classification alpine standing skiing sport class defined international paralympic committee disability affecting legs double knee combined strength total legs people disabilities international skiing competitions classification alpine skiing skiing classification alpine skiing people double knee similar disabilities people cerebral involves moderate moderate slight involvement classification compete ski poles alpine skiing training use different types equipment depending type disability class includes cerebral variety skiing techniques training types needed balance issues ski learn balance system sport allow different sport classes compete individual competitors class competition alpine skiing classification skiing season giant super downhill skiing percentage ski season classic free class able compete paralympic games world championships dating 1990s class include australian canadian definition alpine standing skiing classification stands winter competitors class disability affecting legs double knee combined strength total people disabilities alpine skiing international paralympic committee explicitly defines sport class competitors disabilities lower limbs skiing normal poles typical disability profile class double knee australian paralympic committee summarized classification standing skiing classification poles disability legs knees skiing defines classification lower limbs includes partial limb cross country canada summarized classification lower limbs include partial limb able stand jump leg depending nature disability international alpine skiing competitions classification alpine skiing national federation alpine canada handles classification domestic competitions skiing events classification handled skiing technical committee international level national sports federation cross country canada country country level assessed sport class number things considered including reviewing medical history medical information disability having physical person assessment training competing alpine skiing people double knee similar disabilities defined double knee minimal ankle joint disabilities lower limbs maximum muscle points normal competitors able edge belong class people cerebral involves moderate moderate slight involvement defines class alpine skiing moderate slight involvement moderate equipment classification compete ski poles alpine skiing training use ski short special skiing require user nature disability type equipment required ski devices tips result attached miniature ski rocker base sit binding intended evenly distribute weight specific needs ski boot knee prosthetic built competitors class rules alpine ski boots binding heights modified class rules applied able bodied competitor equipment athletes use rifle support shooting technique class includes cerebral variety skiing techniques training types needed classification result stroke tend initially favour strong body learn ski results ski training correct corrected likely fall cross knee ski lift technique able bodied classification cerebral difficulty walking ski boots require assistance walking going hill weaker learning ski ski bra teach proper technique difficulty technique teaching cerebral instructors encouraged delay introduction ski poles use ski bra encourage helps learn correct knee hip placement cerebral better balance presents challenges coaches working compared class cerebral tie quickly method learning ski competitors cerebral american teaching system thing learn equipment learn positioning body standing position flat terrain learns step fall learns straight run taught chair lift followed learning wedge turns weight transfers wedge turns wide track parallel turns use ski poles advanced parallel turns paralympic athletes shoot prone position sport system sport allow different classes compete individual competitors class competition system works having number class based functional mobility vision levels results calculated finish time number resulting number determine winner events factor system skiing season percentage classic technique percentage free alpine skiing classification skiing season giant super downhill skiing percentage ski season classic free alpine skiing events grouped standing classes seeded start visually impaired classes sitting classes giant downhill super super combined group competes visually impaired classes sitting classes alpine events required ski poles equivalent equipment planted snow starting position start race cross country events classification grouped standing classes advises event organisers run men standing ski group blind men group blind women group women standing classes advised events grouped classes event 1980s grouped classifications 1990s 2000s winter olympics exhibition competition disciplines included programme downhill giant classification grouped medal events men winter paralympics grouped men medal events alpine winter paralympics grouped men medal events alpine disabled alpine world championships austria men grouped medal events winter paralympics women classes competed group grouped men medal events alpine winter paralympics alpine skiing grouped men downhill super giant events women grouped super event women classes grouped giant events skiing world championships class grouped standing skiing classifications cross country class eligible compete men women individual race men women classification grouped standing classes race shooting stages race shooting stages world championships men women class standing downhill event competitors class include australian canadian


knight knight born january paralympic athlete student competes international level alpine skiing giant events sighted guide currently knight year old contracted diagnosed age resulted loss vision age joined great_britain paralympic skiing team progressed compete international level events knight competed february winning times knight winter paralympics opening ceremony debut paralympics age youngest person compete winter paralympic games early life education knight born january canterbury kent lived farm animals age contracted disease knight doctors eyes noticed right trips great street resulted diagnosis condition developed humans young children inadvertently consume eggs parasite found cat dog turn soil parasites rare circumstances knight migrate eyes leading vision problems treated regular disease dormant lost vision resulting partially sighted left eye peripheral vision right eye knight studying tandem sporting career enrolled king school canterbury year studying school allowed knight months away compete paralympics skiing career age seven shortly knight lost majority sight france skiing holiday encouraged try sport mother mother knight sighted guide late january financial reasons pair competed visually impaired races november age knight began training great_britain paralympic development squad raced cup giant spring sighted guide games joined knight competed glasgow ski instructor skiing age seven prior meeting knight pair won silver medals year international paralympic committee alpine ski races december pair won medal went win gold medals annual international paralympic committee alpine skiing event austria january knight competes class lack complete vision classification blind visually impaired coached assisted national coach tony knight sponsored featured advertising campaign paralympics knight debut paralympics winter paralympics competing age youngest competitor winter paralympics flag bearer opening ceremony flag olympic stadium honour knight described surprise competed march completing runs finishing fifth competed giant march finishing fifth significant expectation knight paralympics target winter paralympics following games announced april knight participate queen relay june carrying kent following year knight travelled canada compete alpine skiing world championships mountain village british_columbia sighted guide time enrolled university left sport allowing knight reunited previous guide prior championships knight won gold medals world cup tour hopes high medal absence british paralympic champion kelly knight took technical events giant young compete speed events event giant knight took lead run time despite time second run beaten silver medal place second russia days later knight took winning bronze britain medals games


world ski championships world ski championships czech took place february march czech_republic fourth time championships hosted czech_republic czechoslovakia having biggest sports event country history hosted athletes countries women ski jumping men combined mass start events debuted championships won americans van respectively norway won medals men cross country skiing events including germany finished second total medal count gold silver bronze finland finished medal count women cross country skiing fourth total medal count second gold medal count united_states including prior championships won medals previous championships combined including medals combined bill gold bronze american woman medal cross country skiing world championships silver individual sprint debut women ski jumping championships big winner jumping events austria medals adding mass start combined format changed sprint individual individual large hill aka large hill individual normal hill aka normal hill respectively estonia oldest gold medalist won gold men event despite concern lack snowfall plagued event preparation prior championships championships abundance snowfall wind caused ski jumping combined mass start postponed day ski jumping individual large hill competition limited jump attendance twice number previous championships percent lower championships president franco commented closing ceremonies nations earning medals championships successes television coverage czech success women ski jumping championships way inclusion winter olympics broadcast report european broadcasting union released june total viewership million global viewers higher championships championships competition format changes initial schedule competition approved council meeting weekend women ski jumping official event time championships normal hill took place february approved congress portugal cross country skiing events classical interval start events adjusted include qualification event women qualification men women men event finishers qualification advancing main events events took place february combined greatest changes schedule debut mass start approved congress replacement sprint individual events separate individual events event replacing single jump individual normal hill followed cross country event system second event replacing sprint single jump individual large hill followed cross country event system combined changes approved autumn seasonal meeting switzerland week september changes listed ski jumping combined team event jump listed point time differential point seconds history june host world championships awarded congress miami florida usa june opposing candidate city oslo norway norwegian ski president stated norwegian press voting started thought close close president use deciding vote fact fourth time row applied championships years arranged eastern_europe czechoslovakia advantage according selected oslo members vote ineligible vote served place late jan oslo committee quickly announced loss apply championships got awarded years later prior awarded world championships hosted total cross country skiing combined ski jumping competitions hosted cross country world cup event june meeting report given committee race directors course inspection including layout courses coordination group meeting held led roman organizing committee chair venue construction television production construction preparation championships coordination meeting took place april discuss venue information event preparation july december czech cross country time winter olympic medalist originally honorary vice president organizing committee july appointed new president organizing committee approved organizing committee replacing served world cup organizer second tour ski events took place prague december week august delegation visited headquarters switzerland met president delegation included mayor organizing committee secretary czech ski association president general secretary confirmed work sites championships proceeding planned test events occurred february financing issues event clarified scheduled update occurred autumn meeting week september progress given organizing president executive director including updates venues shown section focused sports organization including technical directors marketing promotion test events confirmed support governmental financing university campus served village teams president stated test weekend february went terms sports organization expressed concerns cost accommodation skiing officials media upcoming events spring coordination meeting held week april discussed preparations event participants marketing partner focused lessons learned test events held february coordination group members pleased february test events including athletes village constructed local university final competition schedule confirmed council meeting cape_town followed final inspection october following final inspection day hour press conference held status preparations detailed reports given test events held february lessons learned president expressed support organizing committee efforts present best championships stated cross country skiing facility ready ski jumping facility ready fall construction access road surrounding area complete main concern weather given problems test events february need snow making equipment czech government gave organizing committee additional million million financial support end championships biggest sports event history czech_republic december secretary general lewis event sponsor manager key organizing committee staff met discuss promotional activities event including ceremonies social events system day entire inspection team village took place technical university entire complex renovated students university left end january teams arrive campus mid february january total competitors nations championship records stated area centimetres snow testing areas stated czech representatives tested satisfied areas free public transportation transfers neighboring town organized programs successful previous world championships continued blood testing athletes february period prior championships pre competition blood tests conducted finishers plus randomly selected athletes event totalling championships tests conducted czech national anti agency assistance world anti agency testing costs program million february total spectators attended championships prior championships concern lack snowfall championships championships continuing snowfall february czech_republic senate parliament chair presented president silver commemorative medal senate merits development world skiing lead delegation ceremony took place included officials representative teams included delegation milan council member chair czech olympic committee media television coverage media available online october television coverage provided czech television host broadcaster expected produce hours international coverage total cameras connected kilometres cables international media event total cumulative broadcast hours took place championship event shown live rest tape delayed national broadcasters televised championships asia pacific nations resulting total million global viewers events greatest live audience men ski jumping individual large normal hill event poland million viewers respectively germany 2nd highest national event ratings million viewers ski jumping men team large hill event mascot mascot announced organizing committee week june lion named appearance czech_republic czech_republic prime minister meeting week social programs social programs involved event opening ceremonies arena included musical performances english rock band deep purple performed opening ceremony february band performed february concerts took place main square medal award ceremonies occurred addition special themed days including italian day czech day norwegian day day recurring theme free beer people countries happy hour famous fans championships numerous compared countries world cup discipline leaders prior world championships february world cup positions follows cross country skiing tour ski winners finland women men got world cup points respective victories won ski jumping hills tournament participants athletes countries entered compete championships include men women countries cross country skiing athletes countries combined athletes countries ski jumping additionally women countries competed premiere world championship ski jumping event president hoped women ski jumping event inclusion winter olympics russia venues coordination group meeting april event facility preparations discussed review better previous world championships earlier year according secretary general lewis pleased construction progress ski jumping cross country skiing venues test events upcoming world cup season organizing committee chair stated venues completed fall order ensure certification attendance organizing committee championships oslo snowfall started november possible produce man snow event according cross country skiing venue manager robert ideal conditions fourteen days snow production required create needed cubic metres snow ensure coverage competition courses snow cannons snow making process temperatures dip freezing according cross country skiing cross country skiing venue took place loops loops shortened combined additional loops women sprint men sprint created fall meeting week september announced completed paving courses roller skiing line skating bridges access roads permanent facilities installing snow making equipment test event cross country occurred weekend february warm weather lack snow organizing committee forced bring snow mountains surrounding result races held paved roller skiing track initially february scheduled pursuit events changed interval start events winner women event norway winner men event jean france team sprint winners 17th norway ladies going men going martin snow lacking cross country course december organizers ready expected cold temperatures christmas onward prepare courses championships january cubic metres snow produced snow guns snow tracks widen maintained preparation slavic cup czech_republic poland slovakia events took place weekend january courses covered snow centimetres february snow reserves guaranteed best conditions warm weather hit mountains closing ceremonies championships held ski jumping ski jumping venue took place hills specifications normal hill size large hill size hills ski jumping world cup venues finnish ski holding record jump hill modifications data gathered wind flow ski jumping area january march fall meeting week september announced organizing committee construction proceeding according schedule completion mid december test event took place february spectators constructed order night time ski jumping weekend february hill suffered landslide caused continuous rainfall hill week january affected event according mayor february stated ski jumping events took place scheduled lift ski jump working world cup combined event january fixed winners ski jumping test event hill thomas austria february norway february cup competition took place weekend december final test procedures infrastructure championships january main complete teams worked proper shaping hills use large hill closed normal hill designated ski combined athlete training construction week january included spectator stairs hill mobile containers athletes service teams spectator catering tent set combined combined events venues listed cross country skiing ski jumping test event combined occurred weekend february lack snow warm weather prior test event schedule test event adjusted sprint event february event february sprint qualification event february sprint event february cancelled changing winds event february changed mass start event won norway unsuccessful attempts ski jumping sprint qualification event high winds 17th resulted event cancellation world cup event leading championships taken place december individual large hill event test event cancelled december warm weather lack snow stated second plan getting snow mountains higher elevations better conditions cubic metres snow prepared nights plan proposed large parking places mountains natural snow collected use area assured entire team working hard order deliver successful world ski championships wait welcome teams international media guest course thousands fans february arena arena operational center championships included athletes location organizing committee support staff international media center individual race offices served site opening ceremonies championships cross country skiing main winner cross country events norway seven medals including men events norway won earning double pursuit relay teammate won individual team sprint events estonia oldest winner men event norway medal women events silver double pursuit event women events biggest winner finland medals including team sprint relay bronze double pursuit poland won medals championships double pursuit bronze gold awarded women individual sprint won italy event american woman medal cross country skiing world championships silver medal table men cross country skiing medal table women cross country skiing men combined united_states big winner championships medals bill won medals individual normal hill mass start gold individual large hill bronze individual normal hill disqualification ski jumping team event led united_states withdrawal cross country event led surprise gold medal japanese team event world championships event medal table ski jumping women ski jumping debuted championships won american van north american medal ski jumping american woman medal championships men austria big winner medals men individual normal hill team large hill events gold team large hill silver individual normal hill events world cup leaders prior championships joined switzerland simon podium individual normal hill event teammate won gold individual large hill event jump performed unstable weather conditions norway won medals championships silver team large hill individual large hill women individual normal hill medal table men ski jumping medal table women ski jumping closing ceremonies closing ceremonies championships president expressed great satisfaction championships stating time nation successful national favorites czech won medal silver men organized successful championship according attendance reached days competition lack snowfall concerns prior championships continuous snowfall affected spectators competitors alike praise given venue managers czech efforts successful championships different nations reached podium championships noted state success women ski jumping event hopefully push international olympic committee include event games possible team event concerning combined mass start stated event thoroughly analyzed overall season assessment discipline current overhaul finally wished best looked forward seeing oslo world ski championships post event information organizing committee championships met oslo organizing committee championships april discuss lessons learned presentation comprehensive frank analysis critical areas organization key success factors detailed lessons learned elaborated including recommendations championships organizing committee championships italy organizing committees attendance attendees included norwegian ski federation european broadcasting union television marketing partners won medals championships medal winter olympics vancouver following year won world championships respective events bill combined individual large hill cross country skiing women cross country skiing men win olympic gold events medal table


classification alpine standing skiing classification people severe lower extreme disabilities includes cerebral international classification international paralympic committee alpine skiing national classification local national sport classified use ski equipment training ski tips ski short classification includes cerebral different skiing techniques specific disability types falling important skill learn addressing balance important thing cerebral master system allow competitors fairly compete standing classifications events disabled alpine world championships class medal events later events winter paralympics grouped classes single medal event class include new adam hall kevin sullivan definition standing classification alpine skiing skiing stands winter classification people severe lower extreme disabilities cerebral classified international paralympic committee explicitly defined class competitors severe disabilities lower limbs typical disability profile class double knee australian paralympic committee defined classification standing skiing classification poles disability legs knees international competitions classification international paralympic committee alpine skiing national federation alpine canada handles classification domestic competitions assessed classification number things considered including reviewing medical history medical information disability having physical person assessment training competing equipment classified use ski international ski federation rules ski boots binding heights modified class rules able bodied class allowed use ski tips competition setup called track training use additional equipment example cerebral use ski short depending nature disability use classification improve require use equipment ski devices tips result attached miniature ski rocker base sit binding intended evenly distribute weight specific needs athletes use rifle support shooting technique classification includes cerebral different skiing techniques specific disability types skiing competitors wider turning radius result disability class knee fall properly important skill taught try prevent leg hitting snow cause damage leg partially missing working stepping supported leg elite taught avoid taught turn leg instead ski poles getting ski lifts classification taught lift ground point forward cerebral better balance presents challenges coaches working compared class cerebral tire quickly teaching cerebral instructors encouraged delay introduction ski poles use ski bra encourage helps learn correct knee hip placement cerebral class difficulty technique american teaching system learning method competitors cerebral classification learn equipment learning position body standing position flat terrain learns step fall learns straight run taught chair lift followed learning wedge turns weight transfers wedge turns wide track parallel turns use ski poles advanced parallel turns cerebral classification difficulty walking ski boots require assistance walking hill point weaker upwards paralympic athletes shoot prone position sport disability skiing events classification grouped standing classes seeded start visually impaired classes sitting classes giant downhill super super combined group competes visually impaired classes sitting classes required ski poles equivalent equipment planted snow starting position start race system sport allow different classes compete individual competitors class competition system works having number class based functional mobility vision levels results calculated finish time number resulting number determine winner events factor system men alpine factor skiing season giant super downhill events class competed medal events competitions 1990s grouped classes grouped classes disabled alpine world championships disciplines included downhill winter paralympics winter paralympics grouped men alpine events disabled alpine world championships austria grouped medal events winter paralympics women classes competed group grouped men medal events winter paralympics classes combined women downhill giant events men combined downhill giant events competitors class competing alpine world championships men women competitors class include austria canada wayne burton stephen japan new_zealand adam hall kevin sullivan switzerland united_states dan andy rod mark


skiing classification skiing classification classification system skiing includes cross country events classifications skiing mirrors classifications alpine skiing exceptions functional mobility medical classification use divided groups standing sit visually impaired international classification governed international paralympic committee skiing classification handled national bodies took classification number organizations handled classification based type disability classification system sport developed scandinavia medical system time types disability eligible classification developing system use winter paralympics organisers wanted away medical classification system use functional system ended system based equipment utilised instead 1970s progressed equipment improvements possible spinal cord injuries participate classification system developed 1990s skiing classes percentage system developed allow different disabilities inside groups compete time end race multiplied percentage determine time allowed fair cross classification comparisons actual change time time system winner use despite repeated efforts true functional mobility based classification dating 1970s medical assessment took place classification process 2010s different events equipment different skiing classes sit use sit unlike alpine skiing sit use ski blind use guide position guide relative depending class united_states skiing events people intellectual disability run special olympics classification process blind skiing handled internationally international blind sports association medical assessment national paralympic committees classify national competitions classification subject change international competitions classifications winter paralympics intellectual disability allowed compete medal events winter paralympics subsequently removed cheating problems summer olympics definition skiing events cross country skiing classifications skiing classifications alpine skiing classifications based functional mobility based mobility use device classification competitors cerebral difficult levels change race progresses people cerebral classifications covered skiing classifications compete standing use equipment classes area sit ski classifications divided divided sport classifications blind based solely medical classification research central institute employment abilities handicapped moscow found differences functional capabilities based differences visual plays significant role skiing governance skiing governed international paralympic committee skiing united_states deaf ski association charge deaf classification competitors united_states united_states sport governed disabled sports usa functional mobility governed united_states association blind athletes vision special olympics sport classification people intellectual disabilities disabled sports usa developed classification system sit skiing internationally use group classification system group including spinal cord injuries group including disabilities group including spinal cord disabilities sport early history international sports organization disabled founded governed sport governing bodies handling classification international games committee later international games federation later international wheelchair sports federation charge classification athletes spinal cord related disabilities international blind sports federation created took governance visual merged changed international wheelchair sports federation cerebral international sports recreation association interest sport open people cerebral governed rules sport classification organisations governing classification sport eligibility currently people physical disabilities vision eligible classification cerebral international sports recreation association set eligibility rules classification sport people cerebral defined cerebral non progressive brain legion results people cerebral non progressive brain damage eligible classification organisation dealt classification people similar classification system people eligible evidence upper motor caused associated people cerebral eligible provided condition interfere ability compete people strokes eligible classification following medical clearance competitors multiple muscular eligible classification eligible classification international sports organisation disabled games les history classification winter sport started medical moving functional system earliest classification systems sport developed scandinavia original classification system people classification based type determined medical expert classes disability eligible classified compete early sport history going winter paralympic games winter paralympics organisers difference opinion paralympic games founder wanted functional classification medical classification system onset largely succeeded system developed sweden ended based equipment utilised instead true functional classification system 1970s equipment developed spinal injuries classification system fully developed sport classification cerebral competitors sport cerebral international sports recreation association classification classification system designed track events cerebral classifications 1980s sit ski classes seven classes 1980s formally skiing classification system intellectual disability skiing classes exist special olympics movement sport sports people disabilities likely play 1990s prior classification assessment process generally involved medical exam determine classification change winter disability sport classification formal functional classification system happened quickly result changes wheelchair basketball classification started prior games sit skiing included paralympic programme norway worked change added sit skiing classifications world championships functional classification testing developed sit skiing system winter paralympics tests included hand arm shoulder coordination sitting balance plane test stability plane test sitting balance test frontal planes functional sitting ability test frontal planes examination sideways displacement 1990s integrated classification approach tried skiing developed percentage system allow multiple classes compete event formula create time finish enable fair comparisons different functional ability defined finishing time multiplied percentage determine finished variant system place winter paralympics canadian paralympic committee explains works following example athlete classified factor finishes race minute final race time seconds athlete classified factor finishes race minute seconds final race time seconds athlete wins athlete completed race fastest winner gold medalist ski seasons following medical classification functional classification system continued 1990s conversations disabled athletes competing disability winter sport instead competing able bodied competitors time people including vice president entertained discussions blind classifications combined single class like disabilities sports debate inclusion competitors able bodied competitions seen disability sport advocates like development independent classification system based rules able bodied sport efforts ended international paralympic committee tried identity largely ceased efforts inclusion disability sport olympic programme nonetheless medical component classification assessment international sports federation persons intellectual disability given task evaluating classification system intellectual disabilities prevent future abuses following spanish basketball team cheating scandal summer paralympics reliable system verified classify competitors sport physical disabilities compete team people vision team events case cross country relay events needs sit standing vision impaired winter paralympics men relay named relay sit led kilometres leg standing going second kilometres leg vision impaired going kilometres leg women event called event skiing order ski kilometres sit sit chair attached classification national competitions necessarily ones international competitions sit standing shot target centimetres large vision classifications shot centimetres large vision impaired sound system helps sight shooting portions guide generally order maximize ability hear guide guide tells things like weight shifted elements coming course position maximize diagonal run course guides position differently vision means things guide assists different required sight process visual classification handled international blind sports association tested based medical classification 1990s classification assessment process skiing components component test looked ability hill test canada classification blind handled canadian blind sports association canadians seeking classification start process getting touch organisation skiing classification handled canada cross country australian competitors sport sport classification managed national sport federation support australian paralympic committee types classification available australian competitors provisional national international club level competitions second state national competitions international competitions classified national paralympic committee international classification place world cup event competitor challenge classification fellow competitors paralympic games winter paralympics time classifications spinal cord injury classifications competed paralympic games games classifications sport winter paralympics time classifications spinal cord injury classifications competed paralympic games event open classification people spinal winter paralympics cross country event events games people spinal winter paralympics intellectual disabilities eligible compete medal participants cross country event despite early initial opposition organising committee local organizers believed difficult separate intellectual disability different classes time eligible japan eligible compete events winter paralympics disability types eligible participate classification run international paralympic committee classification based blind sitting disability type open men vision classifications time games games intellectual disability competed demonstration event games competed short distances combined event competing short distance event blind short distances combined event event open relay event open event event blind skiing event open women blind classes time winter paralympics historically skiing skiing discipline open competitors intellectual disabilities inclusion suspended following summer paralympics cheating scandal eligible compete winter paralympics games cross country event groups vision impaired standing sitting winter paralympics games anne games vision classifications roman classifications intellectual disabilities included games cheating took place sydney summer paralympics years earlier future going forward disability sport major classification body international paralympic committee working improving classification evidence based system opposed performance based system punish elite athletes performance makes appear higher class alongside competitors train


classification alpine standing ski sport class defined international paralympic committee competitors class severe disability lower limb result leg hip depending type skiing international classification process handled alpine skiing technical committee skiing technical committee national sport handle classification lower levels alpine use ski ski poles use ski poles equipment specific skiing training techniques developed address disability type equipment use system alpine allow different classes compete individual competitors class competition factors change ski season ski season classification included number medal events major competitions 1980s later grouped classes medal events sport class include australians michael toby kane cameron american jones definition standing classification alpine skiing skiing stands winter people severe disability lower limb result leg hip disease like competitors class score strength test leg international paralympic committee explicitly defined classification alpine skiing competitors severe disabilities lower limb typical disability profile class single knee skiing defines class entire lower limb involving structures australian paralympic committee described classification alpine standing skiing classification ski poles disability leg knee cross country canada defined classification skiing entire lower limb leg involving structures international alpine skiing competitions classification alpine skiing technical committee national federation alpine canada handles classification domestic competitions skiing events classification handled skiing technical committee international level national sports federation cross country canada country country level assessed sport class number things considered including reviewing medical history medical information disability having physical person assessment training competing equipment alpine classification compete ski poles alpine ski configuration called track rules alpine ski boots binding heights modified class rules applied able bodied competitor equipment compete poles use slightly longer able bodied classification use miniature ski rocker base fitted based height hip joint standing athletes use rifle support shooting technique alpine skiing techniques class called track method developed american training system skills learned technique walk ski learn ankle knee hip allows determine centre gravity taught hop turn order understand arm leg coordination technique stationary competition skill learns fall skill learned climbing gentle terrain followed learning straight run learning stop learns ski lift followed learning traverse fall line teaches maintain ski edge skills taught including beginning turns parallel turns short swings falling class knee taught try prevent leg hitting snow cause damage leg partially missing working stepping supported leg elite taught avoid taught turn leg instead ski poles class use assist maintaining balance turn hill knee better ability complete turns opposite getting ski lifts knee classification lift ground point forward rotate arms changes location ski snow stop technique involves bringing raised position pushing paralympic athletes shoot prone position sport system sport allow different classes compete individual competitors class competition system works having number class based functional mobility vision levels results calculated finish time number resulting number determine winner events factor system skiing season percentage classic technique percentage free percentage ski seasons classic free technique skiing percentage ski season classic free alpine season giant factor men factor alpine skiing classification skiing season giant super downhill disability skiing events classification grouped standing classes seeded start visually impaired classes sitting classes giant downhill super super combined group competes visually impaired classes sitting classes cross country events classification grouped standing classes advises event organisers run men standing ski group blind men group blind women group women standing classes advised alpine events required ski poles equivalent equipment planted snow starting position start race competition alpine use limb ski competitive advantage gain speed balance putting snow rules state disqualified event class skiing german national alpine skiing team injury skiing injury occurred injury winter paralympics alexander broke leg downhill event anterior shoulder fracture shoulder anterior class higher rate higher rate shoulder injuries compared able bodied events classification included number medal events major competitions 1980s later grouped classes medal events winter olympics exhibition competition disciplines included programme downhill giant grouped medal events men women world winter games disabled disciplines represented included classification grouped medal events women disabled alpine world championships medal events winter paralympics classification eligible super events winter paralympics events classification included giant downhill super winter paralympics disciplines classification eligible included downhill giant super winter paralympics alpine skiing classification grouped men giant giant super downhill events women super downhill events years later world championships women medal events alpine events including downhill skiing world championships class grouped standing skiing classifications cross country class eligible compete men women individual race men women classification grouped standing classes race shooting stages race shooting stages winter paralympics events classification included downhill super world championships classification grouped standing classes female standing downhill event class highest placed female finishing fifth men standing downhill class competitors class include australians michael toby kane cameron american jones world championships new_zealand competitor


hill located oslo norway taken use hill combined event ski festival times hosted events winter olympics saw crowd spectators olympic course meters long drop meters course gradually fell disrepair closed hill times launched potential location ski jumping hill idea came later options replace resurfaced 1930s 1970s quickly rejected closing oslo normal hill late 1980s launched jumping hill northern europe ski flying hill late 1990s proposed replaced new hill plans received support norwegian ski federation municipality state interested issuing grants proposal finally laid rest history hill proposal skiing time allowed jumps meters proposal build meter hill taken seriously 1930s idea building ski jump renewed rejected board association promotion skiing instead upgraded norwegian ski federation proposed association promotion skiing arrange ski festival plans interrupted world war hill inaugurated allowing alpine skiing introduced ski festival took place downhill carried ski resort event named races organized permanent cables telephone timing installed series upgrades hill ahead winter olympics start platform constructed hill ensure better start conditions double pull hook ski lift built north hill installed course allow training work evening installed system hill leveled somewhat build hill road station line upgraded tunnel laid course allow spectators gather sides seat press stand including work stations telephone constructed south hill opposite stand official guests built capacity people boxes finish line built officials time keepers upgrades venue cost norwegian nok olympics hill meters long drop meters starting meters mean sea level young men christian association built cabin completed new proposal build large ski jumping hill launched early 1970s association promotion skiing rejected plans 1970s association promotion skiing worked plans hill especially fill lower section close proposal met little support municipality wanted cheaper upgrade degraded training course october city_council changed opinion granted funds upgrading hill upgrade given sufficient standard allow alpine ski world cup events held municipal strategy market oslo winter sports destination proposal area national arena freestyle skiing permanent course hill taken ski resort plans build new ski lift connect slopes launched november year planned main competition hill regain olympics size withdrew approval october especially noting poor condition ski lift necessary upgrades cost millions municipality proposed building replacement serve oslo new normal hill supplement large ski flying hill proposal opened northern europe ski flying hill march hill later renovated expanded ahead ski flying world championships ahead ski flying world championships national arena declared national venue skiing ahead trondheim ideas launched build national ski flying hill rejected director ski jumping director odd stated new ski flying hill expensive march president norwegian ski federation christian announced plans hill allow jumps meters venue estimated cost nok million financed entirely private funding costs covered drawing spectators annual ski jumping world cup event plans scheduled completion location addition close proximity oslo chosen venue built tightly ground eliminating wind issues main reason ski jumping events canceled stated ski flying future ski jumping place ski flying hills norway rejected director stated new hill kill december successor jan supporting granting national venue status preparation hosting ski flying world championships december limited company established continue planning construction hill july granted national venue status years secured state grants right hold world cup ski flying events following years world championships protested managing director member norwegian ski federation ski jumping committee position federation promote project february norwegian ski federation published eighty page report concluded retired replaced report estimated hill cost nok million allow jumps metres meters longer world record hill regarded favorable ease transport high population concentration new hill allow better television pictures federation goal norway regain status prime organizer ski jumping competitions president norwegian ski federation stated offered international ski federation use year world cup stated norway focus making regular venue world cup opening oslo announced january jointly planned bid winter olympics deputy mayor progress party speculated normal hill ski jumping replaced ski flying olympic program necessary build ski flying hill oslo november norwegian ski federation committee concluded new hill cost nok million following month minister culture christian democratic_party criticized federation allowing hold key roles decision process owned percent stake oslo bid host world ski championships necessary build normal hill consists large hill proposals including converting normal hill building large hill building new hill building small hill alternatively new small hill built location demolished city culture progress party supported building large hill reducing small hill april norwegian ski federation board supported vote build normal large hill close following day stated government supported keeping building new venue responded federation hoped build venue grants private sector naming rights color line example venue generated significant funding corporate sponsors majority county chapters supported chapters supporting norwegian ski federation national convention voted large majority place normal hill ski flying hill decision despite political parties oslo supported constructing ski flying hill municipality state willing issue grants concerns environmental groups lies protected area days convention decision applied host world cup event public meeting august politicians parties confirmed support city_council chair declared meeting funeral project federation established committee led explore ways venue financed built december stated federation given having ski jumping hill events alpine skiing ski festival contested combined event originally downhill named inaugurated event held event held years oslo area held held oslo area local sports club ready main user organized recreational sports winter olympics winter olympics hosted men women events taking place organizing committee set tickets men discipline february people attended race surplus pay tickets large popularity norway favoured leading heat came balance second finished second austria women race held following day won american lawrence


officially known ski jumping arena norwegian ski jumping hill norway consists large hill point hill size small hill point hill size opened winter olympics hosted ski jumping combined events opening closing ceremonies olympics ownership transferred municipal ski jumping world cup combined world cup tournaments including hosting tournament capacity spectators national ski jumping hills norway large hill rebuilt larger profile received new plastic lining venue sees annual jumps winter summer season construction plans approved awarded winter olympics involved existing north venue rejected broadcasting planners instead decided new venue built financing venue given grant issued parliament norway august architects martin main contractor construction stated earlier completed december seating area pre fabricated concrete elements metal bars temporary buildings facilities opening ceremonies installed december removed olympics included commentator boxes media center offices technical personnel original construction included plastic tracks small hill allowing jumping summer venue placed deep terrain shield wind venue impact surroundings national association norwegian architects awarded hill large hill renovated profile expanded increasing point addition plastic way laid allowing hills summer facilities hill capacity spectators seated addition people follow events free areas venue auxiliary structures include start house judges tower includes office space organizers judges media building technical room stands aid room features high pressure snow production facility approach transport tower large hill accessible chair lift olympics transport venues railway spectators discharged station line walk stadium small hill point hill size degree slope degree slope approach height difference meters approach meters long prior large hill point degree slope degree slope approach height difference meters approach meters long hill size increased point events winter olympics venue hosted ski jumping combined events addition opening closing ceremonies competition consisted individual normal hill individual large hill team large hill ski jumping individual team small hill combined regular site ski jumping world cup combined world cup tournaments ski jumping world cup hosted nearly year exception host tournament combined world cup hosted times tournaments held december cross country skiing held nearby ski stadium cross country skiing held scheduled host winter youth olympics ski jumping combined hill record large hill meters set simon summer record large hill meters set thomas winter record small hill meters set olympics summer small hill record meters set hill national ski jumping hills norway oslo trondheim regularly training venue sees winter jumps summer jumps year hills eleventh visited tourist attraction norway hill shop visitors permitted elevator hill alternatively tourists walk steps bbc television gear episode winter olympics special filmed olympic venues included successful attempt ski jump rocket powered british mini shot majority video single


freestyle arena freestyle arena norwegian freestyle skiing stadium located area norway opened built winter olympics venue consists hills ski ballet hill capacity spectators person capacity arena designated norway national venue freestyle skiing hosted freestyle skiing world cup scheduled host freestyle skiing winter youth olympics arena owned located adjacent ski jumping hill construction traditionally served recreational area particular alpine skiing norway largest ski lift installed remained use late 1970s time closing local businessman proposed renovated slide built plans met local opposition carried venue planning started awarded olympics bid envisaged site sliding center olympic organizing committee proposed ski jumping hill ski stadium instead located placing venues controversial result permanent town main recreational areas ultimately freestyle arena ski jump placed ski stadium placed away town freestyle arena designed area development plan passed august responsibility construction originally rested municipality took responsibility november decision include olympic program october tore selected main contractor construction cost million norwegian nok nok million paid municipality nok million paid venue completed fall freestyle skiing arena world feature common spectator area event hills temporary structures olympics completed december park installed facilities venue consists hills tailor ski ballet respectively olympic hills kilometer long hill uses competitive area finish base hill spectator area featured temporary olympics spectator capacity ski ballet foot hill jury tower overlooking hill venue equipped equipment bar lift arena located ski jumping hill shares broadcasting telecommunications facilities olympics square meters temporary buildings including tents erected venue kilometer half mile east town center owned operated subsidiary municipality events canada dominated men events winter olympics jean winning men ahead russian men won ahead canada lloyd women disciplines norway nation medals winning women ahead american liz women won claiming medal ahead sweden marie norway lid hosted freestyle skiing world cup events twice march march hosted norwegian freestyle skiing championships scheduled host winter youth olympics host freestyle skiing half pipe venue designated norway national freestyle skiing venue main training ground national team area venue popular recreational area rented use hill including use ski lift


born february retired german professional successful woman time world championships time olympic gold medalist age youngest overall world cup winner history international union world cup wins ranked second time career victories world cup tour won overall world cup title times final season retired sport march citing lack motivation desire normal life started years old won junior world championship titles world cup debut won world cup race january month later claimed gold medals appearance world championships season won overall world cup claimed titles world championships successful winter participated winter olympic games winning gold medal pursuit mass start silver sprint race claimed overall world cup title world championships won gold medals final winter world cup tour won titles world championships claimed overall world cup time seven world cup seasons won world cup races achieved podium finishes germany world cup team won relay races mixed relay events appearances world championships claimed medals gold silver bronze addition won seven junior world championship titles known fastest cross country noted volatile shooting performances standing position particularly early years career expense better results lived village birth age joined german customs administration member government funded customs ski team winning world championship gold medals home country popular female athletes named german year early life born german alpine resort town second children bank clerk paul wife elder brother paul younger siblings brother sister anna sister aspiring junior competitions member youth squad ski association grew small village approximately kilometres started alpine skiing years old later tried winter sports hometown ski club age finished high school decided pursue career parents reluctant eventually supported ambition professional career early career world cup debut started years old participated try course local ski club won races student cup german ski association claiming overall title respective age group years row finishing school joined german customs administration august member government supported customs ski team ski team officially holds rank head customs officer time professional athlete customs obligations team mates alpine skiing world champion maria december won german cup year olds led appointment european cup competition wins european level qualified junior youth world championships france won sprint relay events silver pursuit year later junior youth world championships finland claimed silver medals pursuit relay won sprint discipline success junior level years old considered germany biggest talents achieving results senior level signed sponsorship deal season appearances world cup germany women national coach considered team years earlier parents hometown coaches mayer reluctant let start prematurely january debut world cup sprint race germany substituted injured appearance ended unsuccessfully coming 41st place appointed world cup races remainder season returned favourites junior youth world championships isle maine united_states won titles pursuit relay addition silver medal sprint race participate winter olympics german team world cup march achieved finishes fourth sprint came ninth mass start race world championship titles season competed races world cup winter fixture german team season proved fastest cross country years old regularly set fastest course times january won world cup event sprint race germany victory home soil crowd people received considerable media attention national spotlight time days later pursuit race forgot rifle warm handed new magazine prone shooting managed finish despite total shooting errors scheduled compete junior world championships following world cup win instead appointed senior world championships italy february won gold sprint beating sweden anna seconds world championship event second victory senior level day later claimed pursuit title spite shooting errors following 14th place mass start alongside won gold relay race february titles championship successful athlete youngest triple world champion end season continued successful run world cup wins march won pursuit mass start races oslo norway won sprint pursuit events season final russia giving seven career world cup wins ended complete season fourth overall world cup standings finished second pursuit discipline course months emerged germany popular female athletes end earned estimated million sponsorship endorsement deals overall world cup winner season missing podium season world cups germany winning relay team december claimed eighth world cup win mass start january later month won relay race german team shortly 21st birthday decided compete junior youth world championships held january time eligible enter won gold sprint pursuit withdrew individual race prepare senior world championships alongside german team mates leading world championships sweden tried lower expectations stating repeat year performance impossible failed defend titles sprint pursuit races shooting errors preventing better results finished 17th sixth respectively february won mixed relay michael claim gold medal days later won second title mass start beating norway seconds shooting errors compared norwegian lap later described hardest fought victory alongside claimed gold relay race february winning titles youngest time world champion status germany biggest star following world cups won sprint races south_korea tenth eleventh world cup victories second place finish penultimate mass start race season won mass start world cup season final oslo claimed season sprint world cup took yellow overall world cup leader time career race season ninth place mass start ensured overall world cup victory youngest overall world cup winner international union established setbacks season preparation season affected illnesses summer battled fungus forced pause training seven weeks later attributed pressure public expectations october contracted november infection caused miss weeks training subsequently ski speed saw substantial drop start season world cups achieved individual courtesy good shooting performances skiing following christmas break skiing times improved january winning german relay team beat team mate seconds sprint won following pursuit event marked world cup wins thirteen missed podium leading mass start seconds final shooting missed targets eventually finishing sixth result received public attention later described pivotal moment career called total end world suffered setbacks world championships struggled cold high number shooting errors finished eighth sprint crashed downhill slope came eleventh pursuit race appointed individual race start mixed relay cold february claimed silver germany women relay team alongside day championships came seventh mass start race olympic rehearsal vancouver canada march claimed individual world cup despite having won race discipline won vancouver relay race german team second sprint seconds sweden season final won pursuit race 14th world cup win ended season fourth overall world cup generally considered disappointing media later revealed public expectations constant media attention season extremely difficult psychologically briefly contemplated retirement started working psychologist cut media appearances possible summer double olympic champion season competed summer world championships time september held reluctantly agreed training participate summer event contested roller ski went win gold competitions sprint pursuit mixed relay missed world cup season cold december returned following races affected cold finished outside winter came finishing sprint second pursuit race secured olympic qualification german team shortly sprint january injured warm withdraw returned came sprint mass start race relay season dealt blow german team penalty loops germany finishing fourth eventually competitors missing world cup winter olympics won events individual race career sprint giving career world cup wins came second pursuit marked seventh consecutive podium finish went winter olympics vancouver declared aim winning gold medal february participated opening sprint contested olympic park rainy conditions shooting error claimed silver medal finishing seconds slovakia lost seconds cross country course led speculation inferior ski preparation german media days later won gold subsequent pursuit race despite missing targets standing position beat sprint winner seconds olympic event finished tenth individual shooting mistakes said difficult immediately concentration winning gold medal february claimed second gold games mass start missing targets trailing seconds pushed pace clean final standing shoot allowed overtake russia lap race announcement participate relay citing mental exhaustion desire team mates chance win medal withdrawal allowed friend start olympic games germany successful athlete vancouver chosen carry german flag closing ceremony following olympic success continued good form season remaining world cups finishing races came second pursuit oslo mass start race increased world cup lead taking yellow vancouver ended season 19th world cup win mass start ensured overall world cup making german woman win world cup second time won pursuit mass start discipline world cups event winter mixed relay world championship won gold alongside simon claim seventh world title record world champion season summer admitted struggling motivation upcoming season having won title sport years old vowed continue career world championships december suffered cold missing season world cup second year row started season managed seventh place finishes winning german relay team stop season won sprint race spite shooting errors claiming 20th career victory continued winter mixed results january reached podium coming second respectively relay germany team coming sixth place team worst result worst personal result months finishing 16th place individual race ended streak consecutive finishes including wins world cup struggled illness participated concluding mass start coming 6th place world cup stops february united_states returned good health showed consistency worst result 6th place finish isle maine won mixed relay german team week later fort kent maine finished races podium came sprint second pursuit claimed 21st world cup win mass start race world championships world championships won gold silver medals claimed silver alongside michael opening mixed relay march won sprint race courtesy clean shooting performance finished second pursuit fifth individual subsequently march won second title mass start despite errors following day claimed gold women relay tina running leg germany started fourth seconds lead pulled entire time moved lap medals successful female athlete history world championships season ended disappointment oslo claiming 24th career win sprint moved second place overall world cup ranking suffered cold pull penultimate race winter pursuit started seconds effectively ended hopes retaining world cup crown eventually finished fifth overall standings having missed season races final world cup winter season start season hinted upcoming season began winter best season start career beating seconds sprint claim 25th world cup win came individual pursuit took yellow overall world cup leader december announced retirement end season explained early departure sport age lack motivation desire normal life nonetheless continued good form claimed 26th world cup win sprint christmas won individual races world cup wins women relay incurred penalties final shooting likely german victory suffered biggest career fired wrong targets pursuit dropping seventh place recovered quickly winning sprint race week later february claimed double sprint pursuit victory oslo despite suffering cold forced withdraw mass start world cup stop world championships reached sixth sprint win season extended world cup lead world championships won bronze opening mixed relay alongside march claimed 11th world title sprint race courtesy clean shooting dropped second place day later pursuit overtook final shooting bout second week championships struggled shooting reached 23rd place individual worst world championships result tina won second gold medal women relay march despite penalty loop concluding mass start came tenth place shooting mistakes total 12th gold medal second successful time world championships male record holder having led standings second race winter won overall world cup title season final russia claimed 34th final world cup win sprint won sprint world cup thanks unprecedented sprint wins victories total final world cup season successful career second woman win overall title twice march ended career sixth place mass start skiing fastest female cross country world cup races set fastest course time race time time spent shooting range penalty loop addition fastest career races world cup races season achieved average course times best result fourth fastest pursuit race season finished fastest races came fastest seven won world cup dominating skiing performances set fastest course time races second fastest remaining beginning season substantial drop skiing times series illnesses recovered set fastest course time remaining races january onwards olympic season started slowly december came finishing fastest races second best winter set fastest second fastest skiing time races fast cross country early age years old won cross country skiing competition entered local ski club junior level lap times german student cup comparable older male opponents age managed set skiing times male training partners preparation season kilometres training increased volume kilometres season ski speed able compensate shooting errors penalty loop metres long normally takes seconds world cup wins world championships pursuit world championships mass start pursuit additional penalty loops compared second place finisher march came second mass start race despite completing penalty loops reached place pursuit january missed targets world cup victory individual discipline january compensated total time penalty minutes kilometres cross country course incurred additional shooting errors skiing statistics key number respective times achieved number races entered percentage results world cup races relay events statistics march shooting averaged career shooting accuracy career average prone position career average standing position shooting results prone position similar contenders standing shoot long weak point hit percentage average world cup field improved considerably later seasons accuracy solid shooting results season debut average dropped complete season won world cup shooting accuracy lowest result overall world cup winner roughly cent previous winners averages steadily increased shooting following seasons average career best results olympic season season set career high standing position accuracy shooting performances regular topic german media times reluctant discuss shooting interviews said public contributes problem insisted difficulties standing position technical weaknesses psychological training results good results team mates explained interviews developed fear standing shooting time knowing justify race missed trained shooting coach large calibre world champion subsequently changed stance slightly worked psychologist primarily focusing mental techniques build confidence shooting range standing position average improved wearing ear races order better concentrate shooting individual race places high emphasis shooting traditionally worst discipline shooting error results minute time penalty instead penalty loop won races perfect shooting record sprint march world championship sprint final season shot clean occasions sprint march coming fourth place sprint december finishing worst shooting performance came december total shooting errors world cup pursuit shooting occurred mass start race january clean shots leading seconds final shooting missed targets eventually dropping sixth place shooting statistics key hits shots percentage results world cup races including relay events statistics march personal life lived bavaria germany small alpine village people birth bought grandmother house lives flat plays owns motorcycle said enjoys mountain hiking swimming season involved nearly year relationship austrian ski technician met junior youth world championships autumn lived relationship chief technician months december confirmed romantic relationship school day friend couple married march daughter anna born media popular winter sport germany world cup event shown live german television january world cup races regularly seen million viewers following world championship titles quickly germany popular female sport stars nicknamed gold media years spotlight signed endorsement deals claimed numerous awards popularity grew success winter olympics second gold medal win olympic mass start seen live million television viewers cent market share watched programme games germany withdrawal olympic relay dominating stories winter olympics germany leading media speculation pulling entirely decision later received fair play medal germany olympic society setting example team spirit won award chosen national coaches world cup teams female athlete year awarded ski golden ski highest award german ski association forum consortium journalists form countries named year seasons beating male counterparts respectively chosen germany year country sports journalists following years came award voted second place olympic medal winners received silver laurel leaf highest state decoration athletes germany readers germany selling newspaper voted seventh greatest german time named german year months retirement received germany year award time interest addressed german media maintains website includes detailed instructions blog stated usually takes equipment travels season way relax declined offer appear nude german edition playboy outside germany particularly popular russia fan club said receive half fan mail appeared advertising campaign line explained tried use deliberate attempt correct media image irritated public persona little sweet ambassador women world cup germany member board trustees munich bid host winter olympics record olympic games won gold medals silver medal winter olympic games appearance winter olympics vancouver canada won gold pursuit mass start event claimed silver opening sprint winning medals decided participate concluding relay race world championships successful female history world championships won seventeen medals gold silver bronze debut world championships italy won titles sprint pursuit relay year later world championships sweden claimed gold medals winning mass start relay mixed relay events win title world championships south_korea best result silver medal relay event won second mixed relay gold russia world championships won titles sprint mass start relay silver medals pursuit mixed relay final championships won world titles sprint relay fourth silver pursuit bronze medal mixed relay world cup world cup season appeared races finishing 34th overall standings season regular german team ended season fourth place won world cup time won sprint mass start disciplines finished season fourth winning individual discipline year season won overall world cup second time winning pursuit mass start scores claimed world cup title won sprint discipline second time finished fifth season ranking final world cup season won overall world cup title sprint discipline key races number entered races races points won world cup points position world cup season ranking statistics march world cup wins course seven seasons reached personal world cup wins history international union ranked second time career victories addition won relay races mixed relay events german world cup team started slowly beginning winter season claimed individual victories christmas consequently wins came month march geographically wins occurred russia followed italy germany key world championships olympic games statistics march overall record seven season world cup tour competed total races winning win percentage claimed win discipline scored world cup points races reached total world cup individual races team events addition achieved finishes cent races entered results world cup races including relay events statistics march junior youth world championships won seven gold silver medals junior youth world championships exception individual discipline won medal race entered junior world championships france won titles sprint relay year later claimed gold sprint race finland won titles pursuit relay isle maine united_states participate event returned junior world championships held germany winning gold medals sprint pursuit achievements honours international titles winter olympic games gold pursuit mass start overall world cup winner individual world cup winner sprint world cup winner pursuit world cup winner mass start world cup winner world championships gold sprint pursuit relay mass start relay mixed relay mixed relay sprint mass start relay sprint relay junior youth world championships gold medals awards german year award female newcomer year award female athlete year ski year forum


alpine skiing paralympic alpine skiing adaptation alpine skiing athletes disability sport evolved efforts disabled veterans germany austria second world war sport governed international paralympic committee sports committee primary equipment includes sit alpine skiing disciplines include downhill super giant super combined alpine skiing classification classification system alpine skiing designed fair competition alpine different types disabilities classifications grouped general disability types standing blind sitting system created alpine skiing allow classification fairly compete race despite different functional skiing levels medical problems alpine skiing foundation sports winter paralympics giant events held different disciplines added paralympic programme time winter paralympics alpine skiing events held disciplines included downhill super combined super giant history skiing sport people disabilities traces origins second world war produced large numbers wounded soldiers germany lost leg successfully attached pair short austrian veteran lost legs hand grenade taught ski eventually ski instructor founded division austrian ski association handicapped annual races held austria key figure history paralympic sport helped organise ski events united_states began teaching skiing army hospitals 1960s number organisations founded long time disability skiing restricted blind jean ski instructor lost began skiing program colorado blind international competition world disabled alpine championships held france paralympics alpine skiing foundation sports winter paralympics giant events held winter paralympics downhill event added alpine programme sit skiing demonstration sport winter paralympics downhill giant events programme winter paralympics super giant added alpine skiing programme alpine skiing classes sitting visually impaired added medal events having standing classes competing previous games winter paralympics women downhill men visually impaired downhill held day men standing sitting downhill taking place day men standing sitting super took place day men visually impaired women super taking place day men standing sitting giant took place day women men visually impaired giant taking place day men standing sitting took place day women men visually impaired taking place day winter paralympics major changes classification system games combined classes groups results different classifications group games super male competitors compared women standing group winter paralympics alpine skiing events held disciplines included downhill super combined super giant time super combined paralympic programme downhill event men women standing class men women sitting class men women vision impaired class super combined men women standing men women sitting men women vision impaired race shortest course length major alpine events games downhill held men women classes day super held men women standing classes day visual impaired sit competing super day super combined classes held day standing giant men women held day remaining classes day held standing men women day remaining classes day winter paralympics alpine skiing took place extreme park added discipline games cross held super downhill super combined giant downhill event visually impaired men women downhill standing men women downhill sitting men women participated super visually impaired men women super standing event men women super sitting participated men women men women super combined downhill super combined took place march gender cross events took place march governance rules events international national events sport include winter paralympics world championships world cups continental cups national championships races different countries actively compete alpine skiing sport governed international paralympic committee sports committee rules alpine skiing set forth rules regulations event specific rules created events like paralympic games set rules created specified handbook govern sanctioned events like paralympic games years competition rules classes use rules set modified rules created international ski federation rules set 42nd international ski conference rule sets worked concert rules rules alpine skiing providing modifications alpine skiing alpine sports assembly executive committee determine eligible compete sanctioned events discretion regardless rules national paralympic committees rule sets national competitions equipment sitting primary equipment sport includes sit depending classification equipment including guide cut ski poles aids standing different class rules determine sort equipment allowed competition pole poles poles rules equipment use competition set minimum lengths competition men needing centimetres long women needing centimetres long maximum height millimetres sit designed wheelchair users form sit ski built bavaria region germany early sit alpine skiing wide brakes custom built fit specific weight ski prevented skiing steep slopes sit ski development continued 1980s modern version demonstrated switzerland workshop hosted swiss association technology advanced chair developed attached able bodied weight dramatically reduced allowing ski slopes compete current sit include seat belts able bodied evolved event sit use changed sit use specially designed ski called ski called maxi ski lower limb disabilities including variation ski exists knee ski developed austria early 1980s knee engineer fundamental design created currently competition ski quickly german built workshop ski uses able bodied alpine skiing adapted sits chair attached ski spring ski winter paralympics known sit ski consists seat mounted metal frame shock beneath seat riding uneven terrain helps turning ski snow contact modern interface single ordinary alpine ski means ski foot metal plastic block shape boot sole ski binding uses stability resembles short ski people new skiing surprised terrain advanced found carving turns runs skiing terrain parks race courses terrain short stand alpine ski technology advanced technology north_america 1970s early 1980s early sit took form metal runners downhill sit ski invented american peter dragging long poles snow method turns actually harder effectively users proficient descend intermediate terrain assistance early 80s europeans experimenting ski mounted small place today minimal bucket seats large shells leaf springs instead slide ski design proved accident prone soon abandoned single ski manufacturers middle decade technology migrated canada continents modern began emerge united_states enabling technologies unique sunrise medical shadow dan commercially available austria france usa major companies took paralympic winter games demonstration sport medal categories added sitting standing standing competitors classifications ski poles small end assist balancing ski slopes moving short distances enabling things like climb slope chair lift equipment equipment gear wearing special boots helmets ski suits paralympic games equipment prohibited having advertisements boots attach ski heel toe designed provide support foot ankle use materials boot construction like hard helmets competition required hard shell helmets visual guides assist course guides vision assist slopes telling voice radio use guide course competition guide eligible medal competed duration discipline event like guide required licence order participate competition adhere anti rules disciplines alpine skiing disciplines include downhill super giant super combined rules disciplines based rules set international ski federation rules adapted disabilities skiing disciplines reach speeds kilometres hour downhill speed based timed discipline competitors ski steep course finish metres metres lower started containing turns jumps winner determined based run course competitor fastest time winner navigate gates downhill fewest number gates alpine disciplines miss set disqualified competitions require qualification entry qualify discipline downhill super disabled points available sanctioned events race included current paralympic programme women centimetres long tolerance men ski length centimetres long tolerance women men need minimum radius metres curved ski poles event men women need profile radius millimetres speeds event kilometres hour start event required practice run required wear helmet runs super developed 1980s super technical known speed navigate course vertical drop metres metres compared alpine skiing disciplines course tends mid length longer giant shorter downhill course discipline competitors ski alternating red blue gates metres apart men needing clear gates women needing clear gates competitions require qualification entry qualify discipline downhill super disabled points available sanctioned events race included current paralympic programme women centimetres long tolerance men ski length centimetres long tolerance women men need minimum radius metres men women need profile radius millimetres curved ski poles event giant vertical drop metres metres technical alpine skiing disciplines discipline involves runs course shorter downhill longer having fewer turns course winner determined based combined time races run finishers eliminated competition discretion judges starting order second run starts slowest fastest run skiing 15th finished outside ski order based times run example 18th fastest finisher run 18th second run competitions modified instead run jointly sanctioned events race included current paralympic programme straight ski poles event event norwegian word meaning sloping path event technical alpine skiing disciplines vertical drop metres metres intentionally course shortest alpine skiing events uses different courses course finishing position determined based combined course completion time gates event men women misses gate disqualified race run finishers eliminated competition discretion judges starting order second run starts slowest fastest run skiing 15th finished outside ski order based times run example 18th fastest finisher run 18th second run straight ski poles event competitions require qualification entry qualify discipline downhill super run jointly sanctioned events race included current paralympic programme wear pads competing discipline super combined super combined event combination disciplines super downhill event downhill course course twice times races combined fastest time winning vertical drops metres metres men women races course run distance metres metres course alternating gates sport open standing competitors classification alpine skiing classification classification system alpine skiing designed fair competition alpine different types disabilities classifications grouped general disability types standing blind sitting classification governance handled international paralympic committee alpine skiing classified based medical assessment body position ski blind evaluated purely medical assessment prior sport governing bodies dealt classification including international sports organization disabled international games federation international blind sports federation cerebral international sports recreation association classification systems governed bodies international paralympic committee alpine skiing systems international competition sport open competitors visual physical disability open people intellectual disabilities classification systems alpine skiing developed scandinavia early systems designed time equipment developed allow participation spinal cord injuries goal early classification systems functional ended medical classification systems winter paralympics classifications sport 1980s classification existed cerebral time inspiration wheelchair basketball classification efforts classification functional system classes existed 1980s efforts improve efficiency classification reducing number classes fewer medals rewarded factor system system created alpine skiing allow grouping classifications general groups sitting standing visually impaired medal event held group wide range functional mobility medical differences system works having number class based functional mobility vision levels results calculated finish time number resulting number determine winner events factor system means faster hill winner event system alpine skiing competitions including alpine cup north american races european cup world cup events world championships winter paralympics disciplines use results combine classes competing specific class


mark mark australian alpine classified dealt twice child age severed spinal cord accident riding parents farm subsequently tried different sports working manufacturing melbourne involved skiing volunteer serving administrative roles organisations finalist pride australia awards courage took skiing following accident attending camp australia travelled colorado attend camp coming australia attend camp ranked australia second best sit world attempted winter paralympics earned bronze medals skiing events new_zealand member australian paralympic skiing team based australian institute sports trying secure spot winter paralympics russia personal year old diagnosed doctors chances survival despite declared cancer free age cancer came years old child played australian rules football member little athletics attended college november age severed spinal cord accident riding parents farm keen exercise soon rehabilitation tried sports including wheelchair tennis wheelchair rugby wheelchair basketball following accident attempt find feel able bodied drove tried learning worked manufacturing melbourne volunteers disabled winter sport australia ski guide raised assist australian afford equipment compete time gave skiing lessons board able management group organisation assisting people disabilities alpine skiing serves fundraising committee involved founding free ride team australian paralympic committee speakers program helped conduct skiing camps victoria finalist pride australia awards courage skiing classified accident took sit skiing injuries able adapt ski day trying disability australia camp falls creek year following camp went colorado participated skiing camp specifically people use following australian ski season participated learn ski race camp trains mount falls creek australia colorado united_states ranked australia second best sit world december year competed ski spectacular beaver run resort colorado finished thirteenth giant time run second run combined run time trying qualify winter paralympics time second ranked class australia ranked world going ski season needed raise allow compete internationally qualify games august competed winter games peak men sitting event new_zealand winter games finished men sitting giant event time arriving late event training time learn course skiing event new_zealand finished super competed alpine skiing cup copper mountain colorado earned fourth place finishes seventh place finish early trip prior competing broke race ski equipment difficulties cup result time giant race member australian paralympic skiing team based australian institute sports trying secure spot winter paralympics january austria compete year liberty corporation signed professional team