george george november december ukrainian russian ukrainian american physical chemistry professor harvard participated manhattan_project later served president dwight science advisor born old russian_empire fled homeland russian civil war way germany earned phd physical chemistry supervision max university berlin emigrated united_states joined faculty harvard_university citizen world war head national defense research committee section responsible development explosives technical director explosives research laboratory oversaw development new explosives including involved research theory explosions development shaped charges october brought manhattan_project consultant soon placed charge division responsible development explosive lenses necessary type nuclear weapon july watched detonated trinity test weeks later fat man type weapon dropped nagasaki chaired national academy sciences committee science engineering public policy vice president severed connections government protest war vietnam active organization council world chairman early life george born russian_empire ukraine november george grandfather professor law attorney russian_empire specialized criminal law father professor legal philosophy university elected member national academy sciences ukraine mother maria brother alexander george uncle minister internal affairs ukrainian state attended private schools moscow russian revolution broke joined anti communist white army escaped russia french ship spending time turkey yugoslavia way germany enrolled university berlin later year earned phd physical chemistry supervision max writing thesis graduate assistant published papers thesis written traveled united_states international education board fellow hugh taylor student accepted assessment gave place princeton_university year married swedish woman daughter later professor physics massachusetts institute technology year fellowship ran received research associate fellowship october associate professor princeton taylor published series papers encouraged taylor published american chemical society monograph processes joined faculty harvard_university affiliation continued career harvard research interests chemical increasingly involved consulting government industry associate professor time harvard year american citizen james lawrence professor chemistry world war national defense research committee expanded role science world war united_states joined president franklin roosevelt created national defense research committee june bush chairman james president harvard appointed head division responsible bombs gases chemicals appointed head section concerned explosives june absorbed office scientific research development bush chairman succeeded chairman head section reorganization december division broken head division responsible explosives remaining position february unhappy state american knowledge explosives established explosives research laboratory near laboratories bureau mines pennsylvania october initially supervised activities making occasional visits formally appoint technical director spring initially hampered shortage facilities grew staff wartime peak time laboratory staff important field research powerful explosive developed british war challenge develop industrial process produce large scale mixed tnt produce composition widely munitions torpedoes depth charges pilot plants operation large scale production followed response special request explosive smuggled japanese chinese mixed non toxic explosive produced product process flour create aunt brand flour edible explosive pass regular flour cooking addition research synthetic explosives like investigated properties shock waves initiated pure research project obvious immediate applications visited england met british experts including william taylor bright wilson surveyed existing state knowledge found areas investigation began look model describes way shock wave created time model doubt subject studies john von princeton institute advanced study realized theory result speed chemical reactions control reaction calculations level needed section drawn investigation shaped charges mechanism explained taylor james manhattan_project manhattan_project los laboratory research proceeding division worked cylinders small charges produced objects looked like rocks research accorded low priority owing expectations gun type nuclear weapon design work technology required september los laboratory director robert arranged von visit los investigate fresh set eyes reviewing studies discussing matter edward von suggested use high explosive shaped charges sphere showed result faster assembly material possible gun method greatly reduce material required prospect efficient nuclear weapons impressed decided expert explosives required immediately suggested brought project consultant october initially reluctant come partly later explained didn think bomb ready time interested helping win war los began effort introduced techniques photography rays study behavior shaped charges extensively employed described papers suggested dimensional explosive lenses aspects manhattan_project research explosive lenses followed multiple lines inquiry simultaneously noted impossible predict basic techniques successful brought los detailed knowledge studies shaped charges explosives like composition procedures increasingly drawn effort deputy director duncan took charge manhattan_project project replaced head explosives division february program acquired new urgency group los verified produced nuclear contained unsuitable use gun type weapon series crisis meetings july concluded prospect working weapon august reorganized entire laboratory concentrate new explosives group division created develop lenses leadership division designed complex explosive lenses needed pit employed explosives significantly different order produce required wave form chose slow explosive experimenting fast explosives division settled composition work explosives right shape continued lenses needed flawless techniques casting composition developed managed accomplish procedure preparing form easy cast march committee called rode herd effort july watched device detonated trinity test weeks later fat man type nuclear weapon dropped nagasaki work contributed skiing los rings explosives fell trees ski slope leading establishment hill ski tow association divorced married divorced married white_house service administration appointed president science advisory committee succeeded james chairman directed office science technology policy succeeded suggested president inspection foreign military facilities sufficient control nuclear weapons cited difficulty monitoring missile submarines proposed arms control strategy focus january arms control planning negotiation suggested threshold concept proposal nuclear tests level seismic detection technology forbidden agreement ussr work jointly improve detection technology test yield downward techniques improved example national means technical sensitive intelligence collection arms control provide raising site inspection requirement level unacceptable soviets introduced threshold concept soviets geneva arms control conference january soviets march responded favorably suggesting threshold given seismic magnitude talks broke result crisis time early nuclear arms control work chairman joint chiefs staff general sent memorandum august secretary defense suggested strategic air command sac formally assigned responsibility prepare national nuclear target list single plan nuclear operations point army navy air_force target planning led objectives targeted multiple times different services separate service plans mutually supporting example navy destroying air defense facility route air_force bomber going deeper target sent memo members joint chiefs staff disagreed policy early thomas gates succeeded asked president dwight decide policy said leave successor integrated forces existed early november sent sac headquarters evaluate war plans initially given access sent stronger set orders sac officers cooperate report presented november described plans huge numbers targets attacked multiple forces resulting shocked plans focused creation single integrated operational plan entire process picking targets generating requirements planning nuclear war operations later life work manhattan_project white_house service left white_house professor physical chemistry harvard asked teach class turned lecture style impressed sent inch index cards containing details lecture demonstrations aside cards prepared demonstrations later recalled didn think giving mother nature sporting chance come lecture hall chemicals pile cards announce students let today text book cards instructions carry experiment worked pass demonstration didn work curse spend rest lecture trying work retired harvard professor emeritus chaired national academy science committee science engineering public policy vice president received awards years including department air_force decoration exceptional civilian service awarded medal merit president medal freedom president national medal science president johnson recipient medal american chemical society franklin medal harvard later years active organization council world severed connections government protest involvement vietnam war assumed council campaigning nuclear died cancer cambridge massachusetts december body cremated ashes scattered near summer home cape massachusetts papers harvard_university archives


claire march american chemist women army corps officer noted secret work manhattan_project atomic bomb program development techniques chemistry metals early life career born march orange massachusetts earned bachelor science degree college high school science teacher athletics coach south falls massachusetts received master education degree boston university world war atomic bomb world war enlisted women army corps november springfield massachusetts headquarters spending time training military bases states received orders assigning company detachment manhattan district united_states_army corps engineers secret assignment lead group women stationed des iowa fort oklahoma santa new_mexico women command arrived los new_mexico october manhattan code special military division dedicated developing atomic weapon clandestine laboratory remote los desert site responsible analysis role project crucial task ensure purity sub critical material nuclear explosion world atomic bombs methods preparation material construction atomic bomb trinity nuclear test july analogous methods weapon code named little boy destroyed hiroshima japan august bomb destroyed nagasaki japan august leading japanese surrender secret program general direction robert described pencil paper man immersed physics theory little amazed los lab machinery recalled standing lab important expensive instrument punching buttons random asked punch button wrecked machine hadn finally persuaded leave contribution post war developments nuclear energy conclusion second world war new atomic age peacetime potential nuclear energy began explored scientists opposed johnson bill october congressional bill proposed interim committee maintained military control nuclear research bill defeated congress superseded mcmahon atomic energy act january newly formed atomic energy commission approved previously secret documents included discoveries related radiation course war effort time rarity importance achievements woman science acknowledged scientific research later career leaving army research chemist university_of_chicago self sustaining nuclear reaction achieved nobel james director chemistry division laboratory earlier phases manhattan_project joined university institute study metals renamed james institute conducted research achievements developed methods rare elements aspects broad scientific expertise found application field marine determined chemical composition brass cannons found sea sunken ships contributions nasa asked analyze chemistry moon rocks collected moon surface apollo missions retired institute subsequently active official american association retired persons died chicago reflections believed role development atomic bomb subsequent use atomic weapons japan justified order end second world war avoid greater loss life entailed land invasion extended conflict japan later life period strategic arms limitation talks stated supported nuclear arms control opponents nuclear weapons resist urge 1940s bomb building effort proper historical context pull activity time set 1980s pass judgement


french chemist spent life working spain succeed producing platinum born france died near home village age years early life born village department france uncle member order saint anthony encouraged study theology excelled studies speculation led teachers turn caused expelled school sympathetic state poverty director jesuit college offered position mathematics professor despite having basic understanding studying material day lessons taught geometry academic interest soon spread physics natural history chemistry age convinced join newly established real teach french physics brothers juan brothers later metallic hired count sent france find professors seminary platinum research brothers isolated metallic collaborated researching platinum long brothers appointed directors general mining soon left spain south_america king charles iii created public chair physics chemistry madrid provided laboratory research count secured government entire supply platinum laboratory able easily remove platinum natural including gold mercury lead copper iron leading believe working pure platinum metal displayed inconsistent characteristics times times highly entirely burned readily inconsistencies result elements later come known platinum group metals time research discovered frustrated research lost temper smashed equipment away smash business shall touch damned metal months later presented count cube pure platinum process involving powder intense heating kept secret platinum age death realized sheer difficulty working platinum lend value objects don carried lucrative business producing platinum marked beginning known platinum age spain nearly platinum produced span years platinum age ended laboratory destroyed napoleon second invasion returned france seeking rest near native village remained january died age years


young young june january american chemist world war worked manhattan_project laboratory war woman appointed division head national laboratory female chair chicago section american chemical society biography young born columbus ohio june sister interested chemistry high school separate boys girls chemistry classes course scheduling conflicts permitted challenging boys course sit class entered ohio_state university received bachelor science degree chemistry went earn doctor philosophy university_of_chicago writing thesis supervision graduating young industrial research chemist working industry van brothers chemical works chicago assistant professor chemistry texas state college women taught nutrition resigned offer michael hospital chicago arrived director found woman refused hire jobs hard find great depression consultant regular employment took position pure oil worked wagner book petroleum project went years interrupted outbreak world war book published united_states war young took job scientific librarian office scientific research development university_of_chicago laboratory compiling american british canadian reports chemical warfare preparing index toxic chemicals transferred manhattan_project laboratory chemist edited papers later published atomic energy commission national nuclear energy series later served editorial board national nuclear energy series representing national laboratory young joined newly created national laboratory director technical information woman appointed division head remain retired woman appointed chair chicago section american chemical society involved setting distinguished service award later received fellow american institute american association advancement science atomic scientists chicago charter member american nuclear society president national honor society women chemistry chicago_tribune named city distinguished women business national laboratory established young lecture series honor young married known laboratory died home park chicago january buried riverside cemetery columbus ohio survived sister young


april february american chemist involvement synthesis discovery investigation elements earned share nobel prize chemistry work area led development concept arrangement series periodic table elements spent career educator research scientist university california berkeley serving professor university second chancellor advised presidents harry bill_clinton nuclear policy chairman united_states atomic energy commission pushed commercial nuclear energy peaceful applications nuclear science career worked arms control report contributed limited test ban treaty nuclear non treaty comprehensive test ban treaty known advocate science education federal funding pure research end administration principal author report academic science member president ronald_reagan national commission excellence education key contributor report nation risk principal elements element living named honor discovered atomic credited important contributions chemistry originally manhattan_project developed extraction process fuel second atomic bomb early career pioneer nuclear medicine discovered elements important applications diagnosis treatment diseases notably treatment disease addition theoretical work development concept placed series beneath series periodic table existence super heavy elements series sharing nobel prize chemistry received approximately honorary numerous awards honors list things named ranges atomic element prolific author numerous books journal articles collaboration listed book world records person longest entry america early life born michigan april son olivia sister years younger family spoke swedish home boy family moved los_angeles county california settling subdivision called home gardens later annexed city south gate california time changed spelling kept daily journal suffered stroke youth devoted sports fan avid movie buff mother encouraged felt literary interests impractical interest science junior year inspired dwight logan chemistry physics teacher david jordan high school graduated jordan class received bachelor_of_arts degree chemistry university california los_angeles worked way school laboratory assistant took phd chemistry university california berkeley doctoral thesis interaction fast lead coined term nuclear member professional chemistry fraternity alpha graduate student 1930s performed wet chemistry research advisor gilbert newton lewis published papers theory bases studied text applied kaiser institute chemistry berlin major impact developing interests research scientist years conducted important research artificial lawrence berkeley excited learn nuclear possible research led discovery expert dealing noted berkeley physicist robert reputation answered junior man question stated question answered profound asked little practical help learned state questions quickly pioneering work nuclear chemistry remained university california berkeley post doctoral research followed frederick work investigating contributed discovery elements lawrence advanced john fred created new iron useful studies human blood collaborated years create important treat disease years later credited life mother result contributions regarded pioneer nuclear medicine prolific instructor chemistry berkeley promoted assistant professor professor university california berkeley physicist led team discovered element named november persuaded leave berkeley temporarily assist urgent research radar technology colleagues perfected reduction technique asked permission continue research search element agreed collaboration reported alpha decay fraction element observation hypothesis alpha particle accumulation contamination produces alpha decay particles analysis alpha decay particles ruled distinct alpha producing element formed element february collaborators produced bombardment experiments bombarding observed creation element underwent beta decay forming new element fairly stable undergoes alpha decay explained presence alpha particles coming march physicist berkeley chemist joseph kennedy able known element important distinction crucial decisions directing manhattan_project research room hall campus berkeley work declared national historic landmark addition credited lead shared nobel prize chemistry discoveries chemistry elements scientific contributions manhattan_project april reached chicago joined chemistry group laboratory manhattan_project university_of_chicago group later convert controlled nuclear chain reaction role figure extract tiny bit mass isolated visible amounts reaction august weighed september chicago laboratory responsible multi stage chemical process separated concentrated isolated process developed clinton engineering works oak ridge tennessee entered scale production engineer works washington theoretical development concept resulted periodic table elements current configuration series appearing series developed chemical elements chicago managed secure patents elements patent proved commercially viable element short half life commonly household smoke provided good source royalty income later years prior test nuclear weapon joined leading scientists written statement known report secret time published unsuccessfully calling president conduct public demonstration atomic bomb witnessed japanese professor chancellor university california berkeley conclusion world war manhattan_project eager return academic life university research free restrictions wartime secrecy added responsibilities professor heading nuclear chemistry research lawrence radiation laboratory operated university california behalf united_states atomic energy commission named outstanding young men america junior chamber commerce richard_nixon elected national academy sciences served associate director radiation laboratory appointed president serve member general advisory committee atomic energy commission assignment retained served chancellor university california berkeley term coincided mccarthy era restrictions students freedom expression begun predecessor clark october announced university relaxed prior political activity trial basis ban communists speaking campus lifted paved way free speech movement enthusiastic supporter sports teams san_francisco columnist fond pointing surname bears popular cheer berkeley proud fact bears won national collegiate athletic association ncaa basketball championship chancellor football team won conference title played rose bowl year served faculty athletic committee years author book roses ashes breakup rebirth pacific_coast athletics concerning pacific_coast conference recruiting scandal founding played role restoring confidence integrity collegiate sports served president science advisory committee administration produced report scientific progress universities federal government known report november urged greater federal funding science helped found berkeley space sciences laboratory clark chairman atomic energy commission appointment president john kennedy confirmation united_states senate chairman atomic energy commission pending appointment president elect kennedy nearly late members kennedy transition team learned listed news world report article member nixon idea men said lifetime democrat article appeared outgoing vice president richard_nixon republican considered casual acquaintance chairman participated negotiating team limited test ban treaty ussr agreed ban ground test nuclear weapons considered contributions achievement greatest accomplishments despite strict rules soviets photography signing ceremony tiny camera past soviet guards close photograph soviet premier signed treaty enjoyed close relationship president johnson influenced administration pursue nuclear non treaty called white_house week nixon administration january advise president richard_nixon diplomatic crisis involving soviets nuclear testing clashed nixon presidential adviser john treatment jewish scientist nixon administration suspected leaking nuclear secrets israel published books journal articles tenure atomic energy commission predicted existence elements periodic table series series synthetic elements theoretical future elements extremely short half lives expected practical applications existence stable super heavy certain elements island stability served chairman atomic energy commission return california following service chairman atomic energy commission returned berkeley awarded position university professor time fewer university professors berkeley nobel prize winners served chairman lawrence hall science principal investigator great math science gems working director barber served university california berkeley served president american association advancement science president american chemical society thousand gold lawrence berkeley laboratory experimental technique nuclear physics able remove technique far expensive enable routine manufacturing gold work close mythical philosopher stone president ronald_reagan appointed serve national commission excellence education commission produced report nation risk educational reform focused national attention education national issue federal government margaret wrote nation risk delivered wake education system described stark realities like significant number high student performance international competitors breathing warning arms lived later life california devoted editing publishing journals documented early life later career rallied group scientists criticized science curriculum state california viewed far socially oriented nearly focused hard science california governor pete wilson appointed head committee proposed changes california science curriculum despite labor organizations personal life married helen secretary physicist lawrence wartime pressure moved chicago engaged returned accompany journey chicago friends expected marry chicago eager married got train town nevada thought quick wedding asked city hall found travel miles north county seat car easy feat newest deputy turned recent graduate berkeley chemistry department happy favor deputy sheriff arranged wedding couple ride mail truck witnesses wedding clerk helen children peter died david steve avid chairman atomic energy commission commenced taking daily trail headquarters site maryland frequently invited colleagues visitors accompany trail known trail wife helen credited mile trail east bay area near home california trail american hiking association cross country network trails wife walked trail network county way california nevada border elected foreign member royal swedish academy sciences foreign member royal society london honored swedish american year order america organization named local lodge honor honors ceremony appeared lodge maintains scholarship fund unrelated swedish american club los_angeles kept close bond swedish origin visited sweden family members swedish society family association open descendant family swedish family german origin descended mother august boston attend meeting american chemical society suffered stroke led death months later february home honors awards lifetime said author author numerous books scientific journal articles brief reports fast breaking discoveries nuclear science subjects notably concept represented major theoretical contributions history science held patents patents issued chemical elements received honorary degrees lifetime time listed book world records having longest entry america february posthumously inducted national hall_of_fame papers library congress american chemical society chicago section honored award element named albert kenneth credited named alive proved controversial influenced naming elements announcement noted discover magazine review year science receive letter addressed chemical elements lawrence berkeley laboratory worked element officially named living person proposed element


van den van den dutch pronunciation born march dutch american chemical engineer specializing crystal growth flew space shuttle challenger mission specialist dutch born astronaut fact ignored netherlands american longer dutch citizen time flight married children resides florida works chief scientist technology corporation education early career van den born march netherlands van den educated netherlands attended university technology earned engineer degree chemical engineering moved united_states continue studying university delaware obtained degree applied science followed phd degree applied science completed doctoral study offered job corporation energy measurements california work crystal growth defense contractor united_states government dealt sensitive information science required van den citizen van den gathered years research management experience preparation materials particular growth single crystals chemical compounds investigation associated defect chemistry electronic properties international authority growth techniques emphasis crystals application nuclear industry gamma ray work van den asked nasa permission conduct crystal growth experiments space nasa approved selection van den colleagues designed crystal growth system experiment apparatus space shuttle flight experiment required flight operator nasa decided easier train crystal growth scientist astronaut way nasa asked van den list people qualify perform science experiments space specialist van den chief come seven names subsequently proposed adding van den list van den age huge glasses little strength probably dropped selection round names van den agreed added list didn consider selected realistic scenario selection round consisted selection based science qualifications field question van den easily passed final candidates tested physical mental qualifications passed failed possible heart issues final nasa trains prime started train astronaut months launch told prime astronaut surprise went space years old making oldest rookie van den assigned specialist challenger april mission launched kennedy space center florida returned land edwards air_force base california operational mission seven man crew aboard challenger conducted investigations crystal growth drop dynamics leading material processing atmospheric trace gas solar atmospheric simulation cosmic rays laboratory animal human medical monitoring investigator crystal growth system experiment van den responsible crystal growth aspects experiment intimate knowledge fluid experiment system hardware participated major design science reviews systems end mission van den traveled million miles earth logged hours space career nasa returning earth van den continued work crystal growth experiments california head section materials science later time moved florida chief scientist technology corporation age continued work hours week grow crystals process compares crystals grows crystals precision nuclear radiation medical applications defense industry international atomic energy agency visits netherlands years subject short documentary called forgotten astronaut september main belt named known discovered october van van observatory studying photographic plates taken tom observatory samuel academic publications incomplete radiation van den ron nuclear instruments methods physics research section associated equipment volume issues february pages improved yield high resolution gamma ray van den nuclear instruments methods physics research section associated equipment volume issues december pages growth periodic source crystal temperature van den journal crystal growth volume issue april pages


london country north east london country north east bus operator south east england london formed split london country bus services operated fleet buses headquarters located company subsidiary national bus company sold group april later year split county bus coach sovereign bus coach formation early history run london country bus services broken smaller companies september buses isolated base formed new london country north east company early difficulties staff conditions wages company attempting complex contracts arranged led strike action staff february performance levels contracted routes expected local councils awarded contracts london regional transport following strike company london contracts routes terminated awarded april london country north east sold national bus company buyer group formed management west yorkshire road car company sale property bought holdings leased company sold redevelopment remainder later sold holdings later went business having changed pavilion leisure month later banned registering new services months traffic commissioner failing operate service accordance following poor financial results decided split company division months existence london country north east lost million turnover million operating created help improve situation control single holding company initially called london country travel group later renamed south england travel group chief executive bob previously west yorkshire road car company traffic manager company cambridge based premier travel services added group sold continued owned sold new owners county bus coach county bus coach took london country north east ownership managed graham previously london country bus services chief engineer company enjoyed expansion small independent coaches garage bought february result garage vacated sold redevelopment owners holdings green depots local routes east midland owned operation acquired july county bus coach fleet policy use mercedes routes including shopping centre opened london contracted routes run evidence passengers like vehicles use thought reduced patronage area group wound company director bob bought county bus coach new holding company travel group county bus coach new local identities garage valley small operator coaches upper acquired months merged county bus coach company collapse london forest gaining routes services golden boy taken september deal involved vehicles garage july travel purchased vehicle independent tours based near changes included opening new garage replace previous building totally new garage replaced operators taken coach operators airport coaches airport bishops october county bus coach sold west travel acquired london buses subsidiary november county bus coach tenth operator introduce low floor vehicles service dennis lance wright introduced route west travel taken national express new owners decided london companies sold london united september year later county bus coach sold rapidly expanding group taking british bus august owned london country bus services company november group county bus coach garage transferred company southern counties operation rest county bus coach routes vehicles east essex later combined district london country north west operations form essex form county bus coach continues trade sovereign bus coach sovereign bus coach took london country north east depots split quickly joined operations depot jubilee coaches independent previously taken contracted routes found bid low routes longer operations garage closed new site established garden city operator competitor line taken january retained separate subsidiary years sovereign operation sold district successors london country north west owning group wound directors formed group purchased sovereign bus coach group operations time sovereign operated vehicles expansion followed october new sovereign buses formed operate number london regional transport contracts won company august company position london strengthened acquisition vehicle travel services brought route run sovereign operation renamed sovereign london merged operation company fleet operations remained largely static november sold sovereign london sovereign contracted sale operation sold depot march sovereign fleet amounted vehicles depot closed smaller garage town acquired essex taking old site finally january remainder sovereign sold essex having previously acquired successors london country north west london country south west london country south east companies county bus coach owned london country bus services apart operation

Road transportation: Buses, vans, and paratransit


witch way witch way branding long standing english bus route runs nelson manchester service currently operated route operated continuously previously operated motor services north west buses briefly competed route history served places longer present route including bury centre extended route spring service witch way coincide introduction new vehicles previously branded route known buses carrying dedicated history route introduced manchester motor services replacing route manchester early 1950s extended start route rerouted use new motorway bypassing bury journeys continued serve traditional route route number motor services management april sold response competition route buses coaching subsidiary compete route manchester competition ended following withdrawal route went acquire southern half buses february short time late 1990s route operated ceased route extended south manchester centre change saw northern end route rerouted avoid prompting criticism local residents operations area sold group april june journey direction extended summer sundays proved relatively successful single deck coach initially replaced double continued operate withdrawn end september route increased years august prompting passengers abandon route favour car sharing scheme despite route saw average yearly growth august route upgraded new vehicles witch way service frequency increased minutes saturday frequency minutes sunday frequency bus hour extension centre withdrawn section route nelson abandoned prompting criticism local parallel mainline routes increased frequency partially replace journeys sold january months new vehicles introduced passenger numbers remaining section route increased total passenger numbers route bus award october going win outdoor bus marketing campaign year award october witch way services underwent increase journeys manchester running minutes monday saturday daytime reduction journeys nelson manchester running minutes monday saturday daytime route differed regular route additionally serving withdrawn service partly replaced route ran manchester greater manchester route extended november buses replaced received new black white grey buses currently serve 1st route changes faster buses introduced peak time manchester buses hour continue nelson longer served peak buses number dropped favour buses start manchester route description route currently runs nelson manchester serving intermediate communities service use routes connect notable educational establishments community technology school college nelson college point interest route singing ringing tree near sundays journeys continuing service return journeys normal sunday service manchester continues 1st journeys operated start end manchester vehicles marketing route initially served mixture double deck single deck tigers early 1960s replaced new coaches route preferred choice small number branded route tagline regular motorway service route converted double deck operation new painted unique white blue branding tiger coaches yellow red arrived year later route branding replaced corporate image white red orange blue stripes following takeover motor services new dennis coaches introduced route response competition route marketed vehicles carrying alongside corporate route briefly operated articulated coaches proved short lived owing restrictions use services returning operation transferred away route shortly prior sale operation service briefly operated year old july fleet new included improved interiors cameras introduced route august route launched new wright eclipse bodied unusual features including leather seats new service took branding witch way buses named 17th century advertised slogan business class standard older displaced lancashire united routes 1st november new vehicles introduced route form wright bodied buses carry new silver features new witch design additionally free featured allow passengers remain connected journey variants alternative routes similar route operated past route diverted away bury journeys continued serve town numbered operated motor services mixture coaches buses route extension transferred route route withdrawn fall passenger numbers coincided main route route took different route water upper valley early 1960s journeys hourly started ended 1970s frequency declined southbound morning northbound evening peak working survived renumbered withdrawn variation route operating valley introduced taking number operated route branded coaches cancelled year low patronage early route journeys extended manchester centre renumbered distinguish short workings pattern continued august extension withdrawn recent variation route ran october ran motorway allowed travel manchester service running journeys day saturdays service partly replaced route operated weekday journeys manchester weekday journeys manchester leaving weekend service manchester route withdrawn accidents november bus travelling route manchester involved crash car travelling opposite direction passengers car driver suffered minor injuries september driver motorway fell unconscious vehicle moving king year old passenger able control bus prevent accident won awards action including award outstanding bravery pride britain awards life award royal humane society chief constable


boys red accident boys red accident january collision outside city new_brunswick canada semi trailer truck van carrying basketball team high school accident killed seven students wife coach injured occupants van deadliest transportation accident new_brunswick logging truck tipped village killing accident followed national day mourning canada ban ford club wagon type vehicles student transport new_brunswick investigations royal canadian mounted police transport canada found cause disaster combination poor road conditions lack proper snow tires possible driver error pressure public victims families prompted chief province launch inquiry produced recommendations improve student transport safety new_brunswick provincial government agreed majority suggestions enacted accident accident occurred new_brunswick route shortly midnight january team coach driving high school basketball team northward game high school purple knights ford club wagon light freezing rain low visibility created poor slippery driving conditions van approached city limits coach lost control southbound semi trailer truck truck collided van vehicles came rest shoulder southbound lane highway approximately metres point impact police officer discovered wreck initially suspected semi gone road investigation found van called emergency services arrival delayed freezing rain rear wall large portion right hand van including rows seats torn away occupants seven players wife team coach pronounced dead scene coach daughter players survived accident rushed regional hospital injured listed critical condition stable fourth released shortly accident driver truck injured reaction accident met grief new_brunswick canada john school district superintendent stated community state shock mourning noted coach held appropriate license drive vehicle laws regulations province regulated team transportation event poor weather added hard gauge weather time decision happened night comment don information general people great care making decisions based information time premier graham said want extend sympathies affected families tragic situation community province prime minister canada stephen harper said incident shocked nation called day mourning bishop read message behalf pope stating pope expresses sentiments deep sympathy spiritual members families staff students touched tragedy pope assures concerned prayers died families january sports related activities new_brunswick cancelled services held country schools asked students wear red black colours high school funeral seven deceased players held regional centre filled people additional filled adjacent watch service television elizabeth lord private funeral followed day investigation royal canadian mounted police transport canada conducted investigations accident released report july report stated van passed safety inspection time accident body worn season tires faulty brakes factors identified sole cause accident report noted certainly contributed report added speed factor crash van travelling kilometres hour mph truck approximately kilometres hour mph time impact posted limit kilometres hour mph van inspected october months prior collision months away inspection report resulted public questioning new_brunswick motor vehicle inspection program transport canada released report july blamed weather conditions focused driver fatigue driver error cited provincial law operation commercial vehicles coach duty sixteen hours collision happened law drive working fourteen consecutive hours report identified inadequate pre trip log book keeping lack plan event poor weather transport canada stated added emphasis factors report consistent concurred vehicle failed inspection pre collision state worn tires brakes dead wearing seat belts seventh properly restrained collision analyst principal transport canada investigator later suggested seat belts likely saved victims lives credits fact son wearing survival saying thrown floor collision died aftermath following accident new_brunswick immediately halted use passenger began thorough review transportation policy provinces later time tragedy nova_scotia ban passenger following accident high school speculated senior varsity basketball team able continue crash team members remained including students illness despite basketball team defeated win provincial championship year later recommendations august government working group presented new_brunswick education minister kelly recommendations transportation recommendations included guidelines transporting students school related activities strengthened school bus transporting students vehicles equipped snow tires travelling october april district superintendent charged responsibility ensuring safe transportation students activities initially suggested schools voluntarily follow recommendations later policy major effect recommendations november mandatory vehicle operators intend use vehicles transport students activities covered party liability accident benefit policy policies million vehicles capacity fewer passengers million vehicles capacity applies parents driving children school related activities changes met critical reception province students required pay higher sports fees cover higher transportation costs schools access approved vehicles education act prohibits schools school districts owning vehicles use corporate entities operate vehicles activities require money buy new vehicles required insurance requires schools conduct extra fundraising responsibility november ruled laying criminal charges relation accident stated finding reviewed crown prosecutor wrongdoing found families deceased expressed disapproval decision indicated bring lawsuit involved parties publicly stated accepted decision chief province stated provincial possible time come decision matter decision month families accused department public safety dragging feet families stated wanted van angels law require driver taking students outside community possess class driver license wanted weather law prevent students travelling outside communities severe weather mothers deceased went far launch website dedicated memory sons contains blog related accident included petition hold december province acting chief called inquiry accident stating gives opportunity pull facts comprehensive manner look issues entirety jury recommendations prevention decision met approval victims families began lasted included testimony survivors experts provincial officials blame directly accident jury returned recommendations kelly stated province intended implement vast majority recommendations initiated atlantic limited lawsuit december atlantic limited filed joint claim coach van inc lawsuit complained behalf defendants responsible crash atlantic argue owed damages additional cover clean costs extensive press coverage public backlash atlantic attempted defend action stating action normal insurance procedures follow accident nature public outrage spread january dropped suit reasons enormous public backlash numerous persons calling boycott chain memorial memorial victims unveiled june high school basketball net placed courtyard school memorial funded money donations temporary memorial crash site consisting basketball nets flowers erected nets featuring pictures players remained january permanent boys red memorial victims van crash erected lot king avenue city downtown area near high school memorial erected small walking park near school consists vertical columns red site memorial space past small stones plaques placed john park small trees erected memorial high students class died automobile accidents months graduation note accident derived high school colors red black


scottish scottish ltd bus operating subsidiary scottish transport group based scotland formed march parts walter alexander sons midland ltd central initially depots varied fleet vehicles company expanded operations glasgow prior bus new services introduced competition buses double operated suffered vehicle maintenance problems occasions forced hire vehicles companies ensure operation routes lost money depot closed routes withdrawn july merged central scottish form central buses company sold employees taken buses glasgow operation operating head office depots old scottish operating area bounded west east north river clyde south largest operator north east glasgow responsible urban rural services operating area previously served central walter alexander sons midland history created scottish bus group limited company wholly owned group march preparation bus following year began operation months later largest new companies created initial fleet vehicles sourced alexander midland fleet early maintenance problems saw number vehicles banned use vehicle ministry transport company forced hire vehicles companies services running remained fleet weeks regular vehicles repaired similar issues resurfaced february vehicles hired weeks took place october received permission introduce new routes august number new services started competition buses running glasgow responded extending services reported loss million leading closure depot competing routes introduced withdrawn july vehicles taken service years later neighbouring central severely affected strike companies drivers caused dismissal shop july announced effort scottish attractive approach merged central scottish form central buses ltd merger scottish ceased trading stand subsidiary subsequent history following scottish bus group central sold employees taken buses bought years later central renamed glasgow red adopted operations glasgow branding promotions company initially adopted simple tone blue logo incorporating flag scotland words scottish striking consisting lighter shades blue yellow applied introduced september revised early yellow light blue dark blue diagonal stripe result increased competition following decided introduce additional vehicles establish local identities april onwards bus appeared vehicles operating october bus introduced based vehicles buses vehicles stationed town new scheme glasgow gold card introduced offering weekly travel routes city bus painted gold advertise ticket remained withdrawal central fleet fleet acquired formation mixed vehicles initially double deck types vehicles operated largest constituent leopard single new buses tigers ordered central scottish prior creation fleet buses purchased london transport launch new services competition buses previously employed introduced services meant vehicles spend long loading bus stops person operated buses able offer quicker journeys glasgow proved popular passengers staff continued operate 1990s successor company central operators type regular service scotland original fleet include large number mercedes vehicles introduced september high frequency route central northern glasgow prove profitable converted size operation year later transferred unusual vehicle fleet bought scottish bus group delivered new rare lion double ordered owing large cut peak vehicle requirement enter service company instead sent scottish


lines lines inc usually shortened bus common carrier serving destinations north_america company route began minnesota company adopted corporation october subsidiary scottish transportation company continues based dallas texas headquartered sister companies america largest operators united_states canada history early years born sweden moved united_states working drill operator alice minnesota laid year salesman minnesota proved unable sell car remaining vehicle passenger car began bus service andy bus andy anderson transporting iron ore miners alice known cents ride joined forces running similar service minnesota new organization transportation company profit year end world war owned buses making annual profit joined forces owner superior white bus lines years later purchased west_coast operations pioneer system operator nation bus lines creating national bus company origins inaugural run route superior wisconsin wisconsin passing small town stone route operator saw reflection 1920s era bus store window reflection reminded dog adopted segment blue lines popular later applied entire bus network stone later general sales manager yellow truck coach division general motors built buses president company continued expand buses making trips california new_york gross annual income million acquired additional interests transportation company gray line colonial motor coach company form eastern lines acquired interest transportation company renamed lines bus lines consolidated called motor transit company recognizing company needed memorable partners motor transit company decided marketing phrase earlier bus lines business suffered great depression million debt 1930s progressed economy improved corporation began bus lines largest carried approximately passengers nearly passengers class railroads hit film happened night movie win big academy_awards centered traveling bus movie credited company bus travel nationwide national bus climbed passengers surpassing volume passengers carried class railroads time able announce record profits million largest bus carrier united_states began taking delivery new buses accommodate rapid growth bus travel built new stations period late art style known embarked program brand identity acquiring buses style outbreak world war company stations nearly employees expansion retired president corporation replaced long time partner died age world war building interstate highway system beginning automobile ownership travel preferred mode travel united_states combined increasing air travel spelled trouble bus carriers interstate commerce commission ruled case keys coach interstate bus operations segregated race case virginia supreme_court found african american convicted whites terminal area civil rights activists organized freedom rides proof mob attacked pair buses traveling washington new_orleans louisiana bus tires miles outside alabama mob forced bus stop broke windows mob held bus doors shut intending burn riders death sources disagree exploding fuel tank undercover state investigator revolver caused mob retreat riders escaped bus mob beat warning shots fired air highway prevented title title iii civil rights act federally regulated carriers include non discrimination hotels restaurants public accommodations state local government buildings later 1960s leadership saw trend declining began significant changes including profitable bus operations invest industries 1970s moved headquarters phoenix arizona large company holdings armour meat packing company turn owned popular soap brand acquired traveller express money orders bus manufacturing company entered time great change beginning hire african american female drivers late introduced special unlimited mileage pass initially marketed offering days equal today words transportation time dollar day decades popular choice tourists budget wanted cities towns america time raised price pass shortened validity period discovery pass finally acquired premier cruise line premier operated official cruise line disney world onboard disney characters consolidation strikes drivers strike operated fleet buses carried percent united_states bus travel market starting november suffered major bitter drivers strike fatality ohio company bus ran worker picket line new contract ratified december drivers returned work day spin merger bankruptcy time contract negotiations amalgamated transit union end bus line process sold dallas based investors early lines returned stand bus transportation company ceo fred executive rival continental corporate headquarters relocated dallas texas february lines new ownership agreed new year contract june lines acquired inc continental largest member rival national bus system effectively consolidating national bus service required action approving merger maintain coordinated schedules scheduled service operators lines parent continued called confusing passengers investors alike retained premier cruise lines brand non bus leisure services inc operator airport cruise ship duty free shops exhibits march parent changed continued questions bus passengers ultimately changed corporation march eliminate association bus travel drivers strike early drivers contract expired end year term march began strike drivers strike similar bitterness strike violence replacement workers california killed bus driven shot fired bus strike drivers fleet buses cancelled routes time having contend rise low cost like southwest reduced market long distance inter city bus transportation financial strength provided past parent company strike lower revenues higher costs security labor law penalties caused file bankruptcy june strike settled months terms favorable national labor relations board awarded damages unfair labor practices liability discharged bankruptcy reorganization early 1990s bankruptcy cases end company million assets million bankruptcy company ultimately address claims million pay striking drivers million pre bankruptcy debts owed investor group led fred according company emergence bankruptcy august overall workforce employees pre bankruptcy trimmed fleet buses drivers august canceled bus terminal license agreements carriers imposed requirement sole seller tenant bus tickets mile radius terminal united_states department justice division brought suit stop practice alleging illegal restraint trade bad consumers reduced competition february united_states won case agreed permit tenants sell tickets nearby permit tenants honor tickets competitors total revenues million bankruptcy late 1990s lines acquired members national bus system company purchased followed operations southeastern following acquisitions remaining members system began discontinued scheduled route services charters tours went business altogether september ontario based transportation announced buy canada transportation canadian operations million october announced acquire operations lines inc including million acquisition completed march wholly owned heavy losses investments lines parts business filed protection canadian bankruptcy laws june years illinois based international listed common shares new_york stock exchange february emerged organization june successor inc bankruptcy filing dropped low demand rural stops started concentrating dense inter metropolitan routes cut nearly percent network rural areas local operators took old stops government subsidies particularly plains states parts upper midwest wisconsin pacific_northwest starting faced significant competition northeast bus lines buses operated competitors like lucky star bus competing fiercely new_york_city boston philadelphia washington operating inter city routes buses offered prices buses took market share northeast united_states ownership present february scottish transport group purchased international billion deal closed september acquisition completed october interest primarily school transit bus operations decided retain operations exported brand united_kingdom today buses serve destinations north_america traveling billion miles billion north_america roads new immediately acquiring carrier sought improve image create called new expanding fleet new buses old buses customer service staff started new advertising campaign butler shine stern partners aimed attracting year olds new new saw introduction logo new navy blue dark gray buses rolled nationwide fleet years older buses refurbished receiving wireless internet access power outlets new leather seating increased addressing ownership come criticism ticket sale practices specifically tickets departure dates times printed stop sales seats purchased departure periods high demand added additional sections buses threshold required trigger additional section varied leaving passengers wait bus departure shortly sale closed began program select markets riders reserve seat additional limited number seats reserved fee paid terminal counter ticket bought advance online problem addressed rolled new yield management computer system new system able closely manage number tickets sold departure adjust based sales buses sharply reduced new system explicitly guarantee seat ticket express routes services launched major change launch brand premium bus routes called express came time competitor launched fourth philadelphia washington began emphasize express services express routes fewer stops major cities compared regular routes use newer model refurbished buses guaranteed seating tickets start expansions network upgrades services early 2010s partly competitive response ceo david claimed profit million revenues million attributed company success mix changing urban populations attractive driving options competition carriers july company announced open mexico begin services cities onward schedules existing texas claimed american bus company operate mexican route september announced expanded service missouri kansas shortly announced ending service cities college campuses services operates routes serving destinations america scheduled services compete private automobile low cost amtrak coach companies express express low cost express city city service makes stops fewer stops compared traditional route start seating guaranteed buses express designed directly compete low cost carriers like bus lines service began september routes new_york major cities northeastern united_states rapidly expanded serve destinations southern southwestern united_states currently express network expanded serve city pairs nearly markets expansion planned express routes assigned new refurbished buses equipped power outlets leather seats extra stations express customers advantage dedicated waiting areas separate passengers traveling services carriers stations board passengers express buses numbers printed tickets number assigned order ticket purchased means passengers bought tickets earlier board bus choose seats earlier connect connect connector service operates shorter routes passengers stops smaller rural cities stations larger urban cities buses existing fleet smaller mid sized buses equipped currently connect service offered alabama arkansas colorado maryland missouri montana north_carolina utah routes operated funds federal formula grant program rural areas federal transit administration charter services charter services arranges charter buses customers fleet unlike smaller charter operators able operate nationwide offer way services network routes addition providing transportation individual groups schools event operators charter services approved military government charter bus package express addition carrying passengers buses carry packages package express customers book cargo shipping door door station station company says shipping bus offers cost effective alternative ground air carriers day delivery special routes lucky streak lucky streak brand routes cities nearby cities sold open ended round trips passengers allowed return origin time atlantic city routes offer special bonuses gambling credit room dining lucky streak passengers currently lucky streak routes atlantic city baltimore brooklyn new_york_city philadelphia washington connecticut sun casino boston new haven new_york_city providence las_vegas anaheim hollywood long beach los_angeles phoenix riverside san san_diego santa brand commuter bus service runs frequently peak weekday hours addition way round trip tickets offers monthly trip passes passes tickets flexible passengers board bus available seating currently route laurel new_jersey new_york_city routes operated sacramento california san_francisco bay area georgia atlanta brands partnerships brand non stop limited stop premium level bus routes start low lowest depending far advance trip booked demand trip increasing trips booked closer departure uses newer model coaches equipped power outlets leather seats extra buses started running boston new_york_city washington march northeastern operated partnership peter pan bus lines expanded west_coast route pacific_northwest vancouver seattle portland service expanded october route largest metropolitan areas california los_angeles san_francisco bay area san oakland stop city san_francisco added december new route los_angeles las_vegas west_coast routes owned operated directly regional partner amtrak largest operators amtrak service companies competitors markets amtrak issues rail passengers ticket regularly scheduled route connects train buses making stop train station routes allow amtrak serve passengers areas rail service offer passengers areas rail service wider selection destinations security september terrorist attacks government scrutiny train airplane passengers substantially increased bus passengers largely free baggage seldom inspected cash customers require identification says security deployed buses appear routinely february partnership deployed video cameras entire fleet increase safety driver compliance combining data video real time driver feedback coaching major stations passengers subject open bag checks ticket checks pat downs metal fleet operates produced mainly motor coach industries effort improve image company aggressively purchased new coaches existing ones majority fleet navy blue grey exterior wireless internet access leather seating power outlets seats coaches fewer row seats industry standard giving passengers additional buses purchased point seat belts installed majority fleet consists following models stations stops list covers stations adjacent larger transportation centers serves destinations america operated stations major cities passengers catch bus buy tickets stations branding staffed company representatives stations stand larger transportation centers ticket counter waiting area small mid size cities buses stop locations operated agent like convenience store business stop agent operated locations staff sell tickets buses stop stations belonging partner bus companies locations representatives able sell tickets routes notable incidents accidents list major incidents accidents buses buses united_states august deadly collision buses collided head route near texas fuel tanks buses flames persons aboard coaches killed including drivers near station tennessee bristol scheduled trip memphis new_york_city collided head tractor trailer truck driver bus begun pass car fourteen people including bus truck drivers died national transportation safety board determined cause crash driver overtaking maneuver failure avoid truck cargo ship collided sunshine bridge near florida causing roadway collapse causing vehicles including bus fall tampa bay people aboard bus died december bus left salt_lake_city chicago entrenched driving short wyoming border bus hit semi tractor trailer crossed median heading opposite direction force collision tipped bus right steered steep embankment bus slid feet came rest fence feet eastbound lanes passengers killed injured june bus scheduled trip new_york_city pittsburgh ran road near burnt pennsylvania hit truck parked emergency parking area passengers driver died national transportation safety board determined probable cause accident driver use driver fatigue irregular work rest schedule october approximately local time passenger assaulted driver bus attempting throat causing bus crash near manchester tennessee killing passengers injuring incident occurred weeks september terrorist attacks temporarily suspended schedules soon company learned incident fear larger attack investigation company fbi confirmed acted service resumed later afternoon incident bus stations increased security nearly level airports train stations september assaulted driver near california resulting passenger deaths bus rolled embankment crashed following attack aisle gate driver shield installed buses prevent passengers having direct contact driver bus motion aisle gate forced open january morris reportedly everybody going die driver grabbed steering wheel bus traveling interstate near arizona miles west phoenix passengers injured including nearby hospitals police credited driver keeping bus upright preventing crossing oncoming traffic january overnight bus carrying passengers departed los_angeles previous night crashed highway san california killing investigators ruled mechanical failure leaving driver fatigue likely cause popular culture films film happened night shows main character bus florida new_york_city film breakfast shows main character seeing husband new_york_city film midnight cowboy shows main character holding friend new_york_city florida bus film harry shows main character played art traveling cross country cat aboard bus film sleeping enemy sees main character escape cape massachusetts cedar falls iowa bus songs barry song broadway remade famously later george mentions catch bus home rides bus norfolk virginia birmingham alabama song promised land country singer roy clark sang romantic breakup song thank god brothers band referenced lines song man simon referred lines song america song devil blues blues singer guitarist robert johnson expresses wish body buried road old evil spirit catch bus ride country star evans song bus describes pregnant woman escapes confines small town gives birth bus indie rock band hang ups album song called bus revival mention song billy new_york state mind album released refers taking hudson_river line american rock band mountain goats references narrator headed america right album kenny song pirate flag describes singer escape small mountain town taking bus implied key west florida hit leaving town mentions drag wait world playground los_angeles based rapper advertising slogan hit single wish cause don want simple easy death cab song soul meets body contains lyric cause head station stage productions stage musical violet like short story based follows title character bus trip spruce pine north_carolina oklahoma


swift bus rapid transit swift bus rapid transit bus rapid transit system operated community transit county washington seattle metropolitan area swift single mile long line runs state route corridor serving cities shoreline stations organized roughly pairs line terminates station north connecting sound transit commuter rail express bus services aurora village transit center shoreline south connecting king county metro line swift highest community transit route carrying million total passengers service highest frequency community transit routes running minute minute early late nights weekends swift original stations opened november cost million stations opened southbound station serving community college opened second line boeing factory mill creek state route development expected open long range plans adopted community transit include swift trunk lines replacing popular corridors feeding future link light rail stations transit center station route swift designated internally community transit route begins bays south end station buses travel north smith avenue passing station building parking lots turn west pacific avenue downtown line continues west pacific stopping station split avenues near county government campus turning south avenue station pair split 40th 41st streets serves clinic memorial stadium complex northern terminus trail buses travel south general purpose lanes way passing state route north casino road station road continues southwest state route unincorporated community lake swift stops airport road station future transfer station proposed swift line boeing factory mill creek lincoln way station north interchange state route line enters city moves business access transit bat lanes street station queue jump signal northbound buses installed swift continues south state route serving crossroads area streets community college southbound stop street continues stop swedish medical center line crosses state route enters city shoreline king county turns east north street reaches southern terminus aurora village transit center bay stations swift serves stations grouped pairs mile long route spaced approximately mile apart swift stations consist foot long foot wide covered shelter foot long inch high platform allows level boarding buses platform shelter include beacon lit night graffiti resistant weather barriers ticket machines card readers bus arrival sign buses stop stations allowed time seconds use curb guide closer platform transfers swift bus routes possible station served shadow service running state route way corridor swift stations frequently spaced stops community transit route runs aurora village transit center city limits airport road station transit routes run swift corridor intersecting routes connect swift sound transit express service interstate routes street near crossroads stations travel east transit center routes street travel ash way park ride swift termini connect regional services run south seattle station commuter rail sound transit express bus routes seattle aurora village transit center terminus line bus rapid transit route aurora avenue runs shoreline downtown seattle list stations notes service swift runs minutes highest level service buses hour direction weekday service begins minutes ends frequency evening saturdays buses run minutes sunday service suspended runs minutes swift initially ran minute evening service end midnight major system wide service reduction february reduced weekday current minutes swift carried total riders making popular route operated community transit accounting agency total enforcement swift equivalent community transit local service divided groups adult youth reduced adult fare charged passengers ages youth fare charged passengers ages reduced fare charged passengers age disabilities card holders time swift launch adult set increased present adults effective july swift uses board payment stations possible placement card readers ticket machines shelter ticket machines accept bills giving change credit cards printing paper ticket system uses proof payment verify enforced swift ambassadors conduct random checks issue citation riders fail pay fleet swift uses fleet specially branded new articulated hybrid buses measuring feet long carrying seated passengers standing passengers buses ordered option purchasing additional coaches doors plug doors allow door boarding stations door wheelchair ramp located closest wheelchair bays secured passive restraint system doesn require assistance driver directed rear door coach interior bike racks located coaches overnight storage space creek bus base mock station driver training unveiled history services swift bus rapid transit service state route corridor preceded decades transit services traveling southwestern county ranged railway local buses seattle railway ran service pacific highway later route state route ran minute day automatic stops seattle railway dismantled later right way overhead power lines converted rail trail 1990s 2000s named trail community transit founded public transit agency county introduced local service aurora village state route route route later renumbered route later upgraded minute 1990s split routes community transit route ran peak hours length corridor aurora village route ran southern portion route south day service required transfer transit complete trips downtown bat lanes studies planning limited stop bus service later evolved bus rapid transit began 1990s proposals build bus lanes state route street shoreline casino road near state route sound transit established regional transit authority selected state route corridor route express bus system later replaced service began express route interstate leaving community transit sound transit funded construction business access transit lanes state route street street converting parking lanes widening highway areas improving existing bus service laying ground future bus rapid transit line community transit strategic planning group published recommendation calling bus rapid transit service state route corridor station aurora village transit center featuring board fare collection limited stops transit signal priority route alternatives proposed included express service aurora village downtown seattle aurora avenue north interstate express service interstate partnership share costs transit way segment viable december board directors approved accelerated planning schedule bus rapid transit project cost estimated million begin service system sound region planning design construction community transit unveiled detailed plans bus rapid transit system including swift logo july line located state route aurora village begin operating minute limited stops agency envisioned real time arrival signs stations transit signal priority improvements existing bus service following year purchased fleet hybrid diesel electric buses new cost vehicle paid state federal subsidies community transit signed agreement december transit allowed swift operate city limits sales tax revenue funding stations transit signal priority exchange transit allowed expand services neighboring unincorporated areas service groundbreaking ceremony swift station located airport road south held december attended community transit ceo eleanor senator murray stations constructed phases consisting utility relocation pouring concrete shelter pad second installation shelters amenities beginning june station completed training facility creek bus base opened media event september station line completed street project cost total million equivalent million million paid grants federal transit administration washington state department transportation partnership transit grants paid majority cost operate swift years service estimated million annually allowing maintain minute rest community transit service reduced launch additional stations swift launched november ribbon cutting ceremony crossroads station day free rides midnight following day marked beginning regular service runs departing termini new service attracted riders end end trips taking minutes compared local buses corridor swift debuted bus rapid transit line state washington ahead king county opening year later longest lines country opened existing local service state route reduced november accommodate introduction swift community transit eliminated route peak service corridor reduced weekday route minutes minutes transit reduced weekday route running airport road station community college minutes minutes successful launch swift saw grow daily months service earned community transit vision award sound regional council agency received bronze summit creative awards launch swift videos riding swift published youtube stations located added swift december january split pair madison street drive filling nearly mile long gap casino road 50th street pair street stations paid million regional mobility grants washington state department transportation transit awarded final swift station college station street opened february southbound station matching northbound serves community college originally proposed rest stations delayed waiting city extend street build traffic signal intersection state route later developments swift stations given number small improvements line opened curb installed june help guide buses closer raised platform reduce gap door queue jump signal installed northbound north end bat lanes street allow swift buses merge traffic real time arrival signs debuted swift stations featuring countdown arrival bus estimated gps units coaches june washington state department transportation removed refuge island intersection state route airport road create lane exclusively swift buses bus service aurora avenue north continuation state route shoreline seattle upgraded bus rapid transit introduction line february line terminates aurora village transit center allowing transfers swift future plans transit development plan published community transit proposed restoration minute weekday frequencies swift march community transit proposed extending current line state route shoreline link light rail street station opens link extension future lines community transit approved long range plan extended swift network comprised core community transit service transit emphasis corridors corridors identified served cities mill creek arlington existing arterial streets bus service community transit announced plans second swift line november mile long line tentatively named swift created transit emphasis corridors travel boeing factory mill creek airport road state route study prepared parsons partially funded state legislature estimated project cost million construct attract riders opened federal transit administration approved project development december federal grants capital construction vehicle acquisition session washington state legislature community transit granted authority increase sales taxes fund operation swift pending voter approval ballot measure washington state department transportation gave million funding build line northern terminus transit center ballot measure approved voters november line open early


community transit community transit public transit authority county washington united_states excluding city seattle metropolitan area operates local bus service county commuter buses downtown seattle university washington campus publicly funded financed sales taxes revenue subsidies operating budget million entire agency carried million passengers placing fourth transit agencies sound region city serves county seat served transit municipal transit system community transit officially county public transportation benefit area corporation operates fleet accessible buses vehicles maintained bus bases located field industrial area service provided year round stops routes county public transportation benefit area began operation public transit october months attempt establish public transit county approved renamed community transit agency expanded service decades existence later taking king county metro commuter routes seattle adding cities 1980s 1990s service hours fell funding crises 2000s passage initiative severe recession despite cuts forced service hours fall short rising demand agency debuted state bus rapid transit line swift introducing double tall double buses commuter routes seattle history 1970s county established public transportation benefit area state municipal corporations public transportation added revised code washington washington state legislature plan bus system approved general election june funded tenths increase sales tax rate member cities previous attempts establish bus system county transportation authority rejected voters entirety county heavy opposition came residents high sales tax rate planned absorption transit acquired city forcing exclude successful attempt creating bus system public transit began operating cities terrace october leased buses seven routes carrying passengers week public transit nicknamed blue bus blue carried passengers year service local routes commuter express routes downtown seattle contracted king county metro continuation service provided metropolitan transit corporation southern county prior merger seattle transit system buses ran hours day charging base fare cents equivalent popular lines route accounting percent system months running waterfront boeing factory agency acquired federal subsidies urban mass transit administration fiscal year purchase new buses bus stop amenities stop signs shelters 1980s community transit selected official agency june recommended seattle based public relations firm company ahead winners public contest held years prior continued grow end decade cities arlington lake stevens monroe granite falls sultan bus system largest growth state local routes gaining percent riders metro operated cream buses seattle gaining percent riders metro altered numbering scheme county routes creating series routes opening state largest park ride outlying communities northern eastern county completion park rides terrace saw rise million passengers community transit took remaining commuter routes seattle commuter service american transportation enterprises private carrier opposed metro amalgamated transit union introduction air coaches ate led percent increase january commuter express service interstate park rides south county cities began respectively seattle service expanded weekend service agency dedicated acre bus base park replacing shared operations school district transit cost million equivalent million urban mass transit administration 1990s 2000s fraud investigation involved criminal investigation conducted federal bureau investigation fbi mid-1990s transmission transmission shop agency bus parts detectives fbi county sheriff seized records parties began month community transit management released report criticized management style executive director department heads leading resignation december years position federal prosecutors accused year old owner shop counts mail fraud intentionally transmission repairs community transit maintenance director michael resigned accepted gifts exchange sending going competitive bidding district court jury found guilty counts mail fraud december judge john sentencing years federal prison following transmission forced pay settlement civil suit filed proposed transit attempted community transit transit proposed washington state legislature board formation relative success community transit late 1970s 1980s prompted community transit board propose consolidation transit long term planning agencies worked assumption merger second proposal rejected city_council determined merger save year community transit need retained lack service agencies 1990s successive legislative bills proposing merger passed house transportation committee failed gain support successful lobbying city state voters approved referendum november including state motor vehicle tax revenue city run transit transit gained million equivalent million new annual funding set lose million equivalent million years addition million equivalent million operate service annually large cuts brought passing initiative subsequent loss tax revenue forced agencies consider merging savings estimated million year equivalent million according study commissioned community transit result failed proposed routes city limits ultimately decided provide limited stop service routes newly constructed station community transit transit signed partnership agreement helping fund swift bus rapid transit service area allowing operate route exchange expansion service unincorporated areas surrounding agencies collaborated sound transit washington state department transportation construction south freeway station following year fleet expansions new services recent expansion county annexed silver census designated places mill creek indian reservation west year awarded million equivalent million commuter service contract bus lines later fold transit replacing ate management agency introduced low floor articulated buses united_states fleet purchasing foot long buses new improve accessibility older disabled riders service improvements 1990s including raising service hours million led peaking million end decade agency rider celebrated april passage initiative capped state motor vehicle tax forced transit agencies state cut service anticipation lower revenue facing loss million equivalent million percent annual operating budget community transit eliminated weekend service increased routes february service cuts began program donate retired nonprofit organizations county instead saturday service reinstated september emergency funds approved board sunday service returned passage percentage point tax increase voters restoration service came increased frequency replacement buses agency fleet possible budget surplus sales tax increase approved increased community transit introduced current logo slogan replacing older use retaining blue white color scheme roll new buses united_states began month pilot project september brought access buses longest route route seattle hopes attracting customers partial routes pilot project deemed success expanded surf ride program route trips select trips routes seattle respectively program canceled removal equipment buses brought low customer response budget constraints adoption improved cellular networks support mobile transit signed recent contract continuing operation commuter service seattle community transit debuted double buses sound region year long test eventually buying fleet alexander dennis double tall fleet commuter services expansion unincorporated areas attempted general elections failed gain majority vote november years planning year construction community transit debuted bus rapid transit line washington swift service replaced route state route aurora village shoreline station featuring minute board fare payment transit signal priority service cuts restoration great recession late 2000s subsequent loss estimated million equivalent million sales tax revenue county forced cut service percent june including elimination service sundays major holidays save million equivalent million second cut percent service eliminated took place february board rejected major truncated northern eastern express service seattle transit center cut instead opting preserve commuter service despite decline service hours community transit sound transit record county routes super bowl parade downtown seattle february carrying total passengers extra trips seattle march destroyed portion state route forced route service county offering seat service point station interim route partial reopening state route june reopening september restored original route original route extended point community transit began restoring cut service september adding percent bus hours primarily improve midday service june restored sunday holiday service hour expansion representing percent reduction funded recovering sales tax revenue cent increase following month agency given approval state legislature july increase sales taxes additional dependent voter approval ballot measure november election eventually won fund new swift line local service expansion regional projects sound transit community transit transit agreed break away served planning administrative body addition federal subsidies complained lack communication agencies county agency formally disbanded december replaced joint regional policy committee formed years prior coordinate transit planning entire sound region regional transit agency formed organizing billion equivalent billion plan regional transit vote march failing pass outside seattle island shoreline plan included commuter rail line scenic subdivision king street station seattle light rail line seattle following interstate express bus service light rail stations following november smaller sound plan approved cost billion equivalent billion including commuter rail seattle express buses interstate seattle regional transit agency renamed sound transit following year began operating sound transit express buses contract community transit september new express buses connected park rides southwestern county community transit service area sound transit district downtown seattle including newly opened stall ash way park ride northern sound transit funded capital projects improve bus service interstate corridor including direct access ramps lanes ash way park rides opened respectively existing terrace park ride expanded stall parking garage bus platforms median connected pedestrian bridge commuter rail service county north line began december single round trip connecting king street station seattle rush hour service expanded second round trip june round trip september station opened bringing additional service form fourth round trip following september expansion link light rail system sound transit package approved november including southwestern county voters funding extension light rail mile long light rail line run interstate transit center seattle transit center scheduled begin construction open service sound transit begun exploring possible light rail extension field anticipated included sound transit ballot measure administration community transit administered member board composed members county council elected officials cities populations elected officials cities elected officials cities meets monthly headquarters board led non voting chief executive officer position held heath promoted interim ceo march adopted operating budget million percent revenue provided percent sales tax maximum authorized transit agencies state law combination federal subsidies comprise remainder agency employs time equivalent persons divided departments headquartered creek operating base road field industrial area south located northeast boeing factory square foot creek administrative building opened primary bus base agency fleet buses additional administrative buildings fleet parking lots located park operating base south boeing freeway services community transit operates fixed bus routes square mile km2 county serving percent people percent jobs bus routes serve bus stops bus shelter rest consist standalone sign sign bench bus routes divided types service numbered according destination frequent bus rapid transit swift local routes southern county northern eastern county weekday peak commuter express routes park rides boeing factory numbered downtown seattle university washington campus transit operate day week sound transit express service seattle routes numbered typically service changes occur february september response requests community commuter bus routes boeing downtown seattle university district originate community transit park rides transit centers located county total capacity automobiles largest facilities primarily located southwest county include bicycle addition automobile parking majority park rides owned washington state department transportation maintained community transit service providers addition bus service operates program fleet originating park operating base fleet comes configurations seats special equipped wheelchair lifts community transit reports active service providing rides 12th largest program united_states year lots called park pool lots local churches private parties locations total capacity parking stalls ride transportation service offered community transit contracted senior services county available fare qualifying customers miles local routes regular operating hours registered users average trips day community transit buses priced groups adult youth reduced adult fare charged passengers ages youth fare charged passengers ages reduced fare charged passengers age disabilities card holders children age ride free paying reduced fare change based service level local service county costing commuter service seattle expensive commuter service southern county costly compared commuter service northern eastern county fare increase occurred july raising adult cents regional card introduced integrated smart card transit agencies sound region april allowing users load monthly passes value purse web interface card allowed free transfers hour period transit agencies equal value difference higher fare purse prompting cash initially available fee effective march cost added ordering standard adult youth card removed paper transfers january card obsolete community transit offers monthly passes local higher education institutions including community college university washington college campus central washington university ride transportation type service operated community transit flat fare separate categories cards accepted replaced tickets monthly passes frequent users fleet january maintains operates fleet vehicles operating bases park creek bus fleet reduced vehicles major service cuts forcing community transit order comply spare ratio policies set federal transit administration fleet composed foot foot vehicles specialized foot articulated buses foot double buses buses typically powered diesel engines exception hybrid diesel electric swift articulated buses foot hybrid buses community transit buses low equipped hydraulic kneeling device addition wheelchair lifts wheeled buses feature bicycle racks located swift bus rapid transit buses bike racks located inside vehicle reduced times addition bus fleet community transit maintains program equipped wheelchair lifts retired vehicles donated local non profit organizations program gifted establishment double tall community transit fleet double buses commuter routes park rides downtown seattle named double tall reference double tall cup size coffee chain founded headquartered seattle alexander dennis introduced year pilot project lease alexander dennis month foot long foot high seated standing room additional passengers replacing capacity standard articulated buses commuter routes smaller prior end trial placed order scheduled delivered service initial order fulfilled manufacturing moved plant riverside california meet federal buy america act requirements second order replace older articulated buses went service late sound transit introduced double buses use county routes contract community transit sound transit plans eventually replace entire county fleet double beginning buses fleet double buses operated directly community transit second largest double fleet public transit agency united_states transit las_vegas nevada ahead davis california valley transit authority valley california current bus fleet march