kingston hull kingston hull king local usually abbreviated hull city authority east riding yorkshire england lies river hull junction estuary miles inland north_sea population est town hull founded late 12th century monks abbey needed port wool estates exported chose place junction rivers hull build exact year town founded known mentioned renamed kings town hull king edward hull market town military supply port trading hub fishing centre industrial metropolis hull early theatre battle english civil wars 18th century member parliament william played key role abolition slave trade britain city unique having owned telephone system sporting cream red telephone boxes suffering heavy damage second world war hull blitz hull period post industrial decline gaining unfavourable results measures social education early 21st century spending boom late 2000s recession city saw large amounts new retail commercial housing public service construction spending tourist attractions include historic old town museum quarter hull marina deep city landmark redevelopment hull main included opening stephen hull new hull truck theatre spectator sports include premier league football super league rugby stadium houses hull city football club hull rugby club stadium rugby club hull kingston hull home english premier ice hockey league hull pirates announced hull city culture announced art gallery hosting prestigious annual art prize turner prize prize held outside london year important art prize receives media coverage art prize history kingston hull stands north bank estuary mouth tributary river hull valley river hull inhabited early period little evidence substantial settlement area present city area attractive people gave access prosperous rivers site poor remote low lying fresh water originally outlying hamlet named thought originate scandinavian word meaning creek saxon meaning dwelling place refuge river hull good haven shipping trade included export wool abbey town acquired abbey king edward april granted royal charter renamed settlement king town hull kingston hull charter preserved archives charter incorporated town instituted local government consisting mayor sheriff guide hull provides colourful background edward acquisition naming town writes king hunting party started hare led delightful banks river hull hamlet edward scene viewed delight situation hitherto neglected obscure corner render kingdom secure foreign invasion time greatly enforce commerce thoughts continues edward purchased land abbot manor hall built issued encouraging development town bestowed royal king town port served base edward war scottish independence later developed foremost port east_coast england prospered wool cloth wine timber hull established commerce baltic ports league medieval beginnings hull main trading links scotland northern europe scandinavia baltic low countries key trading areas hull merchants addition trade france spain portugal sail power gave way steam hull trading links extended world docks opened serve frozen meat trade australia new_zealand south_america hull centre thriving inland coastal trading network serving united_kingdom sir william pole town mayor prosperous merchant pole founded family prominent government successful son hull trading family bishop john founded jesus college cambridge patron grammar school hull increase trade discovery americas town maritime connections thought played introduction strain hull europe new world town prospered 16th early 17th centuries hull time preserved form maintained buildings period including house museum documenting life william english civil war hull strategically important large arsenal located early war january king named earl newcastle governor hull parliament nominated sir john asked son captain john secure town sir john hull corporation declared support parliament denied charles entry town charles responded events besieging town siege helped open conflict forces parliament second half 19th century leading world war port hull played major role northern european settlers new world thousands sailing city stopping administrative purposes travelling liverpool north_america parallel growth passenger shipping emergence wilson line hull founded city thomas wilson early 20th century company grown largely north_sea passenger routes later acquisitions largest privately owned shipping company world ships sailing different parts globe wilson line sold line owned hull born magnate richest man britain time sir john played major role town fortunes mid-19th century hull prosperity peaked decades world war time city status granted decline industry emphasis shifted deep sea anglo war conditions set end dispute initiated hull economic decline suburban areas western hull built 1930s particularly road park biggest british housing boom 20th century possibly hull blitz city port industrial facilities coupled proximity mainland europe ease location major estuary led extremely widespread damage bombing raids second world war city centre destroyed hull houses damaged destroyed making severely bombed british city town apart london second world war people died air raids city injured worst bombing occurred little known destruction rest country time radio newspaper reports reveal hull referred north east town northern coastal town city centre rebuilt years following war recently researchers found documents local archives suggested wartime bomb buried beneath major new redevelopment boom hull government following local government act hull county borough local government district independent east riding yorkshire district dissolved local government act april non metropolitan district newly created county county council abolished april hull authority area single tier local authority city hull city_council officially kingston hull city_council headquartered city centre council designated worst performing authority rated star improving adequate council retained stars improving status corporate performance assessment city retained improving status upgraded star rating liberal democrats won overall control city_council local elections ending years single party majority retained control local elections increased majority local elections following local elections labour_party gained control council increasing majority retained following local elections increased majority local elections city returned members parliament house_of_commons general election elected labour mps johnson home secretary diana johnson turner william celebrated hull mps native city member hull elected independent member yorkshire lies yorkshire constituency european parliament european election elected labour conservative hull city forms major urban area official government defined hull ports city region geography miles north london kingston hull northern bank estuary city centre west river hull close city built glacial deposits chalk rocks underlying chalk influence topography land city generally flat metres sea level relative site physical constraints building open areas subject pressures build parishes parish absorbed borough hull 19th 20th centuries area built socially economically long city retained village centre late 20th century south east advancing suburbs reached villages distinct communities largely rural character absorption borough current boundaries city tightly drawn exclude metropolitan area nearby villages largest city surrounded rural east riding yorkshire areas hull lie reclaimed land sea level hull tidal surge barrier point river hull joins estuary lowered times unusually high tides expected times year protects homes approximately people flooding low level hull expected increasing levels risk flooding global warming areas hull flooded june united_kingdom floods homes businesses affected historically hull affected tidal storm flooding floods 1950s winter unlike english cities hull cathedral diocese york bishop hull holy trinity church largest parish church england floor area church dates hull forms southern roman catholic diocese included hull catholic churches charles oldest post reformation roman_catholic_church city seamen missions churches hull mission centre west king george dock danish seamen church located street climate located northern england hull temperate maritime climate dominated passage mid latitude depressions weather day day warming influence gulf stream makes region mild latitude locally area areas far north british isles considerably drier rain effect northerly areas july maximum temperature exceeds appears city absolute maximum temperature recorded set august typically day reach slightly days achieve temperature average year averages refer period absolute minimum temperature recorded january average nights report air frost seismic activity february hull miles north earthquake measuring scale lasted nearly seconds unusually large earthquake world according census hull population living households population density total number homes rented compared national figure rented population declined census officially estimated july approximately people aged aged aged total population white largest minority ethnic group people considered chinese people living hull born outside united_kingdom largest minority ethnic grouping iraqi estimated people placed city home office applications asylum processed city christian population indicated religion specify religious affiliation city lowest church attendance united_kingdom city high proportion people working age unemployed ranking local authorities england wales distance travelled work miles employed people travelled kilometres place employment number people public transport work number travelling car economy economy hull built trading firstly later merchant houses house warehouses survive old town trade centred river hull later shifting docks major industry crushing fishing industry declined 1970s city remains busy port handling million tonnes cargo year port operations run associated british ports companies port employ people employed direct result port activities port area city compensate decline fishing introduction roll roll ferry services continent europe ferries handle million passengers year hull exploited leisure industry creating hull marina old street dock centre city opened small sailing craft industry city focused chemical health care sectors known british companies including smith nephew seven seas facilities hull health care sector enhanced research facilities provided university hull institute hull york medical school partnerships recent years decline fishing heavy industry retail sector tourism arts higher education sectors played increasingly prominent role process economic regeneration raising profile city estimated businesses hull deliver annual turnover billion million annual visitors contribute million hull economy retail biggest settlement east riding yorkshire local transport hub hull natural focus retail major department stores hull include house british home stores city centre main shopping centres stephen princes prospect centre number retail parks suburban shopping centres including north point shopping centre retail park bank near great lane mount pleasant road park near retail park shopping streets king edward street lane electrical retailer group founded city battery stores limited company opened hull city branch king edward street closed branch hughes site store august following parent companies main non town centre shopping streets road road avenue road princes avenue avenue covered shopping arcades remain town centre arcades prospect centre prospect street smaller older shopping centre range chain stores banks fashion retailers contains branches boots claire large smith hull main post office north point shopping centre shopping centre contains similar range popular chain stores budget oriented retailers including foods princes shopping centre built closed prince dock houses variety chain stores food outlets originally built retail floors known decks deck housed cinema december number budget retailers including branches branches city hull good selection including branches operative budget food stores including foods iceland stephen shopping centre development opened square foot scheme costing million anchored large hour extra provides shop units food outlets hotel cinema car parking adjacent hull interchange completed time period includes new bus station renovated railway station retail outlets development addition stephen retail project number commercial office services developments planned took place decade 21st century high profile project million development built near estuary gained world trade centre status world trade centre hull phase project includes office buildings new apartments second phase expected include new bedroom star hotel restaurant high quality office space stall indoor trinity market grade listed building arcade renovated late 2000s city centre railway station adjacent bus terminal redeveloped official opened hull interchange large scale developments planned including million residential development east bank river hull called boom include luxury riverside apartments shops bed luxury hotel health education facilities planned built west extension princes shopping centre cancelled late 2000s recession halted building development projects additionally local development agency hull forward lost funding june governmental budgetary cuts public spending regional development agency yorkshire forward abolished boom development linked city centre new swing scale lane bridge river hull bridge officially opened june investment million network rail enhance capacity port freight railway line hull docks branch completed project intended increase capacity trains day development present january wind power associated british ports signed memorandum understanding concerning construction wind turbine manufacturing plant alexander dock plan require modification dock allow ships transporting wind turbines dock loaded planning applications plant submitted december affirmed concerning metre blades offshore model creation enterprise zone enterprise zone announced encourage industrial development estuary region acre site waste energy centre costing region million planned built group announced named energy works proposed plant process tonnes organic material year energy produced waste process july demolition began fruit market allow room construction centre digital innovation technology hub aim promote tech sector hull east yorkshire culture hull museums national importance city theatrical tradition famous actors writers having born lived hull city arts heritage played role attracting visitors encouraging tourism recent efforts regeneration hull diverse range architecture complemented parks squares number statues modern sculptures city inspired author wood set best selling novels city april hull forward bid city culture reaching june leicester bay november maria miller culture secretary announced hull won award city culture museums hull museum quarter high street heart old town consists house arctic hull east riding museum contains britain largest surviving prehistoric museum transport museums visitor attractions include art gallery good range art regular exhibitions maritime museum victoria square yorkshire water museum deep public recently refurbished seven seas fish trail marks hull fishing heritage leading followers old new sections city following wide variety engraved pavement visual culture sculpture marine painter john ward born worked died hull leading ship artist day artist royal david born grew hull studied hull college art lincoln university tutor trained royal college art london awarded abbey minor travelling scholarship british school rome solo exhibitions art gallery hull number historical statues memorial queen gardens king william iii statue market place known locally king billy statue hull born amy johnson prospect street recent years number modern art sculptures heritage trails installed hull include figure looking called voyage twin iceland july artwork reported stolen shark sculpture outside deep fountain installation called tower light outside house corner spring bank running spring bank elephant trail stone carved local artist designs members community trail commemorates victorian gardens route taken daily elephant walked house spring bank zoo stopping shop way animals represented albany street home zone project involving local residents resulting sculptures water horse albany street elephant balancing trunk island middle bears climbing poles reaching form open entrance albany street spring bank details animals street represent participation street residents workshops artists makers independent work public art event hull city centre entitled displayed individually decorated giant models festival sculptures sold charity transported new owners visitors hull interchange greeted new statue philip unveiled december theatres city main theatres hull new theatre opened largest venue features musicals opera ballet drama children shows hull truck theatre smaller independent theatre established regularly features plays notably written john april hull truck theatre new million seat venue stephen hull development replaced home hull truck theatre spring street complex buildings demolished playwright brought hull associated hull truck theatre hull produced veteran stage actors sir tom born brought hull younger actors born hull attended hull northern theatre company college cinemas hull closed purpose built cinema prince hall george street opened hull theatre magnate william subsequently renamed poetry hull attracted attention poets extent australian author peter porter described poetic city england philip set poems hull include weddings scottish born douglas terry street portrait working class hull life outstanding poetry collections 1970s forged close associations hull poets peter sean brien works writers appear anthology rumoured city work edited andrew motion past poet university hull roger studied poets spoke mouth festival contemporary poets associated hull david reilly 17th century poet andrew born nearby grew educated city statue honour market square trinity square set backdrop alma mater hull grammar school music classical field classical music hull home collective hull founded national international touring group serves hull surrounding regions role ensemble residence university hull hull orchestra oldest amateur country hull youth orchestra established hull choral union hull bach choir performance 18th century choral music hull male voice choir singers gilbert sullivan societies dagger lane society hull based hull brass bands east yorkshire motor services band current north england area brass band champions east riding yorkshire band north england regional champions section hull city hall annually plays host major british european symphony international masters orchestral concert season season visiting orchestra included symphony orchestra czech national symphony orchestra internationally renowned touring pop rock comedy acts regularly play city hall september year partnership royal orchestra announced city_council rock pop folk popular music scene 1960s hull band rats worked closely david_bowie heavily involved production album rise fall spiders mars later went record reed bob_dylan memorial stage queen gardens hull 1960s notable revival english folk music hull based quartet prominent 1980s hull groups red guitars girl found mainstream success followed 1990s paul member went beautiful south member norman cook performs slim hull born paul anthony cook stuart paul formed group singer helen signed cbs records group released album diamond life album sales million copies vocalist actor gift formed fine young grew hull pioneering industrial band formed hull genesis attended hull university met born city hull performance art group record label pork recordings started hull mid-1990s released music new popular local venue alternative live music city achieved outside hull having hosted bands stone roses green day oasis history variety bands recognised nationally live music pub year 2000s hull indie rock band saw mainstream success singles later reforming performing street notable bands street parade 1990s duo scarlet hull hits independent love song wanna free street night released compilations featuring cream hull live music scene currently labels emerging city including purple worm records based hull college bands showing promising future bars drinking culture hull city centre tends late bars wine bars hull university accommodation area popular students particular areas avenue prince avenue seen rapid expansion continental style bars encouraged redesign street layout festivals mouth literature festival annual event season featured artists john cooper clarke kevin annual hull jazz festival takes place marina area week beginning august hull held freedom festival annual free arts live music event celebrates freedom forms performers included martha public service broadcasting featuring procession local bands like talks happy endings fruit trade music label photo exhibition including photos late hull born worked david_bowie early october sees arrival hull fair europe largest travelling takes place land adjacent stadium hull global food festival held annual event city queen_victoria square days september according officials event attracted visitors brought million revenue area hull began club featured major label bands united_states canada italy hull comedy festival included performers stewart lee russell howard held hull marked 25th anniversary death poet philip festival included popular public art event displayed hull later sold charity auction charity appeal raised funds cast life size bronze statue philip design martin hull interchange statue unveiled ceremony attended lord mayor hull december 25th anniversary death bears inscription drawn line poem weddings april hull fashion week took place events happening venues hull city centre finished finale hull interchange recently reformed pop group atomic appeared celebrity fashion august second street festival took place celebrating local music talent arts stages showcasing bands artists fruit trade music label street purple worm records parks green spaces hull large number parks green spaces include east park pearson park park peter pan park playing fields west park west park home hull stadium pearson park contains lake victorian housing birds reptiles east park large boating lake collection birds animals east park pearson park registered grade listed sites historic england city centre large queen gardens heart originally built formal ornamental gardens fill queen dock flexible area concerts festivals retains large ornamental flower circus fountain western end streets hull suburban areas lined large numbers trees particularly avenues area princes avenue boulevard west old trees avenues district recent years stumps carved variety living sculptures green areas include university area parts road north west hull district known recalls short lived garden existed site occupied college elephants lived nearby gardens spring bank local streets land redeveloped garden road road commemorated street media hull local daily newspaper longstanding hull daily_mail circulation area covers east riding yorkshire free paper hull issued weekly publisher city served competing daily newspapers operating area eastern morning news hull news hull east yorkshire times april edition evening news published paper taken longstanding rival hull daily_mail local listings guides include city magazine magazine combined single volume covering england print version defunct favour online site bbc yorkshire lincolnshire regional headquarters queen gardens regional news programme look north broadcast radio services broadcasting city hull community radio station west hull bbc regional station bbc radio commercial stations viking viking radio formally magic breakfast broadcast hull smallest station hull radio hospital based radio station founded broadcast wider east riding yorkshire lincolnshire area hull university union student radio station jam stopped broadcasting funding cuts recently launched online station aimed students university november restricted service licence given new station hull community radio broadcasting broadcasting online bidding licence broadcast east hull sport hull area available wide range spectator sporting clubs organisations sports professional football rugby league golf athletics city professional football club hull city tigers play premier league tier english football league system promotion championship play final win sheffield wednesday team play stadium non league clubs based city hall road rangers play park hull united play park teams play northern counties east division hull rugby league hub having clubs play super league competition hull alongside city football club hull city play stadium hull kingston play park east hull lower league teams city east hull west hull hull hull play national conference league rugby union hull play park hull based city city athletics clubs based stadium west city kingston hull athletics club hull athletics club cycling wise city home hull cycle club situated near bridge race sports northern league won league titles cycling clubs operate city including hull thursday areas road racing group city hull arena large ice concert venue home hull pirates ice hockey team played english premier league home kingston hockey team august hull daily_mail reported hull facing closure following financial crisis club subsequently saved closure following takeover blaze june club announced official website placed hull american football existed club acquired member status british american football league november played division central league years formed hull american football team racing returned city october boulevard stadium opened venue sport hull home professional wrestling company pro wrestling held event july arena hull gained wrestling company based recreation new generation wrestling featured likes travis martin alex shane hull club formed currently plays premier division north england men association city played host round world yacht race tough miles race globe race started september finished july locally named yacht hull captained watson achieved second place race city hosted british open championships stadium transport main road hull motorway road main east west routes northern england provides link cities leeds manchester liverpool rest country motorway network motorway ends distance city rest route dual east west route forms small european road route hull close bridge provides road links destinations south built time longest single span suspension bridge world seventh list bridge built wishing cross ferry travel inland far public transport city provided east yorkshire motor services hull plus hull provide inter city transport serving suburban areas orchard park going places serve outer city east riding yorkshire places york hull interchange opened september city transport hub combining main bus rail termini integrated complex expected people passing complex day services run certain parts include expresses london seven day provided hull trains day hull executive virgin trains east_coast long distance rail services provided express serving leeds manchester nearest access fast east_coast main line services northwards scotland york case requiring connecting journey local train hull hull trains west northern operates regular local stopping trains coastal towns services york sheffield ferries provide daily overnight ferry services king george dock hull services worked ferries pride pride hull services worked ferries pride pride york previously named pride pride hull wide pass lock hull associated british ports built new terminal hull accommodate passengers ferries terminal port hull built cost nearest airport airport miles away lincolnshire provides charter flights high frequency flights amsterdam eastern day robin hood airport south yorkshire miles hull city centre provides wider choice charter flights number low cost flights certain european destinations nearest airport intercontinental flights leeds international airport miles road transport hull suffers delays caused bridges river hull city cause disruption busy times remaining railway level crossings city level crossing problem greatly relieved 1960s closure branch lines transfer goods traffic high level line circles city construction major road bridges road road according census data cycling city national average share travel work traffic report university east london ranked hull fourth best cycling city united_kingdom infrastructure telephone system hull city independent telephone network company kingston communications subsidiary group distinctive cream telephone boxes seen city produces white pages telephone hull wider area colour pages business counterpart yellow pages company formed municipal department city_council early example municipal enterprise remains locally operated telephone company internet brands serving hull eclipse national initially hull city_council retained cent interest company proceeds sale shares fund city sports venue stadium things sold remaining stake company million kingston communications operators europe offer business users world run interactive television service known kingston interactive kit discontinued financial problems decade group expanded hull service portfolio nationwide provider telephone television internet access services having close customers projected ambitious programme expansion struggled recent years partnerships telecommunications firms contracted manage national infrastructure telephone house lane firm 1960s built headquarters stark modernist style local landmark hydraulic power public hydraulic power network supplying companies constructed hull hull hydraulic power company began operation edward engineer main pumping station grade listed building catherine street involved british networks including london liverpool birmingham manchester glasgow advent electrical power combined wartime damage meant hull company wound public services kingston hull provided police october force named jointly police worst performing police force united_kingdom based data released home office year major improvements home office list released october shows force rising places forces rated police received ratings good fair categories prison hull located city operated prison service category adult male prisoners statutory emergency fire rescue service provided fire rescue service headquarters near fire stations hull service formed following local government reorganisation amalgamation east riding yorkshire county fire service borough fire rescue service kingston hull city fire brigade lincoln fire brigade small west riding yorkshire county fire rescue service hull east yorkshire hospitals trust provides healthcare sites hull royal castle hill hospital princess royal hospital private hospitals including ones run hospitals yorkshire ambulance service provides emergency patient transport primary health care services commissioned hull clinical commissioning group provided smaller general city mental health services hull provided foundation trust runs memory clinic street west hull designed help older people early onset waste management local authority waste recycling group company works partnership hull city east riding yorkshire councils deal waste produced residents company plans build energy waste plant salt end deal tonnes rubbish waste productive use providing power equivalent houses hull distribution network operator electricity electric power stations city yorkshire water manages hull drinking waste water drinking water provided east riding yorkshire river hull low near supply experience difficulty meeting demand water river bridge moved hull yorkshire water grid area storage non water waste water sewage transported wholly pumped system flat nature terrain sewage treatment works salt end treatment works partly powered wind turbine engine education higher education university hull kingston hull home university hull founded received royal charter total student population main campuses hull main university campus north hull road notable alumni include deputy prime minister john poet philip social scientist lord anthony woman hour presenter writer murray anthony hull university partner new university centre institute higher education built north lincolnshire hull york medical school hull york medical school joint venture university hull university york admitted students british government attempts train doctors university lincoln university lincoln grew university based hull 1990s focus institution moved nearby lincoln administrative headquarters management moved university lincoln retained campus george street hull city centre whilst hull university purchased adjacent university lincoln campus site road following government cuts higher education funding george street campus close courses transferred lincoln institutions hull school art founded regarded nationally internationally excellence specialist creative centre higher education northern academy performing arts northern theatre school provide education musical theatre performance dance schools colleges hull local schools hull city_council supports secondary primary schools highest achieving state school hull school schools independent city_council include college hull collegiate school run united church schools trust formed merging hull grammar school hull high school education college hull college large sixth form colleges college college east riding college operates small adult education campus city learning skills centre adult education provision operated training hull trinity house academy offering pre sea training prospective single sex schools hull trinity house academy teaches boys school girls schools ratings city poor examination success rate years government league tables city moved tables pupils achieve grades including english general certificate secondary education place came local education authorities improvement rate cent cent cent summer best country returned table cent achieved grades national average cent dialect accent local accent distinctive noticeably different rest east riding yorkshire accents notable feature accent strong words like goat standard english yorkshire parts hull variation areas generations common england outside far north feature dropping start words example hull pronounced city hull pronounced way northern english short exists lincolnshire rhythm accent like northern lincolnshire rural east riding migration lincolnshire city industrial growth feature share surrounding rural area sound middle word example sound like time like sound words burnt nurse pronounced sound heard areas liverpool sound uncommon yorkshire word pairs spur spare fur fair illustrate geographic variation heard word pairs like pork hall hole people sounding non locals like second variations vocal distinction called paul example soon aware pole notable people notable people associated city found people kingston hull people associated university hull categories people hull called city birthplace home notable people historic significance connection hull city william instrumental abolition slavery amy johnson aviator woman fly solo england australia city include singer david sports commentator tony green actors sir tom john recently actress richard john close connections hull musicians include paul beautiful south guitarist worked david_bowie recently indie band john hailed hull poet philip lived hull years wrote mature work city artist david studied hull college art moving london new_york chemist professor george gray year career university developed stable liquid crystals immediate success screens sorts electronic notable include sullivan rugby league player played hull professional rugby league teams black captain national representative team main road city bridge named sullivan way nick played liverpool leeds united returning play hometown club hull city won england caps played famous victory germany dean spells hull city accepting welsh born baron kingston hull deputy prime minister john took title adopted home city hull international relations hull formal arrangements following cities named directly hull hull massachusetts united_states hull quebec canada local rivalries hull longstanding local rivalry towns opposite


sheffield sheffield city metropolitan borough south yorkshire england historically west riding yorkshire derives river runs city southern suburbs annexed city grown largely industrial roots encompass wider economic base population city sheffield est largest regional english cities core cities group sheffield largest english district population metropolitan population sheffield 19th century sheffield gained international reputation steel production innovations developed locally including steel increase population industrial revolution sheffield received municipal charter city sheffield international competition iron steel caused decline industries 1970s 1980s coinciding collapse coal mining area 21st century seen extensive redevelopment sheffield british cities sheffield gross value added increased standing billion economy experienced steady growth averaging annually greater broader region yorkshire city valleys river don tributaries porter brook sheffield entire area green space city lies peak district national park parks woodlands gardens city estimated million trees giving sheffield highest ratio trees people city europe city long sporting heritage home world oldest football club history area occupied city sheffield believed inhabited late upper period years ago earliest evidence human occupation sheffield area found east city iron age area southernmost territory tribe called tribe thought constructed hill forts sheffield following departure romans sheffield area southern celtic kingdom rivers don forming boundary kingdom kingdom gradually settlers pushed west kingdom celtic presence sheffield area evidenced settlements called wales close sheffield settlements grew merged form sheffield date second half millennium anglo saxon danish origin anglo saxon times sheffield area border kingdoms anglo saxon chronicle reports king submitted king hamlet suburb sheffield key event unification kingdom england house norman conquest sheffield castle built protect local settlements small town developed nucleus modern city market established known castle square sheffield subsequently grew small market town 14th century sheffield noted production knives mentioned canterbury tales early main centre manufacture england outside london overseen company mary queen scots imprisoned sheffield castle sheffield manor form steel process discovered allowed manufacture better quality steel previously possible period technique developed thin sheet silver copper produce silver plating widely known sheffield plate innovations spurred sheffield growth industrial town loss important export markets led recession late 18th early 19th century resulting poor conditions culminated cholera epidemic killed people population town grew rapidly 19th century increasing town incorporated borough granted city charter influx people led demand better water supplies number new constructed outskirts town collapse dam wall resulted great sheffield flood killed people devastated large parts town growing population led construction dwellings severe pollution factories inspired george write sheffield suppose claim called town old world recession 1930s halted increasing international tensions second world war sheffield steel factories set work manufacturing weapons ammunition war effort result city target bombing raids heaviest occurred nights december known sheffield blitz lives lost buildings destroyed 1950s 1960s city demolished replaced housing schemes park hill flats large parts city centre cleared way new system roads increased competition abroad resulted closure steel mills 1980s saw worst run sheffield industries areas building centre site mixed blessing creating needed jobs decline city centre attempts city kick started city hosted world student games saw construction new sporting facilities sheffield arena don valley stadium ponds forge complex sheffield changing rapidly new projects run parts city heart city project initiated number public works city centre peace gardens renovated millennium galleries opened april winter gardens opened public space link areas millennium square opened additional developments included square recently refurbished railway station new square contains cutting edge sculpture designed applied ltd sheffield steel sheffield particularly hard hit united_kingdom floods big freeze landmark buildings sheffield wednesday grounds flooded close nearby rivers flow city government sheffield governed local level sheffield city_council consists elected represent ward following local elections distribution council seats labour liberal democrats green party city lord mayor simply ceremonial position past office carried considerable authority executive powers finances affairs city_council history council controlled labour_party noted leftist sympathies 1980s sheffield city_council led david area gained epithet socialist republic south yorkshire liberal democrats controlled council took control majority council owned facilities operated independent charitable sheffield international venues runs city sporting leisure facilities including sheffield arena english institute sport museums sheffield sheffield industrial museums trust care galleries museums owned council city returns members parliament house_of_commons sixth member parliament representing parts sheffield deputy prime minister nick sheffield representing sheffield geography sheffield located lies directly separated largely motorway metropolitan borough borders sheffield north town miles away southern western borders city shared half 20th century sheffield extended borders south number villages including area known directly west city peak district national park hill range south yorkshire lies east sheffield geographically diverse city city natural created hills forming eastern foothills confluence rivers don porter city built views city centre countryside city lowest point metres sea level near meadows parts city metres highest point metres high stones near hill housing city metres sea level estimated contain million trees sheffield trees person city europe according sheffield city_council england city claim reinforced won competition woodlands covering km2 public parks covering km2 public gardens added square miles km2 national park square miles km2 water means city despite sheffield live metres nearest access better affluent city disputes city_council residents fate city highway trees having october billion streets ahead road improvement scheme sheffield wide variety habitat comparing favourably city united_kingdom urban woodland agricultural land meadows freshwater based habitats areas city designated sites special scientific interest present city boundaries set slight modification county borough sheffield merged urban district parishes rural district area includes significant countryside surrounding main urban region roughly sheffield lies peak district national park english city included parts national park boundary creation march south downs national park lies brighton climate like rest united_kingdom climate sheffield generally temperate west city create cool wet environment provide shelter prevailing westerly winds casting rain shadow area sheffield averaged millimetres rain year december month millimetres july millimetres july hottest month average maximum temperature average minimum temperature january february lowest temperatures recorded months temperature fallen suggesting park site second half 20th century prevent temperatures occurring temperature recorded recent years note official park weather station statistics viewed sheffield central library temperature recorded december states lowest december temperature temperature recorded city sheffield park records began registered february lowest daytime maximum temperature city records began recorded february recently recorded daytime maximum park december park weather station statistics viewed sheffield central library average winter months december march days ground frost occurs park weather station established longest running weather stations united_kingdom recorded weather years report showed climate sheffield warming faster time period hottest years record collaboration stockholm environment institute sheffield developed carbon based consumption figures tonnes year compares total carbon tonnes year factors greatest impact housing transport consumer private services public services food capital investment sheffield city_council signed campaign subdivisions sheffield suburbs developed villages absorbed sheffield city grew historical areas largely ignored modern administrative political divisions city instead divided electoral ward generally covering areas electoral grouped parliamentary sheffield largely parish councils town council united_kingdom census reported resident population sheffield decline census city wider sheffield urban area population racial composition sheffield population white white british white irish gypsy irish traveller white mixed race white black caribbean white black african white asian mixed asian indian pakistani chinese asian black african caribbean black arab ethnic heritage terms religion population christian muslim hindu buddhist jewish belong religion religion state religion largest group year olds large university student population population sheffield peaked declined steadily population estimate representing increase residents city sheffield informally known largest village england combination isolation demographic stability relatively geographically isolated cut places ring hills local folklore insists like rome sheffield built seven hills land surrounding sheffield unsuitable industrial use includes protected green belt areas factors served restrict urban spread resulting relatively stable population size low degree mobility economy years decline sheffield economy going strong revival bank financial planning study revealed sheffield district highest ranking area outside london overall wealth proportion people earning year standing survey knight frank revealed sheffield fastest growing city outside london office residential space second half seen current surge including city tower accompanying paul place velocity living redevelopment forthcoming recently completed winter gardens peace gardens millennium galleries projects sheffield redevelopment agency sheffield economy grew billion billion cities monitor placed sheffield best cities locate business today city occupying fourth places respectively best office location best new centre location report places sheffield place reputation second terms availability financial incentives sheffield international reputation steel making innovations fields sheffield example benjamin discovered technique workshop process rendered obsolete henry invention thomas invented sheffield plate silver copper early 18th century steel invented harry work 1960s 1970s 1980s fundamental development modern high strength low innovations continue new advanced manufacturing technologies techniques developed advanced manufacturing park sheffield universities independent research organisations organisations located include advanced manufacturing research centre research partnership boeing company university sheffield technology international institute william cook group founded sole remaining independent steel works world dominates north east sheffield lower don valley firm global reputation producing largest complex steel certified produce critical nuclear components recent projects including royal_navy class submarines firm capacity pouring largest single tonnes europe currently process expanding capabilities iron steel long main industries sheffield coal mining major industry particularly outlying areas palace westminster london built limestone nearby village areas employment include centres city_council universities hospitals sheffield major retail centre home high street department stores designer main shopping areas city centre orchard square quarter department stores city centre include john lewis marks sheffield main market castle market built remains castle demolished sheffield market opened shopping areas outside city centre include shopping centre retail park road london road park crystal peaks shopping centre survey forecast expenditure retail centres united_kingdom ranked 12th sheffield city centre 19th sheffield district energy system exploits city domestic waste converting energy electricity provides hot water distributed miles pipes city networks networks supply heat hot water buildings city include cinemas hospitals shops offices universities sheffield university university sheffield residential properties energy generated waste plant produces thermal energy electrical energy tonnes waste sheffield city region enterprise zone launched promote development number sites sheffield wider region march additional sites added zone transport national international travel road sheffield linked national motorway network skirts north east city linking sheffield london south leeds north crosses near branches close sheffield linking city robin hood sheffield airport ports sheffield parkway connects city centre rail major railway routes sheffield railway station include midland main line links city london east cross country route links east scotland northeast england west southwest lines linking liverpool manchester hull east redevelopment london station international complete sheffield direct connection continental europe east trains run services international run services france belgium master named passenger express train running sheffield railway station london provides direct connection capital coalition government announced october sheffield included proposed high speed rail network connecting north england london plan sheffield leeds served line connect manchester south birmingham london station probable london terminus construction yorkshire east high speed line likely begin services begin operation trains serving sheffield apart east midland trains provided express northern aside main railway station stations sheffield bus rail interchange second largest station number services including long distance service stations serve commuter stations suburban communities connected national rail network coach coach services running sheffield operated national express lesser extent group national express services sheffield interchange interchange bus stop services national express services sheffield frequent basis service direct connection london victoria coach station operating times day directions services connect sheffield manchester airport airports respectively services sheffield route london newcastle respectively canal sheffield south yorkshire navigation system inland waterways canals rivers yorkshire lincolnshire chiefly based river don runs length miles locks connects sheffield river trent new junction canal navigation air following closure sheffield city airport closest international airport sheffield sheffield airport located miles minutes city centre operates site raf airport opened april served mainly charter budget handles million passengers year new link road open january connect sheffield airport motorway reducing journey time sheffield city centre minutes east airport hour drive city manchester airport connected directly sheffield direct train hour local travel roads major trunk roads sheffield run east west north south respectively crossing city centre major roads generally spoke like inner ring road constructed 1970s extended form complete ring allows traffic avoid city centre outer ring road runs east south east north nearer edge city serve western sheffield sheffield extensive suburban inter urban railway network comparable british cities local rail routes running city valleys connecting parts south yorkshire west yorkshire lincolnshire local routes include line valley line hope valley line line main stations sheffield suburban stations sheffield derived previous operated opened shortly similar scheme manchester network consists miles track lines halfway bridge blue line yellow line park purple line lines running city centre system contains street segregated running depending section line serves important connection areas north east sheffield valley city centre operated group system integrated buses sheffield meaning passengers switch modes transport having buy separate ticket network extended fleet new train sharing conventional rail line sheffield sheffield local bus infrastructure main hub sheffield interchange bus stations lie halfway new operators created series reduced number numerous bus operators sheffield south yorkshire yorkshire travel holmes sheffield community transport south yorkshire far largest bus operator recent years implemented series fare rises service cuts saw bus drop recent developments seen sheffield taking yorkshire parent company yorkshire traction forming company process expanding bus services city resulted increased competition price drops certain routes zero fare bus service operated south yorkshire operated circular route city centre sheffield interchange buses stopped save million bus rapid transit scheme sheffield approved yorkshire assembly regional transport board plans routes northern route developing employment centre cycling cycling hilly sheffield compact major trunk roads trans trail national cycle network route running west east east riding yorkshire north south leeds west yorkshire cycle routes going country paths woods surrounding city education universities colleges sheffield universities university sheffield sheffield university combined bring students city year sheffield university established university college sheffield university sheffield sheffield university university sites sheffield city campus located city centre close sheffield railway station collegiate crescent campus miles away adjacent road south west sheffield university largest students international students staff courses sheffield university history goes establishment sheffield school design 1960s independent colleges including school design joined sheffield sheffield city finally renamed sheffield university sheffield main education providers sheffield college park sixth form college academy sheffield college organised federal basis originally created merger colleges city reduced sheffield city castle near city centre serving north city peaks south secondary primary pre school education primary schools secondary schools sixth forms high king king edward vii utc sheffield notre dame catholic high saints catholic high sixth form college park sixth form college city independent private schools include school sheffield high school special schools number integrated resource units mainstream schools schools managed sheffield city_council schools non selective mixed sex schools apart sheffield high school girls school early years education service sheffield city_council manages children centres city sport sheffield long sporting heritage collective formed world official football club sheffield world second play world oldest football ground suburb sheffield today sheffield major non league sides sheffield play outside city nearby sheffield contest known sheffield derby football clubs sheffield amateur league cup competitions taking place city sheffield best known professional football teams sheffield united known locally blades sheffield wednesday known locally united play lane south city centre compete football league whilst wednesday play north west city compete football league championship clubs contest steel city derby considered fierce football rivalries english football pre war era wednesday united enjoyed large amounts success found country clubs sheffield wednesday champions football league whilst sheffield united won cup teams united winning occasions wednesday post war wednesday beaten finalists cup 1970s early 1980s sides fell grace wednesday finding division mid 70s united far fourth division wednesday england high flying clubs following promotion division winning league cup competing cup reaching final league cup cup season united wednesday founding members premier league blades relegated remained clubs gone decline 21st century wednesday twice relegated league united suffering fate despite brief spell premier league sheffield wednesday new owner aiming promotion premier league united play championship play home games city having moved play sheffield don valley stadium following dispute previous landlord traditional home ground july club moved new seat new_york stadium whilst united wednesday contest steel city derby facilities golf climbing bowling newly inaugurated national ice skating arena sheffield eagles city professional rugby league team play matches stadium currently play second tier professional league championship current champions having won titles successful moment came odds defeated warriors challenge cup final despite huge team hit troubled times reforming played rugby championship second tier playoffs finishing fifth place grand final defeating huge favourites playoff semi final final beaten sheffield bid host city rugby league world cup bid unsuccessful sheffield home sheffield ice hockey team play sheffield arena play team professional elite ice hockey league sheffield sporting facilities built world student games city hosted including sheffield arena ponds forge international diving swimming complex ponds forge home sheffield city swimming club local swimming club competing league don valley international athletics stadium largest athletics stadium constructed games sheffield ski village largest artificial ski resort europe destroyed series suspected arson attacks city indoor climbing centres sheffield national city sport home english institute sport sheffield british athletes trained olympics sheffield close ties city theatre venue world championships english institute sport hosts fencing competitions year including national championships seniors cadets senior european fencing championships english open held city year international open world championship tournaments held ponds forge city hosts sheffield tigers rugby union sheffield sharks basketball sheffield university hockey sheffield ice hockey sheffield tigers teams sheffield golf courses city sheffield selected candidate host city football association english world cup bid december stadium chosen proposed venue matches sheffield bid failed national hockey league stanley cup sheffield sheffield home sheffield steel roller derby team sheffield hosted finish stage tour france city limits located kilometres finish ninth final climb stage category road point king mountains competition claimed chris team sky climb kilometres long average gradient stage won eventual overall winner pro team culture attractions sheffield city designated city culture july announced selected attractions sheffield walk fame city centre honours famous sheffield residents past present similar way hollywood version sheffield wheel known wheel sheffield located atop shopping wheel dismantled october moved london park city farm graves park home sheffield farm animal collections fully open public listed buildings sheffield including sheffield postal district grade listed grade overwhelming majority listed grade compared english cities sheffield buildings highest grade listing liverpool example grade listed buildings situation led noted architecture historian writing comment city miserable disappointment century buildings distinction contrast november sheffield peace winter gardens beat london south bank gain royal institute british architects academy great place award outstanding example cities improved urban spaces attractive accessible possible music sheffield home known bands musicians notably large number electronic bands originating city include human league heaven abc inclined clock electronic tradition continued techno label warp records central pillar yorkshire bass scene early 1990s gone oldest best loved dance music labels recently popular genres electronic music bassline house originated city sheffield home number historically important early dance music scene 1980s 90s popular clubs north england destruction fire june number major music acts including joe paul mike mechanics arctic bring horizon pulp hail city indie band long originated city nme dubbed new yorkshire scene national centre popular music museum dedicated subject popular music opened city successful hoped later evolved live music venue february unusual steel covered building students union sheffield university live music venues city include hotel west street live dove rainbow corporation new tavern hotel bar nightclub city hall university sheffield students union studio theatre theatre academy sheffield sheffield hosts number festivals north sheffield comedy festival music film festival festival festival launched annual music festival held venues sheffield city centre features local national artists city home local sheffield symphony orchestra sheffield orchestra sheffield chamber orchestra city sheffield youth orchestra sheffield chorus chorus community choir theatres sheffield large theatres theatre theatre smaller studio theatre largest theatre complex outside london located tudor square theatre home world championships hosts known stage productions year opened serves venue touring west end productions operas opera north locally produced shows sheffield montgomery theatre small theatre located short distance tudor square opposite town hall surrey street large number smaller amateur theatres scattered city museums sheffield museums managed distinct organisations museums sheffield manages park museum grade listed building millennium galleries graves art gallery sheffield industrial museums trust manages museums dedicated sheffield industrial heritage island museum located north city centre showcases city history steel manufacturing industrial hamlet south city grade listed building scheduled ancient monument shepherd wheel south east city water powered grinding workshop grade listed scheduled ancient monument sheffield reputed million trees known city europe consequently parks woods city parks sheffield city parks district parks local parks located city included city parks category sheffield public gardens sheffield botanical gardens peace gardens walled gardens sheffield winter gardens gardens gardens separate entities sheffield botanical gardens acre site located south west city centre date site includes large grade listed victorian era peace gardens town hall forming heart city project occupy site centre city site dominated water features principle fountain individual jets water fountain lies corner quarter circle shaped peace gardens named notable sheffield industrialist redevelopment peace gardens received number regional national accolades walled garden located park north west city centre gardens date dedicated victims disaster redevelopment gardens early 1990s winter garden lying heart city large wood framed glass skinned greenhouse housing plants world city number nature reserves combined occupy acres km2 land woodland areas city classed ancient south west boundary city overlaps peak district national park national park england est consequence communities actually reside entities peak district home notable natural features man features house setting bbc series pride prejudice sheffield city_council created new chain parks spanning hill sheffield station park known valley park open air include site home medieval deer park owned duke norfolk entertainment sheffield cinema complexes city centre lower don valley complexes located valley leisure entertainment complex don valley built land previously occupied steel mills near sheffield arena home restaurants bars cinema bowling alley largest complex united_kingdom containing screens building sheffield situated gate city centre located shopping centre mainstream cinemas city independent cinema showing non mainstream productions located square close sheffield station voted best independent cinema country guardian readers cinemas complex recently opened city centre close existing complex cinema based sheffield banking company building located gate cinema features resolution opened january owing long history sheffield large number city west street running heart west end district city centre home bars clubs attracts student visitors recent addition city square situated northern end west street indian restaurant square serves cuisine recently voted best restaurant group prestigious british awards media film sheffield commercial newspapers star sheffield telegraph published press star published daily sheffield telegraph weekly publication originated sheffield station sheffield live profit company began broadcasting september awarded year licence provide digital terrestrial broadcasting service regional broadcasters bbc yorkshire yorkshire television cover city local radio stations broadcast city professional services bbc radio sheffield independent sister station magic sheffield home licensed community radio stations sheffield live community radio radio hospital broadcasting sheffield broadcasts hour service royal wing northern general park hospitals operated volunteers studios royal hospital provided free medium wave northern general hospital films plays threads looks saturday comes happened smith history boys lions set city kill list include scenes filmed sheffield substantial giants filmed city documentary festival sheffield run annually cinema sheffield hosted awards international indian film academy public services sheffield south yorkshire police territorial police force headquarters city sheffield constitutes basic command units force area approximately square kilometres 13th largest force england wales northern_ireland force possession police helicopter known sierra yankee medical services sheffield provided foundation sheffield teaching hospitals foundation trust provides healthcare people primarily adults sheffield south yorkshire title includes word teaching training medical students university sheffield strong links sheffield university trust campuses west campus containing royal hospital wing wing park hospital specialist cancer treatment charles dental hospital northern general hospital second campus large facility northern suburbs sheffield containing city department sheffield children foundation trust provides healthcare children city sheffield south yorkshire sheffield health social care foundation trust provides mental health services services people learning disabilities substance services long term conditions consortium sheffield institute motor disease known sheffield institute developed university sheffield provided yorkshire ambulance service trust fire services sheffield provided south yorkshire fire rescue service purposes fire fighting rescue sheffield divided east west sub divisions domestic waste services sheffield provided environmental services contract behalf council domestic recycling services recently improved addition glass recycling home council owned run buildings maintained group sheffield partnership council sister cities sheffield international linking committee promotes sheffield overseas especially sister cities people republic china people republic china germany ukraine nicaragua cities friendship agreement sheffield japan pakistan administered pittsburgh united_states roads sheffield named sister cities section named parkway road named way likewise germany major road called sheffield ring


town civil parish bristol bath somerset south west england population listed book believed mean home saint site town occupied prehistoric times site roman settlement remains roman excavated additional roman buildings detected beneath developed medieval market town abbey founded situated confluence river river subject flooding creation valley lake river level controls lock great flood inundated large parts town home chocolate factory opened major employer town home memorial park annual town festival nature reserves town served railway station london bristol bristol southampton trunk routes close road bypassed town schools religious sporting cultural clubs venues history roman evidence occupation dates prehistoric times roman period site roman settlement latin word believed settlement roman ford river existed vicinity numerous roman ruins discovered likely candidate lost settlement construction hill cemetery remains grand roman villa rooms discovered unfortunately construction cemetery went ahead majority villa located beneath victorian cemetery adjacent road cemetery expanded dig carried ahead leading excavation rooms rescue elaborate time grand roman villa excavated hill cemetery second smaller roman discovered construction chocolate factory fine stone excavated interred remains male female villa removed site reconstructed near gates factory grounds construction factory went ahead constructed museum grounds factory house hill numerous artifacts years factory property sold taylor redevelopment housing community taylor carried detailed assessment area discovered additional roman buildings centered roman road beneath evidence additional roman buildings disturbed currently plans roman ruins medieval according legend saint daughter king lived banks river 5th century settling warned local king area snakes prevented prayed heavens turned snakes stone fossil found area believed result evidence cult celebrated scattered evidence suggests anglo saxon settlement existed high street area 9th century church existed earliest documentary reference anglo saxon chronicle refers old english town listed book suggested origin fact saint abbey founded congregation canon regulars evidence suggests abbey built site previous saxon church settlement developed medieval market town abbey given ownership abbey survived dissolution monasteries house subsequently built site remains designated grade listed building english_heritage modern history played civil war saved town camped night pub known lock keeper inn guard post rebellion town site battle royalist forces rebel duke bridges built killed rebellion post world war creation valley lake river level controls lock prone flooding great flood inundated large parts town destroying town bridges including county bridge stood medieval times private premises hill devastation viewed duke edinburgh flood memorial park laid world war extended rose fame late 1950s early 1960s featured long running series advertisements radio draw betting system obtain system listeners write post office box spelled air famously bristol proper pronunciation cane spelling immediately obvious radio listener 1950s dormitory town bristol bath high street shopping area town hall library clock tower built mid-1960s 2010s regeneration design work regeneration town hall area awarded bath north east somerset council works cost stated million million plans hoped attract new business jobs aftermath announcement factory closure january announced group appointed contractor scheme council planning committee august deferred approval decision pending alterations external appearance building approved october demolition commencing month civic centre area came use late early governance town council responsibility local issues including setting annual local rate cover council operating costs producing annual accounts public scrutiny town council local planning applications works local police district council officers neighbourhood watch groups matters crime security traffic town council role includes projects maintenance repair parish facilities village hall community centre consulting district council maintenance repair improvement highways drainage public transport street cleaning playing fields provided memorial park road road road manor road basketball facilities road road track road town council responsible football pitches pavilion manor road multi sport site memorial park provides support community groups organising music cultural events conservation matters including trees listed buildings environmental issues interest council town council formed consists members elected years labour conservative official twin town france administered short lived county formed authority bath north east somerset ceremonial county somerset bath north east somerset created established local government act town divided north conservative south represented conservative labour east remaining conservatives bath north east somerset provides single tier local government responsibility local government functions area including local planning building control local roads council housing environmental health markets refuse collection recycling leisure services parks tourism responsible education social services libraries main roads public transport trading standards waste disposal strategic planning fire police ambulance services provided jointly authorities fire rescue service somerset great western ambulance service bath north east somerset area covers ceremonial county somerset administered independently non metropolitan county administrative headquarters bath departments headquartered april april district city bath county parish urban district parish represented house_of_commons parliament united_kingdom north east somerset constituency county constituency created boundary commission england successor seat parliamentary seat came general election represented conservative jacob member parliament past post system election south west england constituency european parliament method party list proportional representation geography located river meets river fishing rights sections owned club mill ground stretch river consists fields western bank place albert mill water home european perch good numbers trout lock opened lock visitor pub island lock island mouth river memorial park northern existed 19th century shown ordnance survey maps formally laid world war extended floods covers hectares acres woodland grass alongside river commemorates war dead includes facilities including children play areas park multi sport area bowling green public toilets formal gardens park adjacent river hill woods western end park known locally park proximity river area close abbey abbey park park received green flag award outskirts lies rich acidic grassland sites area site south facing slope running alongside bristol bath railway line consists open patches grassland bare rock interspersed blocks site upright occurs locally notable plant species found include annual sand subterranean site statutory conservation status managed biodiversity interest threats ecological value include grassland areas damage motorcycle hectares acres area green belt planted trees manor road community woodland designated nature reserve nearby valley country park tourist attraction rest south west england temperate climate generally rest england annual mean temperature seasonal variations modifying effect sea range parts united_kingdom january month mean minimum temperatures july august months region mean daily general december month june south west england enjoys favoured location particularly summer azores high extends influence north eastwards cloud forms inland especially near hills reduces exposure sunshine average annual sunshine totals hours rainfall tends associated atlantic depressions convection summer convection caused solar surface heating forms shower clouds large proportion annual precipitation falls showers thunderstorms time year average rainfall days snowfall typical november march highest mean wind speeds june august having predominant wind direction south west census population households described white east ward population north south population described christians said religion population civil parish grew gradually rise years nearly doubled economy important industry town chocolate factory factory sons business merged moved factory centre bristol factory built acre km2 site social facilities including playing fields recreational sports grounds called national competition home chocolate cream double dairy milk mini eggs october announced plans close plant loss jobs production moved factories birmingham poland longer term likely site classified provide additional housing labour dan said news factory closure hard heavy blow workforce community late campaigns save factory swing local resident started campaign urge english_heritage protect site preserve history factory campaign succeed february site scheduled closure likely demolition suggested land redeveloped mixture housing commercial interests giving figure approximately jobs created result takeover february foods pledged factory open successful bid company week completing purchase ceo released statement announcing close factory originally planned stated reason purchase realised advanced plans industry experts questioned explanation arguing invested researching bid aware extent plans advanced culture town featured title fourth album dog band title chosen honour referenced previous dog band recordings early 1960s known regular advertisements radio football pools prediction service giving contact address slowly spell letter letter amusing feature young listeners festival started late 1990s takes place memorial park july attracts people victorian evening held town november local history society formed concerned researching recording history area chosen outdoor location dramatic story line bbc serial september filming taking place section high street abbey jane catherine friends ride view town transport town served railway station london bristol bristol southampton trunk routes opened renamed factory rail system connected mainline connection chocolate factory taken use july station reverted station rebuilt joint project british rail county council road run town traffic carried bypass constructed bypass runs village bristol monarch way long distance escape route taken king charles_ii defeated battle worcester town served bus routes connect bath bristol runs way shops bristol city centre bus service runs way shops hospital bus service runs causeway bus runs numerical order bath bristol airport hospital bath bristol bath bristol bath bristol bristol education state funded schools organised authority bath north east somerset review secondary education bath started primarily reduce surplus provision reduce number single sex secondary schools bath access capital funds available government building schools future programme primary schools including primary school castle primary school junior school new school primary school merge primary school old temple primary school secondary schools school school school mixed comprehensive school established grammar school county secondary school opened shared site mid-1950s students attend school live nearby villages approximately students attend school ranging age achieving grades bid specialist school status accepted september meaning school sports science college means school joined national network specialist schools resulting school bath north east somerset having joint bid unusual schools country combined sports science school specialist science college engineering college status students ages years school opened nearby bath universities university bath established known academically physical sciences mathematics architecture management technology bath spa university granted degree awarding powers university college bath spa university college granted university status august schools art design education english creative studies historical cultural studies music performing arts social sciences city contains education college city bath college sixth forms state private public schools england average pupils gained grades including english bath north east somerset pupils taking special needs education provided ways school religious sites begun anglican parish church john baptist gradually evolved taking present general form reign charles_ii tower collapsed building storm tower built north east corner nave rises stages western entrance pierced short said built ruins abbey church south aisle south porch date chancel responsibility abbey rebuilt restoration carried following collapse tower pulpit dating screen age choir designated grade listed building organ said stood church tones mellow offering bells exchange offer accepted musician went organ bells delivered bells total family smallest bears lines value thomas sound small heard john baptist church churches church_of_england parish village churches michael margaret queen mission church school building francis church park estate underwent extensive offers halls use community groups victoria queens road methodist churches roman_catholic_church church churches work churches banner churches life sport cricket club play frank taylor memorial ground 1st compete west england premier league division marcus noticeable player played club family remain members club incorporates senior members junior members rugby football club play crown field club notable tragic event occurred december fatal road accident outside club ground ford car people leaving annual disco woman year old sarah died scene second person year old rugby player richard died hospital days later injuries later found guilty double charge causing death dangerous driving sentenced years prison bristol crown court town founded played continuously apart break world war moved current ground crown field played bristol district league progressed bristol combination bristol premier somerset senior league won somerset senior cup elected western league relegated years later promoted premier division times relegated times won somerset senior cup time reached 5th round currently play western football league division club situated memorial park leisure centre built british gas gift town includes swimming pool gymnasium notable residents notable people born lived comedian bill bailey raised town entertainer research assistant known cast member real world london local sports players include mark professional rugby player player rugby football club luke lancashire county cricket club played wicket keeper batsman marcus somerset england cricketer professional player football pools lived making town famous spelling radio author born raised queen road