pronunciation town borough west sussex england miles south cross london miles north brighton miles northeast county town covers area square miles km2 population time census area inhabited stone age centre roman times developed slowly market town 13th century serving surrounding villages location main road london brighton brought passing trade encouraging development coaching connected london railway airport britain busiest international airports opened edge town 1940s encouraging commercial industrial growth second world war british government planned large numbers people jobs london new towns south east england new towns act designated site master plan developed establishment new residential commercial industrial civic areas rapid development greatly increased size population town decades town comprises thirteen residential core old market town separated main roads railway lines nearby communities pound hill bridges absorbed new town different stages development expansion planned west northwest town operation district council economically town developed main centre industry employment london south coast england large industrial area supports industries services connected airport commercial retail sectors continue expand history origins area settled period locally manufactured culture type found southwest town tools burial period burial sword bronze age discovered western edge high produced iron years iron age onwards park recreational area south town site late iron age mineral extraction continued roman times particularly area built 5th century saxon settlers named area crow meaning crow infested clearing crow wood evolved time present spelling appeared early 14th century time nearby settlements established saxon church worth example dates mentioned book nearby settlements worth recorded written record dates licence issued king john weekly market grew slowly importance centuries boosted 18th century construction road london brighton completed travel newly fashionable seaside resort london safer quicker located approximately halfway prospered coaching halt offered hourly service destinations george timber framed house dating 15th century expanded large coaching inn taking adjacent buildings eventually built middle wide high street survived 1930s original building george hotel conference facilities retains period features including iron oldest church john baptist high street broadway said 13th century origins rebuilding especially 19th century oldest remaining south wall nave believed 14th century church 15th century tower rebuilt originally contained bells cast replaced thomas london new set bells cast installed based firm bland company railway age victorian era brighton main line railway line serve area station opened bridges originally known east summer railway station southern end high street built branch opened bridges line built eastwards bridges east bridges hub transport area stage quarter population employed railway jobs mainly london brighton south coast railway railway works near station company south east england largest building firms late 19th century responsible buildings including christ hospital school king edward vii moved site station people employed site major expansion late 19th century area known new town unrelated postwar developments created railway level crossing brighton road west green area west high street way built housing spread south line time population reached compared century earlier opened farmland built replace course near surrey flat racing held grand national years world war course railway station brighton main line early 20th century large country estates area associated grounds split smaller plots land attracting housing development small farms outbreak world war grown small prosperous town serving wide rural area passing london brighton road quarters population water supplies businesses homes electricity gas street lighting place years airfield opened land near private concern second world war claimed royal_air_force new town new towns act identified suitable location new town officially designated january acres land set aside new town split county borders east sussex west sussex surrey architect thomas bennett appointed chairman development corporation court challenge designation order meant plans officially confirmed december time initial plan development area drawn anthony proposed filling gaps villages bridges bennett estimated planning designing building town increasing population existing years work began immediately prepare expansion town master plan place envisaged increase population town residential properties town centre separate industrial area north consist mainly bedroom family homes number smaller larger properties built centre shops church public house primary school community centre secondary education provided campuses green bridges later fourth campus added plans little development took place town centre residents relied shops services existing high street earliest progress west green new residents moved late 1940s town visited heir throne princess elizabeth officially opened manor royal industrial area building work continued 1950s west green bridges later green pound hill land east allocated housing use eventually new neighbourhood green expectations eventual population town revised upwards times master plan allowed people amended development corporation successfully resisted pressure minister town country planning accommodate plans dated anticipated growth consideration given eventual expansion extended shopping facilities east existing high street provided stage open following opening queen square development majesty queen railway station moved eastwards new development april thomas bennett presentation chairman development corporation town population reached square feet factory industrial space provided people employed nearly worked manufacturing industry seventy people registered unemployed corporation built houses private builders provided tenants permitted buy houses chosen april new plan forward west sussex county council proposed new extended outside administrative area urban district council detailed plans late 1960s early 1970s building work begun expansion begun development slow larger original proposed population work took place area known west western fringes town council identified land south pound hill neighbourhood suitable new neighbourhood work began development undertaken privately unlike earlier housing owned council plans announced develop 14th neighbourhood land green northeast town halted proposals possible expansion airport announced discussions underway district council concerning possible future provision new housing western fringes named land proposed development currently lies administrative boundaries development neighbourhood began governance local government urban district council formed rural district covered new town local government act led district reformed borough april gaining mayor time urban district council received coat arms college change borough status modified coat arms based original awarded presented council march features central cross shield representing town location meeting point north south east west roads shield bears representing county sussex new town original supporters eagle winged lion relate significance airport locality motto featured grow translation phrase younger initially district borough council worked commission new towns aspects development commission assets housing parks surrendered council authority boundaries extended accommodate borough remains local tier arrangements services shared west sussex county council authority divided represented local forming total council members borough divided north south pound hill pound hill north pound hill south worth council elected thirds local elections authority labour controlled seats allocated follows conservative party gained control time borough created previously authority labour controlled united_kingdom government borough parliamentary constituency henry smith won seat general election elected general election member labour_party parliamentary private secretary secretary state health johnson general election winning margin constituency won votes brook house house immigration removal centres operated immigration grounds airport data home office national identity database south yorkshire backed disaster recovery business continuity purposes identity documents bill proposed passed september authorised destruction data stored identity card scheme brought identity cards act geography northeastern corner west sussex south east england miles south london miles north brighton surrounded smaller towns including heath east borough bordered west sussex local government areas mid sussex districts mole valley districts borough county surrey lies north south downs beds rock meet beneath town eastern town centre lie largely sandstone hastings beds rest town based clay geological fault running east west left area clay ridge limestone hastings beds highest point borough feet sea level town major waterways number smaller brooks streams tributaries river mole rises near airport flows northwards river_thames near court palace lakes park mill pond stopped feed water mill amateur fossil collector discovered teeth bones remains described animal tribe enormous magnitude forest edge announced discovery scientific paper giving creature discovered named genus finding fossil forest climate lies sussex area highly variable terrain frost sun traps encountered short distance calm clear periods weather allows interesting temperature variations time mobile westerly persist weather typically oceanic like rest british isles nearest weather station publishes long term averages accurate description climate area recently met office published data nearby weather station weather stations miles north town centre similar altitudes generally inland southerly position means temperatures summer highest british isles recording recording july lower respectively monthly record day set miles west overall maximum stands set august absolute record aforementioned highest temperature recorded august maximum temperature higher days year average day typically rise overall minimum airport period set january recently fell december typically night fall air frost recorded nights sunshine totals higher inland areas southerly location averaged hours year data available given increases comparable sites nearby annual averages likely hours snowfall heavier sussex low lying parts central southern england proximity moisture laden southerly tracking low pressure systems bringing easterly winds snow areas south london southwards southerly location area warmer air nearby english channel snow temporary low pressure systems track north bringing air areas immediately north london tend accumulation lying longer duration rainfall lower english average higher areas south east rain falls days year areas residential variety housing types semi detached detached houses low rise flats residential tower blocks apart storey mount flats north end pound hill houses gardens set roads hub neighbourhood shopping parade community centre church school recreational open spaces development corporation intention neighbourhood shops cater basic needs town centre shopping requirements number shop units provided neighbourhood reflected despite master plan making provision shops neighbourhood number actually built ranged outlying green neighbourhood seven west green close town centre residential identified colour shown street signs standard format town street neighbourhood shown white text coloured background areas defined closely associated manor royal industrial estate north town ward allocated colour street signs feature word industrial black background town centre southernmost street signs follow standard format neighbourhood signs display street airport built site manor house manor close village heath village demolished airport expanded grade michael angels church remains site heath village occupied warehouses light industrial units airport southern boundary perimeter road close manor royal worth originally village civil parish lying eastern edge urban area borough boundary development pound hill filled gaps borough boundary extended include village civil parish worth remains albeit reduced size mid sussex district green hamlet worth parish pound hill neighbourhood houses farms public house british world championship held annually lie east west minor road running main road manor royal estate hamlet miles east airport distance south wholly borough borough county boundary moved eastwards align exactly motorway houses farms boundary site fatal crash people including residents died flight crashed house road proposed completion thirteenth neighbourhood sites borough considered potential sites new residential areas proposal build neighbourhood green area january december government allowed appeal heard latest refusal planning permission new planning application registered july november year details proposals published forge wood intended houses commercial industrial buildings shopping area community centre hall primary school areas recreational open space planning group ltd presented application behalf homes taylor application proposes square metres commercial industrial square metres retail use housing reported approved phase north east sector development expected start years forge wood decided december work phase scheduled start houses completed end year borough council began discussions neighbouring district council connection proposed neighbourhood west development boundary local authorities planning permission granted march adopted october borough council sold million areas land required construction access roads work phase scheme started october houses school library supermarket facilities provided census population recorded accounted population county west sussex growth population new town similar sized settlements example period population neighbouring district grew approximately population aged compared population west sussex white british account population people ethnic backgrounds people indian pakistani origin account population respectively inhabitants work locally airport air ground crew borough population density persons persons acre making second densely populated district west sussex social mix similar national norm social category varies ward north compared proportion people borough higher education qualifications lower national average qualification level compared nationally economy originally traded market town development corporation intended develop centre manufacturing light engineering industrial zone rapid growth airport provided opportunities businesses aviation transport distribution industries significance airport local employment enterprise reflected formation diamond partnership venture supported local businesses local government south east england regional development agency aims maintain improve area status region national international economic importance second world war unemployment low rate working age population boom 1980s town boasted lowest level unemployment continuous growth investment important business employment centres south east england region manufacturing industry modest industrial centre end second world war building important trade people employed building firms cook large factories people worked manufacturing main industries light precision engineering aircraft repair jobs industries highly skilled industrial development place relatively soon new town established corporation people jobs war damaged london industrial jobs needed houses shops create balanced community people settle development corporation wanted new town support large mixed industrial base factories buildings based single zone spread town acre site northeastern development area chosen advantages included flat land existing development proximity london brighton railway line planned space railway eventually built smaller scale envisaged adjacent acre site reserved future expansion railway line purpose end princess elizabeth later queen elizabeth_ii opened industrial area january main road named manor royal eventually came refer estate corporation stipulated manufacturing industries developed allowing sector firm dominate seek attract companies offering financial incentives instead set create ideal conditions industrial development arise naturally providing large plots land room expansion allowing firms build premises rent ready buildings constructing wide range building types sizes despite lack direct incentives firms applied manor royal estate considered attractive place relocate development corporation able choose applicants achieve ideal mix firms little advertising promotion undertaken year manor royal opened eighteen firms trading including employees businesses moved town employed people master plan anticipated firms employing nearly people group opened new manufacturing office complex site consolidated manufacturing offices area south east england service industry commerce jobs created new town early years manufacturing sector developed strongly 1960s manor royal estate space proximity good transport links attracted airport related services logistics catering distribution corporation private companies built offices town office town increased square feet conservative estimate square feet major schemes period included premises westminster bank later british office general government ministry treasury storey house railway station completed primary care trust companies companies headquartered include energy virgin atlantic virgin atlantic associated travel agency virgin holidays william reed business media office general danish company world supply headquarters business park international office addition registered offices located british took british headquarters near manor royal estate renamed towers based british holidays divisions companies headquartered include british united express ships choice air europe numerous hotels including george hotel dated haunted shopping retail new town planned retail centre surrounding area shops town high street early new town residents relied shopping facilities corporation implemented master plan designs new shopping area undeveloped land east high street north railway line shops built followed queen square complex surrounding streets mid-1950s queen square plaza surrounded large shops linked high street officially opened queen elizabeth_ii town centre completed time recognised important regional merely local shopping centre 1960s 1970s large branches marks opened largest britain time shopping area expanded queen square original plans implemented fully large shop units built new link provided queen square avenue main road bridges remaining land area railway line sold private development square feet shopping centre named county mall opened stores includes major retailers boots smith british home stores smaller outlets town main bus station redesigned roads including main avenue rerouted buildings south end demolished accommodate mall regeneration strategy town centre centre vision produced changes brought scheme included square feet additional retail space queen square mixed use development southern end high street land occupied robinson road demolished road shortened severed end opened september forms robinson road previously named church road heart old century demolition buildings included school hospital post office plans expand central shopping area northwards land occupied town hall office buildings borough council premises moved new site possibly land occupied sussex house high street boulevard large shopping area scheme named town centre north designed major regional shopping destination public services provided sussex police british transport police responsible rail network borough police headquarters north downs division divided areas purposes neighbourhood east west town centre separate division covers airport police station town centre open hours day desk staffed hours day christmas day statutory emergency fire rescue services provided west sussex fire rescue service operates fire station town centre south east_coast ambulance service responsible ambulance services hospital west green operated west sussex primary care trust services provided surrey sussex healthcare trust including hour urgent treatment centre semi life threatening injuries surrey sussex judged weak healthcare commission hospital surrey sussex trust rated good care quality commission thames water responsible waste water provision residents parts receive drinking water southern water areas north town airport provided east surrey water south east water supplies power networks distribution network operator responsible electricity gas supplied southern gas networks manage south east local distribution zone provision public services operation local authorities town grew 1950s 1960s oversaw opening fire station telephone exchange police station town centre health clinic ambulance station plans new hospital land abandoned existing hospital west green redeveloped instead gas miles away town water supply came wood reservoir south east december new storey library opened new buildings avenue replacing considerably establishment county buildings civil aviation authority regulation safety group aviation house airport transport early development market town helped location london brighton area joined railway network mid-19th century creation new town major road upgrades including motorway link guided bus transit system establishment airport britain largest busiest road london brighton ran centre forming high street station road britain major roads classified british government ministry transport given number bypassed new dual forms current route town later east town motorway opened connects london motorway southern edge built area original single junctions area junction area junction end motorway junction dual joins west green provides link town centre follows route town linking directly runs east rail railway line area brighton main line opened far heath july reached brighton september ran bridges small village east station built serve line valley line opened february station provided high street date new station constructed slightly east conjunction house commercial development replaced original station closed july ticket office london bound platform waiting areas form ground floor office building urban area served total rail stations including railway station expansion station surrounded town western areas opened crossing halt june serve village soon renamed halt dropping halt regular train services run london victoria london bridge stations airport east portsmouth southampton bridges direct trains brighton bus towns boundaries motor services london transport bus services met companies reached agreement allowed provide services parts town national bus company formed london country bus services subsidiary took responsibility routes including green line coaches cross london services operated distant destinations coach station opened county oak near heath regular stopping point express coaches london towns sussex coast traffic started serve airport began grow national bus company broken local services provided new south west division london country bus services later group acquired routes march main operator provides local services town centre longer distance routes wells brighton september guided bus service began operating airport second route area north airport added august airport airport licensed private airfield august second world war raf base returned civil use proposals close airport late 1940s government announced developed london second airport closed rebuilding majesty queen reopened june second terminal north terminal built agreement exists west sussex county council preventing building second runway launched department transport proposals additional facilities considered agreed expansion impossible meet growth targets london airport existing pollution limits sport leisure town main football team formed moved ground town adjacent west green playing fields demand land near town centre led club moving new stadium owned borough council season town play league tier league football england pinnacle club history february played manchester united old fifth round cup match saw fans trip manchester local teams play sussex county football league bridges edwards rugby club based golf course constructed park hockey club plays home matches school bridges new town original leisure centre avenue bridges neighbourhood building work started early 1960s large swimming pool opened site extended include athletics arena additional large sports hall opened town mayor councillor ben clay prime minister wilson facilities insufficient growing town opened athlete asked metre race opening celebrations invitation withdrawn short notice concerns raised council members possible political anti leisure centre closed replaced new facility leisure centre campus thomas bennett community college near stadium opened public november officially lord january centre includes olympic sized swimming pool south east england march centre named training site olympics london development corporation little provision arts plans new town proposed arts venue town centre built neighbourhood community centres forest recreational centre cultural activities town dedicated theatre arts venue theatre derives local corruption word heath came refer specifically wooded land south town centre theatre built earliest cinema imperial picture house brighton road lasted 1940s embassy cinema high street opened replaced large cinema opened leisure park includes pin bowling restaurants bars fitness centre liquid nightclub station way accommodate people neighbourhood self contained recreational areas larger parks town memorial gardens eastern queen square feature art displays children play areas plaque commemorating died second world war bombing incidents park covers acres lakes boating ponds model railway features park nature centre walled gardens lakes large areas woodland area collection animals birds heritage museum based park stone age bronze age remains discovered area display recent artefacts including parts vine cottage old timber framed building high street home punch editor mark lemon demolished development built grade listed buildings parish church margaret parish church nicholas worth friends meeting house lane grade listed buildings grade listed buildings borough council awarded locally listed building status buildings education maintained primary secondary schools reorganised following local education authority decision change town tier system middle secondary schools standard primary secondary divide restructuring primary schools including church_of_england roman catholic pairs infant junior schools opened changed status date example middle junior school secondary education provided secondary schools community college school holy trinity church_of_england school high school catholic school thomas bennett community college sixth form newest opening high september primary secondary school called school free school opened currently years schools thomas bennett bases local authority adult education programmes pupils special needs educated special schools town covers spectrum needs manor green primary school manor green college discovery new school based house opened september free schools country set result changes legislation school funding conservative liberal democrat coalition government school school state funded school quoted having christian anglican tradition school closed children time april following series inspection failures withdrawal funding education provided central sussex college opened technical college merged local colleges form new institute august college provides higher education courses partnership universities sussex proposal additional campus university sussex created conclusion reached media local newspapers long history area observer began life weekly sussex surrey district observer took current newspaper owned press news published later took operations older closed newspaper owned trinity mirror group free publication september press launched new weekly newspaper called times based companies paper produced west sussex county times town served london regional versions bbc itv television crystal palace terrestrial town pick bbc south itv signals radio mercury began broadcasting october house station owned global radio broadcasts heart brighton studios way closed august february local gold closed listeners advised gold london gold sussex local bbc radio provided bbc radio sussex bbc southern counties radio following merger bbc radio surrey march bbc southern counties radio bbc sussex bbc surrey positioning broadcasting separately stations cover stories twin town germany notable people patrick allen music educator award winning author teacher lives works town tony journalist sunday_times publications born town polish rower competed summer olympics summer olympics died simon journalist independent born town matt playwright born freestyle swimmer commonwealth games gold born sir charles court 21st premier western_australia born migrated australia family birthday john george acid bath murderer carried murders workshop west green area simon trained guitarist composer arranger founder cafe orchestra born philip king singers born raised mark lemon editor punch lived high street death blue plaque outside george hotel commemorates time town won bronze munich olympic games light boxing category world champion born town kevin played australia year spell britain playing different clubs born town olympic born town manager england international attended town school thompson facilities train olympics peter actor starred live town tom sophomore american linebacker oklahoma lived age cure formed robert smith michael attended school feeling drummer paul stewart guitarist kevin keyboard player fictional character virtual band comes according story created number hit pupil spent teenage years dan walker british sports presenter born raised


greater manchester village civil parish metropolitan borough greater manchester england historically lies south bank river borough greater manchester 21st century village remains predominantly rural nearest town according census parish population history settlement stretching 11th century possibility earlier listed buildings village including timber framed grade church years old listed buildings examples architect john douglas work including second church built time team excavated lands moss farm looking roman history limited evidence found activity site dating bronze age iron age roman periods include flint blade tools pieces snake archaeological evidence indicates area roman times book evolved today ton means settlement old english indicating settlement pre conquest origins suggested site anglo saxon defended settlement possibly called established queen wars likely site lay wales border documented reference occurs book recorded united late 12th century norman conquest area controlled anglo saxon book records church possible church dedicated saint pre conquest omission church significant pre conquest churches recorded survey documented evidence church deed chapel ease parish separate parish 13th century church surrounded ditch bank probably dating 14th century site medieval near church formed 13th century dissolved predominantly farming village medieval period north western corner township deer park grew agricultural town medieval period remained untouched industrial revolution reflected population change dropping little variation time rest expanding rapidly governance civil parish created local government act parish council metropolitan borough borough creation previously rural district village electoral ward local elections ward conservative lies sale west constituency north west england constituency european parliament formation sale west constituency represented house_of_commons conservative graham geography village lies south west borough river forming border villages joins river village dried diverted manchester ship canal upstream east lie town little south north local geology lower ridge sand gravel running transport main roads running local bus services operated borough transport operated link census total population females males average household size aged academic qualifications similar figures england according census unemployed economically inactive population age aged mean age people residents described health good population change landmarks churches churches note grid reference timber framed church grade listed building timber framed churches survive england wales oldest church dates 14th century built site earlier saxon chapel rarely worship accessible visitors church features century font pulpit altar nearby remains old village cross complete stocks wooden restraints modern supporting pillars older church dedicated built john douglas grade listed building church red sandstone clay tile roof grade listed buildings churches dedicated saint grade listed buildings parish rooms house built designed john douglas built village douglas post office school converted residence features supporting roof farm buildings listed including farmhouse moss lane barn 18th century features 17th century earlier timber framed farm building park road 17th century origin century farmhouse lane flemish bond brick slate roof barn lane dates 17th century lane built thomas features fireplace farmhouse originally built 17th century later additions including 19th century porch building lane near villa farmhouse originally timber framed building 16th early 17th century house features century woman possibly rose base stone cross lane wooden stocks nearby probably dating 17th century unusual listed structures stretch wall constructed probably built 18th 19th century listed structures grounds old church late 19th century toll bridge bridge privately owned statutory undertaking incorporates public highway road length high level bridge crosses manchester ship canal road connecting commissioned bridge act original stone bridge spanned river prior later diversion manchester ship canal bridges approach roads privately maintained remaining pre motorway toll bridges united_kingdom greater manchester time team archaeological techniques field walking led discovery finds ranging age prehistoric bronze age axe heads roman late medieval finds featuring prominently finds roman artefacts including coins snake invitation local historian jim time team excavated september searching roman previous archaeological south archaeological group indicated present evidence roman found discovery strip indicates british farm presence roman finds explained rubbish mixed spread crops


middlesex middlesex county southeast england greater london small sections neighbouring counties established anglo saxon system territory middle historic county included land stretching north river_thames miles east miles west city london rivers ridge hills boundaries largely low lying county dominated clay north gravel south second smallest area city london county right 12th century able exert political control middlesex westminster abbey dominated early financial judicial ecclesiastical aspects county london grew middlesex corporation london resisted attempts expand city boundaries county posed problems administration local government justice 18th 19th centuries population density especially high southeast county including east end west end london southeast administered sections kent surrey area metropolitan board works county councils introduced england area middlesex population transferred new county london remainder administrative county governed middlesex county council met regularly middlesex westminster county london city london middlesex separate counties purposes middlesex regained right appoint sheriff lost interwar years suburban london expanded improvement expansion public transport setting new industries second world war population county london inner middlesex steady decline high population growth continuing outer parts royal commission local government greater london original area incorporated enlarged greater london rest transferred neighbouring counties areas called middlesex cricket sports middlesex postal county post towns history means territory middle refers tribal origin inhabitants word formed anglo saxon old english essex sussex 8th century charter region recorded recorded early settlement settlements area middlesex traced thousands years creation county middlesex kingdom essex recorded book divided hundreds gore later records city london self governing thirteenth century county right county corporate middlesex included westminster high degree autonomy hundreds contained districts closest city london 17th century divided divisions liberty westminster largely took administrative functions divisions named tower county parliamentary representation 13th century title earl middlesex created twice extinct economic development economy county dependent city london early times primarily agricultural variety goods provided city including crops grain hay livestock building materials recreation day trip destinations coaching inn keeping sale goods services daily shops stalls considerable passing trade provided local employment formed early economy 18th century inner parishes middlesex suburbs city increasingly middlesex volume john stored beautiful fair buildings especially merchants london planted houses recreation places contrived divers devices rare delicate fruits gardens walks great variety pleasing beautiful ornaments unto country similarly thomas cox wrote london chiefly inhabited citizens fill towns country houses resort breathe little sweet air free smoke city sir john president board agriculture spoke need substantial common heath dig victory campaign world war fellow board member estimated tenth county acres common capable improvement william casual travel writing said ugly country surrey great difficulty found england flat come soil nasty dirt bed gravel heath little worse general run sample bad soil villainous look enclosed cultivated fresh robbery villages farm labourers buildings thomas wrote acre middlesex worth contrasts agricultural description building radial railway lines caused fundamental shift away agricultural supply london large scale house building north developed working class residential suburbs easy access central london line windsor middlesex completed railway bar metropolitan district railways started series extensions county closer london districts came reach bus networks providing cheap transport central london world war availability labour proximity london areas park royal ideal locations developing new industries new jobs attracted people county population continued rise reaching peak governance metropolis 19th century east end london expanded eastern boundary essex tower division reached population million railways built north western suburbs london steadily spread large parts county areas closest london served metropolitan police entire county included metropolitan police district local government county unaffected municipal corporations act civic works continued responsibility individual parish hoc improvement commissioners parishes densely populated area south east excluding city london came responsibility metropolitan board works despite innovation system described commentators time chaos local government act metropolitan area approximately acres km2 county london act provided middlesex administrative county london severed middlesex form separate county non administrative purposes county london transferred middlesex divided metropolitan merged form seven present day inner london formed metropolitan formed metropolitan known formed metropolitan formed metropolitan formed metropolitan tower formed metropolitan green city westminster formed metropolitan city westminster extra metropolitan area middlesex outside metropolitan area remained largely rural middle 19th century special boards local government metropolitan areas late developing cities london westminster ancient importance courts declined local administration divided county business conducted justices peace meeting quarter sessions local matters dealt parish suburbs london spread area development cholera forced creation local boards poor law unions help govern areas cases parishes appointed improvement commissioners rural areas parishes began grouped different administrative purposes local bodies designated urban rural districts following local government act remaining county came control middlesex county council parish area responsibility lord lieutenant middlesex reduced accordingly middlesex contain county county administrative county area county council control identical local government act divided administrative county rural districts thirty urban districts based existing districts urban district south middlesex county london transferred county rural districts south increasing abolished urban districts created merged gained status municipal borough districts census growth london continued county entirely filled suburbs london big rise population density process accelerated metro land developments covered large county expanding expedition said joined continues half century suppose county middlesex covered brick public transport county including extensive network buses london underground came control london passenger transport board new works programme developed enhance services 1930s partly proximity capital county major role second world war county subject aerial bombardment contained military establishments raf raf involved battle britain county town middlesex arguably certainly single established county town london regarded county town purposes provided different locations judicial county purposes county middlesex held old bailey city london high sheriff middlesex chosen city london corporation sessions house middlesex quarter sessions green early 18th century quarter sessions middlesex sessions house performed limited administration county level creation middlesex county council new county town basis elections knights members parliament held traveller historian london regional summary states new considered county town town hall public building middlesex county council took westminster middlesex year location placed new county london outside council area jurisdiction arms middlesex county council coats arms attributed kingdoms anglo saxon assigned kingdom middle east depicted short swords red background weapon carried anglo saxon warriors term saxon derived word arms associated counties kingdom middlesex essex county authorities militia volunteer regiments associated counties attributed arms noted county councils essex middlesex sheriff office county london arms middlesex county council decided apply formal grant arms college arms addition difference attributed arms colonel justice peace middlesex author book military asked addition shield chosen addition saxon crown derived portrait king silver penny reign stated earliest form crown associated english sovereign grant arms letters patent dated november arms kingdom eventually granted essex county council insignia urban districts county saxon crown came common charge english civic arms creation greater london council saxon crown introduced coat arms appear arms london borough councils borough council area middlesex creation greater london population inner london county london decline residents moved outer suburbs creation continued second world war contrast population middlesex increased steadily period population inner districts county started fall population grew suburban outer districts according census reached population greater normally entitled seek county borough status status granted mean population administrative county middlesex reduced half million evidence submitted royal commission local government greater london included recommendation divide middlesex counties north middlesex west middlesex commission instead proposed abolition county merging districts enacted parliament london government act came force april act abolished administrative counties middlesex london administration justice act abolished middlesex altered jurisdiction central criminal court april nearly middlesex greater london control greater london council formed new outer london richmond thames remaining areas bar urban district thames urban district urban district surrey following changes local acts parliament relating middlesex henceforth apply entirety north west london urban districts transferred surrey abolished districts respectively village transferred borough additionally greater london boundary west north subject small changes geography county lay london basin significant feature river_thames formed southern boundary river river formed natural boundaries east west entire south west boundary middlesex followed gently descending thames hills places middlesex bank accurate north bank instance river flows north westward left middlesex bank south west bank north boundary ran aligned ridge hills broken valleys south boundary feed welsh lake reservoir river formed long county county wooded covered ancient forest middlesex highest point high road heath feet highest points london legacy middlesex names organisations based area middlesex county cricket club middlesex cricket board middlesex university formed time middlesex abolished administrative county middlesex county football association teams surrey town town middlesex bar town compete middlesex county cup sir john native north london poet published poems middlesex suburban experience featured televised readings marketing campaign plant conservation charity chose wood county flower early day motion signatures noted anniversary battle recent years celebrated middlesex day commemorating efforts middlesex regiment die battle idea recognise celebrate historic county creation greater london divided commission areas administration justice named middlesex consisted abolished july research assigned code city london assigned code postal county middlesex abbreviated postal county element postal addressing routine use intended avoid confusion post towns longer required routing mail postal county match boundaries middlesex presence london postal district stretched county include addresses area included london include county royal mail retained postal county costly amend addresses greater london exceptionally bar post town transferred geographically postal county consisted unconnected areas miles apart smaller area larger area west comprised post towns postal county required postal county border inconsistencies constituent post towns neighbouring counties villages respectively post towns postal county middlesex surrey postal addresses middlesex conversely placed kingston surrey offices river nearby court palace postal address east surrey post town area postal county post towns area area postal county area postal county


irish meaning shaped hill town county northern_ireland town near southern shore north eastern corner county borough council area merged larger miles south west belfast linked city motorway belfast dublin railway line population census characteristic plantation settlements straight wide planned streets rows cottages site number historic listed buildings including house town hall historically town known major centre production mainly industrial revolution continued major producer industry steadily declined 1990s 2000s development new city major impact 1960s industry attracted area expansion retail park 2000s affected town retail trade history irish literally means shaped hill ridge long low narrow earlier names include meaning shaped hill meaning shaped hill settlement lords plantation period early 17th century plantation time area sparsely populated peoples lands given english lord william family initially family settled near nearby ridge established castle accommodation fair town consisting houses inhabited english families streets paved clean water mills wind mill corn irish parliament irish rebellion castle destroyed wife family taken prisoner brought county land passed family released forces lord conway rebellion ended returned estate william died family went contribute development industry peaked town late 17th century great hunger built opened poor law stated poor law union build relief increasing numbers poor population increased couple reasons large growth population firstly opportunities provided industry led abandon living rural areas migrate hope gaining employment secondly expanding town gave opportunity secure work construction new buildings house large numbers poor workers migrating town inevitably resulted low standard living potato crop failed second time resulting starvation led quickly end exceeded capacity attempt alleviate problem relief committee established towns relief committees raised money subscription local landowners gentry members clergy matched funds dublin food bought distributed increasing numbers people soup attempt provide employment means buy food lord devised scheme drainage estate called famine roads built extent rest ireland land owners provided outdoor relief employing labourers lower hills repair existing road period famine claimed lives union situated grounds hospital commemorative mural seen adjacent road new city town grew steadily centuries industrial market town 1960s government developing programme new towns great_britain deal population growth northern_ireland government planned new town deal projected growth belfast prevent concentration population city designated new town intended linear city incorporating neighbouring towns plan largely failed today locally refers residential area towns development affect number ways sort dedicated bicycle pedestrian paths built incorporated newer housing areas additional land town industrial development neighbouring rural settlements developed housing areas increase town population scale forecast textile industry remained main employer town late twentieth century advent access cheaper labour developing world leading decline manufacture clothing troubles associated towns known murder triangle area known significant number incidents fatalities troubles today town areas northern_ireland called republicans significant level support legacy troubles continued tension roman catholics occasionally erupted violence interface areas geography sits relatively flat ireland south east shore main formations north area shore mass farther earliest human settlements area northwest present day town near shore land handed family initially settled near later settled town eventually built oldest town main street built long ridge neighbouring hill site house park like rest ireland area long divided names come irish language sprang time surrounding built given names roads housing estates following list urban area alongside likely parish irish meaning field stone meaning meaning english carved meaning oak grove meaning black round hill meaning small black round hill meaning ridge cows meaning ridge meaning hill ants meaning old church meaning old wood teach meaning house north south meaning big grassland meaning friday parish meaning field meaning english called meaning wood silver climate temperate climate common inland areas ireland summer temperatures reach rare higher consistently humid climate ireland temperatures feel uncomfortable stray high similar temperatures climates rest europe governance upper constituency purpose elections parliament westminster long safe seat current david simpson democratic party members northern_ireland assembly elected member proportional representation westminster town commissioners elected replaced urban district council following local government ireland act effectively ended landlord control local government ireland town council abolished local government reformed northern_ireland local government boundaries act northern_ireland local government act northern_ireland abolished tier system town county councils replacing single tier system placed jurisdiction borough council remained new act streamlined merged districts today forms new district area contains following church town hall owned new district council conduct council business town council abolished census purposes treated separate entity northern_ireland statistics research agency instead combined form urban area fairly accurate population count found combining data electoral urban area church court day census march combined population population catholic catholic background protestant protestant background religious backgrounds religious background town divided political lines entire housing areas exclusively catholic nationalist exclusively protestant north end town centre considered catholic south end considered protestant invisible dividing line crossing market street castle lane street 1980s protestant north end town changed catholic areas gradually moved economy historically industrial town industry source employment industrial revolution said employed end 19th century figure significantly higher town resident population time particular branch textile industry declined consumer tastes changed continued produced town providing major source employment 1990s 2000s textile industry suffered major decline result low wage countries large fan belt factory industrial estate product development large tracts land areas exclusive industrial use factory closed failing profit resulting loss jobs facility later partly occupied wilson double deck trailers electronics industrial estate continues host manufacturing light engineering firms industrial areas town valley road industrial estates areas growth limited compared industrial estates borough key component development central business district halfway serve city centre new city built office building court house civic building small shopping centre alongside acres developed newly created balancing lakes serve area drainage system shopping centre significantly expanded form retail park containing major retail stores detrimental effect retail trade way town shopping developments parts northern_ireland damaged traditional town centres town chamber commerce functioning remained dormant despite numerous attempts revive culture community cultural references figure speech northern_ireland face long meaning look miserable origins expression disputed theory paid digging park lake theory irish language meaning shaft literally ballad master concerns irish sporting hero dog bought family song mentions owner charles referred lyrics lord master won cup hare competition times time high profile sport post found heart twice size normal dog size remembered town including coat arms dog named boy responsible care statue unveiled civic centre years glory festival held yearly honour pub named master renamed recent years community facilities oxford island nature reserve shore includes marina discovery center visitor centre offering information surrounding wildlife conference facilities café park yards main street largest urban park northern_ireland second largest ireland phoenix park dublin estate house 19th century style manor house land purchased borough council opened public park earl lord lieutenant ireland includes artificial lake original fountain today park home annual summer events agricultural park rally noted largest annual motor sport event northern_ireland stage circuit ireland rally mount house edward joseph convent cross community centre run community association community projects funded department social development special programme peace reconciliation physical social environment programme landmarks town centre distinctive wide main street market street widest ireland dominated end church church place grey granite temple shaped war memorial sits entrance church place topped bronze winged statue representing spirit victorious peace marble pillar centre displays names men town lost lives world war rows buildings market street punctuated periodically large access gates lead space buildings gates wide drive horse cart town straight planned streets common feature plantation towns industrial history evident presence mills modified modern use junction market street union street town hall listed building erected site town library temporarily police station handed police authority today owned mechanics institute available conferences community functions house known locally castle distinctive mansion built scottish sandstone style shaped tower prominent array chimney originally owned family today owned loyal orange district lodge adjacent park public park owned borough council estate park venue park rally religious sites site cemetery served place worship centuries began ancient times simple double ring fort outline noticeable today historic burial site holding remains people lived earliest days town existence including family cemetery old graveyard donated catholic people following passage catholic relief act prominent modern places worship parish church church place peter church north street visible far outside town parish church belongs church ireland original church established oxford island shore new church built site cemetery town main centre settlement area eventually found small given growth town irish parliament granted permission build replacement mile away green known church place stands day believed largest parish church ireland following passage catholic relief act charles granted site roman catholic parish priest reverend william brien construction church hill known lower north street work began peter church catholic_church paul built junction francis street street radical departure traditional church architecture grey plaster finish copper roof slim angles modern design architectural features copper roof gray plaster finish shared neighbouring paul school designed cope extra demand worship space following growth surrounding housing estates museum houses largest collections items relating irish history north ireland museum photographs artefacts connected life past years houses extensive collection relating periods known troubles operation harvest easter rising collection popular section covering social history area methodist church built court queen street found small new church built high street replaced newer building extensively renovated stands day sporting simple facade education late 19th century saw development formal education significant away organised schools today schools operate plan transfer system north allows pupils age option taking plus exam enter grammar schools pupils comprehensive junior high schools grammar non grammar streams pupils promoted demoted grammar stream time schools depending development academic performance age subject based exams qualify entry dedicated grammar school pursue levels common northern_ireland schools attended mainly children main religious reflecting existence deep seated political divisions society schools catholic maintained sector maintained council catholic maintained schools controlled directly state directly controlled state schools generally predominantly protestant intake primary education primary level schools attended protestant community primary school primary school king park primary school model school national schools programme proposed county ireland school serve example national schools area teacher training establishment teacher training place particular school initially multi intake offered services night classes industry relevant courses enthusiastically supported william thought brought school town undermined church interests opposed lack ecclesiastical control criticism efficiency management losing earlier prestige premier educational establishment town years intake catholic nationalist students steadily increased mainly situated catholic student body catholic recorded protestant pupil having left school catholic primary schools primary school francis primary school primary school anthony primary school primary school primary school post primary education secondary level schools attended protestant community college junior high school college education college grammar school established boys school provide known classical education opposed practical education offer model school initial charter included provision person holy orders minister religious shall time interfere management said school appointed serve master religious instruction place school hours secondary schools attended catholic nationalist community previously mary junior high school paul junior high school michael grammar school emerged school spanning sites college mary intermediate school built kitchen hill land acquired sisters mercy opened girls school nearby boys paul intermediate school opened schools known junior high schools pupils attend schools age time option transferring michael qualify qualify stay paul mary minimum school leaving age option taking exams available significant number people attend catholic maintained comprehensive school technical college renamed college education subsequently merged larger upper institute higher education education region consolidated institution merged colleges form southern regional college campus educational institutions area mixed intake offers courses alternative levels adult education services special needs education school provides education pupils aged severe learning difficulties sport leisure facilities municipal swimming pool leisure complex called waves includes swimming pool courts gym offers activities circuit training spinning classes following vote taken borough council april waves closed centre facilities replaced large central swimming facility built near balancing lakes hole golf courses artificial ski slope equestrian centre jumping clubs home association football clubs celtic town thirteen clubs play mid football leagues united hill street institute united united city celtic club oxford sheffield thursday play league prominent playing large presence area football played clubs clan based pine bank mary michael paul peter tone played club shares grounds tone club club town shares grounds club play leagues competitions mary michael cricket clubs cricket club victoria cricket club cycling promoted clubs apollo road club rugby union played tennis played tennis club park golf club situated park hole challenging course bordering lake railway links railway station opened railway november connecting town belfast great victoria street east west great northern railway ireland provided access west closed 1950s 1960s railway station presently railway station run northern_ireland railways direct trains belfast great victoria street dublin belfast railway line enterprise runs dublin belfast central change train required travel dublin railway access links george best belfast city airport line road transport public services situated motorway connecting town belfast bus services provided arrive depart regular basis bus stops market street belfast surrounding areas electricity supplied northern_ireland electricity subsidiary group north longer town gas abolished northern_ireland 1980s government restored greater belfast area water supplied northern_ireland water public owned utility media served weekly local newspapers mail published publishing reports news sport local area reports local news sport emphasis photographs local people sporting social events notable people living people bell northern irish discovered radio barry douglas classical pianist conductor residences paris jim harvey born professional assistant manager northern_ireland football team played arsenal manager manager glasgow celtic captain northern_ireland football team glasgow celtic born won best actress award irish theatre awards miss northern_ireland miss united_kingdom deceased people james howard born lived avenue road second lieutenant 6th royal irish rifles shot head killed april junction hill bishop street dublin easter rising edward took easter rising april received fatal bullet wound head 25th april died street hospital dublin john broadcaster bbc radio question time presented garden tommy specialist racing bicycle builder premises union street tommy built known names sport competitive cycling died early 1990s field marshal sir john december november british commander world war world war later diplomat born william frederick october july died threw box grenades prior battle awarded victoria_cross world championship referee resident town billy july founder commander volunteer force mid brigade native shot dead outside home estate members organisation thomas september member irish republican army participated failed plan campaign britain lasted executed dublin wider crackdown activity jim december september joined international brigade spanish civil war later moved canada joining royal canadian air_force world war killed plane crashed training exercise devon england jones june professional appearances received cap irish national team born james logan october october born american colonial statesman scholar secretary friend william penn noted political philosopher botanist local woman accidentally buried alive revived grave today buried historic cemetery reads lived buried twice richard april irish protestant nationalist home rule politician land league trade union activist member parliament house_of_commons united_kingdom great_britain ireland years nelson september march human rights solicitor killed loyalist car bomb martin journalist sunday world newspaper murdered 28th september wife near home town boxer february september champion world known belfast spider born castle lane famous champion jockey trick shooter traditional irish dancer turning entered ring ring crowd pleasing comedic antics fights died massachusetts george william russell april july wrote pseudonym anglo irish supporter nationalist movement ireland critic poet painter mystical writer centre group followers dublin years born william street philip smith october january born north recipient victoria_cross birth recorded parish peter church norman april january began career playing football peter decision sign cost league medal defunct rule finally awarded medal peter went play town portsmouth united club level won caps northern_ireland international level government borough council forward town centre management company statistics research agency sport clubs celtic town boys cricket club apollo cycling team cycling club clan links hugh 11th cambridge_university press


greek known medieval greek modern greek upper historic settlement currently residential neighborhood municipality southern suburbs athens greece area inland south plain situated foothills mount southern coastal zone athens gulf land characterized limestone hills streams running coast situated kilometres south center athens developed incorporated urban greek capital area displays earliest urban settlements europe sites showing continuous development bronze age periods major finds include early fortifications era workshops classical era byzantine temples earliest best preserved specimens geometric pottery attributed workshop featured museum collections including display metropolitan museum art new_york_city peak 5th 4th centuries bce area center populous communities ancient athens theater industrial installations religious festivals played major role politics civic life notably trial expeditions war etymology documented greek 6th century scholar byzantium considered earliest authoritative work mediterranean attributes greek mythology son derives greek root words greek good greek alternative interpretations origin direct reference area named good comes tree medieval derives word greek meaning rock derived ancient greek greek meaning coarse modern upper arose linked coastal settlement west creating contemporary municipality history systematic excavation area conducted numerous construction projects intensive urban development later half twentieth century led important discoveries shed light historic timeline settlement prehistoric bronze age hills adjacent coastal important sites bronze age development area athens prior bce tools found sites identified originating island indicating close ties settlements rich islands civilization findings suggests settlements linked coastal inland communities earliest signs prehistoric settlement recognized 1950s 60s site expansion work avenue era masonry identified small hill rising metres surrounding ground prehistoric masonry dated recognized summit pan hill greek highest elevation point thousand tool specimens collected pan hill findings settlement period come abrupt end bce indicating catastrophic event involve invaders excavations construction sites adjacent mound 1980s 90s led discovery early settlement millennium bce complex dated late late bce marking second period intense development work metro station metres south mound unearthed large workshop complex era installations production including wheel workshop included hydraulic installations wells water processing production table sails ropes era ships altogether complex kilometres south palace athens largest kind found date bronze age community installations thought close links central authority athens possibly supplying sails ropes ships athens said contributed war geometric geometric period dark ages 10th 8th centuries bce area continued inhabited notable pottery production workshop geometric era finds concentrate metres west site hill stream current estate excavations performed estate presumed site based surface finds 8th 7th century bce fortifications geometric graves pottery found estate providing evidence unlike athens neighboring communities south peculiar practicing main burial rite period nonetheless 8th century ceremonial attributed workshop burial tombs geometric greece considered best examples geometric pottery discovered date metropolitan museum art new_york_city acquired specimens display permanent collection greek roman art classical area recognized site ancient greek construction work uncovered 4th century bce theater inscription god identified theater previously known ancient texts theaters theater constructed mid 5th century bce making earliest known theaters marble nearby mount estimated capacity spectators unique ancient theaters found greece owing rectangular shape orchestra theatre destroyed war bce rebuilt statues found site theater discovery depictions red figure pottery area finds site clay figures seemingly representing female companions suggest possible early affiliation cult pan town urban way greek major ancient road linking athens temple important silver mines remains urban way unearthed multiple sites modern avenue positioning ancient adjacent important installations old hydraulic installations metres northeast theater continued use classical era period water flowing installations stream wells primarily agriculture cottage industries hill geometric era fortifications estate metres northwest theater thought site construction 1960s work metro station kilometres south theater uncovered cemetery site graves dating 7th 4th centuries bce inscriptions identifying cemetery findings position center extent classical continuation early settlements designated reform city greek tribe hierarchy democracy descending founder athens contributed increased bce member strong athens largest notable public officials ancient athens high ranking military figures associated wars including known main prosecutor trial medieval declined medieval times athens christian reforms brought decline roman point time settlement changed village nonetheless retained urban settlement early christian byzantine eras testified ruins holy centuries found metres north theater courtyard contemporary church life giving spring later middle ages athens conquered fourth crusade established 13th century state athens time defiance roman catholic allegiance lord athens orthodox church presentation mary greek constructed metres west theater church currently operation grounds estate making oldest continuously operational churches athens invasion greece ottoman turks area turned administered according ottoman feudal system local population mandatory land peasants church presentation mary appears remain center area civic life following centuries ottoman rule 19th 20th centuries modern written use appears right greek revolution tax record villages location corresponding area revealed 19th century maps including john map labeled map german institute preceding years estate corresponding large south athens sold 18th century muslim religious leader athens records feudal estate small population farmers ownership passed settlement incorporated municipality athens land estate sold greek state family large estate converted farm urban plots including land creation airport led rapid following expanding urban greek capital establishment current residential community modern municipality established linking community coastal community kilometres west giving rise term upper refer area geography neighborhood approximately bounded avenues east north west south includes metro station area rocky feature gave medieval main physical features small limestone hills largest pan hill stream runs western slopes gulf beach mount east dominant backdrop visible areas neighborhood civic life largely residential area small shops businesses avenues central public space community stretches path stream runs underground area features square park includes outdoor public basketball court municipal major community events place adjacent square large school complex public elementary schools 2nd public high school school complex municipal indoor gymnasium capacity seated spectators home court local basketball teams union team axis estate field greek seat track field stadium seat local soccer team


northumberland hamlet civil parish english county northumberland located miles west miles east miles south west miles north west lies northern edge northumberland national park hamlet consists small group agricultural dwellings overlooked hill northern limits hills parish population includes township thompson walls falling census details included parish situated border scotland turbulent history suffered repeated scottish incursions destroyed laid waste situation considered report council england raid resulted death villagers later peaceful times area developed agricultural gradually opened construction roads railways etymology appears documents usually thought derive old english indicating presence late 18th century history preserved bronze age settlements exist area hill excavated found conceal containing burnt bones thought date period bronze blade dating found near water 19th century national museum scotland edinburgh provides evidence bronze age activity parish iron age found hills parish contains examples hill hill camp hill necessarily small interior area suggests permanent settlements served defended likely animal market places places worship enclosure hill north parish considered small consisting adjacent end millennium remaining forest area cleared increasing numbers settlements established high appear built earlier abandoned time preserved settlement thought british northumberland lay roman frontier period occupation small enclosed likely continued use centuries probably abandoned population moved lower lying early medieval period king granted named including large tract land water saint villagers required hand major proportion surplus produce labour communities church 13th century formed constituent established king henry granted walter principal agents government northern england lord manor michael possess township held north yorkshire founded barons recorded sheep feeding great land held abbey scottish borders passed hands castle eventually consolidated ownership township 17th century acquiring holdings earlier sold crown dissolution monasteries fortified farmhouse built north end village late 16th early 17th centuries right end 16th century suffered repeated scottish incursions village lands 15th century revealed state waste destruction lack defensive structure criticised sir robert sir border commissioners strongly urged tower built village reported tower invasion tower mentioned sir henry reported queen elizabeth number towers needing repair sir robert carey lord warden marches reported council england 14th instant night broke poor man door march taking cattle town followed rescued goods sore hurt scots brought prisoners fourth raised country horse foot attacked resisted town behaved honestly driven taken prisoners scots raised near hand number horse foot came seven morning rescued prisoners man left seven dead hurt sore great map dated shows rows dwellings village total buildings shown plus north water buildings south west village appears extend slightly lane current hamlet shown map ruins earlier chapel believed existed chapel field south east village 19th century consisted large farm farmhouse rows cottages farm workforce addition post office south thompson walls estate farm complex laid square courtyard grown small mill shown maps 1860s onwards adoption new agricultural techniques improvements area transport infrastructure resulted greater prosperity farming community late 18th 19th centuries enclosure common land intended increase efficiency bring land reduce high prices agricultural production common enclosed female employed work fields end 19th century system recorded scottish borders early subsequently spread agricultural labourers known required provide female relative girl living hind family day required work regarded paying rent hind cottage thomas henry scott police constable murdered attempting arrest beaten railway owned north eastern railway opened providing rail link station nearest built handle goods traffic passenger services withdrawn goods parcels service continuing closed farming 20th century concentrated pedigree angus cattle decline farming resulted farm function independent unit estate divided separate farms thompson walls farm breeding sheep cows farm leased neighbouring farmer buildings converted workshops geography stands south bank water mouth burn settlement limited dispersed small largest clearly defined valley floor pronounced raised area relatively wooded coniferous plantations woodland surrounding hills areas woodland willow valley floor river forms river site special scientific interest designated biological interest river special area conservation designated european habitats directive biological interest river system south area dominated hill feet high valley burn township thompson walls lying northern limits hills geology area composed rocks landscape characterised smooth rolling hills extensive semi natural acidic grass known locally white grass areas heather parts blanket dominated dwarf shrubs moss cotton grass coniferous woodland plantations common upper valley slopes remnants woodland meadow grassland steep sided valleys area reaches height feet hill opposite north area consists glacial gravel sand gravel extracted upstream water township lies south west northumberland county england mean summer temperatures northern found miles south sheltered prevailing winds south west cold winds east winter growing season april november low mean temperature high rainfall result water logging fine soils nutrients soils texture nearest weather station comprehensive records published located miles south east north_sea coast governance thompson walls ancient parish largest parishes england following poor law amendment act parishes grouped unions poor law union created public health act area poor law union rural district formed second tier local government northumberland county council civil parishes right separate district local government act rural district thompson walls amalgamated rural district abolished newly created borough turn abolished result northumberland structural change order northumberland authority forms electoral division northumberland county council represented anthony murray conservative party elected new council creation parish parish council parliamentary constituency represented sir deputy leader liberal democrats won election public services water provided water owned hong_kong based infrastructure holdings water supplies come electricity distribution company serving northern known electric owned multinational based nebraska north east ambulance service formed provides ambulance services operating ambulance station general provision health services responsibility healthcare foundation trust nearest hospital hour minor injuries service law enforcement responsibility police sixth largest police force england wales formed merger northumberland durham local neighbourhood team based police station northumberland fire rescue service division northumberland county council provides public protection services operating fire station search rescue service provided northumberland national park mountain rescue team north search rescue team population cent age cent years age owner inhabited cent dwellings cent rented holiday homes accounted cent dwellings cent vacant proportion households use vehicle cent cent population predominantly white cent identified economy agriculture important life centuries early 13th century sheep farming developed recorded sheep great lived temporary summer settlements high hills grown angus cattle high hills northumberland ideal grazing cattle sheep england beef lamb produced 19th century areas increasingly shooting wild great landowners hold large organised shooting parties friends employing local farm workers responsible looking birds shot breeding special shelters farming important north parish aided increased improved transport links use building material sand gravel extracted census cent population employment unemployment rate cent employed cent worked service industries cent manufacturing industries average distance travelled work miles landmarks thompson walls thompson walls lies miles south west northern reaches hills hill feet high highest point parish bronze age burial crown summit flint knife bronze dagger cremated bone discovered excavations south hill way miles long distance trail passes route holy island remains british village north west slopes hill include containing circular foundations buildings nearby ring iron age enclosure contains circular stone foundations contain traces saddle hills remains medieval settlement recorded contain sites divided rooms village earlier british enclosed settlement thompson walls consists 19th century farm cottages group farm buildings notable built entirely hard rock construction church situated miles north east north water thought mean low ground wood area number ancient camps settlements shown early ordnance survey maps remains tower partly destroyed stand centre hamlet walls feet thick house scottish presbyterian chapel road south hamlet building dates rendered welsh slate roof buildings date 19th century stone construction typical farms 1850s locally dark granite mainly sandstone brought east higher status buildings house transformed traditional farmhouse small country house substantial extension built appearance enhanced use identical windows old mill pond hamlet restored northumberland national park authority seen banks lane contain colourful variety flowering plants including dog roses john bloody nearby increased value washing sheep wool slopes hill remains provided shelter watching sheep summer purple blue wild cross heath come bloom ground stone crowns summit found conceal bronze age containing burnt bones summit views plain till valley hill bell hills common heath carpet soil north hamlet railway forms walk water grey seen regular visitors summer short hunt nearby tree plantation northern bank river farm 17th century lies miles west south bank water site deserted medieval village recorded north east house single storey shelter sheds storey dating 18th century old beam forms continuous door windows building pitched scottish slate roof south house 17th century base decorated foliage heads john gentleman dwelling killed defending home scottish hill remains iron age settlement locally rare wood carpet found lake number nationally locally scarce plants present including water blunt maiden pink farm immediately north scottish border marks site large medieval hamlet recorded document records laying waste years house built facade scottish slate roof door showing year construction original owner nearby greek decoration added rising north attempt queen elizabeth replace mary queen scots thomas earl northumberland leaders betrayed seeking shelter current house built stands hare law feet high remains transport lies road runs north east ford connects bus service provided service morning journeys operated valley tours runs circular route road scottish border converted early 19th century ford trust took responsibility road border included reduced income tolls competition new railways gradually wound late 19th century responsibility highways taken northumberland county council creation 1860s onwards schemes promoted build railway line plain central northumberland railway proposed linking newcastle threat posed proposal spurred north eastern railway forward branch line company strongly supported concerned loss business farmers direct rival market shops schemes presented parliament north eastern railway route gained approval act passed single track line opened september having cost build ran turning north joined line station built handle goods traffic north eastern railway amalgamated london north eastern railway years line opened passenger trains withdrawn new owners claiming passenger numbers declined competition buses goods parcels service continued august torrential rain caused severe flooding damaging bridge water line operated separate lines termini flooding october destroyed bridge rebuild bridge british railways taken line previous year repaired bridge restoring services north goods services withdrawn remaining northern line finally closed march apart short heritage line light railway operating nearest railway station miles north east east_coast main line london edinburgh services provided east_coast main line company cross country trains miles east limited commuter service newcastle operated northern rail education national school children opened primary education age provided school pupils located miles east inspected children aged attend middle school located pupils inspected school specialist status technology college holds healthy schools awards partner school china age pupils transfer academy community high school miles north east high school inspected pupils including sixth form academy specialist status business enterprise college applied learning college awarded high performing specialist school status holds healthy schools award culture robert story known poet born father agricultural family moved frequently northumberland villages years old story ran away accompany lame excursion scottish borders month year later family moved story attended local school later claimed learned nearly learned master read badly write worse little farther rule introduced divine songs children discovered love poetry reading hills employed shepherd moved north yorkshire opened school published volume poetry duke northumberland patron financed edition works story invited centenary celebrations robert burns recited poem burns considered stands high minor poets great_britain sweet lyrics descend highly admired minute dvd hills dawn till dusk shows scene valleys including set music hills anderson film shows changing moods day progresses produced films support northumberland national park authority scott robinson painter living local landscapes states inspiration comes shifting light constantly changes surrounding landscape member network artists independent association professional artists living working northumberland award winning model railway train puzzle created wright manchester model railway society based railway aim puzzle create train consisting wagons sitting order wagons randomly selected local saying northumberland meaning friend relies loyalty saying referred betrayal sir thomas earl northumberland armstrong earl loyal roman catholic leaders rising north attempt queen elizabeth replace mary queen scots rebels captured castle advanced york little popular support facing overwhelming government forces fled north scotland earl sought shelter armstrong house betrayed james douglas earl regent scotland scots subsequently sold english government beheaded york refusing offer save life catholicism religion early chapel believed existed local parish church dedicated saint gregory great site christian worship 11th century present church dates 12th century restored scottish presbyterian chapel seating built longer use sport popular hills hill favoured destination excellent views directions large burial summit easily climbed way miles long distance trail passes south hill route holy island hill ascended valley road east hang club based newcastle hang hill works easterly west north westerly wind works best west north westerly wind