paris nice paris nice edition paris nice stage race took place march second race world tour following tour race return traditional format paris nice unorthodox course started west paris prologue time trial course moved south france stages suitable decisive race began stage summit finish col stage mountainous route race ended seven days climb col outside nice champion chose defend title early lead race taken quick step prologue kept lead stage michael took race lead time bonuses stage won team sky took race lead stage chaotic stage rainy conditions tony won took race lead unable defend lead final day time trial champion won general classification stages finished second overall simon team time place points classification won finishes stage win mountains classification won thomas won young riders classification best rider born january teams classification won team sky teams paris nice world tour event invited automatically obliged send squad professional continental teams received pre race favourites paris nice overlaps race italian race attracted main grand tour riders chris team sky team grand tour champion chose compete paris nice bradley team sky favourites race included champion team sky champion tony martin quick step world champion quick step riders considered chance victory included thomas team sky won jean van racing team andrew paris nice raced classics riders preparing spring classics especially milan san comes days later riders expected feature days included classics specialists alexander team john giant gilbert racing team like route previous edition unusual race time trials summit finishes edition race return traditional form race began prologue individual time trial near paris followed series road stages south france including summit finish race ended mountain time trial col race known race sun seen mini tour france riders need competent time capable climbing mountains key stages expected summit finish col stage concluding time trial col stages prologue march race began prologue individual time trial department prologue flat major turns riders included previous year world time trial championships bradley team sky tony martin quick step tom giant dennis racing team rider set race daniel van leader significant period time lead briefly held trek factory racing team times beaten dennis recorded time dennis held lead hour half beaten second time beat riders took yellow jersey overall leader green jersey points leader white jersey best young rider absence climbs meant dot jersey awarded stage march saint road stage race took riders entirely flat course course south saint climb day racing air day came attacked took mountains points victory intermediate sprint despite point having lead nearly minutes sat caught michael eighth place prologue took second place intermediate sprint win bonus seconds moving seconds john giant took second finishing significant teammate anthony broke away thomas team remained rest stage raced slow pace lead minutes gradually chased remaining minute lead forced acceleration lead extended remaining won final intermediate sprint thomas team sky took bonus second place seconds lead remaining caught teams finish line rider start sprint finale stage able maintain speed finished outside stage won alexander team ahead team maintained lead general points youth classifications took dot jersey mountains classification end stage tom clashed wheels riding fell shoulder receiving medical attention abandoned race suspected broken evening announced broken suffered shoulder miss spring classics season including principal targets paris tour flanders stage march saint saint second road stage route town saint route route southeast riders entered finishing circuit rode final kilometres circuit complete lap route flat climb tour came finishing circuit day formed escaped earned lead minutes riding slowly won intermediate alexander team took second place win bonus seconds john giant come won second bonus sprint took second place second sprint ahead michael chase led team minute lead tour gilbert racing team attacked climb winning point mountains classification maintaining lead competition race came approximately left race following period racing relatively calm attacks controlling pace remaining tony martin quick step attacked joined thomas team sky boom suffered dropped martin thomas boom continued attempt riders including unsuccessful attempts bridge leading group chase main led leading group caught remaining team forward sprint cycling following soon henderson penultimate man train lead brought perfect position open sprint came close able win stage took place bonus seconds taken account seconds stage march saint saint sur stage started stage ended saint took riders route finish line saint sur route started route initially heading south east turning north final stage riders entered finishing circuit rode final circuit entire lap short climb corners final kilometre stage break day formed gilbert racing team bradley team sky team attempted bridge leading pair drop able closer minutes pair ahead bob trek factory racing took place intermediate sprint mountains sprint gilbert crossed line win points lead mountains classification following repeated attacks gilbert joined thomas team gilbert won category climbs earning point lead classification remaining gilbert minute lead teams joining quick step team chasing race lead cut seconds gilbert dropped break remaining drop leading group joined fell joined riders jan group riders held gap approximately seconds chased sprint led support michael short hill finish line ideal tried failed come past final kilometre riders head able hold win despite late challenge trek factory racing thanks bonus seconds won line took overall lead race leadership points young rider classifications stage march sur col fourth stage race longest race route sur col summit finish race route hilly second category category climbs final ascent col highest point race making queen stage paris nice climb averaging sections early break formed team thomas chris earned lead minutes winning seven mountain day won points lead mountains classification dropped second category climb day came work main reduced deficit significantly drove hard split riders temporarily distanced teammates able bring main group crossed col remaining minutes lead reduced minute later summit penultimate climb day andrew suffered mechanical problems summit climb quick step continued chase caught remaining base col team sky racing team came head sky led climb dropping michael way warren giant crashed base climb eventually finished stage unable return main group pulled teammate took turn head group caused riders distanced including remaining pulled thomas team sky attacked small group leaders gained small lead joined simon team van racing team team attempted bridge looking group straight van crashed team sky covered able follow attacked caught thomas group inside final kilometre attacked thomas teammate rider able follow finished second stage finished seconds time bonuses won stage able race lead second ahead thomas seconds stage march saint fifth stage race route started saint travelled south ended course began category climb col remainder stage generally flat climbs located second half stage category second final climb stage finish final break formed category climb began day racing thomas taken lead mountains classification stage attacked joined andrew team team won mountain sprint climb climbs day group allowed minutes lead leader general classification chase led quick step team joined remaining remaining gap team sky bradley moved reduced gap racing team took pace setting dropped leading group final climb remaining lead seconds attack distanced leading chase left leading pair second lead remaining final attack dropped attempted hold solo victory unable avoid teams caught team opened sprint able come past final metres second win year finished second michael winning points green jersey finishing general classification remained unchanged stage stage march nice final road stage race route starting ending des nice route mountainous included category climbs second category climbs summit final climb came remaining riders descended nice col end descent came approximately remaining flat run finishing line large escaped early stage included riders representing variety teams team sky quick step tim best placed rider general classification virtual leader race day teammate thomas won climbs day increase lead mountains classification major attacks came remaining attacked teammates tony martin julian briefly gaining lead half minute team sky able catch climb col saint riders attacked tony following gained half minute lead sky left help thomas quick step unable continue pressure attacked sensing vulnerable near climb thomas caught group attacked left joined riders including simon team summit final climb lead thomas group struggling group descent thomas crashed separate incidents recaptured group final stage attributed crashes inflated tyres won final intermediate sprint bonus seconds ahead chasing group led able extend lead long descent won stage solo seconds ahead chasing group thomas minute losing additional seconds finish line took race lead ahead thomas seconds said stage hoped defend yellow jersey final stage time trial col difficult stay ahead stage march nice col paris nice concluded mountain time trial col course began nice average gradient climb came early stages second kilometre average gradient intermediate timing point came col des finish final summit col contested false flat time trial traditional final stage paris nice absent edition time course stage paris nice stage won team sky securing overall race victory customary time trial stages riders set reverse order ranked general classification end previous stage race held rainy conditions major news day bradley team sky won stage paris nice reigning world time trial champion start stage place overnight minutes race leader rider set quick step recorded time alexander team completed course led race briefly took lead overtaken thomas time recorded better time immediately beaten rider andrew time led world time trial champion tony martin quick step rider complete course minutes martin leader stage final riders completed course simon team general classification contenders beat martin time beat contenders overall classification thomas team sky quick step finished second place overnight rider able beat time seconds ahead intermediate time check finished stage seconds ahead final rider set race leader tony seconds ahead overnight expressed hope able defend lead overall victory immediately set nervous uncomfortable bike like riders riding conventional road bike bars attached intermediate time check seconds lost seconds second stage time meant finished 29th stage lost yellow jersey dropped sixth place overall won stage overall victory race general classification victory won paris nice fifth place stage ensure second place overall seconds victory young rider classification finished overall time place time fourth classification leadership table paris nice awarded general classification calculated adding finishing times stage time bonuses awarded finishers road stages stages stage winner won second bonus seconds second riders respectively bonus seconds awarded riders intermediate seconds winner sprint seconds rider second second rider leader general classification received yellow jersey classification considered important paris nice winner classification considered winner race second classification points classification riders awarded points finishing stage unlike points classification tour france winners stages awarded number points points won intermediate points crossing sprint line points second place leader points classification awarded green jersey mountains classification points awarded reaching climb riders climb second category points available difficult higher climbs category climbs seven riders earned points second category climbs riders won points category climbs riders earned points leadership mountains classification marked white jersey red dots fourth jersey represented young rider classification marked white jersey riders born january eligible young rider best placed general classification leader young rider classification classification teams times best team stage added leading team end race team lowest cumulative time


running cycling grand tours began ended milan june teams entered race won cycling team second respectively italians took race lead second mountain stage finishing nearly minutes ahead previous race leader race overall classification headed days participated sixth stage won sufficient time hold race leader pink jersey week race final week faced stern challenges defending champion win stage performances consistently strong remain ahead conclusion race team group appeared perform race coming away stage wins victory mountains classification fast team august mountains classification winner announced tested positive beta better known derivative competition control held union subsequently admitted named teammate supplier riders subsequently suspended april definitive positive results come light samples taken samples reportedly revealed seven tested positive drug tour france suspected having given positive tests teams teams participated included teams professional continental teams teams left teams team high road left list teams announced sport organizers list included professional continental team medical later excluded team high road later added invitation coming days event began teams took race race previews favorites featured assortment contenders overall victory defending champion faced potential kept race investigations involvement oil drugs scandal irregular test given stage resulted year suspension suspended months oil drugs cleared italian national olympic committee wrongdoing permitted start late invitation race provided potential contenders tour france winner place finisher race analysis pre race favorites considered strongest considered race biggest favorite wins recently run strong support riders sides joined time champion riders named overall contenders included franco juan odds favorite winner chose skip race better prepare tour france adding speculation feature non italian winner stages classified flat likely contested italian notably won stages race plan enter bouts hindered training later suspended sport contract team terminated result controversial case identified favorites bunch finishes offer included robert mark brown julian dean withdrawn team group day race began positive test later cleared wrongdoing remained start list replaced meaning group entered race riders instead customary route stages race began second year succession team time trial italy islands case sicily route contained stages officially deemed mountain stages seven intermediate stages contained selective climbs time trials individual team event stages classified flat sixth stage originally scheduled length shortened day run decision riders race upset lengths transfers end stage beginning afforded little rest prepare long stages del eliminated official mountain stages ended climbs stage stage stage stage earned mountain designation way del respectively highest point reached climb year stages summit arrivals stage demanding stage climbing time trial plan summit visited hoped number time trials including race day race contested end race overview started team time trial sicily pre race speculation stage result american rider wearing pink jersey time years team biggest favorites win strong american time squads victory went team leader american christian pink jersey hilly stage ahead day race lead far secure lost franco finished sufficiently ahead stage lead single second overall classification retained race lead days stages flat contested overall favorites finishing sixth stage shortened original length race second longest stage featured shook race standings riders finished nearly minutes reigning italian national road race champion assumed race lead margin second fellow member begun stage seconds ahead overall classification gaining seven seconds finish line stage intermediate sprint young italian wear pink jersey team quick step defended jersey days keeping hilly seventh eighth stages individual time trial stage flat stages eventually lost lead stage stage categorized high mountain finished eighteen minutes stage winner race lead passed stage unable hold day finishing minutes stage winner stage took lead relinquish faced repeated challenges race final week separated minute stage slightly second individual time trial time gap seconds heading final mountain stage mountain stage losing minutes chance repeat champion finished separated seconds going final stage individual time trial superior time trial skills provided difference finale finished 11th stage gained minutes winning overall taking individual stage group won stages race final week took convincing victory mountains classification leading entire race subsequent positive tests confessions use performance enhancing drugs outside cast doubt legitimacy results nearly dominant winning points classification taking stage wins finishes led classification stage second eighth won gained jersey day separate occasions able overall race lead winner youth classification taking white jersey lost overall lead holding conclusion race jersey previously passed shoulders chris morris teams repeated stage winners individual riders won multiple stages addition victories final week riders won stages stages mark stages credit systems won multiple stages stage stage figured early morning groups brakes team won stage apiece won opening team time trial rider won individual time trial brakes rider won stage morning escape took stage team veteran winner stage success achieved handful teams meaning teams achieve race nearly took race lead stage riders finish race close notable result riders finish race teams des similarly failed competitive return folded unable locate new sponsor des known wish participate declined notable riders announced tested positive banned performance enhancing drugs race concluded prominent group rider triple stage winner winner mountains classification key rider group victory teams classification announced august tested positive beta better known generation form banned blood time run test development competition control taken july days tour france come light samples sent paris analysis president pat said targeted control wasn rocket science conclude performances artificially enhanced confessed italian national olympic committee named teammate stage winner supplier tested positive italian national anti tribunal originally court arbitration sport ruled appeal suspended years double stage winner best young rider tested positive tour france subsequently expelled team scott control taken days gave positive took place tour france results race removed results stand positive tests controls taken come light claims taken drug tour speculation performances legitimate similarly confessed taking drug repeated summer including tests tour france olympic games sought samples taken october announced seven riders involving suspected total samples compared values stored anti lab switzerland identities riders tested positive revealed believed riders classification leadership different awarded general classification calculated adding finishing times stage allowing time bonuses finishers mass start stages leader received pink jersey classification considered important winner considered winner additionally points classification awarded jersey points classification got points finishing stage stage win awarded points second place awarded points fourth fifth sixth point place line single point 15th addition points won intermediate mountains classification awarded green jersey mountains classifications points won reaching mountain climb categorized second category points available higher categorized climbs highest point called stage afforded points category climbs fourth young rider classification awarded white jersey decided way general classification riders born january eligible classifications teams fast team classification times best team stage added team lowest time leading team super team team points classification placed riders stage earning points place second place single point 20th team rows following table correspond awarded stage run final standings minor classifications known classifications awarded leaders receive special jersey awards based points earned weeks tour mass start stage intermediate sprint awarding points expo classification gave bonus seconds general classification points regular points classification points expo classification award known previous years previously time based awarding blue jersey group rider won classification additional minor classifications included classification compilation points gained position crossing intermediate mountain passes stage finishes mountains classification winner took award classification based finishing order points awarded finishers stage like overall points classification won rewarded riders took head field rider escape fewer riders getting point kilometre group stays clear expo finished classification additionally teams occasion given penalty points technical avoided penalties winner fair play classification


road world championships men road race men individual road race road world championships cycling event took place august montreal canada route consisted laps circuit contained climbs totaling length belgian won race french riders finished second respectively victory men road race road world championships record addition completed triple crown cycling consists winning grand tour races men road race road world championships calendar year day racing highlighted large solo efforts french riders francis bernard attacked race second lap rode solo joined tenth lap caught twelfth shortly capture attacked rode final lap initiated chase group seventeenth lap managed catch pass seven kilometers remaining group groups riding finish took victory man sprint race route route race consisted laps totaled racing lap length circuit featured climbs including cross mount royal route race campus sports writers deemed route difficult race began local time participants race favorites race began riders different countries eighteen managed finish race reigning champion started race despite sustaining injuries fall cup week belgian team featured riders van patrick roger cycling author william believed best belgian teams race world championships believed race likely won italian belgian rider stated dark horse candidates victory particular young italian expected provide race favorite stiff competition writer charles taylor believed best spanish candidate victory recently recovered sickness injuries crashes different races taylor stated dutch contender challenge favorite race summary starting stayed intact lap took complete attack came french rider francis managed earn advantage finished second circuit increased lead conclusion lap chasing group led fourth lap gained thirty seconds gap main field reached maximum fifth lap reduced finishing sixth circuit seventh lap saw speed drop leading rider chasing allowing advantage increase laps saw gap little margin stayed minute mark eleventh lap dutch rider attacked managed seconds tenth lap ended joined eleventh circuit attacked twelfth circuit caught shortly absorption duo bernard attacked established advantage retired race kilometers following caught retired thirteenth lap attacked thirteenth lap managed time gap trailed conclusion lap fifteenth lap duo able obtain minute lead increasing advantage race lead reaching minutes field began increase tempo sixteenth lap close gap group prompted wait rode solo seventeenth lap chase group race contenders including van formed caught completion nineteenth lap chase group riders lead dropped dropped race lap penultimate circuit saw chase group led shrink members lead riders remained chase group van van dropped group caught passed final climb mount royal remaining chase group led broke groups riding split caused close left meters remaining race attacked managed open second gap crossed finish line win race result aftermath victory race rider achieve triple crown cycling consists winning grand tour races men road race road world championships calendar year won tour france grand tours world championships winning men road race allowed complete triple crown feat matched rider stephen managed complete triple crown season world title rider world champion times van final world championship victory season won grand tour february gave bike race pope paul visiting vatican city following victory told press felt lucky bernard weakened efforts road regards sprint stated feared external setback sprint lose despite missing medal stated french content results worked great reflecting race writer charles taylor stated felt race finest sensational bicycle races recent years taylor noted poor showing dutch riders citing managed finish race taylor believed dutch participants competed end tour france start world championships led having fresh legs race reported spectators men road race found disappointing performance placed seventh day suffering leg

1974 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race


leopard trek season season leopard trek began january tour ended october automatically invited send squad race world tour team formed national project boasts nation premier riders andy riders brothers team bank joined new team team built strong classic cycle races includes best classics rider season world time trial champion win race awarded points world tour consistently placed highly briefly world number rider midst classics season thanks performances brothers finishing podium team spot time team member died crashing stage leading team mass withdrawal day won stage long solo mountains wore race leader yellow jersey day andy runner tour france consecutive year brother joined podium place team won final race leopard oliver finishing team set merge american team new team management sponsors come board resultant squad continued based license meaning continuation franchise american roster ages january riders teams genesis new team reported shortly conclusion tour france andy leave team bank team ridden entirety respective careers conclusion season soon revealed new team based native led team bank staff kim brian real estate eventually revealed team owner sought advice sports fan plans form new cycling team offered position general manager team essentially combining ambitions brought giving position sporting director later revealed brother little formation team approached prospect joining tour june despite good relationship team bank manager brothers felt opportunity ride home based team good pass similar comments saying team gone forward brothers rode solid portion team came team bank riders depart team bank offseason team prominent time world time trial champion contract team bank buy way swiss rider signed team years team hired roster riders time presentation thomas joining late february title sponsor announced team went signing riders inaugural season known simply pro cycling project months existence end neared refused reveal team official opting hold team official presentation january team member inadvertently revealed interview weeks team presentation saying team called team leopard leopard center jersey trek signed bike supplier september revealed title sponsor team presentation officially making team leopard trek leopard particular meaning reflects holding company simply animal likes team presentation spectacle featuring race videos presentations rider audience people culminating riders appearing stage wearing suit jackets black posed photos shortly team presentation trek sent cycling media detailing preferences team referred prefix team teams sponsors names specified preferred verbal pronunciation referred print team appear capital letters request widely adhered released list teams graded according hierarchy decided receive world tour license team making world number existed guarantee team level license simply qualified later announced having received year world tour license intentionally incidentally corresponded initial financial guarantee team hailed license acquisition fruition months hard work afforded team automatic world tour events including season grand tours day races spring classics got team win early spring season solo caught elite rider group came clear timed attack day final climb precision stayed victory seconds team came monument race season milan san high ambitions aimed second triumph race having previously won edition recognized slipping away unmarked race final kilometers years prior difficult considered gilbert principal rival race day major selection climb crash finish hit attack times shortly end race present rider group formed decided race riders represented different teams able proper gilbert opened sprint tried come win beaten line matthew deeply disappointed finish second feeling best life adequately pay team efforts day noticeably recovering milan san effort door tried attack victory finale faded quickly finished 36th squad best placed rider 31st recovery complete series mechanical incidents resulting wheel changes bike change sped past trailing climb race left group road winning race minute second placed said impressed victory won race analysis win suggested stood odds favorite tour flanders team effectively controlled race powerless stop stated form seconds advantage race near end likely seen joked rival teams need sniper stop swiss classics specialist pedigree successes status defending champion major favorite second monument race tour flanders seemingly decisive head main field fourteenth climb day quickly opened time gap minute race decided cracked van swept elite leading group favorites contenders second acceleration climb followed nick having spent early race attacking solo working riders gain large time gap manage race riders race saying rode winning referred said manner won staying line view value eyes thought odds favorite monument classic paris aggressive hours racing kept groups going clear leading group slowly formed start sector took maximum advantage half minutes second group road gradually select group favorites tried times accelerate group bridge race juan marked moves contribute work instead simply holding wheel eventually decided superior race attacks time leaders time gap held steady seconds kilometers right time attacked leading group got free occupy position road left race likewise group favorites putting easily intensive pull follow stormed past remnants earlier exception remained victory sprint second place seconds belgian race marked claimed non cooperation riders like meant victory possible second place like victory day commented strongest single rider race squad strongest team won badly isolated teammates result rivals tactics teammates lesser form leopard trek rider finish race minutes ride entirely reward paris attained world number ranking thanks podium finishes monuments considered favorite gold race strong squad leopard trek team brought race sporting director kim stated race goal brothers commented felt free bird riding time pressure result identified gilbert main favorite race promised ride felt rivals classics race took place days 30th birthday intensifying goal brothers effectively stayed race day lost contact crashing finish left andy fend victory tactic solo attack launched tactic nearly successful younger brother occupied position road left race chase pack led gilbert overhauled point visibly spent solo effort left finale finished 11th seconds race winner gilbert stated race satisfied effort feeling going win far play victory teammates group finished positions higher stayed gilbert group certainly chance victory fast finisher gilbert solo attack correct eyes ambition victory brothers squad leaders remaining classics pre race analyses mentioned contenders races andy worked brother taking pulls main field help chase morning feel physically riding win able ride race day selections race concluding gilbert early attack held win seventh seconds brothers rode end race clear group race favorites gilbert marked stayed trio race later belgian took pulls tried solo victory shake survived finish seconds clear chase pack formed saint brother attacked finale came slight downhill leaving superior gilbert easy win fourth days despite spring classics season ending victories stated felt satisfied high team achieved particularly face gilbert clear strength additionally leopard trek number team rankings position occupied small criticism season officially existed closed team early season account podium finish inaugural berlin taking second mass sprint team sent squads brussels frankfurt city loop placed higher 11th races fall races team excellent later half season single day races attaining race entered successful run started san brothers mentioned possible pre race contenders rode sixth place day finishing chase pack solo winner gilbert second placed august continued strong neo pro season fifth place ride france finishing second best attacking riders took podium place ahead team took high world tour races canada andy intended start forced pull dental issue mentioned pre race contenders veteran german turned team performance followed eventual race winner gilbert belgian winning course penultimate climb eventually coming fourth finish seconds team rider days later late occupied position road final moments gilbert teammate surpassed leaving fifth day europe later september team achieved podium finishes grand prix grand prix finished grand prix completing podium anthony lloyd rider sprint finish narrowly missed taking solo win years losing sprint bank settling second place overall wagner led line seconds later leopard trek podium spots october rode sixth place native germany mass finish day rider won selective sprint finish beating tour france green jersey winner field including seven division teams nearly joined podium taking fourth place showed signs coming late season form finishing ninth place seconds solo winner team took places day concurrent races paris tours italian race found way winning formed morning initial caught eventually finishing day 7th place seconds winner time france rode 8th place finish racing team van team merger team announced traditional season closing weekend italy del effectively figured comprise team final races guise del day selections rider group formed mark rider break race final kilometer manage seventh final sprint team rider highlighted favorite entering pre race analyses held gilbert man beat rode race entire day riding occupy position solo leader villa climb maintained advantage alternating flat sections remaining climbs finishing climb holding victory ahead dan martin team seconds victory monument classic win single day win professional victory kind coming age post race analysis compared triumph notable race played host history team lone miss level success finished team best rider 15th place stage races team shut early season stage races victorious short individual time trial closed taking course hours race riders time world champion covered distance rider came seconds time international march time champion hopeful breaking record shares stand time champion admitted course weather suit chances slim decisive stage morning finish col said afterward slip away unmarked stay away victory chased race hard hard race suit brothers scenario exactly occurred caught summit finished day 75th place minutes stayed group road stage attack victory summit stayed away victory andy tenth minute brother elder brother held advantage flat stage individual time trial day stage race emerging overall victor found great success circuit taking wins year race italian won stage field sprint defeated sprint finish day later day stage won time trial extend overall lead time trial won professional finished minutes hilly fourth stage losing chance winning race overall rebounded claim win event reduced sprint stage wins second place meant won event points classification team rode heavy hearts tour california event competition mass withdrawal day death team member race paid tribute holding moment silence stage allowing leopard trek team lead zone organization staff riders wearing black team attain victories race 11th place best finisher neo pro took team lone win month field sprint finish final stage team proved prolific winner stage race events summer tour race special meaning team headquartered derive identity riders certain participate forthcoming tour france rode tour won prologue individual time trial finishing seconds better team time gap rider exceeded seconds second days later seized control race winning stage dropping companions rode solo win seconds ahead gave race lead retained conclusion race days later taking overall crown later month june came tour proved best prologue time trial long van seconds won longer time trial stage concluded event days later race clock performance dominant winning margin seconds time team team missed event final podium nonetheless showed strongly overall finishing andy took career relative rarity gaining noteworthy result outside tour france won jersey having taken stage later summer team won stages events winning tour austria tour solo win end finishing circuit stage tour denmark team sent squads tour tour van west paris nice tour country tour days tour california delta tour tour tour usa pro cycling challenge tour tour britain tour tour beijing achieve stage win classification win podium finish grand tours leopard trek entered limited aspirations squad leader mountains classification winner said target award instead hoped stage win said squad aim finish eighth better opening team time trial squad general classification rider unlikely finish higher 15th squad came 14th team time trial finishing riders deficit seconds winners ninth field sprint finish stage day death descent category del stage crashed suffered catastrophic injury race doctor doctor team cars near group road administered approximately minutes doctors gave adrenaline try restart heart stated fact efforts clearly vain dead time got able revive belgian declared dead spot short time later body descent taken nearby hospital conducting autopsy concluded belgian sustained skull fracture died immediately crashing death years cycling grand tours died tour france team nearest crashed stated touched small retaining wall left road pedal road collided looked exact position race wall teammate witnessed accident saying hard fall italian police conducting death took official statement portuguese rider team hotel memorial placed crash site widow mother residents nearby villages placed flowers leopard trek team remained race day encouragement family race leader david spent evening discussing members leopard trek teammate training partner best friend tyler family best pay tribute fallen rider wore number race officials said assign number future editions race day stage preceded minute silence ridden procession memory keeping convention competitive racing teams took minutes remaining leopard trek squad allowed finish arms led rest field line seconds later results stage recorded count general classification points competitions stage instead podium presentations jersey classification leaders jan appeared stage leopard trek team lead moment silence subsequently remaining leopard trek squad decided leave race want leave feeling continuing race best way honor mind teammates decision based desire attend funeral took place days death members squad served teammates members team quick step director attendance hundreds cycling fans assembled outside chapel tour france leopard trek came tour france season long expectations squad centered overall victory leader probably andy entering runner past tours france times running winner young rider classification award longer eligible brother said goal andy win tour podium remaining squad members rider squad ridden tour france previously worn yellow jersey pre race analysis speculated aim days race lead course shifted high mountains showed finale tour stage featured flat course culminating short finish attacked victory inside final kilometer gilbert quickly closed gap effectively sat abandoned attempts win finished 18th brothers managed stay race ahead major crashes end led riders samuel losing minute seconds day team time trial presented opportunity squad time reigning world time trial champion leading rode fourth place day second racing team team sky seconds lesser day winners team missed taking yellow jersey ride install fifth seventh place overall andy tenth 11th tied time giving team options going forward days later team best man finishing leading group stage winner evans brother andy chase group seconds finished second group little minutes winner ruling possibility wearing yellow jersey tour stages favored solo winner overall standings change stage group involving thomas gained sufficient time veteran new race leader brothers half minutes classification point seconds nearest true overall favorite evans remained seconds lesser andy minutes race lead took time bulk field stage remaining stage concluding climb elder brother broke free group race riders pursuit road reach finishing seconds day ride moved second place overall seconds ahead brother better evans brothers missed important stage ending descent second category col evans rode aggressive descent tactic gained solid measure time evans took seconds assume second place overall younger brother lost minute seconds veteran australian team set taking time high mountain stage ending arrival col morning providing support andy attacked group overall favorites ascent col guiding long descent poor catching surpassing remaining members morning rode extremely lengthy pull ahead remained stage finally dropped left andy free climb solo taking stage win minutes ahead rider happened brother rode clear group race riders final kilometer gaining seconds evans team tactics day appeared yellow jersey andy prior race leader retained yellow jersey margin seconds status quo evans held stage finally falling overall classification gave andy yellow jersey ahead stage individual time trial stage ending favored ahead evans characterized missing important opportunity pad lead ahead time trial evans skills superior evans stronger clock surpassed expectations long time trial tour france leading speculation second australian sufficient win tour evans rode best time trials career finishing second place seven seconds pace tony martin rider crowned world time trial champion later year andy said brother rides probably best time trials likewise respective careers match evans performance australian half minutes better taking overall lead minute half andy slipping second tour final stage traditionally ceremonial save final sprint finish time trial effectively cemented final overall standings andy took positive result saying brother proud efforts excited stand podium paris step leopard trek squad consisted wagner speculated contender sprint stages race represented opportunity form ahead world championships rider squad highlighted overall contender squad start stage team time trial crashed point finished minutes teammates squad managed day winning time finishing necessary riders seconds better defending champion squad rider crossed line making race leader red jersey said stage team pre determined cross line case advance team time trial simply turn ride finish line came said try ride overall classification hunt stage wins individual time trial respectively contested sprint finish day taking sixth christopher finished race combined stage finishes meant red jersey stage solo stage winner claimed jersey day continued placed overall standings dropped 11th place overall heading stage individual time trial squad riders finish fourth place ride disappointment finished minute seconds slower stage winner tony martin rider seen chief rival world championships time trial took sixth day tenth putting seconds race lead second place overall sixth seconds lost time stage finishing group seconds group containing race riders remained overall fell standings stage day riders finished overall positions reversed day alto del finished group lost time riders minute seconds road teammate left fifth overall seventh higher placed entire race point major mountain stage riders pace finishing 19th 31st held sixth overall result fell 12th place improved place 11th stage ahead finished minutes main field final overall positions sixth place 11th representing best finishes grand tour day race ended gave team second stage win coming home large sprint finish stage away competition merger team reports surfaced leopard trek team talks bring sponsorship management american based team reports suggested team owner dissatisfied team management aimed bring aboard team team officials leopard trek initially denied rumor refused address altogether merger confirmed sides september days remaining sought history successes tour france guiding lance armstrong seven championships later commented looked forward trying add andy list tour success stories arrival effectively ousted brian immediately left position team general manager unclear succeeded remainder offered lesser position team refused saying good fired announcing departure revealed company hold fused team license continue based essentially confirming entity extension franchise team considered defunct followed period uncertainty exactly merged team leopard trek riders contract team rules impose hard limit riders level teams meaning riders valid contracts released leopard trek riders told merger ahead time unsure status time riders looked determine places employment upcoming season situation complicated rider transfers august ben signed leopard trek away team meaning effectively joined team left new team signed riders member resulted riders departing teams incoming team formation number including riders retained leopard trek formation fused team announced new trek rules limit registry title sponsors meaning official record reactions merger widespread amid descriptions team super team analyst team bank manager claims simply looked forward defeating founder manager saw merger strictly business level having sufficient resources field team level like trek bike supplier teams money normally spend teams coupled expected reduction support electronics company simpler level team merger drew criticism sides initial press releases describing agreement perception merger newly combined entity fact lower level management ousted sponsors know ahead time drew criticism rider breakdown riders excluding death competing leopard trek team season battle places squad ensued regulations stipulated squad riders season riders left guaranteed place merged team season thirteen riders remained leopard licensed setup year contracts year contracts year contracts andy honoured oliver joined team year contracts extended deals remain team remained team despite having linked team thomas signed new year deal team remaining team robert wagner riders total seventeen riders joined leopard setup thirteen riders team riders included american national champion matthew tour california winner chris victor won tour country joining team george bennett signing professional contract ben ben king portuguese duo nelson signed team bolster efforts classic races followed lead team mates join newly formed team remaining places roster taken riders involved merging teams joined trek rival squads jan joined team bank tony left join team joined ceased exist end season riders aside thirteen members leopard trek continue merged team clarke joined champion system squad début professional continental team martin joined joined team bank riders join stuart joined new team left team joined late season joined team season tom joined project later found place roster team martin signed domestic continental team watches season victories


edition day cycling classic took place april twelfth race world tour second classics comes days gold race won days defending champion race team race took place kilometre route started ends key aspect climb crossed times race finishing line final climb race typically suits added importance second stage tour france scheduled finish riders rode race preparation despite addition additional climb late race group formed base won victory climb julian quick step second michael went win affected crashes caused withdrawal favourites race victory including gilbert racing team dan martin chris team sky teams world tour meant automatically invited obliged send team race organisers tour france professional continental teams teams team required enter maximum size riders team entered seven riders riders entered race route kilometre route began province kilometre zone route went south east saint sur reaching day climb des kilometres climb riders continued south east route turned south passed reached kilometres route turned west pass reaching kilometres roads des entirely flat climbs reaching route entered series loops riders travelled north south west north reach day second climb kilometres racing route continued north east climb kilometres race riders rode north east reach ascent climb came kilometres raced kilometres finish line followed day feed zone continued riding east far course turned south west climbed kilometres riders returned race roads repeating second penultimate ascent came kilometres kilometres remaining final loop race followed roads east south west climbed kilometres remaining climb route turned north direct route roads town riders faced slightly different route climb new edition race roads climb narrow twisting level crossing foot climb hill metres length average gradient section came came kilometres finish line followed sharp right hand turn fast descent crucial race final metre climb average gradient metre section climb gradient increases section comes metres bend climb gradient past races won attacks point finish line came climb pre race favourites recent editions race decided attacks addition added unknown factor race considered likely previous years group riders break away penultimate climb hold advantage finish line won strongest favourite race victory team defending champion won race shown good form coming second gold race quick step expected advantage steep climb favourites victory winners entered race gilbert racing team won race team won daniel team won suited steep final climb riders considered chance victory included dan martin team sky stage tour france scheduled finish exactly roads riders aiming success rode preparation included chris team sky team race report early stages formed kilometres racing seven riders break thomas mike team initially built minute lead leading group climbs main led principally team major action race occurred riders approached ascent dan martin favourites race touched wheels riders crashed martin returned bike chased help teammates later withdrew hit head crash wished recover ahead following weekend riders caught delayed including chris ascent lead cut minutes riders left team sky came peter riding bunch reduced gap minutes dropped leading group second climb joined quick step race returned final loops crash followed climb crash caused riders road narrower parked cars significant rider caught crash gilbert bob trek factory racing gilbert got slowly shorts jersey ripped abandoned shortly significant crash came kilometres remaining took team sky ben king anthony ended stuck ditch time injured crash happened shortly involving penultimate climb split remained lead seconds ahead attacked climb joined soon quick step led chase van attacked col soon dropped helped teammate louis bridge van van combined briefly unable catch leading pair caught kilometres remaining race finale continued lead seconds lead kilometres left point crash occurred included cycling riders samuel team chris suffered cuts left blood visible shorts continued end race reached finish line place minutes leaders headed penultimate climb team attacked unable build lead tony martin leading behalf climb attacked build gap group bring closer soon tim attacked catching passing leading pair attempted follow unable join recaptured pack soon second lead foot final climb led ascent stayed climb rider escaping steep sections final metres came group wound pace gradually sight line took race victory significant gap riders julian quick step finished second place michael result race reactions race described incredibly boring race cycling weekly said dangerous crashes happening nervous race remember race victory bringing level described great honour aim race win victory succeeded said race intending sprint end race team plan set started shouted radio said briefly thought going win sprint second place finish important result career far said time performance help pleased place better team expected race matt white expected strong addition extra climb described race lot said strongest guys kinds finishes consequences high number crashes race number injuries prominent riders included dan martin left neck martin described suffering feeling intended start gilbert likewise described crash best preparation planned trip help recovery chris suffer significant injuries plan start went instead reconnaissance stage tour france scheduled race following week tour world tour rankings riders finished awarded points world tour rankings race winner won points won points tenth place finish moved eighth second place rankings points left points leader ranking moved rankings sixteenth ninth place spain remained second place nations rankings point australia colombia moving ahead netherlands place france returning quick step retained lead teams rankings


tour france tour france 100th edition tour france cycling grand tours started island june finished paris july tour consisted race stages covered total distance race won chris team sky second respectively team team rider rider wear race leader yellow jersey winning stage lost lead day jan leopard managed obtain second lead late solo attack simon gained race lead team won stage team time trial passed lead teammate fifth stage took lead eighth stage classified mountainous maintained lead remainder race consolidating lead solid performances individual time trials high mountains second consecutive british win tour france bradley accomplished feat year race classifications team rider won mountains classification finished best young rider general classification finishing second place overall peter team winner points classification finishing winners team classification given award rider teams teams participated edition tour france nineteen entitled obliged enter race april tour sport organisation announced second tier professional continental teams given french based presentation teams took place harbour island june days opening stage held town team arrived boat stage introduced crowd number riders allowed squad start list contained total riders riders began edition completed race riders came countries france spain italy netherlands australia belgium germany riders race average age riders year old van youngest rider year old leopard senior youngest team oldest teams entering race pre race favourites run tour france chris considered pre race favourite general classification closest rivals thought team possible contender getting tour podium focused riders considered outsiders racing team riders evans van team sky van den sharp robert pro cycling team riders tour france winner bradley team sky focused retired early illness subsequently pulling illness injury left insufficient time train tour france chose ride left runner undisputed leader team sky shown form far season winning stage races rode tour international tour time tour winner returned race having suspended race won best major result season second podium finishes winning world tour major stage races season considered favourites points classification wins bunch sprint finishes mark quick step peter matthew riders john won points shown form thirteen wins season previous year tour won points classification won tour month preceding tour team manager sergeant claimed best sprint train came tour wins season including tour victory season team strong experienced riders arrive team dedicated accumulated wins season teammate won stages thought likely stages route stages november announced host edition grand tour opening stages time tour visited island route race unveiled october des paris tour completed entirely french soil included new start finish locations grand consisted stages chartered mega house members organisation media work tour host press conferences riders stayed hotels town opening stage left ended stages ending respectively race moved mainland france nice stages formed stage journey westwards finishing ski resort stage took place saint riders took air transfer north west country stage finished port city saint finishing saint island normandy following stages crossed center country south east finishing atop stages took place alps second air transfer took tour finish stage paris stages race covering total kilometres shorter tour longest race stage fourth stage shortest featured final set stages described journalist william brutal including alpine stages week hard time trial 100th edition race edition featured famous climbs history race including summit finishes stage stage included double ascent time tour featured double climb scale flat stages hilly stages seven mountain stages summit finishes individual time trial stages team time trial stage final stage ending evening finish time rest days stage saint race overview stage team bus stuck finishing arch main group away race officials moved finish marker closed bus freed decision reversed took victory bunch sprint putting race leader yellow jersey leader points classification juan taking dot jersey leader mountains classification crashes occurred stage remaining second final kilometers included contender stage mark second stage leopard jan launched attack group final kilometer win second ahead yellow jersey switched team claimed dot simon won stage final bunch sprint peter took points classification won stage team time trial nice putting yellow jersey quick step came second place second team sky fifth sixth stages ended bunch respectively stage south african rider wear yellow jersey teammate ensured holding finish allowing second overall time necessary replace general classification claimed seventh stage bunch sprint rider talking dot jersey stage tour mountain stage ended attacked select rider group included passed lone leader remaining took stage win seconds ahead teammate seventeen finished minute seconds victory win lead general mountains classifications ahead ninth stage managed subdue attacks rivals team efforts left isolated majority stage descent mountain pass group riders came finish dan martin sharp beat sprint seconds ahead group lost eighteen minutes dropping second overall thirty moving second took dot jersey day rest day tour took second stage tour win bunch sprint tenth stage second stage individual time trial saint taken quick step tony martin came second deficit seconds minutes ahead second placed overall extending lead minutes flat stages ending bunch followed stage won ahead came win stage saw suffer tyre lose minutes struggling match pace set quick step team head race stage fourteen taken quick step large held stage finishing saw leading contenders exception dropped early final climb moved away caught attacked earlier climb pair worked time rivals attacked remaining finish gave lead minutes fourteen seconds second place seconds regained lead mountains classification following day tour second rest day sixteenth stage saw rider reach final climb col attacked descended finish gap won stage seventeen time trial finishing course minutes seconds coming seconds second place moved second overall minutes thirty seconds teammate roman tour queen stage eighteenth early riders van lead second ascent van attacked early slopes opening margin seconds second climb passed remaining took stage win seconds came fourth fifth respectively minutes came minute aforementioned pair seconds went team car retrieved energy water bottle outside designated zone extended lead thirty seven seconds repeated feat stages previous taking victory stage nineteen attacking final climb col finish grand major changes head general classification stage penultimate stage saw leaders general classification head race remaining final climb attacked rider able bridge pair pulling away managing hold eighteen seconds stage win came seventh minutes dropping fourth overall moving double points gained win secured mountains classification final stage won fourth stage win race finished race claim tour france second british rider win race beat second placed minutes seconds seconds won second consecutive points classification total ahead second placed second mountains classification best young rider followed andrew sharp quick step respectively finished winners team classification minutes seconds ahead second placed classification leadership main individual classifications contested tour france team competition important general classification calculated adding rider finishing times stage rider accumulated time race leader identified yellow jersey winner classification considered winner tour crash happened final stage including time trials summit finishes riders involved received time group crash occurred time bonuses given edition tour points classification leader identified green jersey riders received points finishing highest placed stage finish intermediate stage points available stage finish determined ranking scale changes mountains classification points awarded riders reached difficult climbs english category second fourth category points available higher categorized climbs overall leader wore dot jersey double points awarded summit finishes stages young rider classification denoted white jersey calculated way general classification classification restricted riders born january team classification calculated finishing times best riders team stage team time trial leading team team lowest cumulative time number stage victories team determined outcome tie riders team lead classification identified yellow number yellow helmets addition award given stage rider considered jury greatest effort demonstrated best qualities winner wore red number following stage conclusion tour won overall super award total awarded cash prizes race overall winner general classification received second placed riders getting respectively finishers race awarded money holders classifications benefited stage lead final winners points mountains given best young rider rider got team prizes available team time trial winners team classification special award prize given rider pass summit highest climb tour port stage final standings world tour rankings race eighteenth events world tour riders competing individually points contributed rankings points awarded finishers general classification finishers stage points chris lead individual ranking peter dropping second team sky retained lead team ranking ahead team spain remained leaders nations ranking great_britain second


lord howe island lord howe island local lord howe island irregularly crescent shaped volcanic remnant sea australia new_zealand kilometres directly east mainland port kilometres south west norfolk island long wide area km2 km2 comprises low lying developed island west_coast sandy semi enclosed sheltered coral reef population lives north south dominated forested hills rising highest point island mount lord howe island group comprises islands rocks apart lord howe island notable volcanic ball pyramid kilometres south east howe north lies admiralty group cluster seven small islands reported sighting lord howe island took place february lieutenant henry ball commander armed tender hms supply route bay found settlement norfolk island return journey ball sent party ashore lord howe island claim british possession subsequently port industry permanently settled june declined 1880s saw beginning worldwide export endemic remains key component island economy continuing industry tourism began world war ended lord howe island group state new_south_wales legal purposes regarded unincorporated area administered lord howe island board reports new_south_wales minister environment heritage island standard time zone utc utc daylight saving time applies currency australian dollar commuter provide flights sydney brisbane port records lord howe island group world heritage site global natural significance island virtually untouched forest plants animals found world natural attractions include diversity landscapes variety upper mantle oceanic world southernmost barrier coral reef nesting rich historical cultural heritage lord howe island act established permanent park preserve covering cent island surrounding waters protected region designated lord howe island marine park history european visits appears prior european discovery settlement lord howe island unknown peoples south pacific reported european sighting lord howe island february lieutenant henry ball commander armed tender hms supply oldest smallest fleet ships way bay cargo male female found settlement norfolk island return journey march ball observed ball pyramid sent party ashore lord howe island claim british possession numerous turtles birds captured returned sydney ball named mount balls pyramid main island richard howe earl howe lord admiralty time names island date time year island visited ships fleet hms supply charlotte lady plant animal life recorded journals diaries visitors like david master supply arthur surgeon lady sketches native birds including lord howe white lord howe artists including george john hunter birds soon hunted extinction paintings remaining record years supply returned island times search turtles island visited ships second fleets pacific whale industry born british american ships chasing sperm equator gilbert archipelago south australian new_zealand waters american fleet numbered ships lord howe located region known middle ground noted sperm southern right island subsequently visited government ships sailing new_south_wales norfolk island pacific including american fleet reputation port preceded settlement ships leaving goats pigs island food future visitors july october fleet ships arrived sydney days reconstructed future lucrative industry whale oil new holland australia profitable export 1830s industry shaped lord howe island early history settlement permanent settlement lord howe established june british barque caroline sailing new_zealand commanded captain john landed known beach left men george james bishop unknown employed sydney firm establish supply station men initially provide meat fishing raising pigs goats feral stock landed acquired visiting ship wives boys built area known old settlement supply fresh water garden established west beach society settlers stores water wood vegetables meat fish bird feathers clothes tea sugar tools tobacco available island accepted settlers eventually left island bought september businessmen owen richard later joined john employees settled island trading provisions new business advertised ships trading sydney new island bride small cutter regular trading vessel ships landfall year occasionally closer seven time laying reef children born island bitter failing obtain land lease new_south_wales government abandoned settlement employees remained family finding beach cultivated lord howe red popular southern hemisphere years crop attacked disease people living island long island farms expanded 1850s gold discovered mainland australia crews abandon ships preferring dig gold risk life sea consequence vessels avoided mainland lord howe island experienced increasing trade peaked people living island vegetable crops included potatoes coffee aborted proposals government establish settlement island henry captain hms herald scientific expedition southwest pacific completed island survey board scottish william botanist edinburgh garden john naturalist collected fish plant specimens assistant surgeon zoologist men established basic information geology flora fauna island settlers arrived american barque captained george campbell died jack brian left island thompson brought women called girl named gilbert islands wife died married thompson resident build substantial house 1860s mainland cedar washed beach residents island ancestors blood relations connected marriage thompson second wife island officially designated new_south_wales constitution act scientific expeditions early 1860s declined rapidly increasing use petroleum onset american_civil_war unfortunate consequences island explore alternative means income thompson purchased local vessel trade sydney mainly pigs anchored deep water hole old settlement beach eventually lost sea added island time island visited magistrate aboard investigating possible murder accompanied charles moore director gardens sydney assistant william plant specimens ferdinand gardens melbourne published species ship william surveyor masters australian museum surveyed island findings published population listed people houses built split palm roof sides palm leaves time began trade demise industry months passed vessel calling provisions rotting older families lost interest market ships collected provisions fewer dozen prompted activity mainland government report island submitted surveyor william based visit year suggested coffee grown palm catching world attention island declared forest reserve captain richard armstrong resident government administrator encouraged schools tree planting palm trade north passage built roads managed upset residents john wilson sent mainland april investigate situation wilson team scientists included mines department survey department sydney botanical gardens australian museum government printing office took earliest known photographs island residents account island appeared report visit published lord howe island recommended armstrong replaced population increased considerably included children report recommended appointed study sealed lasting relationship scientific organisations australian museum sydney royal gardens royal gardens company burns started regular shipping service number tourists gradually increased regular tourist run tourism second biggest source external income palm sales europe replaced turn vessels service continues present day island trader service port palm trade began 1880s lowland palm exported britain europe america trade placed firm financial lord howe island palm nursery formed plane appear island francis converted damaged overnight storm repaired assistance took successfully weeks later flight sydney world war tourists arrived engined flying boats flying boat services operating rose bay sydney landing journey taking hours lord howe island airport completed eventually replaced twin engined turbo prop dash aircraft 21st century royal_navy destroyer hms nottingham struck wolf rock reef lord howe island sank recent times tourism increased government new_south_wales increasingly involved issues conservation october supply ship island trader tons fuel ran aground ship refloated high tide loss crew cargo demographics census resident population people number tourists allowed exceed early settlers european american offspring remained island generations residents involved palm industry tourism retail fishing farming observed sundays suspension games labour religious services area known locally church anglican catholic churches religious island anglican religion catholic seventh day equal division sexes population age group holding australian citizenship governance land tenure official control lord howe island lay initially british crown passed new_south_wales lived relatively self regulating community richard armstrong appointed administrator parliament declared island forest reserve result ill feeling eventually removed office returned later year view transit venus present day transit hill removal island administered successive sydney based board formed resident superintendent appointed man lord howe island board control established regulate palm seed industry affairs island sydney present lord howe island board set lord howe island board statutory authority established lord howe island act administer island state new_south_wales reports directly state minister environment heritage responsible care control management island duties include protection world heritage values control development administration crown land including island protected area provision community services infrastructure regulating sustainable tourism lord howe island amendment act gave administrative power members member board board manages lord howe island palm nursery tourism provides island sources external income amendment bill board comprises seven members elected community giving permanent residents high level autonomy remaining members appointed minister represent interests business tourism conservation board meets island months day day affairs island managed board administration permanent staff increased people land tenure issue settlement island residents repeatedly requested title absolute gift cultivated land original settlers granting acre lease richard armstrong drew complaints short term granted appointment board control revoked board given occupancy island lord howe island act land property crown direct descendants granted perpetual blocks acres residential purposes short term special granted larger areas agriculture perpetual special granted amendment act extended political land rights residents years remains active debate concerning proportion residents tenure degree influence board resident relation long term planning visitors issues relating environment global heritage economy trading vegetables meat fish visiting ships ceased 1870s industry collapsed small population lord howe island economy extremely simple external income derived significant sources tourism overseas sale palm seeds palm industry palm seeds king mountain guide surveys sent seed sydney gardens overseas trade began 1880s found endemic island palm grows naturally suited fashionable britain europe united_states assistance mainland magistrate frank needed business sound commercial director company lord howe island palm nursery shareholders included sydney based seed company formation lord howe island board control needed resolve outstanding issues native palm known locally palm houses early settlers popular decorative palm world mild climate island evolved palm tolerate low light dry atmosphere temperatures ideal indoor conditions 1980s sold seed onwards high quality nursery received certification high quality management requirements australian standard seed gathered natural forest plantations collectors descendants original settlers seed soil media sealed atmosphere prevent contamination testing picked washed bare rooted certified packed sealed containers export grow indoors popular hotels world wide nursery profits returned enhance island ecosystem nursery plans expand business include palm native plants special interest tourism lord howe island known geology birds plants marine life popular tourist activities include diving fishing relieve pressure small island environment tourists permitted time island reached plane sydney brisbane hours permanent park preserve declared similar management guidelines national park facilities fewer people island time facilities limited include butcher general store liquor store restaurants post office museum information centre police officer ranger bowling club stores shipped island island trader port small bed hospital small garden displays labelled local plants grounds diesel generated power mainland public transport mobile phone coverage public facilities internet access local radio station newsletter signal tourist accommodation ranges luxury apartments villa units currency australian dollar banks camping facilities island remote area camping permitted protect fragile environment balls pyramid carries remaining wild population endangered howe island stick insect recreational climbing prohibited pets allowed permission board use supplemented bore water showers washing clothes activities distances sites interest short cycling main means transport island tourist activities include golf hole lawn tennis fishing including deep sea game fishing boat trips including glass tours swimming diving popular tenth june island small rocky admiralty group underwater plateau drops metres reveal extensive black growing vertical walls diving sites found ball pyramid away trenches caves volcanic drop offs natural history tours talks guided walks place tracks challenging hour guided mount beaches hand feeding metre long large beach popular walking tracks cover island difficulty graded include north transit hill hours return clear place hours return stevens reserve north bay hours return mount old minutes return hill hours hours return south goat house cave hours return mount hours return rocky run boat harbour intermediate hill minutes return little island minutes return recreational obtain permission lord howe island board geography lord howe island irregularly crescent shaped volcanic remnant southwest pacific_ocean lying sea australia new_zealand island kilometres east mainland port kilometres northeast sydney kilometres norfolk island northeast island long wide area km2 west_coast semi enclosed sheltered coral reef white sand accessible island beaches north south sections island high ground relatively untouched forest south comprising volcanic mountains mount mount rising highest point island mountains separated saddle head valley north population live high points mount area cleared lowland farming housing lord howe island group islands comprises islands rocks apart lord howe island notable pointed rocky ball pyramid metre high eroded volcano south east bird contains known wild population lord howe island stick insect thought extinct north admiralty group cluster seven small islands east_coast bird island rabbit island geological origins lord howe island highly eroded remains million year old shield volcano product lasted half million years chain islands occur western rim shelf lord howe rise long wide extending new_zealand west new consisting continental rocks separated australian plate million years ago form new crust deep basin shelf nearly half size australia gradually submerged breaking away lord howe chain defined coral capped stretching north island including kilometres elizabeth kilometres away reefs elizabeth reefs marine national park reserve chain volcanic peaks probably produced northward movement australian plate stationary oldest formed northerly plate moved northward rate year plate periods volcanic activity produced major features island million years ago produced northern central hills younger highly eroded mount mount produced million years ago successive rock lava flows filled large volcanic crater seen horizontal strata mountain cliffs mount occasionally interspersed vertical lava geological remnants volcanic eruption seen island oldest rocks occur boat harbour ash angular blocks rounded bombs offshore lord howe rise water depths reach falling west rise dimensions rock island stands calculated island eroded original size rocks land foot mountains coral sand blown inland pleistocene years ago cemented layers water rock fossils bird bones eggs land marine extinct endemic turtle thought ancient non swimming relatives south_america crescent island protects coral reef barrier reef southerly world beach sands consisting grains derived granite mainland fragments shell coral algae grains minerals like black green lowland consists soils island continues rapidly expected fully submerged years taking appearance akin elizabeth reefs climate lord howe island subtropical climate climate classification lord howe island humid subtropical climate general summers mild warm rainfall erratic occasionally heavy winter cool rainfall uniform gradual transition summer winter conditions vice versa winds frequent salt laden moderate summer fresh strong winter july month winter months subject frequent strong winds island clear days annually storms occasional cyclones affect island rainfall records maintained north rainfall frequently cloud mountains south wide variation rainfall year year july august months average minimum temperatures frost average maximum temperatures range winter summer humidity averages range year round noticeable warmer summer days cooler winter months flora fauna plants lord howe island distinct terrestrial known lord howe island subtropical forests shares australia new_guinea new half island native plants endemic island unique plants grow mountain height allowed development true cloud forest different best known endemic genus commonly known handsome annual exports provide revenue million providing major industry island apart tourism origin geological terms million years old lord howe island relatively young continent flora fauna island sea carried wind water birds possibly assisted geological time islands exposed enabling island far away sufficient time evolve endemic species high degree emphasised presence endemic genera island plants similar norfolk island islands sharing endemic species example critically endangered species vine combined flora islands closely related new_zealand new australia small clear link plants closest mainland vegetation subtropical south eastern queensland link indicated presence endemic species like wedding lily living relatives occur south_africa flora island relatively untouched large number rare plants endemic island diversity conditions ranging valleys ridges plains mountain tops habitat wide range plant communities analysed mapped species endemic abundant moist environments southern island especially higher parts mount apparent endemic tree genus occur southern mountains communities special plants plant communities classified categories lowland subtropical cloud forest lowland swamp forest coastal cliff vegetation inland offshore island vegetation shoreline beach vegetation disturbed vegetation plants immediately evident visitor remarkable tree trunk aerial roots seen track clear place near beach tree spectacular like prop roots like fruits orange red mature tough leaves occurs damp areas like creek beds fine specimens seen boat harbour track species island noticeable bush lowland trees rocks bearing cream flowers august september prominent flowering plants summer include mountain slopes red flowers mountain rose small yellow flowers orange flowers tree white spikes tree bush large heart shaped leaves heavy rain endemic glowing mushrooms found palm forests signature plants island especially dominate landscape places special economic importance species endemic island occurring dense pure stands proved world wide success indoor plant palm lowland palm seed branches hands palm occurs slightly higher ground directed solitary hands natural hybrids species occur island mature specimen growing island nursery mountain sides higher big mountain palm large golf ball sized fruits little mountain palm marble sized fruits found mountain images native flora animals snakes insects animals plants dangerous daytime sharks beaches birds total different birds recorded island eighteen species land birds breed island migratory species occur island adjacent possible humans close island identified international endemic bird area permanent park preserve important bird area supports entire population lord howe breeding population providence world population species populations endemic subspecies fourteen species breed island red tailed seen large numbers cliffs perform rituals august thousands flesh wedge tailed return island dusk day little island track march november world birds providence performs courtship displays winter breeding extremely island breeding location years breeding colony norfolk island late 19th century small population adjacent island discovered breeding mount roy bell collecting specimens gregory black winged confirmed numbers increased following elimination feral cats island flesh breeds large numbers main island spring autumn chicks harvested food wedge tailed little breed main island surrounding small number species found main island breeding white storm discovery roy bell masked largest breeding lord howe seen nesting sea cliffs bird point year round seen main island middle beaches north bay beach numerous island breeding eggs harvested food common black build nests trees bushes white lay single eggs slight depression tree branch grey lay eggs cliff endemic subspecies lord howe golden lord howe lord howe iconic endemic rail lord howe surviving member genus ancestors fly predators plenty food island ability lost easy prey feral animals 1970s population birds feral animals removed birds raised captivity successfully reintroduced wild population relatively safe stable mammals reptiles amphibians native remains islands large forest bat endemic lord howe long bat known skull presumed extinct possibly result introduction ship rats terrestrial reptiles native island group lord howe island lord howe island rare main island common smaller islands offshore garden tree frog accidentally introduced australian mainland invertebrates lord howe island stick insect disappeared main island soon introduction rats tiny population discovered single slopes ball pyramid successfully bred captivity nearing introduction main island lord howe beetle colourful endemic beetle seen summer months endemic lord howe lord howe affected introduction rats common species endangered captive breeding program way save extinction marine life marine environments near temperate subtropical tropical species derived cool temperate ocean currents winter warm east australian current flows great barrier reef summer fish species recorded endemic tropical main fish new_zealand game fish include giant called species coral occur reefs surrounding islands australian underwater photographer photographed lord howe island species inhabit migrate waters vicinity little biology area known lack studies sighting efforts caused conditions commonly observed species confirmed seasonal yearly residents species observed large showing slow steady numbers annually migrating island lord howe smaller migrating australian continent historically migratory blue fin abundant island waters severely reduced numbers near extinction commercial illegal hunts including mass illegal hunts soviet_union japan 1960s 1970s southern right sperm severely hunted area called middle ground likely seasonal residents island right prefer sheltered shallow bays sperm mainly inhabit deep waters conservation percent lord howe island forests cleared agriculture percent disturbed domestic cattle feral sheep goats pigs result island remains relatively untouched variety plants animals endemic rare threatened species plants terrestrial birds bat invertebrates extinct generic level includes woody tree worm genera shrimp bug cricket lord howe island board instigated extensive biological environmental survey published guided island conservation program lord howe island amendment act proclaimed permanent park preserve north south ends island administration preserve outlined management plan sustainable development island prepared national parks wildlife service ranger stationed island island cited world heritage list offshore environmental assets protected lord howe island marine park consists state marine park managed marine parks authority new_south_wales waters nautical miles island including ball pyramid includes commonwealth marine park extending nautical miles managed federal department environment heritage total marine park covers square kilometres feral animals plants pigs goats released island potential food early 1800s goats destroying shrubs grasses nesting sites pigs eating eggs chicks disturbing land food birds extinct island arrival humans round included lord howe white white red crowned eliminated visitors settlers nineteenth century food protection crops black rats released ships 1840s mice norfolk island black rat accidentally introduced ran aground beach triggered second wave including robust white eye lord howe lord howe lord howe destruction native palm fruits offered rat pig tails popular pursuit subsequent poisoning programs kept populations low lord howe extinct predation competition masked introduced 1920s failed attempt control rat population stray dogs threat harm native wood birds invasive plants lily occur inaccessible areas probably currently managed action taken control spread introduced plants island chiefly ground cherry vine followed tours formation friends lord howe island group programs started remove private properties cultivated areas environmental unit created board includes flora management officer permanent officer mapped program place supported improved education procedures despite large number introduced species harm lord howe native flora fauna feral pigs cats early 2000s goat population reduced animals ongoing efforts control introduced plants july announced australian federal environment minister tony new_south_wales environment minister parker australian governments contribute estimated million cost implementing plan island aerial deployment poison plan local vote considered controversial recovery program restored lord howe numbers close carrying capacity climate change according analysis tim ecosystem lord howe island threatened climate change global warming reefs risk rises water temperature great barrier reef specifically identified risk effects global warming australia analysis applies reefs lord howe island cool climate flora fauna risk rises temperature limited scope migration higher altitudes international conference global artificial climate change solution occurred lord howe island papers published australian journal chemistry fiction rendezvous novel tom ferry isbn virus sci horror film titular computer virus sets course lord howe island seize british intelligence facility control world military


south_australia seaside suburb adelaide south_australia small number houses population single connecting road rest adelaide road enters suburb residential area surrounded salt manufacture ash inhabited section suburb occupies hectares remainder salt settlement ponds nearby sewage treatment works originally seaside town named john harvey founder nearby salisbury reminded outer scotland similar abundance internationally recognised bird watching area species birds feeding salt beds suburb home number tourist attractions including adventure playground museum forest walk abundance history suburb originally low lying islands covered shell surrounded swamps fishermen established islands recorded area surveyed thomas evans 1890s people visiting islands attracted supposed properties mud beach bathing fishing crabs proclaimed town july sales day west district council area moving district salisbury july west area islands extensively modified floods cut rest adelaide salisbury council began building area expanding additional land dumping earth hotel built limestone east elizabeth opened lucas remains suburb hotel school opened october museum sited admitting students november year school closed finally closed permanently students moving salisbury north primary school building eventually virginia primary school telegraph office opened shell street suburb melbourne having post office service requested changed local objections changed word tide comes reversed local protests telegraph office opened upgraded post office renamed saint closed population large non permanent residents counted census including permanent total residents increasing features adventure playground adventure playground covers hectares south_australia best known playground constructed wooden castle huge spiral slide inside hill flying numerous pieces play equipment south australian children naming best adventure park state park conceived lions club salisbury funded club fundraising activities council matching funding government employment schemes providing free labour opened salisbury mayor ron white october recent upgrades park including shaded set equipment shaped like submarine younger children building small maze boat club marina extensive marina floating boats boat ramps sheltered channel inlet gulf vincent recently expanded marina hard stands boats slipping facilities boat club founded association incorporated permission gained council landowners develop tidal creek area lacked boat launching facilities creek straightened deepened repeatedly originally hand causeway extended sea protect channel new opened arnold latest boat ramp mayor salisbury tony large constructed surround road suburb imperial chemical industries began construction solar workers dig hand expanded world war stretch broken chain dry creek port alongside inlet approximately kilometres north south kilometres east west filled spring salt normally harvested autumn saturated solution peninsula products ash production facility australia bird life recognised bird sanctuary status important breeding feeding area species far away alaska operated salt limited tonnes salt creating ash process trail centre adjacent forest bordering inlet largest tidal estuary gulf vincent late 19th century constructed effort reclaim land construction banks adjacent maintenance ceased began reclaim beginning forms loop flats reaching border ocean forest constructed city salisbury encourage appreciation ecological importance april south australian premier dean brown federal chris opened centre entrance showcases flora fauna processes forest trail privately managed hosting school visits casual visitors inlet aquatic reserve taking crabs plants prohibited pets allowed adjacent form habitat bird species nursery area commercial recreational fish species gulf vincent adelaide sanctuary act established sanctuary live inlet adjacent port river sanctuary northern extent boat channel seen high tide tidal creeks passing museum adelaide extensive system beginning horse moving electric reduced single line ran adelaide central business district built site school adelaide museum showcases built adelaide museum operated australian electric transport museum inc profit volunteer organisation history trust south_australia dedicated preserving restoring adelaide transport vehicles museum houses electric horse electric buses restored operational visitors ride electric purpose built track runs museum adventure playground work commenced arrival donated vehicles old bus municipal trust museum opened static display workshops built enable restoration old operating condition large additional museum building completed house increasing number donated operator salt donated land run main road museum sea funding obtained state unemployment relief scheme opened trials officially opened harry mayor salisbury frank minister lands coincide centenary opening ceremonies housed museum adelaide electric trial run november operated museum collection continues expand adelaide latest acquisition spending years peninsula stored possibly restored museum behalf sydney museum flora fauna flora found coastline consist single species marina var upper zone reduced size way variety species including zone bush grows highest parts abundant summer fruits provide food source birds fauna nursery area commercially important fish crustaceans south australian including king george western king blue swimmer crabs brown snakes dense bushes year late summer thousands black ducks descend area inland waterways inhabit dry common year round feed fairy feed insects plants september arrive northern hemisphere spectacular display abundance area attracts birds prey swamp black little seen skies salt wetlands recognised important areas migratory birds coverage china australia japan australia migratory bird agreements agreements treaties created protection birds environment geography flat low lying suburb metres sea level dominated salt managed salt treatment ponds water nearby sewage works ponds surrounding land generally closed public transport road access road connects port road corner driven salisbury approximately minutes adelaide minutes scheduled bus services nearest public transport bus route passes port road kilometres outside suburb boundary weather adelaide mediterranean climate slightly adelaide average summer daytime temperatures expected exceed days year conversely nighttime temperatures winter expected drop day generally season mild moderate rainfall