medieval household medieval household like modern households center family life classes european society contrast household today consisted individuals nuclear family household king peasant dwelling distant relatives varying numbers servants master house immediate family structure medieval household largely dissolved advent privacy early modern europe variations course great entire continent time span years possible speak classical model medieval household particularly evolved france spread great parts europe aristocratic households historical background greek latin word corresponding modern day family latin translated household family aristocratic household ancient rome similar medieval europe consisted addition wife children number clients lord attend counsel receive rewards differed medieval equivalent use slaves paid servants performance tasks difference relative security borders roman empire little need fortification aristocratic household medieval europe hand military socio economic unit 9th century onwards ideal residence castle composition result military nature medieval noble household composition male end medieval period ratio somewhat earlier date feminine element household consisted lady daughters perform particular tasks washing male servants purely military personnel numbers knights garrison castle military unit serve functions servants entirely devoted domestic tasks lower level simply local men recruited higher level positions particular attending lord filled men rank sons lord relatives presence servants noble birth imposed social hierarchy household went parallel hierarchy dictated function second hierarchy steward alternatively responsibility domestic affairs household taking care personal lord family chamberlain responsible chamber private living quarters master wardrobe main responsibility clothing domestic items roughly equal authority steward marshal officer militarily vital responsibility stables horses household charge discipline marshal higher ranking servants assistants helping perform tasks called pages ranking order young boys larger royal courts included young noble artists musicians specialists international assigning office way position household important functions medieval household storage preparation food consisted feeding occupants residence daily basis preparing larger guests maintain status lord kitchen divided bread cheese wine beer offices headed butler respectively depending size wealth household offices subdivided following list offices expect find large medieval aristocratic royal household addition offices need servants care hunting animals master held central position greater noble households likewise master high ranking officer noble birth spiritual needs cared chapel natural large household household staffed varying numbers serve administrative capacities religious ones noble households households medieval kings ways simply aristocratic households larger scale court chronicler observed ordered court deeds exploits war claims glory household thing strikes eye necessary conduct arrange ways essentially different major difference way royal household officials largely responsible governance realm administration household 11th century kings france instance ruled royal officers respects indistinguishable household officers officers primarily constable butler chamberlain chancellor naturally gain extensive powers exploit power social advancement example france rose position royal palace kings right father short gained control government king iii example found royal house stuart scotland family bore witness background service eventually central positions royal household little honorary titles bestowed greatest families necessarily dependent attendance court flanders thirteenth century offices constable butler steward chamberlain hereditary right certain high noble families held political significance finally royal household differed noble households size military element king able muster substantial force household knights reduce dependence military service subjects case richard england sided dependence household knights recruited county unpopular nobility eventually contributed downfall england semi royal household edward later edward prince wales earliest detailed knowledge obtained sources medieval aristocratic household fixed location permanently greater nobles estates scattered large geographical areas maintain proper control possessions important physically inspect regular basis master horses travel responsibility marshal noble household designed travel lord enjoy luxury went particularly kings vital governance cases kings rely subjects maintenance road costly affair visited large royal household cater entire royal administration end medieval period means communication improved households noble royal permanently attached residence regional variations aristocratic society centered castle originated medieval culture general france spread western_europe parts europe situation different northern western fringes continent society based feudal households organised ireland basis social organisation clan comprise households individuals related viking age scandinavia housing arrangements humble contemporary france england greater lords grand halls entertain large numbers guests byzantine_empire slaves employed end empire little known living arrangements byzantines buildings remain historical architectural evidence known castles rare wealthy lived palaces varying magnitude gardens rich decorations common households rural households medieval peasant families naturally smaller aristocracy resembled modern households patterns marriage fluctuated greatly course middle ages available evidence concerns higher classes source material southern europe richer rest possible rough clear average age marriage early middle ages comparatively high early twenties equal men women reason found traditions brought forward tribes equally fact confined small areas factor enforced restrictions population growth land won cultivation trend changed high late middle ages women increasingly married away teens leading higher birth rates women married reached reproductive age men possess independent means able provide family entering marriage reason average age marriage men remained high mid- late twenties peasant households significantly smaller aristocratic ones wealthiest employ servants service natural cycle life common young people spend years away home service household way learn skills needed later life time earn wage particularly useful girls earnings houses medieval peasants poor quality compared modern houses floor normally earth little ventilation sources light form windows addition human inhabitants number livestock animals reside house end medieval period conditions generally improved peasant houses larger size common rooms second floor urban medieval world urban society roman empire modern world fall roman empire caused catastrophic population towns cities existed empire 10th 12th centuries revival european city occurred increase society practice sending children away act servants common towns countryside inhabitants towns largely merchants activity strictly controlled members turn employ young people primarily boys learn craft later position guild members household family children master later perspectives end middle ages functions composition households started change primarily factors introduction gunpowder field warfare rendered castle effective defence away military function household result household focused comfort luxury significantly larger proportion women second factor brought change early modern individual focus privacy later middle ages castles begun incorporate increasing number private chambers use lord servants castle discarded benefit palaces homes tendency reinforced mean end employment domestic servants cases reduction household staff mean realignment family sense cornerstone household


yugoslav destroyer flotilla leader built royal yugoslav navy yarrow glasgow largest destroyers time resembling contemporary british designs fast ship main armament built guns single mounts intended flotilla leaders built yugoslavia completed service royal yugoslav navy undertook peacetime cruises mediterranean turkish straits black_sea october conveyed king alexander france state visit carried body yugoslavia following assassination german led axis invasion yugoslavia april captured italians refit included replacement weapons shortening mainmast funnels commissioned royal italian navy italian service mainly escort troop transport june italian force attacked allied operation convoy attempting relieve island malta july broke genoa repair refit important effective italian war prize ship world war time italian surrender allies september docked genoa seized germany plans convert radar picket night fighters abandoned august following replacement armament commissioned german_navy foreign torpedo boat designation ship saw action allied positions italian coast laying naval mines march took battle sea royal_navy destroyers lightly damaged scuttled following month germans retreated genoa development following demise austro hungarian empire creation kingdom serbs austria-hungary transferred vessels austro hungarian navy new nation kingdom italy unhappy convinced allies share austro hungarian ships victorious powers result modern sea going vessels left torpedo boats build naval forces scratch 1920s navies pursuing flotilla leader concept building large destroyers similar world war royal_navy class destroyers interwar french_navy ships known intended operate smaller destroyers half ships idea half flotilla defeat italian light cruiser class navy decided build flotilla leaders ships ability reach high speeds long endurance long endurance requirement reflected yugoslav plans deploy ships central mediterranean able operate alongside french british warships time decision french shipyards heavily committed producing vessels french_navy despite intention develop french concept engaged yarrow glasgow scotland build ships unlike french preferred install guns manufacture yarrow happy order guns firm initial yarrow design based expanded version british shakespeare class naval guns excessive weight resulted guns replaced seaplane mounting final version replaced seaplane mounting improved anti aircraft armament intention build flotilla leaders demonstrated fact yarrow ordered total guns ship late summer kingdom yugoslavia october signed contract yarrow destroyer named soon ordered onset great depression meant ship planned half flotilla built description construction similar respects british destroyers manufactured time having square box like bridge long forecastle sharp stem similar later tribal class rounded stern adapted overall length metres beam mean draught maximum draught standard displacement long tons long tons load parsons geared steam turbines driving single propeller shaft steam turbines provided yarrow water tube boilers located separate boiler rooms turbines rated shp designed ship maximum speed knots mph ideal conditions achieved maximum speed knots mph separate curtis turbine rated shp installed cruising achieve range nautical miles knots mph carried tonnes long tons fuel oil main armament consisted superfiring guns single mounts forward superstructure aft air defence twin mounted guns anti aircraft guns arranged twin mounts single mounts equipped triple torpedo tubes depth charge throwers depth charge rails machine guns mines crew comprised officers ratings laid june launched october service history completed yarrow shipyards glasgow time main guns light anti aircraft guns installed sailing bay southern adriatic fitted heavy anti aircraft guns commissioned royal yugoslav navy captain late september ship left bay sailed turkish straits black_sea coast bulgaria embarked king alexander queen maria yugoslavia visited romania bulgaria returning istanbul greek island sea arriving bay october october king alexander left bay board state visit france arriving october killed day bulgarian assassin conveyed body yugoslavia escorted french italian british ships soon replaced captain august visited french tunisia august visited istanbul greek ports northern sea near athens april yugoslavia entered world war invaded german led axis powers time command assigned flagship 1st torpedo division smaller class destroyers italians captured bay april damaged yugoslav civilians prior seizure sailed taranto southern italy underwent repairs refit renamed island near italian motor torpedo boat sunk austro hungarian dreadnought june aft emergency bridge removed replaced anti aircraft platform mainmast funnels shortened twin anti aircraft guns replaced firing star shells illumination anti aircraft guns replaced model machine guns single mounts later italian service replaced twin anti aircraft gun mount italian service crew consisted officers enlisted ranks commissioned italian navy italian regia marina february later month rescued british prisoners war survived sinking italian ship tripoli sicily early june italian submarine fired british destroyer similarities british class destroyer attack missed struck class destroyer sinking june took operations allied operation convoy attempting reach island malta gibraltar 10th destroyer flotilla supported italian 7th cruiser squadron comprising light cruisers force attacked operation convoy included fighting power italian navy including battleships heavy cruisers allied naval escort lost cruiser destroyers merchant ships combination air attacks submarines naval mines italian battleship damaged class cruiser sunk damaged italian ships class destroyer tasked tow safety harbour island sicily escort destroyer january italian destroyers transported troops axis held port north_africa completing missions months july developed engine problems sea near brought genoa major boiler engine overhaul decided rebuild lines class including wider beam improve stability shells built main guns short supply decision replace italian guns single mounts rebuild completed italy surrendered allies seized germany genoa september important effective italian war prize ship world war captured germans new guns completed initial plans called ship serve radar picket night fighters anti aircraft guns single mounts early warning radar gun laying radar surface fire control system plans soon abandoned german lack destroyers torpedo boats mediterranean decision commission foreign torpedo boat radar instead radar sets armament replaced naval guns anti aircraft guns thirty thirty anti aircraft guns quadruple twin mounts number torpedo tubes reduced number anti aircraft guns later increased twin single mounts german service total crew officers men commissioned german_navy german kriegsmarine august command served sea 10th torpedo boat flotilla immediately committed allied positions italian coast scouting tasks western gulf genoa october sailed lay mines encountered destroyer uss exchanging fire ships returned genoa hit mid march ships 10th torpedo boat flotilla remained operational night march placed naval mines cap northern tip offensive operation detected shore based radar ships engaged destroyers hms hms known battle sea sunk managed escape light damage rudder firing rounds making unsuccessful torpedo attack finally scuttled genoa april germans retreated wreck raised broken books periodicals


class torpedo boat class class motor torpedo boats built royal yugoslav navy boats built shipyard based german motor torpedo boats start axis invasion yugoslavia boats managed escape alexandria egypt continued serving allied forces remaining ones captured italian forces commissioned regia marina royal_navy italian armistice september boats taken german forces commissioned kriegsmarine finally scuttled october boats escaped allies returned yugoslavia war commissioned new yugoslav navy remained service early 1960s background description early 1930s kingdom yugoslavia facing economic recession brought great depression complicated internal political instability mid-1930s yugoslav government sought improve relations kingdom italy create new economic opportunities developing closer ties nazi_germany cooperation germany soon reflected acquisition new ships royal yugoslav navy previously acquired france great_britain deal came navy placed order motor torpedo boats built shipyard based existing german design class motor torpedo boat additional order type submarines planned happened boats measured length overall beam draught fully loaded displaced tonnes long tons main propulsion consisted petrol engines rated giving boats maximum speed mph auxiliary engine unknown power installed crew size varied depending source armament consisted torpedo tubes single anti aircraft gun boats source service history royal yugoslav navy service start axis invasion yugoslavia class boats small class boats assigned 2nd torpedo division april naval force consisting class boats ships expected assist ground forces attacking italian yugoslav high command feared invasion attack yugoslav ships instead attacked italian bombers forcing retreat april complete collapse yugoslav defences imminent prompting commander 3rd torpedo boat division suggest sail evade capture axis continue fight allied forces approached commanding officers idea rejected time unknown perpetrators causing fire deteriorating crew morale hampered milan died blowing destroyer prevent falling enemy hands following decided sail boats deemed crews leaving april boats poor condition personnel maximum speed achieve knots passing boats successfully evaded groups italian ships finally arrived bay april continuing bay arrived april bay tasked escorting convoy alexandria protecting possible attacks alexandria reunited remaining forces managed escape forming exile boats tasked patrolling outside harbor anticipation attack axis coastal craft june operated french forces syria reported tasked escorting convoys alexandria port said time boats problem lack spare parts needed german built engines axis service remaining boats captured italian forces commissioned regia marina royal_navy receiving designations standing english torpedo armed prefix denoting captured designations changed july prefix replaced new italian service boat weapons changed original torpedo armament replaced torpedo tubes original gun removed favor guns gun machine gun boats equipped carry depth charges following italian armistice september majority boats taken kriegsmarine scuttled crew september sources inconsistent boat aftermath according italian sources raised repaired german forces sunk october german sources hand claim commissioned kriegsmarine scuttled crew days later september remaining boats commissioned kriegsmarine sunk october post war service end war ships personnel exile returned commissioned new yugoslav navy croatian later redesignated stricken


yugoslav destroyer split yugoslav destroyer split large destroyer designed royal yugoslav navy late 1930s construction began captured incomplete italians invasion yugoslavia april continued build ship barring brief hiatus completed scuttled italian surrender september germans occupied split refloated destroyer later year efforts continue work ship scuttled city taken yugoslav partisans late split refloated new socialist federal republic yugoslavia able little split halted work aid equipment united_states great_britain finally allowed completed years construction began commissioned july served navy flagship career split training ship late 1970s boiler explosion decommissioned scrapped years later design yugoslav navy decided order single large destroyer repeat pair smaller class destroyers late 1930s navy planners didn believe smaller ships adequately support raiding strategy intended conduct event war italy staff decided larger equivalent flotilla leader gun italian destroyer cover escape return base raiding forces french company selected based new ship design metric ton long ton class destroyer built yarrow shipyard split named place construction chose buy components variety different nations pairs geared steam turbines yarrow boilers intended ship speed knots mph shaft horsepower purchased great_britain fire control system directors radios french armament supplied works czechoslovakia sweden ship designed armament caliber centimeter guns single mounts single caliber millimeter anti aircraft guns single millimeter anti aircraft triple mounts centimeter torpedo tubes yugoslav emphasis anti aircraft defense meant split single funnel allow guns freedom fire possible dictated boiler rooms adjacent engine room meant single torpedo hit machinery spaces ship construction ship laid july launching scheduled following year completion end time italians joined germans invading france metric tons long tons metric tons long tons material necessary launch delivered british government machinery despite french protests discovered contacts yugoslav soviet governments swedish government guns war german control works meant suspend construction split city split captured italians april hull remained undamaged regia marina decided complete ship delay months renamed ship italian city split new machinery ordered franco caliber guns guns fitted twin mounts light guns replaced czech swedish weapons torpedo tube mount removed italians planned add depth charge throwers racks capacity mines radar ship lightly damaged december disrupted progress regia marina decided suspend construction april remained nearly years completion late regia marina shortage destroyers reached point possible hull needed construction restarted high priority allowed launched july shortly change italian leadership caused work suspended august resources construction diverted finish large group small wooden fighting germans italians italian surrender september scuttled split harbor september germans occupied split days later refloated ship weeks later stripped valuable material earth strategy abandoned split germans scuttled wrecked shipyard yugoslav partisans occupied port october postwar completion new communist government yugoslavia lacked sizable warships end war decided split centerpiece new navy yugoslav navy ordered replacement parts machinery franco contacted delivery original main armament sat war warehouse damage shipyard meant navy tow ship shipyard del shortly split deprived ship main armament technical assistance needed complete launched split march free work nato powers american british agreed help complete ship machinery ordered earlier ships british agreed propulsion machinery americans provided ship armament fire control equipment electronics description split overall length meters beam meters draft meters ships displaced metric tons long tons standard metric tons long tons deep load powered parsons geared steam turbines driving propeller shaft steam provided admiralty drum boilers turbines designed produce shaft horsepower propel ship knots mph split carried metric tons long tons fuel oil range unknown crew main armament split consisted caliber inch guns single mounts superfiring pair fore aft superstructure anti aircraft armament consisted twin gun single mounts license built guns ship carried set inch torpedo tubes retained capacity mines anti submarine combat split equipped mortars depth charge throwers depth charge racks ship fitted fire control director inch guns director guns director equipped fire control radar height finding radar search radars completed radar suite service construction proceeded pace ship finally commissioned july enter service immediately navy flagship retained position career split proved heavy short ranged slow cramped service accidentally collided italian torpedo boat damaging badly immediately struck navy list late 1970s explosion split main boiler steam lines killed men standing watch boiler room boiler repaired limited speed knots mph ship stationary training ship decommissioned struck february scrapped


yugoslav submarine pennant number class submarine service yugoslav navy croatian laid regia marina royal_navy following italian armistice september unfinished boat captured germans handed navy italian social republic boat captured yugoslav partisans commissioned shortly war boat decommissioned point 1950s brief service life handed technical museum display beginning underwent restoration interior exterior included returning original italian paint scheme designation design building laid milan service regia marina english royal_navy boat measures length beam draught displaced tonnes long tons compared tonnes long tons surfaced maximum diving depth boat complement wartime crew members officer seamen peacetime boat operated crew armament consisted external torpedo tubes located sides hull propulsion consisted diesel engine electric motor mounted single shaft maximum speed knots mph surfaced knots mph underwater traveling surfaced speed knots mph boat range nmi exact figure varying sources traveling underwater speed knots mph boat range nmi service history kingdom italy surrendered allies september unfinished captured german forces completed march boat handed italian social republic saw service tenth flotilla performing reconnaissance landing point september october relocated new home port captured partisans renamed translating english boat overhauled shipyard commissioned yugoslav navy training new evaluating concept submarines future use eventually form class submarines decades later depending source exact time decommissioned differs early 1950s aftermath boat donated technical museum remained known preserved boat class museum decided restore boat beginning signs deterioration work started focused restoring interior parts command section engine room removed parts preserved restored detailed documentation state restoration custom crane constructed mounted order extract electric motor equipment weighing kilograms work exterior began tail section propeller torpedo tubes dismantled restored boat raised placed new carriers accessible visitors museum gallery work exterior included restoration boat original italian paint scheme favor later yugoslav service decision questioned changes allegedly carried greater historical relevance reliably documented history original flag fully restored boat reopened public early april


yugoslav submarine yugoslav submarine daring second class diesel electric submarines built france navy kingdom serbs later yugoslavia launched built partial double hull design similar french class armed torpedo tubes gun anti aircraft gun dive metres prior world war participated cruises mediterranean ports german led axis invasion yugoslavia april captured italian forces bay initially designated armament changed conning tower modified age shallow diving depth commissioned regia marina service limited training experimentation scuttled italians september day italian surrender description construction yugoslav naval policy interwar period lacked direction generally accepted adriatic coastline effectively sea frontier naval arm responsible securing limited resources available modest year construction program initiated build force submarines coastal torpedo boats torpedo bombers conventional bomber aircraft perform role class submarines acquisitions aimed developing naval force capable meeting challenge built kingdom serbs later yugoslavia company france partial double hull design based design similar french class croatian translates daring sister submarine class overall length beam surfaced draught surfaced displacement long tons long tons submerged crew consisted officers enlisted men operational depth shafts driven man diesel engines surfaced nancy electric motors submerged carried tonnes long tons fuel oil diesel engines rated electric motors shp designed reach speed knots mph diesel power surfaced knots mph electric motors submerged armed torpedo tubes bow mounted stern mounted gun anti aircraft gun surfaced radius action nautical miles knots mph nautical miles knots mph submerged service history second class fourth submarine navy kingdom serbs subsequently royal yugoslav navy arrived bay december british naval reported yugoslav ships engaged exercises manoeuvres gunnery training reduced budgets october visited french tunisia roads coast tunisia august september british submarine depot ship visited greece including port islands crete german led axis invasion yugoslavia began april located bay southern adriatic coast submarines flotilla subsequently captured italian corps bay good condition taken war booty initially designated refitted upper adriatic involved replacement armament modifications conning tower modifications displacement long tons long tons submerged commissioned italians class named 19th century politician mayor port split despite submerged stability good diving rate age shallow diving depth meant training experimentation scuttled italians september day italian surrender books


yugoslav yugoslav dragon built germany seaplane tender royal yugoslav navy appear role converted captured germans renamed dragon redesignated aircraft tender later troop transport rebuilt laid minefield sank allied destroyers badly damaged sea germans evaluate use helicopters reconnaissance purposes sunk allied aircraft scrapped place end world war description background royal yugoslav navy operated series seaplane bases coast world war decided needed ship transport rescue downed aircraft operations common world war decided smallest possible ship carry supplies spare parts general characteristics meters long overall beam meters load draft meters displaced metric tons long tons standard load propellers powered pair cylinder stroke man diesel engines maximum output shaft horsepower propel speed knots mph carried total tonnes long tons fuel gave range nautical miles lacked traditional funnel engine taken mainmast ship fitted single caliber millimeter anti aircraft guns mounted forecastle stern maximum elevation fired kilogram shell muzzle velocity rate fire rounds minute maximum ceiling millimeter caliber guns mounted bridge mainmast twin gun mount ship abreast aircraft hold fired kilogram shell muzzle velocity conversion carried mines single stored aircraft hold forward superstructure mainmast components moved hold aircraft crane deck assembled aircraft launched construction built hamburg germany restrictions versailles treaty built unarmed auxiliary keel laid launched june route yugoslavia severe engine fire september netherlands forced return hamburg repairs took year accepted royal yugoslav navy august finally commissioned armed finished fitting service appears little intended role salvage upside bay confirmed converted following year following conversion port visits istanbul accompanied destroyer submarines served fleet flagship witnessed new destroyer run aground sink january narrow entrance harbor shortly german invasion yugoslavia april laid defensive minefields coast main ports minefields caused loss yugoslav passenger ships captured split germans april renamed dragon germans initially support luftwaffe seaplane units redesignated aircraft rescue ship german august armament increased centimeter centimeter anti aircraft guns racks dozen depth charges transferred december reclassified troop transport modified april august service existing armament replaced centimeter centimeter guns equipped rails deck accommodate mines mines carried internally crane replaced mainmast resembled funnel meter platform built funnel main deck recommissioned august renamed november conducted number operations west_coast greece surrender italy september carry troops island october operation october unsuccessfully attacked british submarine hms companion german bulgaria sunk successful operation barrage laid east islands protect german troops battle british destroyer hms greek destroyer carrying supplies reinforcements british forces ran minefield evening october bow blown sunk attempting come aid eventually able alexandria nights later destroyer hms eclipse encountered minefield carrying reinforcements hit broke sank minutes trials helicopter embarked prototypes period january february small platform funnel land kriegsmarine german_navy wished evaluate potential anti submarine warfare reconnaissance visual detection proved possible clear weather ship attacked allied aircraft times early lightly damaged occasions nonetheless anti aircraft armament augmented quadruple mount installed bridge carried total thirteen guns guns exchanged lighter centimeter guns compensate increased weight proved insufficient save attacked british bristol afternoon september anchored harbor greek island set fire exploded sank hours later crew including commander died attack salvaged remained place scrapped end war


class landing ship class class class landing ships built yugoslav croatian navy 1980s 1990s ships built shipyard split slight differences armament configuration ships time croatian war independence started ship service completed service relocated montenegro commissioned navy new yugoslavia second ship captured unfinished completed croatian forces entered service followed laid croatia ships commissioned remain active service providing assistance civilian institutions aside regular military tasks fate ship class remains unknown development building class developed replacement large number aging barge like landing craft based german world war designs ships completed split croatia commissioned keel second ship named laid croatian war independence started unfinished captured croatian forces completed launched july final ship launched september description ferry like ships feature roll roll design loading ramps located bow stern measuring length beam draft propulsion consists alpha diesel engines mounted shafts enabling maximum speed knots mph cruising speed knots mph traveling cruise speed range nautical miles day endurance ships manned crew armament configuration differs ships armed mounted sides single quadruple gun stern single quadruple anti aircraft missile interior features rails carry different naval mines medium tanks troops equipment total cargo capacity long tons completed different gun armament place guns sides single gun bow ship completed auxiliary water carrier capacity long tons fresh water number mines carry maximum ships service history start croatian war independence relocated montenegro later entered service yugoslav navy redesignated launched entered service croatian navy february command remainder war engaged transporting troops equipment coast including supply runs croatian forces operation year ship participated testing new naval final ship class commissioned croatian navy march command according publications news reports reported operational late article published october reported egyptian navy bought year earlier advance paid official ship happened time article published march official website armed forces montenegro list fleet ships status remains unknown class croatian hands continue service navy flotilla performing traditional naval tasks support missions civilian institutions water supply transporting firefighters july damaged overhaul shipyard lowered sea pulled concrete causing ship fall creating hole hull sinking stern early reports significant damage proved false ship repaired soon crew members board time sustained minor injuries tasked transporting croatian army vehicles personnel spain nato exercise ships departed naval base october loaded trucks motor vehicle soldiers scheduled exercise october arrived deployed support operation ships stop continuing spain arriving october spending seven days sea ships returned naval base november concluding month long deployment traversed total nautical miles kilometres miles


yugoslav torpedo boat yugoslav torpedo boat class group sea going torpedo boat built austro hungarian navy armed guns torpedo tubes carry naval mines saw active service world war performing convoy escort tasks anti submarine operations following austria-hungary defeat allocated navy kingdom serbs subsequently royal yugoslav navy renamed german led axis invasion yugoslavia april captured italians main armament served royal italian navy yugoslav designation following italian capitulation september captured germany fitted additional anti aircraft guns served kriegsmarine german service crew consisted entirely croatian officers enlisted men sunk allied aircraft february port background austria-hungary naval technical committee initiated design development long ton coastal torpedo boat capable sustaining knots hours specification based expectation adriatic_sea meets sea blockaded hostile forces future conflict circumstances need torpedo boat sail austro hungarian navy german und kriegsmarine base darkness locate attack blockading ships return port morning steam turbine power selected propulsion necessary power available austro hungarian navy practical experience run turbo electric boats selected contract build vessels ahead group designation builder description construction class group boats waterline length beam normal draught designed displacement tonnes long tons displaced tonnes long tons fully loaded crew consisted officers enlisted men boats powered parsons steam turbine driving propellers steam generated yarrow water tube boilers burned fuel oil coal turbine rated shp maximum output shp designed reach speed knots mph carried tonnes long tons coal tonnes long tons fuel oil gave range nmi knots mph group funnel funnels later groups class despite specifications contract close requirements coastal torpedo boat boats classified sea going boats originally armed guns torpedo tubes changed guns torpedo tubes boat completed order armament following group carry naval mines fifth class completed laid october launched march completed commissioned august group boats completed february december designated machine gun added career world war interwar period class group small austro hungarian navy boats use turbines contributed ongoing problems boats world war convoy escort tasks anti submarine operations conducted patrols supported seaplane raids italian adriatic coast inadequate funding rest class essentially coastal vessels despite original intention high seas operations guns boat placed anti aircraft mount survived war intact terms treaty saint concluded september allocated kingdom serbs later yugoslavia class group boats served royal yugoslav navy croatian service renamed world war april yugoslavia entered world war invaded german led axis powers time invasion assigned southern sector coastal defence command based bay sister ship number craft captured royal italian navy italian regia marina operated yugoslav designation fitted anti aircraft guns place guns significant alterations italians september german_navy german kriegsmarine seized port renamed time german service exclusively croatian officers sailors complement increased germans fitted single anti aircraft guns active northern adriatic saw little action sunk port allied aircraft february


yugoslav torpedo boat yugoslav torpedo boat class group sea going torpedo boat built austro hungarian navy armed guns torpedo tubes carry naval mines saw active service world war performing convoy escort tasks anti submarine operations escort force action resulted sinking austro hungarian dreadnought sms italian torpedo boats following austria-hungary defeat allocated navy kingdom serbs royal yugoslav navy renamed german led axis invasion yugoslavia april captured italians served royal italian navy yugoslav designation following italian capitulation september captured germany handed navy independent state croatia renamed transferred yugoslav navy world war refit included replacement armament continued serve background austria-hungary naval technical committee initiated design development long ton coastal torpedo boat capable sustaining knots hours specification based expectation adriatic_sea meets sea blockaded hostile forces future conflict circumstances need torpedo boat sail austro hungarian navy german und kriegsmarine base darkness locate attack blockading ships return port morning steam turbine power selected propulsion necessary power available austro hungarian navy practical experience run turbo electric boats selected contract build vessels ahead group designation builder description construction class group boats waterline length beam normal draught designed displacement tonnes long tons displaced tonnes long tons fully loaded crew consisted officers enlisted men boats powered parsons steam turbine driving propellers steam generated yarrow water tube boilers burned fuel oil coal turbine rated shp maximum output shp designed reach speed knots mph carried tonnes long tons coal tonnes long tons fuel oil gave range nmi knots mph group funnel funnels later groups class despite specifications contract close requirements coastal torpedo boat boats classified sea going boats originally armed guns torpedo tubes changed guns torpedo tubes boat completed order armament following group carry naval mines class completed laid june launched december completed july group boats completed february december designated machine gun added career world war class group small austro hungarian navy boats use turbines contributed ongoing problems boats outbreak world war 1st torpedo group 3rd torpedo craft division austro hungarian 1st torpedo craft flotilla world war convoy escort tasks anti submarine operations conducted patrols supported seaplane raids italian coast inadequate funding rest class essentially coastal vessels despite original intention high seas operations guns boat placed anti aircraft mount allies strengthened ongoing blockade austro hungarian navy result difficult german austro hungarian boats mediterranean_sea response new measures blockading straits new commander austro hungarian navy decided launch attack allied defenders battleships scout cruisers destroyers night june left naval base upper adriatic difficulties getting harbour defence barrage opened june escorted destroyer torpedo boats including departed route harbour north rendezvous coordinated attack barrage june italian navy italian regia marina boats spotted smoke austrian ships returning uneventful patrol coast boats successfully penetrated escort screen split engage dreadnoughts individually attacked torpedoes missed command fired torpedoes hit boats evaded pursuit discourage dropping depth charges wake torpedo hits abreast boiler rooms flooded knocking power pumps capsized hours torpedoed interwar period survived war intact terms treaty saint concluded september allocated kingdom serbs later yugoslavia class group boats class group boats served royal yugoslav navy croatian service renamed june class torpedo boats accompanied light cruiser submarines submarine tender cruise malta greek island sea french tunisia clear torpedo boats involved ships crews good impression visiting malta british naval reported yugoslav ships engaged exercises manoeuvres gunnery training reduced budgets world war post war service april yugoslavia entered world war invaded german led axis powers time invasion assigned southern sector coastal defence command based bay sister ship number craft captured italian navy shortly commencement hostilities operated yugoslav designation italians september germans seized ship december transferred navy independent state croatia croatian renamed continued croatian service end war transferred yugoslav navy croatian war post war fit included replacing original guns guns single mounts guns removing torpedo tubes continued yugoslav service october stricken


yugoslav submarine yugoslav submarine class diesel electric submarines built vickers armstrong naval yard river united_kingdom kingdom serbs later yugoslavia launched design based british class submarine world war built parts originally assembled submarine class completed armed bow mounted torpedo tubes guns machine gun dive metres prior world war participated cruises mediterranean ports german led axis invasion yugoslavia april captured italian forces given number commissioned scrapped later poor condition description construction yugoslav naval policy interwar period lacked direction generally accepted adriatic coastline effectively sea frontier naval arm responsible securing limited resources available modest year construction program initiated build force submarines coastal torpedo boats torpedo bombers conventional bomber aircraft perform role class submarines new acquisitions aimed developing naval force capable meeting challenge brave built kingdom serbs later yugoslavia vickers armstrong naval yard river united_kingdom design based british class submarine world war built parts originally assembled hms completed sister submarine overall length metres beam surfaced draught surfaced displacement long tons long tons submerged crew consisted officers enlisted men operational depth class shafts driven diesel engines surfaced electric motors submerged diesel engines rated electric motors shp designed reach speed knots mph diesel power surfaced knots mph electric motors submerged armed bow mounted torpedo tubes carried torpedoes equipped deck guns forward aft conning tower machine gun radius action nautical miles knots mph service career launched submarine navy kingdom serbs later royal yugoslav navy left late january company yugoslav submarine tender submarines arrived bay southern adriatic coast april june torpedo boats accompanied light cruiser cruise malta greek island sea french tunisia according british naval ships crews good impression visiting malta june july fleet auxiliary cruised mediterranean visiting alexandria british naval reported yugoslav ships engaged exercises manoeuvres reduced budgets visited malta roads coast tunisia august visited malta time company modern french designed submarine august september french submarine depot ship visited greece including port islands crete german led axis invasion yugoslavia began april located bay submarines flotilla april received orders operation italian coastline mission proceed later captured italian corps bay given number commissioned scrapped later year poor condition books periodicals websites


class submarine class consisted submarines built vickers armstrong naval yard river united_kingdom kingdom serbs later yugoslavia launched vessels named brave fearless design based british class submarine world war built parts originally assembled class submarines completed class submarines serve royal yugoslav navy class joined smaller french class submarines pre war yugoslav submarine force armed bow mounted torpedo tubes guns machine gun dive metres prior world war submarines participated cruises mediterranean ports captured italian forces april german led axis invasion yugoslavia commissioned italians subsequently scrapped evaded capture served british submarine forces mediterranean anti submarine warfare training boat end war following war served yugoslav navy training role stricken description construction yugoslav naval policy interwar period lacked direction generally accepted adriatic coastline effectively sea frontier naval arm responsible securing limited resources available modest year construction program initiated build force submarines coastal torpedo boats torpedo bombers conventional bomber aircraft perform role class submarines new acquisitions aimed developing naval force capable meeting challenge class built kingdom serbs later yugoslavia vickers armstrong naval yard river united_kingdom design based british class submarine world war built parts originally assembled group iii boats hms hms completed end war class designed operations north_sea interwar period royal_navy deployed world including mediterranean onward yugoslav boats overall length metres beam surfaced draught surfaced displacement long tons long tons submerged crews consisted officers enlisted men diving depth shafts driven diesel engines surfaced electric motors submerged diesel engines rated electric motors shp designed reach speed knots mph diesel power surfaced knots mph electric motors submerged class armed bow mounted torpedo tubes carried torpedoes equipped guns forward aft conning tower machine gun radius action nautical miles knots mph service history submarines launched left late january company yugoslav submarine tender submarines arrived bay southern adriatic coast april june torpedo boats accompanied light cruiser cruise malta greek island sea french tunisia according british naval ships crews good impression visiting malta june july fleet auxiliary cruised mediterranean visiting alexandria british naval reported yugoslav ships engaged exercises manoeuvres gunnery training reduced budgets reported naval policy yugoslavia strictly defensive aimed protecting coastline class involved series visits mediterranean ports interwar period captured port italians german led axis invasion yugoslavia commissioned scrapped later year poor condition second class repairs following accident participated cruises mediterranean interwar period evaded capture german led axis invasion yugoslavia april royal_navy anti submarine warfare training vessel war overhauled renamed continuing training role stricken books periodicals websites


yugoslav submarine yugoslav submarine class diesel electric submarines built france navy kingdom serbs later yugoslavia launched built partial double hull design similar french class armed torpedo tubes gun anti aircraft gun dive metres prior world war participated cruises mediterranean ports german led axis invasion yugoslavia april captured italian forces bay initially designated armament changed conning tower modified age shallow diving depth commissioned regia marina service limited training experimentation scuttled island germans shortly capture september following italian surrender description construction yugoslav naval policy interwar period lacked direction generally accepted adriatic coastline effectively sea frontier naval arm responsible securing limited resources available modest year construction program initiated build force submarines coastal torpedo boats torpedo bombers conventional bomber aircraft perform role class submarines acquisitions aimed developing naval force capable meeting challenge built kingdom serbs later yugoslavia company france partial double hull design based design similar french class croatian translates sister submarine overall length beam surfaced draught surfaced displacement long tons long tons submerged crew consisted officers enlisted men operational depth shafts driven man diesel engines surfaced nancy electric motors submerged carried tonnes long tons fuel oil diesel engines rated electric motors shp designed reach speed knots mph diesel power surfaced knots mph electric motors submerged armed torpedo tubes bow mounted stern mounted gun anti aircraft gun surfaced radius action nautical miles knots mph nautical miles knots mph submerged service history class submarine navy kingdom serbs subsequently royal yugoslav navy sister submarine arrived bay december british naval reported yugoslav ships engaged exercises maneuvers gunnery training reduced budgets september british designed submarine cruised southern central mediterranean august visited malta time company british designed submarine august visited greek island german led axis invasion yugoslavia began april located bay southern adriatic coast submarines flotilla april received orders operation italian coastline mission proceed subsequently captured italian corps bay good condition taken war booty initially designated refitted upper adriatic involved replacement armament modifications conning tower modifications displacement long tons long tons submerged commissioned italians class named born italian hero world war despite submerged stability good diving rate age shallow diving depth meant training experimentation september captured germans southern tip island scuttled days later books


class submarine class submarine known type class submarines built yugoslav navy english special objects shipyard 1980s designed purpose laying small minefields transporting naval special forces shallow waters inaccessible larger submarines mission profile called small design need stay lacked torpedo armament generator battery croatian war independence dissolution yugoslavia boats relocated served yugoslav navy captured drydock croatian forces later modified entered service croatian navy boats decommissioned development 1970s institute started working new class submarines yugoslav navy project designated led lieutenant colonel tasked developing class submarines capable operating shallow waters northern adriatic small dimensions submarines able maneuver depths shallow metres abilities needed conduct offensive near enemy coastline reconnaissance transporting naval special forces hostile waters boats completed split croatia named rivers yugoslavia planned improvements included addition engine existing boats building new seventh imminent breakup yugoslavia happened realized description class featured single design measuring length average draught boats displaced tonnes long tons surfaced tonnes long tons submerged deploying naval main tasks equipped underwater exit entry chamber propulsion consisted electric motors mounted single shaft powered battery groups cells class lacked ability surface drive making dependent external power sources depot ships maximum speed knots mph underwater knots mph surfaced traveling speed knots mph range nautical miles maximum diving depth suite included active passive krupp accordance expected mission boats transport naval armed mines disposal large mines mounted outside submarines swimmer delivery vehicles carried place mines crew members boats underwater endurance hours reduced hours complement numbered personnel crew members naval boats history service boats service submarine flotilla naval base start croatian war independence boats relocated montenegro participating combat operations croatian forces captured drydock undergoing overhaul underwent modification program improved autonomy installing diesel generator recommissioned croatian navy remained service early 2000s declared redundant remaining boats entered service new yugoslav navy ones decommissioned decision ongoing major overhaul stop boat decommissioned broken appears class boats service yugoslav navy decommissioned aftermath ownership decommissioned boats passed montenegro country declared independence ending state serbia montenegro joint armed forces ministry defence announced willing donate class submarines yugoslav croatia serbia society interested accepting donation exhibiting museum croatian responded statement accepting donation national interests fleet yugoslav navy relocated montenegro beginning croatian war independence croatia claims military equipment joint armed forces stolen subject succession explains state interest compensation equipment returning obsolete damaged equipment serbia montenegro unsuccessfully trying sell hand reacted positively offer loaded truck transported road serbia hungary longer expensive sea routes roads included crossing croatian border avoided fear croatian authorities submarine restored help society army officially opened september military history park class attack submarine restored opened public museum section montenegro marina project initiated society approval montenegro financed montenegro donation submarines serbia initiated society belgrade wasn years later june government montenegro officially accepted proposal agreed serbia submarine exhibited museum science technology belgrade


class missile boat class class missile boats built yugoslav navy late 1970s shipyard croatia boats featured mixture western eastern equipment including soviet anti ship missiles swedish guns croatian war independence ship captured croatian forces overhauled eventually commissioned croatian navy use remaining ships relocated montenegro entering service new yugoslav navy decommissioned early 2000s ships class planned modified patrol boats service navy description class developed strong class built shipyard ships named people heroes yugoslavia ships measure length beam draught hull similar swedish class steel aluminium superstructure fully loaded displace long tons manned crew class utilizes engine configuration propulsion mounted shafts diesel engines economical cruising marine gas turbines achieving high speeds cruising speed knots mph maximum speed knots mph travelling near maximum speed knots ships maximum range nautical miles powered diesel engines travelling speed knots mph range nautical miles exact numbers varying source source endurance seven days gun armament class consists gun mounted bow stern development phase designers planned french anti ship missiles class main weapon system high price french asked missile possibly political reasons project changed soviet instead self defense measures include launchers ships service yugoslav navy service late 1980s early 1990s underwent modernization program included removing stern installing soviet start croatian war independence captured croatian forces overhauled commissioned croatian navy september underwent refit included removing launchers installing mounts swedish built anti ship missiles active service croatian navy rest class remained hands yugoslav navy october class frigate took battle croatian coastal batteries area operated captured guns position open fire ships initial rounds fired missed target gun quick repair missile boat targeted rounds hitting stern section causing damage gun crew didn armor piercing ammunition disposal class missile boats took battle channels jordan operating members tactical group tasked enforcing naval city split surrounding islands yugoslav peoples army endings campaign croatia ships class excluding relocated montenegro commissioned new yugoslav navy serbia montenegro boats class took incident post war service mid 1990s docked major overhaul reconstruction lack funds work completed boat decommissioned eventually sold scrap boat superstructure propulsion sensors weapon systems dismantled new owner moved boat underground naval dock peninsula boat remained years deteriorating condition caused sink inside dock wreck raised towed broken smaller segments transported steel factory june sailed italy participate international naval exercise boat left port flag navy serbia montenegro montenegro declared independence june boat exercise ship outside waters display flag new country boat decommissioned later year boat class sold kenya undisclosed price navy plans stripping boat guns fire control systems overhauled installed offshore patrol vessel expected rebuilt navy patrol boat fate remains unknown ministry defense montenegro issued strategic overview defense montenegro gore stated sufficient funds acquire new patrol boats available navy modify class missile boats use patrol boats february revealed ministry defense chose create project documentation modification missile boats planned boats stripped missile launchers aft gun allow rigid boat carried


yugoslav monitor yugoslav monitor ship class river monitors built austro hungarian navy sms danube flotilla world war fought serbian romanian armies belgrade lower danube october covering amphibious assault belgrade waterline direct hit towed repairs world war provided newly created kingdom serbs later yugoslavia renamed german led axis invasion yugoslavia april spent days airfields near hungary fought small flotilla hungarian april attacked luftwaffe anti aircraft gunners ship claimed enemy aircraft scored hits little effect unfortunately bomb dropped straight funnel exploded engine room killing crew including captain thirteen crew survived subsequently raised scrapped hungary occupation parts yugoslavia posthumously awarded order star sacrifice base serbian river flotilla sad named description construction ship class river monitors built austro hungarian navy laid november austro hungarian naval program world war broke july construction advanced taken machinery ordered works near august machinery dispatched train installation began delay launched september completed october year despite requirement sms inn constructed sister ships fact size armament identical significant design differences vessels constructed completely independent companies overall length beam normal draught standard displacement tonnes long tons crew consisted officers enlisted men triple expansion steam engines driving single propeller shaft steam engines provided yarrow water tube boilers engines rated indicated horsepower maximum ihp designed reach speed knots mph carried tonnes long tons fuel oil armed twin gun turret guns mounted forward single turrets mounted aft deck upper deck single anti aircraft guns port forward funnel starboard rear funnel equipped machine guns maximum range guns kilometres armour consisted belt bulkheads thick deck armour thick conning tower gun turrets thick original plans called open anti aircraft mounts experience existing monitors battles danube serbia demonstrated mounts needed protection small arms fire armoured barbettes added modifications meant crew conning tower unable view directly aft ship high rectangular box placed conning tower standing platform inside conning tower crew able look aft order avoid increase draught modifications hull lengthened urgent need ship service planned mast installed alternative mast constructed angle iron launched july commissioned october career world war month commissioned danube flotilla action serbian forces belgrade command richard funk french artillery support arrived belgrade november monitor anchorage having range match french guns november engaged french battery artillery duel range stalemate continued following month serbs briefly evacuated belgrade face austro hungarian assault weeks austrians withdraw belgrade soon occupied serbs reinforced russians french continued action serbia allies belgrade late december base withdrawn winter january british artillery arrived belgrade defences mid february monitors anchorage following commencement gallipoli campaign munitions supply ottomans critical despite failure earlier attempt ship arms ammunition danube attempt planned march steamer left escorted monitor sms convoy sailed past belgrade night storm monitors returned base steamer struck near coming heavy artillery fire exploded near april british picket boat brought overland rail attack danube flotilla anchorage firing torpedoes success september central powers joined bulgaria serbian army soon faced overwhelming austrian german ground troops early october austro hungarian army attacked belgrade majority flotilla heavily engaged support crossings near belgrade fortress island final river crossing support resulting near island october received direct hit waterline magazine flooded towed danger armed steamer eventually hauled repaired repairs barbettes upper deck replaced turrets anti aircraft guns despite fact particularly successful plan replace aft mount turret similar sms carried returned flotilla repairs saw action early october contributed defeat romanian offensive romanian attempt cross danube attack rear august von austro hungarian army thwarted force consisting monitors sms sms sms patrol boat armed steamer destroyed bridge near secure trains loaded coal oil november ships supported crossing danube von army following month bombarded resulting expulsion enemy troops village late december mid march ships flotilla march relocated eastern romania remained july sent overhaul dry dock returned eastern romania stationed met group monitors patrol boats operating russia black_sea october danube flotilla threat cut lower danube french forces concluded armistice british french steamer croatia fired french tried past cut tow line releasing seven ran aground croatia hit suffered casualties grounded romanian river french retrieved towed anchorage following day monitors managed release remaining heavy french fire towed upstream flotilla continued retreat danube running french serbian forces dissolution austria-hungary south went ashore austrian hungarian czech crew members flotilla continued journey arriving november began flying hungarian flag december monitors seized allies weeks later towed belgrade handed serbia maintained behalf soon formed kingdom serbs interwar period world war immediately armistice sailors newly created kingdom serbs later kingdom yugoslavia terms treaty saint concluded september transferred range vessels including river monitors officially handed navy renamed sister ship inn transferred romania renamed refitted following year river monitors navy retained commission time british naval reported yugoslav ships engaging little gunnery training exercises manoeuvres reduced budgets based command german led axis invasion yugoslavia began april assigned flagship 1st barrage division responsible hungarian border danube operational control 30th infantry division 2nd army steamed upstream hungary shell airfield april subjected daily attacks luftwaffe april fellow monitor ordered sail downstream conform 1st 2nd army following day yugoslav near signalled group hungarian patrol boats armed guns coming danube direction engaged patrol boats range drove small hungarian flotilla north followed airfield morale ship good met army elements later day aware situation crew deserted early april monitors having scuttled night attacked flying romania anti aircraft gunners ship claimed enemy aircraft scored hits little effect bomb dropped straight funnel exploded engine room killing crew survived sank having ordered burning codes sank officers dead successful anti aircraft gunners survivors occupation yugoslavia raised scrapped hungary posthumously awarded order star sacrifice april bust unveiled village near barracks serbian river flotilla sad named books news websites


class submarine class consisted submarines built france navy kingdom serbs later yugoslavia launched vessels named nemesis daring built partial double hull design similar french class class second class submarines serve royal yugoslav navy joined larger british class submarines pre war yugoslav submarine force armed torpedo tubes gun anti aircraft gun dive metres prior world war submarines participated cruises mediterranean ports submarines captured italian forces bay german led axis invasion yugoslavia april refit saw service experimental training vessels regia marina respectively scuttled september following italian surrender germans following capture italians description construction yugoslav naval policy interwar period lacked direction generally accepted adriatic coastline effectively sea frontier naval arm responsible securing limited resources available modest year construction program initiated build force submarines coastal torpedo boats torpedo bombers conventional bomber aircraft perform role class submarines acquisitions aimed developing naval force capable meeting challenge class built kingdom serbs later yugoslavia company france design based partial double hull design similar french class croatian names translate daring respectively overall length beam surfaced draught surfaced displacement long tons long tons submerged crews consisted officers enlisted men operational depth shafts driven man diesel engines surfaced nancy electric motors submerged diesel engines rated electric motors shp designed reach speed knots diesel power surfaced knots electric motors submerged armed torpedo tubes bow mounted stern mounted gun anti aircraft gun surfaced radius action nautical miles knots nautical miles knots submerged service history launched december january arrived bay southern adriatic coast december british naval reported yugoslav ships engaged exercises maneuvers gunnery training reduced budgets class involved series visits mediterranean ports interwar period captured port italians german led axis invasion yugoslavia refitted commissioned italians training experimentation captured scuttled germans september second class participated cruises mediterranean interwar period capture italians refitted commissioned training experimentation scuttled italians september italian surrender books


internet knows dog internet knows dog began cartoon peter published new_yorker july cartoon features dogs sitting chair computer speaking second dog sitting floor listening panel reproduced cartoon new_yorker earned history peter cartoonist contributor new_yorker said cartoon initially lot attention later took life felt similar person created face fact interested internet drew cartoon online account recalled profound meaning cartoon drew manner cartoon response comic popularity stated widely known recognized context cartoon marks notable moment history internet exclusive domain government engineers academics internet subject discussion general interest magazines like new_yorker lotus software founder early internet activist commented time magazine article true sign popular interest reached critical mass came summer new_yorker printed cartoon showing computer cartoon understanding internet privacy stresses ability users send receive messages general lawrence suggests knows internet force users identify local access points user university information privately held local access point internet transaction study martin problematic internet use discusses phenomenon suggesting ability self represent computer screen online phrase taken mean gender race age looks potentially absent alternatively fabricated exaggerated creative license multitude purposes legal illegal understanding echoed statements john key figure history phrase suggests ability computer cross dress represent oneself different gender age race etc level freedom dog chooses avail freedom pass privileged group human computer users access internet according bob new_yorker cartoon editor cartoon façade thrown rudimentary knowledge popular culture cartoon inspired play knows dog david play revolves different individuals unable communicate effectively people lives find courage internet protected apple internet suite named cartoon cartoon published new_yorker february features similar pair dogs watching owner sitting computer asking remember internet knew

On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog


internet watch foundation december internet watch foundation british group content english related studio album virgin killer presence controversial cover artwork depicting young girl posing nude faux glass image deemed potentially illegal content english law possession creation photographs children web systems image description page depicts cover art image remained accessible album cover deemed controversial time release replaced markets alternate cover image featuring photo band members described image potentially illegal image child age policies state censor content readers consider offensive remove content obviously inappropriate policies illegal united_states direct consequence article image based readers english affected album cover available major sites including later removed available sale action indirect effects temporarily preventing editors said contributing page preventing anonymous edits remained described damage access blocking policy contributors blocked vandalism coming directed customers barred editing appeals procedure reviewing situation reversed page december announced copies image hosted outside background album art album virgin killer featuring young girl fully nude smashed glass effect covering deemed controversial time release cover replaced markets alternate cover image featuring photo band members rca_records refused sell controversial album cover united_states cover cover caused controversy covers taken force caused controversy content united_kingdom access illegal content child pornography strictly self regulated individual internet service providers began group introduced system uses data obtained internet watch foundation organisation operates website users report web pages containing illegal dubious content added implemented order prevent users material illegal possess image child age protection children act british later government implement filters illegal content beginning addition december internet watch foundation added virgin killer article description page image users major including virgin media online sky orange demon unable access content sarah director communications said image rated scale offensive described picture erotic posing sexual activity image illegal determined potentially illegal image child age said notified december followed reporting cover image social conservative site federal bureau investigation officer concerned women america conservative christian advocacy group commented allowing image remain posted helping facilitate magazine subsequently reported discussion page associated article declared prior discussion determined broad consensus virgin killer cover removed asserted contributors favour inclusion extreme cases according guardian doesn talk people outside weren able appreciate going internet security expert richard explained borderline stuff time win adding decision based taking image context particularly given buy copy high street december reversed pages basis issues involved specific case light length time image existed wide availability effects virgin killer caused issues users united_kingdom usually internet users unique address visible websites result implemented technology traffic affected routed small number caused problems users site allows users anonymously edit articles individuals identified addresses block users site break rules makes impossible uniquely distinguish users prevent vandalism instituted blanket ban anonymous edits account british residential internet users immediate effect requiring nearly registered users request lifting accounts edit facto permanent effect barring contribution people user accounts site contribute merely address user software runs interpret allowing identify user main address address allowing ability block users individually client avoiding need block actions single user system pass information having impact reversing normal method identification blocking addresses assumed assigned individual person organisation assigned instead millions people thousands registered editors saw machine erroneous use border gateway protocol routing technology connections users networks temporarily prevented editing content hosted problem reminiscent pakistan accidental blocking youtube world instead citizens responses december foundation non profit organisation supports issued press release sites stating reason believe article image contained article held illegal jurisdiction world noting image article blocked december jimmy wales holds board appointed community founder seat board trustees told channel_4 news briefly considered legal action block removed mike general counsel foundation stated plenty troubled operations internet watch foundation december rescinded block issuing following statement image question potentially breach protection children act board today december considered findings issues involved specific case light length time image existed wide availability decision taken remove list aftermath incident commented countries implementing considering implement internet censorship plans australia electronic australia vice chairman said incident britain virtually entire country unable edit country internet watch foundation single image site illustrated mandatory sydney morning herald commented ironically banning image visible people news sites issue image spreads sites example effect time incident amazon displaying image site stated add amazon list blocked sites hosting picture amazon subsequently took decision remove image site impact study preparing bill dealing cabinet france listed virgin killer block example electronic frontier foundation criticised reasoning agree decision reverse ban wrong reasoning reversal business article place community editors legitimate reliable grown images appropriate subject matter continues assert image child porn asserts image blocked british


kevin kevin comedy strip syndicated cartoonist bill strip began september oldest continuously running april website banner stating world longest running daily strip centers mixed marriage rabbit kevin grey wolf society major difference diet kevin family includes children adopted kevin marriage wolf fox hybrid born marriage biological child rabbit comic plot revolves species related humor satire conflict kevin receives million page views month published atlanta journal constitution won honors web cartoonist choice awards major awards strip setting kevin takes place town known domain populated entirely animals comic describes world live created organization birds commonly referred fans strip great bird conspiracy birds species humans reach humans left planet birds traveled time create world humans gave intelligence fauna plan failed remove predator prey relationship result world created similar century earth greater likelihood violent death society kevin identifying people race social class class based diet wild animals leave civilization act like normal animals walking wearing clothing predation central strips jokes commonplace humans exist alternate domain referred creatures natural defenses believe fictional creatures including know exist developed introduction character human enters animal world bermuda triangle transforms rabbit later son francis born human series features jokes variety topics draw satirical parallels world making fun social commentary politics sports society class school technology pop culture corporate culture example january predator union described going strike parody writers guild america strike main characters list kevin characters strip main characters blended family result marriage comic primary characters kevin rabbit wife wolf met web forum kevin began fall love met person discovered kevin rabbit relationship developed online leads continue dating eventually marry despite knowing rest society originally kevin worked system operator web forum later owner internet service provider hare link worked herd company hunts prey job hunt animals originally hunted prey prey eaten later sold grocery stores processed meat later executive ceo company taking old boss ruthless wolf face seen apart mouth eventually pushed executive position coup started running start company fine meat products exclusively doesn hunt rabbits couple children eldest english daughter kevin adopted marriage second eldest child son marriage fox talented artist challenged kevin position alpha male unable accept rabbit head household stepfather matured come terms marriage youngest child rabbit child birth years old capable hunter kevin mother keeps trying having artistic streak like half brother regular characters include bat went high school university married half red half fox girlfriend george father married sister kevin human son francis kind world human brother originally hostile kevin accepts rabbit family unsuccessful hunting attempts works kevin hare link married george wife martha plant intelligent lives pet having intelligence dog cat world history kevin comic strips syndicated online older exist example created june months kevin syndicated cartoonist invest heavily online comic strips campbell wrote brought air legitimacy web lacked lack strip started black white changing color scheme june colored husband wife team marks strip considered animated television series latest attempt filmed spring kevin appeared daily atlanta journal constitution january winning contest new comics syndicated line considered voted readers stated constitutes bulk readership citing paper circulation kevin survived comic strips paper online poll strip voted favourite readers atlanta journal constitution currently writes strips safe uses week schedule saying interviews week instance writing week worth material drawing gags wrote kevin week week write safe drawing batch goes typical day begin writing gags begin drawing usually strips night goes bed write gags named cartoonist year work kevin strip won award best anthropomorphic comic web cartoonist choice awards nominated award kevin won award best anthropomorphic comic strip major awards supplemental internet non comic strip content kevin branched popular social network blog facebook page twitter channel characters ostensibly participating blog virtual february blog titled virtual originally posting sort private journal portal sure seen seen humans native dimension world dimension called home vast majority life post generally week talking events life friends family providing additional information insights shown strip fans commented real person couldn comments internet connection way write beginning sunday july activated portal receiver enabled time read comments blog post comments readers shared existence blog closest family friends posted comments posts main entries prolonged contact humans instinct loss soon sets necessity limit participation day week usually sundays participation characters strips set dimensions kevin blog moved hosted catherine twitter channel shortly discovered true origin human catherine turkey young son portal travel world permanently taking places restore balance cure global instinct loss crisis forced return world humans permanently portal transforms travelers species found destination world rabbit born humans world counterparts species kevin world travelers world usually transform humans catherine son transformed instead indicating fact humans time seen strip adventures catherine available catherine twitter channel posts updates include monitoring activities certain human code named subject appears connected world kevin human world king features syndicated comic strips safe set subject noted writing drawing comic strips worlds based presumed psychic connection making plain fact cartoonist bill having adventures including finally transforming humans better monitor events society married human sea captain daughter bear like human child recently dealing conspiracy rogue birds wish seize portal violence establish bird control kevin world facebook page february facebook page usually consisting witty comments links daily strips visuals kevin website reception creation kevin mainly given positive reviews criticism resident comic reviewer bob praises way comic written illustrated dealings difficult issues divorce death criticizes suburban nature saying family crises week aspirations computer related job quiet romance cities foreign nations art teenage sex review comments use satire comic writing satire usually gentle plenty review official time guide cites comic world design longevity setting intelligent animals killed strengths complained enforce aspect main characters saying kills day main character worry killed threatened near beginning comic run enemy predators presented dark evil things defeated sense handed killing gives comic lot humor maintain air humor bill allows society work everyday worst main characters review digital strips commentator describes kevin anthropomorphic strips actually like saying animals society praises quality artwork complains strip relies animal jokes kevin popular contacted late soon strip published attended convention january holds annual kevin patron social people sponsor strip works occasionally non characters strip cameos strips examples include general protection fault mercenary products books containing collections kevin strips including bonus strips currently published publishing label pencil rough productions older books originally published plan publishing role playing game based kevin released july games hare link internet service provider run kevin real life available november kevin iphone application released itunes app store app joint product developers app bill selling limited number strips app allows users read entire kevin library cartoons app contains additional features content including video cast descriptions hidden surprise easter eggs according write december newsletter rogers working strip animated cartoon series pitch cable executives writing deal


jim bell james bell born american created idea arranging anonymously sponsored assassination payments internet called assassination politics publication assassination politics essay bell targeted federal government united_states imprisoned charges tax wired called bell internet famous world notorious convict april bell authored essay called assassination politics described elaborate assassination market anonymous order killings government officials violating citizens rights following investigation internal revenue service bell arrested subsequently jailed months charges harassment false social security numbers april release bell publicly announced believed extensive federal government corruption associated criminal case going research facts file lawsuit bell filed lawsuit bell heavy surveillance harassment stalking federal agents charged intimidation stalking convicted imprisoned time decade long sentence bell protested conduct trial going far file civil lawsuits judges prosecutors probation officers defense attorneys ultimately avail released december july violating parole conditions bell parole violation hearing resulted sentence bell released march background bell born ohio attended massachusetts institute technology earned degree chemistry graduation worked electrical engineer founding computer storage device company systems company closed bell said developed financial tax related issues party member described political beliefs bell attended meetings county common law court possessing judicial authority according federal government laws portland oregon government officials trial awarded bell attended meetings order find government plants group bell subsequently involved tax dispute internal revenue service stated owed federal government assassination politics essay early bell authored essay entitled assassination politics described idea digital signatures email create assassination market predicting deaths government employees bell speculated people use net based markets openly essay ways operate scheme complex secure open potentially insecure effect arrangement create incentive people assassinate corrupt government officials offering reward claimed willing submit entry predicting given person death particular time person died time correct win pool money bell published idea essay titled assassination politics described wired mix digital cash bring ultimate forms government essay nominated award innovation design imaginative sophisticated prospective improving governmental supreme_court ruled advocating violence government officials absence imminent action protected amendment publication assassination politics bell scrutiny federal investigators list archives includes references known onwards assassination politics jim bell governments pursuit prosecution johnson files australian claimed acting assassination politics covered wired story titled online cop threats later denver post published similar story titled online threats target denver investigators says harmless disagree story written jim hughes essay attracted interest long author legal economist bob murphy criticised assassination politics scheme pair articles titled politics destruction murphy claimed assassination politics technically undesirable capitalist perspective form capitalism argue assassination markets suggested bell technically feasible revolutionary threaten illegal argues revived attempt iowa presidential markets system prediction events interest national security mike argued assassination politics accepted governments merely operate secretly critiques commentary far focused parts essay little investigation prosecution imprisonment according testimony federal agent federal government began county common law court government agent attended meetings false began lead organization according court documents bell attended meetings group nearly year february internal revenue service acted bell tax debt docking wages seizing automobile inside car investigators found bomb making instructions political literature detailed information concerning officers raided bell home april arrested year july pleaded guilty charges agents use false social security number officials alleged numbers order conceal assets bell said believe right know real social security number plea bargain bell pleaded guilty july collecting names home addresses employees home addresses fbi bureau alcohol tobacco firearms agents police clark county washington bell accepted responsibility conducting attack vancouver office convicted low level sentenced december months prison followed years federal probation condition sentence bell compelled pay release attack subjected years supervised release barred computers possessing chemicals bell june lawsuit bell accused federal government plea agreement bell asserted agreement november government violation terms government agents instructed fellow ryan thomas assault bell lawsuit alleged november purpose intimidating bell bell away family news media later ostensibly unrelated event filed lawsuit stating december days bell december sentencing solitary confinement time assault bell slip fall accident cell ostensibly wet cell floor promised month sentence illegal possession firearms relevant federal law required mandatory year sentence bell alleged sentence reduction lawsuit engineered reward bell bell claimed kept conditions days bell alleged lawsuit forged appeal case number entered court record stated ninth circuit court personnel began adding ninth circuit court documentary record regard appeal bell october amendment note signed bell bell style forged ninth circuit court appeals notice appeal filed june claim ninth circuit personnel agreed continually add false records times deleted false records substituted new false records purposes true events continuing bell access justice constitutional rights claim lawsuit bell seeks establish dozen government employees guilty numerous release conviction bell served prison sentence federal medium security prison phoenix arizona released april june year charge violating probation conditions returned november federal detention center washington following search home bell called disguised bell conducted bureau alcohol tobacco firearms agents public legally obtained let know surveillance directions month period bell compiled evidence alleged illegal surveillance government agency days leading arrest claimed agency installed covert listening device home tracking device car admitted subsequent trial stated planted covert gps system bell car tracked movements real time bell alleged lawsuit government employees actually planted illegal gps tracking device car months ostensibly allowed october warrant early bell april release prison information prior device warrant allowing planted bell alleged federal government employees illegally planted gps tracking vehicle drove june government disclosed bell stated defense lawyers bell able demand disclosure secretly planted devices bell pleaded guilty violating section law prohibiting intimidation family members federal agents forms stalking charges specified bell performed internet background checks federal agents asserted bell defended actions saying public records defend saw harassment government officials journalist wrote bell says good number observers agree investigative reporter compiling information publicly available documenting happening case set precedent affects amendment privilege journalists asserts trial judge sealed entire court file forbade defense issuing witnesses granted prosecution significant latitude making negative suggestions bell character refused requests asserts treasury department agents appear court notified ahead time required federal regulations involving media following conviction jim bell renewed attempts firing court appointed lawyer appealing case supreme_court filing civil lawsuits involved orchestrated conspiracy deny fair trial court appointed defense counsel targets included judges prosecutors probation officers defense attorneys bell modified optical fiber patent application february bell applied patent invention improve communication speeds assist long distances produce bell states mathematical models velocity light fiber improved speed light lower optical loss allow light transmitted longer distances time distance


created simpson syndicated north_america syndicate debuted january comic going independent years returning november follows adventures animals new strips released comic run ended comic centers young attending north elementary school seattle everyday elementary school issues tests surreal situations strip ceased produced currently run strip character interaction commentary based simpson political views strips reprinted book form collections released plan publishing gone print currently complete set strip archives available strip listed read list history originally started print comic strip washington college newspaper copper point journal ink brush drawing simpson claims influenced comics cartoons bloom county simpsons irregular early june monday friday daily strip year simpson won newspaper college cartoonist award strip began simpson artistic style similar strip went hiatus returned new unique style strip went hiatus times hiatus months august january january january simpson ran strip drew specifically political views appear strip won web cartoonist choice awards best anthropomorphic comic won major awards best anthropomorphic comic strip characters year old fox unidentified species called adolescent gray fox attends north elementary school seattle friend originally supposed wolf fan showed simpson photo arctic fox cubs simpson claimed absolute retained marks reference poem recognised large hat got father adopted clothing wears vest makes target practical jokes adept letting pass effect suffer bullying hands school likes stuff rubbish suffers annual usually freak accident caused gypsy curse later revealed myth passed adoptive father heritage largely unnoticed affect badly hair lose quiet usually playing straight person guidance practices humorous version told birth mother disappeared discovering perfection created perfect ice cream flavor absolute perfection incompatible world ascended higher plane existence father left born monk pair met monk came town visit decided stay considered true dad better known year old red fox girl best friend usually seen wearing set blue unlike calm chaotic destruction leaves ways avoiding work rebel opposed form authority regularly leads confrontations teacher mother destructive rebellious habits trouble infamous giving accidentally fur normally strong sense justice facing life world sees rebellions limited annoying mother playing jokes disrupting peace school matters long fun says aloud think fear reaction people dare like tries answer important questions life method finding answers makes unique adoptive father known red dragon members dragon family responsible running secret advice advice tends nonsense tried run president rainbow peace party people better party party runs house separate nation greater favourite playing house rules game complicated rules claimed opposite married mother end daily strip characters simpson claimed favorite mother lawyer older temperate version like childhood result knows deal trouble caused annoyance knows deal lend support married end strip run november december revealed october characters characters include friend constantly tries cool friends ironically friend character strip younger brother constantly major antagonists sheep popular girl rabbit minor characters include teacher principal vine bull principal school allows bullying believing repeated exposure assault tendencies german insane mad ring tailed psychiatrist school fights vine school issues dragon cousin character like charge character pirate captain child pirate alternate dimension couch people age backwards currently age biological father reception critic fred main supporters strip wrote strip gently humorous fantasy liberal political philosophy claimed anthropomorphic cartoon strips internet comment negatively loss colour changes printed editions books comic popular relatively content person writing suitable readers ages collected editions series books formed discontinued replaced second simpson wrote books larger cost making comprehensive editorial cartoonist included pages interview illustrated strips attitude new subversive online discontinued books current books


day history day history single day initiative heritage organisations aimed provide historical record everyday life british public early 21st century described world biggest blog encouraged citizens write diary entries words october official website initiative project formed history matters pass history campaign led heritage organisations submissions received november entries uploaded time students celebrities available view history matters website archive diary entries moved web archive british library library university sussex campaign received mixed reviews institute historical research david guardian dave hill speaking positively journalist john termed historical record people computers project day history launched history matters campaign led heritage organisations national trust english_heritage historic houses association order draw attention importance history everyday life aim record day day life like british people invited write blog october submit large online diary project open citizens individuals british origin inspired mass observation similar social research project founded date chosen october history matters hope ordinary day like particular national significance reflect everyday life participants historian dan snow explained project intended detailed account people normal lives ordinary mundane details boring details extraordinary people hundreds years future organisers hoped contributors discuss impact history heritage lives day submissions entry limited length words allow time drafting participants allowed diary entries end month encouraged schools invited participate day computers network set history matters website celebrities public figures voiced support initiative including stephen bob tony robinson public response afternoon october day history website received submissions rate second number grew days posted site november final total submissions received entries briefly displayed history matters website archived web archive british library library university sussex national trust described project response public hugely successful media response david institute historical research spoke positively day history remarking wonderful thing records don know interesting future promotion project director general national trust stated want day place history everyday life beginning 21st century journalist john expressed aim writing guardian despite intentions campaign going historical record people computers critical history matters general saying idea history going impact dave hill writing guardian described campaign brilliant idea following publication diary entries robert booth journalist sunday_times remarked british public lives obvious