borough town south coast england town west new forest lies east historically county hampshire administrative county reorganisation local government covering area square miles km2 population making fourth populous town closely population founded 7th century confluence rivers flow harbour town originally named known following construction town developed important trading port fortified 9th century defences added 12th century construction castle destroyed army english civil war 18th 19th centuries smuggling flourished town lucrative industries town heavily fortified second world war precaution expected invasion factory established town airfield manufactured aircraft royal_air_force town harbour beaches nature reserves historically important buildings popular tourist destination attracting million visitors year airport international airport handles approximately passengers year located borough boundary airport industrial park contains number engineering businesses largest employment sites popular destination oldest populations country cent residents aged history founded approximately missionaries sent bishop settled stretch raised land rivers carried people settlements old salisbury harbour important saxon england easily reached continent boats travel river salisbury town appears anglo saxon chronicle entry old english rivers alfred great considered strategic importance threat invasion defensive walls erected town chief minister king william dean began building site original mission church soon construction town known time early 12th century castle built town originally wooden fort built richard cousin king henry rebuilt stone baldwin resist king stephen civil war empress castle saw action civil war occupied changed hands number times originally royalist control captured sir william parliamentary army lord briefly retook town obliged withdraw returned larger force days later laid siege castle siege maintained hold town fearing powerful stronghold fall royalist hands ordered castle destroyed fishing industry importance harbour declined inaccessible vessels large draught harbour entrance particularly troublesome constantly shifting edward earl bought manor plans improve trade town attempted resolve problems harbour entrance cutting new foot head completion new entrance repeatedly large storm damaged blocked entrance entirely following years alternative schemes proposed taken smuggling lucrative industries 18th 19th centuries easy access neighbouring towns difficult harbour entrance acted barrier customs townspeople involved illegal trade large quantities wealth accumulated confrontation gang local customs officers led battle royal_navy officer killed subsequently executed important industry period manufacture chains watches robert cox began manufacture chains workshops high street cox gained monopoly chain production britain supplying watch clock makers country william hart opened similar factory chains longer required changes watch designs factories closed railway came nearest station road passengers taken rest way new station built town close stands today served branch line joined mainline station built particular enjoying modest tourist trade king george iii town arrival railways accessible potential visitors power station built power public excess generated sufficient light town added national grid fisher aviation company began provide flights fields eastern end road company flown passengers obtained permission establish site known airfield second world war factory built airfield began manufacturing aircraft raf ninth air_force established base second opened airport german 6th army fortified expected invasion construction gun tank traps town anti tank island bailey developed bailey bridge military engineering experimental establishment barracks development large increase housing occurred century acres common land north town known enclosed built town population rapidly expanded 20th century development seen population grown little 1950s large housing estate built east town centre bypass constructed traffic town high street main london southampton town transferred county hampshire following local government reorganisation granted borough status royal charter governance local government district borough status smallest county council districts smallest england population district formed merger municipal borough rural district non metropolitan county large rural areas including international airport parishes burton local elections borough divided containing elections place years election took place resulting conservatives retaining overall control seats mayor conservative councillor jones deputy mayor nick conservative existence office mayor mainly ceremonial role little power council leader ray served conservative councillor represented single parliamentary constituency house_of_commons seat created parts north new forest held robert conservative creation death election diana liberal democrat elected largest swings sitting party seat conservative candidate christopher retained general election retained seat considerable majority vote making conservative country liberal democrats won vote labour independence party south west england constituency elections european parliament geography easterly coastal town lies historic county boundaries hampshire town west approximately miles east miles west southampton miles south salisbury town centre lies rivers flow directly harbour borough boundaries stretch forest north encompassing airport eastwards coast far river forms natural boundary west estuary harbour form southern boundary harbour contains large areas salt marsh protected known spit fine sandy beach sides walkway lined beach harbour protected natural head start special site sand nest annually sandy cliffs harbour accessible shallow draught boats drawing feet entrance entrance known run spit considerable tides flow knots mph spring tides harbour protected wildlife refuge home large populations bird life south harbour enclosed head site earliest settlement dating bronze age end bank ditch known double built protect ancient settlement marsh acre nature reserve situated confluence rivers 18th century notorious landing tobacco narrow channels harbour contains areas salt marsh freshwater marsh reed beds home grazing horses rare birds species rare endangered plants designated local nature reserve site special scientific interest north catherine hill highest borough metres sea level hill southerly chain hills miles long acre area coniferous forest new forest head valley bay isle seen viewpoints east hill valley way bay isle viewed south west hill commanding views catherine hill use prehistoric times look area beacon recent years served military training ground hill home protected rare wildlife species including sand geology borough bedrock mainly composed sand patches clay east west superficial deposits drift sand gravel cover entire area extraction sand gravel construction purposes carried borough opening sites planned climate like rest country temperate climate small variation daily annual temperatures presence gulf stream ensures british isles maintain year round ambient temperature position south coast england slightly warmer winters cooler summers settlements inland months july august average temperature range months january february range average annual rainfall millimetres average millimetres population according census making fourth populous settlement lies south east south coast major urban areas total population decades population increased times average england wales expected grow net gain people migration excluding deaths average people enter borough leave year giving net average gain migrants population density times average people square kilometre oldest populations country significant proportion residents wealthy senior citizens percentage population aged double national average borough eastern boundary possesses highest percentage elderly residents entire united_kingdom office national statistics predicted percentage residents rise life female residents years male residents years increase years previous life years years females males respectively common rest low numbers black minority ethnic groups vast majority consider white british white groups account mixed race asian british asian largest group local population followed chinese black ethnic groups economically active population time employment work time basis employment borough residents high skill level occupation low level formal qualifications level qualification higher degree levels contains properties average price detached house average property expensive england wales nearly residences owner occupied vacant second homes borough cars average household common rest lower crime rates average reported crime rates population figures follows violence person sexual offences robbery theft vehicles theft vehicles economy total gross value added borough grew million million biggest contributor local economy period transport communication sector brought million million sector saw largest growth period metals engineering increased food wood industries experienced largest negative change electronics industry experienced biggest fall million seven years previous aircraft manufacturing industry established town construction factory airfield factory manufactured wide range aircraft vampire sea venom sea 1950s airport raf base situated outskirts borough boundaries heavily involved aircraft production vickers armstrong later british aircraft corporation established factory airport factory closed aircraft manufacturing airport ceased late 1970s aircraft engineering industries remained important local economy works airport converted acre industrial estate largest employment sites county businesses working population people town number smaller trading estates including airfield way industrial estate sea trading estate silver business park hughes business park park road situated old airfield trading park old railway yard road lane airport busiest international airports country important economic generator region owned operated manchester airports group airport handles passengers annually supports time equivalent jobs contribute million local economy airport underwent million upgrade included construction new departure terminal major employers include systems aviation services company international airport ltd channel express college air traffic control data track process instruments european aviation aviation steel company communications town high street contains shops square feet retail space addition saxon square shopping added square feet shop floor town centre increase combined number shops floor space makes fifth largest shopping centre attracts staying visitors day visitors year tourism generates local economy important local economy spending generating heavily dependent tourism neighbours tourism contribution local economy compared portland visitor accommodation consists camping parks bed spaces hotels guest houses bed breakfast establishments culture weekly market granted town baldwin market took place junction castle street high street weekly markets stopped resumed century later car park town hall site saxon square construction square began market moved car park bank close today held monday high street closed traffic periodically food french market town year town held food wine festival includes international food market stalls selling food drink large kitchen area erected saxon square cooking demonstrations given celebrity chef past guests included rhodes jean week long festival community event aims educate people healthy eating availability foods festival local invited schools demonstrate recipes weekend hosts workshop year olds holds annual music festival weekend july originally folk festival event evolved cater wider variety tastes morris dancing groups belly dancing exhibitions featured rock bands soul groups included alongside traditional types music festival format changes annually usually focuses town large contains main stage local bars host smaller bands dancing exhibitions place town centre annual event held year takes place second week august involves rowing competitions river travelling sited adjacent town carnival procession large display takes place weekend known conveyed town lord 19th century situated anonymous gift town summer months free open air concerts saturdays popular smooth jazz festival sunday brass bands play town museum red house museum road town red house contains permanent temporary exhibitions pertaining local history costume geology natural history museum grounds contain formal informal gardens old power station owned scottish southern energy housed museum electricity longer open public company working new ways share museum collection widely landmarks town centre town centre encompasses mixture traditional public houses restaurants coffee shops cottages historic listed buildings older town dates saxon times retains saxon street layout grade listed mayor built market hall far end high street moved present position enclosed extended town hall civic offices built mid-1970s restored condition circa saxon square shopping built high street contains grade listed public houses george coach house ship inn oldest licence known ship inn history traced end high street church street contains church hatch grade listed georgian residence home sir owen tudor saved demolition public appeal bells grade listed gift shop church street frequented central number local legends close castle street 14th century property referred old courthouse local historians maintain door long gone town centre contains grade listed bridges town bridge 15th century stone bridge composed portions separated narrow strip land eastern portion crosses narrower branches river pass town features low round headed arches western bridge features arches crosses runs adjacent east town bridge route town centre bridge spans larger branch built circa tradition dressed portland stone design incorporates wide arches circular piers capped northern bridge modern steel pedestrian older structure castle grade listed castle norman origin originally bailey construction castle dominated town lies ruins couple walls remain castle stood approximately edward elder fortified town wooden fort norman conquest castle defences strengthened ditch bailey surrounded wooden wooden fort replaced wooden structure stone constructed 12th century curtain wall castle stands constable house grade listed norman dwelling building stonework remains including rare example norman chimney country extends mill stream castle parliamentary army english civil war prevent stronghold falling royalist hands town centre harbour overlooked 11th century grade listed monastery given town use parish church henry_viii dissolution longest parish church england nave feet long nave norman heavy columns round arches lady chapel 14th century perpendicular style great choir later having rebuilt 16th century noted beam attracts pilgrims world grounds stands house grade listed mansion built active use worship forms church_of_england diocese winchester place mill place mill grade listed anglo saxon located short distance south mentioned book features stone base underneath red mill belonged stopped working stood derelict purchased council restored unique takes water river second river supplied royalty fisheries near electricity museum flows nearly miles mill grounds joining river grade listed bridge known place mill bridge crosses nearby castle situated cliffs castle grade listed mansion building designed william charles stuart 1st baron stuart built stands site high cliff demolished georgian mansion belonged charles stuart grandfather john stuart 3rd earl important remaining example gothic revival architecture design incorporated french stonework stained glass 18th century french house sold briefly children home catholic seminary devastating fire years neglect castle sold borough council underwent restoration castle open general public year weddings private functions exhibitions public events sports recreation town football team play bridge sports club situated junction causeway lane established club founding member hampshire football association promoted champions hampshire league team win senior cup times succession club joined league ninth tier english football league system clubs league maintain amateur status bridge home cricket club teams saturday sunday leagues won division having newly promoted division seasons team lost games bridge houses cricket centre indoor training facility run cricket board council run leisure centre situated end lane south complex contains swimming pool golf course indoor bowling facility home east indoor club lawn bowling club bowling club play green adjacent castle ruins town lawn bowling clubs golf courses sailing popular leisure pursuit harbour home sailing clubs sailing club sailing club sailing club situated fisherman bank town respectively end town home local rowing club transport kilometres highway kilometres roads kilometres roads town served road runs devon southampton new forest north town connects major trunk road central southern england provides access motorway southampton road runs northwards hampshire bus companies operate borough buses yellow buses provide direct routes burton sea new summer months possible travel directly end park portsmouth salisbury railway station south western main line london services operated south west trains depart london twice hour monday saturday hourly sunday southampton airport winchester accessed directly station airport situated small village borough boundary miles north west town centre originally raf airfield airport began commercial services late 1950s serves passengers annually operate airport provide scheduled flights european north african caribbean destinations summer months small passenger ferries travel spit town ferry crosses bridge ferry running bridge built crossing ferry service operates harbour entrance ferry operated rowing boats 1960s payment discretion passenger education infant schools junior schools primary schools combined infant junior secondary schools secondary schools order size school pupils school pupils school pupils secondary schools share sixth form sites providing different courses schools fall jurisdiction county council general certificate secondary education results ranked 32nd local authorities england based percentage pupils attaining grades level including english best performing school pupils gained grade including english compared national average achieved school successful pupils achieved grade results best performing school level results average score points student slightly national average school school students averaged points school points notable residents birthplace home notable people including benjamin renowned architect earliest members royal institute british architects twice vice president royal gold works include wells cathedral royal_navy admiral diplomat born lived parish burton served war elevated baron county southampton curator british museum governor bank england lived house built grounds prince louis future king france took refuge napoleonic wars robert writer poet poet lived burton writers poets day visited including brother law poet samuel scottish novelist poet sir walter scott john stuart 3rd earl prime minister amateur botanist founders royal gardens built mansion high cliff house estate close cliff area known charles stuart 1st baron stuart diplomat grandson john stuart 3rd earl built castle grand romantic style mansion house site grandfather house sir george rose member parliament close friend advisor prime minister william built home great friend king george iii visited helping promote tourist destination home george rose sons politician diplomat sir george henry rose poet william rose served members parliament field marshal hugh rose 1st baron son sir george henry rose spent time living family home sir bailey civil engineer developed bailey bridge worked second world war bailey lived retired death england football international liverpool player attended school father harry managed retired arsenal scotland bob wilson home near town centre twin towns germany hungary new_zealand saint france


village civil parish england miles southwest linked road miles oxford census recorded parish population parish bounded river ray south tributary river west outskirts north field boundaries east village miles east roman town church_of_england parish church public house second world war housed british_army personnel stationed george barracks miles south ministry defence new houses built early 1950s geography miles southwest nearest railway station connected road site roman town miles west village village miles south middle farms market end township added 20th century detached form separate parishes present parish miles wide north south east west bridges cross river ray parish heath bridge bridge bridge bridge road arched bridge built 18th century land relatively level feet sea level apart hill north west village feet high 19th century believed came derivative 5th century british commander roman descent commander close present site help neighbouring military garrison conflicts anglo word don den old english word meaning place hill ascent added roman british combined interpretation rejected historians believe derived old english hill forms recorded middle ages course street roman road linked street way passes parish mile north village roman pottery found area scholar antiquarian white vicar ancient danish remains found parish manor reign king edward lady called probably latin rendering old english held manor book records replaced hugh butler william brother roger owned hugh nephew roger inherited honour passed 2nd earl cornwall gave manor order brothers retained dissolved dissolution monasteries crown granted john lord manor remained hands family edward son law edward prior sold manor margaret london margaret married sir thomas family grandson francis royalist english civil war parliament estates commonwealth england treason trustees twice sold wealthy john william alexander jackson francis recovered sir james london sold acres hectares estate farmers francis widow mary son walter sold remainder manor sir william 1st sir william rebuilt manor house shortly remained family sir stephen 3rd sold english civil war area occupied june king forces guarded bridge page turner manor bought edward turner bought sir stephen turner turner page turner sir edward turner 2nd replaced manor house large square house bays construction house reused stone manor house mixed local limestone stone quarry stone gloucestershire architect miller designed ornamental buildings grounds park lakes statues laid house drive house avenue trees sir edward died sir gregory page turner 3rd considered house large sought demolish create smaller house proved impossible entire house demolished remained turner later page turner sir edward henry page turner 6th died childless 6th left estates nephew frederick took page turner coat arms sold estate parish church earliest church_of_england parish church mary virgin 12th century norman north doorway early english gothic west tower built slightly later south aisle added 14th century chancel rebuilt 15th century perpendicular gothic windows church plan existed chronicled records possession john large courtyard entered elegant gates cross fixed northern southern end courtyard cemetery main church building comprised tower stories angle nave chancel south aisle crowned pierced supported handsome buttresses containing statues saints john south porch leads aisle lit light windows aisle nave bay arcade nave windows similar north wall church nave 17th century pulpit reading desk late 17th century added reign james pulpit refurbished cloth given lady turner bearing insignia turner family nave west gallery painting resurrection jesus according inscriptions given church grade listed building bell tower ring bells bell cast richard fourth cast henry iii bell nearest fifth cast edward mary bell cast taylor presumably oxford cast second tenor bells mary small bell cast peter london ecclesiastical parish ray valley mary serves british_army garrison chapel nearby dates reverend white vicar tutor vice principal hall oxford published number scholarly works rector london dean likely largely absent years tenure relinquished living consecrated bishop economic social history record document records field way farmed open field system 17th century small agricultural land parish common lands reported enclosed reported field system described completely enclosed sir edward turner 2nd constructed new road intended road eventually connect oxford remainder project completed road reputed cost guinea yard road includes completely straight stretch miles generally runs level ground course regular intervals intended use gravity help draught animals pull vehicles january barge carried load coal thames oxford river old course river ray coal landed bridge delivered sir edward turner 2nd house experiment repeated establish regular freight trade river village inhabitants annual estate value assessed parish included old park house demolished horse racing jackson oxford journal complained race meeting park attracted thousand characterized marred brutal fighting despite presence members gentry parish school opened ceased operating temporary school existed village permanent parish school building gothic revival style completed opened primary school attendance pupils including children war department housing estate 20th century school moved new premises renamed acres primary school school building village hall railway oxford line built northwest corner parish opened nearest station town miles north village london north western railway worked railway opening absorbed company railway oxford line currently operated railways electricity introduced military railway built remains use day ministry defence central ordnance depot new housing estate houses built village government bought significant area land farms parish types house designed architect potter salisbury built brick tiles sited green british_army personnel george barracks nearby village second world war military depot considered industrial installation related support military operations sited war affected village northern garrison village extensive buildings housing accommodation amenities built military amenities amenities include parish church turner arms pub post office village hall school current primary school village hair salon car dealer garage craft shop army provides personnel families community centre includes library gymnasium careers centre indoor swimming pool


suburban area manchester england lies north bank river miles south manchester city centre population census historically lancashire records existing small hamlet early 13th century early history dominated manor feudal estate covered large south manchester described 18th century township separate outside influence charles edward stuart crossed march south manchester derby subsequent retreat largely rural mid-19th century underwent development industrial revolution manchester royal society protection birds formed history derives anglo saxon probably referring man known stronghold township low cliff overlooking place river 13th century variously referred parish church charter granted shows corn grinding mill operating river earliest reference document dating recording grant land building chapel church named james church underwent major refurbishment 19th century stonework visible today dates 17th century built public houses flanked nearby village green inn called place soon gained reputation haunted servants refused sleep premises abandoned local moss bought house lived years installed wrought iron gates entrance garden building reputation known locally gates hell museum closed gardens open public area james church highest concentration listed buildings manchester outside city centre river places river significant troop movements english civil war manchester royalist commander prince stationed south likely prince charlie crossed march south manchester derby subsequent retreat immigration europe jewish immigrants started arrive manchester late 18th century initially settling mainly suburbs north city 1890s onwards moved seen sophisticated suburbs south influx jewish immigrants led west nicknamed road main road west palestine road 19th 20th centuries victorian expansion manchester developed prosperous settlement period exist road village wood east north converted nursing homes offices opening midland railway line contributed greatly rapid growth population stations west offering easy rail connections manchester central line closed station building remained standing demolition 1980s station clock water fountain survived dedicated local doctor poor rhodes april french pilot louis landed fields fold farm borders end flight london manchester hours short overnight stop arriving beat british contender white winning prize offered daily_mail powered flight manchester point outside city special trains chartered newly built station spectators landing stood night progress followed special train carrying wife mechanics train took party civic reception given lord mayor manchester town hall house road constructed 1930s near site landing marked blue plaque commemorate achievement governance civic history early 13th century lay manor feudal estate included cum hardy moss ruled families historic county boundaries lancashire remained manor centuries described township right civil parish incorporated urban district superseded creation urban district urban district subdivision administrative county lancashire created provisions local government act urban district amalgamated city county borough manchester absorbed manchester remained civil parish following local government act manchester metropolitan borough metropolitan county greater manchester political representation parliamentary constituency manchester represented jeff smith member labour_party area formed ward manchester city_council section west contained ward boundary changes resulted split mainly new east west small section west incorporated new ward park east represented labour james wilson adams andrew west represented labour david liberal democrat john manchester elect thirds yearly cycle geography south greater manchester urban area miles south manchester city centre north bordered cum hardy west east south east south river forms southern southwestern boundaries certain stretches river boundaries city manchester area generally considered roughly enclosed princess parkway west east ball brook north lane fog lane north northern boundary marked boundary stone garden wall house west road country trail passes west east named trans trail national cycle route sited disused railway track nationwide initiative promote cycling built environment developed areas east west village separates albert park conservation area covering west places planning restrictions development alterations buildings trees areas adjacent lie river flood plain historically prone flooding heavy rainfall major flooding late 1960s 1970s extensive flood work carried valley manchester helped speed passage moss botanical garden acts emergency flood basin storing safely released river united_kingdom census recorded having population born united_kingdom large majority residents identified white asian mixed ethnicity black chinese ethnic group accounted population population density square mile economy census estimated workforce population economic status time employment retired self employed time employment time student job housewife husband permanently sick disabled unemployed economically inactive reasons rate time employment compares manchester england area unemployment rate contrast manchester rate broadly line rate unemployment england main industries employment property business services education health social work retail wholesale manufacturing transport communications financial services hotels restaurants construction public administration defence figures similar surrounding areas relatively larger education sector nearby explained high density schools area significant number people areas outside census jobs compared employed residents occupies sir william house west employed people head office british office employees pioneer house square feet dutch owned towers business park tenants business park included trinity integrated systems limited lighting considered form belt manchester affluent suburb culture original site village conservation area known james half mile south today village centre traditional independent retailers gradually replaced multi national firms raising fears lose individual identity clone town independent traders continue thrive especially west celebrates independent spirit year day festival year old funeral pre victorian buildings village regarded village demolished summer way new branch boots owner united blamed changing demographics closure funeral homes occupied young professional people death rate falling area green areas moss botanical garden acre recreational park south village centre named local moss donated park city manchester won green flag award national standard parks green spaces england award held park winner green flag award community park village centre comprises area football pitch play area year festival pupils local schools dress theme meet playground catherine primary school east parade park marie gardens relatively small park west centre park originally owned family grounds house land bequeathed people manchester memory daughter marie park centre controversy manchester city_council proposed sell portion private property developer media old capitol theatre junction wood road school lane served northern studios itv station abc weekend television early episodes programmes opportunity knocks studios abc ceased use site lost itv franchise merger fellow itv company site briefly yorkshire television facilities leeds ready studios acquired manchester cinema television studies theatre building demolished late 1990s way residential development lives form new theatre space heart campus saints area oxford road south manchester city centre base manchester evening news south manchester reporter transport close junction manchester ring road motorway manchester airport busiest airport outside london miles south served bus routes manchester city centre centre destinations road provides regular bus service strong demand travel students corridor service cheap passengers rarely wait couple minutes according analysts road busiest bus corridor europe east nearest railway stations line manchester manchester airport area served railway stations station west station south manchester lines manchester central station entire line shut following axe proposals existed 1980s open disused railway line passes manchester light rail system proposals station open central village extension plans rejected government escalating costs new plans drawn money required construction line planned come proposed manchester congestion charge overwhelmingly rejected public vote agreed provision additional funding secured construction area included additional stops burton road west village east final government approval government funding cum hardy east extension closed railway line granted march transport minister khan line east opened education non selective education system assessed exam seven primary schools state comprehensive secondary schools high school chosen manchester council benefit funding available wave government building schools future programme national scheme refurbishment secondary school england planned replace current buildings date wood schools manchester achieve manchester inclusion standard awarded manchester council schools innovative work ensure pupils able participate fully school activities centres higher education manchester college city college manchester campus opened margaret offers variety courses including communication technology manchester metropolitan university campus school education home health social care education hall residence primary schools beaver road primary school primary school west primary school catherine primary school community primary school school broad oak primary school preparatory school secondary schools wood high school high school wood pupils register larger average regularly year inspection report office standards education children services skills school criticised failing students acceptable standard education providing unsatisfactory value money came special measures deemed satisfactory school aspects good teaching good management high school average size secondary school pupils regularly described october report successful effective school providing good education pupils religion uncertain chapel built thought middle 13th century plague reached village chapel yard consecrated provide cemetery victims carry dead way manchester bbc radio daily service programme christian worship world oldest continuous radio programme broadcast church road religious buildings grade listed methodist church paul theological college church_of_england diocese manchester roman catholic diocese diverse areas manchester second largest jewish population borough medium sized muslim population comparison areas converted church west houses mosque islamic centre sports sports centre road manchester metropolitan university campus provides fitness suite classes facilities tennis rugby union clubs old founded plays fields ford lane team plays north lancashire league club runs senior teams youth section run competition charity fund local old based east founded regularly fields senior teams junior section believed oldest rugby player world founder member club later president player sale played game manchester club birthday amateur football club founded share farm ground old cricket club fields saturday teams sunday teams plays county premier league senior teams club junior section catering players years age recently formed women section home manchester club grey women hockey team actually play site grounds designed commonwealth games northern tennis club west manchester clubs annually plays host association tennis professionals tournament july public services community hospital opened occupies site larger hospital developed site buildings evident covered south manchester division greater manchester police towers known institute home engineer daniel driving force manchester ship canal project venue decision build canal taken house designed architect thomas editor proprietor manchester guardian john edward taylor notable people daniel promoter manchester ship canal lived towers blue plaque institute road death grade listed home designed thomas john edward taylor editor proprietor manchester guardian venue meeting decided construct ship canal project emily pioneer wildlife protection resident founded plumage league went found royal society protection birds plaque placed home honour work centenary organisation created television manchester lived work requirements studios manchester howard final runner carry queen opening commonwealth games england football captain david born rare condition heart resident francis house raised million lord marcus joseph chairman marks born francis french author noted space historian grew attended school noted poet novelist hannah carol ann female poet lives west


village civil parish valley authority bath north east somerset ceremonial county somerset england parish population south village valley lake village road miles bristol miles bath miles city wells miles bristol airport village close northern edge hills designated area outstanding natural beauty designated conservation area listed buildings reflecting history village river flows village outside village reservoir small bristol water supply reservoir brook village approximately residents primary school adjacent secondary school shops small businesses churches serving area football pitch children play area village frequently wins regional categories village year competition currently moving zero waste status having described probably parish britain history long largest village district trace importance saxon times thriving centre middle ages example having households rendering year land cultivated having mills cattle pigs sheep goats acquired market town non represented borough status picture entirely households manor held bishops bath wells called bishop bishops built palace near church visited henry iii court surviving palace adjacent head listed long heritage according robinson lay religious holdings formed episcopal property held overlord saxon bishop comes latin meaning greater supported book specify pre conquest holder instances given bishop wells early medieval period converted substantial adjoining named bishop north stone furthermore living annexed sole listed great george parish eastern corner south aisle church monument family large possessions parish inserted window aisle wooden supposed sir john knight henry iii owned northeastern estate named directional corner church monuments family lived court dissolution monasteries changed important villages banks river reflecting reduced wealth established church dissolution monasteries onwards lord manor sir william jones attorney general england 1820s seat lord village toll roads toll house collect fees population partly employed coal mines bishop manufacture edge tools limited extent considerable factory cloth late 19th 20th centuries importance wool trade village declined largely dormitory area cities bristol bath continued commercial centre valley second world war german bombing raids targeted bristol bombs fell parish house road hill bombed nearly flat area east junction hill initially chosen site area lit fires simulate bristol flames later half way north farm manor farm north area secured royal_air_force personnel lit fires automatic guns simulate anti aircraft guns genuine heavy anti aircraft battery farm area guarded boxes remains west map reference valley lake construction construction valley lake 1950s brought opportunities leisure tourism storm july storm brought heavy rainfall valley millimetres falling hours double area average rainfall july flooded properties inundated feet water bridge road demolished telephone exchange telephone exchange manually operated 1950s important number hughes exchange operators locate emergency away home surgery manual exchange served valley east government politics parish council responsibility local issues valley north ward represented councillor bath north east somerset authority wider responsibilities services education refuse tourism etc village north east somerset constituency south west england constituency european parliament demographics according census valley north ward includes residents living households average age years residents described health good year olds qualifications area unemployment rate economically active people aged index multiple ranked england deprived deprived schools primary school won award use practice adventure exploration computer game support literacy communication valley school main secondary school years valley situated latest inspection report describes specialist performing arts college mixed comprehensive school pupils roll including students sixth form says school popular successful gaining number national regional awards received good rating overall outstanding inspection famous residents john john circus proprietor lived village 19th century richard natural history film producer hammond general comedian zero project home zero project promotes education levels society seeking conserve improvements environment overseas groups zero transport energy includes mobility plan develop range integrated services offer communities west england cost effective flexible environmentally sustainable transport people consumption farmers markets local food skill world supports campaigns initiatives social justice development currently pursuing fair trade status waste recycling based mill post medieval sport recreation king george field memorial king george gymnasium facilities courts etc outdoor weather pitches available valley leisure centre range clubs societies young old including scout groups society women institute cricket pitch teams residents surrounding villages banded form new charity valley youth trust combat declining provision leisure recreational activities young people region response closure local youth clubs declining state support local transport charity issues rural isolation provides young residents recreational activities buildings interest church andrew church dates 12th century large 15th century sandstone tower norman font screen width church church memorials court wooden knight cross legged leaning elbow 15th century armour thought sir john descendant possibly transferred church demolished north chapel sir john feet tall lady armoured figure feet inches long feet rest lion lady rest dog church restored register commencing tower feet tall probably built clock tower early bells tower tenor cwt original bells cast celebrated thomas cast repaired london commemorate diamond jubilee queen_victoria additional bells gift brigadier added complete octave contains bells present clock installed plays verse hymn hours noon different hymn tune day week church grade listed building churchyard contains monuments grade listed buildings right churchyard cross monument monument group unidentified monuments addition early 19th century limestone round topped stone bears inscription william shot hill june aged years church wooden plaques commemorating nineteen people village died world war seven world war bronze plaque individual soldier died buildings church church house known old school room upstairs room local school mid early 15th century village venue social activity village underwent major renovation grade listed building close church court originally bishop palace largely rebuilt little survives court today including doorway room gatehouse said court room turrets holding prisoners court grade listed building manor house tudor origins including fireplace dated gothic exterior largely redesigned john brought pieces house south german catherine altar early 16th century series panels style probably flemish repeating date manor house home prominent families including summers william penn preached house acres gardens laid 19th century house grade listed building forms sacred heart convent school stables attached manor house grade listed high street contains old buildings built walls gates piers date wings added later house house known house period house holly house portugal house slightly recent battle lane 18th century house end house row seven lodge built early 19th century square dominated construction house accompanying stable block south village medieval bridge pointed arches including double arch rings spanning feet river approached high feature village centre pointed arches double arch rings built orders widest point feet wide feet centre main arches separated sharp feet tapering inches inches string course runs length bridge bridge thought date late 15th century grade listed building scheduled ancient monument raised pavement steps listed grade surrounding village historic including farmhouse dates 15th century hill farmhouse dated


small village civil parish borough lancashire england occupying acres km2 miles southeast miles northwest situated fringe west foot pike according united_kingdom census population reducing census life middle ages centred families owned manor isolated rural community agriculture hand weaving mining occupied inhabitants middle 19th century chapel built replaced present church led building presbyterian church chapel grammar school founded charter queen elizabeth construction liverpool corporation mid-19th century led decrease population farms cleared valley flooded property western village demolished william bought hall estate turn 20th century wealth old create large public park history origin unclear elements element comes plants old english word meaning rough second element usually referred place belonging person case element years element comes old english word meaning settlement mean settlement rough recorded ways earlier centuries rare 16th century early history possible settlements existed area bronze age flint knife remains excavated bronze age noon hill possible eastern bank lower reservoir derives old english hill denoted ancient burial place evidence existence settlement anglo saxon times found names manor alexander held land majority land manor home junior branch family robert extended original hall 15th century hall barn variously dated saxon times 16th century robert son richard rebuilt chapel richard son james bishop durham founded grammar school death george estate passed son robert decline robert died sold hall estate robert thomas quarter manor owned eighth 18th century sold land lord death hugh 15th baron inherited estates john little bought share manor responsible building pike tower descendant robert partially rebuilt hall red brick georgian style andrew death property passed sister hannah maria married robert liverpool daughter married descendants remained resident hall sold interest manor estate acres km2 william hall estate acquired compulsory purchase liverpool corporation reservoir scheme william created acre km2 park north reservoir park donated park town death park owned liverpool corporation land owned united utilities industries foundations building water mill manor corn mill found opposite mill hill cottages possible mill pond shown edition ordnance survey map 19th century rural village built village green inhabitants employed agriculture scattered local farms hand weaving homes working local small coal mines winter hill owned nicholas fish appeared mines list coal mining small scale employed workers mining coal mountain coal local use tiger river douglas valley close boundary printing works operating demolished liverpool corporation reservoir scheme 1860s dramatically changed construction upper lower yarrow built provide liverpool safe clean water supply properties valley demolished construction work began pike scheme use today undertaken thomas scheme construct water treatment works south end lower mile pipeline storage water higher level brook lower carried south man channel connecting lower scheme expanded include high reservoir built supply water scheme expanded construction upper reservoir thomas duncan joseph jackson yarrow reservoir work began designed thomas duncan liverpool borough engineer liverpool corporation attempted acquire entire area safeguard water supply proposed demolish entire village buildings protected left vulnerable act parliament known liverpool corporation act allowed corporation acquire compulsory purchase properties west village including black head public house new hall demolished result small settlement remained largely unchanged governance township ecclesiastical parish lancashire poor law union formed took responsibility administration funding poor law area civil parish rural district rural district civil parish borough comprises elected year terms represent borough constitution council conservatives seats labour seats liberal democrats seats seats heath ward elected conservative councillor pat case deputy leader council lancashire county council created local government act local government act rural east ward parliamentary constituency elected member parliament labour_party general election geography situated fringe high west fields landscape characterised marginal isolated disused mines scattered extensive network providing public access reservoir valleys dominated water victorian gothic architecture dams surrounded woodland east pike west land lancashire plain north south yarrow reservoir west village wide shallow valley containing upper lower village accessed west road foot long embankment dam separates upper lower river douglas source winter hill flows southwest direction forming southern boundary river yarrow source forms northern boundary area township acres km2 filter beds occupy acres km2 underlying geology coal measures building stone area springs dean wood descent feet people lived males females households lived detached houses semi detached properties households owner occupied remainder privately rented mean age population years employed worked service industries worked manufacturing industries males unemployed average distance travelled work employed persons population change economy 19th century farming economic construction reduced agricultural land village weaving industry small mines closed population declined properties village demolished early 20th century agriculture mainly sheep farming continues small scale tourism began victorian times filled 1860s known little lake district popular destination park opened late victorian period mid-20th century tourists travelled day trips new road foot visitors arrived train today thousands visitors attracted village pike park year making tourism significant source income area transport east motorway connects preston north greater manchester south nearest access junction village accessed minor roads south west winding road north passes road east leads nearest places regular bus services south west served buses preston arrival manchester railway extension preston opening railway station brought visitors area line remains open stations parkway giving access manchester preston education grammar school charter granted james queen elizabeth school opened rebuilt grammar school founded merged grammar school opened site south township close boundary school high school specialist technology college focusing design technology mathematics science year seven pupils occupy county secondary school old grammar school building village centre occupied foundation primary school religion ancient ecclesiastical parish parish right church built hill known chapel earlier chapel site named deed margaret son robert covered surrounding areas chapel built little land local population divine service celebrated years antiquity early 16th century chapel rebuilt altered restored late 19th century small plain building built sandstone bell turret anglican church unusual dedicated saint martyr referred simply church chapel built local stone originally founded presbyterian church late 18th century chapel retains box restored churches listed buildings active places worship landmarks conservation area number listed buildings grade higher grade status spread village park include tower pike listed properties conservation area half houses village listed buildings include house row cottages post office rows cottages mill hill farmhouse private residences church chapel active places worship grammar school primary school village stocks green inscribed stone base village constable patrolled village bound outside village centre georgian hall adjacent hall barn great house barn possibly barn listed buildings great house farm houses information centre park park designed landscape open chain incorporates village buildings overall design largest impressive examples landscape design england national importance historical significance neglected deteriorated situated east bank lower reservoir park named william lord bought estate donated acres km2 land people native public park terms compulsory purchase order william allowed continue plans lay park expense maintained lifetime park opened contained boating lake zoo tree lined avenues network castle built scale replica liverpool castle near lower reservoir built entrances estate including stone house lodge main cottage originally single storey wooden extensive gardens private property william weekend visits entertaining high pike destroyed arson attack july replacement built stone thomas designed acre gardens private gardens contained pool japanese lake italian style gardens seven arched bridge tower lady room floor death cottage acquired john second world war troops erected grounds war site acquired liverpool corporation decided demolish building park gardens passed north west water authority liverpool corporation united utilities maintained public country park people protected rights afforded liverpool corporation act ensuring free enjoyment public listed historic landscape park forms county park recreation sport pike fell race held easter saturday fell race originally started railway works park entrance park avenue attracts runners course miles foot ascent area location commonwealth games mountain competition area hunt meets year hall barn


scots scottish scottish pronunciation affluent suburban town east set central scotland lies miles east miles east southeast miles northwest east southwest greater glasgow mentioned documents early seventeenth century scattered agricultural settlement late eighteenth century earl forced partition land number smaller properties development began mid late nineteenth century construction sandstone prompted development railway link nearby glasgow large scale continued century ceased 1920s uses found additional railway service began start twentieth century closely followed arrival glasgow corporation relative glasgow coupled local industry good transports links helped develop suburban town wealthy merchants chose construct free daily city heavy industry died area early twentieth century scotland densely populated central belt continued grow dormitory town supported position greater glasgow area roughly residents early twentieth century expansion continues new housing developments land designated leaving little room expansion history scottish partially origin comes meaning ridge meaning hill added gives meaning little ridge written mention came james presented mill surrounding lands hugh 1st earl settlement appeared created dutch joan scotland primarily scattered farming community late 11th earl forced partition land number small properties sale raise finances industry sandstone quarry opened long town known industry peak surface underground quarry employed men produced types sandstone liver rock rock liver rock particularly popular thanks lack stone easy work coal mining firm managed civil engineers hugh robert took running railway built allowing transport stone rail originally lower level line laid railway station orchard quarry facilitate extraction stone sandstone primarily nearby city glasgow found older parts university glasgow interior art gallery small trade belfast finer liver rock transported far america south_africa build buildings monuments continued flooding high cost stone work ceased numerous ventures tried purposes including cultivation mushrooms tunnels pits began fill water issue needed resolved early 1930s william began production steel continued limited began scrap metal extraction lasted late 1970s today ground coal mining carried coal produced poor quality little value main use coal commercial industrial customers gas works expansion opening railway station allowed business people build sandstone daily city time desirable live live city early 1890s residential began grow railway station toll gas introduced area gas street lamps erected district gas company supported voluntary subscription households refused pay leaving areas october parish council took street lighting area consistently lit night second railway station opened railway station station lay railway originally built provide route ports coast growth arrival glasgow corporation town addition link nearby railway station helped popularity weekend destination lead opening park later lord glasgow corporation profitable routes travelled sunday visit great housing boom late 1930s began grow rapidly dwellings constructed population rose dramatically blitz world war nazi german luftwaffe dropped group bombs houses destroyed prominent nazi politician deputy adolf_hitler near flown solo scotland attempt negotiate peace united_kingdom detained home guard battalion headquarters scout hall questioned major assistant group officer glasgow royal observer corps transferred barracks glasgow following day wreckage aircraft salvaged maintenance unit london imperial war museum proposals forward expand town building houses park involving park closing period years following objections local people opposition scottish government reporter east council abandoned plans october governance represented tiers elected government community council forms lowest tier governance statutory role communicate local opinion local central government community councils east council area east council local council based executive legislative body responsible local governance scottish parliament responsible matters education health justice reserved matters dealt parliament united_kingdom forms county constituency east member parliament house_of_commons parliament united_kingdom elected east general election constituency creation lay constituency purposes scottish parliament forms constituency represented kenneth labour_party geography situated scotland central community lies miles east miles northwest east miles south southwest glasgow territory glasgow forms greater glasgow united_kingdom fifth largest situated plateau glasgow edge area defines basin glasgow developed composed mainly rocks groups early mid age million years relatively soft easily eroded rocks resulted area flat gentle area typically metres metres sea level highest point area reaching metres experiences temperate maritime climate like british isles relatively cool summers mild winters regular generally light precipitation occurs year built environment characterised mixture nineteenth twentieth century single story dwellings semi detached south properties generally story detached commonly built local sandstone listed buildings postal district post town glasgow area consists district extends town boundary include neighbouring settlements according united_kingdom census census locality town sub area total resident population total east median age males females living respectively compared years scotland percent married couples lone parent families households individuals place birth towns residents united_kingdom including scotland republic ireland european_union countries world compared average scotland higher proportions people born outside europe people age residents time employment time employment self employed unemployed compared scotland respectively additionally students jobs retired look home family permanently sick disabled economically inactive reasons transport area number high volume road links neighbouring glasgow main glasgow road passes centre town crosses east toll nearest motorway junction interchange lies partnership transport passenger transport executive served railway stations managed railway station opened january lies east branch glasgow south western line runs glasgow central station miles north northeast railway station opened lies branch circle miles south southwest glasgow central railway station opened lies branch circle miles south southwest glasgow central closest airport glasgow international miles northwest followed glasgow international airport edinburgh international airport serviced number bus routes operators main bus link city number line operated runs minutes day education evidence education small private school operated lodge house hotel increased population public school opened tower rooms united free church known parish church number high schools including high school educational roman catholic high school built scotland performing state school state funded school scotland abandon standard grade examination system favour higher system access intermediate intermediate pupils fourth year maintaining fifth year advanced sixth year school roll september furthermore library primary schools primary school primary school primary school non primary schools high school culture community religion end nineteenth century church buildings religious meetings took place waiting room railway station later golf course parish church designed completed church built category listed building church built gothic revival style architecture built mainly locally stone located founded home largest jewish religious congregation scotland recreation tudor cinema constructed alex opened december superb suburban cinema tudor art style building considered glasgow entertainment complex featuring ballroom restaurant seat cinema numerous parks including park park east council offices based remains ancient woodland old years lands park originally belonged scottish crown ownership shifted earl james presented land hugh 1st earl marriage son area estate farmed end 18th century estate purchased local merchant walter alexander inherited estate responsible layout today sudden death august house passed hands brother william graham later sold estate cameron later lord estate given city glasgow lord provision citizens glasgow time park officially opened saturday lord park leisure centre metre swimming pool additional smaller pools activities leisure centre include casual swimming swimming lessons pool fun sessions fitness classes gym sessions garden 18th century house garden owned national trust scotland located newton near house acres walled garden sixteen rooms stables building protected category listed building sport united_kingdom successful athletics clubs north originally formed football club largest athletics clubs united_kingdom time winner scottish athletics club year award golf club founded course originally designed open championship winner designed course alterations course 1930s james won open championship times events hosted golf club club visited united_states cup teams teams included legends walter gene smith hosted world seniors golf championship jack visited club play exhibition match run clinic rugby club rugby union team based newton near season team competes scottish division public services forms western water regions scotland waste management provided east local council water supplies provided scottish water government owned corporation scottish government distribution network operator electricity scottish power board greater glasgow clyde fire rescue statutory fire rescue service nearest fire station neighbouring settlement provided police scotland partnership transport public body scotland direct operational responsibilities supporting cases running local bus services managing integrated areas region transport scotland manages local rail network notable people gordon brown politician prime minister ireland international andrew scotland international


sheriff hill sheriff hill suburb metropolitan borough wear england lies road miles south miles south newcastle miles north historic city durham according census population historically fell county durham sheriff hill site battle william iii scotland road built fell early 13th century attracting settlers procession bishops known sheriff march took place road continued 1830s fell enclosed village grown road largely populated influx working sheriff hill workers local pottery mill sandstone quarry turn 20th century industries steep decline local authority built large council estate sheriff hill alleviate dangerous effectively turning area residential suburb ceased independent village april incorporated metropolitan borough terms local government act local council ward high fell suburb economically compared areas borough nationally high levels unemployment sheriff hill site largest boarding schools remaining educational establishment primary school suburb contains queen elizabeth hospital largest hospital small small park principal landmark john church grade listed buildings area remaining churches southern end sheriff highway main road suburb feet sea level making highest point history early history 19th century sheriff hill fell barren heath took town fell common land iii scotland marched scottish border challenge authority william accompanied native insurgents foreign supporters met william men area sheriff hill decisively beaten 13th century road fell main trade route durham newcastle importance grew public houses old cannon built small number houses settlement derives sheriff march ancient procession held declared king scotland archbishop york prior bishop durham gilbert earl angus meet justices entered newcastle south procession held meeting appointed day procession started newcastle crossed river way steep road meeting place initially chile subsequently procession came light house house old cannon public house drink served sheriff expense judges arrived procession returned newcastle fell surveyed found consist acres land number small isolated settlements developed road modern day low fell sheriff hill cottages properties sheriff hill poor quality total ninety cottages returned rent rental rate declined years eventually poverty rates high tenants paid rent houses extremely essentially mud earth carved dwellings length road ran sheriff hill called bank middle 18th century area wild frightening place theologian john arrived found waste white industrial growth enclosure road fell durham bridge road act brought early settlers area development industry allowed formative settlement grow john opened pottery hill credited introducing white encouraged success paul jackson established sheriff hill pottery northern end road advertising newcastle journal jackson pottery local centre pottery production attracted settlers area source pride local residents sheriff hill main opened summit fell boundary sheriff hill low fell shafts isabella pits provided employment men boys act ordered enclosure fell commissioners appointed settle claims fell accordingly plans laid construction wells drains roads places including blue new roads today known blue road church road road built land disputes settled fell entirely enclosed formally creating villages sheriff hill low fell hill enclosure sheriff hill rural settlement village explosion tore sheriff hill killing thirty people industries area mill worked thirty employees built blue sandstone quarry opened provided employment extensive blue produced newcastle excellent quality world renown modern history turn 20th century industries sheriff hill decline 1890s old mill closed sheriff hill pottery 1920s blue filled sheriff hill longest surviving industrial operation closed surviving suburb industrial past street names blue road industries disappeared replaced tracts housing cottages torn enclosure remaining dwellings poor condition medical health officer described standard private housing estates built sheriff hill including estate distinctive estate dating houses flat roofs steps leading architectural feature hill irregularly arranged vernacular houses built locally stone slate area character small rural developments little alleviate conditions chronic village borough light problems council having previously refused decided purchase acres land hill sheriff hill housing act cost february led building council housing estate laid foundation stone october work commenced demonstrated authority concerns telling local newspaper build houses build homes people hope spirit corps prevail model estate demand high applicants houses built council built tracts housing broad triangle bank crescent avenue central government withdrew promised funding social housing available existence provides accommodation half population suburb sheriff hill residential suburb incorporated metropolitan borough implementation local government act considered county durham bordered low fell west north beacon south hill east government sheriff hill comprises high fell council ward metropolitan borough ward covers approximately square kilometres population represented council sheriff hill represented parliament constituency sitting member parliament labour representative elected general election majority votes liberal democrat frank swing labour liberal democrats area east washington west constituency abolished year boundary changes east washington west campaigned newly formed constituency washington west succeeded retired april sheriff hill north east england constituency european parliament parliament brussels constituency stephen labour_party martin conservative party hall liberal democrats geography topography sheriff hill miles south town centre miles london underlying geology predominantly sandstone clay southern end suburb land reaches elevation feet sea level highest point borough view newcastle river hill said grand inspired local artist thomas miles richardson paint notable picture view newcastle fell spite extensive rebuilding 20th century natural topography views particularly east coast north far hills points climate sheriff hill common north east england temperate climate mean highest temperature slightly lower england average mean lowest temperature somewhat higher england average total annual rainfall millimetres significantly lower national average england millimetres according united_kingdom census sheriff hill population female slightly national average male population black minority ethnic group compared national population group asian asian british ethnic group households single parent households fifth highest proportion compared average average households dependent children compared nationally index multiple divides england areas considers quality life measure splits sheriff hill areas percent deprived areas england sheriff hill compares wider area respect adults educational qualifications adults suburb educational qualifications compared england average adults equivalent grades compared england adults suburb levels equivalent compared england average religion according census residents sheriff hill describe christian marginally higher regional average substantially higher national average second prevalent religion islam residents identify muslim identify buddhist proportion identify jewish identify hindu figures national average remaining residents adhere religion stated religion state religion churches suburb today anglican church john located church road sheriff hill methodist church member united methodist free churches located junction lane sheriff highway shown ordnance survey maps modern brick building semi circular design economy original settlement sheriff hill developed growth industry area suburb today predominantly residential significant industry suburb considered affluent half working age population economically inactive half households car area higher levels unemployment comparison england broadway avenue adults time employment time jobs population self employed employment work outside area employed suburb public houses betting shops fast food outlets small shops provide local employment open length time compete larger retailers health sheriff hill site asylum opened 1830s situated sour milk hill lane sheriff hill asylum tended patients continued attract closure soon work began bed isolation hospital today queen elizabeth avenue building completed added later acre site enclosed large stone wall tipped barbed wire broken glass hospital comprised main block administrative building centre ward block ward block porter lodge steam building laundry hospital maximum capacity patients tended resident doctors nurses period isolation hospital remained sole medical provision sheriff hill faced increase population council decided new general hospital built march preliminary work started queen elizabeth hospital site isolation hospital foundations laid outbreak world war delayed building work new hospital opened queen elizabeth wife king george march largest hospital expanded notably opening north east surgery centre cost million according official data sheriff hill residents experience comparatively poor health adult population considered adults smoke compared average adults adults average life men years average women years years national average education sheriff hill board school opened church road school open pupils aged curriculum focused included subjects biblical instruction attendance compulsory scale problem prizes awards presented encourage attendance school closed replaced primary school junior school opened grant november dedication rector situated gardens road schools later merged school survives sole educational establishment sheriff hill school larger average proportion children entitled claiming free school meals average pupils key stage key stage taught subjects national curriculum achievement broadly national average school found good school praised high quality teaching generating positive caring learning environment pupils leisure recreation park sheriff highway small parks named honour daniel deputy mayor member housing committee built council housing sheriff hill park locally listed council recognition significance local community northern end sheriff highway shown quarry plantation ordnance survey maps council carried maintenance work including installation sets steps encourage residents use area sheriff hill contains public houses origin mining village population durham road low fell opened bank sheriff highway route great north road old cannon northern end sheriff highway existed medieval times present possibly earlier listed trade social hub sheriff hill 19th century miners engaged fighting races informal races pit placed open ground lane scene reception celebrate passing lord russell reform act reform meetings benefit societies subsequently held recent times hosted number niche events including international pie festival international festival old cannon locally listed council public houses sheriff hill include queens head listed trade converted bedroom property travellers rest called golden sheriff hill methodist church plays important social role community hosted sales years annual christmas held church mark start christmas sheriff hill landmarks sheriff hill designated conservation area suburb grade listed buildings church john conceived enclosure act decreed church built fell church completed august cost church neat plain gothic structure built slate grade listed principal features tower rise feet coupled natural terrain land reaches feet sea level making highest point metropolitan borough highest churches england visible miles directions making prominent landmark sea mark field house road built 19th century rubble stone welsh slate described remnant sheriff hill rural past listed january church road oldest buildings suburb built stone low slate roof intact greek columns original grounds survived intact original walls locally stone listed january additionally sheriff hill locally listed buildings methodist chapel stone cottages sheriff highway old cannon public houses houses drive elevation sheriff hill dramatic views surrounding landscape team valley west hills north transport sheriff hill situated old durham road wide busy route alignment great north road diverted low fell section old durham road traverses suburb called sheriff highway journey time town centre car bus approximately minutes approximately minutes centre newcastle nearest mainline railway station newcastle central station miles away nearest airport newcastle international airport miles away sheriff hill served bus services including continues terminates ellen estate loop network buses serving sheriff hill operated north east administration wear passenger transport executive known public services home office sheriff hill provided police nearest police station high west street statutory emergency fire rescue service provided wear fire rescue service sheriff hill served east station road low fell health provision provided queen elizabeth hospital national health service hospital administered health foundation trust area served ambulance station adjacent hospital old durham road ambulance services provided north east ambulance service public transport services wear passenger transport executive waste management local authority council provides refuse collections march sheriff hill distribution network operator electricity northern water supplies drinking water sourced reservoir responsibility waste water services