uss atlanta atlanta ironclad served confederate union navies american_civil_war converted scottish built blockade runner named confederacy run savannah georgia failed attempts attack union ship captured union monitors ran aground atlanta floated repaired rearmed serving union navy rest war spent time deployed james river supporting union forces ship decommissioned placed reserve years end war atlanta sold haiti lost sea december delivery voyage description career designed built clyde bank iron shipyard glasgow scotland completed early described scales served atlanta battle monitors iron ship feet long beam feet draft feet depth hold feet estimated tons equipped vertical single cylinder direct acting steam engines steam generated tubular boiler engines drove ship speed knots mph bore inches stroke inches ship briefly operated glasgow ports scotland west highland service purchased september james primary foreign agent great_britain confederacy deliver military naval ordnance supplies purchased disguise control destination cargo hired english crew captain destination bermuda nassau bahamas cargo loaded early october passengers attempt board ship wales night october slowly rounding rammed sank austrian brig slowly swinging anchor lights passengers embarked steamer dispatched letter financial agents instructing settle damages brig owners afford time deal affair detained ship reached bermuda november leaving port november informed crew steamer real destination savannah georgia offered objected plan nassau crew agreed join effort run union blockade able slip safely savannah estuary heavy fog night november sighting cargo went richmond stephen secretary navy endorsed plan load cotton sell navy department account purchase ships equipment europe returned savannah november took month purchase cargo acquire coal attempt break blockade december proved impossible union controlled channel savannah aided occupation island mouth savannah river reported late january breaking hopeless ordered turn ship officer return europe way atlanta brothers nelson received contract convert blockade runner ironclad early atlanta city georgia largely financed contributions women savannah cut main deck large wooden built sides hull support conversion atlanta feet long overall beam feet depth hold feet draft feet inches atlanta displaced long tons speed estimated knots mph armor angled horizontal layers railroad rails rolled plates inches thick inches wide outer layer ran vertically inner layer horizontally armor backed inches oak vertically oriented layers inches pine alternating direction inches waterline feet inches waterline armored way room men upper portion atlanta hull received inches armor rectangular pierced narrow gun ports bow stern gun port protected armored layers iron allowed guns elevate maximum atlanta armed single banded inch rifles pivot mounts bow stern middle gun port occupied single banded inch rifle caliber seven inch guns weighed pounds fired pound armor piercing bolts pound explosive shells equivalent statistics caliber inch gun pounds pound bolts pound shells atlanta armed foot solid iron ram reinforced series vertical steel bars ram torpedo carried pounds black powder wooden pole connected iron raised lowered means july command lieutenant charles atlanta conducted sea trials savannah river fort ship proved difficult steer additional weight armor guns significantly reduced speed increased draft real problem shallow waters near savannah leaked significantly design virtually eliminated air circulation report said board atlanta method ventilation heat intense scales commented diary god ship attempts fix problems partially successful stopping leaks ship commissioned november flagship flag officer commander naval defenses georgia pressure engage blockading ships attempted engage ironclads arrived january army engineers clear obstacles blocking channel timely manner despite early coordination took month actually clear obstacles monitors arrived end january nonetheless attempted pass high tide february high winds prevented water rising allow ship atlanta successfully passed march planned attack union base port royal south_carolina monitors attacking charleston revealed plan waiting head sound forced retreat monitors augmented defenses port royal dissatisfied perceived lack replaced commander savannah squadron later month commander richard page page turn relieved commander william atlanta remained squadron flagship time demonstrated attempted sortie spring tide taking command atlanta forward engine broke passed ship ran aground damaged took day pull free planned attempt tide rejecting idea wait nearly complete ironclad savannah finished sortie meantime rear admiral samuel commander south atlantic blockading squadron ordered monitors sound commander john overall command ships early evening june began attempt passing lower wilmington river spent rest night moved forward evening concealed position easy reach monitors attack early following morning planned sink monitors torpedo deal guns accompany tow monitors savannah aboard spotted atlanta morning june ship closed miles union ships fired round bow gun passed landed near shortly afterward atlanta ran aground briefly able free pressure tide pushed time unable monitors closed range leading ship closed yards opened fire guns inch shell missed inch shell struck ironclad port middle gun port penetrated armor broke wooden backing splinters fragments disabled entire gun crew half crew bow gun failed penetrate backing shot inch gun struck upper hull started small leak failed penetrate inch armor shell inch middle starboard gun opened wounding half gun crew fragments final shell inch struck breaking armor wounding pilots time atlanta able fire seven shots hit union ship hard aground high tide hour half able freely maneuver positions atlanta narrow gun ports allow reply damage inflicted ship resistance futile surrendered ship minutes opening fire chance fire ironclad officers enlisted men man killed sixteen wounded badly require union navy atlanta easily pulled free union ships reached port royal power badly damaged repaired bought union navy prize money shared crews ships signaling distance ship retained commissioned february rearmed pair inch pound rifles bow stern inch pound rifles amidships pound rifle weighed pounds long pounder weighed pounds long fired pound shell distance yards elevation rifles currently located park washington navy yard atlanta assigned north_atlantic blockading squadron spent time stationed james river support operations richmond defend sortie ironclads james river squadron dawn fired dispersed confederate cavalry attacking fort deployed february battle trent reach better blockade confederate ironclads richmond end war april atlanta decommissioned philadelphia june placed reserve league island sold sam ward price subsequently delivered representatives haiti december sydney lawyer received advance purchase price ship briefly seized customs service possibly violations neutrality laws loaded large guns number recruits forces president haiti embroiled civil war atlanta released sailed port prince days later broke delaware bay chester pennsylvania repairs ship renamed triumph departed december vanished route apparently sinking loss hands cape_hatteras delaware


uss uss class destroyer united_states_navy world war later redesignated world war ship named captain commissioned destroyer undertook number patrol training duties east_coast united_states decommissioned overhauled returned service united_states pacific fleet training patrol years present attack pearl harbor following supported operations war laying minefields sweeping mines pacific following end war sold scrap broken design construction class destroyers built united_states_navy sisters constructed newport news shipyards newport news virginia specifications detail designs drawn bath iron works standard displacement tonnes long tons short tons overall length feet inches beam feet inches draught feet inches trials reached speed knots mph armed caliber guns caliber guns inch torpedo tubes regular crew complement officers enlisted men driven parsons turbines powered boilers performance known group class destroyers known unofficially liberty type differentiate destroyers constructed detail designs drawn curtis steam turbines yarrow boilers destroyers deteriorated badly service group retired navy actual performance ships far intended specifications especially fuel economy able nautical miles knots mph instead design standard nautical miles knots mph class suffered problems turning weight ships performed better navy ship named navy officer mexican american war later civil war service history interwar period launched newport news virginia sponsored gilbert daughter commissioned october command lieutenant smith commissioning reported united_states atlantic fleet cruised days escort convoys supporting world war end conflict november returning norfolk virginia end war assigned destroyer division served coast cuba training exercises spring july destroyer division assigned united_states pacific fleet based san_diego california year served destroyer squadron june began operating rotating reserve october june participated division maneuvers fleet maneuvers pacific fleet main battle force placed commission june january redesignated light hull classification symbol following overhaul conversion mare island navy yard recommissioned june returned san_diego sea trials tests new role completed departed pearl harbor assigned division pacific fleet operated hawaiian waters conducted training exercises including submarine divisions served target ship served station ship aircraft returned san_diego june placed commission reserve november september recommissioned assigned division pacific fleet november arrived sound navy yard began conduct neutrality patrol oregon washington coasts cruised different bases coastline alaska commander sector aboard returning rejoined division san_francisco steamed hawaii returning december attached division pacific fleet took training exercises operating area range world war december moored middle northwest ford island moored alongside nest converted destroyers montgomery outbreak attack crew distracted initial assault ford island flight torpedo bombers quickly loaded machine guns began firing ships area quickly able strong anti aircraft defense lasted morning credited hits japanese aircraft damaging submarine undamaged attack following attack pearl harbor remained harbor leaving december carrying mail orders ships mouth harbor steamed east patrol took survivors carrier sunk aftermath battle midway summer operated south pacific august tracy laying mines channel santo destroyer tucker entered escort patrol having notified minefield struck mines sank moored channel rendered aid september nighttime exercise santo damaged collision cruiser san_francisco carried duties consolidation solomon islands assigned task group alongside laid mined guard western approaches gulf supported allied efforts new georgia june august assigned task unit laid mines harbor supported occupation defense cape conducting duties november later supported landings october subsequently ships support gulf landings january supported battle february march undertook duties supporting battle okinawa march june final act war steamed support united_states fleet near mainland japan july august september swept mines east china sea korean area following end war november steamed west_coast arriving november panama canal arrived new_york_city december decommissioned january sold scrap received battle stars service world war


uss illinois uss illinois pre dreadnought battleship built united_states_navy lead ship illinois class second ship navy named 21st state keel laid february newport news dry dock company launched october commissioned september ship armed main battery inch guns speed knots mph illinois served european squadron north_atlantic fleet time renamed atlantic fleet time accidentally collided battleships december february globe great white fleet november ship training ship lent state new_york use training vessel new_york state militia ship converted floating result washington naval treaty guise served thirty years january renamed prairie state reclassified given illinois projected iowa class battleship prairie state ultimately sold scrap description illinois feet long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons load ship powered shaft triple expansion steam engines rated indicated horsepower coal fired fire tube boilers generating speed knots mph built fitted heavy military masts replaced cage masts crew officers enlisted men increased armed main battery caliber guns guns twin gun turrets centerline forward aft secondary battery consisted fourteen caliber mark guns placed casemates hull close range defense torpedo boats carried sixteen pounder guns mounted casemates hull pounder guns standard capital ships period illinois carried torpedo tubes deck mounted launchers illinois main armored belt thick magazines machinery spaces main battery gun turrets inch thick faces supporting barbettes armor plating exposed sides armor thick protected secondary battery conning tower thick sides service history illinois laid february newport news dry dock company newport news virginia launched october sponsored miss nancy daughter chicago multi millionaire commissioned september ship commander captain george illinois member class authorized enter service commissioning ship began cruise chesapeake_bay followed initial training left area november test new floating dry dock louisiana ship newport news january served briefly flagship rear admiral evans february period took reception prince henry prussia brother german kaiser april flying flag rear admiral illinois departed tour europe stopped naples italy took command european squadron illinois took training exercises ceremonial duties european waters months july ran aground outside oslo norway steam britain repairs carried chatham left port september maneuvers rest fleet mediterranean south atlantic january illinois reassigned north_atlantic fleet remained years time occupied peacetime training exercises gunnery practice ceremonial activities period involved accidents battleships north_atlantic fleet took place march collided missouri second collision occurred july took place sister ship alabama year illinois ship win cup ship significant action cruise great white fleet world started naval review president roosevelt roads december fleet steamed roads cruised south caribbean south_america making stops port spain rio_de_janeiro arenas cities arriving mexico march fleet spent weeks conducting gunnery practice fleet resumed voyage pacific_coast americas stopping san_francisco seattle crossing pacific australia stopping hawaii way stops south pacific included melbourne sydney leaving australia fleet turned north philippines stopping manila continuing japan welcoming ceremony held weeks exercises followed bay philippines november ships passed singapore december entered indian_ocean proceeding suez_canal port said egypt american fleet received word earthquake sicily illinois battleship connecticut supply ship sent assist relief effort fleet called mediterranean ports stopping gibraltar international fleet british russian french dutch warships greeted americans ships crossed atlantic return roads february having traveled nautical miles conducted naval review roosevelt august illinois decommissioned boston ship underwent major modernization receiving new cage masts modern equipment spent years active service fleet decommissioned april returned service november major training maneuvers atlantic fleet illinois training cruises europe naval academy decommissioned philadelphia navy yard october loaned new_york naval militia training purposes washington naval treaty mandated significant reductions naval strength stipulated illinois rendered incapable action result converted floating new_york navy yard assigned new_york naval reserve january ship reclassified renamed prairie state new battleship illinois laid week later world war served naval reserve school based new_york end war prairie state kept barracks ship naval reserve unit december old ship stricken subsequently towed baltimore sold scrap steel company silver service november illinois presented silver service dining set provided state illinois presented senator william mason consisted large small punch bowl fruit dish small fruit dish dishes large centerpiece item featured crest illinois ear corn silver service transferred illinois executive mansion


brien class destroyer brien class destroyers class ships designed built united_states_navy shortly united_states entered world war brien class classes destroyers known thousand destroyers long tons displacement design brien class result discussions general board united_states_navy navy bureau ordnance resulted design development class similar thousand class displaced preceding class key difference brien class increase torpedo size going inches preceding classes inch torpedoes ships median displacement long tons feet length beam feet ships direct drive steam turbines combination engines cruising speeds knots ships designed maximum speed knots built armed inch guns twin inch torpedo tubes load torpedoes later equipped depth charges ships built private american shipyards bath iron works fore river company new_york corporation william sons laid september november launched april february commissioned navy june august ships operated atlantic caribbean entrance world war april sent overseas ireland convoy escort duties ships rescued passengers crew ships sunk boats encounters boats helped sink november boat sunk navy members class returned united_states january decommissioned june commissioned united_states_coast_guard help enforce prohibition patrol returned navy custody respectively ships sold scrapping june background fiscal year general board united_states_navy determined destroyers authorized design destroyers brien class closely follow design classes fiscal year chief navy bureau ordnance suggested new destroyers equipped torpedo tubes urged new inch torpedo adopted general board agreed principle adopting inch torpedo tubes eliminated proposed centerline torpedo tubes keeping number tubes classes additional weight larger torpedoes long tons weight offset reducing planned aft facing guns single gave class inch guns matched battery classes design brien class approved august authorized congress march design built brien class ships feet inches length overall feet inches standard draft feet inches hull shape featured distinctive high forecastle typical destroyer classes smith class destroyers designed truly ocean going vessels ships displaced long tons median long tons ships equipped propeller shafts direct drive steam turbines fed white boilers power plant ships generated shaft horsepower drive ships design speed knots inherent turbines low speeds ships equipped supplemental cruising engines travel speeds knots equipped supplemental triple expansion engines brien pair engines cruising outfitted instead engines equipped pair geared steam turbines cruising main battery brien class consisted inch mark guns gun weighing excess pounds guns fired pound armor piercing projectiles feet second elevation guns range yards brien ships equipped twin inch torpedo tubes total load mark torpedoes general board called anti aircraft guns brien class originally outfitted weapons later class american destroyer class armed likewise record brien ships outfitted laying apparatus world war american destroyers anti submarine warfare roles equipped depth charges delivery systems guns depth charge racks brien class ships equipped depth charges war specific mentions types depth charges delivery system recorded secondary sources comparisons thousand thousand united_states_navy destroyers classes brien tucker named navy destroyers greater long tons class thousand displaced preceding class introduction thousand led older smaller displacement destroyers previous classes called nickname commonly applied ford model brien class classes thousand earlier class ships length brien ships median range long tons later class ships feet longer median long tons classes armed inch guns torpedo size complement varied equipped twin torpedo tubes loaded torpedoes triple tubes carrying torpedoes classes armed inch torpedoes brien ships armed inch mark torpedoes tucker ships inch torpedoes group originally equipped anti aircraft guns pair pounder guns caliber construction construction brien class ships allocated william constructed trio brien destroyers fore river company bath iron works new_york corporation built ship ships laid july november launched april january commissioned june months launch rest commissioned april august final ship enter service cost ship hull machinery ships class members class served atlantic caribbean navy careers october united_states neutral world war class members destroyers sent rescue survivors ships torpedoed german submarine united_states entered war april class members sent overseas ireland convoy escort anti submarine duties group american destroyers arrived followed second group arrived thirteen days later brien group week ships encounters boats war working november helped sink boat sunk navy earlier june brien depth charged thought british admiralty seriously damaged boat post war analysis records showed survived attack returned safely port ships returned united_states january served roles years decommissioned august followed remaining following month june ships reactivated service united_states_coast_guard patrol returned navy june sold scrapping brien sold scrapping remaining june uss brien uss brien destroyer laid william sons philadelphia september launched july ship second navy vessel named honor brien brothers john william dennis joseph sloop unity captured british warship american revolutionary war brien commissioning sailed east_coast caribbean destroyers sent rescue survivors victims german submarine october united_states entered world war april brien sent overseas patrol irish sea ireland returning united_states january brien returned european waters serve picket ships type aerial crossing atlantic brien decommissioned philadelphia june struck naval vessel register march sold scrapping april uss uss destroyer laid william sons philadelphia september launched august ship second navy vessel named honor members family gave distinguished service american revolutionary war war american_civil_war brothers james samuel john william son john james grandson samuel april commissioning sailed east_coast caribbean united_states entered world war april sent overseas patrol irish sea ireland october steamed rescue driving german submarine shelled american cargo ship hours november destroyer responsible sinking german submarine submarine taken forces war september helped drive boat torpedoed american mount coast france returning united_states war placed reduced commission november decommissioned philadelphia struck naval vessel register january sold scrapping june uss uss destroyer laid william sons philadelphia october launched february ship second navy vessel named honor john navy officer notable sinking confederate commerce alabama american_civil_war august commissioning sailed east_coast caribbean destroyers sent rescue survivors victims german submarine october united_states entered world war april sent overseas patrol irish sea ireland unsuccessful attacks boats rescued survivors ships sunk german craft returning united_states war placed reduced commission december decommissioned philadelphia june november dropped free new destroyer known struck naval vessel register january sold scrapping june uss uss destroyer laid bath iron works bath maine july launched april ship second navy vessel named honor david navy officer notable leadership battle japan command wyoming june commissioning sailed east_coast caribbean destroyers sent rescue survivors victims german submarine october carried crewmen sunken dutch cargo ship newport rhode_island united_states entered world war april destroyer squadron sent overseas patrolling irish sea ireland unsuccessful attacks boats rescued survivors ships sunk german craft collision british cargo ship february repair mid july operated brest france returning united_states war conducted operations destroyers atlantic fleet august placed reserve commission brief stint operations mid placed reserve decommissioned philadelphia june transferred united_states_coast_guard help enforce prohibition patrol operated returned navy november dropped free new destroyer known struck naval vessel register july sold scrapping august uss uss destroyer laid fore river company massachusetts september launched january ship second navy vessel named honor william navy officer best known sinking confederate ironclad warship american_civil_war august commissioning sailed east_coast caribbean destroyers sent rescue survivors victims german submarine october united_states entered world war april sent overseas patrol irish sea ireland unsuccessful attacks boats rescued survivors ships sunk german craft returning united_states war placed reserve reduced commission decommissioned philadelphia august struck naval vessel register january sold scrapping june uss uss destroyer laid new_york new_jersey november launched august following year ship second navy vessel named honor john swedish born builder ironclad warship uss monitor american_civil_war commissioning sailed east_coast caribbean destroyers sent rescue survivors victims german submarine october carried passengers sunken british ocean liner newport rhode_island united_states entered world war april destroyer squadron sent overseas patrolling irish sea ireland unsuccessful attacks boats rescued survivors ships sunk german craft returning united state war conducted operations destroyers atlantic fleet august placed reserve commission brief stint operations mid placed reserve decommissioned philadelphia june june transferred united_states_coast_guard help enforce prohibition patrol operated returned navy sold scrap august


uss brien uss brien destroyer lead ship brien class destroyers built united_states_navy prior american entry world war ship second navy vessel named honor brien brothers john william dennis joseph sloop unity captured british warship american revolutionary war brien laid william sons philadelphia september launched july commissioning brien sailed east_coast caribbean seventeen destroyers sent rescue survivors victims german submarine october united_states entered world war april brien sent overseas patrol irish sea ireland returning united_states january brien revisited european waters serve picket ships type aerial crossing atlantic brien decommissioned philadelphia june struck naval vessel register march sold scrapping april design construction brien authorized march lead ship brien class improved version class destroyers authorized construction vessel awarded william sons philadelphia laid keel september july brien launched sponsor miss campbell great great granddaughter brien ship brothers john william dennis joseph crewmen aboard sloop unity command brother brien vessel captured hms june american revolutionary war destroyer brien named brothers second navy vessel named honor built destroyer length drew ship standard displacement long tons displaced long tons fully loaded brien steam turbines drove screw propellers additional pair triple expansion steam engines connected propeller shafts cruising purposes oil burning white boilers powered engines generate shaft horsepower moving ship knots brien main battery consisted caliber mark guns gun weighing excess guns fired armor piercing projectiles elevation guns range brien equipped twin torpedo tubes general board united_states_navy called anti aircraft guns brien class ships provisions laying floating mines sources unclear recommendations followed brien ships class pre world war brien commissioned united_states_navy command lieutenant commander conducted cruise newport rhode_island roads virginia fleet exercises new_york november brien collided destroyer minor incident carried away wireless gear december assigned 5th division torpedo flotilla atlantic fleet early spring operated fleet east_coast cuban waters october wireless reports came german submarine stopping ships near eastern end long_island british steamer west_point received rear admiral albert ordered brien destroyers newport attend survivors american destroyers arrived scene boat command rose process stopping holland america line cargo ship shortly stopped british passenger ship rose ships sunk earlier day gave passengers crew aboard adequate time abandon ships sinking pair total survivors victims rescued destroyer flotilla february brien gun crews hit target times attempts destroyer guns feat earned crew brien recognition independent weekly published boston world war returning winter maneuvers cuba march ship york river united_states declared war germany april entering world war fitting brooklyn navy yard got underway new_york joined convoy halifax nova_scotia route ireland arrival brien assigned 6th destroyer division british forces patrolled irish coast company destroyers answering distress calls meeting eastbound convoys escort war zone escorting nmi june brien sighted heading submarine attack saw submerged boat pass close starboard depth charge dropped immediate evidence damage found nearly hours later british vessel hms reported large patch oil approximately position morning reported confirmed report british admiralty believed submarine probably seriously damaged later investigation reveals german submarine submarine question continued operate completed cruise summer brien transferred french coast continued patrols end war inter war period signing armistice november ended fighting brien transported mail passengers brest france plymouth england returned new_york january returned european waters served rescue stationed route atlantic flown navy type aerial crossing atlantic assisted unsuccessful attempt lay channel pilot cable july assigned hull code navy classification system brien decommissioned philadelphia june ship struck naval vessel register march broken philadelphia navy yard materials sold scrap april ship bell remains memorial chapel air_force base


uss uss class attack cargo ship built moore dry dock company oakland california united_states_navy world war ship named honor county north_carolina keel laid ship launched july commissioned october ship operated pacific war participant amphibious landings february okinawa april japan surrender august tokyo bay signing japanese instrument surrender september ship delivering troops occupation japan returning united_states january spending year east_coast ordered pacific november took operation navy expedition antarctica january named ship honor spending decade duties western pacific decommissioned march placed reserve washington reactivated aftermath berlin crisis recommissioned november october cuban missile crisis sailed support blockade cuba april intervention dominican_republic carried quarter santo domingo january blown storm chesapeake_bay bridge tunnel closed structure weeks ship decommissioned final time january struck naval vessel register january stripped materials ship sunk artificial reef north_carolina coast ship intact rests starboard depth feet design construction laid maritime commission contract hull moore dry dock company oakland california ship launched july sponsored miss built feet long feet fully loaded displacement long tons drew little feet powered single steam turbine capable generating shaft horsepower attained speed knots trials equipped carry landing craft designed land vehicles amphibious landings landing craft personnel large landing craft vehicle personnel boats outfitted primarily defensive weapons inch caliber dual purpose gun mount twin millimeter anti aircraft gun mounts sixteen millimeter gun mounts world war ship commissioned uss october command commander edward rice fitting san_francisco california received boat group landing craft conducted cruise san california post alterations repairs san_diego california sailed san_francisco load cargo november sailed pearl harbor day assigned transport division transport squadron arrival december remaining pearl harbor january departed elements cargo 5th marine division task group support invasion stops fuel supplies invasion rehearsals ship arrived february day initial landing continuous operations days battle lost landing craft enemy mortar fire heavy surf received minor damage collided pensacola transferring inch ammunition heavy cruiser february tactical situation ashore improved sufficiently anchored red beach general cargo time ship hit long range mortar shell suffered casualties crew slowed nightly air raids high surf required cargo completed unloading march cargo ship sailed transports pair screening destroyers santo rejoined squadron mates embarking 27th infantry division okinawa sailed march designated mobile reserve invasion okinawa group headed planned stop took disabled tow delivered vessel detached arrived april days battle commenced receiving orders anchored beaches 12th days unloading crew hampered japanese air raids delayed according ship commander hours attacks number millimetres mount claimed sure assist oscar fighter crashed yards ship despite delays caused air attacks attack cargo ship group finish unloading sailed independently 16th stay okinawa beaches ship lost boats suffered casualties men wounded broke arm short rest recreation stop guam rejoined squadron underwent boiler repairs intensive training crew won numerous case beer prizes shooting target getting underway spent months men rear area bases calling admiralty islands new_guinea dutch new_guinea finally island philippines rejoined san bay gulf july sailed rest division island conduct amphibious training exercises united_states_army 43rd infantry division philippines word japanese surrender came august took provisions training exercises planned invasion japan cancelled arriving philippines embarked elements 1st cavalry division slated occupation japan completing loading process august weighed anchor 25th member task force ships turn tropical storm vicinity typhoon delayed task force day ships fringes storm bay getting underway soon entered tokyo bay morning september day japan signed formal articles surrender deck battleship missouri anchored shortly conclusion ceremonies attack cargo ship headed harbor ship squadron enter port start unloading ship completed unloading hours proceeded anchorage world war service awarded battle stars post war squadron departed september steamed gulf commenced loading elements army 41st infantry division september sisters shifted soon picked army assembled gulf september group included sailed japan inland sea difficulties landings scheduled hiroshima area postponed task group sailed instead bay okinawa september ship sea evade typhoon october returned anchored bay days later headed japanese waters entered 5th beginning long difficult passage inland sea channel swept minefields morning spending night anchored cleared channel headed landings ship completed unloading hours october detached reported assignment following day rode typhoon chain deck second anchor ready steam throttle attack cargo ship remaining rest squadron sent united_states october headed instead french embark chinese troops day delay officers men regiment 62nd chinese army interpreter boarded american vessel passage arrival chinese troops november sailing manila received orders proceed united_states november year day sailed san_francisco took capacity load army navy men returning united_states discharge departed manila harbor november voyage flew foot bound pennant adorned stars stop pearl harbor boiler repairs army passengers sailed panama canal zone reaching day year ship transit panama canal january cleared canal zone bound louisiana brief stop new_orleans attack cargo ship proceeded jacksonville florida norfolk arrived january month later february sailed farther north reached philadelphia naval shipyard following day months underwent regular overhaul operated eastern western atlantic time called new_jersey bermuda san_juan puerto_rico bay cuba canal zone jacksonville florida return calls norfolk bermuda addition ship visited new_york naval shipyard rhode_island assigned tentatively effective november operation compliance new orders proceeded west_coast sailing panama canal arriving san california reported duty reassigned pacific fleets service force san_francisco november day shifted port california began loading cargo operation navy expedition antarctica departing port december pressed southward headed antarctica spent christmas sea days later saw visible evidence entering polar latitudes sighted northern limit pack ice 28th spent days investigating ice conditions fueled uss nautical miles south scott island antarctica ship conduct underway circle way pack ice ensuing weeks finally arrived bay antarctica shelf ice january subsequently departing port february area north ice attack cargo ship entered pack ice 9th days pressed extended width nautical miles february joined included coast guard attack cargo ship week ships riding fierce storm justified sailors title world sea reached port new_zealand february departed port march bound subsequently departing march bound hawaii tow attack cargo ship arrived pearl harbor april soon got underway west_coast united_states reached port disembarked unit construction battalion discharged cargo duty completed reported duty service division shortly shifted san heading terminal island california restricted availability period repairs alterations returned port load cargo shipment pearl harbor guam korean war decade operated west_coast ports advanced bases western pacific including ports japan korea philippines period supported united_nations actions korea operating support initial attempts fight north korean advance early final phases activity preceded armistice summer awarded battle stars korean war service december having served continuously san_francisco placed commission march entered reserve fleet washington october aftermath berlin crisis reactivated president john kennedy bid build navy november recommissioned portland oregon captain gordon command ship departed san_diego january reached norfolk new assigned home port february newest member amphibious squadron months took variety exercises maneuvers participated operation spring operating roosevelt roads puerto_rico later paid port charlotte thomas virgin islands returned roosevelt roads equipment embarked marines slated return city north_carolina subsequently returning norfolk touched briefly charleston south_carolina additional landing craft returning region spend remainder subsequently visiting boston maine participated amphibious boat exercises massachusetts got underway july rhode_island loaded unit equipment headed eastward bound spain unit briefly gibraltar touching lisbon return leg voyage united_states unloading equipment headed norfolk reaching august october sailed norfolk proceeded city load marines equipment operation amphibious brigade exercises slated puerto_rico arrival attack cargo ship loaded immediately set join rest ships squadron soon fighting way hurricane caused alter course avoid severe storm cuban missile crisis dominican_republic operations october president kennedy ordered naval cuba response presence soviet missiles soil island nation sortied support american operations caribbean remained station missiles removed tensions relaxed years regular deployments mediterranean joint exercises nato forces april ordered dominican_republic support operation power pack code united_states intervention dominican_republic attack cargo ship arrived santo domingo capital city april loaded nearly nations board ship daughter william bennett united_states ambassador dominican_republic belgian ambassador dominican_republic sixteen dominican order large families officers crew vacated quarters allow room female passengers children slept decks ship passage san_juan puerto_rico passengers gave birth short trip gave son middle honor ship passengers san_juan ship took supplies needed american ground forces santo domingo gasoline oil ammunition docked santo domingo exchanged cargo taken san_juan carried quarter fleeing dominican_republic returned norfolk soon resumed role training cruising eastern caribbean basin january redesignated chesapeake_bay bridge tunnel incident end career headlines anchor near stretch chesapeake_bay bridge tunnel near norfolk january driven winds snowy gale miles hour dragged anchors hit bridge knocking service weeks navy started free shuttle service normally route helicopters fortunately vehicles bridge time collision injured sources report damage incident damages suffered easily repaired ship deployed mediterranean months later return united_states entered inactive status norfolk october year ship decommissioned norfolk january entered james river area national defense reserve fleet stricken naval vessel register january vessel remained james river fleet august withdrawn stripped useful equipment navy entered fleet year later august withdrawn final time december prepared sinking artificial reef sunk artificial reef city north_carolina rests starboard depth feet


uss henry uss henry transport united_states_navy world war referred uss uss navy service henry united_states_army transport ship launch world war military service known henry lines pressed service world war war shipping administration torpedoed german submarine north_atlantic ocean sank loss men half board world war henry built newport news drydock newport news virginia yard delivered steamship line october named lines president henry operated new_orleans new_york route carrying passengers freight army service united_states declared war germany april united_states_army needing transports men france select committee shipping executives american shipping committee selected henry thirteen american ships sufficiently fast carry fuel crossings importantly port far sea henry discharged load passengers cargo officially handed army ships acquired troop transportation undertaken ships hastily refitted fourteen ships including henry designated carry human passengers designated animal ships ships designated carry troops class accommodations ripped replaced troops cooking toilet facilities greatly expanded handle large numbers men aboard gun platforms installed ship docking brooklyn navy yard guns installed ships manned merchant officers crews carried navy officers navy gun crews wireless operators senior navy officer board control ship came attack american convoy carrying units american expeditionary force broken groups henry group san finland escorts consisting cruiser charleston armed destroyers allen preston henry departed group june brest france steaming knot pace thwarted submarine attack convoy group reports heavy submarine activity brest resulted change convoy destination saint return france henry sailed 5th convoy july 7th convoy september 12th convoy november sailed new_york point new_jersey january henry transport sail newport news port loaded squadrons sailed january departing march 24th convoy henry began journey army charter arriving france march landing troops henry began return united_states army transport navy transport mercury april german submarine fired torpedoes group maneuvers ships hit timely gunfire targeting sub seen threat arriving united_states april henry handed navy navy transport duties problems crew discipline aboard army transports antilles finland torpedoed navy led recommendations rear admiral albert insisted troop transports manned entirely navy personnel accomplished soon avoid need called ignorant unreliable men docks accordingly henry handed navy april commissioned april official change command vessel little change henry sailed convoy navy command april continued carrying troops france making additional trips armistice november henry carried troops france fighting end task bringing home american soldiers began immediately henry carrying home healthy wounded men seven henry returned navy voyage august returned lines following day world war early stages world war united_states war shipping administration henry use civilian manned july remaining operation owners inc began operation army schedules july sailed new_york belfast return new_york august way boston sailed saint john newfoundland sydney nova_scotia halifax returning new_york october sailing boston newport rhode_island henry departed new_york convoy headed liverpool halifax january crew board henry consisted officers crewmen naval armed guards manned guns deck board passengers consisting civilians army marine_corps navy convoy consisted ships escorts sailed near iceland kriegsmarine boats attacked convoy repeatedly day period boats participated ultimately sinking allied ships including henry boats lost february traveling station convoy henry hit torpedo launched german submarine nautical miles south southwest iceland hit number hold starboard ship began settling stern listing port sank henry successfully launched holding men men jumped overboard water ships convoy aware american destroyer searching survivors convoy sunken rescue ship sunk hours earlier saw lights denied permission investigate survivors found coast guard cutter hours later fate henry clear rescued men later died coast guard cutter rescued later died dead ship master crewmen armed guards passengers


uss philadelphia philadelphia referred contemporary documents continental navy manned continental_army soldiers fleet command general arnold fought october battle island larger royal_navy fleet lake american boats battle damaged battle philadelphia actually sunk day days following main battle boats american fleet sunk burned captured vessels american revolutionary war raised amateur military marine archaeologist located remains standing upright lake raised bequeathed institution philadelphia associated artifacts permanent collection national museum american history washington curator philip responsible arranging initial display vessel listed national_register_of_historic_places national historic landmark background american revolutionary war began april battles lexington concord widened september continental_army embarked invasion british province quebec province viewed second continental congress potential avenue british forces attack divide rebellious colonies time lightly defended invasion reached peak december battle quebec ended disaster americans spring british german troops arrived quebec general guy provincial governor drove continental_army quebec fort launched offensive intended reach hudson_river length begins south lake extends new_york_city control upper hudson enable british link forces quebec new_york recently captured new_york campaign major general william howe strategy separate american colonies new_england farther south potentially rebellion ships lake following american retreat quebec small fleet lightly armed ships arnold assembled following capture fort fleet british hands small transport large british_army fort fleet development retreat quebec americans carefully took destroyed ships lake prove useful british arnold troops making rear guard army abandoned fort saint jean burned sank boats use set fire fort actions effectively denied british hope immediately moving lake sides set building fleets british saint jean americans end lake present day new_york planning quebec defenses general anticipated problem transportation lake requested ships europe planning british able assemble fleet significantly americans total british fleet armed vessels firepower americans vessels guns smaller american guns american effort overseen possibly relation major general philip managed military engineer baldwin began work april produce boats larger suitable combat small shallow draft boats known transport lake process eventually came involve general arnold experienced ship captain david connecticut militia leader maritime experience major general gates charge overall defense lake eventually asked arnold responsibility effort marine affairs construction philadelphia philadelphia called contemporary documents constructed laid early july launched mid august constructed primarily oak larger long beam featured single foot mast square rigged sail mounted cannons pounder facing forward pounders facing port starboard respectively mounting points swivel guns estimated displace long tons short tons late construction general arnold ordered aft deck raised order accommodate mortar modification apparently mortar exploded test firing fort order maintain ballast rocks probably aft portion boat mortar removed relative comfort crew boat canvas aft mast probably sides musket fire aimed boat service history philadelphia placed service captain rice shortly completed late august general arnold assembled fleet cruised northern stretches lake september anticipation larger british fleet arrival stationed ships bay separating western shore lake island forces clashed october philadelphia command benjamin formation arnold established early hour fight gun schooner uss royal savage ran aground burned dusk british guns philadelphia pound shot soon sank darkness ended action arnold able slip away night remaining ships burned sunk captured days british pursued sea trials replica philadelphia lake maritime museum determined boat particularly contemporary accounts sailing vessels include reports waters lake blown wind needed safe shelter winds high raising wreck 1930s veteran world war history buff began searching remains battle found remains royal savage hull successfully raised followed discovery royal savage discovery philadelphia remains sitting upright lake raised year addition guns hull hundreds items recovered vessel relics included shot cooking tools buttons human bones philadelphia exhibited locations lake hudson_river long term display exeter new_york spent years searching ships arnold fleet raised funding structure house find royal savage fell boat remains eventually ruined neglect looting wake failure approached institution preserve philadelphia bequeathed associated artifacts organization according times remains suffered damage time water boat artifacts permanent collection national museum american history washington listed national_register_of_historic_places designated national historic landmark remains condition wood iron fittings continued signs deterioration despite attempts stabilize underwater wreck located survey lake maritime museum years later identified


hms hms converted warship american revolution serving transport north american waters purchased royal_navy modified shore bombardment duties instrumental eventual british success siege fort mifflin year supported british operations georgia south_carolina heavy armament proved designed handle condemned disposed description service built ship named grand russia chartered navy board serve transport beginning modified dockyard february ship surveyed found barque rigged tons size survey new_york years later gave length measured keel beam naval historian quotes length feet inches beam grand russia departed boston massachusetts carrying marines march remained north american waters years vice admiral lord howe commander north american station informed admiralty april purchased grand russia commissioned hms bombard targets ashore ship received fourteen pounder guns gun ship pounder pounder guns hospital prison ship jersey additional gun ports cut allow guns switched broadside guns men crew crews howe flagship rate eagle fourth rate preston marines drawn marine brigade halifax conversion completed end june task cover evacuation british troops perth new_jersey july following month served howe flagship landed british troops maryland northern end chesapeake_bay philadelphia campaign october ship sailed mouth delaware river attack american fortifications defending philadelphia voyage rolled badly heavy weather round shot fell guns later decided sea guns mounted summer months designed carry heavy weights pound pounders high ship cutting gun ports sides weakened structure attack fort mifflin october disaster british ships run aground burnt second attack weeks later crew reinforced extra men work guns suppress defenders fort attack ship sides reinforced guns transferred starboard ship trim maintained placing water port ships bombarded fort main channel smaller ship worked way secondary channel rear fort able silence fort guns americans evacuated hours later despite ship small arms fire attack lost men killed wounded hull hit times rigging shot pieces recognition ship success commander lieutenant john henry promoted command frigate generally inactive british occupied philadelphia sailed new_york_city british evacuated city june joined small british squadron approach french squadron command july french declined engage british ships ship accompanied british squadron newport rhode_island attempted lift franco american siege badly damaged storm interrupted planned battle august despite damage supported british troops august pursued retreating americans abandoned siege french ships sailed boston repairs days later september ship collided sloop war raven british raid new london connecticut bow ship quickly repaired new_york participated attack little egg harbor river october beginning december ship sailed new_york savannah georgia assist attack city despite main armament ship pumps running continuously voyage prevent sinking arrived savannah december british secured city pounder guns ordered removed reclassified gun armed transport december supported british operations coasts georgia south_carolina despite running aground times lacking substantial repairs time ship condition deteriorated crew refused sea south_carolina february support planned siege charleston surveyed condemned utterly unfit sea decommissioned april crew armament loaded aboard transport margaret martha taken charleston transferred transport purchased renamed sandwich serve replacement ship burnt later year


new_york class battleship new_york class battleship class ships designed constructed united_states_navy ships class new_york texas saw extensive service beginning occupation veracruz world war world war designed heavily armed improvement previous wyoming class new_york class battleship feature inch caliber gun battleship classes designed features including turret layout coal fuel class suffered deficiencies lack anti aircraft weaponry armor layout addressed subsequent nevada class deficiencies ships saw extensive course careers greatly changed profiles new_york texas entered service immediately served occupation veracruz service reinforcing royal_navy grand_fleet north_sea world war time new_york believed sunk boat accidental collision ships undertook numerous training exercises interwar era joined neutrality patrol beginning world war advanced battleships service ships served primarily convoy escorts naval artillery war new_york supported operation torch north_africa undertook convoy patrols training atlantic supported battle battle okinawa texas supported operation torch operation overlord bombardment operation battles okinawa following war new_york target ship operation crossroads sunk target texas converted museum ship remains permanently moored san state park today background new_york class fifth separate classes planned united_states_navy total battleships battlecruisers virtually entire american battle line designed pre dreadnought experience observation foreign designs design new_york class battleship originated newport conference resulted new method battleship design general board taking active role design process ships navy board construction implement design instead creating new_york class designed board construction lessons learned class allowed general board lead following nevada class battleships newport conference established general consensus leaders navy ships carry larger batteries response increasing caliber battleships countries notably inch naval gun introduced royal_navy class german_navy shift guns debate time florida class battleships laid carry heavier armament inch caliber mark gun ultimately march congress approved construction design battleships known battleship inch turrets general board selected inch designs wyoming class time general board began planning class ships april decided battleships similar sizes debate main guns approval battleships granted june senate naval affairs committee suggested reducing size ships budget reduction secretary navy george von fought original design ships altered class generally referred new_york class occasionally called texas class new_york completed months sister texas design general characteristics designed ships standard displacement long tons load displacement long tons length overall waterline beam draft feet inches ships underwent significant changes increases armor armament operational lives following fourth final refit new_york increased displacement long tons standard long tons load final refit texas came displaced long tons standard long tons load designed ships crew complement consisted officers enlisted men texas carrying officers enlisted men addition crews additional weapons new complement marines armament main battery class consisted inch caliber guns twin turrets designated constructed turrets elevation degrees increased degrees overhaul class feature turret mounted amidships navy bureau ordnance successfully designed tested inch naval gun gun proved remarkable accuracy pattern new_york class fifth class dreadnought battleship design created work started sixth design nevada class dreadnought class battleship hit water stage building design virtually entire navy battle line designed drawing experience pre dreadnought designs observation foreign battleship designs built ships carried inch caliber guns stern primarily defense destroyers torpedo boats inch guns poor accuracy rough seas mounted near ends ship main deck ships designed anti aircraft defense mind development naval aviation seen class new_york class battleship mount anti aircraft guns inch caliber guns mounted platforms boat cranes texas secondary armament reduced inch caliber guns guns near ends ship difficult work kind sea ships refitted defense increased inch caliber guns remaining inch guns relocated higher ship new casemates main deck new_york class initially featured torpedo tubes port bow stern starboard bow stern bliss mark torpedo instead previous advances torpedo performance increasing prominence weapon torpedo rooms held torpedoes total plus naval defense mines torpedo tubes removed refit magazine machinery spaces enclosed protected hull magazine volume reduced increased machinery magazine shells charges shells carried turrets handling rooms inch caliber guns quadruple mounts added improve light armament ships extensively refitted large amounts light guns expense inch caliber guns attack pearl harbor shown pre war light armament inadequate inch mounts removed guns added quadruple mounts later increased guns guns single mounts added inch gun armament increased guns inch gun armament reduced guns armor ships continued armor suite wyoming class minor improvements deck armor scheme continue remain distinctly inferior succeeding nevada class armor scheme leap forward range provided improved fire control envisioned time include current design ship provided belt tapering armor internal new_york class incorporate armored central plotting room decks atop protective deck enclosed thin box splinter armor armor new_york class consisted belt armor inches thick lower casemates armor upper armor deck armor thick turret armor inches face inches sides rear armor barbettes inches conning towers protected inches armor inches armor tops armor totaled long tons short tons upper long tons short tons lower long tons short tons belt long tons short tons bulkheads long tons short tons splinter deck long tons short tons barbettes long tons short tons conning tower total protection long tons short tons propulsion ships powered coal fired boilers driving dual acting triple expansion steam engines shp producing maximum speed mph range nmi mph initially designs called percent increase power shp shp preceding class discovered greater efficiency engine allowed reduction installed power needing shp knots new_york class final class battleship powered coal class designed carry long tons coal battleship class succeeding battleships nevada class designed fuel oil mind ships converted carry fuel oil capacity long tons oil new bureau express oil fired boilers replaced older design coal fired boilers time loss power construction funding battleships authorized june act called ships cost act specified new labor policies construction strict limits labor hours working conditions shipyard employees bids battleship texas september battleship new_york built new_york navy yard bids opened december ultimately newport news company won contract bid battleship began construction april launched completed march battleship laid september launched october completed april new_york class considered obsolete compared battleships service ships received complete refit battleships service including utah florida converted training ships scrapped new_york texas chosen overhauled increase speed armor armament propulsion systems accordance washington naval treaty additional long tons added defense aerial targets submarines coal fired boilers replaced bureau express oil fired boilers twin funnels aft forward superstructure fitted place masts atop forward control tower installed tower built amidships contained additional fire control backup system foremast new aircraft catapult installed atop turret number cranes installed funnel boat aircraft handling additional deck protection added ship beam widened ships fitted anti torpedo maneuvering harder low speeds rolled badly gunfire accuracy reduced rough seas service history uss new_york shortly commissioning new_york flagship united_states occupation veracruz world war flagship battleship division commanded rear admiral hugh sent reinforce british grand_fleet north_sea conducted blockade escort duties twice came contact german boats believed accidentally sunk returned united_states end war began taking patrol training duties new_york fitted radar february including united_states single antenna send receive neutrality patrol following outbreak world war september spent beginning war escorting convoys new_york iceland saw action supporting operation torch allied invasion north_africa targeted shore batteries threatening landings november remained convoy patrol training years moved pacific fleet late war supported landings february later invasion okinawa april lightly damaged attack battle following war target ship operation crossroads subsequently studied effects sunk target uss texas texas participated occupation veracruz months conducting training upgrades ship navy mount anti aircraft weapons conducted convoy patrols early world war ship fire german convoy mission joined battleships reinforcing british fleet near end war present german surrender inter war period battleships launch operate aircraft frequently alternated time atlantic pacific waters training exercises neutrality patrol beginning world war supported allied landings north_africa conducted convoy patrol duty north african european ports june supported operation overlord covering allied landings beaches normandy france particular battle hoc later month june supported bombardment damaged hit german artillery shell july moved support operation allied invasion southern france following extensive repairs training moved pacific supported invasion february moved support landings okinawa april following end war texas decommissioned moved san state park converted museum ship remains today


uss uss member class steel twin screw united_states_navy late 19th early 20th centuries navy ship named honor town vermont site battle american revolutionary war contract build awarded philadelphia november hull delaware river iron engine works laid keel june launched june feet long feet displaced long tons equipped steam engines supplemented schooner rigged masts ship main battery consisted inch guns augmented assortment smaller caliber guns june commissioning attached squadron evolution cruise south_america mediterranean tours assigned duties pacific sailed pacific coasts north central_america spent time hawaiian islands protect american interests way support united_states_army operations philippine american war claimed wake island united_states years philippines returned united_states decommissioned months repairs march commissioning years spent patrolling pacific coasts north south_america july san_diego california suffered boiler explosion killed men injured nearly board shortly explosion beached ship prevent sinking men awarded medal honor extraordinary heroism aftermath explosion refloated damage deemed extensive repair ship decommissioned september ship sold scrap instead served water barge line honolulu scuttled coast design construction class unofficially considered class cruisers product united_states_navy design attempt produce compact ships good abilities able carry heavy battery authorized fiscal year contract construction awarded chester pennsylvania hull delaware river iron engine works built navy bureau construction repair design mechanical design patterned layout older sister ship developed william sons keel laid june ship launched june sponsored anne daughter rear admiral chief engineer navy layout built feet inches length feet steel hull average draft feet expected ability escape larger ships shallow water waterline deck steel formed watertight seal lower spaces deck crown level waterline curved downwards feet waterline sides ship armored deck compartments separated watertight bulkheads spaces equipped watertight doors intended closed battle armored deck forecastle decks open gun deck spanned length ship conning tower located forward forecastle deck oval shaped shot outfitted steam powered ship wheel engine order telegraph speaking tubes protected inches steel armor plate propulsion powered triple expansion steam engines drove pair foot bladed screw propellers cylinders engine inches diameter inch stroke engine rated indicated horsepower designed ship knots ship exceeded trials topping knots engines situated separate watertight compartments fed pair coal fired boilers boiler horizontally mounted feet inches diameter feet inches length total area square inches cm2 coal carry long tons fuel shielded shot shell near speed knots ship cover nautical miles days economical speed knots cruise nautical miles days supplement steam power plant built masts schooner rigged total sail area square feet steam sail combination expected allow remain sea months time wartime armament main battery consisted inch caliber mark guns gun weighing excess pounds mounted forecastle deck deck pair amidships gun deck guns gun deck mounted feet waterline feet guns fired pound armor piercing projectiles charge weighing pounds feet second elevation guns range yards gun shielded steel plating inches thick secondary battery consisted pounder guns pounder guns based designs french arms company hotchkiss according bureau ordnance publication armor piercing round fired pounder gun penetrate inches armor distance yards early career uss commissioned new_york navy yard june command commander royal steel new navy assigned squadron evolution unit entirely new navy ships established test perfect tactics doctrine developed naval war college addition operating tactical fleet navy squadron performed secondary mission cruising foreign ports demonstrate world types modern ships united_states capable building role rest squadron departed new_york november unit cruise brazil transferred south atlantic squadron cruised south american waters july setting brazil visited spanish italian ports anniversary celebration columbus voyage western hemisphere concluded european portion festivities february departed replica columbus tow cuba stops islands netherlands west_indies havana arrived united_states roads virginia march following participation international naval review roads moved north operations coast new_england beginning preparations foreign service end entered new_york navy yard remained august ship departed new_york 6th arrived lisbon 18th cruised mediterranean visiting ports shores months february orders arrived sending pacific 18th gibraltar headed atlantic steaming cape horn stopping latin american ports warship finally arrived mare island navy yard april pacific duty served pacific little years duty consisted cruising west_coast protecting american interests latin_america numerous political occurred time central south_america addition extended cruises hawaiian islands came group pro attempted january stage provisional government islands departed mare island arrived honolulu june spent months protecting american interests islands march departed honolulu bound san_francisco arrived march following day warship entered mare island navy yard months repairs august resumed cruises west_coast employment lasted year week august headed hawaii arrived roads september reached honolulu 30th day cruise march remained honolulu months outbreak spanish american war hawaiian waters spending months war hawaiian islands departed honolulu june steamed west_coast united_states warship arrived san_francisco june patrolled california coast remainder hostilities september stood san_francisco way ultimately philippines arrived hawaii september devoted little months operations nearby waters january resumed voyage west days honolulu stopped wake island commander edward commander direct orders president william claimed united_states despite protests germany considered island group claim marshall islands wake eventually important link honolulu manila trans pacific cable later stop san guam january february commander later rear admiral accepted guam spanish colonial governor briefly served naval governor guam established native ruling council continuing manila arrived february philippine american war little years february arrival served philippine islands support army campaigns philippine american war service islands consisted patrol escort duty preventing rebel movement stopping arms seeing american troops supplies safely islands occasionally action september shelled fort near southeastern coast days later captured destroyed vessel november warship supported army landing san shores gulf northwestern began month assignment station ship november concluded duty march visiting headed japan april underwent repairs april heading philippines warship arrived resumed patrols june spent seven months conducting patrols philippines supporting army operations island chain january departed shaped course hong_kong arrived british colony 6th began months repairs completion work departed hong_kong june visit shanghai warship headed united_states july arrived mare island navy yard august decommissioned september commission mare island refitted added bridge spotlight platform bow added removed mainmast removed leaving mast rig addition tall ventilation added immediately bridge months inactivity recommissioned march command commander thomas months cruised eastern pacific coasts north south_america warship visited ports summer coast central_america following fall winter steamed hawaii proceeded june winter saw voyage south visits pacific ports central south_america february departed san_francisco month cruise hawaiian islands returning san_diego july difficult day voyage boiler explosion morning july crew preparing sail aid monitor wyoming broken need tow crew finished difficult task ship morning cleaning dirty job unbeknownst board problems boilers feed water closed steam valve faulty steam gauge excessive steam pressure boiler resulted boiler explosion ship sending men equipment flying air escaping steam sprayed living compartments decks explosion opened hull sea began list starboard quick actions santa taking tow certainly saved sinking combination explosion steam killed number men outright left mortally wounded final death toll officer men making navy worst peacetime disasters nearly survived injury sort survivors awarded medal honor extraordinary heroism displayed time explosion survivors john henry survived explosion maine havana february reportedly man survive explosions sheer number casualties death toll exceeded navy death toll entirety spanish american war overwhelmed san_diego medical facilities burn victims cared makeshift facilities tended volunteers number dead san_diego hard pressed prepare victims burial july days explosion majority killed buried cemetery fort victims commemorated uss monument foot granite dedicated cemetery january spite rumors misconduct engineering crewmen official investigation concluded explosion crew list medal honor recipients explosion men awarded medal honor extraordinary heroism displayed time explosion edward william george carpenter mate second class davis class john chief gunner mate mate retired lieutenant commander world war frank hill ship cook class oscar frederick nelson mate class william hospital steward disposition explosion refloated towed mare island navy yard extent damages age ship repaired instead decommissioned october years inactivity struck naval vessel register september sold scrap november scrapped purchased line use barge towed honolulu remained use scuttled campaigns


uss uss double turret milwaukee class river monitor named tribe indians built union navy american_civil_war ship participated battle mobile bay lightly damaged forts morgan union troops besieged fortifications defending bay early supported union forces mobile campaign attacked confederate fortifications defending city mobile alabama placed reserve end war sold description feet long overall beam feet ship depth hold feet inches draft feet tons displaced long tons crew numbered officers enlisted men ship powered cylinder horizontal non steam engines driving propellers steam generated seven tubular boilers engines designed reach speed knots mph carried long tons coal ship main armament consisted muzzle loading inch guns mounted twin gun turrets forward turret designed james rear turret john gun weighed approximately pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation cylindrical turrets protected layers wrought iron inch plates sides hull consisted layers inch plates backed inches pine deck heavily allow crew shallow draft consisted iron plates inches thick positioned fore turret protected inches armor construction service james awarded contracts milwaukee class ships laid union iron works louis navy ship named indian tribe launched july commissioned april initially assigned mississippi_river squadron operated mississippi_river defending union ships confederate raids months transferred rear admiral david west gulf blockading squadron july sister ship required time refit new_orleans prepare voyage mobile gulf_of_mexico sisters depart new_orleans july voyage mississippi pass forced anchor overnight steering problems ships cross mouth pass evening following day gulf taken tow voyage gulf inspected monitor arrival dismayed learn turrets jammed preferred experienced officer command appointed commander thomas stevens new captain plan battle relatively simple larger heavily armed monitors manhattan ironclad ram tennessee away vulnerable wooden ships passing fort morgan sink engage fort wooden ships passed monitors form starboard column ships closest fort morgan rear wooden ships formed separate column port eastern channel closest fort morgan free obstacles torpedoes mines called time known present west prominent black channel milwaukee class ships bombarded fort morgan hour half wooden ships passed mouth mobile bay beginning forward turret jammed place quarters hour later struck torpedo sank rapidly took board survivors ill fated rescued boat heavy fire passed morgan tennessee attacked stevens command able ships case confederate ironclad turned attack briefly sought shelter morgan guns traversing gear rear turret broke minutes received order attack tennessee sortied middle mobile bay attack union squadron monitor forced turn entire ship bring guns bear play significant second phase battle tennessee forced surrender battle hit times penetrated deck near aft turret suffered casualties despite problems turrets ship managed fire shells mixture solid shot explosive shells shot shells intermittently bombarded fort morgan fort surrendered august respectively night august commander stevens sent boat crew command acting ensign michael murphy successful mission cut telegraph cable fort morgan city mobile fort surrendered august ship remained mobile bay supporting union forces march union forces advanced spanish fort step capturing mobile navy role bombard defenses communications mobile defenders mines great numbers waterways navy successfully swept completely clear rivers sister milwaukee sailed march attack confederate transport forced retreat milwaukee struck area previously swept returning remained afloat forward permitted crew escape loss later protected convoy carrying troops major general frederick montgomery alabama later april april monitor uss blockading confederate ironclad nashville morgan river surrender placed ordinary mississippi new_orleans september renamed twice time tornado june resumed original august sold auction september


uss michigan uss michigan south_carolina class battleship second ship united_states_navy named honor 26th state second member class dreadnought battleships built navy laid december launched sponsored brooks daughter secretary navy commissioned fleet january michigan south_carolina armed main battery inch guns superfiring twin gun turrets dreadnoughts feature arrangement michigan spent career atlantic fleet frequently cruised east_coast united_states caribbean_sea april took united_states occupation veracruz mexican civil war united_states entered world war april michigan employed convoy escort training ship rapidly expanding wartime navy january forward cage mast collapsed heavy seas killing men ferried soldiers europe ship conducted training cruises career cut short washington naval treaty signed february mandated disposal michigan south_carolina michigan decommissioned february broken scrap following year design michigan long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons combat load ship powered shaft vertical triple expansion engines rated ihp coal fired boilers generating speed mph ship cruising range nmi speed mph crew officers men ship armed main battery inch caliber mark guns twin gun turrets centerline placed superfiring pairs forward aft secondary battery consisted inch guns mounted casemates hull standard capital ships period carried pair inch torpedo tubes submerged hull broadside main armored belt thick magazines machinery spaces armored deck thick gun turrets inch thick faces supporting barbettes inch thick armor plating inch thick armor protected guns conning tower inch thick sides service history michigan laid december new_york corporation completed hull launched christened 26th state brooks daughter secretary navy fitting work completed january commissioned navy entering service assigned atlantic fleet began cruise caribbean_sea lasted june michigan joined training maneuvers new_england beginning july training cruise europe followed departed boston massachusetts november stops included portland united_kingdom france arrived port december remained 30th left caribbean ship reached bay cuba january continued norfolk arriving days later period future naval aviation pioneer john henry towers served aboard ship main guns long range guns shoot horizon convinced towers need aircraft ship cruised east_coast years november departed longer cruise gulf_of_mexico stops pensacola florida new_orleans louisiana galveston texas way continued south veracruz mexico arrived december michigan remained days beginning voyage home reached roads december patrols east_coast resumed half july steamed massachusetts voyage mexican waters trip prompted mexican civil war threatened american interests country arrived july cruised mexican coast january departed new_york_city arriving seven days later transferred norfolk february left port short voyage bay cuba roads march michigan began cruise mexico april support united_states occupation veracruz reached city april landed battalion marines occupation force ship patrolled coast departing united_states june reached delaware days later normal peacetime routine cruises east_coast continued years december ship crew experimented fire control directors aid experimental directors produced significantly improved results gunnery tests conducted early forward inch guns exploded gunnery training world war april united_states declared war germany submarine warfare campaign slow speed michigan assigned battleship force day tasked training naval recruits escorting convoys training mission participated fleet maneuvers gunnery exercises january michigan cruising cape_hatteras training exercise january heavy gale rough seas knocked forward cage mast ship rolled port heavy seas rolling sharply starboard rapid change direction caused mast snap point damaged barrel explosion accident killed men injured thirteen michigan steamed norfolk transferred injured men hospital ship went philadelphia navy yard repairs arriving january early april michigan service months primarily trained gunners chesapeake_bay convoy escort left united_states september ship port screw fell forced leave convoy october return port repairs service rest war november germany signed armistice ended fighting europe michigan assigned cruiser transport force late december ferry american soldiers europe round trips operation january march second march april brought men post war period michigan sent philadelphia overhaul lasted june returned peacetime training routine august reduced limited commission stationed philadelphia navy yard steamed pick contingent major training cruise departing ship steamed south panama canal proceeding honolulu hawaii arrived july michigan visited naval bases west_coast united_states summer returning september days later philadelphia temporarily decommissioned michigan reactivated cruise caribbean departing april returned philadelphia april shortly ship embroiled minor scandal ship commanding officer time clark daniel instituted series sailors committees ease tensions officers crew commanders atlantic fleet michigan squadron decided committees threat discipline evidence influences contacted secretary navy relieved command picked group training cruise voyage took ship europe stops number ports including norway lisbon portugal gibraltar returned roads bay august years immediately following end great war united_states britain japan launched huge naval construction programs countries decided new naval arms race ill advised convened washington naval conference discuss arms limitations produced washington naval treaty signed february terms article treaty michigan sister south_carolina scrapped michigan sea time august bound breaker yard philadelphia arrived september decommissioned february stricken naval vessel register november broken scrap following year


wyoming class battleship wyoming class pair dreadnought battleships built united_states_navy ships wyoming arkansas authorized early built fourth dreadnought design navy marked improvement preceding florida class primary changes addition sixth twin gun turret bringing number inch guns improved armor protection including use torpedo bulkhead american battleship design navy seriously considered significantly powerful inch gun entailed major delays required extensive harbor improvements accommodate larger ships ships frequently served atlantic fleet 1910s vessels deployed british waters united_states entered world war april reinforce royal_navy grand_fleet served pacific fleet returned atlantic fleet time atlantic fleet spent conducting peacetime training exercises taking naval academy training cruises wyoming arkansas heavily modernized receiving efficient oil fired boilers replace old coal fired models thicker deck armor protect fire anti torpedo increase resistance underwater damage anti aircraft guns defend aerial attacks london naval treaty mandated wyoming accordingly converted training ship half main battery turrets belt armor anti torpedo removed arkansas permitted continue service fleet united_states entered world war arkansas escort convoys north_africa served coastal bombardment vessel role supported allied landings normandy operation overlord southern france operation transferred pacific provided fire support marines fighting okinawa wyoming continued training ship modified include types anti aircraft guns operate fleet ships decommissioned shortly war arkansas expended target ship nuclear tests operation crossroads wyoming sold scrap design july newport conference held included general board staff naval war college president roosevelt keen interest naval matters officers conference examined series issues relating existing battleships new designs new ships wyoming class board construction received general instructions newport conference conference favored adopting inch gun british_royal_navy traded inch guns inch pieces bureau ordnance estimated design work new gun production testing years august secretary navy victor issued request gun battleships armed inch weapons bureau construction repair speed mph armor accommodated argued likely battle ranges inch gun powerful penetrate existing armor inch gun unnecessary produced designs meet request based preceding florida design referred design battleship armed inch guns second design additional twin turret total inch guns design fitted inch guns general board chose design work inch gun begun adopting caused class delayed addition ships displacement increased dramatically larger gun requiring extensive improvements harbor facilities design able dock pearl harbor sound existing facilities placement secondary battery proved problematic cruise great white fleet demonstrated problems casemates main deck easily washed moderate seas making officers newport conference advocated placing superstructure heavy inch guns navy added excessive weight alternative place forecastle additional weight forward strained ship forecastle stepped main deck designers ultimately settled length forecastle allowed casemates moved higher hull ships armor protection improved earlier designs belt barbette armor increased inch compared earlier version gun battleship new protection scheme funnels devised russian experience battle years highlighted risk destroyed exhaust system designers emphasized need improved underwater protection result design incorporated torpedo bulkhead time feature included american battleship design congress approved new battleships march design later proved basis subsequent class battleships new general characteristics machinery ships wyoming class long waterline long overall beam draft ships displaced long tons designed long tons combat load length flush deck improved sea keeping ability work secondary guns heavier seas ships fitted masts transverse metacentric height crew officers enlisted men ships powered shaft parsons steam turbines rated shp steam provided mixed oil coal fired boilers closely spaced funnels amidships engines generated speed mph speed trials arkansas knots mph shp fuel capacity long tons coal long tons oil allowed ships cruise nmi speed mph mph range fell considerably nmi steering controlled single rudder armament ships armed main battery inch caliber mark guns mark twin gun turrets centerline placed superfiring pair forward turrets placed aft superstructure superfiring pairs guns fired shell charge produced muzzle velocity wyoming arkansas ships navy receive gun earlier dreadnoughts equipped lower velocity inch caliber mark gun mark significantly better armor penetrating capabilities owing higher muzzle velocity higher striking velocity range gun penetrate contemporary face hardened armor compared mark guns mounted mark gun turret allowed elevation degrees depression degrees unlike turrets earlier dreadnoughts mark turret required guns return degrees secondary battery consisted inch caliber guns mounted casemates hull guns fired shell charge muzzle velocity standard capital ships period carried pair submerged inch torpedo tubes hull broadside equipped mark iii bliss design carried range speed mph armor main armored belt high thick central portion ship protected ammunition magazines machinery spaces belt reduced stern edge reduced forward end belt connected thick transverse bulkhead forward main battery barbette aft end belt connected bulkhead main armored deck special treatment steel reduced critical areas conning tower thick sides thick roof gun turrets thick faces thick roofs supporting barbettes thick sides exposed portions masked armored belt reduced lower half armor thick upper half reduced battery longitudinal armored bulkheads designed protect funnels deemed important russo japanese war years russian battleships damaged boiler smoke ship funnels modifications ships significantly modified careers shortly world war horizontal armor ships improved including roofs conning tower gun turrets deck armor increased inch caliber anti aircraft guns installed following signing washington naval treaty february modernization work strictly controlled treaty governed modifications existing ships included restrictions changed added displacement rise long tons alterations kind main battery guns mounts primary areas improved concerned defense aerial underwater attack propulsion systems new heavily modernized 1920s ships converted completely oil fired boilers equipment taken cancelled south class battleships boilers single funnel boilers efficient coal fired models ships completed allowed significantly greater cruising radius nmi ships fitted anti torpedo improved underwater defense provided additional oil storage capacity wyoming arkansas lost cage main mast replaced short mast carried radio secondary battery guns relocated higher ship improve heavy seas guns built hull abreast conning tower inch anti aircraft guns moved ships torpedo tubes removed terms london naval treaty wyoming converted training ship process anti torpedo armor half main battery guns removed wyoming modernized norfolk navy yard january april reconstruction removed inch gun turrets replaced twin single enclosed mounts inch caliber guns new fire control radars installed modifications allowed wyoming train anti aircraft gunners modern equipment use combat fleet modifications arkansas world war kept minimum arkansas received new foremast anti aircraft guns war carried quadruple mounts number inch guns increased construction service history entering service ships assigned atlantic fleet ships took normal routine training fleet maneuvers east_coast united_states caribbean interspersed periodic maintenance ships toured mediterranean late making stops italy france april arkansas involved occupation veracruz mexican revolution wyoming arrived later support operation men arkansas won medal honor actions initial occupation city united_states declared war germany april wyoming rest battleship division steamed britain reinforce royal_navy grand_fleet stationed scapa_flow arkansas initially remained united_states training gun crews expanding wartime fleet july sent britain ship saw action war present german high_seas_fleet surrendered november arkansas wyoming served pacific fleet serving flagship time ships tour central south american countries culminating visit took naval review chilean president battleships returned service atlantic fleet returned peacetime routine training maneuvers periodic maintenance summers ships generally naval academy training cruises june arkansas assisted relief efforts santa barbara earthquake late late arkansas received reconstruction followed wyoming arkansas visited european waters cruises stops countries wyoming reduced training ship accordance london naval treaty spent decade conducting training cruises cadets early early arkansas returned stint pacific fleet followed tour europe later year outbreak world war september assigned reserve force neutrality patrols supported occupation iceland july escort convoys november increasingly apparent united_states involved world war wyoming reassigned gunnery training ship role served duration war arkansas continued line service war escort convoys north_africa shore bombardment vessel supported landings normandy june german positions beach bombarding later month bombardment mission came operation invasion southern france august year transferred pacific theater operations action japanese bombarded japanese positions february okinawa april end war september arkansas employed operation magic carpet american soldiers pacific wyoming remained service briefly war decommissioned august sold scrap october subsequently broken arkansas instead retained use target ship operation crossroads nuclear tests survived test air burst code named able second experiment underwater code named baker sank ship