cargo ship built american hawaiian steamship company ship incorrectly referred world war known service united_states_army uss service united_states_navy late career known italian government built maryland steel company sister ships american hawaiian steamship company employed inter coastal service panama canal opened world war carried cargo animals france charter army transferred navy august uss continued duties armistice converted troop transport returned american troops france returned american hawaiian resumed inter coastal cargo service world war war shipping administration initially sailed new_york caribbean ports trips african ports mixed beginning mid sailed new_york boston ports united_kingdom late sailing pacific_ocean july american hawaiian sold italian government renamed time scrapped september baltimore design construction november american hawaiian steamship company placed order maryland steel company point maryland new cargo ships contract cost ships set construction cost plus profit maryland steel maximum cost construction financed maryland steel credit plan called payment cash monthly installments balance provisions deal allowed installments converted longer term notes final cost including financing costs ton came maryland steel yard ship built contract ship gross register tons grt feet inches length perpendiculars feet inches cargo holds storage capacity cubic feet outfitted complete plant carry products west_coast like fresh produce southern_california farms east_coast single steam engine powered oil fired boilers drove single screw propeller speed knots early career began sailing american hawaiian company shipped cargo east_coast ports route west_coast ports hawaii vice versa shipments route arrive mexican ports eastbound cargo veracruz westbound cargo traverse national railway eastbound shipments primarily sugar hawaii westbound general nature sailed service west north_america united_states occupation veracruz april found american hawaiian ships mexican ports led mexican government closed national railway american shipping loss access coupled fact panama canal open caused american hawaiian return late april historic route sailing south_america straits opening panama canal august american hawaiian ships switched taking route october landslides closed panama canal american hawaiian ships including returned straits route exact movements time early unclear half american hawaiian fleet chartered service group american hawaiian ships chartered service south_america delivering coal gasoline steel exchange coffee rubber ore world war point united_states declared war germany united_states_army chartered transporting pack animals europe support american expeditionary force information specific conversion ships typically meant passenger accommodations ripped replaced ramps stalls horses carried details animal transport journeys known trip began april sailed newport news virginia animals saint animals arrived good health died fallen ill injured trip details army service known august transferred united_states_navy new_york commissioned naval overseas transportation service day loaded cargo general supplies beef deck load trucks sailed convoy new_york september arriving destination saint days later new_york october outfitted stalls horses took load horses general cargo officers men sailing convoy october reached november days armistice sailing france november arrived newport news days later underwent repairs sailed december new_york board survey found fit conversion troop transport transferred cruiser transport force sources indicate specific modifications underwent typical conversions ships included installation troops adding greatly expanded cooking toilet facilities handle large numbers men aboard similar modifications sister ship took months known long refit took conversion france brought home american personnel uss decommissioned september returned american hawaiian day interwar years resumed cargo service american hawaiian return world war service company abandoned original hawaiian sugar routes time continued inter coastal service panama canal relatively uneventful career hints carried time contemporary news reports los_angeles_times april example newspaper ran report provided los_angeles chamber commerce went great detail listing contents pound cargo items included items pounds iron pipe pounds paper toilet tissue pounds june newspaper ran photograph showed loading prize bull beginning journey los_angeles harbor guatemala city aboard news crewmen according ship captain ship held san_diego hours men refused obey captain orders agreement harry sailors union pacific reached men followed orders ship los_angeles union attempt settle issue arrival los_angeles harbor ship boarded fbi agents representatives bureau marine inspection navigation interviewing captain closed doors aboard ship fbi turned investigation bureau marine inspection navigation investigators conducted hearing men world war united_states entered world war war shipping administration frequently sailed convoys complete records unavailable partial records indicate ports visited conflict cargo august april sailed primarily new_york caribbean ports calling trinidad key west roads bay exception pattern november sailed south_africa returning way late april sailed roads returning late june beginning july sailed boston new_york halifax liverpool round trips october visited belfast march bay june southampton belfast july october sailed new_york bay sources reveal capacity spent remainder war later career war end american hawaiian continued operating years december chicago daily reported speeding manila men ill news article reported ship man die disease months prior july following year company sold italian government ship operated new remained italian hands scrapped september baltimore


joseph joseph born september american sailor captain oil spill accused contributed disaster cleared charge trial witnesses testified sober time accident convicted lesser charge discharge oil fined sentenced hours community service early years born georgia raised long_island new_york father joseph united_states marine_corps torpedo bomber pilot turned airline pilot mother margaret born georgia born son married daughter born september graduated high school reportedly tested youth avid sailor member sea scouts received bachelor science degree marine transportation state university new_york maritime college early career following college june hired mate humble oil company later shipping company ship florence wilmington north_carolina climbed ranks merchant marine obtained master license age age youngest captain working took command philadelphia california alaska oil tanker master chester asphalt carrier ran storm new_york south_carolina trip high winds damaged ship mast including radar radio communications crew prepared abandon ship rallied guided ship safety alternate master subsequently received fleet safety awards year driver license suspended revoked times state new_york alcohol violations time incident new_york state driving privileges suspended result driving influence arrest september entered rehabilitation program south oaks hospital new_york following rehabilitation received days leave attend anonymous clear attended leave oil spill departed port alaska march million gallons crude oil bound california harbor pilot guided ship narrows departing ship returning control ship master ship traffic lane traffic separation scheme avoid following maneuver departed navigation bridge time accident left mate gregory cousins charge navigation bridge able robert helm instructions mate return southbound traffic lane point failed return shipping lanes struck reef march accident resulted discharge million gallons oil cargo prince william sound trial following accident alaska state prosecutors failed convince jury time grounding admission drank night blood alcohol content found defense argued blood samples taken nearly hours incident states including alaska allow samples hours required halt added sample added alcohol sample making result invalid result accident united_states_coast_guard suspended masters license period months acquitted charges convicted charge discharge oil fined sentenced hours community service post masters license revoked remains valid date unable find long term work captain spill alma mater maritime college hired solidarity teacher aboard empire state year incident working legal maritime consultant new_york_city brown firm represented legal cases residing native long_island originally sentenced assist clean oil spill lengthy appeals process community service conducted anchorage alaska area beginning june picking trash local roads later moving cafe local soup kitchen community service conducted years anchorage parks program paid fine offered heartfelt apology people alaska suggested blamed disaster true story anybody wants look facts sexy story easy story said said felt gave fair shake apology appears interview book spill personal stories disaster pop cultural references following incident ridiculed talk shows late night television subject list late night david_letterman trying ice reef featured syndicated comic strip far showed clumsy person stages life baby cup teenager pen ink shirt pocket ultimately adult driving water tower film patron saint movie villain leader band raiders film displayed portrait prominently aboard flagship called ship large seen holding old jack daniel bottle reference accusations time spill


royal national institution royal national institution largest charity saves lives sea coasts ireland channel islands isle man inland waterways numerous services operating area founded national institution preservation life granted royal charter charity republic ireland queen elizabeth_ii patron principally funded donations crew members unpaid volunteers stations operates crews rescued average people day operate beaches paid local authorities provides equipment training institution operates flood rescue teams nationally internationally prepared travel overseas short notice considerable effort training education institution particularly young people children week spoken education volunteers sea beach safety children week receive training institution saved lives foundation cost lives lost service history sir william came live isle man aware nature irish sea ships wrecked coast drew plans national service manned trained crews initially received little response admiralty appealing members london society plans adopted help member parliament thomas wilson merchant george national institution preservation life founded age sir william took rescue george rock entrance douglas harbour commanded washed overboard crew finally aboard george rescued loss life incident prompted sir william set scheme build tower refuge rock project completed stands day entrance douglas harbour institution changed royal national institution prince albert added support institution new built stationed douglas recognition work sir william year raised income dropped finding financial difficulties accepted government rose subsequent years lasted ceased accepting subsidies found voluntary donations fallen subsidies addition government bureaucracy regulations detrimental service loss crew gave new impetus fundraising appeal raised saturday held year wartime world war crews launched times rescuing people younger men active service average age launches ships torpedoed struck mines including naval merchant vessels war duty notable example hospital ship attended saving lives hour rescue mission world war placed considerable extra demands particularly south east england threat invasion enemy activity present rescuing downed frequent occurrence constant danger mines war lives saved evacuation nineteen sailed june assist evacuation went directly france crews crew collected troops edward parker awarded distinguished service medal work taking lord beaches crews summoned dover admiralty arrivals questioned reasonably view details service particular running heavy beach loading soldiers floating dispute resulted crews sent home subsequent arriving discussion disappointment later investigation resulted dismissal crew members aspect criticism run beach unable refloated lost operation crew members stayed dover emergency provide repair facilities end evacuation returned stations varying levels damage continued services rescues losses honours rescues lives saved crews saved lives makes distinction people aided lives saved launches rescuing people including saving lives helped rescued people flood deployed seven times crews rescued average people day biggest rescue history march liner hit reef near point cornwall strong gale dense fog volunteers rescued passengers including babies crews rowed repeatedly hours rescue people board silver medals later awarded crew members losses people lost lives service names inscribed memorial sculpture honours medals awarded bravery gold silver bronze bronze medals awarded gold medal carries motto let deep swallow thanks institution inscribed framed letter appreciation given notable acts awarded crews station award monetary award service year inaugurated walter elizabeth award given annually outstanding service atlantic successors crew established walter award memory brighton station administration officer renamed memory wife died decorated henry years gold medals silver received george cross british_empire medal known greatest youngest recipient frederick carter frank perry awarded silver medal rescue notable include henry freeman years robert william hook credited saving lives plus dogs cat henry shrimp davies years service james sea received award rescue mary stanford entire crew decorated illustration history section heritage maintains encourages number entities respect history activity institution preserved including historic collection chatham historic dockyard historic vessels grace museum opened commemorating rescue museum run henry museum illustrates history tells story henry famous rescues enthusiasts society branch independent historic owners association promoting study preservation heritage trust collection historic items including fine art model archive historic documents photographs national memorial memorial dedicated served operations great_britain ireland ships distress public reporting accident contact emergency services telephone radio calls irish coast guard appropriate coordinate air sea rescue operations independent land based rescue personnel rescue helicopters help stations stations coasts great_britain ireland isle man channel islands tower station river_thames london busiest rescuing people saving lives tower launches increased new station buildings completed public access stations types explore normally open year round shop discover normally open summer months observe location welcome visitors easily accessible time time close station later reopened independent services history stations found articles places stations list disasters british isles information closed stations rescue craft operates station relief fleet ship prefix class class royal national weather large boats enclosed survivor spaces deck self weather conditions carry class boat work launched mechanical arm classes motor life boats speeds ranging knots aim provide knot weather crew begun construction weather centre complete save million year took expectation fully operational shannon class year built smaller boats operate closer shore shallower waters classes ribs capable knots centre isle building 1960s produced introduced allowing rescue mud flats river inaccessible conventional boats personnel equipment crews entirely volunteers numbering including women alerted supported volunteer shore crew station management evolved synthetic foam today light non designs crews wear different styles placed beaches england wales northern_ireland channel islands aided people paid appropriate town city_council provides equipment training institution operated flood rescue team floods strategically placed teams boats support transport equipment international flood rescue team composed volunteer crew range additional skills prepared travel overseas short notice trained alongside teams common purpose usa women early days service launch recovery usually undertaken women deeply held views women actually boats considered extremely bad luck parts coastline women supported men crews working afloat later recovering water readiness came crew predominantly male female crew member elizabeth woman crew member weather east station age youngest station manager devon voluntary support apart crew institution provides variety opportunities signed volunteers notified email mobile phone local need fundraising events helping collections shop voluntary offices available times year safety advice addition safety advice given publications offers safety advice boat beach users opportunity arises risk groups divers institution runs sea beach safety sessions young people particularly inner city areas children week spoken education volunteers sea beach safety children week receive training children taught swim effort reduce estimated year worldwide half children extends practical strategic safety advice organisations overseas cases providing training college infrastructure institution split administrative divisions east east south east england south south west england west wales isle man north east west coasts northern england scotland ireland republic ireland northern_ireland headquarters adjacent holes bay harbour includes maintenance repair facilities support centre college training centre support centre college opened majesty queen elizabeth_ii specialist training facilities include wave pool fire ship bridge engineering workshop college accommodation available members guests training taking place offers facilities weddings conferences events half staff work locations dublin london perth roles stations home based include operations estate financial management public relations information technology new headquarters ireland opened swords county dublin june president mary attended chairman executive committee admiral sir funding principally funded voluntary donations remainder merchandising investment income million expenditure million institution encourages corporate partnerships included fred cruise lines fundraising branches regions served institution far sea support particular station project new institution estimated volunteer network largest regular contributor communications public service fund known simply fund established civil servants support collectively fund provided institution support collection boxes seen nationwide popular target thieves fixed cast iron collection box cornwall grade listed institution annual fundraising day day end january stations hold open days summer hosting displays stalls events station shops open time nationally internationally known celebrities fields supporters example cartoonist life president donated cartoons charity cards illustrations ross formula team boss raised funds business challenge new station river_thames london names include bear chris ben daniel newman coast coast tour earned outstanding achievement award membership membership classes involve differing levels contribution governor includes voting rights offshore aimed active sailors shoreline joint shoreline popular level storm force younger members publications quarterly magazine members containing regional national news institution featured rescues book reviews launch listings additional insert offshore members compass quarterly regional newsletter discontinued copies read website storm force members quarterly magazine institution website contains details organisation activities including fundraising stations history projects criticism salvage isolated cases crew members claimed salvage leading uncommon partly funded practice legal reason crew members salvage vessel frequently tow small vessels safety long distances support encourage salvage firstly exist save lives sea secondly involved salvage discourage lives risk calling help sea safety guidelines state salvage fee towed voluntary contribution welcome stance reinforced criticised launching fishing vessel run aground spokesman stated salvage firm charity aim provide immediate assistance people trouble sea lives risk


port split port split croatian split port central city split croatia port originally trading post originally established greek settlers island subsequently taken romans port middle ages suffered decline late 18th early 19th centuries port took primary trading shipping outlet region decline attributed decline ottoman_empire traditional market port split growing domination austrian empire port ranks largest passenger port croatia largest passenger port mediterranean annual passenger volume approximately million port split recorded ship arrivals year port managed port split authority late 2000s port operators split split started implement investment plan aimed increasing passenger cargo traffic volume scheduled completed allow port handle million passengers year business operations port split largest passenger port croatia largest passenger mediterranean port administered port split authority primary split split secondary awarded concessions use port facilities provide services port primary operating city port split basin area respectively secondary active area port based terminal companies passenger vehicle transit handled number carriers share passenger traffic volume reached total passenger traffic volume reached passengers representing drop compared previous year port serves seven island ferry lines additional passenger shipping lines connecting nearby islands transport links islands carrying vehicles day tourist seasons islands providing regular transport links large area ferry lines carried annual average daily traffic vehicles summer peak season volume increases total vehicles average port split recorded total ship arrivals handled million tonnes cargo split primary cargo company port split recorded substantial growth volume months year company handled tonnes cargo representing growth rate achieved company cargo volume projected entire year estimated tonnes including growth permitted investments late increased volume operation brought profit approximately million euro months overall port operations continue grow arrivals recorded director split port authority transport facilities port split located adriatic_sea coast bay protected split peninsula string islands facilities include structures split located approximately kilometers miles coast port connected international road network routes carried croatian motorway state road port connected electrified single track railway runs port comprises port split handles fishing vessels passenger ships navigation safety craft sailing ships ferries contains passenger terminal rail link vessels meters feet long draught meters feet passenger terminal designed facilitate transfer ship passengers split airport located metres feet away terminal consists single berth craft meters feet long draught meters feet basin container cargo terminal comprising roll roll ramp storage warehouses including storage open storage area terminal ships meters feet long draught meters feet facility located area north city split connected railway truck terminal terminal comprises free zone allowing tax breaks cargo processing goods terminal encompasses acre area basin reserved ships instructions port authority basin cargo terminal secondary split generally transport needs ships draught meters feet basin laid vessels pest control fishing boats etc terminal craft draught meters feet destinations history trading post site port split established greek settlers island 4th century position trading post selected location natural harbor proximity numerous adriatic_sea islands extensive populated notably area subsequently roman empire decline roman empire coast brought rule byzantine_empire area absorbed kingdom croatia beginning 10th century croatia kingdom hungary joined personal union 12th century split developed trading routes maritime trade adriatic_sea mediterranean republic venice gained control city split 16th century split central maritime trade outlet balkans goods transported ottoman_empire india persia venetian republic vice versa fall venice split briefly ruled monarchy austrian empire french empire austrian rule restored period trade routes shifted adriatic ports especially port causing city economy second half 19th century economy city split surrounding area started recover split soon hub central connecting neighboring islands spurred development city port transport connections including construction new split railway railway linked railway allowing development modern port cargo port split relocated city centre industrial zones areas passenger traffic uses centrally positioned harbor future expansion port split facilities intended modernized domestic international passenger traffic consequently nicholas pier planned extended summer seasonal scheduled added passenger terminal planned expanded framework second construction stage additional end expansions passenger aimed achieving passenger transport capacity million passengers year new capable metre long cruise ships planned expected cost million million euro construct container terminal basin expected modernized infrastructure planned upgraded segments port scheduled undergo minor repairs


empire empire british steam merchant ship originally american merchant launched west brief stint united_states_navy known uss west west built steam powered cargo ship united_states shipping board west boats series steel cargo ships built west_coast united_states world war war effort 11th ship built columbia river company portland oregon completed late war commissioned naval overseas transportation service united_states_navy uss west january overseas trip navy delivering grain products danzig decommissioned returned west relatively uneventful merchant career sale brothers steamship company june west sold british interests renamed empire months later ship torpedoed sunk german submarine carrying supplies convoy second world war crewmen killed attack master rescued british corvette design construction west ships cargo ships similar size design built shipyards west_coast united_states united_states shipping board emergency use world war given names began word west like west ninth west ships built columbia river company portland oregon west columbia river yard number launched october completed december west gross register tons grt feet inch long perpendiculars feet inches steel hull displaced mean draught feet inches hold feet inches deep west power plant consisted single steam turbine driving single screw propeller moved ship knots navy career completion west december month end fighting world war handed united_states_navy use naval overseas transportation service commissioned uss west december sound navy yard washington lieutenant commander andrew command undergoing sea trials west sailed san california january load cargo grain behalf american relief administration days later west headed norfolk virginia arrived february fuel west sailed february plymouth arrived march hook holland danzig delivering cargo help feed hungry aftermath war steamed new_york april reaching new_york april west decommissioned returned civilian career details west post navy career remain mentions shipping reports contemporary newspapers offer hints activities example reports new_york_times mention departure new_york manchester august arrival liverpool september west reported washington_post sailing new_orleans london route october year captain officers west arrested new_orleans liquor law prohibition found board ship men held bond west sold brothers steamship company assigned steamship company subsidiary 1930s brothers operated cargo ships gulf_coast caribbean ports little specific information available west movements likely called gulf_coast caribbean ports specific mention ship found report new_york_times newspaper reported west arrival new_york october days sailing new_orleans second world war june united_states maritime commission granted permission sell west ships bank line glasgow transfer british registry west loaded scrap iron sailed roads virginia june halifax arriving july west sailed day convoy liverpool night july west dropped astern convoy sighted british merchant ship don west continued reached liverpool independently july soon transferred ministry war transport newly renamed ship named empire assigned andrew london operation sailed liverpool wartime convoy new convoy august convoy dispersed day coming attack german submarines ships convoy sunk damaged sixth total loss empire arrived roads september baltimore days later day turnaround empire sailed independently sydney nova_scotia cargo tons pig iron tons steel arriving october sydney joined ill fated convoy bound newport return journey convoy single escort start sloop convoy located boats october quickly overwhelmed convoy sinking ships empire torpedoed sunk october nautical miles west south head total complement crew members lost master crew members picked landed october including empire ships half ships convoy sunk different boats


canal canal french canal built carry coal goods passengers running river canal approved problems opened canal originally kilometres long goods loaded flat barges carry tons took hours men pull barge canal canal played important role early valley highly profitable peak canal transported tons canal obsolete saint railway passenger railway france built route attempt compete canal extended kilometres long locks raise lower boats moving sections level water despite extension traffic volumes canal kept open start 20th century little remains canal covered saint plans original plan conceived build canal link upper route run basin way saint saint basin saint called canal des seas canal link atlantic mediterranean immediate need canal covering section emerged cheaper method pack needed carry coal heat houses fuel glass works opened engaged carrying coal taken water north south towns consuming tons annually coal sold ton head ton docks engineer proposed connect canal kilometres long mount tributary cross watershed saint descend exit near filed proposal early wait paris july favorable report letters patent issued september giving right build use canal years revert crown responsible building bridges roads cut canal paying lands taken letters patent registered parliament june authorized open channel far rise metres construction work began canal water let section canal walls lock chamber collapsed borrow money continue satisfy creditors prematurely opened canal water broke banks participants ceremony scramble escape work halted canal reaching saint died heart attack death threatened disrupt project king louis france personally interested oldest son allowed resume work december new letters patent given partners replacing earlier ones new terms land needed including metres land tow paths builder materials found king appointed engineer oversee construction inspector roads bridges paid heirs successors assigns enjoy canal years transferring king deploy boats chose paid defined fees weight distance goods carried passage boats lock passenger fees defined deploy armed guards enforce regulations project continued run difficulties financial problems threats work new letters patent issued august doubled rates extended term ninety years land shops warehouses housing employees work complete finally opened navigation following december reported spent million canal probably cost canal bridges tunnel metres long metres wide broken solid rock canal kilometres length locks double metres deep accommodate vessels metres high maximum length vessels metres maximum width metres operation canal contend initial opposition force prevent coal taken pits loading points canal provided greatly superior method transporting coal immediate success earned canal established december operations letters patent december registered september concession declared permanent goods carried flat wooden boats metres long carry tons hauled men walked pulling barge harness shoulder took hours pull barge canal stood barge steering wooden pole lock keepers operated locks helped barges boat hook loaded barges called iron hooks goods combination glass works canal transformed rural village industrial town canal river helped distribute time french revolution began inhabitants position later reinforced construction railways explains development glass works later iron steel manufacture december king louis approved construction reservoir supply water canal dry periods proposed site reservoir high near saint chosen site low river near short sighted decision ruled plan continue canal saint french revolution delayed work barrage dam completed capable containing cubic metres water modeled dam built saint canal revenue company paid company able raise rates reducing traffic canal earned million carrying tons coal tons merchandise concession holders debts incurred build canal including improvements opened able pay healthy canal giving annual revenues account described superb water station right bank excellent basin loading fine buildings administration canal shops warehouses peak canal transported tons main purpose canal transport coal taken towns river return trip boats carried merchandise including iron oak wood things needed factories department population risen factories making window bottles glasses port busy trade coal shipment large glass works established transported products canal railway competition canal high excellent profits attracted interest building competing railway bold venture planning saint railway preceded liverpool manchester railway opened prototype pioneering railways new technical problems solved fact steep section saint power steam traction engines day construction saint railway began september direction section open freight traffic june wagons drawn slope horses horse pull wagons kilometres hour mph downhill return journey horses placed wagons kilometres distance covered hour early steam locomotive came operation able tow seven cars loaded tons cars hour half line saint open goods passengers april population hostile railway threatened trades trains wagons set fire poet published franco language collection trial balloon young poet violently attacked arrival saint railway ruin canal father worked porter canal company responded competition lowering rates lost business steam boats built england tow barges avoided expense transferring coal river boats december royal ordinance allowed company extend canal west grand work began completed kilometres extension brought length kilometres number locks economics railway report noted coal carried directly saint canal carried land kilometres kilometres canal kilometres opening railway coal carried non stop cheaper land route mines use canal mines charges excessive canal leased des mines january fallen tons tons rose tons resumed decline tons tons tons end 19th century municipality held canal essential development town barge traffic viable industry fighting closure canal demanding remain entire length despite mounting evidence obsolete clear canal poor shape natural shores eroded sides locks needed completely rebuilt locks canal places disappeared completely taken vegetable gardens industrial development valley negative aspects writer described region saint country river canal railway national road described people miserable said showed misery agriculture roads houses church work mines choice poor villagers travel guide mentions station canal railway south line separated line saint canal mainly coal barges route canal passed coal mines large works iron canal company went bankrupt bought state briefly gave new lease life canal obsolete gauge start 20th century abandoned canal neglected parts filled 1970s saint covered sections remained apart site double lock tunnel preserved heritage site


river built service upper river express company busy era grand trunk pacific railway construction built creek early alexander watson victoria british_columbia foremost son man built charlotte express company hired captain owen master experienced upper river pilot construction captain worked alexander watson design construction phases watson purchased boiler engines equipment chicago marine company informed construction site creek miles away railway equipment hauled horse drawn distance chicago marine decided build boiler sections heaviest piece easily transported construction site supplied compound engines use half fuel single engine similar power engines gave enormous advantage river time cut labor needed load wood cargo space required carry later estimated engines saved sum equal construction hull watson turned local man william portable operator instructed find good stand fir cut necessary intending build steamer draught possible watson built rest grade cedar shipped victoria construction began february watson arrived crew labourers work begun hull end march near occurred ice suddenly broke creek canyon quarter mile construction site river overflowed banks ice deposited site rushing water knocked blocks swept tools supplies warehouse river workers heard ice breaking canyon able scramble higher ground safety watson able inspect found damage twisted broken quickly replaced company swiftly shipped replacement tools supplies work resumed completed decks accommodation passengers carry deck passengers featured steam heat hot cold running water fine quality attractive wall floor dining room seat furnished right plates specially ordered england company colors red yellow white ladies cabin covered chamber built contained double brass bed silk worth dignitaries including premier richard travel comfort suite maiden voyage launched creek friday ceremony people bent especially shipyard workers criticized watson choosing launch ship friday 13th express company workers explaining company lucky day watson pleased sat water draught inches bow inches deepest fully loaded tons freight sat inches water left creek trip upstream leaving break day arriving captain semi weekly trips creek june decided ready testing fort george canyon fort george canyon left arriving canyon passengers lined steam soon realized light powerful need line run law passengers forced walk canyon steamer lining picked fall federal inspector decided allowed passengers board gave huge advantage rivals line time fuel passengers arrived south fort george june warm welcome local populace steamer landing charlotte local residents anticipating day arrival company choose landing build office warehouse local business decisions going based widely correctly assumed bringing bulk passengers south businessman johnson waiting information know build fort george licensed hotel hotel northern promoters south fort george aware huge benefit landing town site day arrived offered express company free lots choice south fort george company accepted offer construction facilities begun huge disappointment south fort george rival town site central fort george river hoped express landing offices george hammond promoter central best bad situation hired representative central town site travel promote central passengers arrived south fort george route successfully tested began semi weekly passenger mail service creek fort george meet company horse stages automobiles creek leave sundays arriving noon cargo passengers continue dark day start dawn arrive fort george return trips faster leave fort george saturdays arrive creek day good speed fast mph stage fare creek steamer fare fort george meals cents route needed stop simply raised white flag steamer pull land white flag ignored wanting ship produce market sick child needed emergency transportation hospital late fulfilled heroic role way fort george late november fort george winter food supply met accident canyon food transported news reached fort george pioneers johnson russell snow petition captain run necessary supplies ice begun form river captain brought fort george scratch paint busy year settlers poured district joined sister ship express command captain joseph built service fort george section upper year low trouble rammed rock twice fort george canyon crew case frustrated boulder breaking window process brought good news local river area general announced railway going built pacific great eastern run vancouver fort george eventually peace river country stewart contractors railway planned build grade upper river fort george creek aid construction construction grand trunk pacific finished construction pacific great eastern began stewart boats operator joined express route creek fort george rivalry boats express boats heated soon came race proved sister ship operator proven express day july captain shannon challenged captain race creek rules odd stop deliver mail different landings obligation run right race progressed soon obvious faster boat stayed ahead race despite having stop times landing mail deliver usual fallen soon caught passing opponent captain johnson rammed captain immediately pulled inspect boat damages pulled ahead fortunately soon discovered hit shear guards met damage fact arrived caught tale heard local populace unanimously agreed winner declared speed queen captain shannon stated got caught moment race upper river august bring onset world war halting construction pacific great eastern end era upper river express reserved special trips despite having monopoly river traffic finished season loss river appeal board trade provincial government granted express company year continue river navigation creek fort george ran august infamous rock called sank tons cement intended construction deep creek bridge express company fully intending salvage prized craft hired alexander watson rush victoria overhaul express service rescue site accident discovered bags cement solidified separated raised salvage completed freeze spring salvage work completed cost raised sufficiently fort george newly overhauled express pushed upstream fort george canyon shipyard fort george time history push canyon accomplished fitting testament alexander watson skill captain captain express ran november joined fort george hulls abandoned sense lived engines equipment shipped northern alberta work river alberta arctic transportation company


navigation navigation river canal system river river metropolitan county west yorkshire england improvements rivers completed leeds construction locks lock sizes increased times depth water enable larger boats use system bypassed opening canal canal new docks new town provided shorter route river new junction canal constructed link system river don navigation sheffield south yorkshire navigation steam introduced 1860s compartment boats introduced later called tom coal ships large hydraulic system enabled canal carry peak million tons coal year abandoned handle trains compartments locks lengthened feet upper reaches designated leisure routes significant commercial traffic navigation tons carried traffic petroleum gravel coal kept navigation profitable years route river joins branch leeds follows river continues flow eastwards bank junction continues north easterly direction follows winding course join river section longer navigation derelict lock blocks access lower river instead canal flows northwards bank junction canal flows join modern road crosses branch navigation runs parallel dutch river artificial channel built alleviate flooding caused original diversion river don northwards river original purpose linking leeds york trent routes achieved changed significantly recent canals navigation vital link english welsh connected inland network leeds leeds liverpool canal carries boats navigation connects navigation allows boats reach broad narrow canals canal canal connects boats travel upstream reach york downstream river hull north_sea sheffield south yorkshire navigation reached new junction canal forms link sheffield south west tidal river trent east history early river boats carrying tons traded river tidal point traders leeds keen link town easier export cloth bills presented parliament failed william mayor leeds attempts obtain act parliament improvements river success drew close number bills passed rivers general support river bill drawn support wool traders leeds general merchants john surveyed samuel surveyed bill lot support opposed city york feared river damaged scheme parliamentary bill contested house_of_lords asked trinity house produce report rivers favoured scheme act parliament granted named corporation leeds gentlemen oversee improvements river river leeds river act gave powers included creation bypassed short cuts equipped locks creation right buy demolish mills john engaged engineer immediately original work completed including locks leeds locks feet long feet wide feet depths capital fund scheme raised separately leeds committees complicated restructuring finances fixed nominal capital regular cent paid shareholders navigation leased groups responsible collection tolls repairs lease rose receipts previous years averaged early trade consisted mainly goods leeds halifax wool corn lincolnshire east travelling opposite direction significant quantities coal development development navigation occurred bought land developed convenient point water shallower spent improvements maintenance rebuilt improve depth water long running dispute arthur owned mill started finally resolved company bought mills despite general navigation led development asked john suggest improvements subsequent attempt improvements disputed parliament basis present navigation totally inadequate recently finished navigation proposed build canal dutch river bypass completely leeds liverpool canal supported leeds canal bypass asked survey route avoid lower assistant william actually carried work proposed mile canal lock parliament reaching decision worked plan mile canal new cut improvements leeds bill rejected parliament bill passed amendments construction canal began opened april new cut opened spring finished cut completed company bought mill instead locks replaced total cost canal navigation remained profitable paying risen traffic route facilities closed upper limit ships time major port smaller boats canal canal boats limited tons ships tons reach handling tons goods support industries expanding proposal don canal connect dutch river branch went canal connect cold canal don revenue tolls reaching enabled paid company healthy state proposed route dutch river destination changed john asked survey route opposing scheme clause ensured canal maintained july proposed construction docks lock river company proposed feet water available died late george leather took engineer construction started september company eventually built new town docks canal docks opened july barge lock feet ship lock feet capable taking vessels tons connected extensive docks new section miles long locks connection canal maintained lock bank official port gained customs facilities scheme cost borrowed rest came company resources faced outside scheme bypass navigation company looked improvements feet water way leeds thomas surveyed routes basis act parliament passed june included clause ensure canal maintained depth water feet provision extensions docks work started new cut line leeds legal action canal meant deeper wider leeds line completed april somewhat later anticipated banks substantial cope steam introduced course seven locks feet wide improvements took longer problems floods filling workings difficulty constructing foundations carry navigation river stanley ferry transporting site cost improvements ran tried work railways arrived 1840s making traffic agreements suffered significant drop trade receipts dropped thomas hammond chief engineer experimenting steam power steam operating system died late thirds traffic pulled steam son william hammond replaced introduced propellers soon tow carrying tons held locks worked time locks extended feet alleviate met chairman propose system boats consisting compartments bow stern section compartments ships hydraulic lift water tip thought system carry tons coal year allocated train boats hydraulic machinery control lock docks late prototypes operational stern section replaced soon extra compartments ordered experience showed seven compartments fit larger locks noted people tom length trains increased train difficult steer rear moved pulled assembly carried tons compartments tons carried times original estimate world war programme improvements locks carried extending locks feet enabled trains compartments operate regularly experiments trains long carried difficulty splitting train pass locks meant usual maximum compartments continued late 1960s carry half million tons coal long british canals ceased commercial traffic gradual demise coal industry led compartment traffic 20th century saw major phases improvement new junction canal connected sheffield south yorkshire navigation near funded don navigation eventually meeting half cost 1960s navigation underwent scheme locks leeds upgraded enlarged accommodate vessels euro barge standard variation lock sizes smallest feet water depth feet lock euro barges feet fully loaded tonnes cargo draught feet locks section accommodate vessels feet draught feet rigid vessels constrained enable turning locks sets gates foot section feet required compartment boats main problem upgrading branch dimensions george leather cast iron river stanley ferry structural analysis showed parts new concrete cast john construction ltd site little upstream complete structure pushed position hydraulic day operation navigation diverted old left place coal mining main reasons success navigation brought problems caused march bank near lock collapsed flooded significant factor presence excavations workings lower coal previously mined failure resulted cubic yards material including banks river canal slipping workings flooded depth feet creating lake covered acres act parliament obtained allow miles new constructed original locks replaced single lock mining finally resumed years later site pumped coal reserves exhausted site forms nature reserve wet open water covering acres traffic 20th century modification compartment boat system feed coal fired power station starting trains coal connected pushed loaded trains filled coal pushed power station lifted pan canal drop contents belt employed pan holding tonnes time final load left december million tonnes delivered way experiments trains allowed copper pipes carried coal delivery short lived coal carrying came abrupt halt exhausted coal found levels content high acceptable limit trains river don transport tonnes limestone quarry british waterways introduced similar system september called barges aboard system consisted trains barges pushed loaded twin hulls custom built delivery ship ship transport north_sea continental waterways contents having concept failed months dock workers hull entire british waterways fleet believed system threaten jobs commercial traffic navigation consists petroleum gravel barges leisure boating built commercial freight volume carried dropped significantly particularly coal deliveries power station canal stopped navigation carried tonnes freight million tonnes leeds section branch mainly leisure routes industrial nature obvious pleasure boats way commercial vessels vessels designed maximum use locks produce considerable wash narrow boat industrial western navigation appearance tree lined gently twisting river eastern navigation known canal different long straight stretches mainly flat land agricultural leeds navigation circular cruising route ring formed leeds liverpool canals outer ring canal north ring uses canal southern crossing travel york sheffield possible restoration canal dove canal section new junction canal new yorkshire ring points interest


grand western canal grand western canal ran somerset devon united_kingdom canal origins plans going link bristol channel english channel canal bypassing lands end additional purpose canal supply limestone coal lime removal resulting building houses intended canal link completed planned coming railways removed need existence construction phases level section devon somerset border opened capable carrying broad beam barges carrying tons somerset section suitable boats feet long capable carrying tons opened included inclined plane seven boat lifts earliest lifts commercial service lifts boat lift nearly years miles devon section remains open despite threats future designated country park local nature reserve allows navigation somerset section closed gradually disappearing landscape sections maintains historical interest subject archaeological excavations history grand western canal conceived competing schemes alleviate hazards delays coastal sailing ships making passage land end bristol channel english channel canal mouth river exeter opened miles river tone navigation river tone extended construction locks upper section background committee men commissioned james survey route form canal exeter survey duly carried robert called exeter canal involved route exeter use river tone second canal bridge wells came plan canal engineers consulted john asked different committee grand western canal committee survey adopted formed basis planned act parliament opposition city exeter feared compete exeter canal transportation coal eventually act passed march act authorised canal branches water supply derived proposed river tone river available sources line canal canal company authorised improve river tone near raise plus additional required navigation onwards river tone river construction start immediately construction finally work started direction john thomas surprisingly decision taken start middle miles section main line miles branch logic large potential trade limestone generate income summit level cut feet lower original plans locks required greatly increased earthworks required act obtained route canal near rock bridge constructed carry road canal engineers built canal built substantial country house house cottages site bridges including bridge bridge bridge bridge constructed carry minor roads canal costs higher anticipated work ceased june decided continue construction obtain act parliament increased charges carriage goods progress hampered need rock meant sections needed lined clay lime constructed provide materials seen canal close tunnel bridge bridge constructed needed manage streams total cost canal opened august boat travelled laden coal built expense grand western canal company compensation cutting grounds south wing old road bridges needed village second phase traffic opened section lower anticipated prospects building rest canal profits minimal james green turned attention link architect canal built boats inclined planes change levels proposed similar solution canal opened making navigation easier river tone report green proposed vertical lifts instead inclined planes estimated cost canal work started progressed quickly including construction bridge tone bridge new warehouse built addition boat lift required village route altered connect canal directly short stretch river tone seven lifts inclined plane built features caused subsequent delay completion canal problems design lifts gradually came light cost borne green canal opened problems inclined plane canal partially opened wellington january green dismissed completion engineer asked survey works report lifts causes failure plane clear report important source information canal time construction work instigated following report including provision steam engine power miles extension fully opened june cost boat lifts green use boat lifts innovative idea new acknowledged article describing lifts published transactions having suggested principle james anderson edinburgh robert tried build coal canal replaced inclined plane persistent failures built canal replaced robust regular use james built abortive somerset canal works abandoned regularly lift worcester birmingham canal replaced locks complex delicate according finally lift town regent canal replaced locks work principles working prototypes green set building seven lifts principle simple suspended carrying wheels feet diameter wrought iron chains wall lift seal door gate opened allow boat float wall similar manner boats doors lift closed released boat weight water system balanced small energy required start boats moving reaches applied doors opened boats continue order maintain balance second chain fixed total length chain lift remained descended chain lift small energy created ensuring ascending little low time descending reached hold greater depth water time ready descend practice inches water weighing ton found sufficient problems difficulty anderson suggested water chambers lower level canal implemented lower sink deep boat floated attempts fit gates let water chamber drain waste proved ineffective ultimately lock chambers built foot lift filled water upper level boat float descended final feet conventional lock lift anderson principle included proper drain lower level chambers inclined plane problems stemmed calculation power provided large tank filled water descended shaft raising boat allowing descend tank reached shaft water discharged second tank reverse process green engineer canal design successfully size tanks small canal tank holding tons water required raise boat weighing tons grand western canal boats holding tons tanks held tons water tests indicated tons needed reason steam engine obtained supply power locations boat lifts operation somerset section canal suitable boats feet long capable carrying tons devon section suitable larger broad beam barges carrying tons income tolls increased steadily rising point competition railways started bristol exeter railway reached exeter branch opened canal company received loss trade constructed line railway started mount immediately income longer meeting operational costs canal leased bristol exeter railway company started pay shareholders years later act parliament obtained sell canal railway company abandon somerset section canal transfer took place april boat canal closed lifts dismantled route sold original landowners decline limestone traffic continued section boats working canal commercial traffic quarry crushing plant tons year transported income washing sheep charge sheep sale water grew canal 1930s dams built ends section near persistent cured having passed ownership great western railway canal responsibility british transport commission railways formally closed responsibility passed british waterways board restoration plans route canal bypass local interest aroused future canal preservation committee formed committee stirred action plans parts canal housing built borough council gave committee power negotiate british waterways board march board unwilling offer financial assistance changes legislation aided cause county councils set country parks countryside act transport act enabled british waterways board allow local authorities maintain purchase inland waterways stated prepared hand canal devon county council money maintenance representatives council preservation committee organised walk entire canal october set local member parliament firing starting gun time reached party totalled people april british waterways board agreed canal devon county council maintenance actual contract signed town hall general sir hugh handed colonel chairman devon county council transfer canal effective june new owners set work immediately dry section excavated lined liner prevent canal reopened navigation restricted boats exception maintenance boat cutting final section original main line exeter designated nature reserve navigation discouraged canal designated country park horse drawn tourist runs powered boats allowed canal subject licence devon county council canal popular coarse fishing spot rights canal leased district club addition holding valid environment agency rod licence permit purchased advance somerset section largely dry gradually disappearing landscape result roads improvements established route archaeological excavations lift substantial remains carried somerset industrial archaeological society breach repair exceptionally heavy rainfall november caused major break grand western canal banks near necessitating nearby homes evacuated temporary dams installed allowed rest canal remain open meant horse drawn barge able run summer fish returned canal flooded field fish including pike perch lost people environment agency club assisted saving fish environment agency canal fish january environment agency said devon county council agreed pay repairs canal time anniversary july million pound project repair breach began official turf cutting repairs included rebuilding failed embankment raising level reduce risk future improvements water management canal lined material length embankment addition water level monitoring alarm system installed system sensors canal rangers devon county council levels exceptionally high breached section began march gate rock bridge gradually filled section canal officially opened march chairman devon county council councillor bernard hughes narrow boats led parish council councillor travel new section


port port croatian croatia near mouth river adriatic_sea coast formally opened railway built supply route connect site industrial facilities areas bosnia yugoslavia ranked second largest cargo port croatia port cargo million tonnes consisting general cargo bulk cargo including foot equivalent units port recorded ship arrivals managed port authority port recorded steady growth development suffered sharp decline croatian war independence war late 2000s primary port embarked ambitious investment plan aiming substantial increase volume port operations funding secured plans invest million port infrastructure million port equipment history decided develop port site mouth adriatic coast represented natural outlet economy bosnia kingdom yugoslavia preparations included construction railway extension railway railway completed years construction port commenced works delayed onset world war intensified modernization narrow gauge railway port officially started operating july handling imports coal exports timber railway rebuilt standard gauge electric traction installed increase port reached million tonnes years development port sustained croatian war independence war brought year decline affecting port accessibility primary market croatia federation bosnia signed agreement regulating passage goods bosnia port cargo duty free enforcement agreement related duration agreement started developing new bulk cargo terminal new container terminal distribution center implementing systems port facilities operations enhancing logistical support increase transport route funding million approved november consisting million loan world bank million loan european bank reconstruction development provision million croatia august total spent new container terminal opened port authority established government croatia february oversee construction maintenance administration protection promotion port general bulk cargo operations port operated development resumed negotiations port authority granted year extension concession contract cargo handling operations port contract requires port authority improve port infrastructure invest new cargo handling equipment croatian government considers port national interest transport facilities port located adriatic_sea coast area river facilities include structures lies approximately kilometres miles inland east port southern terminus pan european transport corridor branch representing maritime extension rail road routes leading area routes include modern roads croatian motorway accessed forming european route connecting vienna bosnia planned croatian parts european route port linked tracks connected single track railway north port comprises general cargo terminal handles food cattle food cotton tobacco industrial products processing packaging storage facilities metre draught bulk cargo terminal handles coal iron ore pig iron scrap iron storage facilities metre draught allowing tonnes cargo day liquid cargo terminal handles fuel liquid cargo cubic metres cubic feet storage capacity overall single berth metre draught cargo storage handling facilities operated owned federation bosnia grain cargo terminal handles packaging storage capacity tonnes hour single berth tonnes storage capacity metre draught wood terminal handles stores processes timber single berth metre draught petroleum terminal handles petroleum metre draught storage capacity tonnes capacity tonnes hour petroleum tonnes storage capacity tonnes day handling capacity container terminal handles containers roll roll ramp ships annual capacity bulk cement terminal tonnes hour handling capacity storage capacity business unit located river metres feet deep site general cargo terminal adjacent bulk cement terminal forming business unit terminal storage capacity adjacent bulk cement terminal forming business unit passenger terminal primary international transport vessels length overall metre draught secondary local international transport vessels metre draught business operations port second largest cargo croatia serving bosnia local regional users port administered port authority primary operate liquid cargo terminal facilities passenger vehicle transit handled ferries sail peninsula state road ferry line carried annual average daily traffic vehicles summer volume increased vehicles average port recorded ship arrivals rest period passenger terminal recorded passenger arrivals departures september director port authority achieved cargo transport volume million tonnes consisting general cargo bulk cargo including reported net profit million million increase achieved previous year total income reached million million million million company employees listed stock exchange share capital million million september president management board company owned croatian government percent croatian pension insurance fund percent owns percent stock negotiations port authority granted year extension concession contract cargo handling operations port contract requires port authority improve port infrastructure invest new cargo handling equipment investments compensated extension concession period individual years increase cargo volume reported half compared period future expansion september development plan defined port authority completed new container terminal opened construction new bulk cargo terminal originally scheduled completion planned million year bulk cargo terminal expand port area hectares acres new bulk cargo terminal planned accommodate ships draught metres feet tonnes vessels aims attract large quantities transport industrial plants bosnia main users port plant expected ship million tonnes ore coal save million shipping costs investments construction new terminal planned bulk cargo terminal equipment worth cargo terminal equipment worth million replacement equipment port facilities valued million reconstruction liquid cargo terminal worth million investments originally scheduled pace development slower expected delays year observed required superstructure planned funded build operate transfer contracts public private partnerships investments planned aimed increasing port million tonnes cargo year


bristol harbour bristol harbour harbour city bristol england harbour covers area acres existed 13th century developed current form early 19th century installing lock gates tidal stretch river centre city providing tidal pass river called floating harbour water level remains constant affected state tide river lock east bristol upstream limit harbour lock junction arm river continues upstream bath arm tidal river mile floating harbour downstream lock basin artificial canal known canal tidal river follows original route downstream basin floating harbour occupies natural course river whilst tidal river flows artificial channel known new cut separation floating harbour tidal river allows boats harbour remain floating low tide reduces currents prevents flooding bristol temple railway station harbour river run parallel distance miles apart downstream bristol temple railway station floating harbour bristol city centre canon marsh floating harbour tidal river series locks flows gorge harbour today bristol harbour original port bristol ships cargo increased size largely replaced docks located miles downstream mouth river harbour tourist attraction museums galleries exhibitions bars workshops warehouses largely converted replaced cultural venues art gallery watershed media arts centre shed museum gallery bristol science exhibition centre number fashionable apartment buildings bristol harbour railway operated shed runs museum create centre weekends bank holidays historic boats permanently harbour include kingdom great_britain iron propeller driven ocean liner replica matthew john sailed north_america historic vessels shed museum include steam motor john king periodically operated bristol ferry boats number seven boat trips operate ferry services harbour serving landing stages close harbour attractions bristol boats offer regular harbour tours commentaries river cruises tower river bath downstream late july year bristol harbour festival held resulting influx boats including tall ships royal_navy vessels sections features history bristol docks bristol grew banks rivers 13th century rivers modified use docks including diversion river artificial deep channel known saint reach flowed river saint reach heart bristol docks river gorge river flows tides feet high low water means river easily high tide reduced muddy channel low tide ships run aground ships option stranded harbour unloading giving rise phrase bristol fashion describe ships secured cargo capable taking strain repeated mud early vessels bristol regularly travelling iceland speculated sailors bristol landfall americas christopher columbus john arrived bristol proposed scheme king henry vii proposed reach asia sailing west north_atlantic estimated shorter quicker columbus southerly route merchants bristol operating society merchant agreed support scheme sponsored north_atlantic early looking possible trading opportunities edward granted royal charter merchant manage port city tons shipping half tobacco late 17th century early 18th century shipping playing significant role slave trade construction floating harbour 18th century docks liverpool grew larger increased competition bristol tobacco trade coastal trade important area called welsh concentrating slate industry wales stone timber coal limitations bristol docks causing problems business william proposed installing dam lock create harbour scheme approved parliament construction began scheme included construction cumberland basin large wide stretch harbour walls listed building status tidal new cut constructed dam installed end harbour canal temple provided link tidal river boats continue upstream bath new scheme required way levels inside outside dock passage vessels bridges cross water built cumberland basin entrance locks tidal width feet wide junction lock basin known floating harbour arrangement provided flexibility operation basin lock large numbers arrivals harbour officially opened yard harbour construction ships notably great western great_britain largest ships built time ironically decline city docks proving feasibility large ships great_britain towed away builders engines interior fitted river_thames beam big pass lock great_britain moored floating harbour december proceeding cumberland basin stones lock gate platforms removed junction lock time dozens bristol shipyards largest harbour charles hill sons 19th century improvements harbour cost anticipated high rates levied repay loans reducing benefit new harbour drawing companies liverpool city_council bought docks company force rates employed kingdom improvements including new lock gates gates designed reduce ships getting larger river prevented boats reaching harbour scheme install larger lock entire river floating harbour bends dropped work began cheaper docks present entrance lock designed thomas howard opened july width entrance lock use city docks rocks railway provided underground railway link western end harbour close locks railways original bristol harbour railway joint venture bristol exeter railway opened temple floating harbour route included tunnel mary church steam powered bridge entrance locks basin railway extended half mile wharf new branches south avenue swing bridge built marsh north floating harbour line alongside new cut coal concentration depot owned western established wharf industrial museum closed yard docks maintenance facility established land exposed river construct harbour remains sited location present day william created dam allow surplus water flow new cut known 1830s floating harbour suffering severe kingdom able solution problem place advised better use shallow deep harbour new cut vessel drag boat away walls deep opened low tide powerful river carried away tide shallow enabled adjustment dock water level according weather conditions old buildings date 1880s remain yard listed building status octagonal brick chimney hydraulic engine house dates grade listed hydraulic engine house built red brick slate roof contains pumping machinery installed powers dock hydraulic system cranes bridges locks pattern maker shop stores date period grade listed patent slip walls warehouses large number warehouses built harbour storage trade survive today converted apartment blocks demolished regeneration area survived bond tobacco warehouse built brick built warehouses cumberland basin grade listed building bond warehouse dates britain use reinforced concrete system bristol city_council houses bristol record office create centre council offices robinson warehouse built william bruce welsh examples bristol byzantine style coloured brick arches art gallery occupies bush house 19th century grade listed tea warehouse watershed media centre occupies disused warehouse 20th century improvements royal edward dock built large deep water royal dock constructed opposite mouth making bristol city docks floating harbour redundant freight dock charles hill sons yard closed delivering beer tanker yard reopened began operating produce steady stream small ferries survey vessels craft brown sand gravel sand worked wharf occasionally coastal trading vessels enter cumberland basin loaded large steel manufactured ltd nearby gate works old junction lock swing bridge powered water pressure yard hydraulic engine house psi bar new bridge completed modern electro hydraulic system oil pressure psi bar regeneration 1980s millions pounds spent constructed linking bristol exhibition bristol tourist attractions bristol centre opened semi derelict land canon marsh existing grade listed buildings refurbished reused funded million national lottery millennium commission south west england regional development agency million bristol city_council commercial partners including private investors constructing studio apartment buildings regeneration canon marsh area expected cost million crest lead developers constructing new flats homes offices carried guidance sponsors group partnership city_council key developers businesses operators cumberland basin baltic wharf variety small boats baltic wharf sailing club surrounded tourist attractions old hydraulic pumping station converted public house grade listed building active boat building companies harbour bristol classic boat company operative yard events bristol harbour hosts bristol harbour festival july year attended tall ships hundreds ships boats kinds visitors view boats watch live music street performances harbour setting international festival sea larger version annual harbour festivals attended tall ships including eye wind pride baltimore rose earl key theme john pioneering voyage discovery americas replica ship matthew dedicated prior voyage following year anniversary floating harbour commemorated series celebratory events


royal edward later royal edward passenger ship belonging canadian northern steamship company sunk world war large loss life transporting commonwealth troops launched cairo british mail service egypt design construction cairo sister ship built engineering company scotland cairo launched july entered service january built metres long overall metres powered steam turbines drove propeller shafts knots accommodate passengers classes class second class career cairo entered service egyptian mail steamship company british owned company provided fast mail service alexandria service successful cairo sister ship laid service ended ships sold newly established toronto based canadian northern steamship company subsidiary canadian northern railway operating royal line brand cairo renamed royal edward royal george refitted north_atlantic royal edward sailed montreal summer halifax winter outbreak world war royal edward royal george use world war royal edward bring canadian troops europe ship anchored sea july royal edward embarked officers men majority reinforcements british 29th infantry members royal army medical corps destined gallipoli royal edward reported evening 28th arrived alexandria august day sister ship royal george sailed devonport royal edward sailed island staging point dardanelles morning august royal edward passed british hospital ship heading opposite direction von german submarine island saw ships allowed pass focused attention royal edward nautical miles launched torpedoes mile away hit royal edward stern sank stern minutes royal edward able losing power arrived scene making turn rescued men hours french destroyers rescued according authors james wise scott baron royal edward death toll high royal edward completed boat drill majority men decks equipment sources report different numbers casualties admiralty casualty list published times september named officers troops missing believed drowned total lost


middle level middle level network waterways england primarily land drainage lie rivers great cities cambridge area run sea level attempts protect carried middle level given dutch engineer subsequently constructed drainage channels area suitable agriculture water levels managed allow navigation commissioners established maintain waterways collect tolls commercial traffic new main drain germans completed provided better drainage lower mere remaining lake drained soon applications john pump following appearance great exhibition traffic network began diminish opening railway march fell dramatically early twentieth century regular commercial traffic tanker barge delivered fuel oil pumping stations result drainage land levels continued fall gravity germans replaced pumping station diesel engines driving foot diameter pumps capacity increased engines replaced electric motors following hours continuous running maximum capacity new pumping station commissioned work began completed second largest pumping station europe drainage middle levels relies pumping commissioners manage pumping stations area interest restoration middle levels leisure traffic began significant work volunteers occurred worked restoration creek finally reopened locks lengthened allow access modern built feet long southern reaches accessible low bailey bridge raised soldiers engineer regiment system managed commissioners fourth largest navigation authority great_britain history middle levels low lying area approximately square miles km2 sea level attempts protect suitable agriculture began bishop john constructed mile straight cut provided waters river direct route sea previous route floods ferry march given medieval drainage ditch feet wide feet deep manual labour provided prisoners war years war sir john lord chief justice time began work drainage scheme near scheme ultimately abandoned mile cut old course river near march creek remains establishment significant advance dutch engineer employed earl drain old river cut distance miles provided sufficient drainage land summer grazing published document entitled discourse touching draining great proposed division zones north level south level middle level stretching river act parliament pretended act obtained work began supervision new river constructed running parallel old middle levels area protected foot foot sixteen foot rivers cut soon drain water area dam addition new channels middle level contained miles old course ancient artificial waterways king connect floods ferry north creek natural final section lock follows course new drainage channel constructed early sixteenth century primary function waterways drainage water levels managed enable volumes traffic carried documented especially early period level large lakes biggest mere leisure boating described stated miles long miles wide noted dangerous prone sudden winds rising like hurricanes order maintain improve route great river act parliament obtained created commissioners manage waterways powers charge old ton goods entering system agricultural produce carried bound kings coal timber moved opposite direction pleasure boats specifically excluded paying tolls certain products including dust varieties oil cake account system provided george journal voyage round fleet boats towed single horse called insufficient wind sailing employed jack remove bridges low boats pass expedition lasted days recorded gang delayed system enhanced opening canal linked creek river followed line ancient creek joined old course river development new act parliament obtained act sufficient provision funding drainage works cases ensured flood relief given land flooded new act transferred responsibility level corporation local commissioners land owners powers charge levy land brink acts john employed resident engineer level commissioners recommended john charged reconstruction locks great works great importance estimated cost work included rebuilding oversaw suitable received work advertised completed bridges dam end old river near rebuilt land dried soils causing land surface drop middle levels flooded led commissioners obtain act parliament authorised construction new main drain miles long order water flow gravity germans levels tidal river feet lower work completed built time order allow boats deeper draught navigate railway line passed port march soon railway hub branch lines traffic transferred waterways drainage responsibilities commissioners easier new main drain enabled mere drained pumping station pump achieve traditional wheel pump shown time great exhibition amazed visitors inventor commissioned design pump draining mere feet diameter powered steam engine raise tons water minute feet act parliament created middle level commissioners separate body level corporation independent embarked series improvements drainage primary function navigation important new body powers charge tolls use waterways year collapsed square miles km2 levels flooded sir john constructed new consisting large tubes feet diameter passed tops pipes feet inlet outlet air pump remove air water time solution tried supplemented conventional gravity constructed unable discharge sufficient water commercial traffic waterways continued despite railway competition tons generating tolls enabled commissioners profit traffic fallen slightly tons tons commissioners showed loss year giving evidence royal commission canals waterways pointed railway companies paying collect traffic hay straw practice ceased public knowledge condition canal declined discouraged navigation trade agricultural produce coal bricks road building materials continued coal delivered barge depot pumping stations regular carriers left 1920s ran jackson navy horses tow barges steam company stopped trading sugar traffic carried boats owned factory years fuel oil pumping stations supplied tanker barge time creek pumping stations effect drainage light soils occurred land levels continued fall late 1920s gravity discharge longer relied provide adequate level flood protection change pumped drainage began new pumping station constructed germans completed built centre old channel pumping station pump sets installed space fourth consisted brake horsepower diesel engine coupled foot pump pump tons minute day completed demolished replacement channel abandoned new works paid grant given condition quarters workforce local area capacity station increased brake horsepower diesel engine fitted spare bay pumps north rebuilt engines replaced brake horsepower electric motors series improvements carried included construction pumping station bridge preventing navigation channel southern reaches middle levels new lock constructed end provide alternative route banks old river raised clay retain water major improvements foot foot sixteen foot rivers maintain water levels navigation bridges sixteen foot river demolished replaced provide wider channels width restricted flows heavy rainfall germans pumping station upgraded remaining engine replaced brake horsepower allen diesel engine improvements restricted navigation lower south western area greatly improved flood defences bridge pumping station houses allen inch diameter pumps capable pumping powered electric induction motors manufactured lawrence scott controlled automatically powered diesel engines controlled manually standby generator cope loss electric supply pumps operational station pump equivalent tonnes second april germans pumping station ran maximum capacity tonnes second hours led decision replace brand new installation extra capacity work started december pumping station second largest europe includes glass wall enable visitors pumps new station commissioned april old station demolished formal opening ceremony held april station opened lord james russell brother duke earl started process draining seventeenth century smaller pumping stations scattered system maintain water levels prevent flooding restoration local interest restoring middle levels navigation began develop branch inland waterways association formed october following assurances board planning restore river navigation branch decided devote energies middle levels heavily lock rebuilt passage creek difficult east waterways association middle level club began campaigning major working party volunteers system occurred creek trust organised project called october involved draining creek cleared rubbish reopened traffic built boats traditional feet locks sized accordingly programme increase lock sizes waterways accessible standard narrow boats end lock feet built lock extended feet lock feet feet feet new lock reopened april lock sets gates gate tidal end gates allow boats feet long enter river river level higher level creek possible longer boats pass straight certain states tide lock lengthened feet addition set gates facing away river level river lower creek dam lock sized feet long access southern reaches levels improved soldiers 53rd field squadron engineer regiment raised level bailey bridge hollow previously restricted passage low exercise increased inland waterways association raised funding additional materials required reconstruction opened mile cruising ring levels today managed middle level commissioners responsible miles miles commissioners responsible locks number pumping stations fourth largest navigation authority great_britain form short cut river river great lock suggested route passes king lock flood ferry junction route old course river passing twin villages abandoned canal formed route new course river final stretch lock creek passing middle level main drain alternative route old river closed years lock dam closed unsafe taken hold low water levels dam lock prevented passage stands improved waterways link project includes plans improving route middle levels dam points interest