francis francis brown april october captain united_states_army received medal honor actions recapture philippines japan liked surf played sports high school college graduated college degree finance initially planned work father joined hawaii national_guard commissioned lieutenant sent unit fight world war killed amphibious assault philippines initially awarded distinguished service cross united_states second highest decoration extensive review awards medal upgraded medal honor date chinese american asian american officers receive medal early life child native hawaiian mother chinese father growing duke regarded father later actor attended school honolulu earned athletic letters track football baseball went college sacramento junior college transferring ucla ucla sport athlete graduated bachelor degree banking finance intended work alongside father real estate banking instead joined military outbreak world war military service death graduation enlisted hawaii national_guard called active duty united_states entrance world war received commission officer completed officer candidate school commission rare time asian americans allowed serve combat leadership roles eventually assigned 34th infantry regiment 24th infantry division rank captain 24th division based barracks american units involved pacific theater exchanging fire japanese aircraft december attack pearl harbor operation reckless captain deployed australia 24th infantry division september unit camp caves near eastern coast australia rest unit began intensive combat training training completed division moved island january prepare operation reckless amphibious invasion netherlands new_guinea province indonesia 24th landed bay april seized despite torrential rain terrain shortly landing division 34th infantry regiment moved reinforce 41st infantry division regiment captured returning division july months unit crossed new_guinea recaptured japanese occupying area assigned corps sixth united_states_army preparation invasion philippines october division paired 1st cavalry division corps divisions assault landing captain landed red beach japanese forces stationed island concentrated fire waves incoming troops gun positions located palm grove bounded submerged rice arrived beach fifth wave found soldiers disorganized pinned open beach assuming command moved rice cover demeanor example inspired men follow deliberate disregard personal safety advanced cover draw japanese machine gun rifle fire exposing locations entrenched japanese forces systematically japanese positions assaulted overcome killed leading assault japanese area actions landing posthumously awarded distinguished service cross war remains interred national memorial cemetery pacific hawaii grave found section grave military awards honors amid allegations treatment asian americans uniform world war congress directed louis secretary army conduct review military records review concluded asian americans including receive consideration medal honor distinguished service cross upgraded medal honor medals upgraded belong predominantly japanese american regimental combat team 100th infantry battalion 7th infantry white_house ceremony june president bill_clinton presented medal honor asian americans distinguished service crosses upgraded medal honor course short military career earned awards decorations medal honor citation rank organization captain army headquarters 34th infantry place date philippine islands october entered service honolulu hawaii born honolulu hawaii citation captain francis distinguished extraordinary heroism action october philippine islands captain landed red beach face accurate concentrated enemy fire gun positions located palm grove bounded submerged rice finding waves american soldiers disorganized pinned open beach immediately assumed command issuing clear orders heavy enemy machine gun rifle fire began inland rice cover men inspired cool demeanor heroic example rose positions followed advance captain repeatedly determined locations enemy strong points deliberately exposing draw fire leading assault remaining japanese area killed occupants captain courageous aggressive leadership inspired men death advance destroy enemy determined efforts largely responsible initial secured captain extraordinary heroism devotion duty keeping highest traditions military service reflect great credit unit united_states_army inducted ucla athletics hall_of_fame october


serbian april april physician led detachment partisans mount northwestern bosnia world war yugoslavia posthumously bestowed order people hero activist group student organizations called young bosnia strongly opposed austria-hungary occupation bosnia inducted association founded serbia goal organizing guerrilla resistance bosnia annexation austria-hungary arrested austro hungarian authorities july sentenced years imprisonment pardoned graduated doctor medicine world war opened private practice town september member communist_party yugoslavia following invasion yugoslavia axis powers creation independent state croatia arrested behest croatia fascist ruling party escaped prison went joined fellow communists escaped chose lead communist uprising uprising began july communists control stage villagers district seized control number villages threatened defended germans croatian home guards august recognised principal leader insurgents organised partisan military units direction partisans began attacking end september early november partisan units merged 2nd national liberation partisan detachment commanded end year covering square kilometres controlled detachment december arrived district zone responsibility 1st national liberation partisan detachment italian troops operating area portrayed people tasks counter propaganda partisans 1st detachment fight italians stayed area mid february time partisan leadership bosnia considered completed tasks successfully end february appointed chief staff operational headquarters unified command partisan forces regions central bosnia operational headquarters main task counter rising influence nationalist regions march severely wounded ambush taken field hospital village members partisan company defected night march took prisoner night group killed april 2nd detachment named honour months later posthumously awarded order people hero war service partisan cause commemorated construction memorial naming streets public buildings park song film early life child son serbian orthodox priest wife born april bosnia occupied austria-hungary located north western region province father generation family serve serbian orthodox priest graduated theology faculty family attain higher level education active political struggle ecclesiastical educational autonomy serbs bosnia maternal grandfather serbian orthodox priest participated revolt ottoman_empire completed elementary education serbian elementary school finished grade secondary education gymnasium entered gymnasium complete remaining seven grades brother prominent sculptor joined gymnasium young bosnia activist austria-hungary annexed bosnia october caused annexation crisis europe kingdom serbia protested army march formally accepted annexation member secret association students gymnasium called national unity members described youth society nationalists group diverse student organisations later called young bosnia strongly opposed austria-hungary rule bosnia activists young bosnia serbs muslims serbs organisation regarded group established students gymnasium saw considerable political unrest students gymnasium provincial government imposed language province croatian students termed serbian croatian depending ethnic affiliation young bosnia activists regarded literature revolution wrote poems short stories critiques wrote poems read works milan later works russian authors final years gymnasium read aristotle national unity held meetings members presented lectures discussed current issues concerning serbian people bosnia members association serbs generally lectures people practical issues health economy summer break travelled villages aims young bosnia eliminate country early mid joined national defence association founded serbia december initiative aimed organise guerrilla resistance austrian annexation bosnia spread nationalist propaganda national defence soon established network local committees serbia bosnia members territory gathered intelligence austrian army passed serbian secret service travelled illegally serbia summer break receive military training national defence organised members stayed days belgrade capital serbia met activist young bosnia member national defence spent month army barracks southern serbia undergoing military training command famous guerrilla fighter returned school resumed activities national unity members decided muslims drawn association expelled gymnasium teacher quarrel association organised school strike students participated serbs strike gained little support students school took disciplinary measures regarded main organisers strike lost scholarship autumn commenced final year secondary education national unity visited year group activists young bosnia university students prague vienna switzerland held series lectures members association explaining views current political situation promoting unity south slavic peoples struggle liberate austria-hungary lectures influenced adopt stance beginning respectively president vice president national unity numbered members including muslims time national unity active groups young bosnia according member national unity ambitious talented young man determined voice heard liked centre attention severe younger members association sharply criticised younger students liked described tall handsome man greatly cared appearance wore bow tie broad hat morning june assassinated ferdinand austria heir throne austria-hungary wife member group conspirators included group arrested austrian police assassination blaming serbia attack austria-hungary declared war month later initiating world war shortly assassination wrote quote sacred thing world duty humanity permanent natural laws june took final exams gymnasium soon wrote draft manifesto south slavic youth referring young bosnia sentence close friend member national unity austrian police searched found list members kept information evidence payment membership fees list including arrested july soon younger brother arrested anti austrian revolutionary correspondence conspirators assassination groups activists young bosnia arrested group containing members national unity called group criminal investigation began july lasted year kept prisons prison kept room enabling organise political literary discussions issued comic satirical magazine called little copies carbon paper number copies found way prison prison group created literary magazine named issue contributed poems essay editor chief contributed illustrations brothers learned french trial group held september sentenced death sixteen years imprisonment members group received sentences months years especially participation military training serbia austrians aware army temporarily took western serbia beginning world war found national defence documents containing records attended training members group sent prison months sentenced joined death penalty years imprisonment prison convict spend months solitary confinement hard mentally hardly recognise recovered took course shoe making given prison fell seriously ill undergo surgery prison hospital late austrian authorities pardoned group went family medical examination declared unfit army service surgery result drafted austrian army entered school medicine university shortly austria-hungary november interwar period kingdom serbs renamed yugoslavia created december incorporated bosnia continued studying medicine activist young bosnia offered king scholarship refused reunited member national unity release prison drafted austrian army sent russian surrendered russians participated october revolution account revolution influenced adopt leftist stance period favourite authors professor anatomy arranged visit institute vienna went times befriended members leftist association yugoslav students vienna university held protest king government yugoslavia took delivered speech protest stood communist_party yugoslavia graduated doctor medicine worked years physician opened private practice adriatic island returned opened practice floor family house mother lived father death soon popular figure patients said simply talking treated poor people free sent homeless man hospital paid surgery earned good standard living people areas went medical treatment villages common sang contracted branch state railway company provide healthcare employees contracted iron ore mining company town near visit mining company clinic twice week taught gymnasium intellectuals town gave lectures miners club lectures usually medical issues described economic social position workers advanced countries miners treated family members free active socially participated sports founded tennis club continues bear bought new kit members football club contracts railway company mining company terminated railway employees protested contract company subsequently renewed miners strike august september leaders strike members secret cell formed january outlawed yugoslavia organisation sent experienced member help strike leaders according communist introduced beginning september stayed days doctor house running strike seeing communist proposed join declined saying habits read literature conversations agreed member party end september members cell held meeting unanimously decided admit held high esteem regarded devoted communist cause communists continued refer communist regarded salon communist onset world war april yugoslavia invaded sides axis powers led german forces assigned physician infantry battalion based days invasion battalion moved completely fighting enemy returned royal yugoslav army april axis powers proceeded yugoslavia modern day croatia modern day bosnia parts modern day serbia combined puppet state called independent state croatia croatian italian german quasi controlled fascist led policies eliminate ethnic population mass killings forced serbs fled german occupied territory serbia measures included taking prominent serbs hostage attacks avoid taken hostage paid resistance began emerge occupied yugoslavia serbian nationalists leadership colonel founded movement members called led prepared rise arms favourable moment view fight axis domestic collaborators common fight yugoslav peoples operation axis invasion soviet_union began june day began arresting communists known towns including communists predicted avoided capture escaping villages hiding towns communists arrested imprisoned hostages second floor school town subjected forced labour led morning town repair road column hostages usually headed carrying shoulder croatian home guards guarding prison treated detained group hostages day axis invasion soviet_union executive committee communist international headquartered moscow central committee measures support alleviate struggle soviet people organise partisan detachments fight axis yugoslavia executive committee stressed fight current stage socialist revolution liberation axis response appeal leaders decided july belgrade launch nationwide armed uprising began days later western serbia members led forces called partisans supreme commander july provincial committee bosnia headed organised province military regions communists keen rescue imprisonment attempts bribe release failed considered school kept july midnight asked guard let toilet floor school guard let followed closely halfway stairs shouted fire smoke came room second floor guards hostages fire entered toilet escaped window went village kilometres accompanied young communist earlier escaped town escorted mount high north plain escape arrested wife son born cared husband released prison months went brothers sisters lived belgrade war yugoslav partisan area july august morning july arrived camp communists escaped situated village news escape soon spread district group early twenties enjoyed increase credibility esteem known respected doctor joined camp people surrounding villages brought food supplies young comrades gave speeches villagers telling prepared impending uprising urging bring rifles hiding homes camp partisan camp area located northern centred mount covers square kilometres square miles area population nearly people villagers serbs towns area biggest mixed muslim population villages inhabited ethnic germans economy dominated agriculture workers employed coal plants communist cells area established shortly axis invasion towns seen uprisings ottomans 19th century night july seven leading communists meeting head regional committee told assembled communists military actions enemy start soon possible actions guerrilla type purpose partisan detachments formed appointed lead uprising district july western partisans took town marking beginning uprising bosnia stage insurgents organised military units district little control men villages took arms referred district insurgents company bulk villagers numbering men firearms according company directed attack july contrary direct order insurgents attacked rescued hostages held insurgents advanced developed position facing town defended croatian home guards german forces line days fighting leaving company control seven villages railway traffic disrupted stopping export iron ore germany uprising involved districts mid august detachments partisans formed territory held insurgents detachments including detachment commanded held line facing leaders uprising met august village conference recognised principal leader recognition resulted pre war social status good reputation people concluded forming line mistake consistent guerrilla warfare point conference stressed importance keeping enemy troops possible area sent russian fight red army detachments area tied specific territories decided detachment operate formed decided command new detachment political promptly formed men carrying red banner detachment couple days villages partisan held territory villagers gathered delivered speeches croatian home guards german battalion soldiers attacked partisan held territory august enemy troops broke partisan line penetrated area burnt houses looted cattle grain villages villagers blamed partisans losses placed white flags houses partisan units retreated deeper forested areas mountains led detachment highest peak evening assembled men told army peoples yugoslavia allow attached specific village area advised homes lay weapons leave men left detachment moved organised camp spent time military training political attack august counter operation partisans emerged significant losses september december leaders uprising assembled september foot detachments partisans arranged companies possessing rifles altogether end september partisans began attacking german troops initially targeting weaker elements operations gave military experience captured weapons ammunition enemy men joined partisans companies formed end october partisans gained control number villages reorganization partisan units merged 2nd national liberation partisan detachment early november appointed commander detachment mid november consisted men organised companies armed rifles light machine guns heavy machine gun end september end december partisans conducted military operations enemy helped plan execute major operations including battles argued village captured situated deep enemy easily disrupt partisans advance villages district supplied germans october partisans command took hours fighting stored products including large quantity railroad ties germans allegedly planning repair railways destroyed soviet partisans occupied ukraine burnt saw action symbolic collaboration red army number croatian home guards captured promptly executed home guards given speech partisans gave food escorted river counter operation undertaken end november croatian home guards germans partisans emerged operation significant losses propaganda claimed rebels destroyed killed partisans repeated mistake frontal resistance stronger enemy forces advanced position attackers avoiding battles win partisans defend villages counter operation germans killed hundreds civilians villages resulting loss support partisans population thought significant victory enemy best way restore lost support counter operation battalion croatian home guard stationed peak ordered attack companies 2nd detachment battalion began december battle ended decisive victory partisans lost men home guards killed captured partisans seized rifles light heavy machine guns mortars mortar rounds rounds small arms ammunition action 2nd detachment command battle companies detachment attacked captured village december taking home guards prisoner letters written home guards families revealed extremely low morale capture opened district partisans home guards retreated significant resistance soon district partisan control detachment controlled mount surrounding region men joined detachment end thousand armed soldiers organised battalions companies detachment established good relations muslim population area number muslims joining partisans december held meeting communists meeting presented short history uprising stated 2nd best organised detachment december home guard headquarters offered reward home guard document described intelligent dangerous rebel leader planned carried attacks highly systematic manner headquarters especially concerned treatment captured home guards communist propaganda speech offer food cigarettes dress wounds let home according headquarters treatment rendered particular home guards useless future operations partisans according courage fighting spirit partisans famous parts bosnia areas bordering bosnia villages people sang area december arrived area western zone responsibility 1st national liberation partisan detachment zone included uprising bosnia began military activities partisans diminished capture italian troops september italians propaganda presented serbian people groups serbs collaborated italians according partisans 1st detachment active held conference commanders december activity weak northern parts went counter italian propaganda partisans italians collaborators accompanied according writer partisan greeted crowd villagers welcomed traditional bread salt ceremony crossed river prominent villagers shook hands compared famous serbian epic hero medieval battle women approached kiss hands declined mark respect saying priest communist visited villages area individual companies 1st detachment visits accompanied partisan units mass gatherings partisan songs sung shouted banners gave speeches villagers soldiers said italian troops area serbs enemies branded collaborated italians serbian people speeches received people spread rumours muslim according killed august communists people people gave rumours january headquarters 1st detachment village presided conference detachment staff political activists criticised detachment headquarters division functions personal members stated headquarters communication companies detachment act military political leadership designated available times headquarters generally pleased partisans describing courageous enthusiastic firm somewhat inexperienced said detachment dispersed villages contact way according partisans losing characteristics like peasants criticised views partisans political abolished warned partisans wore red star punished conference installed partisan new commander 1st deputy commander remained deputy respectively acquaintance visits vienna tour met young writer encouraged write poetry fight partisans said poetry acceptable partisans prose poetry revolution remarked hand hand stayed area mid february partisan leadership bosnia considered successfully countered italian propaganda improved condition 1st detachment tour north west central bosnia left went northwest central bosnia participate regional conference held february partisan territorial structure military political region included central bosnia conference presided participants analysed military political situation region increase influence strongest southeastern northwest central bosnia zones responsibility 3rd 4th detachments big problem number partisans detachments joined influence held bay conference appointed lead unified command partisan forces february replaced unified command named operational headquarters chief staff deputy commander according split partisans central bosnia began december village influenced members local partisan unit join organised unit men beginning march men village march commander 4th detachment set company assault unit formed february according sources went pre arranged negotiations sources state intended column partisans approached school ambushed severely wounded head partisans remained pinned fire evening thirteen killed wounded nightfall wounded transported partisan field hospital field hospital days moved house metres yards away end march operational headquarters headquarters 4th detachment located headquarters field hospital attacked night march members partisan company joined influence leadership deputy 4th detachment night killed partisans according physician attended took weapons posted outside house messenger told write letter ordering remove partisan units area wrote letter encouraging continue partisan fight night group came placed blanket carried house approached nearby stream called shot twice killing april local villagers buried steep wooded end april companies 4th national liberation partisan detachment joined commander detachments war sentenced death supreme_court yugoslavia executed firing squad remains november legacy april headquarters 2nd detachment changed 2nd national liberation partisan detachment partisans vowed avenge death enemies people 2nd detachment companies 1st detachment liberated august partisans supreme headquarters proclaimed people hero yugoslavia monument created brother war erected streets firms schools hospitals associations named socialist yugoslavia songs composed celebrating hero partisan film titled released yugoslavia played received award performance film festival year april commemorated laid monument commemoration president partisan war veterans association declared poetry youth wrote poems published issue literary magazine editor future nobel prize winner poem inspired serbian epic hero ailing number poems preserved belonged closest school friend according poet poems lyrical composed free verse focused man nature filled melancholy finds inspired write poetry reflected verse pain bloody according poet met poems sad brighter life wrote essay published foreword book poetry titled sun initiated creation anthology yugoslav lyric poetry project worked poets completed anthology unknown reason published poetic manifested letters wife especially writes patients


william william lewis december united_states security expert gained prominence security officer manhattan_project built atomic bomb world war charge security project facility oak ridge tennessee later composite group dropped atomic bombs hiroshima nagasaki war headed atomic energy commission program provide security personnel developed secret clearance later served chief physical security state education military career william lewis born massachusetts son italian immigrants anthony née attended high school college athletic scholarship college football team wrestling champion earning degree engineering soon returned got education worked private companies army corps engineers civilian corps engineers involved construction army air field new_hampshire fort massachusetts later served army counter intelligence agent word war attended suffolk university graduating passed massachusetts bar examination admitted practice federal bar attended american university washington enlisting army assigned corps intelligence police later renamed counter intelligence corps attended officer candidate school fort commissioned second lieutenant army corps engineers assigned director operations service command responsible field offices special agents dealt espionage plant security sabotage water security personnel investigations february posted corps based texas responsible setting intelligence units assigned combat formations united_states officers agents conducted investigations evaluated loyalty individuals corps trained troops security procedures august instructor school chicago manhattan_project security joining manhattan_project late initially assigned new_england area looked security organizations including key contractors stone general_electric american universities harvard brown yale mit promoted lieutenant july captain march ultimately major june august appointed security officer large town industrial installation built government oak ridge tennessee atomic bomb oversaw physical security site responsible security clearance personnel supervised activities town police detectives welfare bureau provided security transport materials oak ridge weapons laboratory los new_mexico february assumed command 1st technical service detachment attached composite group army air_force unit created deliver atomic bomb responsible security clearance personnel arrived orders lieutenant colonel john manhattan_project head security containing members bomb squadron combat element composite group particular concerns captain indicated emotional problem commander composite group lieutenant colonel paul opted based skills background checks 1st ordnance squadron revealed escaped ranks enlisting army false names easy way escaping detection wartime skilled technicians hard find elected threatening send prison duty security oversaw movement training base army air field utah island western pacific travelling air project alberta advance party douglas green troop carrier squadron book project alberta civilian scientist project alberta fat man bomb assembly team recounts flight asked military people plane armed informed islands stopping held forces flying close islands occupied japanese remote chance engaged japanese aircraft anti aircraft guns flew islands night charge physical security installations supervised unloading installation stores equipment point left shirt line night disappeared mentioned know told likely taken japanese soldiers holding caves tunnels periodic raids search food thought responsible outbreak composite group security increased outbreak looked security bases emergency supervised loading loading little boy bomb gay bombing hiroshima august charge communications center relayed messages people know hiroshima target attacked subsequent surrender japan accompanied manhattan_project team sent survey damage spending weeks nagasaki postwar career returned united_states october discharged army april returned boston admitted bar practiced law engineering recalled active duty october conduct investigation reports servicemen tried sell pictures atomic bomb baltimore sun turned pictures dummy bombs drop tests chosen newly created atomic energy commission washington head program provide security personnel requirement atomic energy act time developed criteria clearance married august son stephen lee second command armed forces special weapons project construction program build storage bases atomic weapons highest ranking civilian project responsible million works federal bureau investigation fbi sought continue relationship developed atomic energy commission internal fbi described main source confidential information worked intelligence specialist newly established central intelligence agency cia wrote office policy coordination briefing manual covert action branch intelligence community time overseen jointly state department department defense director central intelligence special assistant secretary commerce chief facilities protection board staff member industrial board boards overseen committee internal security national security resources board charged developing security programs industry developed jointly representatives power transportation explosives petroleum communications industries directly responsible secretary commerce republican administration took office found job accepted temporary assignment department state assistant charge state division amidst allegations senator joseph mccarthy presence communist army state department expertise won position procedures developed wrote handbook state department investigators review loyalty employees accordance executive order executive order state department physical security split foreign domestic branches reorganized group called division physical security consisting branches took new chief published protection dignitaries manual developed handbook training school marine security guards assigned overseas chief division responsible security state personnel facilities united_states abroad responsible security queen elizabeth_ii prince visit united_states ill late replaced christian posted overseas administrative officer embassy state department liaison department defense returned united_states briefly handle state visit assignment died heart attack office air embassy december buried arlington national cemetery survived wife née died october son lee film portrayals portrayed james motion picture lawrence noted fictional character cinematic creation know right answers right thing wanted meet unable portrayed stephen movie gay men mission atomic bomb minor japanese canadian film hiroshima


baron croatian august croatian soldier joined army monarchy fought ottoman_empire french republic french revolutionary wars commanded brigade italian campaign napoleon led division napoleonic wars received fatal wound action serving infantry croatian military frontier received military award notable actions battle ottomans leading fought french italy colonel entrusted command infantry brigade early finally appointed general officer participated nearly battle italy year including austrian attempts raise siege led troops italy french success following year saw leading troops appointed lead division italy soon sacked failing halt french attack year found leading division invasion bavaria fought actions near april mortally wounded battle july leading troops austrian generals demonstrated average initiative skill particularly proprietor austrian infantry regiment early career born sources place birthplace present day village near father major commanded fourth infantry company croatian military frontier headquartered mother née infantry officer family birthplace today croatia initially nominal kingdom croatia monarchy later fully transferred direct imperial rule larger military frontier croatian military frontier placed unified control croatian general command graduating military academy located castle joined home regiment promoted lieutenant served montenegro austrians planned start uprising montenegro liberate balkans delegation win chiefs risen rank captain infantry regiment austro turkish war fought distinction earning military order maria november named nobility december raised soon reached strength men companies infantry squadrons austro turkish war served acting commander rank major promoted lieutenant colonel married von years younger years dying children sons daughters french revolutionary wars coalition fought italy war coalition promoted battle november troops conducted stout defense monastery campaign april commanded brigade austrian army led austrian vanguard pass april attack jean brigade near genoa april defeated austrian force battle day directed brigade establish contact right wing poorly written order started day late missed november fighting second battle day marched man brigade good fortune caught brigade troops town routed time appeared heavy reinforcements seized opportunity offered success promptly village state defense withdrew town giving french tough fight appointed brigadier general soon fought battle led rear guard consisting battalions infantry regiment fell east end bridge employed line defense subjected continual cannon fire frontal attack column elite troops austrians defeated notoriety french falsely claimed killed fighting commanded man brigade battle siege siege lifted august led men garrison reinforce main army battle second attempt relieve siege joined paul corps badly injured fall night battle occurred september led brigade day fighting troops tried stop advance finally routed superior numbers attempt relieve participated corps victories november battle november 17th troops battled way river gorge link joseph von column heights routed french won battle french army commander drove corps fourth attempt relieve directed lead 6th column east bank river artillery supported attack prince west bank river exerted little influence disastrous result battle troops wrong river second coalition served italy war second coalition french driven austrians alexander captured decisive april loss compelled general retreat general commanding french forces replaced new defensive positions taken river surprised french crossing river general managed crossing april trapped jean french troops sharp fight surviving soldiers laid arms led army advance guard capture numerous towns northwest italy july proprietor newly formed infantry regiment similarly numbered regiment disbanded remain regiment proprietor death promoted lieutenant general october took italian campaign invaded italy great saint bernard pass commanded division farther east area lake lake cavalry patrol scouts briefly captured prisoners french general escort appeared sudden french offensive drove outnumbered troops milan pursued french corps retreated remaining men missing battle napoleonic wars war coalition led division charles army italy division consisted line battalions squadrons organized brigades led tasked guarding east bank opposite maintaining link von corps garrisoned suburb san battalions holding battalions farther hills rest troops watched river farther north battle october led light companies army supported infantry divisions assault crossing river west french stormed bridge quickly captured san threw infantry cavalry struggle heights lasted day french diversion occupied right flank brigade keeping fight second diversion charles thinking main attack end day count von appear reinforcements late stop establishing hills north city believing held troops dismissed command appointed prince replacement account asserts sacked placed number cannons exposed position violation charles orders austrians suffered casualties loss cannons french lost killed wounded beginning war fifth coalition commanded iii light division charles main army bavaria brigades led included charles legion battalions plus regiments artillery pieces eve battle instrumental providing information movement french troops charles including correspondence leading prince friedrich advance guard battle april drove french advance elements occupied commanding ridge marshal louis attacked conducted stout defense troops reinforcements arrived wounded action continued lead troops battle notable unusual degree line leadership austrian generals april troops fought rear guard action troops command formed extreme left flank main body charles prepared crush morning april dispatch brought word charles napoleon descend austrian left flank battle day conducted defense holding french long prince deploy missed battle involved unsuccessful bid cut napoleon supply line near commanded center column attack fortified suburb north bank danube badly coordinated attack failed battle led divisions reorganized iii occasion commanded brigades joseph infantry infantry cavalry infantry mortally wounded july second day battle defending attack month finally died wounds vienna august austrian generals killed fatally wounded peter von von construction design works instrumental development transport infrastructure present day croatian shores adriatic_sea significant contributions field construction roads designs road known road completed replaced earlier route comprised steep grades limiting capacity new road permitted setting free port significantly improved connection slopes currently route largely corresponds western section road major route designed louisiana road branch serving road built route road designed coastal road port structures directed reconstruction road leading


frederick august november august dutch military officer pilot flew royal netherlands east indies air_force world war attack western_australia march managed land plane refugees safely japanese attack plane machine gun shot japanese fighters allied kill attack shortly attack sent mission java recover officers allied headquarters threat overrun served remainder war netherlands east indies squadron raaf australia world war fought dutch early life born november island dutch_east_indies island parents ran trading store rubber tin sugar childhood age sent netherlands study nautical school stayed grandparents studying years later class merchant marine specialised navigation aged nineteen started working freighter sailed netherlands java work ship went island borneo work oil returned netherlands time work royal netherlands navy submarine torpedo time navy friend showed pilot position netherlands east indies air_force formed time joined air_force pilot age flew transports dutch_east_indies mainly lockheed attack flight java march flight lieutenant transporting refugees dutch_east_indies perth western_australia lockheed stopped airfield refuel attacked japanese zero fighter planes long distance raid saw danger plane open proceeded machine gun plane piloted flew low altitude managed shoot air crash killed credited raid kill allied believed hit japanese plane ditch sea japanese destroyed allied aircraft flying boats refugee transport moored bay suffered severe burns hand attack hold machine gun barrel aim hand treated flew medical evacuations days rest japanese forces taking java threatening allied headquarters march allied command decided senior raf raaf officers evacuated chosen pilot protested decision arguing lack rest hinder chances finding dark electronic aids seen experienced pilots terrain knowledge flight instructor recent refugee flights factor damaged attack considered suitable plane evacuation mission flew java managed land plane road lit picked fourteen passengers plane successfully returned australia later service life following attack evacuation mission sent new_south_wales joined netherlands east indies squadron raaf formed april patrolled eastern australian shore end japanese submarine attacked sydney harbour fellow pilots subsequently ordered patrol submarines patrol june managed sink japanese submarine mitchell bomber success welcomed recent submarine attack personally congratulated australian prime minister john spend rest war squadron served airfield airfield northern australia pilot operations instructor working canberra war nicknamed lucky bill colleagues killer japanese member squadron flew dutch_east_indies late unauthorized recovery allied prisoners war mission searching mother sister unable find time later pilot flew camp saw written ground flour sister draw attention brother assumed looking shortly flew camp dropped letter followed days supply food war sent indonesia fight dutch met future wife prior world war married dutch couple fled indonesia country achieved independence returned netherlands air_force test pilot couple emigrated new_zealand gained commercial pilot license joined royal new_zealand air_force reserve flew tiger time resigned considered flying dangerous owing safety standards family moved nelson found work flying school final flight ran businesses worked engineer wife moved queensland australia years later returned new_zealand settled statue unveiled airmen flew airfield member parliament mike kelly attended street named died august suffering complications broken hip caused fall months earlier survived sons decorations bronze cross honorable mention bronze cross later upgraded bronze lion


george brigadier general george august november maryland american military officer served thirteen years united_states_army resigning commission start american_civil_war joined confederacy rose rank brigadier general army northern virginia nicknamed maryland avoid verbal confusion virginia stuart unsuccessfully promoted maryland conflict began war captain 1st maryland infantry promoted colonel battle brigadier general brief cavalry command reassigned infantry wounded cross keys war year recovering shoulder injury reassigned lee army shortly battle captured battle court house exchanged summer held command army northern virginia remainder war officers robert lee surrendered grant court house spent rest long life operating plantation anne county maryland late nineteenth century joined united confederate veterans commander maryland division early life family george born august family scots ancestry baltimore eldest children raised family estate west baltimore known maryland square located near present day intersection baltimore monroe streets family wealthy plantation owners strong supporters slavery depended labor shared long tradition military service son major general george anne county maryland served war confused baltimore residents referred father son old general young general elder inherited approximately acres km2 land including farm mount slaves high number upper south grandson james physician served american revolutionary war great grandson george physician emigrated maryland scotland lieutenant colonel horse militia governor early military career attended united_states military academy july july graduating 37th class aged nineteen assigned 2nd lieutenant 2nd regiment cavalry served frontier fighting indians served jefferson barracks missouri carried frontier duty fort kansas participated expedition rocky_mountains actively participated army expedition utah war expedition married maria january couple met kansas married lived fort separated long periods campaign duty stationed distant frontier posts daughters marie born ann born civil war maryland union loyalty lay south father commanded baltimore city militias riot april following federal troops occupied baltimore incident arguably armed confrontation civil war resigned captain commission april soon entered service confederate army cavalry captain father determined prevent union soldiers occupying maryland april wrote charles howard president board baltimore police massachusetts troops march shall motion early tomorrow morning pay respects events favor letter father wrote found disgust observations route place came large majority population insane idea loyalty union legislature diminished unreliable hear intended doomed troops taken military possession state determined commit invading army efforts persuade maryland union vain april maryland legislature voted state swiftly occupied union soldiers prevent decision resign commission join rebels soon cost family dear mansion maryland square confiscated union_army hospital erected estate care federal wounded welcomed confederacy maryland gifted sons hoped follow example bull run soon lieutenant colonel newly formed 1st maryland infantry serving colonel arnold fought distinction battle bull run taking charge routed union_army soon promoted colonel assumed command regiment succeeding promoted brigadier general soon began acquire reputation strict gained admiration men initially unpopular result said ordered men sweep bare dirt inside prone lines past order test occasion plan beaten later claimed recognized general eventually rigid system discipline quietly quickly health morale splendid command according major served maryland infantry love clean camp desire promote health comfort men enforcement rules influence things george wilson booth young officer command harper ferry recalled memoirs regiment master hand soon gave evidence qualities pride army placed fame maryland foreground southern states historians kind seeing tough nasty cruel suggesting old army discipline best way mould lead essentially citizen army campaign battle winchester promoted brigadier general march commanding brigade major general richard division jackson valley campaign jackson gave command cavalry regiments 2nd 6th virginia cavalry regiments battle winchester jackson army victorious defeated federal infantry retreated confusion conditions perfect cavalry complete victory cavalry units found press home advantage jackson complained chance cavalry cavalry place exhausted infantry forced forward lieutenant jackson staff sent find eventually found gave order pursue banks retreating army general delayed valuable time point military declined obey order came general immediate divisional commander proper channels followed frustrated rode miles find duly gave order surprised general gone immediately eventually gave chase overtook advance confederate infantry picking prisoners result delay confederate cavalry overtake federal army words jackson report reach successful pursuit jackson continued good reason believing cavalry played pursuit small portion banks army escape remains unclear precisely reluctant pursue banks defeated army vigorously contemporary records shed little light matter thirteen years training cavalry officer led obey orders letter little room personal initiative variation strict process charges brought despite jackson reputation stern possible jackson strong desire confederacy recruit southern cause need avoid tempted join lee army soon winchester june involved unfortunate incident 2nd virginia cavalry mistakenly fired 27th virginia infantry thomas thomas went general requested regiments 6th 2nd virginia cavalry transferred command turner recently promoted brigadier general agreed went jackson final approval jackson gave consent remainder war serve infantry commander battle cross keys battle cross keys june commanded 1st maryland infantry attacked successfully fought larger federal force severely injured shoulder shot carried battlefield ball shot struck shoulder broken causing wound injury heal begin improve ball removed surgery august prevent returning field entire year campaign advance maryland return army assigned robert lee command brigade force men major general edward johnson division army northern virginia brigade commander brigadier general relieved command lee disappointed performance battle brigade consisted following regiments 2nd maryland successor disbanded 1st maryland 1st 3rd north_carolina 10th 23rd 37th virginia rivalries state regiments recurring problem brigade lee hoped old army hand able effectively addition stage war lee desperately short experienced senior commanders command month campaign got way june lee army advanced north maryland taking war union territory second time said jumped horse kissed native soil stood head according aides loved maryland felt burned desire john howard recalled performed seventeen double maryland maryland celebrations prove short lived brigade soon severely damaged battle july lee advance north went second battle winchester june fought johnson division helping bring confederate victory brigade took prisoners suffered comparatively small losses killed wounded battle battle july prove turning point war end lee advance men arrived exhausted little dusk evening july following mile march men attacked union line night july gaining ground lower hill stone wall near spring fresh federal reinforcements blocked advance ground gained night large number quantity union artillery wheeled place sound caused optimistic hope enemy retreating wagons morning july revealed scale union defenses enemy artillery opened fire distance yards terrific fire followed ferocious assault position result terrible slaughter brigade fought hours relief exhausting ammunition successfully holding position late morning july johnson ordered bayonet charge fortified enemy lines confident ability sweep away union line reverse appalled strongly critical attack direct orders gave order left face file right sending men heavy fire brigade advanced union attempted times control hill vital union_army defensive line result second maryland north_carolina regiments charged defended position strongly held brigades reaching enemy lines severe casualties men said broken hands crying poor boys overall failed attack hill cost johnson division men accounted brigade far brigade division 8th july pre battle strength men reported duty casualty rate second maryland north_carolina half thirds space hours fought extremely difficult conditions officer cited johnson report marked high water mark confederacy lee army retreat final surrender general grant court house battle farm winter saw action battle run known battle farm november brigade attacked union soldiers johnson rode aid bringing reinforcements bringing confederate rear halted brigade swiftly formed line battle road repel union attack confused fighting followed fell taking heavy losses prevented union breakthrough wounded second time sustaining injury arm according historical marker commemorates engagement vastly superior force helped stall advance entire union_army battle wilderness summer saw severe action battle wilderness led north_carolina infantry new_york regiments causing union losses men battle brother lieutenant william james severely wounded hip sent guinea station hospital officers richmond virginia died injuries friend family university virginia wrote father charge trust grief help giving expression deep heartfelt sympathy great sorrow sacrificed cause know present precious offering character submission christian know valuable son interests dear heart tell deep sincere grief heard terrible loss disaster soon afterward battle court house captured brigade brutal fighting shoe shoe formed confederate lines strategic portion vital high ground vulnerable attack sides night confederate commanders withdrew artillery pieces convinced grant attack fall credit alert enemy preparations sent message johnson advising imminent enemy attack requesting return artillery unfortunately shortly dawn union forces comprising divisions major general corps attacked shoe heavy fog taking confederate forces surprise exhaustion inadequate food lack artillery support wet powder night rain contributed collapse confederate position union forces mist overwhelming men effectively putting end virginia brigade confederate muskets fire damp powder apart remaining artillery pieces effectively firearms thick fierce hand hand fighting followed forced surrender colonel james beaver pennsylvania infantry beaver asked sword sir general replied considerable early didn time brought general seen wife maria washington battle wished news husband extended hand asking refused shake hand men friends war enemies said considering general refuse hand said replied general refused offer episode offended left march union rear prisoners battle sent prisoner war charleston south_carolina later imprisoned head officers placed fire confederate artillery fighting prove end brigade johnson division strong start battle severely reduced size barely brigade formed brigades walker jones consolidated small brigade command colonel terry 4th virginia infantry end war exchanged later summer returning command brigade army northern virginia division major general george brigade consisted 9th 14th 38th 53rd 57th virginia regiments served trenches north james river siege june march stage war confederate supplies point lee army began hungry theft food problem forced send armed guards supply depot order ensure men packages stolen continued lead brigade division campaign march april battle april creek april battles marking effective end confederate resistance general distracted left command infantry bore huge union assault general leading men consequences disastrous previous year men falling prisoner forces end confederate resistance days away creek lee exhausted army finally fell apart seeing survivors streaming road lee william god army dissolved replied general troops ready duty continued fighting end finally surrendering lee general grant court house april lee original according maryland veteran war gave completely faculty energy southern cause war war end returned maryland swore oath loyalty union farmed mount farmhouse near south river south served commander maryland division united confederate veterans died november age south river maryland buried green mount cemetery baltimore wife maria died years later survived daughters marie ann surprisingly maryland remained union war monument home state hill area baltimore recalls family long association city


charles stone charles stone september january career united_states_army officer civil engineer surveyor fought distinction mexican american war earning promotions performance conflict resigning surveying mexican government returned army fight american_civil_war stone reportedly volunteer enter union_army war served general officer noted involvement battle ball bluff october held responsible union defeat stone arrested imprisoned months political reasons received trial release hold significant command war stone later served distinction general egyptian army noted role constructing base statue liberty early life stone born massachusetts son stone town doctor wife entered united_states military academy west_point graduated years later standing seventh cadets appointed second lieutenant ordnance july military career ordnance officer stone stayed west_point serving assistant professor teaching geography history ethics august january posted arsenal new_york assistant ordnance officer fortress monroe old point comfort virginia stone worked facilities arsenal assistant benjamin serve war mexico mexican war fighting scott army mexican american war stone promoted second lieutenant march saw action siege veracruz march near battle august stone fought notably battle del september appointed lieutenant date conduct fight september stone participated battle appointed captain conduct day fought battle mexico_city september successful climbing party volcano raising american flag summit original member club military society formed army officers served mexico pacific_coast war mexico ended stone returned arsenal taking position assistant ordnance officer granted leave absence army proceeded europe study military practices armies years resumed duty arsenal briefly given command monroe arsenal later year stone appointed chief ordnance pacific department post held began construction arsenal california year time promoted rank lieutenant effective february stone married maria daughter robert west_point classmate jefferson davis davis served best man wedding march november resigned commission army finding pay inadequate family briefly banker san_francisco bank failed following year treasurer stone went mexico worked government jobs surveyed mexican state surveyed lower region california stone served acting consul mexico municipal center moved family settling washington published survey findings entitled notes state civil war outbreak stone found washington writing report dinner commander scott stone requested inspector general district_of_columbia militia rank colonel january reputed volunteer officer mustered union_army civil war role secured capital arrival president elect abraham_lincoln personally responsible security new president inaugural stone appointed colonel 14th infantry regiment brigadier general union_army august rank commanded brigade robert army bull run campaign june july stone given command division called corps observation guarding upper river fall efforts carry orders maintain discipline stone drew attention wrath home state governor john andrew charles senior senator massachusetts powerful influential radical republican politicians late september stone issued general orders required men encourage coloured servants neighbourhood runaway slaves came lines regiments 20th massachusetts infantry promptly caught returned owner compliance stone orders federal maryland law 20th massachusetts disagreed stone insistence returning slavery wrote families representatives incident governor andrew strongly colonel regiment gave letter stone reading stone wrote contents summarized military historian bruce follows regiment united_states service governor business discipline young lieutenant colonel properly told subject governor governor future hand heated letters passed andrew stone andrew involved quickly strongly denounced stone senate stone written response described terms bitter challenging senator duel situation stone dealings men tragic consequences near future ball bluff october stone ordered george conduct reconnaissance river report confederate activities virginia hoped action combined movement brig george division men day encourage confederate withdrawal area engagement occurring message staff related situation outlined stone orders general occupied yesterday send heavy today directions point general desires good movement effect drive away slight demonstration effect order stone reasonably believed support nearby needed know ordered previous position october putting help stone away stone division numbered men posted maryland miles portions command points shore moved artillery edward ferry shell woods opposite river held confederate forces stone sent small boats men 1st minnesota infantry returned shortly incident near sunset sent small patrol soldiers 15th massachusetts infantry scout union movements desired effect crossing harrison island river men scaled ball bluff encountered believed confederate camp thirty men mile inland patrol returned harrison island reported messenger stone edwards ferry response report stone thought confederate forces leaving decided investigate led command directly edwards ferry stone ordered col charles men 15th massachusetts immediately cross ball bluff night stone instructions march cover night position camp attack destroy return rapidly island carried stone orders difficult crossing small man boats taking hours accomplish stone gave discretion attack hold return harrison island stone ordered rest 15th massachusetts added 20th massachusetts infantry col william lee effort ordered general senator edward baker overall command found camp earlier patrol apparently confused corn tents evening shadows halted asked stone instructions responded push closer determined hold waiting hours reinforcements began baker arrived confederate col evans charge forces opposing stone learned crossings split man command regiments ordered deal stone blocking road edwards ferry remainder fought defeated baker force ball bluff baker sent updates stone idea battle occurring finding path blocked stone returned edwards ferry moved harrison island learned defeat ball bluff quickly asked help thought nearby actually miles away stone lost men killed wounded captured drowned ball bluff lost union total included baker sitting senator killed combat bullets ripped dead hit ground baker death action ball bluff consequences stone affect way american_civil_war prosecuted official report battle october hold stone personally responsible defeat saying disaster caused errors committed immediate commander general stone arrest imprisonment stone bore public criticism congress joint committee conduct war established wake baker congressional anger defeat seven man group called stone witnesses ball bluff affair testimony given kept secret end october stone official report ball bluff leaked new_york newspaper stone praised baker bravery clear shortcomings field commander baker congressional allies governor andrew senator openly denounced report began point accusing fingers stone baker stone loyalty union position slavery question military abilities decisions committee questions accused improper frequent communications enforcing baker men protect property maryland returning runaway slaves owners despite following maryland federal law problem stone defending order forbidding testimony plans orders movement troops orders concerning position troops impossible stone explain movements committee kept investigation cloud suspected treason stone arrested midnight february orders acting orders secretary war dated january awaiting stone near home washington soldiers led brig george stone approached stated duty perform arrest stone angrily asked said don know order george general chief army tell sent fort shocked stone stated send true soldier government service guard stone ordered sent military prison fort train reached rail depot philadelphia confusion payment ticket caused stone buy ticket reaching facility immediately solitary confinement managed hire attorney waited official charges filed according articles war days arrest stone case sent inquiries army adjutant general office stated charges reviewed prior publicized received satisfactory explanation contrary army regulations charges filed stone stand trial solitary confinement fort exercise consequently stone health began physicians protested heavily ordered transferred military prison fort hamilton stone allowed exercise condition improved stayed fort days spend fort hamilton stone finally released explanation apology august reason release new legislation written california senator james small addition bill reiterated articles war requirement official charges filed days arrest went include imprisoned officer given trial thirty days clear legislation applied currently arrest covered stone case passed congress signed law president lincoln july waited thirty days releasing stone president lincoln ordered arrest stone communication september general chief wrote stone arrest understood orders president release release stone returned home washington awaited orders continued try clear despite arrest confinement stone services demand september maryland campaign developed asked war department stone declined joseph took command army early asked stone chief staff denied request february stone finally allowed hear testimony caused arrested longer commander stone freely answer accusations committee satisfaction soon published revised findings clearing stone facts known new_york_times newspaper general stone sustained wrong wrong probably stand worst national history war assignment stone ordered department gulf serving member surrender commission port hudson red river campaign banks chief staff april ordered stone mustered volunteer commission brigadier general reverted rank colonel regular army served briefly brigade commander army siege finally resigned army september end war later life american_civil_war ended stone worked engineer later superintendent virginia dover mining company following year william army commanding general recommended stone service egyptian army served chief staff general aide camp egypt given rank lieutenant general title stone career egyptian army described stone served implementing general staff expanding egypt boundaries establishing schools education egypt soldiers children remained service successor son years british bombarded alexandria led revolt egyptian army stone stayed alexandria wife daughters trapped cairo stone later returned united_states worked engineer florida ship canal company served chief engineer construction statue liberty pedestal concrete foundation fell ill dedication ceremony died new_york_city stone buried west_point national cemetery stone wife maria died washington shortly stone release fort hamilton serving new_orleans stone fell love stone daughters son john stone stone later pioneer field wireless stone original founding member club social organization officers served mexican american war legacy military historian warner held stone treatment following ball bluff disdain saying arrest imprisonment stone parallel annals american military civil victim demonstration joint committee conduct war avenge death colleagues known war knife war end slavery preserve union


thomas white australian politician sir thomas walter white april october australian politician world war pilot airmen trained australian flying corps action deployed middle_east half flight captured november year escaped july awarded distinguished flying cross twice mentioned despatches white began parliamentary career elected member victoria served minister trade customs joseph united australia party government resigned excluded inner cabinet joined royal_australian_air_force raaf second world war saw service australia united_kingdom returning parliament member newly formed liberal party served minister air minister civil aviation robert government term coincided commitment raaf squadrons korean war emergency australia high commissioner united_kingdom white died october early life world war thomas walter white born april north melbourne son charles james white brass finisher england emily jane victoria educated state school white commissioned 5th australian regiment citizen military forces august weeks outbreak world war students commence training point cook pilot australian flying corps later described biographer success disdain authority suspicion white recalled flying school bristol senses took place instruments eyes ears duty engine rush air face told climb right angle graduated fellow students included future chief air staff sir richard williams november april white appointed captain australian imperial force adjutant half flight unit active service based initially operating primitive half flight assisted indian army campaign conducting reconnaissance sabotage missions white successfully carried operations involved landing enemy lines mission october forced land owing engine trouble risk attempting repairs aircraft kilometres miles past enemy observer kept watch rifle ready adventure historian described culminated engine finally allowing white fly safety australian base white touted feat taxi ing record november white captured attempting cut telegraph wires near baghdad mentioned despatches july imprisoned turkey escaped train constantinople july managed away cargo ship ukraine travelling london experience soviets helped inform subsequent anti communism white awarded distinguished flying cross june december mentioned despatches valuable services whilst captivity london met daughter australian prime minister alfred promptly engaged white discharged january married march john church_of_england despite opposition family year managing director father hardware company white sons ltd commanded 6th battalion lieutenant colonel published account wartime exploits guests parliamentary career second world war white ran unsuccessfully nationalist house_of_representatives seat elections failed win victorian legislative assembly seat denied pre selection nationalist senate following year won seat election held august succeeded retiring member william united australia party came power elections march appointed minister trade customs ministry replacing henry stood ill health white given white sons previous year portfolio responsible reducing attempting increase trade britain opposed united_states japan book film censorship established advisory board chaired robert recommendations white australian chairman royal life saving society serving active supporter organisations legacy royal flying doctor service july white represented australia inter governmental conference jewish refugees held france discuss growing numbers jewish seeking leave germany occupied territories expressed remorse listening stories refugees conference ultimately offer support saying real racial problem encouraging scheme large scale foreign migration australia accept refugees years white reaction australian government support munich agreement think hang heads stand bully europe mean peace price called stronger preparations home case war including introduction conscription november resigned portfolio having discovered joseph established inner cabinet excluded response parliament white resignation publicly highlighted divisions white stood leadership death following year eliminated early robert eventually leader outbreak second world war white flight lieutenant temporary squadron leader time citizen air_force took leave parliament april appointed inaugural commanding officer initial training school victoria following year travelled england administered australian airmen served royal_australian_air_force raaf liaison officer raf training command commanded raf station brighton according parliamentary library australia white flew sorties second pilot paid tribute men empire air training scheme narrative poem sky saga returning melbourne later year white served raaf staff school discharge honorary group captain october month attended conference resulted establishment liberal party new party officially launched august following election liberal government elections white appointed minister air minister civil aviation despite personal animosity partly stemmed failure serve world war january white minister supply development richard announced english electric canberra selected replace raaf lincoln bombers new jet manufactured government aircraft factory victoria white term minister air saw deployment raaf squadrons korean war emergency establishment women royal_australian_air_force successor organisation wartime women auxiliary australian air_force november following year gave approval manufacture licensed version north american sabre jet fighter raaf played major controversial decision replace long serving chief air staff air marshal sir george jones raf officer air vice marshal later air chief marshal sir white sought strengthen citizen air_force personally ordered establishment city adelaide squadron south_australia later life june white resigned parliament australian high commissioner united_kingdom position held succeeded member liberal white appointed knight commander order british_empire january high commissioner advocated continued british migration australia participated renewal assisted passage scheme countries suffered october died heart attack home melbourne suburb south survived wife daughters accorded state funeral paul cathedral melbourne interred point cemetery daughters donated papers national library australia