marie champion count marie champion february french cavalry commander french revolutionary wars rose rank general division subsequently held important military commands napoleonic wars noble descent student military school graduate paris military school began military career sub lieutenant regiment father served wars louis cavalry officer outbreak french revolutionary wars commissioned aide camp marshal coalition saw service lieutenant colonel squadron commander 9th heavy cavalry regiment campaigning french armies rhine germany promoted colonel given command 9th cavalry noted led cavalry actions finally brigadier general refused promotion times past fought year general jean victor southern germany decisive campaign second coalition promoted military rank general division called command 1st heavy cavalry division emperor napoleon newly created commanding division present significant battles fourth fifth leading cavalry actions battles campaign russia commanded cavalry corps led distinction battles received severe knee wound year commanded imperial guard cavalry led dresden leipzig wounded led men engagements including wounds year member military elite french empire recipient grand member military household emperor emperor held position colonel general restoration louis awarded additional honours commands including military household king france died february buried cemetery paris inscribed arc street 14th paris named early life born father served france years louis wars polish succession austrian succession seven years war subsequently appointed major commander fortress typically member minor nobility young chose follow father footsteps military admitted military school aged noted behaved student october transferred paris obtained excellent grades years later knight order notre dame honour decorated future king louis person graduation appointed sub lieutenant sent regiment father served distinction childhood youth family led modest life father held position commander lived family additionally receiving pension holding position commander died suddenly years active service widow revenue raise son daughters influential people wife marshal contacted minister war marshal situation young result named interim captain light cavalry regiment later 4th soon transferred regiment 6th 5th left regiment fill consecutive military staff positions deputy aid adjutant general army centre december aide camp marshal beginning promoted lieutenant colonel took command squadron 2nd march transferred command squadron 9th cavalry regiment april regiment serve seven half years revolutionary wars war coalition officer 9th cavalry french revolutionary wars broke soon found position having provisional command 9th cavalry regiment senior chef lieutenant colonel regiment commander colonel fell ill end regiment army rhine integrated general corps march military manoeuvres took place colonel died end october year naturally expected appointed commander regiment place appointed senior lieutenant colonel commander 9th cavalry despite maintained decision command 9th saw action engagement march successful charge 1st squadron counter charged enemy remaining squadrons quickly caught squadron broke enemy corps commander called command army north leaving command attempted army required night march usually undertaken cavalry poorly coordinated manoeuvres cavalry infantry artillery led total failure action action initial charge corps cavalry included 9th successfully took number enemy guns counter charge forced disorder spread panic ranks oncoming infantry despite setback days later promoted rank general took provisional command regiment general took command army rhine directed troops fighting took place near 9th cavalry charged times event commander 2nd squadron regiment invoked provision new law demanding given command regiment instead request rejected provisional command confirmed commander 9th cavalry holding rank chef brigade colonel command 9th cavalry regiment took successful cavalry skirmishes november december participated battle end december following battle general division commanded cavalry division regiment tried executed alleged enemy involved incident furthermore despite member nobility harassed time radical phase french revolution campaigns war continued general louis pushing coalition forces 9th cavalry 17th regiment general commander brigade performed austrian cavalry distinct actions end year general division commander chief france army rhine noted report regiments showed bravery time faced enemy july 9th cavalry involved led cavalry actions acquired excellent reputation recognised commander knew drill men effectively beginning december french forces rhine experienced difficult period marked general charles inability general jean victor marie replaced commander chief reorganised army corps plus reserve 9th cavalry reserve cavalry intervened battle squadrons 9th committed significant moment campaign incident occurred dawn august men temporarily attached corps centre general saint saint cavalry exhausted days continuous marching decided squadron posted unusual duty elite heavy cavalry unit battle opened austrian cavalry charged stunning unprepared fled panic flight spread alarm ranks cavalry regiments seeing triumph enemy occasion best stop rout panic stricken regiments morale remained low day forced ground enemy attempt risky charge troops criticism corps commander general saint sent aide camp orders charge taking necessary time deploy men direction cavalry regiments 2nd 20th 2nd 9th cavalry regiments executed superb charge halted advance austrian infantry line day charles austria retreated field 9th cavalry numerous opportunities shine campaign rose occasion time fond regiment refused promotion brigadier general times preferring remain colonel 9th cavalry war second coalition signature treaty october marked end war coalition period peace ended formation second coalition french republic 9th cavalry regiment attached armies germany army danube command jean regiment commanding integrated general division jean joseph cavalry reserve army danube army sharply defeated battle units merged general army switzerland cavalry sent newly formed army rhine france political military situation especially losses southwestern germany culminating battle colonel accepted promotion brigadier general august given command heavy cavalry brigade formed 8th 9th cavalry regiments later brigade augmented regiments alongside brigadier general jean louis regiments included man strong cavalry reserve 1st 2nd 6th 8th 9th 10th 19th 23rd cavalry regiments cannons command year old general overall command army rhine given promising general believed forces insufficient offensive action decided fall retreat cavalry combat took place battle men brigade particular heavily engaged operations rhine coming end replaced head army louis reorganised cavalry reserve reducing brigade initial strength regiments 8th 9th cavalry campaign germany despite improvement military situation borders france remained political turmoil return campaign egypt general napoleon received hero welcome regarded france enjoying wide popular support political backing followers staged coup installed french consul immediately drew campaign plans france remaining continental enemy austria called serve consul army reserve operate italy general jean victor marie insisted retaining army rhine operate central germany consequently received command cavalry 15th cavalry 11th 12th right wing corps army rhine cavalry took actions beginning battle commander noted able daring manoeuvres subsequently leading successful charge enemy infantry chased streets nearby city french army danube defeat year earlier patrolled repulsed prince forces action fought june day consul napoleon winning south served commander autonomous unit end war second coalition successive command generals command included regiments 6th 8th attached force time enhanced solid reputation able adept cavalry commander general stated wanted helm cavalry years peace signing treaty initiated period peace european continent kingdom portugal allied kingdom great_britain consul napoleon decided military demonstration nation ordered creation observation corps chosen short list men named commander corps cavalry orders invade portugal observation corps entered spanish territory soon returned france treaty peace agreed portuguese government held commands named general division march years old military commander department sent command cavalry 5th 2nd 4th 5th regiments general army position held army disarmed french occupied city february called command cavalry reserve army ocean coast reform french cavalry arm begun september regiments heavy cavalry french revolutionary army regiments reforms established powerful regiment heavy cavalry division comprising 1st 2nd 2nd 3rd 9th 12th command given august division renamed 1st heavy cavalry division newly created named commander legion honour june napoleon appointed chamberlain empress disliked court life resigned position soon able find acceptable excuse napoleonic wars war coalition outbreak war coalition cavalry reserve corps organised command given marshal cavalry reserve included heavy cavalry division heavy cavalry division jean joseph divisions foot division light cavalry brigade regiment division soon acquired reputation best administered exact manoeuvres initial phase campaign division attached marshal louis iii corps crossed rhine danube rejoining cavalry reserve opportunity lead men combat battle men noted excellent regiments leave reduced division followed emperor attached marshal jean corps capacity supported division battle battle november 9th participated major cavalry action alongside division guard cavalry charge having advanced bulk army deep austrian territory napoleon faced enemy army men vicinity town combat began dawn december entire division reunited command placed cavalry reserve positioned left wing army command included usual regiments squadrons brigadier general 1st 2nd men respectively brigadier general 2nd 9th men respectively brigadier general saint 3rd 12th men respectively additionally horse battery 4th company 2nd horse artillery regiment division men positioned lines infantry division corps battle joined russian general won cavalry action days earlier pulled forces advancing enemy infantry corps austrian prince joseph prince threw sabre austro russian cavalry reserve combat austro russians provide infantry artillery support cavalry attack able cooperate infantry artillery taking immense casualties series actions infantry elements coalition cavalry withdrew reformed commanders joined cavalry set time aiming directly command centre austro russian cavalry closing target steadily met regiments regiments 2nd 3rd sounds heard distance away brief combat austro russian horsemen broke driven soon reformed men seeing french cavalry positioned left infantry division launched men right wing division instantly met sustained musket seeing development wheeled right men crossed infantry intervals formed men battle lines infantry charges ensued brief succession committing 1st 2nd 2nd line 9th saint brigade second line austro russian cavalry finally broken repulsed good series coordinated cavalry infantry actions able force entire force withdraw loss men approximately half force guns french despite repeated charges day 1st heavy cavalry division registered relatively minor casualties testament skill commanders 1st brigade registered killed wounded 2nd brigade registered man killed wounded saint 3rd brigade registered killed wounded regiment suffered highest casualty rate far 3rd killed wounded casualty rate cent charge rated superb brilliant report drawn general daniel chief staff subsequently mentioned army bulletin action named grand december additionally division promoted brigadier general received cross following peace austrian empire late december division stationed bavaria took winter quarters war fourth coalition campaign prussia war fourth coalition broke september emperor napoleon took heart germany memorable campaign prussia comprising regiments year 1st 2nd 2nd 3rd 9th 12th 1st heavy cavalry division cavalry reserve extraordinary speed napoleon operations 1st heavy cavalry division brigades 2nd heavy cavalry division arrive line time participate battle beginning evening october cavalry pursued routed prussian army following enemy corps cavalry regiments streets october enemy trapped city colonel 3rd negotiated capitulation nightfall resulted capture prisoners war including wounded cannons resuming pursuit prussian army division beginning october days later participated triumphant parade berlin reviewed emperor october beginning november division heading river crossed december rest cavalry reserve brief successful cavalry action bridge tried battle time action delayed thick mud slower division preceded arrived battle division took winter quarters warsaw sick leave soon called replace taking command light cavalry division divisions divisions placed line army formally placed overall command marshal jean orders act independently report directly emperor extraordinary events occur handled new mission care personally patrolling line deciding place light cavalry cover infantry outposts campaign poland early manoeuvres news russian operations left wing army command cavalry reserve ordering retake command 1st heavy cavalry division follow concentration army joining men warsaw led assigned destination arrive february days battle late action february learned death commander revolutionary wars general fatally wounded heroic cavalry charges battle emperor decided army winter quarters ensure safety outposts sent powerful column including men mission pushing enemy find short skirmish involving 1st heavy cavalry division occurred march decided heavy cavalry sent lower rest reinforced ranks winter actions regiment division numbered june men far powerful heavy cavalry division cavalry reserve included divisions 2nd saint newly added 3rd military operation resumed later division hastily directed town marshal managed retreat corps dangerous situation surprisingly losses corps cavalry reserve guard napoleon moved june found large combined arms enemy force took light horse heavy cavalry launched series charges drove enemy force continued press pushed enemy streets penetrated cavalry nightfall having fought men rested day leaving action battle 3rd heavy cavalry division beginning june emperor strategic situation decided needed northeast order prevent russian army bridge cross river russians managed cross river closer prussian allies based napoleon drew plan giving marshal army corps powerful cavalry reserve orders march sending rest troops leading thrust marshal jean reserve corps infantry divisions cavalry brigade horse temporarily attached absence senior cavalry commander overall command cavalry remained emperor campaign poland arriving corps june nightfall found position occupied russian forces early june attacked symbolic force men enemy army goal prevent enemy crossing napoleon time arrive remainder forces division arrived field battle engagements directed strategic village village needed held protected communications rest napoleon army directed division village shocked find enemy hands men retreating attempting contain enemy cover route represented corps communication line fact arrived long instructed place instructions informed happening right russian infantry cavalry pressing concerned lines communication ordered men avoid cut compromised entire plan counted powerful reinforcements arriving alarmed immediately sent aides camp urging stop enemy cutting communications emperor cost duly took command leading squadrons ordering initial position launched desperate successful charge arriving streets village cutting russian defenders badly positioned following sudden charge russian cavalry arrived time french repulsed russian cavalry momentarily securing position lively argument ensued cavalry commanders invoked position commander cavalry criticised earlier decision withdraw countered saying superior experience handling cavalry combat resumed quarrel prevent performing brilliantly command dramatic series events followed having repulsed earlier russians decided force position assembled strong infantry force preceded cavalry squadrons plus counter opted deception enemy cavalry away infantry charged enemy horse simultaneously hit flank repulsed despite numerous charges french cavalry maintained upper hand arrival emperor significant reinforcements time right general counterattack emperor planned main attack russian left wanted prevent enemy transferring reinforcements right wing battered left effect received orders harass enemy order prevent left wing orders required silence enemy guns pounding french left difficult task perfectly ended russian sector later report expressed admiration actions adding repaired earlier error mentioned bulletin battle 1st heavy cavalry division joined pursuit russian army river treaties july soon ended hostilities count empire peninsula numerous honours general received following battle suggest emperor appreciation fact napoleon regard early incident battle fault july general division named grand fifth rank order reserved greatest general officers brought annual revenue offered june paid warsaw september received empire grand count empire march offered additional paid kingdom second paid domain received acquisition bought saint neighbourhood inhabited new elite imperial france rate military figures italy generals acquired residences saint additionally offered position emperor napoleon military household dignity offered annual revenue gained importance grand general louis sent saint ambassador napoleon allegedly chose elegant manners education aristocratic posture talent administration capacity accompany emperor short campaign spain november early january charge administrative tasks linked managing emperor stable services suite commanding orderly officers emperor aides camp aides camp placed command far away emperor campaign included battles exercised field command campaign january accompanied master france outbreak war fifth coalition imminent war fifth coalition large french empire forces bloody war austrian empire believed best opportunity avenge defeat finally come austrians looking defeat france regain influence italy germany early austrian war preparations intense napoleon forced leave spain head paris main army germany spring recalled command 1st heavy cavalry divisions cavalry reserve placed time command marshal jean war fifth coalition broke division soon detached reserve temporarily attached marshal louis iii corps force assigned difficult tasks early military operations war napoleon ordered concentration army division command sent serve army initial victories napoleon concentrated bulk army including men waiting napoleon faced charles austrian army battle april april second day battle sent plain support general failed attempts managed town enemy apart plain terrain uneven hilly dangerously steep slopes cavalry action improper memorable cavalry actions entire napoleonic wars place began slopes brief cavalry engagement occurred cavalry encountered charged austrian cavalry austrians won retreated reformed vicinity french heavy cavalry divisions present divisions 1st 1st 2nd 2nd 3rd 9th 12th 2nd saint regiments strong placed forming lines regiments column men ordered forward slope plateau light cavalry repulsed moments earlier arriving plateau cavalry overtook marshal infantry les long live applauded cavalry past regiments deployed line german light cavalry protecting flanks heavy cavalry divisions clashed austrian cavalry find plateau ease prelude larger cavalry combat order protect retreat charles austria reunited entire cavalry reserve squadrons road village evening napoleon ordered cavalry disperse enemy horse position preparation charge formed regiments lines regiments line second line leaving remaining regiment saint saint division right remained formed regiment column formations light cavalry protecting flanks french squadrons advanced met intense artillery fire austrian batteries vigorously charged regiment seeing enemy charging ordered squadrons forward enemy gentle soon austrians regiment halted loaded fired thirty drew swords joined fellow energetic charge led saint followed despite determination austrian cavalry repulsed brief hand hand combat coming support kaiser regiment shared fate vincent repulsed bloody occurred sabre hits steel producing night austrian general von wounded action general von commanding entire austrian cavalry escaped capture austrian cavalry repulsed pushed marshes subsequently retreating bulk charles forces retreating pursuit resumed day dawn followed action battle austrians tried delay french pursuit fierce fighting saint men successfully charged enemy cavalry times french captured citadel saw austrians retreating left observe retreat charles napoleon crossed danube far vienna attacked charles austrian army situated northern bank river known battle french nonetheless critically outnumbered soon obvious hard time holding brigades saint 3rd 12th danube action found heroic general jean louis charging day long desperate attempt stop austrian attacks thin french battle line killed action exhausted depleted squadrons needed relieved brought forward saint squadrons charged enemy infantry allowing army maintain position second day battle received second brigade 2nd 9th regiments morning having received reinforcements napoleon sent marshal corps forward attack enemy line cavalry protected infantry columns charging enemy cavalry clear path morning news great bridge danube broken making arrival reinforcements virtually impossible forced napoleon attack order phased retreat situation french army critical marshal fatally wounded great number losses men took skill cavalry commanders contain formidable austrian onslaught order allow rest army gradually army safely crossed arm danube island men withdrawn battlefield night french cavalry subsequently celebrated role preventing catastrophic defeat day bloody setback napoleon took weeks carefully plan crossing danube launched operation late july early hours day managed substantial force river division action day battle night camped imperial guard day july directed support french right clear sector threatened arrival enemy reinforcements ordered reserve central position battlefield far village situation french left rapidly deteriorated called action napoleon ordered marshal commander cavalry reserve launch men charge austrians menacing left time essence opted wait guard cavalry heavy cavalry divisions assigned sectors battlefield decided lead forward men division strong squadrons men including brigadier general 1st 2nd brigadier general 2nd 9th brigadier general 3rd 12th led men forward hail case shot finding weaker spot austrian line pierced stormed past enemy infantry formed squares battalion went way french cavalry manage penetrate formidable masses austrian infantry commanding diminished force showing great skill handling men wheeled right charged artillery line austrian cavalry promptly intervened spearheaded regiments caught flank repulsed pursuing lines costly division preparing rapid charge support elements guard cavalry charge came marshal horse killed hit carried unconscious lines commander presumed dead know emperor orders promptly decided pull men avoid damage battered division end general action great battle great cavalry attack ease pressure napoleon left centre situation remained critical emperor launched corps general attack austrian right centre attack formation formed chance tactical huge infantry attack column square comprising divisions deep formation highly unusual napoleonic warfare squadrons sent support flank attack rest division realising advance hampered intense austrian artillery fire aimed clear enemy guns asking cavalry charge guard cavalry right 1st heavy cavalry division left direct orders emperor commander marshal action opted send men forward having positioned far arrived enemy guns moved away division suffered high casualty rate battle men horses lost heavy cavalry divisions combined losses horses extremely high animals killed injured losses men significant despite fact came contact enemy overall division lost men killed wounded foremost highly battered regiments horses standing end day casualty rate percent 9th 12th suffering high casualties charge hastily organised division artillery fire masses infantry prepared receive tactical effect win napoleon valuable time allowing retake initiative battle interlude campaigns general critical alleged failure provide proper cavalry support attack went write memoirs taken general charge end late advantage hole pierced centre austrian army days battle napoleon confronted saw failure cooperate responded emperor lively offering explanations saying consulted placement division rendering manoeuvres impossible action napoleon insisted stood finally majesty rate teach lead cavalry despite remark continue given significant commands coming years shortly bloody battle insisted given steel bid cancel saw state troops fellow initiative approved enforced peace vienna signed french empire austrian empire october ordered leave command division general retake position alongside emperor october return grand louis role diminished result given additional function general inspector cavalry active exercising function soon reputed detailed knowledge experience arm nonetheless war far away october called command 2nd 4th divisions observation corps command marshal louis reorganisation april named command cavalry corps campaign russia outbreak war russia included alongside usual combined arms army corps large cavalry reserve corps commanded respectively generals tour corps innovation criticised campaign words marshal merit presenting extraordinary spectacle eye campaign cavalry corps composed general 1st light cavalry division 7th 8th 16th 9th prussian polish light horse regiments general saint 1st division 2nd 3rd 9th 1st regiments general 5th division 6th 11th 12th 5th regiments artillery pieces having crossed river corps continuously march command campaign preceding advance army taking advanced despite marching constantly alongside emperor napoleon corps cavalry reserve saw little action brilliantly vanguard action briefly incident involving light cavalry occurred combat 8th 16th turned fled russian light horse evidence division placed vanguard army resulting loss best despite best efforts extremely long exhausting marches torrential rains absence proper fodder took toll cavalry corps numbers reduced half time additionally like cavalry corps commanders rarely troops direct control led cavalry times divisions reunited september cavalry corps saw action battle placed french right second line corps marshal managed russian left placed men right position supported advance right wing army russians making offensive comeback placed head heavy divisions saint charged bullet pierced knees battle wound end active role campaign transported moscow following battle wounded october entrusted mission commanding convoy wounded generals main trophies captured lines mission exposed great danger famine extreme cold impacted health allowed return france recover injury war sixth coalition remains french army completely evacuated russian territory december defeat sparked anti french sentiments germany prussia joined russians forming sixth coalition hostilities continued early wound allow return action offered prestigious position colonel general january replacement general louis died exhaustion wound lucky bullet pierced knee tore flesh leaving intact having missed campaign general recalled field command knee wound cured accepted helm guard cavalry complement including dragons campaign military operations took encountering enemy isolated cavalry actions action came battle dresden guard cavalry supported marshal attack extreme left conjunction marshal young guard infantry divisions guard cavalry needed epic battle nations leipzig placed reserve guard cavalry artillery spring action napoleon received news saxon coalition camp firing soldiers moments allies situation french troops desperate position general division placed close saxon lines particularly napoleon soon came aid command guard cavalry horse artillery launched charge regiments dragons unable hold sector situation changed october explosion bridge main retreat line french rearguard blocked city leipzig guard cavalry field battle useful covering retreat remaining french forces retreat dangerous situation occurred october bavaria camp coalition austro army men general von fought command emperor previous campaigns tried block french retreat delay french force arrival rest coalition forces means necessary achieve goal possessed numerous artillery pieces powerful cavalry squadrons comparison french forces dispersed units remained cohesive combat capable ensuing battle placed troops forest expected french retreat positioned cavalry left placing command field marshal lieutenant despite napoleon sent forward men deployed forest intervention foot guards soon required fought alongside french past sight french shook morale abandoned position forest brief fight fire grand battery french infantry soon stop napoleon positioned general artillery battery brought support general horse artillery guard pieces grand battery pieces soon able respond adequately austro guard instructed protect battery enemy positioned men guns seeing development sent cavalry men charge grand battery steady french fire devastating coalition squadrons turned safety manage french guns crossed battery guard cavalry immediately driving gun line danger aid launched pursuit repulsed enemy horse encountering breaking austrian regiment regiment regiments personal command field marshal lieutenant manoeuvre resembling wheeled men left rushed enemy infantry breaking thick fighting offensive comeback cavalry momentarily dangerous situation duly rescued regiment took entire cavalry broke remaining enemy squares cavalry pushing men river action left free silence grand battery saint division light division corps received light wound battle role compared russian author friedrich von battle campaign france final campaign took place french soil bleak circumstances french saw huge coalition armies invade france beginning year campaign command horse guards included 1st 2nd regiments general general general dragons general entire guard horse artillery men soon saw action january battle companies horse artillery officer called veteran campaigns italy egypt personal favourite emperor completely destroyed guns commander captured enemy napoleon extremely irritated failure heavy cavalry guard protect gunners loss cannon guard artillery occurred battle rare battlefield defeat napoleon guard cavalry charged initially successful enemy cavalry faced steady ranks russian prussian flank threatened enemy soon withdraw leaving cannon rejoining emperor took battle instructed protect artillery joined attack guard infantry farm suddenly wheeled left men fell unprepared enemy infantry charging home routing troops subsequently pursuing combined attack guard resulted great number prisoners captured enemy guns receiving light wound process men took battle emperor ordered guard cavalry turning enemy left subordinates general colonel brilliantly broke enemy squares february personally led brilliant charge battle supported cavalry action decided battle charging men allowed fall enemy columns crushed guard cavalry subsequently participating highly successful pursuit enemy losses reached casualties cannons lost emperor following battle nightfall mood changed found loss guard horse men captured march reported capture resulted general subordinates failing provide escort guide presence napoleon summoned repeated losses cannon previous battles shortcomings failing properly escort emperor angry napoleon promptly announced general replace helm old guard heavy cavalry episode apparently strained relations emperor napoleon general thick action campaign february present near city negotiations armistice ongoing village nearby despite formal orders continue fighting armies ceased combat took men attacked enemy troops charging streets village negotiations taking place french envoy armistice talks saw development found protesting action responded emperor aware negotiations taking place orders capture position delay february emperor moved leaving forces near observe movement prince austrian army guard cavalry accompanied emperor ensuring protection clearing way bloody cavalry skirmish march cavalry skirmish occurred march numerous enemy cavalry capturing bridge despite enemy polish launched heroic pursuit capturing enemy cannons munitions taking significant number prisoners teenage russian prince march battle incident occurred seemingly indicating sort disagreement general emperor battle raging general emperor staff came told orders relieve command health prevent exercising duties responded ill able retain command unusually bad humour incident subsequently led brilliant action ordered cross broken terrain climb steep cavalry artillery order fall enemy right flank managing bring ridge formed line launched enemy pushing disorder russian battalions wounded action injury continued lead men napoleon allegedly ordered assault fire nonetheless ordered men halt advanced position asked explain behaviour replied send men die vain attacking napoleon revoked order military engagement long career march eve battle kilometres emperor present circumstances departure unclear certain left village command day days later napoleon wrote war minister inform general health allow exercise military duties authorised sick leave paris general taken interim command guard cavalry battle general subsequently given permanent command restoration having left command general march days later convoy officers heading paris road capital attacked managed disperse convoy escort officers fought way sabre hand run river reaching general got isolated preparing cross river horseback horse shot throwing general ground stood swam bank river safety event activity campaign suggest health main reason departure army unlikely emperor decided replace given tentative approach battle general subsequent provisional status commander departure likely resigned following disputes emperor general arrived paris remained restoration followed napoleon general officers swear allegiance new king france louis number honours general gesture encouraged generals swear allegiance new regime april named extraordinary commissioner king 2nd military division april member commission charge dissolution napoleon imperial guard given distinction knight order saint louis june july called command military household king france captain lieutenant 1st company grey despite positions financial situation declined severely restoration general highly honourable behaviour napoleonic wars unlike fellow napoleonic generals drawn revenues living costly lifestyle considered normal nobleman earning high revenue positions empire additionally napoleon constantly paying high best generals napoleonic aside salaries months brought dignity colonel general suppressed transformed title inspector leaving salary captain lieutenant king military household death resting place second half following long continuous campaigns europe years health general badly deteriorated suffering wounds recent war fatigue death bed recorded said carefully reflected action born life wrong said christian faith asked son recommended king protection favour services passing away told son heritage follow example live honourable life general count marie champion died february paris leaving wife son pension year granted general widow king france final resting place cemetery paris division reads inscribed arc paris family family ancient nobility linked history region gave soldiers centuries members instrumental ensuring allegiance king rewarded monarch fidelity named state counselor general count child jean charles champion born died wife born champion september general married niece minister louis charles parents charles general count wife child champion having followed father grandfather footsteps military rose rank squadron commander resigned army general count nephew charles champion saw successful military career later rose rank general division considerations commander general reported man spirit excessive damaging reputation number enemies months spent spain commanded orderly officers emperor aides camp senior generals general staff acquired unwanted reputation service point subordinates reported knew came military matters posture extremely imposing tough keen eye knowledge arm shocked saw cavalry manoeuvres sarcastic times insulting subordinates went far noticeably displeased trying offer person insulted behaviour mood particularly bad days service received number light wounds short period time foremost fallen emperor period severely squadron commanders executing order fast sacked chief staff colonel minor fault character proud independent commander apparent career nature typical great cavalry commanders time led clashes peers incident led duel senior cavalry commander men occurred july days battle opposed general commander 3rd heavy cavalry division claimed respective troops exclusive rights use small farm pond found men refused way engaged heated argument point came duel order settle matter end senior won incident erected sign saying pond times directed superiors senior battle later recognised actions division battle glorious famously responded napoleon criticism battle saying majesty rate teach handle cavalry years later campaign russia king naples complained lack resistance horses yes lack patriotism battle day resigning recorded refused execute napoleon order assault saw death sentence men instead told emperor going death lead brave soldiers behaviour campaign described perfectly honourable times humane trait illustrated french revolutionary wars spared effort protect captured wrath revolutionary army showed respect occupied populations tolerated violence men sign gratitude offered gifts times seen refusing sending campaign recorded accepted large sum money immediately distributed local hospitals evidence humanity care displayed lives men reluctant sacrifice sake glory overall heavy cavalry commander best men available napoleonic wars precise perfect knowledge cavalry tactics better preparing attack daring likes prevent leading memorable cavalry charges napoleonic wars said reacted calculated placed command talents keeping training troops surpass peers illustrated right start napoleonic wars organisation cavalry reserve marshal command units reserve given best cavalry commanders available including jean joseph louis louis jean despite fame quality commanders regiment division acquired reputation best serviced exact manoeuvres commander men continually manoeuvre battle believing distract danger facing battlefield talents demonstrated superb charges contributing glorious victories french empire comparisons superb prussian cavalry commander friedrich von

Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty


kenneth taylor kenneth taylor december november new united_states_army air corps second lieutenant pilot stationed pearl harbor japanese attack december fellow pilot friend george managed fighter plane airborne fire taylor claimed shot japanese dive bombers confirmed taylor injured incident received awards efforts including distinguished service cross purple heart taylor later commanded squadrons stationed united_states served years active duty joined alaska air national_guard worked insurance industry retiring pearl harbor experience portrayed film film pearl harbor taylor died complications november buried arlington national cemetery early years military training shortly birth oklahoma taylor father joe taylor moved family oklahoma taylor graduated high school entered university oklahoma pre law student year joined army air corps years later graduated aviation training brooks field near san_antonio texas april reaching rank second lieutenant assigned class june assigned 47th pursuit squadron army airfield honolulu hawaii began flying weeks later 47th types aircraft obsolete began training advanced fighter taylor accumulated flight hours training attack pearl harbor pearl harbor prior attack pearl harbor december taylor spent night playing poker dancing officers club fellow pilot george sleep local time taylor hour half later sounds low flying planes machine gun fire explosions taylor quickly pants night called auxiliary air field eighteen fighters located orders told ground crews armed ready takeoff new drove japanese aircraft pilots sped miles taylor times reached speeds mph climbed fighters fueled armed ammunition took headed barber point southwest tip initially saw unarmed group american flying fortress bombers arriving mainland united_states soon arrived mast field dive bombers second japanese attack wave bomb ordinance pearl harbor pilots outnumbered immediately began firing dive bombers taylor shot dive bombers able damage damaged aircraft considered taylor probable kill pilots ran ammunition headed field additional ammunition carry landed avoid friendly anti aircraft ground fire ground officers told taylor leave pilots able convince officers allowing fighting plane flight dive bombers began took landed minutes taylor men loading ammunition taylor plane left ammunition boxes wing scattered away bombers taylor quickly took jumping armament ammunition boxes fell plane wing pilots realized took away incoming aircraft targets airborne headed directly bombers additionally low flying bombers attempted fire grounded current elevation risk crashing taylor advantage began immediately firing japanese aircraft took performed taylor headed group japanese aircraft combination clouds smoke unintentionally entered middle formation seven japanese rear gunner dive bomber fired taylor aircraft bullets came inch taylor head exploded cockpit piece went left arm entered leg taylor reflected injuries interview saying consequence scared hell minute years interview taylor received crew chief found seat shot dive bomber aircraft injured taylor taylor damaged aircraft second probable kill pulling away assist pursuing zero fighter zero rest formation soon broke pursuit left return carriers taylor neared taylor continued fire japanese aircraft ran ammunition pilots headed landing driving taylor passed squadron commander major gordon austin noticed wearing attire unaware earlier shouted men saying know war pilots explained commander thanked interview taylor reflected actions wasn bit terrified let tell young stupid realize lot danger records awards according 25th infantry division lightning museum different american pilots able surprise attack record japanese aircraft kills air corps records credit kills taylor new research japanese combat reports confirms taylor got kills probable kills included taylor claimed interview know certain shot planes don know 13th anniversary pearl harbor attack united_states_air_force stated determine pilots shot japanese bomber attack shot enemy bomber difference time seconds case air pilots agreed survived battle claim credit title kill pilots survived taylor taylor lead aircraft fight credited kill efforts pilots able divert japanese destroying air field japanese intelligence know prior attack taylor later reacted attack saying believed better trained pilot enemy good equipment proud action december war department december designated taylor american heroes world war awarded distinguished service cross january taylor learned receive award mid december reading newspapers award united_states_army second highest honor heat combat additionally later received distinguished service medal legion merit air medal purple heart injuries sustained men recommended medal honor turned taken orders military national_guard service pearl harbor attack taylor assigned 44th fighter squadron went south pacific henderson field able record additional aerial kills january december years pearl harbor brought total number career kills making flying ace officially taylor credited aerial victories december january injured air raid sent united_states trained pilots preparation combat europe assigned 12th pursuit squadron end world war taylor reached rank major went philippines command squadron united_states_air_force combat jets lockheed shooting star commanded special weapons test group tactical inspector general office worked pentagon deputy chief staff plans air command long range joint staff years active duty retired colonel soon started assistant adjutant general alaska air national_guard retiring brigadier general taylor worked insurance industry alaska personal life depictions film taylor married flora love morrison oklahoma met visiting father hawaii married years children daughter tina son grandchildren great grandchildren lived anchorage taylor vacation hawaii year taylor son later retired brigadier general commanding alaska air national_guard position held father 50th anniversary pearl harbor attack taylor met japanese pilot wave bombers attack pearl harbor pilot reflected taylor efforts impressed taylor storm pack japanese fighters taylor told reporter hatred japanese people started war taylor technical adviser portrayed film film pearl harbor featured sequence characters portrayed ben took skies fight japanese sequence understood fill taylor roles characters bear similarities taylor unlike taylor consulted pearl harbor film later called adaptation piece trash distorted death contracting illness hip surgery years prior taylor died november assisted living residence arizona son stated wanted remembered good father husband grandfather great grandfather loyal important war cremated later buried arlington national cemetery june military honors alaska senator stevens gave eulogy united_states senate prior service arlington


alexander alexander russian november november december chief marshal aviation soviet air_force russia involvement second world war lauded man piloted red air_force dark days present master tactical air power twice given title hero soviet_union number soviet decorations gifted air_force commander leading men soviet armed forces involved nearly exploits air_force world war forefront developments command control air combat techniques war arrested order forced chief confession implicated marshal conspiracy imprisoned death joseph teacher writer death early life career born village red army party member served regiment russian 7th army helped uprising march served platoon commander anti guerrilla fighting having graduated military academy moved air_force served chief operations took command light bomber squadron expelled party armed forces admitted commissioner military district turn arrested served chief air_force staff military district prior serving soviet finnish war service conflict promoted major general earned order continued command air forces military district outbreak world war second world war early setbacks russian army hand nazi_germany air forces took number strikes advancing german armies including soviet air operation war june cost germans aircraft time noted skill command innovation particularly unknown use radio coordinate bomber flights july expanded command include air forces northern northwestern baltic fleet germans approached forces flew sorties briefly held position deputy air_force commander february april commander red army air_force deputy people defense ussr aviation position began soviet air_force worked specifically creation separate divisions air corps improvement line coordination siege successfully persuaded marshal turn joseph air_force ready planned counter offensive argument commanders eventually conceded substantial period development able provide aerial blockade german forces destruction enemy planes later operations destroyed planes battle introduced new innovations shaped charge bombs night fighters ground attack aircraft battle saw combat aircraft available besieging armies soviet air marshal recommending low level heavy night bombers dropped tons bombs city operation hero soviet_union june united_states awarded legion merit transferred pacific theatre fight japan hero soviet_union second time work forming large air armies bomb japanese forces china korea post war career january submitted plans lay modern soviet air_force industry supply april enacted stripped rank titles arrested reason conference discovered united_states better spy planes soviet_union interrogated tortured day forced read confession marshal tried military sentenced years labor camp released years sentence following death june reinstated chief marshal aviation able ideas practice plan newly available jet aircraft nuclear weapons wage possible future war united_states laid shown turned proposal favor missiles following retirement accepted offer head higher civil aviation school worked years professor awarded order red banner retirement wrote number works aviation warfare educate new soviet air_force pilots died aged december honours awards twice hero soviet_union orders orders red banner orders 1st class order 1st class order red banner labour orders red star jubilee medal military commemoration 100th anniversary birth medal defence medal defence medal victory germany great patriotic war jubilee medal years victory great patriotic war jubilee medal thirty years victory great patriotic war medal victory japan medal capture medal capture berlin medal veteran armed forces ussr jubilee medal years workers peasants red army jubilee medal years soviet army navy jubilee medal years armed forces ussr jubilee medal years armed forces ussr medal commemoration anniversary chief commander legion merit usa grand cross order legion honour france order red banner order polar star


december june german luftwaffe military aviator world war fighter ace credited enemy aircraft shot combat missions majority victories claimed near arctic ocean northern sector eastern claimed victories western claimed victories western allies flying jet fighter born main german empire pilot youth volunteered service luftwaffe following flight training posted heavy fighter squadron fighter wing claimed aerial victory norway october aerial victories heavy fighter pilot received german cross gold posted 5th fighter wing september received knight cross iron cross november aerial victories june appointed following aerial victory awarded knight cross iron cross oak leaves august appointed september march given command operating defense missions june took command defended invasion normandy claimed aerial victories theater included victory july conversion training jet fighter appointed commander 7th fighter wing operational jet fighter wing world november promoted major major took command january position held end hostilities killed car racing accident june early life career son plant nursery owner born december main grand german empire brother served pilot luftwaffe pilot german air sports association maiden flight november july logged flight pilot total hours minutes powerless flight flights instructor mountains bavaria joined military service luftwaffe 2nd company replacement unit october promoted reserves december world war posted line unit august years start world war unit fighter wing heavy fighter destroyer squadron flying twin engine seat unit stationed norway operating area support finnish operations soviet_union continuation war germany regarded operations region overall war efforts eastern provided finland critical material support military cooperation flew combat mission war september war arctic claimed aerial victory fighter october awarded iron cross 2nd class november promoted reserves february phase military career got trouble superiors lack discipline times comrades intervene save punishment january max flew ground attack mission railway line claimed shot roughly kilometers miles northwest railway station claimed hurricane shot aerial victory february flew escort fighter missions bombers attacking present day received iron cross 1st class february february claimed hurricanes shot fourth fifth victories redesignated 5th fighter wing march april claimed victories shot april combat missions west april took emergency intercept mission soviet bombers shot bombers aircraft hit defensive fire right engine started burning forced enemy returning german lines safe belly landing ace day time shot enemy aircraft aerial victories escort mission victories claimed aircraft 2nd soviet guards composite aviation division lost hurricanes destroyed damaged claimed 20th victory shot hurricane west june augmented group 4th group command led number renamed remained transferred reserve force active service promoted second lieutenant july early september transferred flying single engine single seat fighter date pilot claimed aerial victories addition locomotives installations radio station railway station ground targets destroyed awarded german cross gold gold september knight cross iron cross time time based present day russia took combat mission september spent days single engine fighter aircraft mission flown fighters combat air patrol vicinity flight encountered enemy aircraft filed claims lend lease fighters shot victories claimed taking total victories week later september patrolling near soviet airfield mission claimed aerial victories hurricanes shot september claimed victories course combat missions mission shot bell second mission began encountered formation roughly aircraft claiming hurricanes shot time space seven minutes ace day achievement took total aerial victories october tasked fighter protection reconnaissance aircraft engine seized west managed nurse aircraft german lines picked hours later mountain infantry patrol brought following event given week rest returned combat october combat missions achieved ace day status claimed victories mission second mission day took total aerial victories honored presentation knight cross iron cross des november following winter break claimed victories march achieved multiple victories day claims march victories march victories march numbers march ground attack mission airfield march action month claimed shot mission hit anti aircraft fire forced landing picked returned april flight aircraft claimed soviet aircraft destroyed loss enemy aircraft credited shot took score aerial victories claimed destroyed representing victories promoted june oak leaves knight cross claimed victories june north brought score aerial victories june appointed squadron leader period june july claimed aerial victories leadership heaviest fighting occurred june claimed victories hurricanes shot day later claimed aircraft shot comprising victories july led aerial victories providing fighter cover departing german naval task force claimed reconnaissance aircraft shot flight enemy bombers torpedo bombers spotted claimed 100th aerial victory 43rd luftwaffe pilot achieve century mark returned airfield having sustained losses encounter claimed seven victories mission taking total victories july achievement earned mention information bulletin issued headquarters achieved ace day status fourth time july claiming aerial victories numbers following victory awarded knight cross iron cross oak leaves des mit august member honored presentation adolf_hitler wolf hitler headquarters present day poland luftwaffe officers presented awards day hitler awarded oak leaves major lent received swords knight cross oak leaves placed command september october november added victories score achieved november peninsula end 2nd group ordered relocate south near lake relocating arrived new airfield november action november january 2nd air fleet middle sector eastern support defensive battles flew combat missions february achieved fifth ace day taking total february claimed aerial victory end february relocated present day march claimed victory victories claimed march ground attack aircraft march ace day achievement saw total increase aerial victories late march transferred far north based defended offensive appointed group commander march claimed aircraft shot april april taking victories end april relocated withdrawing arctic time claimed victories day shot taking total victories eastern end transferred defense duties relocated airfield germany combat western promoted june june arrived command 1st group major killed flying accident days took command allied invasion normandy began counter invasion elements transported france train afternoon ground personnel flown airfield south following day took combat achieving ace day status day combat western victory republic shot claimed shot minutes later afternoon resulted aerial combat roughly near course encounter ended claimed shot june final elements arrived making unit complete evening claimed shot aerial victories airfield came heavy fighter bomber attack june followed attack june resulting significant damage airfield june filed claim aerial victories sergeant alfred took course minutes shot victory killed action crashing near shot day hit engine forcing bail near saint airfield rendered forced relocate moved makeshift airfield constant attacks german airfields forced july time vicinity flew combat air patrol july resulting claim lockheed destroyed credited victories second shot south day took heading south engaged formation encounter claimed victories numbers given days rest july ordered operate enemy fighter bombers attacking german positions area mission shot typhoon near minutes later tasked fighter bomber mission july attacking enemy positions near number ground attacks came attack numerous flying height meters feet managed shoot south commanding general 2nd fighter corps alfred accompanied inspected airfield july july led number missions combat area near encountering enemy aircraft mission day having taken encountered enemy fighter bombers near aerial combat lost pilots success july tasked flying cover mission claimed aerial victories shot typhoon mission north typhoon minute later northwest fourth victory north american shot near july tasked combat air patrol mission greater area received order spotted vicinity ensuing aerial encounter altitude shot south aerial victory minutes later shot opponent achievement earned second mention july left july went vacation bad withdrawn combat moved period rest conversion training ground personnel transferred 6th fighter wing conversion training ended october disbanded shortly iii 3rd group october october ordered der present day poland given command newly forming 7th fighter wing flying operational jet fighter wing world named walter killed action november fighter pilot credited aerial victories recipient knight cross iron cross oak leaves swords diamonds des mit und assessing jet aircraft operational conditions equipped aircraft heavily armed faster allied fighter general der general fighter force adolf hoped compensate allies numerical superiority november der luftwaffe air_force high command ordered equipped appointed wing commander initially formed stab headquarters unit iii remnants created november pilots personnel 3rd fighter wing placed command appointed commanding respectively new year day married teenage love near best man wedding friend walter succeeded following death flying accident march promoted major january replaced shortly relieved commands aftermath fighter pilots revolt early command achieved success end world war europe march claimed aerial victories berlin boeing flying fortresses shot achieved confirmed victories seven bombers fighter flying survived war credited total aerial victories including western claimed combat missions later life motor racing driver war killed circuit june modified single start number crashed lap formula motor race awards received following awards iron cross variant 2nd class november 1st class february der luftwaffe july pilot german cross gold september knight cross iron cross oak leaves knight cross november war officer pilot oak leaves august war officer mentioned twice addition recommended knight cross iron cross oak leaves swords des mit und aerial victory recommendation received der luftwaffe air_force high command air_force staff office january declined february time aerial victories required swords awarded dates rank


henry september january american physicist discovered later championed type nuclear weapon working manhattan_project los laboratory world war early life henry born richmond michigan september attended college small college mother older sister uncle attended years family moved california transferred stanford_university received bachelor_of_arts degree interest physics inspired work robert enrolled graduate school california institute technology wrote thesis absorption high energy supervision anderson confirmed theory espoused process noted large energy losses lead agreement theory walter contributed research led discovery anderson awarded nobel prize physics year anderson discovered cloud chamber measurements cosmic rays discovery theory particle nuclear force anderson collaborated high altitude studies cosmic rays confirmed robert theory air showers produced atmosphere cosmic rays contained obtained evidence gamma rays generate manhattan_project work early world war raging europe united_states joined team led charles william department terrestrial institution washington national bureau standards washington worked proximity work successfully completed recruited work manhattan_project los laboratory early advocate development technique assembling critical mass atomic bomb suggested richard early discussed introductory lectures given los scientists robert urge development unable find initial enthusiasm concept fellow los scientists presented substantial technical analysis late april considered beginning research los remained unimpressed appointed head new group test group group captain william parsons division gun type nuclear weapon preferred method research constituted backup embarked intensive series experiments testing cylindrical result series distorted shapes progress member team hugh james british mission conceived idea explosive lenses shaped charges focus force explosion seemingly problems shock wave brought progress crawl september team grown people month john von came los request von impressed concept working edward old friend series suggestions von able create sound mathematical model enabling present proposal greatly expanded research program recommended george specialized knowledge precision use explosives brought help program february parsons deputy april tests sample produced nuclear revealed bred contained times hitherto produced unwanted spontaneously decayed produced promised cause sufficiently quick critical mass assembly apparent work practical bombs powerful gun constructed small carried aircraft difficult separate giving rest manhattan_project difficulties worked produced quantities allow regular production atomic bombs technique suddenly stood key production nuclear weapons mid june report detailing team led replaced head group june remained technical adviser program group leader status said episode august reorganization los laboratory group renamed group leader method championed bomb exploded trinity test fat man bomb dropped nagasaki modern nuclear weapons later insisted real invention given credit later years world war ended left los associate professor university washington spend rest career course professor resumed studies cosmic rays cloud chamber new device invented measure speed charged particles known particularly interested properties conducted experiments participated project helped design large scale underwater interested insisting spite skepticism colleagues proper scientific investigation retired professor emeritus continued research activities long health permitted afflicted disease presented department energy award citation read participating discovery share discovery particles invention technique assembling nuclear explosives finding solutions engineering difficulties later life troubled nuclear weapons helped told interviewer overwhelmed feeling terrible guilt think history bomb terribly worried current world situation hell died seattle january complications disease


major general sir john august february british_army officer served divisional commander world war commanding division battle old card poem general served south_africa boer war royal outbreak world war given command brigade sent reinforce western november led early taking heavy losses battle september given command 35th division new army division soldiers saw action battle months action exchanged commander 33rd division commanded 33rd mixed results spring offensive division helped defensive line portuguese expeditionary corps routed war retired rural served local justice peace high sheriff county deputy lieutenant ceremonial colonel old regiment royal early career born bristol eldest son reverend john vicar wife paternal grandfather charles prominent merchant mayor bristol whilst maternal grandfather john previous vicar uncle john later conservative north john children sons daughter death brothers john passed army joining central india horse years winchester college entered royal military academy passed academy appointed royal 7th foot lieutenant february spent years regiment attending staff college leaving promoted captain december served staff deputy assistant adjutant general india promotion major december married head couple sons daughters saw active service boer war arriving south_africa november second command 2nd battalion royal served battalion end war following promoted lieutenant colonel given command 4th battalion promotion colonel relinquished command battalion going half pay later took position assistant adjutant general egypt held posting aged transferred command reserve unit devon cornwall brigade division territorial force brigadier france following outbreak world war august expeditionary force seven regular divisions service france time territorial force activated replace home defence duties expeditionary force represented regular units stationed united_kingdom half strength regular army remainder scattered stations empire mainly india mediterranean units withdrawn quickly replaced indian territorial units formed new divisions reinforce expeditionary force division numbered 43rd assigned duty india free regular units staff support units held form framework new 8th division formed returning regular battalions result relieved command territorial brigade october assigned command newly formed 23rd brigade battalions garrison duty malta egypt regular units having spent long period colonial stations considered partially trained compared units serving expeditionary force 8th division sent france november immediately arrival battalions deployed hold section line week closing stages battle brigade major action command march committed action battle 23rd brigade met heavy resistance began attack failure divisional artillery bombard large section defenders trenches 2nd middlesex making frontal attack wiped completely lead battalion brigade 2nd undamaged sector took heavy losses losing officers retreating confusion quickly learned yards line decided continue attack able artillery support possible approach send reserve battalions second assault suffered heavy casualties outset quickly called discovered corps artillery fire positions attacked west withdrawn having taken high casualties achieved little attack continued whilst success divisional sector achieved 23rd brigade following brigade reinforced territorial battalions battle 23rd brigade held reserve 8th division escaped heavy casualties attacking brigades noon scratch force available infantry pushed forward divisional commander support brigades including units brigade divisional command relinquished command brigade clarke late june promoted major general returned england command newly formed 35th division new army volunteer division division mainly drawn industrial areas northern england high proportion men normal regulation height army service officers encountered 35th bernard montgomery recently posted brigade major brigade later serve 33rd division division transferred france early preparation summer offensive year moved line february ordered series small raids company battalion strength following months 35th deployed battle assigned corps fourth army held reserve battle albert opening phases attack early july fought battle ridge subsequent attacks high wood took heavy casualties week brigade lost thousand men strength division rested week early august returned line immediately end month badly planned potentially attack farm cancelled minute facts pointed montgomery new plan substituted attacking battalion took farm light casualties following withdrawn quiet sector line september major general commanding neighbouring 33rd division relieved command arranged exchange 35th division transfer september decision rotate commanders appears desire active command 35th occupying relatively quiet sector presumably felt effective commander active division met officers new battalions early october recorded pleasant human old habits unpopular men stopped regular issue division shortly taking command replacing tea instead infantry greatly displeased describing suited command church mission troops justification smoke religious lasting description written period officer 33rd battalions subject satirical poem general 33rd new army division wave 35th lost original new army composition late composed equally territorial regular new army battalions 35th 33rd originally formed battalions units drawn local communities men serve alongside friends colleagues public schools battalions pupils elite public schools initial units transferred case units disbanded men trained officers number close units remained division following arrival division withdrawn months missing battle saw fighting end fighting plan produced divisional command capture german trench system night failed 33rd remained march transferred participate offensive division fought second battle late april took prisoners suffered heavy losses followed series attacks line late night observer noted tail right troops sadly added despite great success refused issue second attack complete failure later explained attack having distraction support coming battle interpretation greeted observers following fighting 33rd moved belgium build planned operation breakthrough coastal coupled amphibious landing german lines operation cancelled division remained hospitalised temporarily relinquished command remained hospital months time missed heavy fighting 33rd battle viii corps commander hunter sacked current divisional commander philip wood lack aggression simon view returned division november amid rumours got return posting personal influence division remained reserve april german forces attacked spring offensive battle portuguese expeditionary corps effectively wiped leaving mile wide gap british lines 33rd ordered position personally commanded divisional machine gun battalion assistance retreating units helped turn heavy german attack battle april service april commanders 12th 55th 61st divisions appointed knight commander order bath 33rd train american 30th infantry division summer went offensive september seeing action battle canal battle battle organised dawn attack improvised bridges allowing 33rd force successfully clear opposing bank short time division finished war valley began february division retired army aged thirty years service retirement following end army career took residence manor village lived life retired country gentleman justice peace deputy lieutenant county served high sheriff return active army post held ceremonial royal honorary coastal brigade royal artillery 4th territorial battalion regiment died february survived wife children sons served second world war eldest son bernard killed action november commanding battery royal horse artillery north_africa daughter rachel notorious gang hit headlines interwar years masked appearances bags money save properties national trust scholarship fund provide access higher education children servicemen established june remains existence


michael walker baron walker field marshal michael john walker baron walker born july retired british_army officer commissioned served cyprus northern_ireland variety staff posts united_kingdom given command battalion mentioned despatches service second tour duty northern_ireland time subsequently served tour gibraltar promoted brigadier unusually having held rank colonel took command 20th armoured brigade germany corps chief staff major general walker appointed general officer commanding eastern district assistant chief defence staff ministry defence took command nato allied rapid reaction corps deployed balkans walker officer command land component nato led implementation force service multi national forces balkans awarded american legion merit command walker spent years commander chief land command appointed chief general staff professional head british_army promoted chief defence staff cds professional head british armed forces cds walker attracted controversy armed forces allegations prisoner abuse iraq war comments media coverage iraq endangered british troops walker retired subsequently appointed governor royal hospital post held married children early personal life born salisbury british colony southern modern day william walker walker née walker educated southern yorkshire school grove school west yorkshire spent months teaching preparatory school joining british_army walker married victoria née couple children sons daughter lists interests sailing shooting tennis skiing golf early military career attending royal military academy walker commissioned royal regiment second lieutenant july served platoon commander 1st battalion promoted lieutenant january posted cyprus year tour served northern_ireland troubles attending staff college promoted captain july serving staff position ministry defence walker promoted major end rejoined 1st battalion company commander based wiltshire took staff post promoted lieutenant colonel served military assistant chief general staff appointed officer order british_empire new year honours list december command 1st battalion walker served tour northern_ireland time later tour gibraltar mentioned despatches recognition distinguished service northern_ireland unusually walker promoted directly brigadier end having held rank colonel took command 20th armoured brigade based germany holding post chief staff corps high command walker attained general officer status promotion acting major general took command north east district 2nd infantry division having served gulf war promoted commander order british_empire later granted substantive rank major general december february going serve general officer commanding eastern district assistant chief general staff december october december walker appointed commander nato allied rapid reaction corps headquarters germany promoted acting lieutenant general granted substantive rank lieutenant general march queen birthday honours appointed knight commander order bath walker command deployed balkans december commander land component nato led implementation force return november command bosnia indirectly criticised richard refusal use authority perform implementation tasks including arresting indicted war criminals based statement white_house meetings christopher assumed commander use authority substantially meeting admiral smith shattered hope smith british deputy general michael walker clear intended minimalist approach aspects implementation force protection smith signalled extensive public statement people live program pale television odd choice local media appearance appointed companion order michael george end succeeded sir mike jackson walker promoted acting general appointed commander chief land command january granted substantive rank general april recognition service walker awarded american legion merit degree commander granted permission wear decoration september appointed aide camp general queen elizabeth_ii succeeding general sir michael rose turn succeeded general sir richard promoted knight grand cross order bath new year honours list end having served years commander chief walker appointed chief general staff professional head british_army april taking general sir roger remained years promoted chief defence staff cds professional head british armed forces succeeding admiral sir michael later lord cds walker criticised media coverage british deployments iraq particular claimed attacks black watch enhanced news reports location went result media coverage response wished ill meet like bomb comments rejected spokesman national union journalists generals turn start blaming reporters mistakes sign aren jobs properly walker general sir mike jackson chief general staff attracted controversy reforms armed forces included amalgamation army regiments form larger regiments leading loss historic names interview bbc october walker suggested army recruitment adversely affected iraq war commented war afghanistan said lot work military small years years long term going solved short term month gave interview sunday_times said soldiers morale damaged war british public later walker instrumental drawing new procedures treatment british service personnel accused iraqi prisoners following claims army abandoned soldiers charged connection prisoner abuses february walker headed military delegation bulgaria discuss military cooperation british bulgarian governments walker gave evidence iraq inquiry february spoke funding invasion iraq subsequent planning honorary roles lord walker held variety honorary ceremonial roles different regiments granted honorary titles colonel commandant deputy colonel queen division royal regiment april honorary colonel 3rd battalion duke wellington regiment west riding yorkshire volunteers october relinquished june succeeded general sir john colonel commandant army air corps held title april relieved lieutenant general sir richard later general lord appointed honorary colonel royal regiment succession major general patrick stone succeeded deputy colonel brigadier john major general went succeed walker honorary colonel february retirement walker relinquished appointment chief defence staff april retired army succeeded cds air chief marshal september walker appointed governor royal hospital holding post february resigned suddenly november announced receive life december created baron walker county suffolk sitting house_of_lords given ceremonial appointment deputy lieutenant greater london walker appointed honorary field marshal queen birthday honours arms

Michael Walker, Baron Walker of Aldringham


james walker royal_navy officer james walker july officer royal_navy served american war independence french revolutionary napoleonic wars rising rank rear admiral walker spent early years navy british waters invasion north american waters saw action decisive naval battles war particularly reached rank lieutenant end hostilities spent interwar years travelling continent returning service outbreak war french participated key naval actions period service glorious june securing promotion commands career ended accusation orders led dismissal navy reinstated time develop plan subdue commanded ship battle battle copenhagen earning nelson praise actions early napoleonic wars spent caribbean walker played important role revolution took surrender french garrison time spent escorting convoys walker joined ships covering transfer portuguese court brazil struck friendship prince regent association royalty continued services transporting duke alexander russia king frederick william iii prussia duly invested companion order bath knight order tower sword later years spent managing fleet american coast war commanded ships end wars retiring rank rear admiral family early life james walker born son james walker wife novelist mary daughter alexander 5th earl entered navy aboard gun hms southampton december serving captain william went jamaica january returned british waters service north_sea english channel sir charles hardy fleet invasion crisis serving channel southampton captured gun french portland men aboard walker sent assist removing prisoners remained board help pumping danger sinking despite efforts suddenly sank nearly taking walker water minutes rescued william succeeded philip command southampton august ship returned jamaica walker continued serve june transferred gun hms princess royal flagship rear admiral walker appointed act lieutenant june assigned hms sir samuel hood squadron north_america hood walker saw action battle september battle july battle april battle men killed wounded walker verge promoted intimate friendship father admiral sir george carried superseded admiral hugh walker remained previous rank continued aboard present action october hms london encountered french gun british ships chased bay haiti ran aground wrecked walker received lieutenant commission years peace end american war independence walker visited continent touring france germany italy vienna news reached political troubles dutch began journey england hope commission travelling forest near attacked armed men fired coach demanded passengers money walker attempted resist left fellow passengers knocked robbed thrown ditch took money rode believing walker dead came suffering sabre cut head carried wounds treated free charge local authorities recovering sufficiently brought frankfurt local lodge offered financial assistance arrival presented prince bishop friedrich joseph von archbishop gave letter detailing adventure forest near commending bravery despite assistance walker unable reach england dutch crisis returned travels germany outbreak russo turkish war created new opportunity walker russians offered command ship admiralty refused grant permission accept walker obliged turn despite walker returned service royal_navy appointment september gun hms champion based captain edwards transferred gun hms january serving english channel captain richard fisher left ship february spent nearly year home active service december appointment gun hms intended flagship walker old commander rear admiral philip escorted convoy ships east india company walker remained shortly outbreak war revolutionary france june transferred gun hms captain honourable arthur lieutenant french revolutionary wars promotion temporary commands attached channel_fleet took atlantic campaign lord howe repeating ships glorious june fighting walker role signal lieutenant secured promotion commander july went volunteer hms stint acting commander hms gibraltar april temporary command bomb vessel hms terror received appointment july temporary command gun hms ordered escort east safe latitude return having escorted merchants designated point received news fleet english merchants assembled need escort dismissal orders return walker gathered convoy escorted britain controversial action merchants claimed worth million considerable risk enemy vessels walker escort spanish authorities greatly arresting officers charges having smuggled merchant money port demanding walker court walker justified pointing imminent alliance france spain despite lords admiralty sympathetic cause found guilty orders dismissed navy lords advised join fleet west_indies sir hugh christian dispersed ship walker travelling returned port suggested wait britain spanish declaration war walker reinstated navy list march order council mutiny shortly mutiny broke walker proposed attack ships heavily armed fitted commissioned admiralty june carry walker set thames got far news reached submitted operation longer necessary appointed acting captain hms july conveyed baltic bound convoy merchants far return appointed captain gun hms august acting capacity ships fleet heavily involved mutiny walker took join admiral adam duncan fleet north_sea short time able restore good order aboard able play significant role battle october approached dutch fleet walker gathered crew addressed saying enemy shall lay close aboard opportunity washing stain characters blood foes quarters duty battle engaged dutch ships hour half forcing surrender lost men killed wounded took tow despite sailing strong gale reached shelter roads days later battle decisive victory british dutch walker captains rewarded having post rank confirmed october receiving naval gold medal thanks parliament attended service thanksgiving paul cathedral december assisted captured enemy colours later commands copenhagen walker took command gun hms veteran february transferring quick succession gun hms gun hms prince george gun hms prince lastly gun hms isis october commanded isis north_sea baltic_sea channel_fleet isis assigned baltic expedition admiral sir parker joined rear admiral nelson squadron battle copenhagen april plan attack improvised minute ships ran aground trying enter harbour including nelson flagship hms elephant walker took isis engage target elephant ended fighting danish gun battery eventually nelson able work way line left walker task took position passed nelson took hat cried brave walker begun better half hours intense fighting isis opponents heavy cost officers men killed wounded nelson came aboard isis following morning thanked walker men brave efforts peace napoleonic wars caribbean haiti walker received appointment command new gun hms july took convoy merchants jamaica continued employed despite navy following peace received command gun hms vanguard january resumption hostilities assigned blockade saint captured gun french frigate bound port prince troops general morgan july captured french gun taking prize jamaica walker returned station october demanded surrender french garrison saint garrison men besieged forces generals jean short food agreed surrender walker taken order save vengeance besieging forces saved lives provisions rapidly exhausted forced return port resupply point cape fall missed considerable sum prize money convoys walker given command prize march sailed jamaica chatham men embarked equal number french prisoners closely watched passage case attempt ship arrived england incident walker paid repairs received command gun hms march escorted convoys east indies quebec voyage east indies ships laden treasure safely quickly walker arriving months day departure voyage quebec company frigates delivered convoy delayed port december setting sail caught gale newfoundland banks ran miles days bare poles returning walker assigned station sir given command squadron frigates brig watch enemy portuguese service october walker transferred gun hms sent lisbon sir smith decision evacuate portuguese royal family brazil prior capture portuguese capital lisbon napoleonic forces hms joined hms monarch hms london hms escort portuguese ships british squadron commanded commodore graham moore fleet dispersed heavy able rejoin ships carrying days later british ship escort rest thirteen week voyage walker struck friendship prince regent wanted create member order owing walker religion instead recreated military order tower sword prince regent invested honour immediately created walker knight commander order april making senior knight commander order walker spent years court rio_de_janeiro addition honour received prince regent portrait set valuable diamond ring letters walker good service royalty americas walker return britain asked received orders join fleet north_sea command took blockade admiral john narrowly avoiding wrecked gale january repaired joined admiral william young admiral scott summer walker selected accompany duke journey collect alexander russia king frederick william iii prussia formed fleet assembled royal review trips bring army units continent september took command squadron carrying advance guard invasion force occupy new_orleans major general john campaign senior naval officers sir alexander rear edward went ashore leaving walker manage fleet owing water kept miles offshore later years walker continued receive employment despite end wars france america commanding turn gun ships hms hms queen hms northumberland paying northumberland september nominated companion bath june promoted rear admiral july walker reportedly cheerful friendly officer won respect good nature commanding officer william young complimented keeping state high discipline period months weeks command northumberland praised actions crew fought fire broken dockyard threatened destroy entire yard james walker twice married daughter general sir john commander chief ireland marriage produce children death walker married sarah fourth daughter jones couple sons eldest entered army younger sons charles frederick thomas followed father navy rear admiral james walker died near sussex july age short illness