arthur born july career united_states_army soldier retired received military highest decoration medal honor actions afghanistan operation enduring freedom born santa new_mexico active youth joined army high school completing ranger program deployed times iraq afghanistan member 2nd battalion 75th ranger regiment seventh deployment member team mission capture target province despite wounded legs gunfire continued fight orders grenade landed soldiers grabbed attempted throw away saved soldiers lives grenade exploded right hand second recent living recipient medal war afghanistan received award president barack_obama opting spite injury remained active duty army retirement july paying tribute missing action prisoners war completed day cross country run wall month man ceremonial team lay tomb arlington national cemetery early life education born july santa new_mexico larry sons older brothers larry lloyd younger brothers lincoln youth described active likable friends family attended santa high school poor student repeated freshman year sophomore transferred catherine indian school private school santa academic performance substantially improved growing played football basketball enjoyed fixing cars cooking spare time graduated class graduate catherine closed spent year studying new_mexico highlands university las_vegas new_mexico worked vehicle maintenance department public transportation father grandfather signs local business signs career influenced cousin joined army rangers enlisted army santa september ranger attended basic combat training advanced individual training fort georgia time september 11th attacks training ranger completion training assigned 2nd battalion 75th ranger regiment based joint base lewis washington state total deployments supporting operation iraqi freedom supporting operation enduring freedom spent total months deployed time iraq afghanistan served number positions including squad automatic leader squad leader operations sergeant weapons squad leader medal honor staff sergeant unit mission province afghanistan assigned company 2nd battalion 75th ranger regiment daylight raid capture high value target locate platoon headquarters target building secured serve senior non commissioned officer site remainder operation team rangers encountered armed immediately getting helicopters delivered unit attack site rangers came strong fire provided additional supervision assaulting squad clearance building afterward took private class lucas robinson clear outer courtyard fighters courtyard chicken fired robinson wounded round went legs robinson wounded hit armor plate protecting led robinson cover chicken reported contact wounded condition threw grenade cover chicken men joined sergeant daniel assessed wounds soldiers fighter threw grenade position landed meters detonated blast knocked soldiers ground wounding wounding robinson shortly joined staff sergeant james roberts specialist christopher fighter threw grenade landed feet robinson knowing risk picked attempted throw grenade direction later recalled immediate reaction away guys reached right grabbed hand threw hard thought time soon opened hand let exploded instantly came hand completely severed right hand sprayed body likely saved soldiers injury death placed right arm roberts began fire fighters suppressing courtyard additional fighter east end courtyard fired fatally wounding robinson returned fire killing fighter joined sergeant class platoon sergeant specialist directing treat assisted casualty collection point return service wounds resulted right arm having elbow evacuated american hospital germany spent weeks recovery transferred army medical center fort hood texas uses advanced prosthetic place right hand prosthetic small plaque listing names fallen rangers regiment recovering seek medical discharge instead deployed afghanistan recovering receiving medal honor later promoted rank sergeant class received medal honor president barack_obama july ceremony white_house second living recipient medal army staff sergeant actions occurring vietnam war ninth recipient actions iraq afghanistan attendance awarding ceremony later attended medal honor ceremony marine sergeant living recipient medal vietnam following award asked appear talk shows gatherings starting good morning america spare time stayed physically active learned golf hunt water ski drive terrain vehicles use prosthetic hand enlisted army indefinite term service stationed joint base lewis washington served liaison officer united_states special operations command care coalition northwest region assisted ill injured rangers families began attending pierce college pursuing bachelor science degree business management wanted complete years active duty service medical psychological issues decided seek medical retirement july promoted master sergeant awarded legion merit retirement ceremony inducted honorable order saint officially retired united_states_army july nearly years service awards decorations received following awards medal honor citation conspicuous gallantry risk life duty staff sergeant distinguished acts gallantry risk life duty action armed enemy vicinity province afghanistan weapons squad leader company 2nd battalion 75th ranger regiment staff sergeant moved clear courtyard house potentially contained high value combatants crossing courtyard staff sergeant ranger engaged wounded automatic weapons fire enemy fighters enemy fire wounded legs staff sergeant led ranger cover reported situation engaged enemy hand grenade providing suppression ranger moved position enemy quickly responded maneuvering closer throwing grenades grenade explosion knocked fellow rangers ground wounded second grenade landed feet away instantly realizing danger staff sergeant complete disregard safety deliberately moved forward picked grenade effort clear immediate threat threw grenade away fellow rangers releasing grenade detonated right hand wrist injuring multiple wounds picking throwing live grenade wounded staff sergeant act undeniably saved fellow rangers severely wounded killed despite severity wounds staff sergeant continued maintain presence mind place right wrist communicating situation radio order coordinate support fellow wounded rangers staff sergeant extraordinary heroism devotion duty keeping highest traditions military service reflect great credit 75th ranger regiment united_states_army personal life wife children son children previous relationship brittany austin reagan honors june foot tall bronze steel statue george rivera governor unveiled santa city hall visiting dignitaries medal honor recipient bruce city santa announced south meadows bridge santa river sgt class arthur bridge


frank frank arthur february february new_zealand sailor explorer served imperial trans expedition captain endurance served royal_navy reserve world war born new_zealand february joined new_zealand shipping company served aboard vessels running trade routes new_zealand england south pacific south pacific service renowned ability navigate tiny remote islands joined royal_navy reserve served hms year returning merchant navy joined imperial trans expedition aimed cross continent expedition ship endurance trapped ice wrecked rest expedition sailed elephant island peninsula sailed foot james miles stormy south atlantic_ocean eventually arriving intended destination south georgia navigation skills crucial safe arrival james tom climbed snow ice mountainous south georgia hour march help station returned elephant island aboard chilean naval ship rescue remaining members expedition survived world war captained ship responsible sinking german boat september carrying manoeuvre role sinking awarded distinguished service order later war worked transportation supplies arctic russia north russia intervention earning bar later appointed officer order british_empire served expedition captain quest merchant navy led expedition arctic circle participated treasure hunt island wrote books relating experiences polar exploration sailing career second world war initially served international red_cross france norway age rejoin merchant navy officials discovered actual age released duty died lung cancer england early life frank arthur born february new_zealand children farmer henry wife grandfather henry francis migrated rugby england aboard cornwall arrived large family december family lived valley high mother died sent school father moved family work clearing bush land time age helped clearing land sheep pasture growing frank older brother harry left join new_zealand shipping company apprentice time father moved family frank year old sister frank attended school marked final year schooling head boy like brother frank interested career sea application join new_zealand shipping company declined short stature successful months later signed junior aboard transported wool london maritime career served number sailing ships company running trade route new_zealand england years mate fifth officer following year officer left new_zealand shipping company join new_zealand government steamer service posting aboard steamer served pacific islands second mate considered good experienced officer voyage anchored harbour capital city german night went ashore stole ensign flown german harbour discovering theft consul suspected culprit crew merchant vessel harbour time party sailors sms anchored harbour consul boarded looking ensign left handed ship captain protested captain later found responsible affect career prospects posted steamer chief officer june sat examination foreign master certificate passed good marks students commended efforts qualified master command given schooner sailed trade routes south pacific mainly cook islands new_zealand royal_navy reserve command joined royal_navy reserve january appointed sub lieutenant sold left command stay employ new_zealand government steamer service decided look abroad work travelled sydney found berth chief officer hms delivery voyage new_zealand having recently purchased new_zealand government arrived wellington march selected command ship converted training vessel conversion incomplete left england early arrival england march presented training posted hms received specialist training torpedoes gunnery navigation promoted lieutenant following served number royal_navy ships including months hms years returned merchant navy found position line royal mail sailed regularly england canada south_america intermittently called service years included month spent aboard hms new_zealand imperial trans expedition explorer began preparing expedition goal completing crossing continent failure robert falcon scott beat norwegian south pole considered britain reputation polar exploration expedition intended return country forefront set headquarters road london interviewing candidates expedition available position captain expedition vessel endurance london awaiting new berth joined expedition result dream navigating ship drifting street took day street noticed sign building advertising called imperial trans expedition promptly entered building met minutes conversation offered endurance accepted endurance left england august destined buenos_aires travelling separately join expedition departure expedition troubled impending outbreak world war prompted members including anticipating propose voyage admiralty advised proceed plans britain declared war imperial germany august prior departure endurance approached authorities advised personnel called time steaming south_america fuel ran low wood intended planned buildings expedition base antarctica engine running ran relatively relaxed ship little discipline control alcohol consumption crew members got brawl neutral port anchored harbour neighbouring german ship swung endurance damaging enraged boarded german ship members expedition forced crew repair damage caused handling voyage date caught expedition buenos_aires began concerns choice captain command resupply expedition party winter antarctica began doubt leadership skills sufficient achieve buenos_aires endurance left remote island south georgia south atlantic october duly arrived station norwegian outpost november confirmed initial reports buenos_aires pack ice north usual followed advice delay departure later summer december endurance steamed south sea endurance encountered pack ice days leaving south georgia began working ship occasion necessary ram path ice progress intermittent days little days large stretches open water allowed swift passage southwards direct crow nest breaks ice time realised temperament suited giving orders following determination january ship days apparent endurance held fast likely remain upcoming winter trapped ship slowly drifted westwards ice expedition settled winter original plan leave shore party mainland took endurance northwards expectation entire expedition live aboard ship long term challenge slept depths winter shock rest aboard ship taking snow ice little endurance trapped occupied taking ocean collecting specimens later wrote report entitled biological magnetic record sea july obvious ice likely crush endurance pressure instructed prepared quickly abandon ship need arose initially asking seriously mean tell ship doomed responded ship live finally october pressure ice caused stern post endurance twist ship began quickly let water desperate attempts fix leak pump ship dry gave order abandon ship days later essential supplies expedition set october island miles northeast days clear condition ice rough having travelled mile half endurance sinking set camp wait ice break lumber tents salvaged crushed ship fully submerged reasonable camp known ocean camp established expedition stayed months december struck camp conditions day temperature warmed resolved night endurance hard work little week men forced camp underneath ice continued northwards april nearly sight elephant island beginning break ordered expedition placing charge took week reach elephant island ice currents progress nights involved camping nearby ice constant risk breaking nights boats spending going sleep hours straight experience open boats came fore sound handling navigation guiding fleet elephant island found favourable wind conditions final night sea elephant island having sighted earlier day heavy seas separated boat boat taking water caught rip steered night relieved early morning promptly fell asleep kicks head years later eventually found method companions shake deep sleep shore april landing beach elephant island expedition landfall months voyage james quickly apparent elephant island miles rock ice little shelter welcoming environment particularly winter approaching expedition members weakened ordeal furthermore expedition expected spotted search parties passing days landing elephant island decided small party sail largest james named expedition sponsors south georgia miles away obtain ship return remainder men navigational skills impressed volunteered accompany james originally built specifications feet long expedition carpenter harry immediately set improving april weather clear days supplies boat left elephant island faced task navigating southern ocean south georgia margin error james sail south atlantic missed island mean certain death remaining elephant island weather fine day departure island allowed obtain sun sighting ensure rated shortly start voyage james addition carried sailors john vincent mccarthy experienced tom encountered ice found way open ocean crew set watches journey eventually days strong heavy seas reach south georgia voyage weather proved stormy overcast unable sightings described sighting mast arm swinging fore aft round mast catch sun boat highest crest sea times sea conditions rough crew members taking sightings occasion temperature bitter man spend minute shifts away ice coated surfaces james affecting heavy seas meant considerable risk man overboard weeks began worry lack sightings advised position miles accuracy result opted aim western south georgia meant given prevailing winds missed target carried east_coast island following day began observe drifting circulating overhead indicating presence land ahead crew sighted south georgia cape precisely line course calculated saw black snow flanks glimpse hidden looked cheerful sea wind conditions unable way norwegian stations miles away east_coast instead king bay drinking water forced high seas approach rocky coast care night gale blew strongly following day despite best efforts stayed offshore night conditions better adverse winds caused failure attempts carefully sailed james rocky reef guarding king bay beach trek nearby stream crew james spent night south georgia cave day announced intention walk overland norwegian station bay island crew exhausted james battered consider sailing island trek bay miles resting days tom set interior south georgia mountainous covered glaciers map south georgia showed coastline occasions forced route found impassable non stop trek hours trio reached bay taken manager station unable recognise met expedition island nearly years previously hot bath large meal set collect men left king bay night strong struck island developed trek likely killed fortunate weather relatively good trek island later talk fourth presence accompanied account walk write find counting party course strange mentally reviewing crossing think fourth correct day mccarthy vincent picked unable recognise stepped ashore james pulled beach turned serve shelter retrieved rescue days brought bay crew volunteers station set hired ship elephant island got miles island ice prevented passage south unable break passage ice steamed islands obtain suitable vessel news fate expedition reached britain despite messages goodwill support british vessel found discovery robert falcon scott old ship available october war tied available resources waiting october acceptable desperately concerned men elephant island continued search ship british foreign office prevailed governments chile argentina suitable vessel came forward small survey ship sailed sight elephant island turn effort vessel set sail july failed weeks weather chile offered use steel steamer set crew august fortunately contrast previous attempt weather mild august reached elephant island great joy found men left alive hour retrieved wanting risk trapped ice quickly departed arenas greeted great fanfare later wrote sorry men lived horrible place months misery away boat journey attempts rescue ending joyful relief king bay advised fate ross sea party tasked laying depots intended route antarctica men forming winter party set base point ship aurora owned cape evans ship broke free trapped ice badly damaged drifted ice months broke free captain joseph able sail new_zealand march heard stranded winter party point nearly years rest survivors party argentina left new_zealand hoped find ship south retrieve ross sea party brought intending use services winter party arrival new_zealand december found ship expected use aurora captain meantime australian new_zealand british governments forward funds rescue influenced explorer douglas disliked australian government appointed captain protracted negotiations sailed board aurora officer left paid passage britain seven surviving members winter party duly rescued later awarded polar medal service expedition world war shortly returned new_zealand ross sea having picked survivors winter party travelled england aboard officer wanted join fight imperial germany arriving liverpool way london quickly assigned hms shore station chatham months learned fighting boats causing considerable damage supply convoys crossing atlantic tactics deployed boats involved use ships small merchant vessels fitted hidden armament deployed boats surfaced approached seemingly unarmed ship tactic use boats patrol boats carried convoy escort duties anti submarine work boats distinctive profile effectiveness wore boat commanders began recognise avoid later built boats designed conventional profile merchant ship similar ships july appointed commander later boats joseph officer commissioned july equipped semi automatic inch gun hidden suspended crane use ram bow shortly commissioning took new command sea patrol patrols uneventful boats sighted pursued invariably got away occasionally torpedoes fired ship felt easily identified royal_navy vessel boats cautious surface attack instead submarine use torpedoes attack ship late september patrol south ireland september nearby tanker struck torpedo boat observing explosion gradually slowed propellers hoping boat crew thinking boat leaving area submarine surface deception successful surfaced intending sink tanker deck gun immediately ordered speed ahead realising lose time ship position use guns set collision course boat intending ram submarine high speeds bow ram fitted lifted water considerably reduce speed right moment order right height strike submarine timed reduction speed perfectly struck submarine rapidly sunk nearly hands exception captain rescued later gifted silver whistle damaged tanker towed haven wales took hours area boats known role sinking awarded distinguished service order sent telegraph success conducted patrols months september given command hms ship operating mediterranean commanded commander gordon campbell war nearly excitement new posting northern russia passing london route gibraltar based met recently assigned war office international contingent destined northern russia aid white movement fight expertise polar regions recognised war office temporary rank major preparing contingent winter deployment recruited veterans endurance serve arranged keen action transferred join contingent lieutenant commander left following month arrived russia selected organised equipment supplies british forces stationed provided extensive advice derived polar experience soldiers best use resources trained use participated patrols shortage officers occasionally took command british infantry april posted took command hms cricket took river targeted villages river provided support british white russian units moving banks river operations seize ground lost winter months commanded cricket months captain hms monitor tender hms fox time command short managed attach hampshire regiment august participated raid lines raiding party men obtained useful intelligence tapping telegraph lines convoy presence soon known pursued force captain commanding party lost forest deferred navigation successfully led men safety efforts awarded bar citation award read recognition gallantry displayed north russia 2nd 5th august officer formed large patrol circumstances great danger difficulty penetrated miles enemy lines leadership kept spirits trying conditions assistance river enemy lines greatly helped success enterprise allied forces left late returned london rewarded service russia appointed order discharged service january placed retired list later year ceremony buckingham palace appointed order british_empire services great_britain quest remained near constant contact attempting expedition arctic hopeful securing suitable position expedition way meantime set shipping company friend company purchased schooner annie intention trading baltic states plan collapsed baltic freight market fell hard times eventually company started shipping freight british coast late went trading voyage iceland annie carried cargo outward trip nearly wrecked sailing coast iceland pick cargo remote port return trip england poor weather sea conditions kept annie iceland february able carry freight britain ready proceed expedition wanted captain ship quest offer quickly accepted canadian government withdrew promised financial support expedition delay finding replacement funding ate arctic sailing season wanting delay departure longer decided south instead attempt continent expedition known expedition john old friend main sponsor attempt discover sub islands spend southern winter pacific islands expedition included endurance veterans addition frank wild second command master quest expedition quest foot sealing ship sourced norway set sail september problems soon arose ship sail leaked problems engine week spent portugal undergoing repairs crossing atlantic quest spent month docks rio_de_janeiro brazil health poor time suffered heart attack declined treatment condition expedition left south georgia december island sighted january like pair kids pointing landmarks walk south georgia following day suffered fatal heart attack described loss friend terribly sad blow lost dear pal men spite faults lived despite setback expedition continued wild command returned england body january suffered accident sail quest rolling heavily ropes securing snapped stores swung crushed bridge broke ribs rest days end march briefly trapped ice sea ship reached elephant island expedition returned south georgia waiting widow directed buried south georgia returned island late february request rest expedition spent weeks south georgia assisted building memorial king edward cove expedition sailed carried mapping work stops cape_town ascension island saint expedition arrived england september arctic atlantic shipping trade occupied return england master george time shipping montreal following year command annie wrecked islands ensured evacuation crew leaving stricken ship safety shore time canada acquaintance young canadian descent preparing ship voyage arctic voyage proved short lived ship collided floating wreckage north_sea set preparing expedition following year invited provided advice previous voyage join plan sail arctic circle fly north pole crash plane pilot captain ship purchased expedition foot diesel engined called island lack funds resulted cancellation planned flight suitable plane found man expedition known north polar expedition went ahead certain mapping scientific objectives search land northeast sighted sounding continental shelf land plane flight longer viable focus expedition primarily maritime matters offered leadership expedition accepted island sailed june liverpool sailing western blade propeller island damaged collision ice engine run severe vibration felt forced continue northwards sail searching land ship reached pack ice taken confirmed presence submarine plain island group land turning south sailing northern coast previously harbour found named ship sailed north seeking land trapped ice took opportunity create ice dock facilitate repairs rudder damaged weeks ice engine break free blade propeller lost process island effectively engine prospect sailed land described sail battle polar pack pack ice august landed cape southern islands land planted union jack ship engineer claimed new set foot land expedition renamed british arctic expedition consensus participants attempts find way northwards pack ice hopes sailing ship sail island group land unsuccessful attempt island nearly collided large ordered water ship towed harm way finally september thought land spotted miles away island unable sail close confirm sighting noted west charted position land sighting island years land longer appears modern charts ship sailed north east land reaching expedition north ensured new_zealand flag flown spot expedition set sail reaching island green harbour mid october ship engine repaired green harbour closed winter accepted tow conclusion marked end expedition later wrote book voyage sail frozen north published london life completion arctic voyage returned life london reasonably high profile exploits wartime service married jean met new_zealand house london collecting mail second marriage married left time return russia couple children took years obtain divorce allow marriage jean nearly years junior place income trading wrote books articles boat journey crossing south georgia published periodical blue peter received books published single volume book considered superior account published south fourth book voyage square rigged ship published financial circumstances required write article money topics range dogs expedition pipe smoking habits elephant island conducted tours income profile enhanced publication record sailing commissions late stage life short supply lectures important source income mainly wife lent late husband enhance talks later years added talks repertoire lectures received glowing reviews local newspapers profile boosted following appearance film south released provided accent free narration film based frank film endurance expedition intercut photographic onscreen appearance film showing audience artefacts expedition like books film received 1930s yacht ship delivery company wilson limited personal experience key selling point company commercial literature company completed delivery longest delivery steamer destined hong_kong took months accompanied jean enjoyed sailing treasure hunting 60s sought adventure asked join treasury recovery limited expedition organised locate treasure allegedly hidden island pirates earlier times island base pirates attack spanish ships transporting gold south_america spain time mounting expedition believed million million gold silver buried island sailed jean company island september aboard queen scots arrival island october assisted unloading stores set village bay landing point island coast costa_rica heavily forested hard labour necessary clear likely spots searching queen scots found large expedition needs left ship return england panama canal source replacement vessel bring supplies route found government costa_rica unhappy informed expedition plans intended forcibly remove treasure hunters island despite dispatch personal cable rican president ensuing publicity england expedition men forcibly taken panama remained guard time leaders expedition returned england leaving controller remaining men funded supplies remaining men pocket eventually remaining shipped panama discharged expedition obtaining concession rican government returned island following year sailed expedition new yacht england island troubled voyage accompanied jean expedition supplies lacking mechanical failure route hampered voyage time arrival appointed controller expedition despite extensive searching crude metal trace treasure found september lecture season beginning london october left island early september involvement expedition months failed locate treasure hunt expedition ended funding ran despite lack success believed treasure found island hoped return treasure hunting exploits provided plenty material lecture tours later life second world war broke september keen contribute war effort age prevented recall royal_navy reserve eventually joined international red_cross travelled france troops british expeditionary force war sought support war office provide equipment swedish volunteers travelling finland assist fighting russians brief winter war sent norway april help secure railway links sweden red_cross intending unit country appointed advance agent norway prepare way unit germans captured dangerous red_cross involved brief visit norway returned britain commander red_cross training depot london later closed lack recruits repeatedly wrote war office offering services proposing schemes involving norway including land guns area knew arctic expedition eventually found command merchant navy giving age actually appointed master august worked harbour entrance clear wrecked shipping carried salvage work command months company owned vessel found true age replaced unhappy merchant navy reserve pool continued advocate useful posting april appointed staff training establishment royal naval volunteer reserve hms king alfred sussex giving lectures charts months transferred royal naval college sussex health began deteriorate cut pipe smoking months took ill hospitalised diagnosed lung cancer naval doctors found little discharged opted spend days life wife family good friends lived surrey died house february cremated attended service held february chapel royal_navy college adorned new_zealand ensign personal standard flown aboard quest expedition ashes scattered mouth thames river near death jean donated unpublished diaries scott polar research institute returned spent previous months live mother jean later moved following death mother lived final years spent relative financial comfort years death invested shares venezuela oil later shell oil provided good returns jean died home age room husband occupied time death couple childless legacy bust frank stands home town new_zealand sculpture created artist stephen unveiled town museum displays ensign command geographical features named including mount south georgia cape british territory ross harbour road suburb named grandfather built access road farm hectares acres land childhood home stood purchased new_zealand native forest restoration trust land borders reserve staff managing long process native forest establishing building walking tracks rod banks peninsula trust museum staff erect information panels house site teenager helped clearing bush banks peninsula restored wrote later life mad waste colonists greed grass seed sheep pasture burned millions pounds worth timber destroyed wonderful beauty bush soil carried away landslides lowered rainfall laid waste homes countless sweet


samuel samuel october june engineer military educator career officer united_states_army spent years teaching united_states military academy west_point new_york addition writing periodicals wide range subjects influential textbooks chemistry geology recalled previous mandatory retirement serve superintendent united_states military academy duration conflict known world war early life samuel born county tennessee near modern october sons lewis wife mary younger brothers raised family plantation wartime tennessee american_civil_war left farm attend miami university oxford ohio left year accept large appointment united_states military academy july months end rebellion military career proved excellent cadet graduating 3rd graduating class spent months frontier fort riley kansas returned academy period assistant professor mathematics following years alternating tours teaching assignments academy surveying portions american west addition involvement expeditions explore map parts western states arizona california idaho montana nevada new_mexico utah detailed year assistant national expedition northern tasmania observe transit venus late founding members washington club resigned given permanent assignment west_point professor chemistry geology lieutenant sat board inquiry concerning alleged assault cadets johnson professor given responsibility physical science curriculum academy army adjutant general richard drum ordered fellow academy instructor george visit harvard yale american institutions higher learning investigate new educational technologies order incorporate curriculum thirty years life devoted writing teaching academy wrote popular periodicals like popular science cosmopolitan literary journals like american monthly review reviews authored science textbooks use academy instructors notably physics work elementary lessons heat descriptive general chemistry text book important minerals rocks responsible academy geological cabinet wrote series memoirs featured works miami university historian dwight smith end career presented honorary degree yale_university years active army service classroom field retired spent time italy leaving outbreak world war settled princeton new_jersey continuing write presenting review west_point history new_york historical society october early united_states_army preparing involvement war raging europe academy instructors detailed assigned field commands left teaching staff double duty teaching officer training schools summer colonel recalled retirement serve superintendent june cadet class graduated months early assigned wartime posts class graduated autumn classes graduated june cadet class graduated armistice signed november corps cadets consisted members fourth class seen graduation entire corps cadets retired time promotion brigadier general distinguished service medal wartime service superintendent west_point refused repeated requests add military aviation curriculum legacy samuel died june home daughter martin southampton new_york buried west_point cemetery according obituary survived brother served time united_states district attorney washington brothers preceded death henry allen exploring copper river new territory alaska named discovered peak academy professor discovery proved major error survey allen mount mount non existent mount kent dallas morning news reported receiving newspaper local lawyer historian subject ufo sightings texas apparently widespread newspaper reports cigar shaped flying object started midwest southwest responding sightings previously reported morning news april respected county farmer discovered craft landed property reported human operators pilot engineer gave names operators performed minor repairs electrically powered lighter air craft flew away selected works samuel smith dwight kansas frontier samuel tour duty kansas state historical society retrieved april samuel george annual report geographical surveys west geographical surveys west 100th washington government printing office retrieved april samuel elementary lessons heat philadelphia pennsylvania retrieved april samuel fossil forests popular science monthly new_york retrieved april samuel descriptive general chemistry new_york john sons retrieved april samuel text book important minerals rocks new_york john sons retrieved april samuel west_point centenary american monthly review reviews new_york review reviews retrieved april


gordon gordon philip september january united_states_air_force major general authority air defense blunt direct manner outspoken proponent tactical aviation 1930s brotherhood airmen promoted strategic bombing succeeded claire america leading fighter aircraft benjamin wrote technical specifications led lockheed lightning bell fighters selected north american sabre america main defense fighter approved guided air air missile system carried aboard proposed missile produced falcon technical scientific minded leader helped pioneer advanced mathematics operations research computer systems centralized coordination air defense advocated expansion radar installations create air defense network explored concept military aircraft designed integrated electronics fire control system built retiring military worked defense industry early career gordon philip born georgia september regular army officer father propelled older brother united_states military academy west_point urged accept appointment united_states naval academy wanted fly rejected formal military schools instead attended university washington college university california commissioned second lieutenant united_states_army reserve november infantry seeing active duty august august reserve duty field san_francisco watched army air service pilots training military aircraft determined join leave military flying cadet army air service march entered primary flying school brooks field texas time service branch reformed united_states_army air corps september year transferred advanced flying school kelly field texas graduated february gaining commission second lieutenant air reserve assigned fifth observation squadron field new_york june appointed second lieutenant air corps regular army served adjutant lieutenant colonel benjamin unhappy absence weekend train trips connecticut girlfriend honors graduate college performed theatre plays served class officer wife successfully addressed problem inviting miss stay home weekends married church new_york_city september father producer west broadway play diamond walked aisle wedding present granted request transfer field adjutant field december wife produced daughter july gordon later year transferred field california appointed adjutant field 20th pursuit group welcomed son october edward family traveled field louisiana 20th pursuit group tactics theory recommendation entered air corps tactical school field alabama august graduated class remained school instructor maps photographs section acts joined claire favoring air defense strategy strong fighter force argued called bomber mafia believe fleets bombers considered close coordination ground units tactical air power key army doctrine july temporary rank captain named recorder air corps board field addition duties fighter aviation instructor removed degree independent command fighter squadron leaders previously ignore instructions ground backed brigadier general henry unpopular control methods proved worth ground controllers possession better information squadron leaders flight eased bomber advocates took place fighter proponent avoided fate bomber important role offensive operations felt fighter aircraft defensive role february paired lieutenant benjamin project officer fighters find way arbitrary pound limit weight fighter aircraft armament men settled term creating new army classification fighters new mission issued specification new heavily armed fighters circular proposal circular proposal requests fighters having tactical mission interception attack hostile aircraft high altitude specifications called pounds heavy armament including cannon liquid cooled engines general_electric turbo landing gear level miles hour altitude climb feet minutes toughest set specifications presented date specifications competition held eventually single engine fighter bell aircraft twin engine fighter lockheed lightning rank captain permanent june entered command general staff school fort september graduated following june assigned washington assistant chief plans division office chief air corps assumed role assistant intelligence operations officer air defense command field march led brigadier general james tasked testing air defense measures determine worked unfamiliar air defense coordinator projects time able test implement theories large scale new radar units tried incorporated command scheme giving greater reach ground controllers army maneuvers held new_york august allowed prove fighter aircraft protect domestic target air attack long anti aircraft artillery fire result said high ranking army observers october flew london temporary duty military air observer studying british air defenses returned field months executive officer temporary rank major command began drafting comprehensive air defense doctrine combined features british system advocated promoted permanent rank major february march april conducted intensive course air defense given fighter group staff including kenneth posted hawaii fighter wing august returned london observed british air defense measures december time air defense doctrine draft reviewed approved published proposed defense involved rigorous round clock coordination ground observers radar installations centralized command posts filter reports defense forces consisting anti aircraft artillery batteries barrage balloons fighter wings unusually proposed fighter wings involved air defense completely separate fighter wings making attacks enemy air forces world war attack pearl harbor assigned united_states_army air forces headquarters washington director country air defenses considered inadequate greatly increased civilian interest air defense unpublished air defense doctrine copied war department training published days pearl harbor respectively training materials emphasized regional command control air defenses fighter group commanders direct efforts anti aircraft artillery officers suggestions sticking point resisted plans implemented british radar pioneer robert watson surveyed west_coast defenses found dangerously unsatisfactory confirmation assessment found watson report indictment warning service lieutenant colonel january problem air defense panama canal zone brought civilian military defense experts organize operations research group air corps following groups formed navy promoted brigadier general november clear territory danger attacked enemy air units expertise air defense needed march director tactical development army air forces school applied tactics orlando florida reorganized army air forces board july structure tactical strategic development equal tied efforts chief air staff operations commitments requirements proving ground command school applied tactics charged developing air defense doctrines tactics testing air defense equipment methods later month ordered north african theater served chief staff mediterranean air command andrew argued plans operation tidal wave august air attack oil operation resulted heavy american casualties little effect oil production described thing ridiculous october appointed commander fighter command tactical air command january named deputy commander air support command tactical air command mediterranean achieved close coordination air power infantry tactics employed normandy invasion fighter aircraft clearing enemy units roads lines took operation effort deny roads rail german supply columns critical high altitude bombing wrote privately friend april waste effort trying hit railroad tracks bridges simply fantastic promoted major general june distinguishing operation invasion southern france assumed command tactical air_force january following month returned united_states temporary assignment headquarters march commander iii tactical air command field months later appointed deputy commander air transport command washington cold war january sent brazil serve chief air section joint brazil united_states military commission stationed american embassy rio_de_janeiro took family brazil enrolled daughter american school rio_de_janeiro graduated high school june time reformed independent service branch united_states_air_force vice chief staff light developing cold war threat soviet long range bombers determined expertise critically needed ordered authority air defense scientifically minded return june assignment headquarters air_force base evaluated ambitious radar fence plan major general francis recently failed congress expensive manpower material long place determined practical radar defense plan bypass slow approval methods previously established pushing plan fruition angered officers expected air defense said wasn going stand line wait focused foundation radar systems concluded spend million build radar sites control centers continental radar sites facing soviet_union territory alaska controlled territorial center radar sites primarily composed older world war era microwave units augmented advanced radar units carefully positioned dubbed plan meaning hastily improvised cost radar fence plan flexible terms future expansion september told secretary defense james secretary air_force stuart assembled air_force staff america air defenses wholly inadequate chiefs staff agreed air defense second importance strong retaliation force pause november named commanding general worked combine tactical air command form backbone continental air command organization february updated house armed services committee necessity radar air defense march plan approved congress earlier asked colonel bruce evaluate existing fighter aircraft defense capabilities teamed major general william commander air proving ground air_force base measure performance realistic conditions tests showed black widow lockheed shooting star north american twin service completely inadequate stop high altitude bomber attacks night bad weather learned failure formed team evaluate prototype wright october member team disappointed performance prototypes recommended aircraft refused air defense canceled machine best poor lot pushed immediate service agreed america needed fighter zero zero conditions visibility felt design production soviets expected fleets bombers interim solution sought meeting senior officers board recommended north american sabre quantity opinion best available american weather fighter air defense government quickly ordered start april general charge devised command methods established making redundant role air defense chief support colonel jacob smart assistant commander henry arnold wrote unorthodox methods end world war provided results building air defense system worth smart said people credited recent air defense progress moved air defense operations long range planning research september arnold appointed head newly established requirements office deputy chief staff operations headquarters following january deputy chief staff development air research development command new staff section headquarters equip fighter defend new threat soviet nuclear bombers initiated design competition fire control system basis guided air air missile system simple operated pilot fighter weapons officer proposed fighter concept referred resulting directly delta dagger fighter models indirectly concerned aircraft details weapons system said system developed going aluminum engines pilot run aluminum handful company designs selected hughes aircraft worked closely hughes lay desired strategy weapons system describe expected fighter tactics weapon eventually developed falcon urging falcon successfully decade beginning designing aircraft weapons system witnessed development bell large refined concept requirement government contractors practice continued day end specific design goals aircraft requests proposal instead potential designers general requirements discussed defense problems aircraft solve early served guided missiles operational requirements group military civilian committee tasked coordination research guided missiles development tactics overall strategy role deputy chief staff development helped direct missile work soon replaced major general robert lee commander interested air air guided missiles ground based missiles focus committee went congress obtained million development electronic computer based air defense system project headed george valley physicist massachusetts institute technology mit computer named helped develop semi automatic ground environment sage air defense system march died champion influence shield things according smart process enemies air staff realized absence greatly limit career advancement began planning retirement finishing ongoing projects selecting replacement brigadier general june gave lecture air defense air war college alabama telling students optimal air defense system envisaged able destroy attacking bomber force realistic results closer reduction emphasized need better intelligence soviet offensive capabilities increase accuracy air defense predictions late chief scientist louis initiated project charles mit study problems air defense study determined valley methods best option project reformed project lincoln investigate unusual reconnaissance methods group met beacon hill boston known beacon hill study group expanded group naming men project experts fields including land james gilbert baker edward mills richard scott colonel richard project led establishment lincoln laboratory research development project defense department civilian career army navy air_force journal announced engagement daughter gordon james cadet west_point graduated college william mary degree english married june july retired invited join november experimental commercial flight los_angeles copenhagen flying denmark scandinavian system named viking stopping canada newly operational air_force base greenland previously approved major construction hour mile flight plan pioneered polar route accompanied colonel norwegian born commander wrote feature air_force magazine describing strong air defense essential elements preventing wars said fool run nest opposition emphasized perfect air defense succeed preventing attack powerful counterattack force required december celebrated marriage son edward lee von wisconsin younger son john served best man edward lieutenant hired november work company formed team hughes director military requirements new position tailored unique background liaison role met regularly military leaders ensure projects answered america defense needs thompson products merged form vice president new company retired consultant government agencies mid-1960s invested cattle embarking called career cattle invited participate panel discussion annual conference world affairs death legacy died january ashes interred arlington national cemetery wife died ashes joined career awarded distinguished service medal oak leaf cluster legion merit distinguished flying cross bronze star medal air medal rated command pilot combat observer aircraft observer technical observer daughter bore daughters 1950s died son edward produced sons daughter retired rank lieutenant colonel lives south_carolina wife died


von von february prussian later imperial german naval officer 19th century eventually reaching rank vice admiral commanded warships wars german unification second war austro prussian war franco prussian war respectively naval intervention revolution spain actions spain considered extreme chancellor von resulted court martial promoted years intervention spain forced retirement major feud von years later wrote numerous books naval career founded periodical maritime topics died february early life born town prussia served years merchant marine 1830s 1840s east indies merchant marine given nickname swiss north german found accent particularly foreign compared native naval career officer german imperial fleet organized year transferred marine prussian navy age marine accepted applicants officer corps year officer group directly commissioned lieutenant officer cadets promoted rank captain lieutenant commanding warship participated naval expedition far_east wars german unification second war commanded corvette danish naval forces fought distinction battle command von ship badly damaged engagement crew suffered casualties successfully blocked prussian attempt break danish blockade forced return rest fleet stationed remained port rest war outbreak austro prussian war summer given command small squadron north_sea consisting ironclad warship sms flotilla small steam force launch troop landings kingdom ally austria led landings activities forced surrender coastal batteries cities including june squadron assisted men commanded general von crossing river assault city austro prussian war given command dock facilities danzig position held franco prussian war broke given command new ironclad broadside ironclads friedrich sms suffered chronic engine problems prevented admiral force sortied wilhelmshaven times trade shots blockading french fleet directly war france pledged support general von proposed new commander german fleet fall commanded training cruise south_america squadron consisted friedrich cruise received orders return squadron europe participate international intervention spain remained americas intervention spain early spanish republic revolution commanded ironclad friedrich flagship pair vessels naval intervention mission ships joined british squadron patrolling southern spanish coast admiral senior commander group given command anglo german force rebel faction spanish navy seized country seven ironclads squadron blockaded rebel ironclads port bombarded coastal town steaming friedrich encountered rebel armed steamer seized vessel returned spanish national government ordered friedrich british ironclad hms attack rebel ships authorization london berlin rebel vessels attempted port brief engagement anglo german force overwhelmed rebels seized ships subsequently turned spanish government captured rebel leader briefly held board friedrich rebels considered declaring war germany affair eventually decided admiral blockade eventually forced rebels surrender friedrich returned germany informed actions chancellor von relieved command ordered court martial charge exceeding orders prohibited imperial navy conducting diplomacy future career sea going captain effectively ended despite support kaiser grandson held shore commands remainder career commanded imperial dockyard wilhelmshaven year transferred kiel commander baltic station partly blamed agreed assessment activities disgrace marked beginning long public feud officers forced retirement promoted rear admiral aftermath accidental collision sms sms resulted loss argued disagreement ultimately resulted forced retirement chief baltic station presided commission investigated handling incident protégé investigation heavily criticized policies naval officers including felt policies appropriate army navy alfred von later architect german high_seas_fleet characterized policies infantry regiment armored warship complicated technology fought critics targeted particular felt primarily responsible allowing investigation forum officers opposed addition revenge handling investigation sought force navy remove officers senior rank protégé despite popularity particularly kaiser son unable resist efforts force october requested retirement navy nominated promoted vice admiral later life leaving navy author ardent supporter german naval expansion continued feud going far ally von sought imprisonment years earlier conduct spain joined free union naval lectures founded november union conducted series public lectures importance navy germany begun writing 1860s navy wrote series books including accounts german expedition far_east development expansion german fleet founded periodical hamburg concerned topics relating coast guard activities elevated nobility granted right use von died february


serbian february serbian yugoslav military pilot flew balkan wars world war belonged class serbian pilots trained france august participated aerial war exchanged gunfire austro hungarian plane western serbia winter serbian army retreat albania greek island evacuated general plane delivered mail air transported serbian government gold hard currency reserves falling enemy hands following occupation serbia central powers went france flew western confirmed kill returned balkans late conducted combat missions bulgarian occupied macedonia shot enemy plane continued flying war head royal yugoslav air_force pursuit squadron sad world war captured germans detained prisoner war left yugoslavia following war settled united_states wife died chicago early life education balkan wars born village near descendant serbian killed fighting turks serbian uprising finished primary school gymnasium enrolled non commissioned officers school graduated successfully member king peter royal guard serbia country balkans interest aerial warfare shortly austria-hungary annexation bosnia serbia purchased german reconnaissance balloons prior balkan war sent soldiers france receive pilots training ordered french planes april sent france attend louis flying school near paris graduated october months training issued diploma serbia military pilots time returned home serbia embroiled balkan wars december serbian aviation command established actively involved siege march sergeant lieutenant spent minutes flying height metres turkish positions july flew flights bulgaria conducting reconnaissance missions dropping small bombs end balkan wars royal serbian army promoted rank second lieutenant world war outbreak world war royal serbian army planes piloted plane primitive journalist written extensively balkans box wheels beginning war attached 1st danube division afternoon august flew reconnaissance mission disclosed serbian high command contrary initial reports austro hungarians set bridges attempting cross river boats august encountered enemy plane conducting reconnaissance flight austria-hungary austro hungarian aviator initially enemy pilot took revolver began shooting plane produced pistol fired away austro hungarian plane aircraft eventually parted ways incident considered recorded war weeks serbian austro hungarians aircraft armed serbs equipped planes machine guns round boxes ammunition bombs armed serbian plane given storm flown ordered form aerial unit division august october serbian pilot face enemy anti aircraft fire targeted austro hungarian field batteries serbian formed belgrade day went participate multiple combat missions dropping explosive ordnance austro hungarian military positions supply lines number french pilots came serbia help country war effort assigned airfield following arrival french flew missions soldier named assigned fly military observer june downed german plane days later promoted rank lieutenant shot german plane june total flew nineteen combat missions early late august october serbia invaded combined austro hungarian bulgarian german force serbian army overwhelmed weeks forced retreat albania greek island small serbian air_force withdrew headquarters lieutenant tasked destroying obsolete falling enemy hands completing task manned small headed successfully reached plane crashed near town leaving seriously injured continued south successfully transporting serbian government gold reserves ensuring fall hands central powers flew important mail serbia evacuated country hard currency reserves contracted november aerial mechanic landed spent days wandering countryside walking knee deep snow day air temperature reached stayed near plane waiting orders serbian high command november received orders destroy plane albania foot decided destroying took following morning headed designed fly maximum hours managed flying duration half hour flight landed safely field near town locals soon discovered plane escorted serbian envoy recovered ordeal later evacuated general heavy winds town caused plane crash january escaped unharmed serbian army recovered assigned western flew french time france successfully downed german plane colonel serbian air_force commended november soon returned balkans ready conduct aerial missions flew fighter number combat missions bulgarian occupied macedonia april attacked group fourteen bulgarian planes conducting bombing raid serbian rear plane sustained damage encounter struck number bullets fuel line severed unable continue flying forced land near aerial confrontation july successfully shot bulgarian plane recorded kill fourth overall commended feat july order serbian high command following allied breakthrough macedonia landed sad promoted rank captain world war emigration death remained armed forces war serving royal yugoslav air_force commander sad pursuit squadron 1920s achieved rank colonel married woman named later pilot april captured prisoner war german led axis invasion yugoslavia following world war wife immigrated united_states died chicago february survived sister yugoslavia buried illinois


paul paul bernard august september united_states_army air forces general world war enlisting united_states_army air corps flying cadet commissioned years served command positions took command 49th pursuit group december march january fighters downed enemy aircraft defense darwin northern australia japanese air attacks assumed command fighter command major general george fifth air_force commanded thirteenth air_force southern philippines borneo campaigns war served strategic air command killed mitchell crashed mountain near north_carolina september february united_states_air_force named air_force base township michigan honor early life paul bernard born detroit michigan august eldest sons fred bernard railroad engineer railroad wife paul educated holy grammar school technical high school detroit teenage years earned money working copy boy detroit news spare time worked ford model hot rod attended university detroit earned degree engineering enlisted army air corps flying cadet august earning wings successful completion flight training kelly field san_antonio texas directly commissioned second lieutenant air reserve june february received regular commission army air corps married couple children joined pursuit squadron famed world war hat ring squadron field michigan years served numerous command positions won mitchell trophy air race october promoted lieutenant temporary captain august june promoted february graduated air corps tactical school world war defense australia commanded 17th pursuit squadron field september july 41st pursuit squadron january field served 50th pursuit group december assumed command 49th pursuit group key field mississippi shortly united_states entered war following japanese bombing pearl harbor 49th pursuit group soon way fight japanese south west pacific arriving australia february 49th pursuit group moved darwin area march april time darwin bombed number times 49th pursuit group principal defense conditions area primitive spare parts equipment scarce lacking adequate logistical support americans heavily dependent australian allies morale low sight aircraft patrolling skies provided important boost december march sent australia lost enemy action dutch_east_indies campaign transferred raaf awaiting repair completely assembled march hand pursuit groups australia 8th 35th 49th considered combat ready pilots group hours pursuit time executive officer major hours veteran pilots hours hours remaining pilots pursuit time better armored faster level flight japanese fighters hand japanese fighters greater range far american pilot japanese fighter practically attempted develop tactics exploit strengths minimize weaknesses plane element fixed chief unit combat individual strictly prohibited attempt dive japanese formation attack continue diving speed japanese fighters match attempted sure commission japanese efforts ground crews service troops possible lost seven pilots claiming destruction japanese aircraft heaviest japanese attack fighters bombers met pilots claimed japanese aircraft shot month passed raid january japanese returned consecutive days june raids consisting fighters bombers month japanese aircraft lost promoted colonel july march january fighters claimed downed enemy aircraft new_guinea august major general george assumed command allied air forces south west pacific area senior allied air officer theater commander general douglas split allied air forces australian american components american formed fifth air_force september concurrently commanded fifth air_force brigadier general deputy major commands fifth air_force service command major general rush lincoln bomber command brigadier general kenneth walker fighter command activated fort george wright april command redesignated fighter command august assumed command november headquarters port told good promoted brigadier general sent home slow boat early convinced good campaign took papers recommending promotion promised approve sent washington staff hoped actually promoted rank brigadier general age replied promote efficiency age duly promoted february handful american officers decorated australian government awarded commander order british_empire excellence training direction fighter operations new_guinea award eventually presented general sir thomas march long range american fighter twin engined lightning reached south west pacific area october host mechanical difficulties december flew major combat mission new_guinea deliveries suspended january owing requirements north african campaign forcing accept arrived australia july early model range imperial fuel tanks manufactured australia enabled fighter group operational august tanks successful caused numerous crashes pilots reluctant fly gallons fuel replaced september fighter groups aircraft included half depots technical representative bell aircraft reported averaged combat hours wright similarly reported combat hours equivalent normal hours general wrote general henry arnold possible exception believe flying stuff old worn new_guinea main role fighters escort war early losses bombers fighter protection rule exception fighter cover available bombers flew night half fighter command flew sorties support bombers protect transports sorties period total missions depended securing forward fighter fields particularly long missions claimed shortest landing order serve forward fighter strip proved better site subsequently located nearby base allowed fighters support bombing landing range fighters increased addition external fuel tanks july charles visiting south west pacific area civilian observer taught pilots obtain additional range economical operation engines new technique increased combat radius miles gain percent combining external tanks new techniques increased range miles january replaced major general commander thirteenth air_force promoted rank major general march thirteenth air_force tasked support lieutenant general robert eighth united_states_army victor series operations clear southern philippines included invasion battle battle operating air vice marshal william raaf command thirteenth air_force supported lieutenant general sir australian corps series operations japanese forces borneo post war years relinquished command thirteenth air_force july returned united_states assigned headquarters strategic air command sac washington field unusual posting fighter expert sac commanded attended operation crossroads nuclear weapons tests bikini observer september appointed commander eighth air_force sac numbered air forces september took field florida mitchell flew field business field paid visit family seen years including mother birthday september september controls mitchell set field bad weather flying feet safe altitude area board killed aircraft crashed cold mountain miles southwest north_carolina official report listed cause crash altitude remains recovered cold mountain interred arlington national cemetery september february united_states_air_force named air_force base michigan honor special guests dedication ceremony included mother widow paul fred george general thomas white told crowd base named man probably best fighter pilot fighter world war named michigan mother year letters recommending honor general


max max december august german luftwaffe fighter ace world war flying ace fighter ace military aviator credited shooting enemy aircraft aerial combat credited enemy aircraft shot claimed combat missions majority victories claimed eastern claims western belgrade short height wooden blocks attached rudder engage tight turning aerial combat born hamburg december joined military service luftwaffe trained pilot brief period heavy fighter unit transferred participated battle france britain transferring east sixth fighter pilot aviation history achieve aerial victories eastern awarded knight cross iron cross oak leaves swords killed aerial combat soviet fighters southeast lake august early life career max born december hamburg father civil servant justice department joined luftwaffe officer cadet march received diploma final exams pupils end secondary education assignment 1st group flying participated invasion poland january captain took command came opinion little big transferred equipped april time based lieutenant colonel max wing commander claimed aerial victories battle france entrusted leading element aircraft non commissioned officer flight led senior lieutenant lieutenant engaged french fighters near claiming second aerial victory achieved head firing pass shells tore large parts aircraft tail fin collided starboard wing french pilot observed bail managing safe landing time ordered coastal area english channel redesignated iii aerial victory august flight lieutenant smith squadron raf smith rescued channel hospitalized october claimed 7th aerial victory war 5th battle britain opponent czech sergeant killed flying hurricane polish fighter squadron near west southern outskirts london day reason fatal crash remains unclear apart claim second lieutenant max sergeant warrant officer claimed aircraft time vicinity september iii group commander failed return mission temporarily appointed lead leadership 7th squadron filled bob escort mission september bob claimed shot return shot forced landing fellow pilots reports canada aerial victory october squadron raf sixth overall victory royal_air_force raf fighters battle britain following day iii instructed relocate month later following long combat pause moved south east counter pro british coup état belgrade yugoslavia claimed ninth victory yugoslav royal_air_force piloted killed april belgrade balkans campaign eastern june opening phase operation german invasion soviet_union free hunting mission lithuanian north intercepted formation claimed shot flames survived belly landing following combat south eastern june july claimed soviet bombers combat river claimed 19th 20th aerial victory july combat area eastern claimed victory war august eighth member receive knight cross iron cross september aerial victories award presented september colonel general alfred claimed 50th aerial victory january 60th january february series aerial victories sent home leave reason leave wanted married home way wedding ceremony arrested jail german police officer assumed features actually playing prank illegally wearing luftwaffe uniform military decorations consequences endured police officer bad judgement remain unknown received knight cross iron cross oak leaves aerial victories march appointed squadron leader 8th squadron aerial victory claimed march followed victories number april claimed 100th aerial victory second pilot sixth overall achieve century engagement hit damaged hit right arm upper thigh severely wounded managed return home airfield days later hospital awarded knight cross iron cross oak leaves swords award presented wolf june killed action august far soviet lines east lake flying altitude metres spotted formation shot rear reforming second attack attacked group soviet fighters emerging broken cloud cover factory number hit cockpit 41st fighter aviation regiment lieutenant flying aircraft rolled crashed edge small wood recipients knight cross iron cross oak leaves swords die world war living swords recipient lost actual air combat death accidental received oak leaves died awards wound badge black flying luftwaffe gold pennant combined pilots observation badge iron cross 2nd class 1st class knight cross iron cross oak leaves swords knight cross september pilot oak leaves march 10th swords mentioned times


james james august american militia officer politician state illinois born virginia spent youth illinois indicted murder family acquaintance went trial outbreak black hawk war raised company saw combat suffering severe wounds battle grove war ended entered public life served member illinois state senate december nominated democratic candidate governor illinois months nomination accusations leveled forced withdraw election august died home tuberculosis early life james born virginia oldest son benjamin wife named honor grandfather uncle family came family moved benjamin house january hotel lower town area resident daniel smith stabbed death following argument james james henry winchester smith stabbed neck present attended winchester died reports spectator indicated smith killed house james james henry winchester indicted smith murder men charged crime henry released bond winchester defendant face trial charges winchester lawyer argued smith guilty verbal assault defendant winchester found guilty verdict reported spectator march left moved county home rest life military service background consequence treaty governor indiana territory group fox leaders land settlement tribes vacated lands illinois moved west mississippi leader black hawk disputed treaty claiming tribal councils consulted representing tribes authorization lands angered loss birthplace black hawk led number incursions mississippi_river illinois persuaded return west time april encouraged promises alliance tribes british moved called british band warriors non combatants illinois finding allies attempted return iowa illinois militia actions led battle run number engagements followed militias michigan territory illinois mobilized hunt black hawk band conflict known black hawk war black hawk war officer illinois militia james served combat command capacity war raised company men early stages war captain later elected major company taken captain duncan company mustered service released september fought battles war playing role prelude aftermath fighting june battle grove led dozen men unknown number hostile battle descended hand hand fight resulted men killed shot severely wounded encounter grove little end raids region help bolster public confidence militia weeks later involved aftermath raid mound present day grant county wisconsin news attack mound reached captain set soldiers pursue raiders buried mutilated dead mound men killed john thompson john thompson heart missing followed trail mississippi_river stopped raiders having apparently crossed river party returned finding group responsible attack week preceding war major turning points june battle bend helped colonel henry dodge men bury victims massacre continued assisting task accompany dodge bend political career connected received letters prominent people including jefferson davis year elected public office illinois state senate sought appointment land office december april absent spent time louis married ellen kyle december traveled illinois couple eventually children april couple returned james took office register lands chicago lived elegant lifestyle december regularly constituted illinois state democratic convention james nominated party candidate governor illinois months nomination caught funds scandal surrounding time register lands forced withdraw election democrats convention june nominated thomas man reputation honest older accounts withdrawal race differing reasons departure democratic illinois governor thomas ford history illinois stated reason withdrawing election account sickness james washington wrote biography stephen douglas early exit election charged john moses page work illinois historical statistical characterized accusations charges death week elected governor illinois died tuberculosis august died home age buried day death military honors left wife ellen children kyle


jack verge arthur jack verge february september rugby union player represented australia new_south_wales sydney university playing verge won caps australia touring team british isles relatively light position repeatedly praised round defensive work attack fast runner kicking hand inconsistent verge went king school studied medicine paul college university sydney graduating practised won fellowship royal college edinburgh october soon start world war commissioned captain australian_army medical corps australian imperial force attached medical officer 6th light horse regiment embarked alexandria egypt december deployed gallipoli contracted evacuated egypt died illness september early life family arthur jack verge second son verge hall new_south_wales attended king school time produced senior rugby players studied medicine paul college university sydney graduating practised elder siblings mary elizabeth john younger brother played rugby sydney university new_south_wales went doctor rugby career jack verge went sydney university years played university second rugby team second year began noticed rugby press defensive play kicking skills july match university verge scored tries selected play new_south_wales second team played cricket university initially second team considered good cricketer rugby slow pace bowler time successful bowler university played matches melbourne university took wickets runs innings wickets second took selection university start rugby season verge selection university took place university june verge gaining recognition press referee reported verge deserves special word praise round ability steadily improved compared man position likely improve performance john inter state match queensland verge gained cap return match july university oval sydney spectators turned watch start sides good attacking opportunities early kicking verge playing got yards queensland try line visitors managed ball away shortly queensland kicked ball hard verge goal line queensland captain chased fast verge kicked ball away safely scored points goal mark stan queensland responded penalty goal half time score break verge defensive work half noted sunday_times sydney straight break kicked drop goal queensland scored try moments later converted gave queensland lead penalty try home ahead victory game considered best states verge according sunday_times highly debut representative football match required sydney morning herald noted verge occasions saved generally finding line useful losing head playing university south sydney soon verge gave brilliant exposition sure catching quick tricky feet excellent finding line better work competition decided match university western suburbs august match verge players teams departed brisbane team teammates played western beat university commentator thought western richard simpson verge match queensland august won home verge performance received previous inter state match comments unreliable kicked following week september played queensland won hard fought victory man short final minutes according brisbane verge played game improved players considered selection play new_zealand tour australia verge selected verge continued play university season early season according writing town country journal verge showing fine form kicking addition sure difficult choice played verge sunday_times praised verge handling kicking rush stopping writing arrow preferred verge positioning judgment ahead weight advantage thought playing rate game verge end selected represent june queensland crowd spectators gathered university oval queensland match june considered good game home victory coming stronger defence fast pace queensland backs resulted try early half ball knocked line defenders beaten instead got points converted try repeated attacks queensland failed provide points scored try lead end half try came sparkling work queensland gained penalty goals prevented scoring tries defensive work verge mcmahon donnell final moments pat forward got close scoring lost ball tackle ensued queensland won ball kicked away verge caught ball running pace went corner pushed field score verge good game earned selection return match june match june played agricultural ground spectators soon points donnell marked verge kicked goal queensland responded soon try fast play scored second try converted visitors ahead verge kicked penalty goal bring difference point second half demonstration good attacking play strong defensive work sides points scored try queensland giving win british isles tour australia backs exception verge play inter state matches forwards ahead match british isles touring team seen good british team contrast led david arrived australia reputation excellence line tourists game june spectators sydney cricket ground game barely begun visitors attacking forced defend bush british scored drop goal minutes soon british scored try proving quick aggressive home defend right half ended try came british minutes second half chance score came britain inside missed easy goal instead visitors scored converted tries ended said sunday_times best rugby team visited australia britain new_zealand played point play verge expected attempt drop goal second half failed return match british isles june changes opening period sides evenly matched eventually british scored try corner converted second try soon took points clear visitors half time converted try home numerous attacking attempts failed cross line second half started ended dominating failed score instead british managed counter attack score converted try managed score try verge failed convert tourists scored tries converted britain leading closing minutes scored second try time missed conversion final score match tourists metropolitan union selection team play tourists june verge eligible players picked day verge played verge selected play australia british team test matches july sydney cricket ground spectators half dominated home team britain forced defend prevented australia scoring britain gained upper hand halftime scoring points response australia australians played second half man short charlie white broke rib end half sunday_times reported fast excellent contest little superior verge active preventing british scoring making try saving tackle early half numerous crucial defensive plays game commended kicking game received criticism second test match july exhibition ground brisbane started australia quarter kick british corner picked pat new_zealand born playing britain tackled touch australian forward ball came verge kicked british bush took ran opening score conversion british score start second half try bush immediately scored drop goal visitors ahead british added points tally won match verge kicked game according sunday_times verge selected play test returned play university team end rugby career end season passing final medical examinations verge left sydney university stopped playing rugby team displaced took soon gave way verge brother older verge granted blue elected vice president club returned team tour new_zealand september verge brother selected tour squad game university september home won easily jack verge team play preventing home scoring return match september younger verge brought eighth helped strengthen team points scored half visitors came close getting try held line second half scored points sydney came away winners verge missed scoring penalty kick hit jack verge departed england aboard spend years europe undertaking studies medicine playing rugby awarded fellowship royal college edinburgh played rugby edinburgh university verge brother continued play university played metropolitan anglo welsh touring team sydney august tourists won try final moments team tour new_zealand august return europe verge practised doctor street joining army play competitive rugby international appearances military service october shortly outbreak world war verge enlisted australian imperial force captain australian_army medical corps subsequently attached 6th light horse regiment medical officer completing rudimentary training sydney regiment embarked december reaching egypt february light horse regiments sent gallipoli reinforcements following initial landing verge attached 1st australian division reinforcements landed failed turkish attack cove 6th light horse regiment tasked securing right hand flank allied months followed undertook mainly defensive duties conditions peninsula harsh poor months landing verge contracted evacuated british general hospital alexandria egypt died september buried war memorial cemetery row grave alexandria


kenneth major general kenneth david nick november february united_states_army officer engineer worked manhattan_project developed atomic bomb world war deputy district engineer james marshall august district engineer manhattan engineer district responsible production facility clinton engineer works oak ridge tennessee production facility engineer works washington state remained manhattan_project war taken atomic energy commission military liaison officer atomic energy commission briefly teaching united_states military academy west_point promoted major general chief armed forces special weapons project responsible military aspects atomic weapons including logistics handling training deputy director atomic energy matters plans operations division army general staff senior army member military liaison committee worked atomic energy commission general deputy director guided missiles division department defense appointed chief research development reorganized general manager atomic energy commission promoted construction nuclear power plants played key role proceedings brought robert resulted security clearance revoked later life engineering consultant private nuclear power plants early life kenneth david born november west park ohio later cleveland ohio children wife née graduated fifth class united_states military academy west_point commissioned second lieutenant united_states_army corps engineers went nicaragua expedition led lieutenant colonel daniel sultan purpose conduct survey inter oceanic nicaragua canal fellow officer expedition later figure prominently career lieutenant service expedition awarded medal merit exceptional service rendered republic nicaragua returned united_states went university received bachelor degree civil engineering assistant director waterways experiment station mississippi june august continued studies completed master degree civil engineering june married marriage produced daughter son returned waterways experiment station year received fellowship awarded institute international education study european hydraulic research methods year berlin promoted lieutenant october thesis wrote won american society civil engineers award returning united_states received year posting waterways experiment station september june student officer fort virginia student thesis basis doctor philosophy degree state university iowa instructor west_point august promoted captain june world war june colonel james marshall summoned syracuse engineer district area engineer charge construction rome air depot promoted major october lieutenant colonel february marshall asked additional responsibility area engineer charge construction new tnt plant pennsylvania ordnance works pennsylvania project worked stone major contractors dealt colonel charge military construction june summoned marshall time washington marshall recently appointed district engineer new manhattan engineer district received authorization staff drawing officers civilians working syracuse engineer district winding major construction program nearing completion marshall started designating deputy district engineer effective manhattan district officially formed august major decision confronting new district unlike engineer districts geographic limits choice construction site june marshall set tennessee met officials tennessee valley authority looked prospective sites foothills cumberland mountains identified scouts office scientific research development possessing desirable attributes abundant electric power water transportation sparse population site oak ridge tennessee chosen marshall delayed purchase awaited scientific results justified scale plant visited laboratory met lab university_of_chicago met arthur seeing problems authority arranged new experimental site established forest eventually national laboratory took charge ore arranged state department export controls placed negotiated purchase tons ore belgian stored warehouse island arranged mining company purchase ore port hope ontario shipment ton lots met treasury daniel bell arranged transfer tons silver west_point use national security complex place copper desperately short supply wartime september brigadier general director manhattan_project immediately moved urgent issues promptly approved purchase site oak ridge negotiated project given aaa priority rating soon decided establish project headquarters fifth floor new war department building washington marshall maintained liaison office concentrated attention ore feed materials project promoted colonel august replaced marshall district engineer manhattan engineer district district engineer responsible production facility clinton engineer works oak ridge production facility site tasks district engineer district headquarters oak ridge change wartime work manhattan_project awarded distinguished service medal united_states secretary war robert post war promoted brigadier general january following departure major general thomas deputy continued district engineer asked spend time weapons production storage established new underground assembly plant mound laboratories ohio recommended base transferred united_states_army air corps manhattan district december recommended closing alpha tracks plant cutting payroll saving million month henceforth performed plants wartime new commenced operation january kept national laboratories operating million worth research grants fiscal year helped captain train team naval engineers oak ridge nuclear propulsion june went bikini represent manhattan_project operation crossroads series nuclear weapons tests conducted investigate effects warships like contemporaries army dramatically reduced size rapidly reduced rank substantive rank lieutenant colonel june return bikini found honorary commander order british_empire atomic energy act created atomic energy commission functions assets manhattan_project president harry appointed commissioners october appointed military liaison officer main responsibility help organize orderly transfer assets responsibilities military aspects taken armed forces special weapons project generally assumed director military application relationship commissioners impressed administrative skills clear agree commissioners concept director military application staff line function february appointed professor mechanics west_point april recalled command rank major general youngest major general army time rank entitled quarters fort virginia chief staff united_states_army general bradley advised ask criticism senior senior army member military liaison committee deputy assistant chief staff army atomic energy new role clashed issue department defense custody nuclear weapons administration policy remained firmly favor control tested berlin blockade ordered bombers europe time talk calling operation sandstone nuclear weapons tests successfully argued continuation deputy director guided missiles division department defense overseeing project appointed chief research development reorganized retired army october services awarded second distinguished service medal general manager november capacity initiated personnel security board hearing loyalty atomic scientist robert harshly memorandum june subsequent hearing recommended security clearance reinstated security findings said communist sense carry party card reliable commission agreed stripped security clearance second scandal contract political controversy major issue elections resulting appearing united_states senate later life left atomic energy commission opened consulting firm street specializing commercial atomic energy research development clients included gulf oil electric corporation yankee nuclear power station involved construction yankee nuclear power station privately owned water plant vermont yankee nuclear power plant commenced operation respectively experimental expected competitive coal oil later inflation large increases coal oil prices critical regulation protracted hearings meant 1980s similar boiling water water plants took twice long build united_states france japan taiwan south_korea died respiratory failure february brighton gardens retirement home maryland buried arlington national cemetery external links