold acres residential land development 18th century residents worked tin plate works river works opened closed samuel lewis dictionary wales says parish union cardiff county south wales miles cardiff containing inhabitants parish probably derives signifying rushing waters river bounded north east recently separated comprises acres pasture land profitable state cultivation surface parts elevated flat subject soil strong brown earth favourable production good crops grain kinds potatoes hay partly hard brown stone partly limestone good quality court seat family matthew ancestors late lord partially taken remainder converted farmhouse road leading cardiff passes little south parish railway runs nearly parallel river crossed line vicinity inhabitants employed iron works parish living endowed royal bounty patron representative late earl plymouth lord manor sum sum vicar church dedicated john baptist neat plain curious turret west end place worship sunday school instruction held court parish spring cold water called bright water issuing hill considerable depth earth limestone rock writers termed mineral known possess properties extreme renders weakness mid 19th century collection small farms cottages railway station opened population rose years railway successor great western railway brought significant employment junction terrace street built house railway workers start strong demand housing transformed hamlet barry railway tree built dominated village years wartime world war community raised funds bed nearby welsh metropolitan military hospital established citizen guard old young enlist losses suffered village recorded war memorial second world war thousands children evacuated metropolitan areas london birmingham liverpool armstrong aged knocked passenger train killed saturday afternoon foot crossing lodged family air raids cardiff increased younger children evacuated boarding schools post war history extensive programme started 1960s population grew rapidly particularly children comprehensive school pupils roll number decade new development estate built land surrounding court john baptist parish church land officially incorporated suburb cardiff woods near development retained entire forest protected tree preservation order home species plants wildlife railway station renovated tracks station renewed reducing journey times cardiff city centre governance parliament welsh assembly cardiff west parliamentary constituency cardiff west welsh assembly constituency cardiff council electoral ward electorate seat cardiff council ward elected conservative election elected member council environmental scrutiny committee community council community council funded addition council tax bill paid local residents community council run elected parish north seats south seats seats community council annual meeting david silver elected chair council rachel elected vice chair geography geological structure surrounding soils strong brown dry earth adapted farming growing grains kinds contributed area farming community modern era soils enriched deposits river bedrock area predominantly sandstone dating period old red sandstone new red sandstone laid arid conditions subsequently ground valley ice age years ago stone widely decorative work cardiff area including cathedral cardiff docks bridges railway river point runs roughly south past built divert water tin plate works obstacle migratory salmon sea trout fish passes early 1980s salmon sea trout stocks recovering nearly years industrial pollution exploitation national rivers authority monitored salmon sea trout returning river spawn iron initially transported works pack horses boats passing lock parts lock seen boats discontinued built public picnic site electric scheme built generate energy scheme channel million cubic metres water year turbines expected generate energy power city leisure centres save tonnes annually river flanked sides undeveloped passes northern cardiff way cardiff castle centre city river enters cardiff bay woods nature area woods site nature conservation importance adjoining woods local nature reserve community nature reserve covers acres network includes evidence iron age settlements remains early cooking originally tudor deer park owned family later quarry area owned cardiff council plymouth estates managed community council support cardiff council parks service woods provides habitats wide range species number natural springs feed duck pond pond recent housing developments reserve railway line added public open space picnic areas children play area maintenance development reserve carried volunteer group known friends woods common rare endemic member family far identified identified quarry described variety separate species rarely seen regular surveys indicate today single population plants survives wild survey plants identified single garden traditionally grew grassy banks shade longer found original locality quarry examples seen possible plants genus found old garden wall confirmation identification awaited species sites current legal protection significant threat survival long term inappropriate care seed samples provided millennium seed bank international conservation project coordinated royal gardens plants carefully cultivated plant normally flowers early july residents urged look examples endangered species walking area census showed suburb total population male female average age years adult residents married having married declared religion christianity stated religion stated muslim stated ethnicity white asian mixed race chinese black welsh language speakers landmark buildings local attractions home private house owned sir lewis later wings added accommodate residents physically disabled young people cottage built family john baptist parish church nearly years old underwent victorian restoration 19th century trail cycle path passes buildings include old church rooms war memorial nearby districts national history museum museum welsh life education church rooms park road primary school board school opened door older pupils travel secondary schools train time library serves area nursery primary schools primary school opened included nursery school september private pre school park road nursery welsh language nursery called based old church rooms primary school park road opened new classrooms added accommodate rising population school currently classes pupils secondary education comprehensive school pupils west cardiff large sixth form college students active adult education centre churches church wales parish diocese parish church john baptist chain surrounded housing estate nearly years old altered 19th century grade listed building christ church larger building john daughter church designed surveyor george nave ready use easter chancel tower completed november john taylor cast ring bells tower lieutenant colonel fisher paid bells bell inscribed names members family methodist church windsor road replaced earlier methodist church served baptist church old church rooms park road sport leisure north closest rugby team nearby formed provided welsh rugby captains welsh international players history golf club founded moving original hole course yards par course men yards par women operates year round laid course designer harry chairman cup recently described course little lawn tennis club founded gentlemen helped earl plymouth estates location near railway station courts badly laid help plymouth estates club lifted turf grass courts current site christ church cricket club founded earl plymouth granted year lease current riverside ground local residents nominal sum pavilion destroyed fire team away tour leadership new chairman keith terry huge fund raising effort new pavilion opened old currently plays division south wales premier cricket league cardiff football club known locally played home games riverside football ground competes division welsh football league main shops station road buildings road dental surgery village post office transport rail turn 20th century busy railway coal trains transferred railway cardiff docks district line docks miles southwest cardiff city centre barry railway company freight route ran north tree south east extensive railway yard included railway bridge provide alternative route lifted preparation housing development 1970s railway station handles significant traffic trains calling weekday passenger journeys year northern terminus cardiff city line bus cardiff bus services operate cardiff central bus station road road runs centre leading north south road links cardiff city centre corridor cardiff announced replacement northern link road planned built northern route eventually chosen number noisy public active objections residents communities new motorway completed opened july passes east west later section widened lanes direction cost million completed december direct access motorway twin towns saint grand lieu town south west cardiff twin city southern shores grand lieu france exchange visit took place charters signed community councils 10th anniversary fellowship presented people red telephone box year french presented community wine press sited gardens old church rooms 20th anniversary celebrated reception old church rooms committee active area cultural exchanges communities place annually visitors visited visit villagers took place committee arranges tournaments social events summer notable people notable people associated children author lived 1920s house called demolished called imposing country mansion surrounded acres farm woodland book boy tales childhood born asian british actor appeared guru east east attended comprehensive school actor harry went comprehensive grew davies local include harry corner english cricketer played great_britain team won gold medal summer olympics lived died buried hugh best known football commentator itv retired died frank welsh cricketer right handed batsman wicket keeper played lived town retiring sport athlete runner benjamin born born raised notable resident sir martin evans born professor cardiff university received albert award basic medical research awarded nobel prize medicine work stem cells fellow royal society fellow academy medical sciences media outdoor scenes episode science fiction series called small worlds filmed primary school


town civil parish district somerset south west england situated approximately miles south bristol miles east wells town estimated population contains administrative headquarters district council hills lie north river runs town lies route way principal roman road south west england evidence roman settlement town contains fine parish church considerable number listed buildings prison england oldest prison use closure march medieval times wool trade important town economy declined 18th century replaced industries town continues major centre production closest town site festival largest music festival europe nearby royal bath west england society hosts royal bath west major shows festivals history derives old english meaning sheep farm book records settlement known current spelling recorded far letter henry vii second derives norman family took lease abbey second appears added 16th century prehistoric settlement archaeological investigations found evidence prehistoric activity area substantial amounts flint found pottery fragments late period barren north town centre found contain bronze age bronze age burial site contained skeleton pottery remains iron age found grave vicinity later way artefacts probable iron age farm settlement enclosure identified field farm countryside surrounding town evidence iron age cave dwellings woods north west number burial identified beacon hill short distance north town roman occupation situated approximately halfway roman towns bath way visible remains apart line roman road archaeological evidence early military later civilian settlement lasting 5th century pottery pottery identified site anglo brewery mid-19th century suggesting military activity 1st 2nd centuries roman coins ranging 1st 4th centuries found artefacts addition isolated near route way found 19th century lead coffin rock cut grave discovered site adjacent way discovery impending commercial development site landowner led archaeologists undertake extensive excavations 1990s grave found larger cemetery contained lying rough east west alignment indicating probable christian adherence smaller contained graves aligned north south possibly signifying pagan religious practices burial substantial stone coffin positioned beneath foundations remained particularly notable find way time thought 5th century held earliest definite evidence christianity england copy presented archbishop_of_canterbury george carey churches diocese bath wells resides museum somerset analysis liverpool university coupled atomic demonstrated hoax silver dated 19th century later excavations 1990s confirmed presence linear settlement stretching way kilometre comprising streets wooden stone workshops houses storeys containing industrial areas stone lined great artefacts found including local imported pottery items jewellery rings toilet items including ear nail bronze iron tools lead probably originated romans lead mines hills coins roman empire found finds site indicate occupation late 1st early 2nd century late 4th early 5th century public buildings found settlement probably technically town saxon norman periods small evidence saxon settlement town including saxon stonework parish church peter paul addition charter king dating witnessed bishops including archbishop_of_canterbury records granting area situated abbot abbey according legends buried town fell courts held grave short distance south town exeter book records death edward site held probably lease abbey roger time survey roger died land passed prominent norman family caused added settlement holdings middle ages family retained estate reign king john death william payment sons law fine thousand marks william having participated rebellion king passed daughter husband hugh generations later estate containing sold relative sir thomas son called thomas participated murder edward estates confiscated edward iii family regained favour king years later lands returned died childless estate reverted crown granted sir john confiscated son henry wars roses family siding edward restored sir john grandson edward edward regained throne died issue followed succession grants abbey dissolved henry_viii abbey lands including granted cornwall charters holding markets granted charter swiftly revoked following objections bishop wells competition represented market city indicate town developing 13th early 14th centuries black death struck town reducing population late 14th early 15th centuries population economy town bolstered arrival merchants france low countries came england escape wars religious persecution home countries introduced cloth making local wool trade major industry towns somerset wiltshire appears wool source town henry vii needed raise money fight scots called wool merchants contribute cause civil war rebellion house correction established english civil war town supported parliamentary appears escaped conflict apart confrontation supporters king led sir parliament led colonel william market place august sir thomas led new model army town way capturing bristol church organ apparently destroyed soldiers rebellion duke welcomed passed staying house street night june men town setting bristol following day men joined cause failed bath bristol return june following battle duke fled spent night july mile north continuing flight days capture following bloody local supporters hanged market place town edward built close family built house town grammar school lasted 18th 20th centuries 17th 18th centuries wool cloth industries continued thrive powered waters river reputed mills town surrounding area early 18th century number fine houses survive particularly hamlet western edge industries employed people end century beginning decline time discontent mills resulted deaths men riot town event apparently discouraged mill owners decision resulted cloth trade losing steam powered mills north england early 19th century manufacture silk revived town fortunes somewhat mills manufactured silk queen_victoria wedding dress industries died eventually wool cloth silk declining industries growing 19th 20th centuries particular town major industries anglo brewery built local landmark england height brewery million bottles year australia new_zealand india south_africa south_america west_indies closed town home important centre production period world war prison store important national records public record office including book hms victory dispatches battle scrap paper signed hitler prime minister chamberlain munich conference september prison army detention facility american servicemen executed prison walls having convicted court martial murder rape population fairly stable 19th century 20th slightly falling increased significantly governance public services local government district county somerset years prior town urban district town councillor somerset county council election conservative elected district council elected town elections conservatives civil parish adopted style town town council members split equally east west recent elections following council conservatives liberal democrats members labour_party independent falls wells parliamentary constituency general election james conservative party town south west england european parliamentary constituency european towns germany sur france sweden doctors national health service community hospital operated somerset primary care trust independent sector treatment centre carries range surgical procedures nearest general hospital royal united hospital bath devon somerset fire rescue service retained fire station town adjacent ambulance station operated south western ambulance service trust somerset closed local police station town falls somerset east district geography lies southern foothills hills area founded forest marble blue limestone nearby cave systems north town caves hills including lane geological site special scientific interest important cave system including series decorated caves total extend miles mapped passage caves fairy cave quarry formed mainly action water flowing beneath water table considerable pressure called development water table fallen caves lie system contains variety cave formations extent preservation best britain cave cave generally considered finest decorated caves britain terms sheer abundance pure white translucent deposits small numbers greater bat lesser bat bat cave system area nationally rare species rich grassland sheep meadow grass type occurs field east lane quarry surrounding countryside countryside surrounding town given farming areas nearby woodland approximately north east town centre beacon hill wood owned woodland trust junction way roman road runs hills contains number northwest town woods windsor hill railway tunnels remnants somerset joint railway east way long distance path passes northern edge woods south west town oven site rich grassland classified upright type north east windsor hill quarry geological windsor hill marsh biological pond adjacent damp slightly acidic grassland interest diverse flora large varied habitats present small area species present rare somerset flat slender spike rush plants found include purple yellow flag iris hard rush soft rush flowering rush devil bit species seven river centre oldest parts adjacent river valley approximately sea level edges town lie higher river cut narrow valley village west bounded sloping fields woodland river flows underground river occasionally floods heavy rain october rainfall heavy unable cope volume water resulting flooding lower lying parts town houses leg square lower lane road submerged depth metre study environment agency identified current standard flood protection parts town insufficient year event standard current guidelines require protection year standard summer agency began construction flood scheme cost million areas town distinct areas originated separate communities central point church market place town centre small basically consisting streets high street runs south market place retail park town street runs north market place bridge east separated market place academy complex parish church peter paul lower lane runs bridge river valley north town centre parts town river runs ground eastern end leg square surrounded large houses originally built owners town mills close prison stands moving roughly eastwards street valley consists long row cottages dating 17th century eastern end area adjacent street occupied street court course 20th century factory headquarters business headquarters leather goods manufacturer court gardens originally built recreation staff set backdrop gardens open public eastern edge town mills converted trading estate right edge town found house luxury hotel spa southern town triangle land bounded east north line east somerset railway west grave road acres modern housing development built land partly belonging cornwall development praised quality design use locally sourced natural building materials north railway line park grave road acres mid somerset immediately south west town centre site start 20th century grounds house shoe factory retail park built west forms south west corner town dominated union grade listed building originally constructed later mental hospital housing development nearby western edge town modern community hospital moving northwards river valley site number mills contains grand houses sloping fields adjoining river rest known locally meadows east council housing estate built 1960s climate rest south west england temperate climate generally rest england annual mean temperature seasonal variations modifying effect sea range parts united_kingdom january month mean minimum temperatures july august months region mean daily general december month june south west england enjoys favoured location particularly summer azores high extends influence north eastwards cloud forms inland especially near hills reduces exposure sunshine average annual sunshine totals hours rainfall tends associated atlantic depressions convection summer convection caused solar surface heating forms shower clouds large proportion annual precipitation falls showers thunderstorms time year average rainfall days snowfall typical november march highest mean wind speeds june august having predominant wind direction south west census population comprising males females residents aged aged population aged employment unemployed remainder economically inactive employment service industries remainder manufacturing people employed managerial professional self employed worked routine semi routine total households recorded town owner occupied rented private rented local authority social landlord heads households white late district council estimate town population economy local perception economic decline time manufacturing jobs lost late 1990s early years 21st century district council asserts despite loss manufacturing jobs historically dependent jobs distribution business services public administration health education construction tech services companies created creating balanced economy slightly jobs town economically active people resulting small flow workers town centre fairly small high proportion premises market place north end high street adjacent market place town street runs north market place bridge significant investment heritage years enjoys occupancy shops quarter independent shops starting emerge town street market place town centre buildings benefited conservation schemes heritage economic regeneration scheme heritage initiative scheme provided grants repair buildings architectural features public spaces community involvement education training body bid funding district council schemes decisions steering group comprising main town centuries general market held friday market place market decline years attempts initial interest number slowly decreased recent months number traders supporting market regular basis attracted local interest furniture store originated principal high street retail centre includes number shops including supermarket edinburgh mill home shoes outlet clothing store retail jobs town increased number new shopping development including large supermarket clothes store retailers constructed site south town centre factory making shoes later boots development attracted national media attention protesters occupied site try prevent avenue trees dating 19th century divided opinion town hoped help town feared local traders unable compete leading decline high street factory shop located street near headquarters home international alcoholic drinks producers company subsidiary group produces english brands owners produces family run brothers drinks produces brothers runs contract operation drinks companies annual royal bath west agricultural shows royal bath west near south east town hosts events new wine soul survivor christian festivals national adventure sports markets including international collectors fair exhibitions trade shows national amateur transport road runs north south line way south town skirts eastern edge way castle passes town way west wells distance routes follow line railway stations lines closed station called high street british railways days east somerset railway branch line opened line extended wells later connected valley line branch bristol exeter railway wells services started line absorbed great western railway 1870s second station later called road opened building bath extension somerset joint railway station distance east centre town approached stations closed 1960s axe high street closed withdrawal passenger services line east somerset line remains open freight heritage railway road closed closure somerset line nearest network rail station castle miles south nearest station east somerset railway mile half away bus service town provided somerset landmarks listed buildings town funding restoration chosen town centre historic buildings english_heritage heritage economic regeneration scheme national lottery heritage initiative town centre areas form conservation area market cross town centre tall dates walter rebuilt market place medieval market stall restored prison known built located close town centre adjacent parish church january justice secretary chris announced seven prisons england close december announced prison sold town country public taking place seek agreement future use number fine houses older parts town lower lane leg square outlying suburbs old house houses contemporary art gallery dates half 17th century style house style hotel restaurant built prosperous local spring reported rise cellar park house forum lane dates modified grade listed buildings include house built lane built 18th century alterations lane mill built enlarged lane cottages dating stained glass studio lane coal store attached stable belonged public house door butcher arms ceased trading studio provided stained glass roman_catholic_church holy ghost consequence historic nature included conservation area site special archaeological interest hamlet road wells silk drying shed known locally handle house walls holes allow passage air aid process drying heads raise cloth textile process anglo brewery built 1860s dominates western parts fairly nearby hospital hospital built converted housing disused railway found town including arches spanning feet curve chains radius falling end market cross prison prison wall merchants house market place anglo brewery michael roman_catholic_church house old house park house town grade listed buildings town centre extensively 1970s scheme financed family owned town scheme included new library faithful copy inn bunch demolished new entertainment complex called centre entirely concrete eastern market square allegedly roman found lane excavations 1990s complex renamed honour find recently renamed academy benefits park gift land local man john boy thrown grounds local estates later life purchased gave land town provide public space park opened called park honour religious sites grade listed parish church peter paul dates 12th century current building largely 15th century rebuilding oak wagon roof panels different designs separated carved foliage bosses supposedly different carved angels sides described british historian finest 15th century carved oak wagon roof england restored cost michael roman_catholic_church built warehouse modern catholic_church built located park road convent order holy mary known sisters based mansion road building known sales house subsequently lodge social housing salvation army meeting rooms town whilst local previously chapel paul street built community centre agreement share parish church anglican congregation baptist chapel commercial road built church previously number non notable chapel street built enlarged private dwelling education primary schools school road rated good paul junior school commercial road assessed good primary school inspected education year olds provided school technology college assessed good education students travel colleges local towns example community college college street college culture summer television production company wall wall filmed series bbc town centre broadcast november called turn time high street series features number families running traditional shops tea room victorian eras world war 1960s 1970s town called day held june town park free day agricultural mid somerset held fields southern edge august festival largest music festival europe held slightly west village approximately miles south west bath festival blues progressive music held town hosts annual digital arts festival founded complex town centre base bristol academy performing arts complex renamed academy went administration briefly replaced musical theatre school failed complex auditorium suspended seating system united_kingdom town weekly newspaper mid somerset series called journal town covered way magazine times came international attention farmhouse broadcast maturation round cheese called event attracted million viewers sport leisure non league football club play playing fields hockey club play leisure centre notable people adams cricketer born simon preacher theologian born preached old london portsmouth christopher cinema television stage actor lived manor near child william henry catholic theologian priest retired nearby abbey economist born june sir general secretary national union teachers educated grammar school helps children writer illustrator lived town 1940s hugh died archbishop dublin lord chancellor ireland native john lewis founder british department store john lewis born town street february frank novelist short story writer lived following retirement died town hospital april twin towns germany county sweden sur france


town civil parish eastern somerset england located eastern end hills town built uneven high ground centres river town approximately miles south bath miles east county town miles west london census population given town district somerset parliamentary constituency april large century roman coins unearthed field near town larger bath originally grew wool cloth industry later metal working printing declined town enlarged 20th century retains large number listed buildings centre falls conservation area town road rail transport links acts economic centre surrounding area provides centre cultural sporting activities including annual festival museum number notable individuals born lived town called sixth town britain times newspaper recently towns country awards great town award category history limited evidence roman settlement area remains villa found village miles west april largest roman coins discovered britain found metal coins dated century found buried field near town inches surface coins excavated archaeologists portable scheme display british museum find subject bbc programme digging britain august comes word modern welsh meaning fair fine describing flow river monastery built earliest evidence saxon occupation saxon kings appear base hunt forest held indicating significant settlement english kings son edward elder died november time survey manor owned king william principal settlement largest wealthiest somerset following years parts original manor spun distinct example owned later passing abbey leased crown important families 13th century abbey bought let exploiting profits market trade town local tradition asserts medieval borough occasionally mentioned documents reign edward direct evidence borough trace charter granted park charters edward reign note hugh lord little witnesses additionally henry vii grant charter lord manor giving right hold july september parish castle built probably years immediately norman conquest england circular feet diameter stands northern slope hill close iron age comprises banks outer ditches unfinished bailey manufacture cloth established town principal industry 15th century remained somerset town staple industry flourished families gradually came principal landowners town manor finally passing ownership cloth merchant major expansion including building new suburb west trinity street occurred daniel remarked town grown previous decades likely greatest wealthiest inland towns england april taken manor house stands known locally old lower accused george 1st duke murder subsequently tried hanged grandson roger received edward retrospective pardon petition submitted king describes fully circumstances case illustrating quasi high ultimately tolerated king june forces duke camped following defeat skirmish king forces philip large numbers army deserted days stayed town eventual defeat battle following putting rebellion men hanged town poverty decline wool industry century increased rising food prices led unrest inhabitants riots century town described terms years earlier early 19th century plans developed town elevate position important town bath plans idea local businessman thomas failed come fruition public buildings erected wide new approach road town centre south cut named bath street landowner lord bath house whilst wool remained important town economy 19th 20th centuries industries established town bell started william grew major producer components developing gas industry employer people singer brass bronze casting works major employer produced bronze statues john singer born established art metal work brass ornaments local churches known oxford movement church_of_england led increasing demand church ornaments addition church ornaments firm developed facilities expertise create large statues statues cast copy general gordon riding firm responsible bronze statue daughters war furnished persian fashion commissioned prince albert executed thomas cast bronze years death stands westminster bridge houses parliament london statue lady justice dome old bailey executed british sculptor cast singers holds sword right hand pair weighing scales left statue popularly supposed blind justice figure statue alfred great winchester commission statues singers exported world printing major industry butler set middle century source employment 20th century old wool industry declined fabric mill close result population fell 1930s slightly smaller mid 19th century industries printing light engineering metal casting continued taking old premises cloth mills sited new road trading estate led growth world war including construction council houses governance public services largest town somerset non metropolitan district administrative centre prior administered urban district town members somerset county council separate county division election liberal democrats elected east west north election conservatives took north councillor west county elections held district council town council following elections liberal democrats conservatives green party civil parish adopted style town town council members reduced split college market park recent elections following council members party twin towns france germany poland electoral having total population quoted town represented parliament given member house_of_commons reform act separate representation abolished general election transferred wells division whilst remainder constituency formed bulk new somerset north constituency changes took place general election current constituency created current representative conservative david general election eligible turned vote david achieved majority votes total south west england european parliamentary constituency method party list proportional representation town new national health service community hospital operated somerset primary care trust located site new hospital opened replacing victoria hospital park road use nearest general hospital royal united hospital bath geography town rests forest marble dates middle local building area surrounding town oxford clay built high ground river crossed 16th century town bridge town centre town centre approximately metres sea level whilst outer parts town metres metres sea level main areas town approximately clockwise north west hill mount lower gate trinity ground royal forest longer exists nearby countryside richly wooded example maiden bradley estates west town edge hills large active limestone quarry quarry disused working served dedicated railway line branches main line passes town centre spring gardens areas north west quadrant town rest south west england temperate climate generally rest england annual mean temperature seasonal variations modifying effect sea range parts united_kingdom january month mean minimum temperatures july august months region mean daily general december month june south west england enjoys favoured location particularly summer azores high extends influence north eastwards cloud forms inland especially near hills reduces exposure sunshine average annual sunshine totals hours rainfall tends associated atlantic depressions convection summer convection caused solar surface heating forms shower clouds large proportion annual precipitation falls showers thunderstorms time year average rainfall days snowfall typical november march highest mean wind speeds june august having predominant wind direction south west population census declined remained 1970s increased nearly doubling census population comprising males females residents aged aged census population aged employment unemployed remainder economically inactive employment service industries remainder manufacturing people employed managerial professional self employed routine semi routine households recorded town owner occupied rented private rented local authority social landlord heads households white economy metal working printing industries replaced wool main industry declined left town singers presence town butler named butler dennis following hit major financial difficulties thirds workforce redundant half economically active population work outside town bath bristol people town substantial workforce formal qualifications poorly skilled leaving vulnerable decline manufacturing work major local government employment town principal public sector employers primary care trust schools town centre contains considerable number independent shops chain stores retail primarily aimed serving local population requirements food large opposite edges town smaller town centre basic clothing health beauty electrical goods studies quarter town population non food shopping town banks building societies branches town centre markets held saturdays town centre market yard car park agricultural warehouse cheese grain saturday cattle market moved centre town nearby 1980s granted town status vision developed following consultation local people spring received responses district council strategic partnership consulted community strategy local development framework period includes building new homes providing employment office space developing new secondary school new primary schools town centre encouraging wider range retailers leisure providers town number significant housing developments industrial sites continuing plans redevelopment site include dwellings shops cultural quarter containing workshops artists culture thriving arts scene high point annual day festival july recent years included events held venues town town host number artists open studios public festival market held catherine hill monthly april october theatres memorial theatre built memory fallen world war seat theatre community college campus home somerset pub theatre productions promoting new dramas times year pub cheese grain farm produce warehouse converted market concert hall capacity hosts regular pop concerts locally based musicians include american alfred irish folk singer hardcore punk bands life ghost landscapes cinema street town centre closed indefinitely march arts centre black swan town west country carnival circuit festival takes place miles southwest worthy farm boasts comedy clubs submarine comedy club cheesy comedy club cheese grain bar district agricultural society holds annual agricultural cheese september held recent years moved west woodland miles south town society local study founded helped establish run museum served newspapers somerset standard times profit company called community productions formed members community order develop deliver internet based community radio station station broadcasts hours day completely staffed volunteers produce features interviews music shows commenced service stream broadcasts mobile phones late granted broadcast licence july began broadcast area non profit organisation runs online channel presenting question time format program interviews short films relating local current affairs cheap street location episode series bbc comedy fall rise provided backdrop historical dramas gold filmed bbc wales restaurants include king street received rating sunday telegraph angel inn believed date protestant reformation grade listed building landmarks older parts example catherine hill picturesque containing outstanding collection small 18th century houses trinity area built half 17th century half 18th century fine rare example early industrial housing houses built unusual early example planned grid pattern half area demolished 1960s clearance order historical importance realised remainder saved restored cost million area elaborate printing works street leads catherine hill steep road climbing town centre centre town cheap street contains buildings dating 16th 17th centuries stream running middle fed spring john church cheap street traffic layout based land plots dating approximately despite fire buildings remained substantially unchanged apart shop town bridge originally built 14th century rebuilt 17th century widened 19th century time houses built tourist information centre justice lane contained circular house known existence surviving town willow restored 1990s years 21st century benefited considerable investment restoration historic buildings english_heritage heritage economic regeneration scheme national lottery heritage initiative listed buildings including parish church grade listed blue house town bridge grade buildings school named colour school uniforms built cost replaced previous dating rebuilt blue house provided home schooling boys building adorned statues man woman indicating building dual purpose colloquially known billy ball nancy guy building role school came end provides studio bedroom flats seventeen elderly residents lane chapel chapel built james pope chapel gallery sides centre ceiling supported columns lane ceased chapel followed years neglect early 1990s building purchased somerset county council transferred somerset buildings preservation trust carried repairs converted firm architects ground floor community hall arts centre managed lane arts trust upper floor offices architectural firm architects reputed systems tunnels beneath streets older parts town entrances visible ground example wall street entrances shops houses purpose extent remain unknown investigated recent years local group documentary religious sites parish church john baptist built late 12th century early 15th century replacing saxon building major restoration work carried 1860s including construction thought unique anglican church outside east end church tomb bishop thomas tower bells bear inscriptions indicating cast points daughter church john christ church built george allen considerable changes 19th 20th centuries anglican church holy trinity built henry style commissioners gothic unusual altar west end position church built stained glass windows near contemporary copies windows designed sir edward jones finally mary hill built chapel ease john small decorated sanctuary ceiling catholics catholic began building west end church closed roman_catholic_church began building temporary church park road new church catholic_church finally built site lane chapel chapel use split congregation lane led establishment church lane building replaced extended separate octagonal school room conical roof having built grounds meeting house existed south parade original building replaced simple stone building comprising single meeting room wrought iron gallery building school town library red_cross centre offices software company present chapel like appearance created refurbishment red_cross town churches built south parade demolished replaced new building closed building converted residential use main church baptism pool remains disused second baptist church built lane catherine street replaced new building embellished closed later serving library converted flats 1980s methodist church built use considerable additions restoration major internal 1980s sun street chapel erected primitive closed religious group community centre methodist church built cemetery chapel road founded free churches mainly baptist methodist site transport served bristol railway line passes eastern edge town station opened oldest railway stations operation britain direct services london trains operated great western freight line branches town serve hills mainly rail continuation line previously linked route national cycle route known way bypasses town southern eastern edges passes centre town north west south east public access car club operated social enterprise wheels electric cars available cheese grain medical practice education thirteen schools pupils aged years including church_of_england school christ church church_of_england school school john church_of_england voluntary aided school louis catholic primary school trinity church_of_england school school middle schools pupils years age middle school anglican methodist middle school town main college community college provides education ages specialist media arts status school special school catering students special educational needs education college special needs students going post example learning difficulties physical disabilities publicly funded academy opened initially temporary location moved permanent location park road september higher education establishments closest level institution university bath training facility opened temporary building sport leisure leisure centre offers wide range activities including swimming indoor gym originally opened refurbished october water based sports including dive club canoe club inland diving centre near victoria park offers sports tennis putting ramps children playground millennium green marked walks picnic area close semi wild open space local wildlife town end way kilometres long distance hills super mare hill currently known brewery stadium home town promoted western football league southern football league team promoted southern football league premier division town ladies team play hill town youth mini section launched season clubs community club status youth section covers players abilities cricket club plays cricket agricultural bath town club formed season plays west england premier league somerset division somerset county cricket club use ground debut venue club famed players played county cricket times somerset mark played somerset kent alex plays somerset represented england level formed rugby club plays gypsy lane senior teams thriving mini junior section second play english rugby union south west division championship play southern counties south second south west fourth known cavalry play friendly social fixtures local sides individually timed bicycle hill climb sprint organised local community councillor celebrate stage tour britain started notable people past present category people benjamin baker builder forth bridge born charles ball founder ball department store chain australia formula racing driver world champion button born went middle school mother lives nearby street avenue named new bridge river button bridge button awarded freedom town morgan american lead singer guitarist fun criminals radio presenter bbc radio music bbc radio lives irish folk singer husband musician record producer sam brother lived cricketer born king england died november year alfred born florida composer arranger lives locally important member james brown band 1960s worked closely van morrison anna actress philosopher joseph vicar guy green film director screenwriter cinematographer won oscar great expectations category born alice harris pioneering documentary photographer missionary human rights activist born charlie fast born actor james lives town played miss james_bond film series lived sir charles developer commercial scanning electron born anthony author died william henry billy reed composer biographer edward born christ church street kate author wild swimmer poet sister helped mother run day school elizabeth singer poet writer published john henry thomas royal queen_victoria born richard line born sir charles translator english born amazon best selling authors worldwide went middle school community college luke hood owner music brand music