close encounters kind close encounters kind american science fiction film written directed steven_spielberg starring richard bob tells story roy everyday blue collar worker indiana life changes encounter unidentified flying object ufo close encounters long project late developed deal columbia pictures science fiction film received sole credit script assisted paul john hill david matthew jerry contributed screenplay varying degrees title derived ufo allen classification close encounters aliens kind denotes human observations aliens beings douglas served visual effects supervisor designed aliens production budget million close encounters released limited number cities november november expanding wide release following month critical financial success eventually grossing million worldwide special edition film featuring additional scenes released theatrically cut film issued vhs laserdisc later dvd blu ray film received numerous awards nominations 50th academy_awards 32nd british academy film awards 35th golden globe awards saturn awards widely acclaimed american_film_institute december deemed culturally historically aesthetically significant united_states library congress selected preservation national film registry plot desert french scientist american interpreter david bob government scientific researchers discover flight squadron went missing years earlier planes intact operational sign pilots old man witnessed event claimed sun came night sang find lost cargo ship desert named air traffic control center indianapolis controller airline flights narrowly avoid mid air collision apparent unidentified flying object ufo pilot chooses report invited indiana year old barry awakened night toys start operating fascinated gets bed discovers screen kitchen runs outside forcing mother chase investigating series large scale power outages indiana electrical roy richard experiences close encounter ufo flies truck lightly burns face bright lights ufo joining group pursued police cars spacecraft fly night sky roy fascinated dismay wife increasingly obsessed mental images mountain like shape begins models obsessed unique looking mountain soon home ufo descends clouds presence ufo energy field makes house malfunction barry abducted unseen beings group united_nations experts continue investigate increasing ufo activity strange related occurrences witnesses india report distinctive sounds tone musical phrase major scale scientists broadcast phrase outer space response seemingly meaningless series numbers repeated background recognizes set geographical coordinates actually coordinates near collins colorado coordinates plot correct coordinates point tower near wyoming military converge wyoming united_states_army area planting false reports media train wreck toxic nerve gas preparing secret landing zone occupants roy increasingly erratic behavior causes leave taking children roy inadvertently sees television news program train wreck near tower realizes mental image mountain real sees broadcast roy similar visions experiences travel site spite public warnings nerve gas civilians drawn site army roy persist site dozens appear night sky government specialists site begin communicate use light sound large electrical billboard following enormous mother ship lands site releasing animals dozen long missing adults children different past eras returned include missing pilots flight sailors strangely aged barry returned reunited relieved government officials decide include roy group people selected potential visitors hastily prepare aliens finally emerge select roy join travels roy enters aliens moments humans uses hand signs correspond note alien phrase alien replies gestures returns ship galaxy cast richard roy electrical indiana encounters forms obsession unidentified flying objects steve choice impressed script felt right role unable cry cue gene turned jack turned scheduling conflicts explained filming jaws talked casting listened days worth close encounters contributed ideas reflected launched campaign walk steve office stuff like sense humor jack crazy eventually convinced cast french government scientist charge ufo related activities united_states jean louis considered role filming free time write script man loved women worked novel titled actor project abandoned barry mother forms similar obsession roy friends wanted portray cast worked bound glory suggested cast days filming began roy wife amy auditioned role barry young child abducted middle film conducted series method acting techniques help cast years old bob david assistant english french interpreter meet time desert beginning film position allows interpret alien signals coordinates leading meeting tower larry butler man meets roy wyoming attempts scale tower lance robert assistant roberts farmer radical claims seen allen cameo appearances closing scene friends matthew cameo world war pilots returning mother ship real life technician cameos operator synthesizer communicating alien ship musician jerry makes appearance crowd scene appeared soldier film production development film origins traced director steven_spielberg youth father watched shower new_jersey teenager completed length science fiction film scenes incorporated close encounters shot shot basis wrote short story called experiences lovers lane united_states farming community light group teenagers night sky late post production express developed deal columbia pictures science fiction film 20th century fox previously turned offer julia michael phillips instantly signed producers considered documentary low budget feature film people believed decided film depended state art technology couldn million borrowing phrase ending thing world retitled film watch skies premise concerning project blue book pitching concept remembered flying outer space landing boulevard west hollywood california steve worst idea heard brought paul write script december principal photography begin started work jaws pushing watch skies financial critical success jaws earned vast creative control columbia including right film way wanted turned script called embarrassing professionally turned major film studio director terribly guilt ridden story titled kingdom come script protagonist year old air_force officer named paul van owen worked project blue book job government ridicule debunk flying continued day encounter goes government threatening blow lid public instead government spend years trying contact experienced creative differences hiring john hill rewrite point main character police officer found hard identify men uniform wanted everyday regular rejected hill script post production jaws reflected wanted like james_bond adventure david performed rewrite matthew friends suggested plot device kidnapped child began write script song wish star influenced writing style hung story mood song created way affected personally jerry wrote shooting script end given solo writing credit pre production title changed kingdom come close encounters kind allen worked united_states_air_force project blue book hired scientific consultant felt film fiction based known facts ufo mystery certainly catches flavor phenomenon enormous pressure blockbuster jaws decided ufo movie career line nasa declined cooperate film fact nasa reportedly sent page letter telling releasing film dangerous interview said found faith heard government opposed film nasa took time write page letter knew happening filming principal photography began associated_press report august suggested filming start late want location shooting negative experience jaws wanted shoot close encounters entirely sound stages eventually dropped idea filming took place burbank california tower national monument wyoming abandoned world war air_force base mobile alabama louisville nashville railroad depot bay home barry abducted located outside town alabama roy home drive east mobile fly toll booth vincent thomas bridge san california desert sequence photographed dunes california india filmed small village near miles outside bombay india alabama times larger biggest sound stage world technical budgetary problems occurred filming called close encounters twice bad twice expensive jaws matters worsened columbia pictures experienced financial difficulties estimated film cost million original pitch columbia final budget came million columbia studio executive john remembered knew going cost wouldn didn money hired joe collaborator jaws production designer addition atlantic hurricane season brought tropical storms alabama large portion sound stage alabama damaged lightning strike columbia raised million sources time inc emi german tax shelters cinematographer said time shooting film got ideas watching movies night turn extended production schedule continually adding new scenes filmed previously turned chance work jaws book eat lunch town producer julia phillips wrote highly remarks fired post production cocaine addiction phillips blamed visual effects douglas visual effects supervisor designed aliens joked visual effects budget million produce additional film work helped lead advances motion control photography mother ship designed built look ship inspired oil saw night india instead metallic hardware look star wars emphasis look ufo models oxygen mask lights attached irregular shape subtle joke dennis finished working star wars small model underside model display institution air space museum annex washington airport virginia close encounters filmed visual effects sequences shot film better conform film rest movie test reel computer generated imagery found expensive ineffective cgi infancy mid-1970s small aliens final scenes played local girls mobile alabama decision requested felt girls boys attempted aliens idea failed successfully depict aliens tall alien seen emerging articulated puppet alien hand signals near end film post production close encounters collaboration film editor michael working relationship continued rest films stated film hard edit minutes close encounters thousands feet footage find right shots end sequence completed cut film dissatisfied feeling wasn wow pick ups commissioned cinematographer participate commitments john douglas worked pick ups originally find flight hidden amazon idea changed desert composer john williams wrote examples iconic tone motif chose film called williams work wish star meets science fiction wanted wish star closing credits denied permission song signature melody heard briefly roy turns board took minutes preview post production completed june late film released summer blockbuster star wars opened summer soundtrack score composed conducted produced john williams previously won academy_award work jaws like note jaws theme tone motif close encounters popular culture tones scientists communicate visiting spaceship mathematical language incorporated film signature theme score recorded warner scoring studios burbank california williams nominated academy_awards score star wars score close encounters won star wars later won grammy awards close encounters score best original film score best instrumental composition theme close encounters soundtrack album released vinyl album sleeve track tape audio cassette records total running time minutes later released compact disc soundtrack album commercial success peaking billboard album chart february certified gold riaa copies shipped peaked album charts included original soundtrack album single disco treatment note motif titled theme close encounters kind included album free bonus item despite billboard chart rules time allowed single chart peaked billboard hot march single later added bonus track cassette following release collector edition film new expanded soundtrack released compact disc collectors edition soundtrack bit digital original tapes contained tracks totalling minutes music came extensive liner notes including interview williams cues given new titles contained previously unreleased material material recorded film original album reissue bonus track cassette free bonus single vinyl album collector edition themes film critic observed close encounters suggests reached point ready enter community computer makes final musical conversation alien guests possible characteristics bringing way tower little technical expertise computer literacy virtues taught schools evolved 21st century film evokes typical science fiction motifs film portrays new technologies natural expected outcome human development indication health growth critics found variety christian tower parallels mount aliens god roy moses cecil seen television household found close relations roy taken fire akin roy going ufo climbing tower moving look similar lot wife looked turned pillar salt explained wanted close encounters accessible story everyday individual sighting life throws complete starts obsessed experience roy wife attempts hide caused roy exposure wants forget encounter embarrassed happened desperately wants ordinary life expression lost life seen huge model tower living room family roy obsession idea alien intelligence construction model gradual loss contact wife mimic events short story knight close encounters studies form youth spiritual barry child refers toys child drawn smile shown toys serves motif innocence face unknown compared theme communication highlighting tolerance talk aliens close encounters kind said reds cold war sleeping final obstacle overcome ascent tower roy climb mountain pursued government helicopters sleeping gas person stops rest falls deep sleep interview inside actors studio james suggested close encounters personal theme father computer engineer mother concert pianist spaceship lands music computer suggesting roy boarding spaceship wish reunited parents interview stated close encounters children making today leave family mother ship release reception film originally released summer pushed november problems production release close encounters box office success grossing million north_america million foreign countries totaling million columbia pictures successful film time refers film best expression eyed vision murphy variety gave positive review felt close encounters lacks warmth humanity george lucas star wars murphy found film slow paced praised film climax called kid film best sense jean compared storytelling ray declared greatest science fiction film based reviews collected rotten_tomatoes certified fresh reviewers enjoyed film site consensus states close encounters iconic bits theme potato sculpture etc thoroughly absorbed culture easy forget treatment aliens peaceful beings monsters somewhat groundbreaking reissue home video final cut privilege dissatisfied film columbia pictures experiencing financial problems depending film save company wanted months finish film release summer told needed film immediately explained close encounters huge financial success told wanted director cut agreed condition inside mother ship hang reissue marketing campaign shown inside mother ship columbia gave million produce special edition film added seven minutes new footage deleted shortened existing scenes total minutes special edition minutes shorter original release special edition featured new character development scenes discovery desert view inside close encounters kind special edition released august making million accumulating final million box office gross roger_ebert thought original film astonishing achievement capturing feeling awe wonder considering likelihood life earth new version simply better film didn good time special edition version officially available video years criterion collection offered versions laserdisc triple disc laserdisc set included interactive making close encounters documentary featuring interviews cast crew involved film script excerpts close encounters collector edition released home video laserdisc version film edit original release elements special edition interior scenes felt remained mystery laserdisc edition includes new minute documentary making close encounters produced features interviews main cast notable crew members alternate versions film network syndicated television previous laserdisc version combined released material versions versions edited regards collector edition definitive version close encounters collector edition given limited release featuring select films celebrate columbia pictures 75th anniversary time version film shown theatrically close encounters released dvd june disc set contained collector edition second disc contained wealth extra features including minute making documentary trailers deleted scenes included things interiors special edition close encounters given second dvd release release blu ray disc november film 30th anniversary sets contain official versions film new interview talks film impact years release set includes trailers making documentary split discs dvd version single feature dvd release blu ray release remains disc addition features disc blu ray set included storyboard scene comparisons extensive photo gallery view editor fact track highlighting different scenes version movie single disc version released blu ray basically disc 30th anniversary edition contains versions film view feature legacy shortly film release late desired sequel prequel deciding explained army knowledge ensuing cover subterranean creative screen story making picture giving equal time deserves film nominated 50th academy_awards including best director supporting actress visual effects art direction joe daniel original music score film editing sound robert robert glass don gene film win cinematography academy honored film sound effects editing special achievement award frank warner 32nd british academy film awards close encounters won best production design nominated best film direction screenplay actor supporting role music cinematography editing sound close encounters lost hugo award best dramatic presentation star wars successful saturn awards film tied star wars direction music won best writing richard visual effects department received nominations close encounters nominated best science fiction film film received nominations 35th golden globe awards asked select single master image summed film career chose shot barry opening living room door orange light ufo beautiful awful light like fire coming doorway barry small large door lot promise danger outside door close encounters deemed culturally historically aesthetically significant united_states library congress added national film registry preservation american_film_institute polls close encounters voted greatest film time 31st heart pounding inspiring additionally film nominated science fiction films afi tenth anniversary edition movies list score john williams nominated afi years film scores alongside star wars superman close encounters led science fiction films donated society extraterrestrial james_bond film note sequence heard scientist punches combination electronic door lock south_park episode government scientist uses note sequence try open portal logging government scientist uses note sequence try central internet working potato sculpture parodied film film canadian bacon episode spaced episode x-files episode 70s episode simpsons issue mad magazine july stan hart encounters absurd kind saturday night live guest host film cone encounters kind featuring recurring characters short closet cases kind entire film condensed form muse communications melodies open popular live track titled knights abc aired primetime special best film greatest movies time counted best movies chosen fans based results poll conducted abc people close encounters kind selected best sci film album album title goes track titled closer features note sequence basis song opening main melodic motif note sequence devil tower sequence episode games tones runner cartoon house gave tricks king town dresses potato sculpture devil tower american_film_institute lists afi years movies afi years thrills afi years film scores nominated afi years cheers afi years movies 10th anniversary edition nominated afi nominated science fiction film


house film house japanese horror film directed produced film stars amateur actors having notable previous acting experience film traveling classmates ailing aunt country home come face face supernatural events girls home film company approached suggestion film like jaws influenced ideas daughter developed ideas script written script green lit film hold years director wanted direct promoted film time period studio allowed direct film box office hit japan received negative reviews critics house received wide release north_america received favorable reviews plot japan young girl nicknamed gorgeous plans summer vacation father italy scoring film music father returns home surprises gorgeous announcing new gorgeous mother died years earlier gorgeous goes bedroom writes letter aunt asking come visit summer instead gorgeous aunt replies allows come visit gorgeous invites friends melody mac sweet fantasy come arriving aunt house girls greeted gorgeous aunt present tour home girls leave mac later goes retrieve return fantasy goes retrieve finds mac head flies air bites fantasy escapes girls begin encounter supernatural traps house aunt disappears entering broken girls attacked possessed series items house gorgeous possessed aunt mirror sweet disappearing attacked attacks cause girls try escape house soon gorgeous walks door rest girls find locked girls try find aunt unlock door find mac severed hand melody begins play piano girl spirits girls hear gorgeous singing upstairs investigate melody fingers piano ultimately eats upstairs house find gorgeous wearing gown reveals aunt diary follows gorgeous leaves room find sweet body trapped grandfather clock panic driven remaining girls upper house fantasy read aunt diary interrupted giant sized head gorgeous gorgeous reveals aunt died years ago waiting fiancée return world war spirit remains eating unmarried girls arrive home girls attacked household items shouts attack aunt cat flying kick eaten possessed light fixture legs manage escape attack painting wall attacked portrait blood causing room flood tries read diary solve problem pulled blood monster fantasy sees gorgeous gown gorgeous appears aunt reflection blood fantasy morning arrives house finds gorgeous classic gorgeous tells friends wake soon hungry hands burns away cast gorgeous fantasy mac melody sweet father production development following success american film jaws proposition came film studio develop similar script find inspiration story discussed ideas pre teen daughter sought ideas believing adults think things understand stays boring human level children come things explained ideas included house reflection mirror attacking viewer pulled appearing like human head house eats girls themes suggested drew childhood fears fears included pile falling felt like monster attacking large loud clock grandparents home getting fingers caught piano keys shared story ideas screenwriter ideas reminded short story walter mare old woman visited puts trunk incorporated themes atomic bombings hiroshima nagasaki script born hiroshima lost childhood friends bombings applied themes plot element woman ghost waiting lover return world war woman bitterness war turns evil spirit girls unaffected bombings worked previously script titled assigned house process easy titled script house felt foreign title japanese film taboo pre production script house green lit shortly presented directors interested directing film felt end career proposed direct turned staff member house start filming years script completion allowed announce film green lit began promoting film passing business cards advertised film 1960s created short film titled emotion popular japanese universities event halls fans television commercial film work helped promote house production products based house released included manga novelization script radio drama soundtrack film created released film worked television commercials contributed piano pieces film soundtrack felt younger people contribute film soundtrack suggested band contribute songs based piano pieces majority cast house established actors people worked commercials independent films year waiting period start filming house created commercials began casting seven girls models commercials experienced members main cast friends filmed commercials working television theater time worried taking role older woman negative effect roles subsequently offered agreed play country music singer plays film cast friends shared hobby horseback riding roles filled members crew families example daughter plays little girl film production designer plays shoe maker filming recalled producer told tired losing money films ready let direct house script felt officially green lit film production success radio drama based house received special permission direct film despite member staff house filmed largest sets shot film storyboard period months described attitude set upbeat sang played games younger actresses set despite having fun set members crew felt film nonsense found acting seven girls poor trying direct verbally began playing film soundtrack set changed way girls acting film got spirit music actress uncomfortable nude scene film comfortable took clothes saw nude included nude scene film original script experience special effects work television commercials oversaw special effects film desired special effects look unrealistic child created scene character blood suspended nude pouring blue paint create blue screen key effect blue colored parts body deteriorate camera outcome lot effects unknown film completed stated effects turn originally envisioned release house released july japan originally released double feature romance film pure hearts mud expect house successful film great hit film specifically popular youth audience house shown united_states distribution rights bought films released eclipse line dvds eclipse originally conceived possible sub label cult films company soon began getting requests theatrical screenings film initiated small tour theatrical including sold shows new_york asian film festival january house began shown theatrically north_america house released masters cinema label united_kingdom dvd bonus features disc included interviews cast crew theatrical trailer house released criterion collection dvd blu ray disc october bonus features disc included making feature interviews crew short film emotion appreciation video featuring director west reception film receive reviews japan initial release general reception japanese critics review film negative won blue ribbon award best new director house house theatrical screenings north_america film began receive generally favorable reviews house new_york_times critics pick stating created true fever dream film young female imagination daughter gorgeous yields memorable results seattle times gave house stars stating film lacks technical makes playful cheesy effects stylized set pieces slant_magazine gave film stars calling equal parts brilliant ridiculous new_york_post gave film half stars praising film originality comparing work directors guy included house list haunted house films worth discussing calling infectious blood bath cinematic history japanese film magazine placed house number list japanese films austin chronicle gave house mixed review saying surprisingly little recommend house film experience story village_voice gave film mixed review saying contemporary japanese pop culture makes nonsense house look comparison plays like hybrid rocky horror corridors moment moment kind movie boston_globe gave film stars opining films sam peter jackson attempted similar styled films better success


star trek god thing star trek god thing film script written star trek series creator gene following success star trek broadcast syndication early 1970s paramount studios sought produce feature film based property film plot follows enterprise crew events original series alien entity declares god begins travel earth admiral james reunites crew send dimension completed story june paramount rejected script reasons attributed religious views company executives story rewritten image proposed television series star trek phase star trek motion picture paramount rejected film sought produce god thing novel late 1970s signed deal books publish given extensions work phase motion picture period star trek actor walter helped expand novel shortly death assistant susan rediscovered work novel contacted pocket books wanted publish discussions hire fred expand novel length held negotiations stopped death dismissal star trek generation michael jan later engaged expand work went unpublished god thing compared film star trek final frontier dealt similar religious concepts background nbc canceled star trek following season episodes released broadcast syndication successful success fans responses science fiction conventions held honor series paramount_pictures soon sought create movie based series march series creator gene said interest star trek feature film series return television nbc plot year mission star trek finished crew moved starship enterprise captain james promoted admiral doctor left starfleet crew members given desk jobs engineer montgomery scott alcoholic returned home planet vulcan seeking control human half persona alien entity declaring god destroys spacecraft route earth enterprise launched command admiral engage vessel crew including sets intercept alien approach entity transports probe board enterprise takes variety forms including jesus crew determine craft alternate dimension responsible creation religion numerous planets teach inhabitants laws manner points development crew repair send dimension production entered development deal paramount principal photography intended start july budget million started work treatments involved formation enterprise crew including training starfleet academy formation starfleet idea submitted paramount major submitted script god thing scene involving discussion describe religion earth worried studio tutor says understood earth legend gods particularly gods said bow seven days worship like insecure gods completed script june paramount rejected following month studio unhappy rejected scripts robert chris dick blamed religious paramount executives including barry turning god thing story writer jon summarized god spaceship production start date film postponed paramount brought new staff jerry hired executive producer hired writers british writers scott september begin work new treatment known star trek planet failed planned star trek television series star trek phase god thing pilot episode series image canceled story redeveloped film star trek motion picture novelization following rejection script planned convert treatment novel assistant susan showed manuscript novel actor walter asked type sought collaboration god thing produced pages working month handed added months received changes enthusiastically weeks later informed project abandoned autobiography factors stated copies work completed book january issue said sure novel complete confirmed discuss meaning god march novel said half completed publisher books told wait finished production phase resume work novel later production turned motion picture gave extension novelization thought time effort discovered partly completed manuscript researched documents book inside trek prompted suggest sending pocket books held rights star trek novels time despite prior agreement enthusiastic idea editor david stern pocket books interested wanted know fellow writer fred able expand complete contract negotiations work began april time version electronic versions available type existing print faint places writers dealing lawyer discussions lasted months days death october informed work novel continue said linked dismissal star trek generation television series following death pocket books brought michael jan finish work published reception legacy god thing remains known star trek fans comparisons works particular film star trek final frontier opposed plot final frontier wanting film overall canon franchise themes interaction religion god appeared franchise edward gross described rejection final frontier ironic similarity film god thing book jewish themes star trek compared plots saying different approaches said wanted god existence god thing william directed final frontier sought god seriously partly novelization final frontier original version scene manner religious expression final showdown god like figure scene simplified film


incredible melting man incredible melting man american science fiction horror film astronaut body begins melt exposed radiation space flight saturn driving commit murders consume human flesh survive written directed william scenes added post production producers participation film starred alex main character alongside scientist trying help united_states_air_force general seeking capture writing shooting influenced night living dead changes producers final film described remake man space turn directly influenced hadn seen films screenplay originally intended parody horror films comedic scenes edited production new horror scenes added claims producers decided shooting straight horror film financially successful film suffered result incredible melting man produced american international pictures handled theatrical distribution film includes science fiction horror films 1950s makeup artist baker provided makeup effects film originally created distinct stages makeup design main character appear gradually melt stages ultimately cut final film film commercially successful received largely negative reviews critical reviews complimented baker effects according director scenes shot changed producers problematic inferior acting incredible melting man featured comedy came hollywood inspired makeup effects scene science fiction action film featured season episode comedy television series mystery science theater plot space flight saturn exposed blast radiation kills seriously steve west shown unconscious hospital earth covering face physician wilson explain happening west survived blast doctor leaves west awakens horrified find flesh face hands melting away attacks kills nurse inch escapes hospital panic nelson scientist friend west discover nurse corpse radiation realize west body radioactive nelson believes west gone insane concludes consume human flesh order slow melting nelson calls general michael perry united_states_air_force officer familiar west accident general agrees help nelson find west attacks kills fisherman wood encounters little girl escapes unharmed nelson tracks west following radiation trail counter finds detached ear stuck tree branch perry arrives plane picked nelson shortly visit crime scene fisherman body found sheriff blake michael suspects nelson knows nelson tells sheriff perry earlier told information west classified later night nelson returns home pregnant wife ann tells elderly mother helen love helen boyfriend max coming dinner way helen attacked west car kills blake finds bodies calls nelson comes identify blake angrily demands explanation nelson reluctantly reveals west condition nelson believes west getting stronger body nelson house west attacks kills perry harmed nelson blake arrive west escapes west home married couple played west kills man attacks wife drives away arm kitchen knife blake receives attack takes nelson investigate follow west giant power plant flights outside blake tries shoot west shotgun stop west throws sheriff power lines killing west hits nelson knocks leaving doctor hanging nelson appeals west reminding friends west decides pull nelson safety armed security guards arrive panic fatally shoot nelson tries protect west infuriated west kills security guards away collapsing building slowly completely away morning finds remains garbage film ends radio news report astronaut team sent saturn production writing incredible melting man written directed filmmaker william idea film came mother working office spray paint company showed stuff basis spray paint jokingly suggested film featuring material writing influenced night living dead wanted film 1950s horror film feeling final film structure changed producers post production described sources including film magazine cinefantastique book cult science fiction films remake man space film astronaut monster accident space science fiction film historian gene wright suggested final film heavily influenced british horror film astronaut begins alien organism seen films original screenplay different structure wrote incredible melting man originally parody horror films according michael adams film reviewer interviewed film mixes horror comedic moments steve west detached ear gets stuck tree sweeps west melted body garbage end film adams claims explains comedic lines dialogue inconsistent rest film including moment homeless men notice melting west think got trouble look original version film opened wide angle shot nurse running hallway wouldn slow motion unlike final film producers played slowed later viewers gradually learned background melting man scenes showing space lead character hospital shot post production influence director criticized acting scenes film logical problems final film shot scenes fully explained west spacecraft returned earth saturn west seriously injured members crew killed author cult science fiction films pointed movie science fiction horror films 1950s title reference jack arnold film incredible man final scene radio report trip saturn accident occur common device 1950s horror films difference noted 1950s films government cover ups secret ascribed good general public incredible melting man like late 1970s films genre suggested variety described script addition horror elements human story attempting leave moral message society horrible creature chasing destructive casting alex starred steve west handful film appearances acting career played nelson general michael perry portrayed notes cast villain 1950s science fiction films film director played small role matt winters west victims smith best known appearances movies exploitation films appeared incredible melting man model finds west victims trying avoid photographer seeking explicit photos filming producer max best known horror supernatural films provided financing incredible melting man samuel film producer american international pictures served production company distributor according producers decided shooting straight horror film financially successful parody comedic scenes edited new horror scenes shot added film said felt film taken away suffered result producers tried comedy horror film failing said decision horror movie end monster garbage makeup artist baker provided special makeup effects incredible melting man included gradual melting steve west wore facial simulated melting flesh hands feet fitted liquid substances dropped walked creating appearance west body falling apart scene murdered fisherman severed head falls rocks create effect baker head wax skull fake blood inside burst impact baker created distinct stages design west appear gradually melt time passed film went separate stages editing stages ultimately eliminated final cut character looks generally film richard author world fantasy films said actor extensive sessions required effects wear facial baker designed said additional factor lack effect stages final film way shot film include scenes west sustained radiation poisoning caused body melt scenes shot later producers participation harry worked special effects baker curtis worked film cinematographer scenes included photography errors including light shines kitchen window outside supposed nighttime provided art direction musical score composed london orchestra conductor post production producers decided change film horror film filmed numerous scenes purpose participation director scenes entire prologue space west waking hospital scenes face seen additionally film extensively edited producers criticized acting shot scenes change tone bring film editing producers release distribution distribution incredible melting man handled american international pictures involvement film producer distributor specialized primarily movies low budget horror films trailer released film attempted build tension revealing monster right away instead showed portions scene immediately nurse murdered runs hallway screaming crashes glass window trying escape west shown end trailer advertisements monster film described new horror creature promotional gimmick candles sold advertise film poster film included statement baker new master special effects brought magic gave wonder king brings greatest creation incredible melting man baker assisted effects dick smith artist primarily worked film baker director william angry poster seeing associate wall tore ripped pieces baker know poster advance horrified publicity campaign publicly apologized claiming dick wanted help went work dummy head turns degrees didn creative labor reception incredible melting man singular theatrical experience truly lives title originally intended homage great atomic age fifties william clever satire original distributor cash horror incredible melting man largely negative reviews ranked list films internet movie database favorable reviews new_york_post attested simple mastery medium tom new_york_times described poorly written directed calling poor summer films released fill need drive operators cheap screen kids cars ignore laugh globe_and_mail writer robert martin praised baker effects said director efficient job building tension martin strongly criticized script acting claiming logic character favor suspense horror said film positive elements strong john strongly condemned film thin characters declared worse horror film hands fate widely considered worst films film professor meadows school arts wrote book horror films said little recommend incredible melting man baker effects richard novelist wrote science fiction films called film dull movie didn sage examination outer space diseases exciting complimented baker visual effects said work undermined poor filming actor effects review book motion picture guide said film tries balance horror morality ends best review described special effects right nearly film pretends review written shortly film released variety wrote film succeeds telling story sustaining audience interest script included human story moral message society review called dialogue described scenes technically incorrect said film disappointed lingering ordinary characters monster gene wright wrote book science fiction films said film attempts blend awesome horror resist going gut gore blockbuster inc guide movies videos gave film stars described contrived baker gross makeup undeniably effective encyclopedia science fiction movies hardy described better average film said director william injected sense humor hardy said central concept inspired laughter terror called special effects routine reviews positive author cult science fiction films compared relationship west nelson victor monster mary novel wrote kind movie come expect nasty lots fun john belleville said enjoyed camp style film adding sad brain damaged fiercely determined little drive garnered tiny cult following years critique review news said films like incredible melting man good scary looking raise flesh sufficient money worth matt creator cartoon network series teen hunger force said film inspired start making films adding watched incredible melting man knew horror movies going big religion life movie director tim said partially inspired enter business watching trailer incredible melting man age said young movie trailer got imagination home release incredible melting man released vhs video pictures library unlike vhs releases digitally remastered september incredible melting man released vhs movies line movies exploitation films released home video metro mayer currently unavailable dvd region released region february addition home video dvd releases incredible melting man featured film festivals including visions film festival theatre sydney australia chicago movie festival colorado movie marathon durham north_carolina scream factory released film blu ray cultural references film appeared came hollywood comedy film featuring compilation clips movies 1930s 1970s shown scripted segments performed baker effects incredible melting man inspired effects scene science fiction action film scene paul attempts drive road instead accidentally drives toxic waste causing flesh melt face hands effects conceived designed special effects artist rob inspired baker work incredible melting man dubbed effects melting man homage production incredible melting man featured seventh season episode mystery science theater film appeared fourth episode seventh season broadcast comedy central february michael nelson head writer spoke film describing press plot plot guy melting plot


superman film superman informally titled superman movie listings reference sources superhero film directed richard based comics character stars gene christopher ford cooper howard stamp film depicts superman origin including infancy youthful years rural town disguised reporter clark kent adopts mild disposition metropolis develops romance lane battling villainous directors notably guy hamilton mario david newman robert associated project hired direct tom drafted rewrite script given creative consultant credit decided film superman superman simultaneously principal photography beginning march ending october tensions arose producers decision stop filming sequel percent completed finish film expensive film point budget million superman released december critical acclaim financial success earning million original theatrical run reviewers particularly praised performance nominated academy_awards including best film editing best music original score best sound mixing received special achievement academy_award visual effects groundbreaking use special effects science fiction fantasy storytelling film legacy mainstream popularity hollywood superhero film franchises plot planet evidence provided scientist council sentences attempted general non phantom zone revenge family despite unable convince council soon destroyed red sun goes save infant son launches spacecraft containing earth planet suitable atmosphere dense molecular structure powers shortly launch sun explodes destroying planet ship crash lands earth near kansas years old found martha kent able lift truck farm raise naming clark martha maiden soon death heart attack clark hears psychic discovers glowing crystal remains spacecraft travel arctic crystal builds fortress inside vision appears explains clark origins powers responsibilities years training powers fully developed leaves fortress wearing blue suit house family crest chest reporter daily planet metropolis meets develops romantic attraction lane involved helicopter accident conventional means rescue impossible requiring clark use powers public time save night jewel thief attempting scale building cups captures fleeing police rescues girl cat tree rescues air_force loses engine making mysterious wonder instant celebrity visits home night takes flight city allowing interview article names superman criminal genius developed plan fortune real estate buying large amounts barren desert land nuclear missile test flight san fault sink california leave desert new west_coast united_states greatly increasing value incompetent erroneously rocket girlfriend eve successfully changes course second missile military distracted arranges knowing superman stop plan underground superman revealing missile headed east new_jersey realizing superman stop impacts horrified mother lives care leaves superman slow death knowing reputation keeping word rescues superman condition deal new_jersey missile eastbound missile outer space aimed west_coast explodes near san fault able effects nuclear explosion getting rid pollution fallout earth devastating superman busy saving car falls opens quickly fills dirt debris death angered unable save superman ignores warning interfere human history preferring advice earth reason earth time order save delivers prison flies sunrise adventures cast superman biological father theory planet exploding council refuses listen dies planet explodes successfully sends infant son earth means help innocent sued warner million felt cheated share box office profits stopped footage richard version superman gene scientific genius businessman superman nemesis discovers superman weakness plan puts millions people danger christopher clark kent superman born raised earth immense power strength realizing destiny serve mankind uses powers protect save means protect identity works metropolis daily planet mild newspaper reporter clark kent changes clothes red blue red suit shield chest known dubbing superman picked actors auditioned role cooper perry white clark kent hot tempered boss daily planet assigns uncover news unknown businessman purchasing large property california originally cast dropped shortly filming heart disease cooper originally auditioned subsequently cast ford kent clark kent adoptive father youth farmer teaches clark skills help future later suffers fatal heart attack changes clark outlook duty howard elder head council believe claim doomed threatens attempt create climate fear panic populace deemed act insurrection lane reporter daily planet romantic interest clark kent producers director specific concept liberated hard witty attractive cast performance certain spark strong interaction christopher actresses considered role suggested anne archer susan ann warren screen tested march final decision winning role jack non large mute villains sentenced isolated phantom zone eve girlfriend accomplice cynical increasing disturbed cruelty saves superman life learning launched nuclear missile mother hometown new_jersey shows romantic interest superman implied fixing hair makes presence known kissing saves life maria like scientist theories stamp general evil leader criminals vengeance sentenced phantom zone martha kent née clark clark kent faithful adoptive mother woman adoptive son fiercely devoted husband son emotional support clark devastated death producer mother law york superman biological mother learning fate sending infant son strange planet jeff east teenage clark kent teenager forced hide abilities making unpopular classmates frustrating efforts gain attention classmate following death adoptive father travels arctic discover heritage east dialogue film dubbed christopher jimmy teenage photographer daily planet jeff east portrayed teenage clark kent originally auditioned role following portrayal teen clark sarah douglas general second command consort sentenced phantom zone scientific experiments harry second elder council member urges reasonable plans save cameo appearances lane father mother portrayed superman lane film superman man superman actors portray characters onscreen live action format reprised role 1950s adventures superman series appeared elderly wife opening scene film superman returns originated roles ellen lane began tradition actresses later portraying ellen tradition followed clark new adventures superman larry reed cameos plays army major charge convoy transporting missiles reed plays meets clark outside daily planet headquarters unknown john briefly appears missile control technician production development conceived idea superman film late november long difficult process comics superman film rights purchased father alexander partner wanted list actors considered superman approved producer choices muhammad ali james steve filmmakers felt best film superman superman simultaneously negative deal warner william approached write screenplay considered hired alfred began writing film treatment alexander felt famous hired mario godfather write screenplay salary francis ford william richard peter john sam negotiations direct dropped produced gun meeting george lucas turned offer commitment star wars wanted hire steven_spielberg direct alexander skeptical feeling best wait big fish opens jaws successful prompting producers offer position committed close encounters kind guy hamilton hired director delivered page script superman superman july appeared general clark kent written television reporter previously considered superman turned early signed salary million box office gross profits totaling million horrified proposing meeting appear green voice persuade actor portray hoped use salary proposed roots style miniseries native americans united_states contract complete scenes days refused dialogue cue cards compiled set fellow oscar winner cast days later filmmakers priority shoot footage committed films immediately felt written solid story film deemed scripts long hired robert david newman rewrite work busy directing late david wife brought help husband finish writing duties george later hired work script says little script submitted july carried camp tone including cameo appearance character scripts superman superman pages combined pre production started studios rome sets starting construction flying tests unsuccessfully experimented italy producer remembered lost million flying tests found film italy warrant arrest sexual charge paris production moved england late hamilton join tax exile mark strongly considered talks direct seeing producers hired richard previously planning hired january million direct superman superman felt best start scratch prepared picture year bit useful dissatisfied script brought tom perform rewrite according word script written ridiculous script pages said shoot screenplay shooting years continued literally shooting script planned shoot pages know pages plenty script features way conceived having family wear crest resembling different letter superman costume writers guild america refused credit gave creative consultant credit annoyance guild casting superman initially decided sign list actor superman richard hired director robert offered large sum felt famous turned role interested came paul newman offered choice roles superman million turning roles decided cast unknown actor casting director suggested christopher producers felt young unknown actors auditioned superman olympic champion bruce auditioned title role patrick wayne cast dropped father john wayne diagnosed stomach cancer diamond arnold lobbied hard role ignored james james christopher nick jon perry king approached charles considered title role james said offered turned couldn wear suit found guys fabulous physique couldn act wonderful actors look remotely like superman creative consultant tom remembered search desperate producer wife screen tested convinced screen test february stunned director producers told wear muscle suit produce desired muscular physique refused undertaking strict physical exercise regime headed david wanted portray superman denied audition filmmakers american auditioned non went pounds pre production filming paid mere superman superman veteran stars received huge sums money million million superman felt superman brought opportunities closing door face jeff east portrays teenage clark kent east voice overdubbed happy producers told mind east commented permission turned okay chris good job caused tension resolved issues years later east tore thigh muscles performing stunt racing alongside train applied hours prosthetic makeup daily resemble filming principal photography began march studios scenes expensive film point superman shot simultaneously superman filming lasted months october filming originally scheduled seven months problems arose production john barry served production designer stuart norman worked art directors les credited visual effects stuart artist barry david john david lane robert uncredited peter directed second unit scenes armstrong hired stunt coordinator stunt double wife double superman final complete film cinematographer died post production working director roman fortress constructed studios stage viewing footage warner decided distribute north_america foreign countries complications problems filming warner supplied million acquired television rights new_york_city doubled metropolis new_york_daily_news building served location offices daily planet brooklyn heights filming new_york lasted weeks time new_york_city production moved alberta scenes set cemetery scene filmed canyon alberta high school football scenes barons alberta kent farm constructed alberta brief filming took place new_mexico lake grand central terminal director tensions concerning escalating production budget shooting schedule creative consultant tom reflected got budget schedule constantly told way schedule budget point said don schedule film days months richard worked brought temporary producer relationship refusing talk relationship remarked time seen killed offered producing credit refused going uncredited work felt bringing second director set meant ready event fulfill directing duties time meant admitted couldn mind stuff reflected money gotten won lot lawsuits time sued country costa_rica panama switzerland hired told don don work told telling probably end telling guy came didn trust told said believe paying money owe lawsuit come set ask help way decided stop shooting superman focus finishing superman completed sequel filmmakers took risk superman box office bomb finish superman original climax superman general non destroying planet superman time traveling fix damage original ending superman nuclear missile superman pushed outer space happens strike phantom zone freeing final shot originally going general non flying earth ominous sequel hook moment sequence seen entirety beginning edit superman fully restored commented decided superman success going sequel ain success cliffhanger ain gon bring superman effects superman known large scale visual effects sequences created digital age golden gate bridge scale model stood feet long feet wide included council dome dam slow motion simulate vast water dam destruction fortress combination scale set paintings young clark kent long distance football punt executed wooden football loaded air placed ground superman costume darker blue use blue screen transparent test flying sequences involved simply crash test dummy cannon technique remote control cast superman flying discarded lack movement high quality realistic looking animation tried speed trails added effect convincing detailed superman movie dvd special effects documentary magic cape presented optical effects supervisor roy field end techniques achieve flying effects landings offs wire flying devised location suspended tower cranes studio elaborate suspended studio ceilings wire flying work considering computer controlled available penultimate shot superman flies prison yard example work suspended high air typically achieve flying movement electronic devices thin wires suspend typically removed film post production techniques wasn necessary shots certain lighting conditions superman distant frame wires stationary shots superman seen flying away camera blue screen techniques photographed suspended blue screen special device cape illusion movement actor remain stationary save banking body instead camera use mixture long ins outs outs cause larger smaller frame blue background removed isolated image inserted area background plate shot ins outs appearance flying away contents background plate lighting color image background plate occasional presence black lines area image case superman exactly match slightly impression movement achieved use lenses characteristic shots shot tracking superman flies superman metropolis flying sequence projection involved actors suspended background image projected special screen reflect light times original intensity directly combined camera result clear intense photographic reproduction actors background plate far image deterioration lighting problems occur rear projection technique developed combined projection effect specially designed lenses illusion movement created making projected image appear scenes superman people objects flight actors variety rigging equipment careful lighting photography led creation system highly reflective costumes worn material projection screens result accident superman flying tests noticed material lit explained tore material tiny pieces costumes designing projection effect camera little light camera project mirror bounce lens hit costume millions little glass heads light bring image camera music jerry scored originally set compose superman portions work superman teaser trailer dropped scheduling conflicts john williams hired williams conducted london symphony orchestra record soundtrack music pieces come place williams liked film seriously theatrical camp feel supposed sing read mind lyrics written disliked changed composition accompanied eventually recorded single read mind song appear film soundtrack mid chart hit billboard hot year spending weeks number adult contemporary chart making lesser appearances corresponding canadian charts minor hit country chart reaching score earned john williams academy_award nomination lost score midnight express complete album previously unreleased selection contains previously unreleased material themes superman divided basic sections having distinct theme visual style segment set meant typical science fiction films lays analogy emerges relationship second segment set reminiscent 1950s films small town atmosphere meant evoke norman painting largest segment set metropolis attempt present superhero story realism possible called relying traditional cinematic drama subtle humor instead approach acts status superman enhanced events recall hero journey described joseph campbell act cycle journey journey earth act fortress second act metropolis world act noted examples apparent christian symbolism tom commented use christian references discuss themes superman deliberately fostered god jesus somewhat skeptical actions got death threats concepts items imagery biblical comparisons casts general parallel casting heaven spacecraft brings earth form star star comes martha kent unable children martha kent states years prayed prayed good lord fit child compared virgin mary little known jesus middle years clark travels wilderness find says live discover strength power needed hold heart pride special heritage great people wish lack light way reason capacity good sent son theme resembles biblical account god sending son jesus earth hope good mankind seen able complete superman richard cut featuring fall resurrection battle evil vision creation adam christian imagery films provoked comment jewish origins superman book jewish history culture values shaped comic book superhero says superman pillar society cape saying jewish stereotype woody allen ironically films clark kent persona greatest resemblance woody allen conscious model grant character bringing baby theme pursued 1940s generally disguised clark kent jews comics creation superhero scene lane interviews superman balcony superman replies lie felt important point film superman living secret identity clark kent telling biggest lie time romance leads orders avoid altering human history time traveling save dying superman instead takes advice kent father earth release superman originally scheduled released june 40th anniversary action comics introduced superman problems filming pushed film months editor stuart reflected filming finished october miracle film released months later big films today tend months wished months perfected lot things point got turn picture warner spent million market promote film superman premiered theater washington december director richard cast members attendance days later december european royal charity premiere empire leicester square london presence queen elizabeth_ii prince andrew went gross million north_america million internationally totaling million worldwide superman second highest grossing film sixth highest grossing film time theatrical run warner successful film time critical reception based reviews collected rotten_tomatoes reviewers enjoyed superman consensus superman blends humor taking advantage perfectly cast craft loving nostalgic tribute american pop culture icon comparison metacritic collected average score resulting universal acclaim based reviews film widely regarded films superman creators jerry joe gave positive reaction delighted superman screen got chris right touch humor superman roger_ebert gave positive review superman pure delight combination old fashioned things tired adventure romance heroes villains special effects wit perfectly cast role poor choice ruined film placed film best list later place great movies list james believed doubt flawed movie wonderfully entertaining flawed movies 1970s exactly comic book fans hoped message end credits announcing impending arrival superman harry longtime fan film critical elements represent superman stories seen comics dave felt tone style point view change shot shot definitive corporate film best takes seriously worst takes easy way camp enters action plays arch villain like left similarly felt film focused shallow comedy argued film adhered spirit mario original script referred superman films collectively simply episodes theatrical release prepared hour plus version worldwide television minutes footage music deleted theatrical cut specially prepared networks stations edit version discretion american broadcasting company aired broadcast television debut superman majority unused footage syndicated version film aired local television stations los_angeles washington 1990s included additional scenes seen addition previously reinstated michael warner home video started working film restoration extra footage added poor visual effects felt pace film storyline adversely affected included timing problems john william musical score cut movie shown movie longer shown abc paid minute air movie special edition cut designed best viewing experience true spirit movie making special test screening special edition austin texas march plans possible wider theatrical release later year occur warner home video released special edition dvd director assisted working slightly year project release included making documentaries directed minutes restored footage explained worked met tom hear wonderful stories cutting room tom stuart tell superman kind got ideas plots taking flight making superman commented shots superman costume looked green went cleaned bringing color wanted film shorter wanted damn flying sequence reciting poem read mind flying wanted generic action like minute car chase protested stuff stayed followed box set release month containing bare bones editions superman superman iii superman quest peace november disc special edition released followed dvd release blu ray available films disc christopher superman collection disc superman ultimate collector edition broadcast television version details rights superman film reverted intention prepare television cut longer released theatrically aforementioned reasons called international extended cut ended running hours minutes shown internationally television cut later domestic versions derived network american television broadcast took place sunday february monday february abc principal sponsor time abc contract alexander television rights films abc minute cut superman broadcast course nights night premiered film stopped lane falling helicopter picture creating cliffhanger type ending evening naturally film continued expanded version repeated november year time shown night abc original theatrical version apparently contract abc able money minute footage shown result footage possible networks order maximize revenues production film alexander relegated having sell rights warner exchange financial help director richard consulted extended versions clause contract remains credits previously mentioned minutes footage reinstated initial abc film highlighted moments subplot security officer sent council hunt capture beginning scene shown director cut restoration getting killed version superman trying underground hideout subjected machine gun fire giant blow torch frozen ice tiny fraction footage theatrical version superman directed richard scene superman powers stripped away chamber fortress plays piano scenes drop eve lions den end singing beautiful baby superman saves end flies seen rescuing eve lions den previously dropped notes hear way miss mother sends love reference little girl sees teenage clark kent running faster train revealed lane fact revealed parents talk revelation scene present shorter theatrical release abc version young lane father seen train abc version walk street longer nearly john williams score restored theatrical cut noticeable removal occurred recording rock clock bill heard original film minutes death ford character replaced generic piece instrumental music abc cut rights reverted warner cbs aired film time network television theatrical version movie entered syndication market following play run pay cable stations offered extended cut theatrical cut stations showed extended cut edited second half squeeze commercials happened yesterday flashbacks following pay cable reissue run usa network warner offered aforementioned international extended cut hour minute version prepared abc version derived shown los_angeles version surfaced outside los_angeles example channel abc affiliate washington aired international extended cut july aired breaking minutes news aired extended version broadcast united_kingdom showing theatrical version television appeared january itv ireland television aired extended versions superman superman night films ran roughly including odd commercial break news quality extended network version inferior theatrical current home video release mastered film chain system sound mix time extended cut prepared stereo available television broadcasts minutes extended scenes later director cut restoration taken restored elements extended versions broadcast countries pan scan 1980s films preserve theatrical aspect ratio old extended versions available officially home video dvd widely legacy superman nominated academy_awards best film editing stuart best music original score john williams best sound mixing gordon graham roy received special achievement academy_award visual effects publicly expressed disgust production designer john barry cinematographer recognized academy superman successful 32nd british academy film awards won best newcomer barry sound designers earned nominations film won hugo award best dramatic presentation saturn awards barry john williams visual effects department received awards film won best science fiction film costume designer blake nominated work addition williams nominated 36th golden globe awards won grammy award best score soundtrack visual media visual effects society listed superman 44th influential use visual effects time empire magazine named greatest film time list film received recognition american_film_institute superman selected 26th greatest film hero time film considered afi years cheers list past ballot entertainment_weekly ranked superman 3rd list time heroes pop culture film success immediately decided finish superman alexander ask return criticized film publicity phase commented january work terms long producer liaison alexander money fine don want terms need find director sure shit ain gon portrayed lane dissatisfied producers decision criticized publicity result given cameo appearance superman iii main supporting role jack portrayed non stated great work richard big films superman iii superman quest peace produced superman returns released director singer credited superman influence superman returns restored footage superman richard cut released film final sequence features superman flying high earth sunrise breaking fourth wall smile briefly camera featured end superman film starring shot superman returns series man steel superman went production prior releases star wars close encounters kind november observers credit films collectively launching large market science fiction films 1980s certainly view superman producer interviewed film production assistant observers film history tend credit resurgence science fiction films simply lucas productions superman new cycle films launched denies connection superman began filming march films stating know star wars star wars know superman close encounters know superman completely independent knew anybody superman established superhero film genre viable outside production low budget saturday director christopher cited richard vision scope superman pitching concept batman begins warner movie inspired song wish fly like superman band main songwriter ray davies watched film late american_film_institute lists afi years heroes villains superman hero nominated villain afi years songs read mind nominated afi years movie quotes fight truth justice american way nominated afi years film scores nominated afi years cheers nominated afi nominated fantasy film son comic book story arc debuted action comics written superman director richard comic book continuity elements superman originated film incorporated regular continuity comics universe based technology planet superman logo originates family crest non characters created specifically film imprisoned phantom zone general computer generated survives fortress advise adult son clark kent public superhero career adult superman teenage lane meets superman rescues falls disabled helicopter metropolis names hero superman kent dies heart attack martha survives widow excellent reporter frequently words located state kansas


texas chain saw massacre texas chain saw massacre american horror film directed produced kim stars burns paul jim respectively portray franklin proprietor main antagonist film follows group friends fall victim family way visit old homestead marketed true story attract wider audience subtle commentary era political climate plot entirely fictional character minor plot details inspired crimes real life murderer produced film cast relatively unknown actors drawn mainly central texas film shot limited budget forced film long hours seven days week finish quickly possible reduce equipment rental costs film violent content struggled find distributor louis pictures eventually purchased distribution rights limited quantity onscreen gore hopes securing rating motion picture association america rated film faced similar difficulties internationally october release texas chain saw massacre banned outright countries numerous theaters later stopped showing film response complaints violence initially drew mixed reception critics enormously profitable grossing million domestic box office received positive gained reputation best horror films cinema history credited originating elements common genre including use power tools murder weapons characterization killer large figure popularity film led franchise continued story family sequels remakes prequel comic books video games plot burns brother franklin paul travel friends jerry allen william pam visit grave grandfather investigate reports vandalism grave decide visit old family homestead way pick talks family worked old franklin pocket knife cuts takes picture demands money refuse pay burns photo franklin arm straight razor group forces van drive stop gas station refuel proprietor jim tells pumps continue homestead intending return gas station received fuel delivery arrive franklin tells pam local swimming hole couple head find find swimming hole dried hear generator running distance nearby house calls asking gas pam waits swing yard receives answer enters unlocked door appears kills hammer pam enters soon trips room filled furniture human bones attempts flee catches making watch jerry heads look pam sunset finds couple blanket outside nearby house investigates finds pam alive inside react kills pam darkness falling franklin set find friends near neighboring house darkness kills franklin runs house finds remains elderly couple upstairs room escapes jumping second floor window flees gas station disappears night proprietor offers help ties gags forces truck drives house arriving time revealed brother pair bring inside recognizes men bound dressed woman serves dinner bring john bodies seen earlier upstairs revealed alive blood cut finger night decide best killer old kill tries hit hammer weak ensuing confusion breaks free leaps window escapes road chase run killed passing semi trailer truck armed attacks truck driver stops help driver hits face pipe escapes passing truck dances road production development concept texas chain saw massacre arose early 1970s working assistant film director university texas austin documentary developed story involving elements isolation woods darkness credited graphic coverage violence san_antonio news outlets inspiration film based elements plot serial killer 1950s wisconsin inspired horror films silence development working titles cited changes cultural political landscape central influences film intentional film true response lied government things going world including oil crisis atrocities vietnam war lack brutality things noticed watching local news graphic coverage showing brains road led belief man real monster wearing different face literal mask monster film idea murder weapon came hardware section busy store contemplating speed way crowd kim screenplay formed vortex president vice president asked bill friend provide funding formed company named invested production return owned percent film profits production manager ron told cast crew salaries sold distributor vortex idea attractive awarding share potential profits ranging percent similar mortgage points cast crew informed vortex owned percent meant points worth half assumed value casting cast members time relatively unknown actors played roles commercials television stage shows performers knew personally allen jim involvement film propelled motion picture industry lead role given burns appeared previously stage served film commission board austin studying student worked local theater companies including dallas theater center called come reading spotted picture austin american statesman requested wear short shorts proved comfortable cast members costumes american actor selected role regarded mentally having learned speak properly research character preparation role visited special needs school watched students moved spoke john briefly served narrator opening credits filming primary filming location early 1900s farmhouse located quick hill road near round rock texas development located small budget concerns high cost equipment meant crew filmed seven days week hours day environment humid cast crew found conditions tough temperatures peaked july later recalled degrees day filming wouldn wash costume worried laundry lose change color didn money second costume wore mask hours day seven days week month texas chain saw massacre mainly shot npr camera fine grain low speed film required times light modern digital cameras filming took place farmhouse filled furniture constructed animal bones latex material appearance human skin house cooled little ventilation crew covered walls drops animal blood obtained local art director robert burns drove countryside collected remains cattle animals stages floors house special effects simple limited budget screen blood real cases scene feeds crew difficulty getting stage blood come tube instead burns index finger cut razor burns costume stage blood virtually solid day shooting scene worried actor william telling stay killed brought running inches face real hammer climatic scene end takes mock actor playing aiming floor victims head shoot somewhat dangerous noting wrap party cast members obtained level injury stated hated end production took years kind cool post production production exceeded original budget editing sources differ film final cost offering figures film production group pie sky provided exchange percent vortex left rest cast crew percent stake warren head texas film commission helped secure distribution deal pictures david foster producer horror film thing arranged private screening pictures west_coast executives received percent vortex profits deferred fee august louis agreed distribute film worldwide receive percent profits years later stated deal devil guess way got deserved signed contract investors money interest lawyers paid left divided cast crew members eventually producers sued failing pay percentage box office profits court judgment instructed pay filmmakers company declared bankruptcy new line cinema acquired distribution rights gave producers larger share profits release texas chain saw massacre premiered october austin texas year filming concluded screened nationally united_states saturday afternoon false marketing true story helped attract broad audience years annually reissued run theaters promoted page ads film eventually grossed million united_states canada million making 12th highest grossing film initially released despite budget independent films overtaken john carpenter halloween grossed million reportedly hoped motion picture association america complete uncut release print rating minimal visible gore instead originally rated minutes cut received rating distributor apparently restored material theater presented version san_francisco cinema walked theaters disgust february theaters ottawa canada advised local police withdraw film face morality charges initial british release including year theatrical run london texas chain saw massacre initially banned advice british board film classification secretary stephen murphy subsequently successor james british ban force word barred movie titles forcing films despite ban london borough council granted film license following year passed texas chain saw massacre release certificate indicating seen purchased person broadcast year later channel_4 australian classification board refused classify minute version film june board similarly refused classification minute print december year minute version submitted greater union organization film distributors refused registration later submitted australia approved rating banned periods countries including brazil chile finland france iceland ireland norway singapore sweden west_germany reception critical response texas chain saw massacre received mixed reaction initial release gross los_angeles_times called described concerned creating realistic atmosphere plastic script roger_ebert chicago_sun-times said violent blood soaked title promises praised acting technical execution patrick austin american statesman hailed important horror film george night living dead variety found picture despite called heavy gore john cinefantastique stated house featured film look positively pleasant comparison film article pornography harper magazine stephen found violence extreme critics later frequently praised film aesthetic quality power observing managed gore film bruce houston_chronicle called masterpiece fear guide thought intelligent depiction violence felt fact banned united_kingdom tribute pointed quiet sense beginning film grows viewer experiences assault senses rise fall cinema scott von commended effective use daylight shots unusual horror films sight corpse opening sequence mike austin chronicle praised film subtle touches radio broadcasts heard background describing murders texas said far potential reality described films time reed called terrifying film seen empire described purely horror movie called totally committed viewing film horror director recalled wondering kind created thing work terror words horror novelist stephen king declared happily testify social merit court country critic robin wood found horror films possess authentic quality nightmare based reviews published review aggregate website rotten_tomatoes reports critics gave positive review average score cultural impact texas chain saw massacre considered greatest controversial horror films major influence genre richard time commented set new standard films times listed controversial films time tony believes film paved way horror vehicle social commentary describing cheap control mark los_angeles_times declared defines entirely notion exploitation picture book dark romance sexuality horror film david called affecting gore thriller broader view effective horror films driving force texas massacre far horrible sexuality total insanity according bill force authentic art profoundly disturbing intensely personal time far personal wolf praised film exquisite work art compared greek tragedy noting lack onscreen violence gained reputation significant character horror genre responsible establishing use conventional tools murder weapons image large silent killer devoid personality christopher said collective consciousness iconic jason hockey mask don called texas chain saw massacre classic introduced new villain horror influenced entire generation filmmakers according entertainment_weekly laid foundations future horror franchises halloween evil dead blair witch project scott cited inspiration film alien french director credited early influence career horror filmmaker heavy metal musician rob zombie sees major influence art notably film house corpses texas chain saw massacre selected cannes film festival directors fortnight london film festival won special jury prize fantastic film festival france entertainment_weekly ranked film sixth list cult films total film poll selected greatest horror film time named time magazine horror films film ranked number empire magazine list greatest movies time empire ranked 46th list greatest independent films total film poll selected greatest horror film judging panel included veteran horror directors john carpenter george guardian ranked number list horror films texas chain saw massacre inducted horror hall_of_fame director accepting award permanent collection new_york_city museum modern art film named critics british film institute sight sound magazine greatest films themes analysis underlying themes film subject extensive critical discussion critics scholars interpreted exploitation film female protagonists subjected brutal violence stephen prince comments horror born young woman subjected imprisonment abuse amid decaying arms human bones teeth horror films focuses final girl heroine inevitable lone survivor escapes horror characters wounded tortured manages survive help male truck driver critics argue exploitation films ratio male female deaths roughly equal images violence committed female characters specific case texas chain saw massacre provides support argument men killed quick fashion woman brutally slaughtered hung surviving woman physical mental torture critic mary described scene probably brutal onscreen female death commercially distributed film placed lineage violent films depict women weak incapable protecting study group men shown films depicting differing levels violence women viewing texas chain saw massacre experienced symptoms depression anxiety subsequent viewing found violence women offensive enjoyable study investigating gender specific perceptions films involved male female university students male participant described screaming especially thing film according bright lights film journal lack explicit violence film forces viewers question fascination violence play central role imagining nonetheless citing camera moves repeated bursts light asserts involves audience primarily sensory intellectual level critic christopher argues alfred birds american horror film defined questions poses fundamental validity american process concerns 1970s authority wake vietnam began exploration new sense contemporary life collapse american gothic writes texas chain saw massacre carries exploration logical conclusion addressing issues film refusing closure robin wood characterizes family victims industrial capitalism jobs workers having rendered obsolete technological advances states picture brings focus spirit lie far surface modern collective consciousness explores film representation capitalism relation theory taboo wood analysis stating family values reflect correspond established american institutions embodiment social units kim newman view presentation family dinner scene parodies typical american sitcom family gas station owner bread winning father figure killer depicted housewife acts rebellious teenager author recreational terror women pleasures horror film viewing states horror genre terror comedy tension successfully thin line separates terrorism parody delicate balance struck texas massacre decaying corpse incorporates horrific humorous effects actually uses texas chain saw massacre described ultimate pro vegetarian film animal rights themes video essay film critic rob describes irony humans slaughtered meat putting humans position slaughtered like farm animals director gave meat making film said way thought heart film meat chain life killing beings post release texas chain saw massacre appeared home video formats released 1980s wizard video video british board film classification banned theatrical version banned home version amid moral panic surrounding video retirement chief board passed film uncut video film certificate years original release texas chain saw massacre released dvd october united_states united_kingdom initial australian dvd release followed revised version years later dark sky films released disc ultimate edition featuring interviews restored audio picture quality extras including deleted scenes dark sky films released blu ray version september march dark sky announced film received restoration released june celebrate film 40th anniversary restoration screened directors fortnight section cannes film festival blu ray disc restoration released september collector edition nominated best dvd special edition release saturn awards shortly texas chain saw massacre established success home video wizard video released mass market video game adaptation game player assumes role attempts murder avoiding obstacles fences cow horror themed video games texas massacre caused controversy released violent nature sold poorly result game stores refused stock film followed sequels remake film categories prequel sequel texas massacre considerably graphic violent original banned australia years released dvd revised special edition october texas massacre iii second sequel appear return direct scheduling conflicts film spontaneous texas massacre generation starring matthew released briefly acknowledging events preceding sequels plot makes virtual remake original straight remake texas massacre released platinum dunes new line cinema followed prequel texas massacre beginning seventh film texas released january direct sequel original film relation films archive academy film archive houses texas chain saw massacre collection contains items collection representing original elements film