battle battle fought september beginning battle battle formed set piece battle fought september months palestine campaign world war infantry phase battle british_empire 60th division corps attacked captured section line nearest mediterranean coast cover intense artillery barrage including barrage naval gunfire egyptian expeditionary force victory entrenched ottoman eighth army composed german ottoman soldiers began final offensive ultimately resulting destruction equivalent ottoman army retreat remained capture thousands prisoners miles territory hills border modern day turkey end battle desert mounted corps pursued retreating soldiers damascus days later time armistice signed allies ottoman_empire weeks later captured battle 3rd 7th 75th divisions attacked entrenched ottoman_empire eighth army defending defences defences located middle section line assigned corps left battle fought battle fought right cavalry phase battles battle battle fought corps force known battle developed major set piece offensive large formations allied attacked responded reactions ottoman armies time following plan offensive resulted defeat ottoman forces palestine syria operations began final offensive ultimately resulting destruction equivalent ottoman army retreat disarray remained armies defeat army group commanded von resulted capture thousands prisoners miles territory stretching hills battle desert mounted corps pursued retreating german ottoman soldiers damascus captured days later pursuit continued close border modern day turkey weeks final offensive began captured armistice signed allies ottoman_empire ending fighting theatre battle began intense bombardment infantry divisions corps attacked defences continuous trench system ottoman line advanced left flank protected 60th division advanced coast capturing headquarters eighth army right flank secured 54th east division palestine defending ottoman line attacks 3rd 7th 75th divisions divisions ottoman eighth army 7th 20th 46th infantry divisions ottoman corps 19th division german asia corps end day battle ottoman 7th division ceased exist ottoman line previously stretched east west coast pushed bent run north south seventh army inland forced withdraw eighth army conform new ottoman line background july clear german spring offensive france forced offensive plans palestine failed resulting return trench warfare western coincided approach campaign season palestine middle_east general commander egyptian expeditionary force anxious september expected capture ottoman seventh eighth army headquarters road salt hills east jordan river reason moving line encourage new indian troops arab allies reorganisation infantry 52nd lowland divisions british infantry battalions 10th 53rd 60th 75th divisions sent france august remaining british infantry battalions reinforced british indian army battalions infantry brigades reorganised british battalion british indian army battalions exception brigade 53rd division south african indian battalions british indian army 7th division arrived campaign january followed 3rd division april 54th east division remained previously british division april infantry pioneer battalions prepared palestine battalions identification numbers upwards formed removing complete companies experienced regiments serving forming new battalions indian infantry battalion formed company 56th rifles 51st 52nd 53rd regiment formed second battalion dividing experienced new companies battalion parent battalions supplied line transport experienced officers war time service indian infantry commanding officer british indian officers included men transferred 38th transferred experienced september indian infantry provide honour guard men parade served different fronts pre war campaigns indian battalions deployed palestine recent experience combat lost experienced company replaced recruits battalions formed experienced troops fought trained seen prior service war total troops recruits indian battalions junior british officers green speak battalion indian officer spoke english british officers communicate men indian battalions served infantry divisions employed defence lines communication line september line held began virtually sea level point mediterranean coast miles north north ran miles south east plain east hills miles rising height feet sea level hills line fell feet sea level jordan valley continued miles dead sea foothills mountains prelude british plans preparations quarter line stretched miles plain mediterranean_sea corps deployed infantry desert mounted corps cavalry artillery guns attacks eighth army remaining quarters line ending dead sea infantry cavalry guns corps force deployed facing ottoman seventh fourth armies battle begin attack mile stretch line jerusalem railway running north cut line mediterranean mounted divisions corps infantry divisions supported densely deployed heavy siege batteries infantry divisions corps commanded british lieutenant general sir edward advantage total numbers times defenders heavy artillery concentration surprise speed key elements warfare planned infantry divisions corps begin battle attacking overwhelming strength supported greatest possible weight artillery objective breaking german ottoman line assigned 60th division create gap sufficiently large enable cavalry safely advance rear german ottoman forces hills second objective assaulting defences assigned 3rd 7th 75th divisions successful initial attack attack tire line cavalry breakthrough coast corps advance capture headquarters ottoman eighth army cut railway lines sections lateral rail line hills branch valley railway denied seventh eighth ottoman armies lines including important railway junction transported supplies hills british infantry divisions continue attack swinging north east right push defenders trenches away coast hills brigades corps 3rd 7th 75th divisions attacked defences 54th east division palestine defended covering right flank right corps begin battle hills support main attack corps advancing capture seventh army headquarters blocking main escape route hills attacks force central powers retreat main line communication roads branch lines valley railway ran alongside hills pass plain known valley ancient plain armageddon miles away damascus plain site important communication thousands captured cavalry successfully exploited infantry victories objectives desert mounted corps swift capture 4th cavalry division swift capture army group headquarters 5th cavalry division swift capture australian mounted division 3rd light horse brigade occupation plain plain southern jordan valley form round positions ottoman seventh eighth armies hills british_empire deployments actual frontage directly attacked british_empire infantry miles long continuous miles gaps deployment terrain unfavourable frontal attack advance planned right flanking movement infantry divisions aimed bring touch point advance ottoman units areas unfavourable frontal attack forced withdraw threatening captured rear final deployment minutes darkness moon set dawn placed divisions right angles direction advance corps 60th division deployed closest coast 7th division right 75th division longest frontage followed 3rd division 54th east division finally palestine eastern end corps line foothills hills corps reserve german ottoman forces preparations august central powers army group commanded von consisted line organised divisions defending miles long armed rifles light heavy machine guns high number machine guns reflects ottoman army new tables organization eighth army soldiers supported guns headquarters army held line mediterranean coast north hills eighth army organised corps 7th 20th 46th divisions asia corps 16th 19th divisions german battalion groups german detachment 2nd cavalry division reserve german asia corps known left wing group high component machine guns commanded german colonel von asia corps linked eighth army corps coast seventh army iii corps inland facing units british corps 7th 19th 20th divisions held shortest frontage entire army group 7th 20th divisions held total miles trenches 7th division held miles nearest coast 20th division held miles asia corps 19th division held miles trenches inland 46th division formed reserve miles line near eighth army headquarters divisions highly regarded fighting formations ottoman army 7th 19th divisions fought iii corps gallipoli 20th division fought end gallipoli campaign served year fighting russians eastern regular army division raised stationed palestine referred arab division corps supported majority army heavy artillery counter battery operations ottoman army heavy artillery batteries palestine 75th batteries deployed ottoman line regiments alerted major attack imminent views force ottoman armies suffering greatly strained supply system overwhelmingly outnumbered effective strengths infantry battalions 16th infantry division equal british infantry company men men assigned 19th infantry division taking account large number machine guns asia corps divisions problems supply system february resulted normal daily palestine grains bread boiled beans morning noon night oil defences defences consisted continuous trench system line ottomans dug lines trenches varying depth miles defences centred village stretched coast developed system defences miles beginnings system ran plain ottoman armies defences defence relying line trenches required inch ground fought flexible system better suited situation september ottoman army intelligence accurately placed infantry divisions detachment opposite eighth army consequence 46th infantry division moved miles south west new reserve position tire directly ottoman corps line divisions battle september bombardment bombardment artillery trench mortars machine guns began firing german ottoman second lines trenches corps intense bombardment closely resembled western style bombardment continued half hour guns deployed yards coastal sector cover bombardment leading infantry advanced line arrival barrage lifted began firing ottoman line attempt systematic attempt artillery cut wire leading units cut hand carry way crossing artillery organised weight targets heavy artillery employed counter battery fire guns inch objectives range field artillery barrage infantry advance delayed field artillery bombarded ottoman line infantry advance arrived pounders royal horse artillery batteries lifted form barrage infantry range barrage began firing range yards extended yards guns lifted moved forward rate yards minute yards minute yards minute divisions separate uniquely timed advances 7th division attack western sector 7th division consisting 19th 21st 28th brigades commanded major general advanced cover bombardment barrage moving forward rate yards minute assault western end defences west right 60th division advance objectives captured advance capture second system trenches defending tire artillery support guns range process moved forward 7th division 19th brigade consisting 1st battalion 28th rifles 1st guides 20th 21st brigade machine gun company attached formed columns british wire column frontage battalion wide initial attack 28th cover barrage completely successful included capture battery men 1st guides second attack tire defensive line 1st battalion rifles met opposition eventually successful subsequently men rifles captured soldiers machine guns defending crossing marshes second battery captured position trenches german ottoman force covered crossing seized 1st battalion remaining battalions 21st brigade 2nd battalion black watch royal 8th rifles captured line system defences cover barrage advanced capture prisoners 7th division advanced position allow 4th cavalry division advance capture 21st brigade process reforming return 1st guides 20th 19th brigade 1st guides arrived 21st brigade brigade marched tire 75th division captured concentrated east village 19th brigade moved tire 21st brigade continued advance eastwards road 20th heavily machine german battalion foothills hills objective stopped miles village 2nd battalion royal came assist attack succeeding capture brigade 7th division 28th brigade consisting 2nd battalion regiment 51st 53rd 56th rifles supported recently returned brigade royal field artillery completion barrage brigade reached point north east marsh turned east advance battalions diamond formation eastern road advance guard 56th rifles drove rearguard position miles north west tire survivors rearguard position established yards east lower ridge second rearguard position captured soon occupied brigade north east south village 75th division attack centre comprising brigades 75th division advanced brigade reserve cover barrage lifted rate yards minute bombardment line accurate leading infantry units able yards advancing line shells suffering casualty fire brigade advanced leading companies indian infantry rifles left centre companies 5th battalion somerset light infantry brigade attached brigade formed advance guard attack isolated defensive line yards main defences 4th battalion wiltshire regiment 3rd rifles brigade advanced right units attacked barrage successfully captured objectives including isolated ottoman line trenches main trenches ottoman batteries advance guard consolidated capture isolated trench line main columns formed brigades moved main defensive works tire position defended ottoman eighth army reserve division 46th division commanded major held extensive fortified trench system surrounded network making formidable obstacle brigade continued advance 4th battalion duke cornwall light infantry rifles artillery formation ottoman batteries south west fired indian infantry yards shortly indian bayonet attack captured seven guns detachments trenches defending tire brigade composed 4th battalion wiltshire regiment 3rd rifles 3rd imperial service infantry advanced leading companies line remainder artillery formation 4th battalion wiltshire regiment right 3rd rifles left quickly captured main line trenches barrage advancing capture supported south african field artillery brigade moved forward completing barrage firing line established edge tire advance miles 4th battalion wiltshire regiment 3rd rifles brigade reserve targeted defenders exposed shot attack eventually reinforced brigade fourth battalion 3rd imperial service infantry armoured cars cavalry squadron compelled ottoman defenders evacuate tire corps headquarters captured retiring ottoman force pursued armoured cars reserve brigade comprising remainder 5th battalion somerset light infantry 3rd rifles 29th indian infantry moved forward 75th division suffered casualties brigade 3rd division attack eastern sector objectives 3rd division consisting 7th 8th 9th brigades break defences advance east capturing railway advancing foothills hills 9th brigade consisting 2nd battalion regiment 1st rifles burma infantry light infantry began advance supported barrage lifted moved forward rate yards minute brigade moved taped stretches man land heavy ottoman barrage high explosive shells fell little rifle machine gun fire approached trenches west light infantry 2nd battalion regiment attacked german ottoman infantry attempted stop advance burma infantry 1st rifles advanced cut second trench line running threatened counter attack north stopped detachment 1st rifles captured prisoners machine guns constant cutting telephone lines bombardment making visual signalling impossible commander 9th brigade rode forward assess situation ordered advance continue 9th brigade moved eastwards crossing railway mile north west burma infantry centre light infantry right 1st rifles left 2nd battalion regiment reserve ottoman 20th division completely overrun progress left slowed reserves asia corps west eventually captured light infantry companies burma infantry nightfall german officers prisoners captured attack 8th brigade consisting 1st battalion manchester regiment 47th rifles infantry began west 1st battalion manchester regiment ain infantry tell advanced rapidly capturing line defence road company manchester regiment advanced sides railway eventually reaching bridge west fired village railway machine guns infantry advanced occupy 47th reinforced attack railway supported intense minute bombardment shortly pack gun machine guns captured infantry bombardment covered 1st battalion manchester regiment attack easily captured ottoman defenders quickly withdrawn consequence advance 7th brigade 3rd division threatening cut artillery fire brigade directed captured minutes later 8th brigade advance resumed tire tell objectives reached brigade night strong outposts 7th brigade advanced 7th rifles right 27th left 1st battalion rangers left rear support cover barrage heavy artillery machine gun fire attacked ottoman line defences supported high explosive ottoman artillery fire 27th suffered casualties dense clouds dust smoke brigade advanced capture brigade ordered support 8th brigade attack order received advance night eventually halting miles west ottoman defenders reports telephone communication ottoman cut minutes later german ottoman reserves ordered forward eighth army reported von commander army group 7th division confused 7th division fight 19th division attack small groups survivors 7th 20th divisions managed continue fighting retiring formed rear guard soldiers machine guns artillery guns 7th division soldiers machine guns seven guns 20th division desperate attempt hold british_empire attack von ordered infantry regiment advance support eighth army forces stop advance road easily defended narrow steep sided pass near 19th division forced retreat corps eighth army threatened retreat tire having lost artillery informed tire captured cut reports corps began headquarters north dusk said enemy broken lines spite counter attacks assistance operations impossible remnant 7th division managed establish temporary divisional headquarters night von combat formations available stop cavalry advance coast hills british_empire infantry attacks forced army group armies retire september general commanding corps issued orders continuation battle september 7th division objectives attack capture 3rd division objective establish position commanding road 7th 3rd divisions advanced northeast hills ancient 60th division moved east road 5th light horse brigade attached 60th division advancing north cut railway line 75th division continued reserve tire assigned management thousands prisoners 7th division 7th division advanced columns 21st brigade right supported mixed field artillery brigade inch pounder batteries machine gun company advanced 19th brigade left viii mountain artillery brigade machine gun companies followed 28th brigade moved sur 21st brigade advanced track proved impassable artillery sent tire came orders 75th division 19th brigade captured small rearguard position sur advancing fire point yards village lid brigade lewis guns forced ottoman german battery supporting rearguard withdraw heavy machine gun fire stopped rifles crossing lid artillery support attack 1st battalion began held strong rearguard position strengthened yards village suffered casualties attacks reinforcements 1st guides 21st brigade arrived attack renewed battery viii mountain artillery brigade able position cover advance 28th 19th brigade armed grenades entered cleared lid 28th brigade began advance station 3rd division 3rd division 7th 8th brigades began advance 7th brigade light infantry began advance 8th brigade moved 1st battalion manchester regiment moved south bank 47th moved north bank rifles rear quickly found critical position leading battalions encountered german soldiers machine guns sited rearguard position south artillery support extended battle followed rifles ordered join fight rushed forward battery coming effective action resistance immediately ceased 7th brigade 27th followed light infantry light infantry entered village large quantities stores captured capture headquarters asia corps location von reserves claimed 47th 8th brigade light infantry 7th brigade 8th brigade continued advance occupied evening 1st battalion rangers 7th brigade ordered pass 8th brigade capture road junction northeast captured artillery column field guns horses wagons prisoners held fire 9th brigade 9th brigade way rocky sir saw german soldiers retiring road brigade artillery came action target initially section mountain artillery brigade machine guns completely blocking road smashed vehicles burma infantry reached road miles northeast captured prisoners german company 2nd battalion regiment extreme left captured prisoners north german ottoman retreat forced headquarters morning september von drove late afternoon arriving morning september way damascus received report fourth army east jordan holding salt ordered withdraw line waiting southern troops position corps end september eighth ottoman army pushed coastal plain desert mounted corps blocking seventh remained eighth armies main lines retreat northwards 60th division held 7th division held village lid controlled crossroads 5th light horse brigade cut railway south 3rd 7th divisions continued force seventh eighth ottoman armies retreat september corps destroyed right wing ottoman line capturing prisoners guns remnants eighth army escaped captured day desert mounted corps plain north hills days fighting corps total casualties killed captured prisoners guns large quantities ammunition transport exception asia corps ottoman eighth army destroyed infantry yesterday captured pursuing enemy eastwards morning cavalry occupied pushed rapidly south eastwards entered evening closing enemy line escape aftermath 28th brigade 7th division advanced lid overnight march station arrived road near advanced capture station engine carriages continuing march strong rearguard ruins attacked 51st 53rd working way olive grove northwest central powers rearguard position attacked flank platoon 51st gaining crest southwest garrison german ottoman soldiers captured light heavy machine guns sick found hospital nearby 3rd division continued advance meeting opposition near yards west occupied miles line stretching miles east seventh army retreat bulk seventh army retreating road guns transport abandoned heavily bombed machine air army turned north ain moving night september long column retiring ottoman forces seen moving road miles north british australian aircraft subsequently bombed column blocking end later returning number times hours later area covered wreckage guns vehicles ottoman 53rd division managed blocked air attack captured force september fighting bridge september prisoners captured corps hills eighth army retreat corps survivors eighth army corps retreated main damascus road september captured 3rd light horse brigade night september known eighth army commander left car seventh army headquarters chief staff staff officers end ottoman eighth army 20th 21st regiments existing afternoon asia corps night september von ordered 16th 19th division west contact von left wing force morning von formed remnants battalions battalion rifle company machine gun company trench mortar detachment battalion cavalry squadron remained intact von informed approaching road blocked result decided retreat miles east southeast jordan way found cut von ordered asia corps retreat guns baggage mount attacked british_empire artillery suffered casualties night von 16th 19th divisions von moving northwards day german ottoman soldiers 16th 19th divisions learned captured decided advance night september correctly von order establishment strong rearguard commander eighth army ordered cross jordan instead successfully got germans ottoman soldiers 11th cavalry brigade attack closed jordan river gaps crossed captured


battle battle engagement united_states north korean forces early korean war occurred july village southern south_korea newly arrived army 1st cavalry division ordered cover retreat 24th infantry division battle 1st cavalry division soldiers combat north korean people army 3rd division 3rd division able force americans lost town artillery inflicted substantial casualties north delayed crucial days allowing united_nations command time set perimeter background outbreak war following invasion republic korea south_korea neighbor democratic people republic korea north_korea united_nations committed troops conflict support south_korea united_states sent ground forces korean peninsula goal fighting north korean invasion preventing south_korea collapsing forces far_east steadily decreasing end world war time closest forces 24th infantry division eighth united_states_army headquartered japan division equipment reductions military spending regardless 24th infantry division ordered south_korea 24th infantry division unit sent korea mission initial shock north korean advances delaying larger north korean units buy time allow follow forces arrive division delaying actions allowed 7th infantry division 25th infantry division 1st cavalry division eighth army supporting units position south korean forces meantime systematically defeated forced south korea east_coast entire divisions overrun north superior firepower equipment advance elements 24th infantry division badly defeated battle july battle american north korean forces month defeat 24th infantry division soldiers repeatedly defeated forced south north korean force superior numbers equipment division regiments systematically pushed south battles division final stand battle completely destroyed delayed north korean forces advancing july time eighth army combat troops roughly equal north korean forces attacking region new units arriving day 1st cavalry division arrival july major general gay commanding general 1st cavalry division ordered general army douglas prepare 1st cavalry division korea july division moved garrisons central japan loaded ships area ordered land east_coast korea fishing town miles northeast order immediately reinforce 24th infantry division division moved promptly area command ship uss mount elements division sailed korea july 1st cavalry division transportation provided task force commanded rear admiral james lead elements division regiment 8th cavalry regiment ashore july troops division 5th cavalry regiment came typhoon swept korean coast prevented landing regiment 7th cavalry regiment field artillery battalion july days ships eighth army rations dropped day supply landings entirely unopposed north korean forces transfer officers 1st cavalry division 24th 25th infantry divisions aimed strengthening infantry divisions combat missions korea weakened 1st cavalry division stripped practically companies batteries division received replacements left japan eighth army division landed korea like preceding divisions battalions regiments firing batteries artillery battalions tank company light tanks july 5th cavalry regiment started day 8th cavalry regiment followed railroad trucks reformed assembly area east evening brigadier general charles division artillery commander took charge forward regiments july 8th cavalry regiment relieved 21st infantry regiment 24th infantry division positions point 1st cavalry division assumed responsibility blocking north main corridor 24th division troops retreated 1st cavalry division lines newly arrived soldiers advanced new defensive positions day protect remember friendly troops door open live food long ammunition road kept open soon ammunition general walker orders gay fully assembled city 1st cavalry division ordered north set defensive positions division moved battalion 8th cavalry miles northwest south river battalion miles southwest cover approach main highway second approach road gay placed 5th cavalry regiment high ground east town blocking position july division numbered men korea coincided reorganization army consolidating lines making room new division july 1st cavalry division finished preparing defensive positions north battered 24th infantry division moved area river time 25th infantry division moved caught battle north korean forces town battle opening moves north quickly advanced battle divisions attacking south city different roads 3rd division departed city july advancing main highway 1st cavalry division morning july 1st battalion 8th cavalry regiment reported destroyed north korean tanks inch rocket launchers use weapon july 7th 9th regiments 3rd division began attack defensive positions held 1st cavalry division penetration southwest establishing 2nd battalion 8th cavalry time north korean units heavily engaged 1st battalion northwest frontal attack day american tanks attacked 2nd battalion times attempt break unsuccessful lieutenant colonel eugene field 2nd battalion commander wounded sent 1st battalion 5th cavalry regiment 16th reconnaissance company cut battalion north korean troops attacking 61st field artillery battalions supporting 2nd battalion 8th cavalry regiment indicating north korean extensive point fighting roads main approach road northwest city heavy machine gun fire fire battery artillery battalion artillery fire field artillery battalion helped 1st battalion repel north korean attacks large numbers civilian refugees area trying south helped north infiltrate 1st cavalry division positions eighth army tried control refugee movement korean national police permitting daylight hours routes north continued city civilian clothing concealed weapons troops started shooting moving lines night chain command issued orders clear generally paper orders thought contributed war crimes committed civilians 1st cavalry division gun massacre took place time fighting gun soldiers alleged killed number korean civilians thinking military morning july north korean forces positions 1st cavalry division thoroughly disrupting lines supply gay ordered division withdrawal form lines south northwest 1st battalion executed orderly withdrawal covered fire heavy mortar company batteries field artillery battalion mortar operators fought infantry withdrawal north korean troops disguised refugees form troops rear areas hidden communications equipment inform higher commands concentrations concentrations attacked vulnerable north intensified attack 2nd battalion road southwest concentrated artillery support shells falling close 2nd battalion positions wounded troops attack 2nd battalion briefly opened north korean july bulk battalion escaped company 8th cavalry 16th reconnaissance company 1st platoon company tank battalion rear column cut light tanks broke north korean positions crews abandoned seven tanks walked hills days journey group men company equipment individual arms abandoned group groups troops escaped manner north flanked 1st cavalry division double forced withdraw process division lost equipment quick withdrawal actions road closer 2nd battalion 5th cavalry trying help units 8th cavalry attacked strong north korean units error battalion company advanced wrong hill concentration north korean soldiers men company returned rest killed captured subsequent ambush altogether 5th cavalry regiment suffered casualties july american withdrawal 3rd division essentially tactics employed 24th infantry division 1st cavalry division fights north opened direct frontal attack hold division elements combat bulk north korean force american left flank established strongly held positions forced americans retreat positions 3rd division entered night july north korean unit town north expected counterattack immediately took defensive positions eastern edge town troops withdrawn 1st cavalry division troops set delaying action hit north korean advance second time battle days later aftermath north korean prisoners war captured troops battle reported 3rd division suffered casualties artillery fire attack july brought strength men approximately half strength war began 1st cavalry division actions able delay north korean advance days giving forces valuable time set perimeter losses battle subsequent fight cost 1st cavalry division casualties defeat poor showing division record quickly improved experience reliable fighting unit time placed perimeter


battle battle korean known battle chinese pinyin engagements chinese united_nations forces korean war took place present day north_korea october october main focus chinese phase campaign chinese 40th corps conducted series republic korea corps effectively destroying right flank united_states eighth army stopping advances north river background korean war began june korean people army kpa north attacking republic korea south invasion successful conquering republic korea united_nations intervened sending ground forces country command united_states forces initially experienced early defeats battle perimeter forces reversed north_korea momentum october kpa effectively destroyed forces landing despite strong objections people republic china north_korea northern border eighth army crossed 38th parallel advanced sino korean border river thanksgiving offensive end war republic korea corps composed 6th 7th 8th infantry division ordered attack north river village october response advances china chairman ordered people liberation army north east frontier force enter north_korea engage forces people volunteer army order stabilize rapidly collapsing korean push advancing forces authorized phase campaign building operation aim destroying corps vanguard right flank eighth army advancing mountains middle peninsula chinese leadership finally settled issue armed intervention october ordered enter korea october strict secrecy prelude locations terrain village located lower river valley northeast east stands town staging area corps thanksgiving offensive north linked town located away river hilly terrain sino korean border access points river area terrain limits troop movements providing ideal grounds forces strategy october 6th infantry division corps advanced westward captured day 7th infantry regiment 6th infantry division turned north advanced 2nd infantry regiment 6th infantry division planned advance northwest command expected opposition destroyed kpa advances coordinated units result 7th infantry regiment managed chinese territory opposition completely oblivious new threats surrounding advancing river chinese trying deploy units upcoming phase campaign commander set new command post planned advance 2nd infantry regiment threatened overrun position kpa units nearby hide presence chinese forced start phase campaign early moving 40th corps intercept 2nd infantry regiment near night october division 40th corps arrived designated blocking position chinese set numerous ambush positions ridges overlooking road battle initial contacts morning october 3rd battalion point 2nd infantry regiment started advance northwest soon came fire west 3rd battalion vehicles disperse thought small force kpa chinese regiments high ground immediately began pouring heavy fire korean left right flanks 3rd battalion broke instantly abandoning vehicles artillery way survivors managed escape trap fall 2nd infantry regiment learned 3rd battalion heavy attack 2nd battalion moved forward support 3rd battalion 1st battalion sent 2nd battalion turned encountering strong south managed capture chinese prisoners revealed nearly chinese soldiers waiting road time high command ordered division 40th corps join battle rest 40th corps busy setting place midnight division regiment division attacked october 2nd infantry regiment dispersed minutes colonel sun commander 2nd infantry regiment managed rally troops east chinese able penetrate new position hour point single company regiment left intact 2nd infantry regiment ceased organized unit approximately men regiment eventually escaped river 3rd battalion korean military advisory group adviser lieutenant jones captured eventually died north korean prison camp captain paul fell captive chinese second ambush loss surprise early start phase campaign greatly disappointed urged destroy south trapped units time major general hung commander corps sent 19th infantry regiment 6th infantry division colonel park 10th infantry regiment 8th infantry division colonel recapture salvage lost equipment battle 7th infantry regiment command colonel ordered retreat south 6th infantry division hoping draw rest corps open ordered division swing north trap retreating 7th infantry regiment division 40th corps wait ambush rescue forces passing october division isolated 7th infantry regiment cutting road 7th infantry regiment reach lack fuel realizing corps fallen deception ordered divisions destroy 10th 19th infantry regiment night october ambush chinese divisions quickly advancing regiments east chinese rear areas forced south korean soldiers abandon vehicles artillery order escape 7th infantry regiment surviving formation 6th infantry division ambushed division october south division ordered wait reinforcements 50th corps division attacked night october prevent escaping hour battle 7th infantry regiment forced disperse survivors scattered hills officers soldiers managed escape major harry wounded places later captured chinese aftermath loss 6th infantry division 10th infantry regiment 8th infantry division corps effectively ceased organized fighting force meant right flank eighth army completely open chinese forces advancing south forces exploiting situation chinese launched attack exposed eighth army center resulting loss 15th infantry regiment 8th cavalry regiment battle chinese forces pouring rear lines eighth army forced retreat river defense 5th regimental combat team 7th infantry division november managed stop chinese advance prevented disastrous defeat eighth army november logistics difficulties forced chinese end phase campaign chinese unable exploit breakthrough lines weakness corps eighth army right flank exposed chinese commanders planning chinese second phase campaign focus attention corps eighth army right flank resulting disastrous defeat forces battle river commemorate battle china official entry korean war october currently war resist america aid korea memorial day china


operation operation pronounced joint military offensive conducted pakistan armed forces militant groups including pakistan islamic movement east islamic movement network operation launched june north pakistan afghanistan border renewed effort wake june attack international airport claimed responsibility ongoing war north west pakistan pakistani soldiers involved described comprehensive operation flush foreign local hiding north operation received widespread support pakistani political defence civilian sectors consequence overall security situation improved terrorist attacks pakistan dropped year low pronounced means sharp cutting strike refers sword owned islamic prophet battles strategy time pakistani military implemented military strategy called seek destroy clear hold pakistani military seek target found destroyed destroyed infrastructure bodies weapons cleared area held time completion ensure post operation security infrastructure rebuilding area rehabilitation seek destroy component vietnam war clear hold component iraq war pakistani military combined doctrines single doctrine operation successful background peace negotiations peace negotiations announced pakistani prime minister election previous attempts engage dialogue failed session talks committees appointed pakistani government held march house representatives ranks instead pro religious figures present views terrorists called implementation pakistan government pakistan demanded cessation hostilities insisting talks held framework pakistani constitution month long reached march meetings house negotiations involved helicopter travel government representatives areas militant control near pakistan afghanistan border government indicated stronger military action implemented talks failed failure negotiations collapsed execution pakistani frontier corps soldiers february soldiers held insurgents april formally ended march killed strife triggered differences group led faction led khan said negotiations negotiations damaged terrorist attack airport claimed responsibility killed people including security personnel pakistani military official quoted said army ready operation depends government decision airport attack operation began week terrorist attack pakistan busiest airport june islamic movement attacked international airport killing people including security personnel wounding retaliation pakistani military launched series air strikes targeting terrorist areas bordering afghanistan killed june figure included foreign killed attacks june killed local june pakistani military intensified air strikes bombed foreign militant killing including persons linked airport attack airport attack commander north preparations pakistani military prepared operation long government prepared operation targeted militant groups obtaining support political parties saving civilians backlash operation defence minister said nation stood military decision taken strategy dialogue failed operation continue reaches logical conclusion group challenges pakistan constitution attacks civilians soldiers government installations uses pakistani territory plan terrorist attacks targeted added internally displaced persons assisted federal governments try ensure displaced stay away homes long combat troops encircled militant bases towns pakistani officials said national security forces requested seal border escape operation involved air_force navy artillery tanks ground troops according military statement directions government armed forces pakistan launched comprehensive operation foreign local terrorists hiding north official military said soldiers normally stationed north operation expected offensive require total troops timeline june june phase operation began intensified north targeting militant training facilities infrastructure pakistani military destroyed militant previous night targeted jet aircraft foreign local insurgents linked airport attack confirmed ammunition dump destroyed reportedly killed strikes including commander airport attack north sealed troops border neighbouring agencies regions block movement north troops bases including towns ali logistical administrative arrangements disaster management agency establishment registration points camps surrender points established wishing arms aerial surveillance area conducted security forces requested seal border prevent escaping border initiate immediate measures eliminate afghanistan june seven fleeing killed outskirts overnight soldiers injured exchange fire separate incident seven killed tried flee area pakistani soldiers reported killed exchange gunfire militant north destroyed early morning fighter jets killed civilians inter services public relations reported soldiers killed injured improvised explosive device explosion border khan north according convoy security forces targeted road khan pakistani border forces area launching search operation insurgents killed special services group sniper fire planting near june destroyed north killing foreign local conducted area ali suspected killed attempted flee area soldier injured exchange fire operations begun developed areas ensure escape verified civilians evacuated percent north cleared days operation june reportedly killed overnight heights east army cobra helicopter area main communications centres insurgents separate incident killed near planting road ali evacuation civilian population khan began established number locations received food medicine security forces families left north afghanistan khan june militant area outskirts destroyed early morning army cobra helicopter artillery sniper assistance including foreigners killed strikes large arms ammunition destroyed inside areas attempted flee attempts halted overnight local residents identification arrested trying flee suspects disguised arrested security civilian evacuation continued north evacuated far june total killed early morning areas north agencies jet aircraft destroyed near pakistan afghanistan border agency killing surgical strikes line security forces strategy destroyed north killing june militant near ali destroyed jet aircraft early morning killing tunnels spotted targeted areas killed attempting flee bases ali pakistani soldiers reportedly killed exchange fire lifted hours evacuate remaining civilians security registered date army medical corps field hospital established displaced persons civilian evacuation complete arrived registered june killed destroyed early morning air strikes agency seven killed afternoon jet strikes ali surrounding area large weapons destroyed afternoon suicide car bomb attempt area north explosive laden vehicle approached outside civilian hospital soldiers fired vehicle exploded meters soldiers civilian reportedly killed roof nearby building collapsed explosion june pakistan air_force jets destroyed ali killing surrendered pakistani forces june evacuation civilians completed operation second phase began ground offensive pakistani military seven surrendered north surrender center bringing total june aircraft destroyed confirmed outskirts ali evening raid killing commander killed outskirts town security forces night june militant groups targeted early morning integrated pakistani artillery tank heavy weapons fire outside killing seven commander revealed initial interrogation explosives suicide belt expert arrested trying flee surrounded base arrested security forces trying cross river near river crossings fortified seal escape routes june sixteen killed fighter jets targeted ali north according military sources seven militant explosives ammunition destroyed june early morning ground operations began search operations conducted infantry special services group killing troops discovered underground tunnels preparation factories cleared areas soldiers reportedly injured exchange fire civilian population evacuated beginning operation killed surrendered destroyed operation phase seventeen soldiers reportedly killed july july according ground operations factory discovered cylinders pipes filled explosive materials unfinished land mines recovered pakistani soldiers killed reportedly injured ambushed military vehicle ali north july killed pakistani helicopters shelled region kilometres north destroyed july bodies seven recovered area ali security official reportedly said bodies suspected security forces ali agency adding forces advanced ali outskirts agency destroying ali held foreign july pakistani soldier killed explosion house house search operation north funeral held soldier body transported hometown director general major general said salute courage bravery pakistani soldier killed region north soldier buried family cemetery pakistan army personnel attended funeral friends praised determination resolve july targeted village destroying militant caves ammunition early morning strikes killed reportedly pakistani soldier killed ground offensive morning exploded july hundreds fighters reportedly cut hair flee operation according disguised weeks pakistan army operation advocated pakistan western culture refugees said north enjoyed imported products july pakistani chief army staff general visited north received lieutenant general corps commander general officer commanding operation commended troops determination commitment resolve praising progress achieved beginning operation july pakistani defence minister said interview radio pakistan pakistani soldiers killed far operation declined provide time frame operation end expressed resolve finish early possible killed including foreigners area north according press release seven militant destroyed july pakistani targeted killing ground operations continued percent cleared july pakistani army invited local international media observe militant facilities flags weapons explosive materials shown director major general operation commander major general khan media operation progress said terrorists killed injured date factories uncovered confiscated said underground tunnels built kilometer long discovered major base run discovered command control centre definitely affect capabilities july injured commander commander guards captured pakistani security forces valley south tried escape north moved undisclosed location army helicopter reportedly brother spokesman afghanistan pakistan planning flee afghanistan arrest confirmed july thirteen primarily foreign killed early morning firing rockets security ali seven ammunition destroyed connection cleared area road continued security forces discovered motorcycle vehicle guns gun vehicles explosive belts previous hours explosive laden vehicles destroyed including arrested suicide bombers identified chased blew encircled security forces near town eighteen killed area kilometres east artillery area kilometres west terrorist huge ammunition destroyed killed saturday morning strikes killed militant destroyed artillery fire area saturday night security official said july according ali targeted military killed july control ground offensive launched second largest town north nearby area pakistani troops killed suicide bombers including commander july media briefing director general major general said dead destroyed according soldiers killed operation date according pakistani soldiers killed exchanges fire including officer captain soldiers injured insurgents killed july thirty killed area according press release today early morning fleeing terrorists killed aerial strikes valley ali ground offensive following clearance continued expected july house house searches conducted areas ali killed exchange fire factory ammunition foreign currency seized july command control system terrorists destroyed north said pakistani defence minister place terrorism democratic country villages cleared pakistani military ground offensive continued areas corps commander lieutenant general visited meeting troops relief underway july killed targeting area north july including foreigners killed pakistani destroying north ground operation ali continued ammunition factory foreign currency seized ali according disposal operation mines explosive materials underway factories cleared army engineers date july pakistani soldiers killed evening explosion near khan north near pakistani border july ali ground offensive killed destroyed july pakistani security forces cleared percent ali adjacent areas july pakistani chief army staff general celebrated army soldiers july according official sources pakistan army check post attacked lower cross border attack involved retaliation seven killed injured august august ground operation killed fire exchange ammunition dump seized august ground offensive area seven killed fire exchange soldiers identified killed data cleared ground operation continued areas august militant conducted pakistani military killing according raids carried areas cleared ground operation came end august pakistani prime minister national security conference said pay tribute sacrifices armed forces war terrorism express solidarity families added intensity military operation low august pakistani security forces camp targeted rockets unknown loss life occurred august killed helicopters pakistani military destroying seven militant vehicles north agency august killed destroyed army helicopters remote areas north according explosive laden vehicles ammunition destroyed september september according killed far operation statement added eighty soldiers killed killed north agency injured pakistan armed forces cleared areas north considered strongholds terrorists september killed vehicles destroyed pakistani helicopters according september pakistani soldier killed counterattack clearing operation near civilian staff member killed providing supplies pakistani forces september killed pakistan bombed militant killed pakistani fighter planes bombed militant september stated pakistani army ready remote areas required added attack took place october arrested attack residency arrested revealed killed north including hardcore hardcore arrested september frontier corps personnel killed group launched rocket attack mountain fort area north near border september killed fresh air strikes north army aviation combat helicopters precise strikes area north agency destroyed explosive laden vehicles terrorists terrorists killed statement said september killed pakistani agency area targeting militant destroying ammunition killed militant attack border targeted pakistani security forces area north pakistani troops arrested terrorist pakistani paramilitary soldiers killed gun battle september soldiers killed tuesday terrorists attacked pakistani border post north agency afghanistan killed air raids militant north precision air strikes destroyed terrorists ammunition village area north said foreigners killed air strikes added september killed militant today precise aerial strikes carried terrorists north terrorists killed said september spokesperson confirmed senior commander killed clashes pakistan army area agency days ago killed exchange fire security forces area north said pakistan army killed fire exchange september suicide attack targeted convoy frontier corps deputy inspector general killed people including soldier wounded soldier embraced banned pakistan claimed responsibility attack killed area north agency according press release according reports nineteen killed air strikes militant near khan near north september killed pakistan air_force jets struck militant north foreign dead militant destroyed october october killed areas agency militant destroyed said press release killed operation far october despite upcoming winter pakistani military decided continue operation impression harsh weather force military authorities halt operation ongoing mid june conducting operation winters certainly challenge security forces challenge military official told media october killed military targeting militant north separate agency area killed militant destroyed said statement october people killed seven injured suicide attack targeting members peace committee peer area valley october apparent response previous day suicide bombing suspected terrorists killed agency valley pakistani military said terrorist destroyed october killed aka area agency clashes pakistani security forces militant hideout destroyed clashes october including foreign killed pakistani area north october addressing media friendly cricket match played accompanied star cricketer pakistani army said operation going killed far refused specific timeline operation completion said army working making comprehensive plan october killed pakistani agency district near border october pakistani officials claimed found evidence new set territory near border north agency separate incidents aerial strikes killed militant destroyed according early morning aerial strikes ahead killed later area killed helicopters statement added october killed injured conducted pakistan air_force area agency november november operation helped disrupt network ability launch attacks territory senior commander nato forces afghanistan lieutenant general joseph anderson said pentagon hosted video briefing afghanistan added network fractured november thirty including foreigners killed air strikes militant november including foreigners commanders killed air strikes militant night seven suspected terrorists killed search operation exchange fire pakistani soldiers killed injured network east movement eliminated area commander operation major general khan said added terrorists killed injured far november terrorists including members network killed aerial strikes north december december including foreigners killed regions incident pakistani military repulsed pre dawn militant attack military check post area agency december killed aerial strikes targeting militant north december pakistani special forces killed commander killed targeted operation subdivision south agency fore exchange pakistani soldier killed critically injured december killed including important commanders area north killed local commanders ally december rumoured militant commander killed air strikes district north agency compound commanders having meeting targeted killing december aerial strikes killed terrorists underground ammunition dump tunnel system destroyed december pakistani air strikes area north killed terrorists january january killed helicopters targeted militant air strikes militant seven vehicles destroyed january director general inter services public relations major general said security forces killed north far added soldiers killed operation injured january including foreigners killed air strikes targeting militant january including foreigners killed pakistani air strikes targeting militant area north killed round killed second round air strikes militant ammunition dump destroyed february february pakistan army major killed sniper rifle pakistani retaliation terrorists killed april april killed aerial strikes south area north according pakistani soldiers killed injured area north agency night vehicle targeted improvised explosive device pakistani counter retaliation military launched search operation killing seven pursuing fire exchange june june killed pakistani military air strikes north agencies foreign killed strikes targeted ammunition july july seven pakistani soldiers killed north south attacked pakistani military convoy killed soldiers wounded remote controlled bomb attacks targeting military vehicles north south killed soldiers injured according pakistani intelligence officials pakistani military facing fierce resistance final push valley pursuing fire exchange military retaliation killed north agency july pakistani soldier killed attack army bunker south agency august september october november december january february march april 3rd april pakistani government declared victory end operation clearing square kilometers killing terrorists pakistan militant stronghold north agency june american strikes strikes halted months request pakistani government resumed operation following strikes took place operation june strikes killed suspected injured strikes previous strike occurred december area killing suspected june killed july strike area killed seven injured july missiles fired strike house vehicle killing injuring july including commanders killed data north belonged faction august strike killed injured people including reportedly killed strike north october suspected killed strike area south tribal region october suspected militant killed injured strike district north october suspected killed strike north region october strike killed injuring south november strike area north agency killed suspected november reportedly suspected including commander sub continent newly established branch killed strike region north agency december strike killed key leader region north agency december separate strikes area north agency killed suspected january reportedly high value unidentified commander group killed strike area north agency january strike reportedly killed suspected area south agency january strike killed injuring area north january strike killed injuring militant area north march strike killed commander area agency april strike killed suspected north strike killed area north agency strike killed suspected area north june suspected killed strike targeting vehicle area north june suspected killed strike area considered hideout yearly progress june pakistani military reported progress operation course year reported killed far including terrorist commanders intelligence based operations terrorists destroyed tonnes explosives recovered far operation said army recovered weapons including heavy machine guns light machine guns sniper rifles rocket launchers said thousands terrorists arrested strongholds cleared communication infrastructure destroyed officers soldiers pakistan armed forces embraced added year declared year victory operation manifestation resolve root terrorism country pakistani defence minister final phase half years start phenomenal successes achieved pockets close pakistan border cleared terrorist backbone broken structure dismantled sleeper cells largely disrupted intelligence based operations continue burst remaining sleeper cells terrorists killed carrying terrorist activities destroyed months carried country hardcore terrorists killed arrested continue success came heavy price officers men pakistan army frontier corps rangers sacrificed lives injured operation total military courts cases referred military courts cases decided cases process hardcore terrorist convicted overall improvement security law order owed operation july pakistan army chief general visited military forward positions near border north progress future plans operation met pakistani troops stationed visited south agencies reported pakistani military completed preliminary final phase area peaks cleared management displaced civilians result operation displaced civilians families registered pakistani authorities july financial support relief goods food packages distributed donation points established pakistan army july foreign office pakistan said rehabilitation internally displaced persons internal matter reiterated pakistan requested international assistance clear instructions prime minister seek external assistance pakistan intends request international assistance clear expenditure related temporarily displaced met resources pakistani foreign office spokesperson said reported united_states allocated million additional million health water livestock reported united arab government allocated million humanitarian aid february pakistani finance minister told visiting senator jack reed cost operation far reached billion million high billion billion return december military approved phased pakistani army chief said early return priority according senior military officials civilian authorities directed plan return homes areas cleared terrorists march started day belonging families left north phase till april families return homes areas nwa family given cash assistance transportation expenses food months non food items given household effective disease control children years age administered anti years age administered anti displaced families returned launch programme civil administration send entire displaced population homes month area notified conflict zone said official dealing according official sources cut date return december reaction domestic social media decision pakistani military launch comprehensive operation widely supported journalists opinion makers politicians social media users commending operation pakistan chairman khan endorsed military operation north clear seriously negotiating week party stance peace talks said offensive north unite militant forces pakistani state conducting military operation groups nwa want talks said statement adding groups north desired peace talks government position changed clear negotiations fruitless pakistan leading religious parties continued oppose operation north leader urged government option negotiations warned military operation north trigger massive human tragedy saying duty prime minister consider views nation leadership inside outside parliament making crucial decision affecting national security movement according movement senator khan decision government repeatedly telling current government instead engaging terrorists dialogue government act elements number terrorists suffer blow tackled suffer account head said welcome operation glad government supporting armed forces backed operation realize matter national security appeal come page setting aside political said national party national party member khan said held dialogue previously government produce effective results wanted peace okay came dialogue unfortunately happen time knowing experience cautioned government dialogue approach work government taken parliament confidence launching operation didn local north tribal elders assured support operation according statement released director general major general tribal elders ali assure support army operation tweeted assured army let militant return area board june islamic scholars issued joint support operation calling crushing attempts disrupt peaceful atmosphere muslim state international afghanistan ambassador pakistan stated government provide possible assistance defeat operation united arab interior minister said government operate pakistan war united_nations statement united_nations office coordination humanitarian affairs estimated june people internally displaced war torn region agencies agreed provide tents facilities camps world health organization provided outbreak united_states supported military operations spokesman embassy pakistan said june supported pakistani step taken establishment peace united_states pressured pakistan military operation north years congress linked military assistance pakistan fiscal year military operations north june rear john pentagon press secretary said pentagon unaware pakistan decision launch new offensive north pakistan military government understand threat continue threat november joseph anderson senior commander nato forces afghanistan said pentagon hosted video briefing afghanistan network fractured like fractured fractured like based pretty pakistan operations north entire summer fall said acknowledging effectiveness pakistan military offensive disrupted efforts afghanistan caused effective terms ability pull attack anderson added china chinese foreign minister said terrorism problem common china pakistan enemy countries adding china fully supported operation russia chairman state commended operation pakistani army chief general official visit russia stand pakistan fight terrorism stability region relations independent consistent grow added retaliation november suicide bombing following daily parade took place border pakistan killed injured attack claimed militant groups sub groups december seven gunmen belonging pakistan entered army public school pakistani city opened fire school staff children killing people consisting majority students spokesperson pakistan took responsibility attack said revenge operation state counter retaliation responding attacks pakistan mounted deadliest counter retaliation removing executions terrorists presidential order secondly establishing military courts commissions roughly based pakistani authorities issued hang till death orders jail nationwide prisons weeks number high value convicted terrorism charges hanged december pakistan intelligence community law enforcement agencies forces inter provincial police engaged deadly police encounters country news media live actions tracking targeting series police encounters afternoon december police special agents raided safe house town located north exchange fire safe house police law enforcement agencies fighters including commander high value targets assisted attack night december team pakistan rangers personnel raided safe house area killed members deadly shoot december police teams chased killed leader associates police encounter night action took place teams high speed chase bay beach chased members south asian chapter suspected planning attack naval dockyard september acting information navy teams inserted secret hideout agency terrorists led jan army public school attack midnight december late night operations combat teams reportedly hunted killed jan trying seek sanctuary unnamed senior pakistan government official confirmed report january teams high speed chase took place separate midnight action teams special agents assisted police raided house located road lasting hour gun battle teams hunted alias border attack associates attack hunt finally killed police encounter


battle ridge battle ridge engagement second world war involving australian japanese forces wider campaign pacific theatre battle occurred northern sector island january february lead battalion australian 11th brigade 31st 51st infantry battalion advanced river drive north peninsula peninsula japanese troops established withdrawing north following earlier engagements centre island coming heavy resistance ridge australians advance halted weeks fought control ridge defending japanese infantry regiment strength roughly equal australians main australian attack took place february february japanese completely withdrew position small scale fighting surrounding area continued february stage campaign saw australians sought establish defensive line base peninsula bay background strategic situation japanese forces landed early capturing small force australians island subsequently developed island conduct operations northern solomon islands attack allied lines communication united_states australia southwest pacific area bases helped protect major japanese garrison naval base new_guinea allied planners determined vital japanese base marines conducted amphibious landing cape western coast north empress bay november initial counter attack repulsed marines replaced garrison army troops began consolidating position establishing strong perimeter march japanese launched heavy counter attack turned casualties situation largely static japanese focused primarily forces chose adopt defensive posture aimed maintaining perimeter november december australian corps consisting militia troops 3rd division 11th brigade lieutenant general stanley took responsibility allied operations american corps plan free troops fighting philippines mistakenly believing japanese forces island numbered men decided australians pursue aggressive campaign clear japanese taking perimeter established australian campaign developed separate drives north planned japanese forces forced narrow peninsula contained centre seizure pearl ridge australians control east west avenues approach protection counter attacks opening way drive east_coast main campaign south bulk japanese forces concentrated allied estimates japanese strength later found inaccurate war found number japanese alive island time closer preliminary moves december ordered brigadier john commander 11th brigade begin clearing operations northwest coast island harbour australians attempted drive japanese sector narrow peninsula time australians believed japanese defending area surrounding river considered main japanese defence line northern sector later determined closer men infantry regiment command lieutenant colonel according peter considered master jungle warfare ordered prevent australian advance coast perceived likelihood stopping australians forward unlikely decided concentrate defence river establishing strong position ridge metres south river described war correspondent fred volcanic feature steep jungle clad sides toe ridge ended close sea forming natural beach textbook fortress according maze trenches heavily defended machine guns artillery supporting elements placed north depth near taking control northern sector 7th brigade subsequently transferred southern sector main offensive 11th brigade advanced coast mission sending patrols interior flush japanese positions mountains went 31st 51st infantry battalion command lieutenant colonel joseph kelly roughly strong formed vanguard advance main body moving coast road patrols sent inland considered key japanese positions january lead company 31st 51st reached having encountered japanese point battle contact came january 31st 51st infantry battalion advanced elements drawn mainly company captain thomas moved north proceeded river reaching clearing yards north platoon sized patrol came cleared area proceeded attack japanese killed initial assault australians took pushed engaged yards japanese launched counter attack light heavy machine guns response australians brought platoon course days counter attack repulsed japanese estimated killed wounded australians wounded engagement japanese opened artillery brought support main defensive position ridge firing time sector barrage largely ineffective inflicting casualty shells proved faulty detonate australians came large camp including field hospital captured intact group discovered gained intelligence identifying japanese troops area belonging infantry regiment managed capture guns ammunition january 31st 51st infantry battalion company captain clyde downs sent platoon sized patrol japanese forward positions patrol moved right flank north jungle tracks discovering evidence japanese movement area proceeded village mile north encountered force japanese initial contact australian platoon commander wounded patrol attacked village minutes battle japanese killed wounded australians lost killed wounded missing darkness fell australian patrol withdrew village following day january advanced elements australian force pressed ridge formation yards long feet height stretching westerly river steep cliff fell southern bank river ridge blocked australian advance river south eastern later known australians separated shallow saddle ridge dense jungle provided good approaches ridge open observation australians approached ridge captured gun positioned coast yards south ridge platoon contacted lone japanese soldier killed subsequent entered garden curved southern approach ridge known initial contact platoon advance garden prevented intense burst fire ridge australians managed scale high ground rose east able occupy south eastern tip capturing guns process reports received locals japanese brought reinforcements island point australians realised japanese concentrated far greater numbers anticipated fact established line resistance sector ridge confirmed later australians moved forward january moving yards river track advancing opened large garden curved edge ridge japanese defenders excellent line sight subsequent patrols determined extent japanese position reporting constructed fortified position continuous trench crest ridge weapons pits boxes clear fields fire stretching yards australian commander kelly ordered company ridge course week january attempts parts ridge approaching south southeast north proved fruitless platoon managed position north engaged heavy machine gun fire january australians established fire support form guns 2nd mountain battery unsuccessful attempts january january company carried movement flank attempt ridge attack north crossing infested waters yards ridge australians established river line communications kept open constantly patrolling following days japanese attacked launching series assaults words robert bordered attacks repulsed australians began launch patrols directions ridge january japanese launched large scale attack company positions australians resisted attack succeeded breaking perimeter managed roll position way main battalion position turned australian counter attack organised company commander captain supported accurate artillery fire came february resulted japanese killed wounded days japanese repulsed australians consolidated positions prior assault ridge preparations included mountain gun position yards fire directly japanese positions ridge aircraft squadron royal_australian_air_force carried reconnaissance maintain secrecy preparations mortar fire brought japanese positions mask sounds digging movement fire vickers machine guns kept japanese defenders able leave shelter observe following day long artillery barrage main assault attack finally took place february supported barrage artillery shells mortar bombs australian new_zealand captain harris company assaulted ridge different points effort defenders following preparatory artillery fire attack began hours company headquarters formed south east began advance north west yards attack ridge force platoon attacked garden moving assaulting ridge east north west platoon centre managed capture objectives hours platoon came intense fire suffering casualties stopped advance hours northernmost australian platoon platoon reached high ground north western ridge completing japanese defenders subsequently withdrew forward positions refused position occupying reverse slope western ridge attack cost australians killed wounded night japanese artillery active firing australian positions attack launched early february repulsed enabled japanese maintain small pocket resistance western tip ridge evening february captain 10th company iii battalion infantry regiment withdrew small japanese force remained february australians called position defenders withdrew feature australians private awarded military medal charging japanese weapon pit knocking action final assault aftermath fighting river continued couple days clashes occurring australians cleared northern southern banks february time japanese artillery opened australians causing casualties securing ridge australians captured large japanese equipment including field anti tank guns machine guns rifles japanese casualties estimated killed australian casualties area killed wounded context campaign losses considered heavy australians australian newspaper report shortly battle described battle campaign described fought point documents captured war shown japanese believed losses slow australian advance time perceive loss ridge defeat prepared hold position numbers decided withdraw ridge morale troops fallen lack ammunition food rising casualties tropical diseases real size force holding ridge revealed documents captured war highlighting gross japanese strength australian intelligence sources fall ridge fighting continued river couple weeks february area south cleared japanese australians began patrol northern bank minor clashes occurred saw japanese killed australians wounded australians managed capture japanese gun japanese forced withdraw position track ran yards river japanese artillery intensified men 31st 51st infantry battalion casualties 31st 51st infantry battalion continued operations river february time companies reached river struck inland fighting short engagement pressing ridge near plantation final weeks february company 31st 51st downs fought japanese defenders position subsequently named downs ridge australians february 31st 51st relieved lieutenant colonel bernard 26th infantry battalion continued advance north peninsula 55th 53rd infantry battalion advanced australians sought establish defensive line base peninsula bay 31st 51st later failed landing plantation june suffer heavy casualties including downs killed leading company total australians lost killed wounded fighting river estimated japanese lost killed involvement taking ridge 31st 51st infantry battalion awarded battle honour ridge


uprising uprising rebellion organized serbian patriarch led duke ottomans montenegro long turkish war uprising broke aftermath failed uprising burning saint relics april included tribes rebels defeated field forced lack foreign support background early serbs rose ottomans rebels character holy war carried war flags icon saint war banners consecrated patriarch uprising aided serbian orthodox response ottoman grand demanded green flag prophet brought damascus counter flag ordered containing relics saint removed monastery transferred belgrade military convoy way ottoman convoy killed people path warning rebels ottomans publicly relics saint atop plateau april ashes scattered relics provoked serbs empowered liberation movement center anti ottoman activity monastery metropolitan seated orthodox bishops appealed austria help lands irregular soldiers croatia supported austria scattered area modern day daring raid april managed occupy fortress unable hold point austrian officials considered taking military action bosnia born knight service strength fight ottomans bosnia earlier austrian forces gone great lengths barely managed resist ottomans hungary uprising liberation movement spread ottoman montenegro neighbouring tribes especially influence metropolitan priests patriarch depended duke document beginning claimed metropolitan gathered monastery swore oath donate heroes austrian emperors light rebels sought help austrians asked handed austrian flag ottomans symbolic austrian support shortly april captured prompting wave excitement christians end outbreak revolt serbs began rebel ottomans uprising led broke spread save tribes participate uprising time montenegro threatened serbian monks dispatched patriarch pope viii patriarch assured pope loyalty obedience church rome sought help liberate people ottomans monks exhibition papal serbian history things petitioned pope send army aid land tribes rise arms montenegro nearby lands gather case action count fighters said ottomans took saint serbs god help christians kill accused monks praying god evil monks asked pope support spiritual secular leaders send respectable christian oversee archbishop movement largely failed albania rome uprising better luck tribes began fighting defeated field according venetian tried liberate ottoman hearing false claim sultan iii lost battle life siege rose command great slaughter turks land tried find heard contrary withdrew mountains historian based account described interesting note movement tribes time believed rebellion scale national uprising spontaneous uprisings rebellions erupted caused event quickly died away disturbances rebellions took place earlier later parts balkans turks quickly efficiently reacted rebellions lead drop hatred people talks rebels led foreign support arrived rebels forced ottomans governor bosnia pardoned crimes strip lands rebels challenged real action realized austria able let bosnia serbia papal choose aid rebels spain problems diplomats meaning painted picture sides promised presented opportunities mature false reports rebels thought messages promises received greater success lesson learnt cautious ottomans occupied hungary croatia coast willing somewhat leave moment time prominent leaders ottoman regions hurt aftermath legacy failure uprising moved bay earliest significant took place patriarch continue plan revolts ottomans coming years contacted pope success orthodox christians balkans sought right moment revolt ottomans serbian greek bulgarian monks visited european courts help patriarch negotiated sent force liberation balkans exchange crown macedonia assured army guns weapons distributed balkans ottoman sultan years planning concrete resulted operation required spanish naval logistical support uprising stand model multiple anti ottoman uprisings bosnia coming centuries


invasion martinique invasion martinique successful british amphibious operation french west indian island martinique took place january february west_indies campaign napoleonic wars martinique like nearby guadeloupe major threat british trade caribbean providing sheltered base french_navy warships raid british shipping disrupt trade routes maintained british economy islands provided focus larger scale french operations region autumn following spanish alliance britain admiralty decided order british squadron threat beginning martinique british mustered overwhelming force vice admiral sir alexander lieutenant general george collected ships men times number french regular forces martinique landing force southern northern coasts island british troops pushed inland defeating french regulars central highlands routing local militia units south island february entire island british hands fort powerful position intended protect capital fort france bypassed british advance siege lasting days fort constantly bombarded french suffering casualties finally surrendering capture island significant blow french power region eliminating important naval base denying safe french shipping region consequences losing martinique severe french_navy sent battle squadron reinforce garrison invasion arriving late affect outcome reinforcements intercepted islands scattered action april half force failed return france martinique defeated british attention region turned guadeloupe captured following year background napoleonic wars british_royal_navy charged limiting passage operations french_navy french merchant ships french achieve objective royal_navy imposed system french ports especially major naval bases toulon brest french movement coastline seriously affected french colonies including west_indies produce reach france supplies reinforcements reach risk british interception seizure islands provided excellent bases french ships raid british trade routes caribbean_sea previous conflicts british countered threat posed french west indian colonies seizing force martinique previously captured armed invasion attempt defeated french battle squadron battle martinique french squadrons sea left port eliminated driven series battles culminating disastrous defeat battle fleet destroyed visited martinique year scale french fleet visit caribbean rest war bulk french_navy confined port british able strike directly french colonies reach limited significant resources required blockading french coast size quality operations varied widely haiti fell nationalist uprising supported royal_navy british forces secured northern coast south_america dutch owners danish west_indies invaded spain changed sides allied britain fell improvised force captain james lucas january damage martinique economy period severe british frigates raided coastal towns shipping merchant vessels prevented trading martinique produce france allied islands grew island especially recently black majority summer island governor vice admiral louis thomas sent urgent messages france requesting supplies reinforcements messages intercepted british ships low morale martinique brought attention admiralty ordered commander west indian station vice admiral sir alexander raise expeditionary force ships garrisons available invade island winter gathered forces bay barbados accumulating ships soldiers command lieutenant general george landings planned island southern northern coasts forces ordered converge capital fort france soldiers supported supplied royal_navy force shadow advance offshore army twice size french garrison half composed irregular black militia relied combat news poor state martinique defences reached france autumn attempts reinforcements needed food supplies october captured gun french class brig british captured frigate bay action november relief attempt destroyed december leeward_islands hms captured corvette iris carrying flour martinique dutch coast january frigate stores reinforcements insignificant compared forces managed reach martinique invasion fleet sailed bay january arriving martinique early january force divided squadron southern coast robert northern invasion began morning soldiers going ashore command major general frederick supervised captain william charles landed robert major general sir george supervised captain philip beaver remained flagship hms neptune direct campaign offshore force major henderson consisting entirely soldiers royal york rangers landed cape near les southwestern peninsula secure entrance fort france bay day invasion main forces rapid progress inland militia troops sent retreating offering resistance opposition british advance begin february french defenders heights attacked troops direct command brigadier general daniel fighting fierce days outnumbered french fortified high ground hold series frontal assaults british lost killed wounded french losses casualties february french forced withdrawing fort near capital progress cape appearance british troops panicked french defenders burning naval brig retreating small island offshore henderson men assisted naval brigade captain george set batteries coast february bombarded island surrender opening principal harbour martinique naval attack small naval squadron consisting hms hms brig hms recruit advanced fort france bay february advance spread panic french militia defending bay shipping anchored set fire destroyed forts southern island abandoned february force fired shot arrived western fort laid siege minor detachments spread remainder island lieutenant colonel edward barnes captured saint force occupied fort france seized corvette harbour february force linked fort remaining point resistance days british soldiers sailors expeditionary force constructed gun batteries trenches fort bringing ashore large quantities supplies equipment readiness lengthy siege february preparations complete bombardment began heavy cannon mortars beginning continuous attack fort lasted days french casualties fort severe men killed wounded british casualties minimal killed wounded principally explosion ammunition tent manned sailors hms february sent british camp message proposing surrender terms unacceptable bombardment resumed continuing following morning white flags raised fort french admiral surrendered bombardment cracked roof fort magazine fears ignited gunpowder destroyed building completely aftermath surrender fort british forces solidified occupation island martinique remaining shipping military supplies seized regular soldiers garrison taken prisoners war militia disbanded martinique british colony remaining british command restoration french monarchy returned french control british losses campaign heavy killed wounded missing french total losses uncertain garrison suffered casualties principally fighting central highlands february siege fort return france conduct condemned inquiry council requested vain court martial clear lived disgrace years britain houses parliament voted thanks immediately began planning invasion guadeloupe executed january financial professional rewards provided junior officers enlisted men battle honour martinique awarded ships regiments involved date added distinguish campaign earlier operations decades later operation actions recognised attached naval general service medal military general service medal awarded application british participants living france defeat subject court martial december number subordinates stripped commissions honours ranks preparing invasion particular failing properly strengthen disperse magazine fort subsequent french effort reach martinique launched february news british invasion reached europe ships line disarmed frigates sent soldiers supplies island learned surrender late march instead took shelter des blockaded squadron april seized french fled ships line drawing away forces frigates slip away reach guadeloupe ensuing action april french flagship chased captured escaped frigates reached guadeloupe return france british order battle


battle san battle san fought february san argentina united provinces spanish royalist force command defeated regiment mounted command san battle baptism fire military unit san spanish american wars independence royalist stronghold argentine war independence siege city raided population centres nearby rivers supplies san shortly arrived buenos_aires formed regiment followed royalist ships san area san formed large plain regiment hid inside san convent night san studied battlefield enemy ships tower battle started dawn surprise movement trap enemy forces column led san san fell horse nearly killed juan juan intervened saved defeated continued raid villages time battle san fought modern territory argentina city san keeps historic memorials battle referenced san march prelude buenos_aires suffered difficult period war independence prospects improving defeats campaign juan upper peru campaign generated political crisis victory given new fresh hope revolution strengthened shortly victory battle capital revolution siege army buenos_aires led led city maintained naval supremacy buenos_aires ships raided coasts rivers gather supplies despite siege organized navy destroy gun batteries population centers prevented buenos_aires dismantled knowing defend royalist expeditionary navy raid san comprised ships varying sizes soldiers sailors moved tributary river slowed second promoted san colonel instructed follow regiment mounted stop raids san influenced napoleonic warfare trained regiment recent military techniques napoleonic wars san moved regiment nearing river san san following spanish ships moved night avoid detection san men action reinforced militia seventy men command reinforcements included thirty cavalry small cannon men armed knives actions battle san discovered intended san convent pressed march arrive landed san food available chickens aware risk population removed cattle area arrived arrived san bulk patriot army dust trail path revealed presence attacked ship longer range cannon keeping bay forced retire found prisoner escaped ship disclosed size royalist army plan attacking convent larger force local money kept attack convent right away requiring time prepare field cannons returned san martin relayed news march convent took days thanks cadet moved ahead regiment prepared horses advance relay positions army arrived scene night february hid inside convent entered rear door allowed light fires speak night san studied enemy battlefield convent tower battlefield battle fought location modern city san santa river point widest flow west bank river tall steep forming natural obstacle ships land troops materials river man paths cut battlefield near paths shaped like ladder terrain big plain scattered bushes san convent main nearby building short distance away river location easy place defend artillery plains surprise attacks difficult convent terrain offer natural barriers patriots exploit flat terrain ideal cavalry manoeuvres distance church west gave room cavalry charge hand support troops ships river supporting navy local batteries san means attack ships small path allowed passage ships force royalist forces retreat long range guns ships protected san studied battlefield plan operation night hidden inside convent battle left convent dawn preparing formations convent san returned tower watch enemy disembarked sunrise morning mounted horse gave short troops headed battle strategy divide cavalry forces columns nearly horsemen surprise movement trap enemy forces cavalry use guns relying instead spear attacks right hand column headed german left hand san marched columns cannons deployed flag military regiment mounted sounded time marking beginning battle san column reach enemy cannons cannon fire ships defended quickly attacks unable form square retreat advantage surprise speed cavalry charge allowed regiment defeat larger royalist army double soldiers column joined battle able stand ground routed retreating disarray covering fire ships led attack point san fallen horse san mention battle report leading initial historians stayed convent battle currently considered took battle suggested royalist battle report later report san martin stayed convent combat took minutes left dead injured including fourteen patriot died combat die combat injuries fell horse mortally injured captured shot died days later captured spanish flag killing standard bearer intervention despite victory remaining royalist forces pursued column led moved calculated delayed meeting san column horse killed enemy fire leaving leg trapped corpse animal factors led columns meeting allowed escape royalist probably attempted kill san trapped dead horse suffered injury face bullet wound arm juan juan intervened saved san life mortally wounded rescue san reported hit said die happy defeated enemy exact moment said unclear word meant immediately ongoing battle hours later decline san wrote battle report nearby tree considers words language language san spoke translated battle report juan commonly known sergeant private time battle san report mentions juan historians like bra support idea considers promoted posthumously documents confirming aftermath battle san acknowledged argentine historiography important battle argentine independence little military influence conflict recognition battle generated san fought size forces involved length clash normally mean considered military engagement real battle influence development argentine war independence victory prevent raids royalist ships new raids august san august william brown ended royalist naval supremacy following year san hostages ask instructed people avoid conflicts try restore peaceful relations requested assistance wounded soldiers san provided invited share large breakfast accepted san aware new ideas stake napoleonic wars influenced spanish military expected convince bad cause defend succeeded joined patriot forces san command administration leader popular resistance oriental sent agent san san victory san met john parish informed britain battle legacy argentine memorials places named battle including cities greater puerto general san named san juan respectively involved battle department province named juan sergeant described popular homage battle football club san named battle saint lawrence city san preserves site battle dedicated historic complex san convent working convent turned buildings museum retained san cell room medical treatment injured soldiers dead soldiers related items march san history convent mayor san agreement argentine armed forces regiment mounted permanent presence site battlefield known field glory turned park president monument symbolic wings victory eternal flame memorials patriot soldiers died battle memorials origins soldiers argentine provinces del san buenos_aires chile france exist time battle oriental province considered predecessor modern pine tree san martin wrote battle report known historic pine estimated age years convent battlefield historic pine declared national historic monuments argentina october law historic pine declared historic tree decree songs battle san theme san march military march composed february following proposal representative officially played october inauguration monument general san lyrics written professor march famous countries according argentine british community council considered europe best military marches written military bands brazil poland include musical battle san mentioned argentine victory argentine national anthem battles san las brief reference battle march flag flag argentina march includes historic says flag day rose middle battle pride gallantry went san incorrect current flag argentina widely battle conflict argentine war independence fought current argentine territory modern flag argentina san national institute states oral tradition san use flag operation