grand russia grand russia russian june 11th starting july starting birthday celebrated june new style second daughter nicholas monarch russia born saint_petersburg better known sisters lifetime headed red_cross committees world war like older sister grand russia wounded soldiers military hospital family arrested following russian revolution murder revolutionaries july resulted named passion bearer russian orthodox church younger sister grand russia elder sister grand maria russia grand russia russia sisters falsely rumored survived assassination dozens claimed surviving author michael speculated woman named tudor including maria murdered assassination squad early life characteristics grand siblings grand maria russia children close parents end lives described tall slender dark auburn hair dark blue gray eyes fine features refined elegant bearing daughter emperor considered beautiful grand sisters closely resembled mother title precisely translated grand princess meaning imperial higher rank europe royal grand widely translation title english russian friends family household servants generally called russian nicknames like children raised sisters slept camp beds took cold morning expected occupied projects spare moment work given gifts sold charity according story accustomed addressed addressed imperial lady waiting heading committee meeting kicked woman table crazy speak like older sister known household big pair according diary entry written father distant cousin grand duke russia given homage heroine alexander novel verse eugene father liked idea having daughters named like sisters famous poem like younger sisters older girls shared bedroom close early childhood spring fever confined nursery weeks away younger sisters began recover permitted older sister minutes didn recognize told visit child gently year old began cry protested pale thin child couldn older sister difficulty recover french tutor wrote sisters devoted practical natural talent leadership sisters gave nickname sent group representative wanted parents grant favor eighteen months senior objection decided charge situation closer mother sisters considered knew favorite daughter mother decisions sisters loved mother recalled french tutor knew surround gave way wrote nicholas march daughters explained way looking things wrote reserved balanced open spontaneous talented worked harder dedicated seeing projects completion elder sister colonel eugene family guard felt liking art maybe better man felt artistic talents better expressed talent choosing attractive creating elegant hair styles mother friend anna later wrote great talent making clothing dressed mother long hair professional hair stylist relationship like family long awaited heir baby suffered frequent attacks nearly died times sisters like mother potential carriers gene granddaughter queen_victoria trait inherited younger sister maria reportedly december operation remove according paternal aunt grand russia interviewed later life doctor performing operation ordered continue mother said believed normal believed carriers gene like mother carriers gene symptoms including lower normal blood factor lead heavy bleeding relied counsel russian peasant wandering holy man credited prayers saving ailing numerous occasions siblings taught view friend share autumn aunt grand russia escorted nursery meet sisters brother wearing long white children appeared friendly comfortable company friendship children evident messages sent february sent imperial children telegram advising love god nature creation particular earth mother god occupied flowers year old wrote letter asking visit telling hard mother ill know know wrote girls horrified permitted access nursery girls wanted barred contacts children accounts innocent nature nicholas ask avoid going future young aware tension nursery afraid mother reaction actions aid speak friend bad year old wrote mother march hope nurse nice friend eventually fired took book members family nicholas sister grand russia horrified story wrote diary march understand family regard saint viewed told grand visited getting ready bed sat talking girls hid presence afraid talk maria nurse royal children later disillusioned claimed raped spring empress refused believe told investigators said holy grand told claim immediately investigated caught young woman bed imperial guard dismissed post society grand released ardent completely innocent nature letters written grand circulated society rumors pornographic cartoons circulated depicted having relations empress daughters anna nude background nicholas ordered leave time displeasure went pilgrimage holy land despite rumors imperial family association continued murdered friend says gone heavy courses age souls developed wrote nicholas december rumored present murder december disguised lieutenant revenge tried violate rumored wrote french ambassador russia memoirs skeptical time truth wild rumors attributed hatred held people memoirs reported grand appeared cold visibly terribly upset death sat closely night received news reported young women mood sense political attended funeral december buried icon signed reverse mother sisters later kept recorded love light end love great suffering eat sleep mixed sin equal parts better love love mistaken suffering mistakes love strong lovers happy nature lord happiness ask lord teach love bright love joy love pure love sun sun makes warm love love bullet strike love like mother deeply religious read bible frequently studied theology struggled meaning good evil sorrow forgiveness man destiny earth decided struggle return good evil evil reigns court official felt reserved nature gave difficult character spiritual depth sister english tutor sydney later russian orthodox priest disagreed felt religion duty felt heart young adulthood world war young teenager assigned regiment soldiers given rank honorary colonel given regiment inspect soldiers regularly occasion greatly enjoyed nearly fourteen ill mother permit bed time review watch soldier like review second division second daughter turn wrote april yes mama second division know enjoyed company soldiers met young found behavior shocking group officers aboard imperial yacht gave older sister portrait nude david cut newspaper present day july laughed long hard fourteen year old wrote aunt grand russia officers wishes confess aren fourteen year old found distant cousin prince russia engagement helen serbia touching found thought helen kissing hilarious funny children kissing wrote july foul fall fourteen year old experienced brush violence witnessed assassination government minister performance opera house older sister followed father opera box witnessed shooting father later wrote mother empress maria september event upset girls trouble sleeping night years later world war broke red_cross nurse mother cared wounded soldiers private hospital grounds according devoted mother complained account youth spared trying cases worked hospital described journal planned silk occupied fearing tired help breathe acid asked insisted helping work strongly patriotic apologized october letter saying negative germans mother presence explained forgot mother born germany thought russian responded feel completely russian hurt feelings sharp words hurt actions gossip heard german connections august wrote mother letter expressing desire help bear brought war simply tell sorry beloved ones sorry way help useful moments sorry man grew adulthood undertook public appearances sisters headed committees recalled better known public sisters attention duty ability engage met memoirs mother friend lady waiting recalled social sisters friends age social life restricted rank mother society introspective known closest friends family mother reserve accounted pride knew gained affection reserve disappeared real apparent recalled creature ideal dreaming great friendships grew love sweet like daughter described shy grand reached hold hand nervous walking large group nurses terribly embarrassed frightened know greeted told impressed son gregory called home telephone spoke sixteen year old son gregory annoyed grand referred realizing gregory asked grand identify replied asked believing talking failed claim imperial title grand replied sister second occasion war lady waiting usually picked hospital detained sent carriage attendant sister decided shopping time ordered carriage stop near group shops went stores nurses uniforms came buying realized money wouldn known use day asked use money soldiers fell love occasion article december edition magazine royalty digest journal record peter wrote cousin officer imperial russian cavalry met wounded romance later developed young man appointed court gave french bulldog named september forgive little dog wrote mother september truth asked like gave said yes remember wanted came home thought suddenly like having pleased idea forgot dog died gave replacement took died rest family paid imperial family visit eighteen months gave dog little came hour yesterday evening wrote nicholas march looks man boy perfect son law foreign nice killed august commanding unit white russians fighting civil war ukraine according peter fond officer named cared wounded according diary nurse worked war described sat piano played tune finger talked low voice wearing mysterious expression face described sister come hospital felt grand wounded officers cause gossip damage girls negotiations marriage according sources serbian king peter wanted bride younger son prince alexander january serbian prime minister delivered letter nicholas king peter expressed desire son marry grand nicholas replied allow daughters decide marry noticed serbian prince alexander family dinner marriage negotiations ended outbreak world war exchanged letters alexander world war alexander distraught learned death captivity family arrested russian revolution imprisoned later private residences siberia drastic change circumstances uncertainty captivity took toll rest family work wrote fellow nurse receiving letter april strange sit morning home good health change wrote apparently trying advocate mother asked friend letter fellow nurses write directly wrote journal family write directly blamed revolution wishes write let write directly wrote dear dove december expressing concern fellow nurses patient treated son gregory noted grand firm energetic letter reflected nature mother english tutor sydney recalled grown razor thin captivity april moved nicholas maria remaining children remained suffered attack moved persuaded mother stop decision father leave decided level headed left manage household look month separation parents sister ladies waiting precious stones jewelry clothing hoping hide captors written nicholas maria heavily searched arrival items confiscated letter gave instructions deal code successful aware clothes executions later recalled sight imperial children sailor attended passed window carrying sick boy arms came grand loaded small personal belongings tried roughly pushed carriage came window came carrying little dog struggling drag heavy brown saw feet sink mud step tried come assistance roughly pushed death occasionally joined younger sisters guards tea asking questions families talking hopes new life england released occasion guards forgot told grand color joke shocked ran room pale death younger sister maria guards bad language pleasant guards thought acceptable manner recalled guards memoirs later new commander placed charge house family forbidden guards rules confinement strict family leader sent parents question guards rules happen family spent great deal time sitting mother ill brother reading mother playing games occupy time house sisters required laundry bread nursing skills called end june gave injection eugene ease kidney pain july local priests conducted private church service family reported family contrary custom fell knees prayer dead final entry final saying copied words known russian orthodox holy man father grief grief gardens world sins join grief find following day july sisters appeared good spirits joked moved beds room visiting cleaning women floor got hands knees help women guards weren looking young women wore long black skirts white silk clothing worn previous day short hair told women enjoyed physical wished house afternoon july day life sat mother read biblical books noted diary later mother daughter sat talked family having dinner night head detachment came announced family kitchen boy year old gather things family member boy actually sent hotel street guards want kill rest party family unaware plan kill upset unsettled absence went evening office time ask return kitchen boy kept long hours captivity telling boy return soon family late night night july family awakened told come lower level house unrest town large moved safety family emerged rooms carrying bags items comfortable family crossed saw stuffed mother bear cubs stood landing sign respect dead nicholas told servants family going place asked questions guards appear suspect going killed professional photographer directed family different positions photographer requested chairs sat son left stood stood right sisters stood servants left approximately half hour preparations group said little time girls english violating guard rules speak russian came ordered stand read sentence execution family time utter sounds shock protest death squad command began shooting early hours july initial round gunfire killed empress male servants wounded grand maria empress point gunmen leave room smoke toxic guns plaster dust bullets released walls allowing clear minutes gunmen returned killed named repeatedly tried shoot failed boy clothes shielded tried stab bayonet failed finally fired shots boy head approached room rear wall screaming mother stabbed young women inch bayonet difficulty penetrating sisters tried stand killed instantly shot head moment later died shot head author michael claim book house windsor rescued transported england married british officer lived tudor based claim studying diaries british agent richard hinted successful liberation grand allegedly historians claim survival stories persist bodies missing mass grave found forest outside bodies identified grand generally thought russians grand maria americans grand historians believe including assassinated august russian archaeologist announced discovery burned partial skeletons site near appeared match site described memoirs archaeologists said bones boy roughly ages thirteen years time death young woman roughly ages eighteen years old seventeen years month old time assassination sister maria nineteen years month old brother weeks shy fourteenth birthday years old time remains bodies archaeologists found container acid nails metal strips wooden box bullets caliber bones found metal metal rods preliminary testing indicated high degree probability remains belonged sisters russian forensic scientists announced january region chief forensic expert indicated results compared obtained foreign experts april russian forensic scientists announced dna testing proved remains belong sisters result family accounted information family passion russian orthodox church family previously russian orthodox church abroad holy bodies nicholas daughters finally interred peter paul cathedral july eighty years day murdered ancestry books alexander translator love power tragedy publications isbn christopher peter peter lost world nicholas isbn real peter forgotten romance royalty digest december margaret years russian court joseph complete wartime correspondence nicholas april march press thirteen years russian court isbn king wilson penny fate isbn peter anna anderson bay books isbn hugo elizabeth grand russia publishers inc isbn robert nicholas isbn robert final chapter isbn editors translator lifelong passion nicholas story isbn michael house windsor isbn helen days martin griffin isbn file isbn maxim royal family article gregory russia native land engineer looks present hill book company grand isbn anna memories russian court charlotte camera family album isbn

Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia


william 2nd baron william william william william william second baron lord lord held hostage captured second barons war records childhood expenses survive time hostage entered royal service succeeded father baron continued royal military service serving scotland wales protracted disputes lands embroiled life end life helped spark revolt king edward england favourites married twice heirs daughter grandson john family early life son william 1st baron wife daughter thomas likely born age given events prove born prior captured year came second barons war reign king henry iii england elder sided king simon rebellion younger hostage custody wife eleanor household accounts include expenses related younger william care confirmed grants land ancestors religious house king service unspecified duties overseas possible included accompanying king edward paris edward performed homage new french king philip edward french lands played significant role king edward welsh wars winter commanded force blockading castle men provided escort transport huge siege engine arrival engine great stones ammunition persuaded defenders castle surrender baron younger succeeded father march homage father lands received custody father lands march placed custody robert january summoned number times parliament baron second baron lord lord father death continued serve edward contributed money personal military service edward wars wales scotland france saw service took military campaign flanders reward service flanders received john eventually married daughter involved scottish wars battle july military service served king signing letter leading barons england pope viii barons papal interference royal rights england captured welsh rebel william resurrection hanged attributed thomas led giving testimony papal commissioners events surrounding hanging support likely commissioned condensed copy book public record office manuscript copy marginal estates owned ancestor william embroiled dispute bishop john brought case king case resulting decision overturned secured king edward confirmation earlier grants charters granting special rights liberties managed serving king scotland time easy access king insulted royal judge gross words describe royal official episode caused case reopened able settle issue grant rights men king edward england confiscated grounds given son law royal permission preceding years promised number persons including earl hugh younger roger late took custody protect rights persuaded king royal hands october appointed keeper honour november lords welsh marches resented seizure feeling king excuse applicable seizure causes rebellion led exile given younger traded honours induced sue new holder return april action succeeded june promptly gave elder returning property family eventually ended hands family issue decided marriage death legacy wife family known second wife elizabeth daughter daughters wife children second wife appears son named william subject military summons king edward mentioned settlement william father estates mention son making likely son died date died long heirs daughter grandson john elder daughter married john richard second daughter joan married james richard son jordan received lands death known man debt unable manage cash flow thomas stated chronicle rich descent property left


arabic literally spelled branch house ruling family refer collectively descendants ali named term refers brothers royal court minister commander chief defence force purpose article immediate descendants ali referred aforementioned brothers referred brothers family branch collectively history dates 1920s opposed british led administrative reforms launched military crackdown supported reforms perpetrators later court sentenced exile gradually returned kept outside government despite developing personal relations power regained influence late 1960s remained outside inner decision making circle period senior members critical ruling family opposed political reforms held british brothers rose power reign king present longstanding personal relationship mother belonged branch took leading positions controlled important institutions increasingly influential power reportedly surpassing prime minister house reported split moderate faction led crown prince faction led brothers share anti reform agenda report revealed alleged secret plan brothers aimed majority identified cousins leader alleged conspiracy uprising brothers objected compromise opposition instead preferred crackdown failed round negotiations led brothers led crackdown described widest modern history commander chief army given wide authority announcement martial law led main crackdown operation presided military courts interviews regional local media involved crackdown director national security agency found responsible arbitrary arrests systematic torture crackdown empowered brothers faction found allies stripped powers brothers share anti west conservative ideology believe west iran gulf cooperation council countries accuse united_states secretly supporting opposition allied saudi_arabia groups hold anti ideology viewing fifth column iran based beliefs brothers pushed security approach deal instead political reforms allegedly political tool nomenclature literally means refer descendants ali half brother ibn ali ruler branch house ruled led coalition tribes invaded country eponymous married women sons daughter survived ali sons died older ali term refer specifically brothers sons died usually connected maternal cousins collectively known sons daughters arabic mothers belong family aforementioned sons half brothers included brothers faction history administrative reforms context history dates 1920s british pushing administrative reforms nature reforms referred reforms twenties administrative leaving political issues legitimacy public representation mainly focused public offices economic resources country divided camps supporting reforms composed elder son ruler heir apparent ibn british political agent major time composed half population opposing faction composed ruler ibn ali younger son origin heavily desperate rid tribal regime major claimed victims corruption atrocities oppression opposing faction rejected reforms basis equity law remove advantages exemption taxes sovereignty estates series pro anti reform petitions submitted factions different british officials including foreign office situation remained unchanged years british role ali ancestor governor ruled islands elder son controlled known hard events took new turn wanting end calls reform tribe armed tactics reform supporters paramilitary forces numbered percent total manpower men attacked villages ali attacked island attacks resulted killing villagers burning houses women violence settled colonel british acting political resident arrived forced ali favor elder son agreed reduce taxes residents following visit soon left taxes increased residents continued subjected forced labor situation prompted hold protest british agency demanding solution situation equal taxation citizens taxes imposed writing journal arabian studies argues reason involvement probably father ambition hold senior position succeeded stopping reforms placing ruler added british selected ruler obliged accept governorship hope gain immensely final defeat reforms accompanied historical accident sidelined power years earlier petitions political crisis continued reign encouraged british began setting criminal court try involved violence including cousins ruler dilemma tribal alignment public law exiled cousins paid expenses held deep residents witnessed attacked island exile killing men women children attackers sentenced death following major protests lengthy second trial managed escape sentence carried father confined trials marked time history members ruling family convicted gradually pardoned allowed leaders community persuaded attack villages eldest exiled years convicted responsible failed assassination attempt ruler cousin instead getting tried ruler appointed palace brother originally exiled years allowed probably exiled infant incidents occurred kept outside inner decision making circle reign present kept away government positions charles adviser ruler colonial administration fit militant opponents administrative reforms explained factors kept away power relative lack efficiency head new specialized offices self isolation lingering british ruling branch personal links center power rulers son married respectively mother current king return government appointed minister municipalities rural affairs given ministry justice islamic affairs kept cabinet november 1970s opposed constitutional reforms paved road short lived parliament critical ruling family highlighting rampant economic exploitation farmers properties older brother critical ruling family sons head positions reign refusing positions offered result criticism family particularly noted hate british parts ruling family return power following sudden death father march ruler new leader mother belonged branch early years reign initiated series reforms including releasing political prisoners allowing return retracted earlier reforms brothers sons strong relations king date according wall_street_journal years old heir apparent years old named head crown prince court dismissed statement tasked younger brother said college years helping build defence force arab israeli war promoted position chief staff army book light modern heritage introduced brother colleague reign present regained influence inner decision making circle oversaw continued oversee empowerment wrote occupied leading positions led important institutions including national security agency judiciary central organization youngest son ali headed supreme committee tasked drafting national action charter removed position minister justice islamic affairs headed 1970s instead placed minister islamic affairs second deputy prime minister lost cabinet positions headed supreme council islamic affairs senior member house title royal court minister leaked cable ambassador noted king little reign instead allowed shots crack hard named key hard liners cable quoted editor chief newspaper calling facto michael field mentioned powerful control led access king younger brother defence minister commander chief army later promoted supreme commander armed forces given rank field marshal arabic widely known defense budget rose million million increase country region war torn iraq writer cited royal order prevented parliament questioning military budget sign growing influence brothers wrote brothers stronger prime minister said facto rulers mirror said brothers strong represented new royal family source referred minister king brothers grand uncle son members royal family council notable occupied leading positions include ceo national oil gas authority director central bank chairman supreme council health minister state defense affairs brother deputy chairman holding company housing committee mall said candidate succeeding nephew ali current minister justice lived life egypt born egyptian mother returning notable include secretary general supreme defence council previously head brother chairman telecommunications company cousin general director ruling family council finally current president asian football federation sons security adviser prime minister court head president central statistics bureau royal court minister cabinet affairs director central statistics bureau head defence force hospital later head king university hospital member supreme council health internal rift following return leading positions brothers engaged huge battle control family said london chatham house foreign observers palace expressed concern brothers far shifting royal succession line unnamed officials likelihood change division ruling family clear anonymous non senior royal interview wall_street_journal saying surrounding king powerful king declined comment story king advisers said close told wall_street_journal exaggerated probably competition succession elderly healthy debate blood fairy tales added investigation committee reportedly formed identify sources leaked information hand brothers faction led represent hard liners hand crown prince seen leader los_angeles_times reported according jane chatham house king seen leaning particular ideology ruler key person factions seek influence previously thought head camp recent years rise brothers picture appears simplistic added economist intelligence unit mentioned royal family split factions led led led brothers supported aforementioned statement named head faction uprising brothers tense relations sides hated mirror reported expressed hate brothers times audience council refused cooperate ministers influence following start uprising relations reported improved brothers said form anti reform considered politically flexible report adviser cabinet affairs ministry distributed page report revealing alleged led political conspiracy aiming majority minimize influence ruling family strategies alleged conspiracy order shift demographic balance strategies included media use rigging parliamentary election report named head conspiracy leading underground network aims legal legitimacy popular civil organizations described influential protégé total million reportedly dispersed contributors report said origins conspiracy stemmed secret study iraqi academic recommended government deported report banned mention media parliament denied allegations called iran backed effort government charged possessing stolen government documents said charge added perceptions documents credible added claim gained government published new demographic data showed previous seven years los_angeles_times said report evidence government support uprising context inspired popular uprisings tunisia egypt protesters took streets day rage february security forces responded firing tear gas rubber bullets sound bombs crowd protesters killing day killed thousands occupied pearl roundabout capital february authorities launched pre dawn raid protesters makeshift camp pearl roundabout left protesters dead injured following day army forces stationed pearl roundabout fired live ammunition hundreds protesters tried occupy site protesters hurt fatally wounded bringing number deaths seven offered dialogue opposition parties february tens thousands protesters occupied pearl roundabout army ordered withdraw march martial law declared troops called despite hard crackdown official ban protests continued role brothers divisions royal family came public uprising king elder son heir apparent responding positively pressure compromise opposition brothers preferred crackdown february march authorized father lead semi secret negotiations opposition offered historic concessions including bigger share parliament according mirror surprised brothers aimed things limit influence period lost position minister cabinet affairs limited cabinet aimed satisfy opposition repeatedly accused cabinet introduced adviser minister housing according sources interviewed brothers rejected deal led confrontation crown prince royal court minister family meeting according sources went saudi_arabia convinced king oppose deal secured sources mention brothers led security forces attacked protesters talks fell apart source close brothers dismissed aforementioned narrative blamed failure talks opposition rejection deal ali head main opposition party said accepted initiative hours later troops came severed dialogue according brothers effectively blocked direct dialogue opposition failed february march talks march king announced month state national safety granting wide ranging powers including authority issue regulations governing manner conduct aforementioned royal decree authorized oversee implementation decree agencies government led operation clear pearl roundabout protesters early hours march people died day gunshot police reportedly run frequently appeared local regional media interview called protesters echoed accusing protesters drugs protesters given pills affected minds unusual things said warning protesters message return come stronger time said uprising measures conspiracy involving iran support united_states said uprising called coup plot supported unnamed gulf country funded later days brothers led crackdown daily clashes security forces opposition activists crackdown widest opposition modern history dozens protesters killed torture police custody thousands expelled jobs dozens demolished court national safety military court convicted defendants including opposition leaders outside thirteen different style crackdown reflected different leadership calling shots said independent reported continued crackdown led intervention increased influence named leading royal family professor michael hudson said crackdown mark victory hard liners royal establishment led member branch played important role crackdown found independent commission inquiry executed hundreds arbitrary arrests unnecessary excessive force terror inspiring behaviour damaged properties found subjected systematic torture led death journalists following release report removed position given positions king adviser secretary general supreme defense council according believed closely involved agency martial law lifted june followed king national dialogue failure dialogue served divide branches wrote according sources sidelined allies removed influential positions facto parallel cabinet known economic development board stripped powers writes king similarly overshadowed brothers influence increased uprising lost cabinet position early days uprising appointed minister follow royal court january brothers wanted initiate talks soon abandoned idea opposition pro government finally called renewed dialogue december speech contained generous brothers influence new dialogue began february participate despite opposition calls spokesman tweeted participants talks warned concession coup appointment deputy march raised hopes moderate government adviser important step represent starting point meaningful reform later said economist intelligence unit mentioned placed candidate succeed remained utterly sidelined said christopher cautioned public relations stunt meaningful political concession remains seen added ideology political allies anti west conservatives according freedom house brothers represent promote ideological orientation sees target iranian western backed expense ruling family gulf leaders afghanistan iraq relative military nuclear ambitious iran deepened brothers ideology rich experience 1920s british driven administrative reforms came expense interview newspaper considered arab spring movements tunisia egypt libya western conspiracy acknowledged syrian civil war true popular revolution hinted troops involved iran mercenaries defeated syria come gulf added march interview accused secretly supporting opposition ing gulf states protested halting supply crowd control weapons denying aircraft basing access described effectively king brothers classified anti american hard liners independent said close tries saudi_arabia opposed concessions opposition pushed increasingly conservative agenda chief allies london washington beginning fear normally pro west monarchy group anti american anti british views london based newspaper added monitor mentioned brothers allied groups including islamic society muslim brotherhood national unity assembly independent london based freedom movement said preferred deal instead brothers brothers support saudi_arabia left british sort added according brothers faction believes suppressing aspirations means supporting groups propelled inspire laden los_angeles based newspaper added pro government newspaper refers laden title honor newspaper controlled brothers published image diplomat given protesters outside embassy newspaper portrayed israeli intelligence agent forcing embassy send home safety fears newspaper criticized alleged support protesters featuring series articles president united_states titled obama identified aforementioned paper added writer obama series praised promoted editor chief year later brothers rising influence divisions house prompted officials viable continue base thousands service members families international peace called prepare plans gradual relocation fifth fleet assets functions hand simon henderson wrote relocating fifth fleet serve brothers brothers faction prospect means royal family path added year start led 1990s uprising publicly distributed politically charged poem contained racist views verse poem called spill ing die called ing sensitive position said poem tribal cum ethnic cum political counter according michael field reputation hard freedom house mentioned brothers decidedly anti agenda community fifth column dealt framework security political violence rise powers iraq strengthened belief view security problem led brothers consider economic political reforms invalid instead thought reforms lead demand view state trapped attempt purchase political stability fact serves open door increased instability wrote brothers allegedly undertaken measures limit majority influence excluding sensitive positions sovereign police army balance demographics electoral districts public opinion evidence policies presented later exposed report exclusion minority public sphere accomplished saudi_arabia ideology institutions exclusion majority likely difficult sustain said wrote uprising brothers aided allies muslim brotherhood good use opposition prevent broad based movement forming added employed state controlled funded newspaper portrait iran opposition said groups mainly supported considered particularly potent harmful congressional research service report mentioned brothers considered opposed compromise analysis argued king empowerment brothers unaware anti reform ideology actions wolf sheep clothing instead wrote king probably wanted counter influence uncle strong elected effective ruler concludes rise brothers owes combination personal relationships shared background military political explanations offered include king simply took interest ruling instead occupied recreation begun security approach parallel reforms measure case failed mirror mentioned king delegated affairs state brothers fully manage wish wrote long remained power compromise protesters killed writing mirror researcher argued role brothers constitute faction instead said faction led hand writer argued brothers king crew allegations including report king projects argued early reforms initiated king known reform project aim concentrating power hand away creation popular partnership democratic life added responsible formation implementation called strategy moderate instead said unable form balance powerful


october september better known later adviser companion queen_victoria united_kingdom born lutheran pastor entered household kent husband prince edward duke kent years later child princess victoria strongly protective princess resided household dominated controlling system implemented sir john dear good soon came victoria eyes including mother victoria second line british throne prevent victoria surrounded king george named kingdom later year encouraged princess strong informed independent influence causing friction attempts remove support george brother william victoria uncle belgium unsuccessful victoria queen served sort unofficial private secretary enjoying apartments adjacent victoria queen marriage prince albert led significant changes royal household albert illness princess royal quietly dismissed close relationship queen came end continued write letters spent years generous pension dying historian writes major influence victoria character particular giving strength survive troubled childhood young family early life born october youngest seven daughters sons lutheran pastor friedrich wife palm forced circumstances work living young employed von aristocratic german family earned glowing references based references household princess victoria december served year old princess daughter princess husband prince princess victoria married prince edward duke kent time fourth line british throne entire household moved england new kent child born strengthening child claim throne baby girl christened victoria mother godfather alexander russia grow queen_victoria tutor princess victoria duke kent died suddenly followed quickly father king george iii victoria uncle prince regent ascended throne george victoria line crown duke york duke past middle age legitimate heirs likely eventual victoria educated accordingly longer required services dismissal known household took year old victoria care john appointment german english believed unlikely operate independent wishes twentieth century historian christopher describes handsome woman despite pointed nose chin clever emotional fearing stern manner dear good soon came occupy place victoria heart superseded including mother kent encouraged princess distrust mother mother friends maintain independence money lacked ambition instead choosing devote time energy princess victoria took calling mother private writing devoted attached friend controlling system devised victoria accompanied times day consequently allowed leave victoria dismissed nighttime required hold princess hand victoria descended staircase duke york died making duke heir victoria second line throne complained princess surrounded leading george award titles kingdom george died duly succeeded brother duke king william william formally recognised victoria according time famous scene took place slipped copy house princess lesson books time victoria came father line king queen adelaide surviving children time victoria came realise destiny assumed birth british monarch pause victoria reported said good story entered folk legend future english generations king william appointed friend northumberland victoria official role ceremonial princess continued depend dismissed victoria mother kent attempting influential victoria education time held official position court despite recently acquired title status continued victoria wish victoria dependent wanted charge strong informed woman victoria grew older attempts removal influence tactics proved unsuccessful princess devoted evident journals true friend household suddenly dismissed orders rumours witnessed members george court speculated leave remained silent issue preserved position kent wrote daughter stern letter demanding victoria develop formal intimate relationship year victoria turned sixteen plans dismiss fell apart victoria week illness aided weakened victoria refusal sign document prepared guarantee position queen tenure support george william victoria belgium believed vital princess health happiness continued resistance influence education victoria received rudimentary solid contrary prevailing attitudes time tutor george successfully encouraged victoria enjoy acquiring knowledge charge solid department studies concentrated ornamental departments dancing gaining education princess learned speak french german latin english liked history taught economics geography mathematics politics art music strict rewarded princess departure era employed little corporal punishment record household accounts victoria power victoria ascended throne enjoyed prominent position coronation remained court installed buckingham palace sort unofficial private secretary served chief liaison royal residences carried household keys sign position signature required payments bills instance point totally replaced victoria mother terms influence affection apartments queen kent installed suite rooms far removed victoria years victoria reign especially marriage prince albert strong influence queen outlook politics personal matters despite fact overtly involve state affairs queen marriage retained private doorway royal bedroom source displeasure albert supplanted prince albert coming prince albert led significant changes victoria household opposed ambitions victoria marrying albert believing princess second queen elizabeth virgin independent male influence albert educated completed tour europe preceded years university victoria court dismayed german albert soon developed dislike sought albert ways found personally queen referring crazy stupid victoria child victoria princess royal born november victoria trusted arrangements nursery staff nursery hands roberts sir james clark despite albert objections clark wholly post having affair lady flora hastings year previously eventually princess royal fell ill incompetent clark declared minor incorrectly fact young princess victoria seriously ill albert devoted born confronted victoria incompetence staff selected quarrel albert declared leave affair hands head child died soon argument victoria gave ultimately dismissed ostensibly health albert servant attempted rise place life wanted victoria rely reports reasons departure varied court charles noted leaving health says stay months supposed return times reported simply visiting friends germany departure family adviser baron remarked affair great difficulty prince succeeded getting rid contest influence conform change position remained palace end life death legacy dismissed court returned native germany living near lived sister generous pension victoria sent covered walls house portraits queen sister died months later continued support financially continued regard victoria affection queen wrote regularly weekly later monthly request visiting relations germany queen came visit twice private died september buried cemetery queen_victoria ordered erection memorial death queen_victoria spoke gratitude relationship commented came throne got trying especially marriage evil intention mistaken idea duty affection time english court attracted attention outside royal household close relationship victoria criticised influence queen particularly disliked german influences court pamphlets released party complained stranger country evil surrounding victoria particular published warning letter declared certain foreign lady pulled wires conspiracy lady flora victim reference flora hastings affair positive times described having simply held highly strictly confidential situation person sovereign sign perceived political influence possessed false rumours suggested converted whig party offered urgent proposal marriage whig prime minister melbourne despite criticism historian gill describes honest victoria ascended throne demands money rank preferring instead simply queen company historian adds major influence victoria character moral development particular giving queen strength survive troubled childhood young influence positive speculates crisis stemmed partly victoria lose portrayed numerous times film television played german film films victoria great glorious years barbara prime minister television serial story episode hall_of_fame patience edward seventh diana television serial victoria albert film young victoria


clan clan japanese clan claimed descent clan power base province clan subdued late 12th century later entered service period served provincial deputy province today clan sided western army battle punished moved smaller territory northern province northern start period survived lords domain known domain course period major branches clan established ruled war signatories pact formed internal debate disagreement domain clan switched sides joined imperial forces alliance families clan relieved title origins clan claimed descent grandson prominent 11th century warrior received land province province reward military service took residence village territory village son turn passed son clan remain ordered led rebellion power figure neighboring province defeated killed followed war son sided clan defeated territory confiscated years later son allowed vassal served attack province clan later returned old territory periods period family heads served hereditary governors province based official oversaw affairs region clan saw great deal military service banner period worked rebellious clans region control family head early period renowned battle known nickname fought late clan extending power southern encounter battle men fought troops won use rifles troops fought date clan ultimately defeated forces command date son clan pledged siege fall accepted guaranteed territory province having received recognition ruler province drive province rule strengthened brought nearly province control exception areas control assured clan clan joined invasion korea deploying troops castle province era sided western army battle discovered secret communication leader western army western army defeat eastern forces clan allowed continue punished clan income level severely reduced territories moved smaller northern japan remained income level classified outside income level remained constant history domain agricultural crises resulted peasant uprisings course history internal conflict disturbance brought financial issues better known 8th generation lord accomplished artist painted number paintings dutch style produced european painting techniques including depiction perspective student dutch studies scholar invited advise management domain copper mines lifetime school art born briefly flourished domain uncommon contained castle despite castle domain rule main castle castle castles fortified estates domain given senior ran small castle town senior personal resided castle towns clan elder families serving domain branches family north family west family north family fortified estates mentioned west resided family unrelated held castle rule clan ranked province holding family privilege audiences great hall castle lord held office clan domains northern assisted frontier region war restoration imperial rule late war broke early pitting coalition southern domains forces city fell remnants forces retreated northward fighting followed northward clan pact formed alliance anti northern domains led domain clan delegation alliance headquarters led clan elder political difficulties alliance culminated murder delegation august display heads castle town delegation led dispatched request domain hand officials imperial delegation originally sent region gather support imperial cause backed alliance supported imperial army days later september clan neighboring domain followed suit response pro alliance domains sent troops attack forces hard pressed defend territory result alliance troops advances war end castle burned october troops took domain castles early formally gave domain registers imperial government imperial governor domain han imperial government rewarded service rendered main line clan raising income heads clan branches relieved office ordered relocate tokyo era title received title north family received title baron son served imperial japanese army fought rebellion current governor descendant north branch clan president engineering corporation descendant east lesser branch family heads notable


bulgarian bulgarian noble 13th 14th century member dynasty younger brother george influential local ruler rose position brother george assumed throne forced exile turn 14th century returned bulgaria ally regent widowed consort oppose accession nephew assisted contenders promptly eliminated betrayed ally byzantines george like brother george origin bulgarian historian opinion george ancestors sought refuge bulgaria left kingdom hungary amidst brothers originated royal dynasty ruler probably relative direct ancestor interprets originating language expression heated iron rose importance accession older brother george bulgarian throne conferred high noble title george reign american historian john fine believes granted time domain dates long george reign unlike neighbouring remained loyal bulgarian government ensured domain retained ties capital fine describes lands spanning region modern east west south balkan mountains capital fortress rose valley george flee exile followed brother refugee byzantine_empire certainly settled golden long approval returned bulgaria reign empire hands child mother widow tentatively known pledged loyalty granted domain south balkan mountains restored consolidate union married daughter princess maria possibly late appointment ensured lands better protected brothers byzantium held aspirations bulgarian throne domains regency influential people bulgaria byzantine statesman refers calls queen right hand man leading position leaves little doubt involved fruitless anti byzantine negotiations bulgaria serbia goes far suggest proposed anti byzantine union george son nephew legitimate successor bulgarian throne invaded bulgaria troops news invasion force flee troops reached capital gave refuge clearly opposed newly crowned nephew brother headed byzantine supported campaign route capital attack disastrous consequences captured blinded forced byzantine generals sent captives act pledged allegiance rewarded extension enlarged east include fortresses near today nominally loyal presence court seen bulgarian emperor threat addition desire throne victory byzantium byzantines approached proposal anti bulgarian alliance initially remained adamant hostile byzantine forces entered domain end year switched sides byzantines took fortresses granted shortly restored direct power murdered campaign activity mentioned later sources widow maria son managed escape serbia maria sister married prince stephen having serbian subject installed cousin king stephen local ruler region macedonia donor portraits maria exist monastery near buried


richard 16th earl richard 16th earl november april known english nobleman administrator military commander son richard 5th earl salisbury wealthiest powerful english peer age political connections went country borders leaders wars roses originally later switching instrumental deposition kings fact later earned epithet later generations fortunes marriage inheritance emerged centre english politics originally supporter king henry territorial dispute duke somerset led collaborate richard duke york opposing king conflict gained strategically valuable post captain position benefited greatly years come political conflict later turned scale rebellion battle york slain father salisbury york son later assistance crowned king edward edward initially ruled support later fell foreign policy king choice elizabeth wife failed plot crown edward brother george duke instead restored henry throne triumph short lived april defeated edward battle killed sons elder daughters married george duke younger daughter anne short lived marriage king henry son edward westminster died battle age married king edward younger brother richard duke gloucester later king richard iii historical legacy matter dispute historical opinion alternated seeing self centred victim king generally agreed time enjoyed great popularity layers society skilled appealing popular sentiments political support ancient durham family came prominence england fourteenth century wars scots king richard earl son richard later earl father younger son second marriage heir received favourable settlement earl salisbury marriage alice daughter thomas 4th earl salisbury salisbury son richard later earl born november little known childhood age richard anne daughter richard 13th earl wife heir salisbury substantial inheritance circumstances increase fortune son henry married richard sister died henry daughter anne died richard found earl richard succession estates undisputed protracted battle parts inheritance ensued particularly 1st duke somerset married daughter richard marriage dispute centred land title henry half sisters excluded succession richard knight probably margaret coronation april year visible historical record service king henry makes mention services grant performed military service north father taken war scotland richard duke york unsuccessfully rose king father rallied king henry civil war june somerset granted custody heritage held open conflict broke men summer year king henry fell ill somerset favourite king queen margaret king virtually complete control government disadvantage dispute somerset drove collaboration york political climate influenced military defeat france started turning somerset march group royal appointed duke york protector realm york count support father salisbury deeply involved disputes north england york long early king rallied sufficiently return power nominally somerset wielding real power returned estates york salisbury started raising troops marching london encountered king forces clashed battle brief particularly bloody instance armed hostilities forces houses york lancaster conflict known wars roses significant resulted capture king death somerset york second followed shorter lived parliament february king influence queen margaret resumed personal government realm time taken salisbury role york main ally appearing parliament protect york conflict pivotal period career resolved appointment constable post provide vital power base following years conflict continental town conquered france vital strategic importance held england largest standing army initial disputes garrison royal wool monopoly known staple payments july finally took post recent events queen margaret considered threat throne cut supplies august french attack english sandwich set fears scale french invasion funded protect garrison patrol english coast disregard royal authority conducted highly successful acts piracy fleet fleet weeks later time continent establish relations charles vii france philip good developing solid military reputation good international connections brought garrison england met father york summer house york triumphant september crossed england way north meet salisbury fresh victory battle heath york nearby bridge forces scattered king army partly contingent command andrew turned majority soldiers reluctant raise arms king forced flee country york left dublin ireland second son earl salisbury sailed accompanied duke son edward earl march future king edward henry duke somerset appointed replace captain managed hold garrison march visited york ireland plan way ahead returned june landed sandwich salisbury march rode north london salisbury left tower london took march pursuit king july king henry taken captive duke buckingham killed battle september york arrived ireland parliament october year duke walked throne hand act signifying left assembly shock unclear prior knowledge york plans assumed agreed ireland previous march soon clear regime change unacceptable lords parliament compromise agreed act accord october stated henry allowed stay throne remainder life son edward prince wales instead york succeed king act protector solution ideal party conflict inevitable december battle york killed york second son earl younger brother thomas salisbury executed day later marched north confront enemy defeated forced flee second battle joined forces prince edward york new crown won important victory battle cross queen margaret edward london citizens capital scared brutal conduct forces sympathetic house york march prince proclaimed king edward assembly gathered quickly new king headed north consolidate title met forces yorkshire suffered injury leg day battle played minor battle followed unusually bloody battle resulted complete victory forces death important men opposing henry earl northumberland andrew queen margaret managed escape scotland henry prince edward edward returned london coronation remained north apex position accession edward stronger succeeded father possessions inherited mother lands salisbury title altogether annual income lands far man realm king edward confirmed position captain admiral england steward lancaster offices brothers benefited john lord warden east march year created earl northumberland george bishop exeter confirmed post chancellor king edward promoted york late north summer negotiated truce scotland october year margaret invaded england troops france managed castles organise recapture castles accomplished january leaders rebellion including sir pardoned left charge castles point felt secure travel south february buried remains father brother march attended parliament westminster spring north rose rebellion laid siege castle returned north rescued left possession northumberland government decided diplomatic approach instead separate negotiated scotland france allowed retake castles held rebels time given thirty rebel leaders executed early tensions negotiations french king edward interested marriage arrangement french crown intended bride louis sister law daughter louis duke marriage september edward revealed married elizabeth marriage caused great offence fact plans secrecy king acted marriage contracted year public pressed edward issue council meeting french believing king marriage proposal edward marriage love match long run sought build family powerhouse independent influence cause complete fallout men point increasingly stayed away court promotion brother george archbishop york shows earl favour king july henry captured escorted fallen king captivity tower spring sent continent carry negotiations french negotiations centred marriage proposal involving edward sister margaret increasingly came favour french diplomatic connections edward father law richard earl rivers created treasurer favour alliance set internal conflict english court fact edward signed secret treaty october forced carry negotiations french later george dismissed chancellor edward refused marriage oldest daughter edward brother george duke increasingly clear position dominance court taken rivers autumn rumours sympathetic cause refused come court answer charges king accepted denial writing july year revealed deputy john lord involved conspiracy early plot uncovered involving john earl oxford clear discontent edward reign widespread fact exploit rebellion death orchestrated rebellion yorkshire away led robin plan winning edward brother george possibly prospect installing throne nineteen year old george shown share abilities older brother jealous july sailed george married returned england gathered men kent join rebellion north king forces defeated william earl killed commander earl devon caught flight mob later earl rivers son john murdered army defeated king taken arrest archbishop imprisoned august taken north castle long run proved impossible rule king continuing disorder forced release edward september achieved king months restoration henry northumberland prevented chance reconciliation trap set king disturbances lincolnshire led north confronted men edward discovered plot robert lord routed field gave away plan soon gave fled country denied access sought refuge king louis france louis arranged reconciliation margaret agreement margaret henry son edward prince wales marry daughter anne objective alliance restore henry throne staged uprising north king away landed plymouth september brother taken rebellion disappointed loyalty king rewarded restoration time trap set king worked edward south forces approached north king found surrounded october fled netherlands king henry restored acting true ruler capacity lieutenant parliament november edward lands titles awarded york point international affairs intervened louis declared war duke charles responded granting expeditionary force edward order reclaim throne march edward landed yorkshire earl northumberland waiting queen margaret son edward supposed bring reinforcements france kept continent bad weather point edward received support brother realised new agreement weakened went pursuit edward april armies met fog poor visibility field led confusion army ended attacking men face defeat attempted escape field struck horse killed aftermath body brother fallen displayed london paul cathedral quell rumours survival handed archbishop buried family vault near river_thames trace remains tomb church housed year edward defeated remaining forces queen margaret prince edward battle prince killed soon reported king henry died tower direct line edward reign safely death offices divided king edward brothers george duke married daughter richard duke gloucester future richard iii received england ireland gloucester admiral england warden west march received salisbury earl land taken king custody gloucester married younger daughter anne recently widowed death prince edward dispute broke princes compromise eventually reached land divided plotted brother time king longer act year duke executed historical assessment early sources richard fall categories sympathetic chronicles early years works based mirror category originates chronicles commissioned edward fall edward negative view earl mirror portrayed great man beloved people betrayed man helped raise throne perspective found shakespeare henry trilogy man driven pride created deposed kings time view dominated enlightenment whig historians eighteenth nineteenth centuries development constitutional monarchy way struggles edward david called greatest mighty barons crown rendered people incapable regular system civil government later writers split admiration character traits condemnation political actions romantic novelist lord picked theme barons portrayed tragic hero embodied ideals time past late nineteenth century military historian charles acknowledged earl ability appeal popular sentiments pointed deficiencies military commander found traditional attaining heights military genius displayed pupil edward paul murray popular biography took sympathetic view concluded ultimately fallen victim ambition recent historians michael tried light standards age holding contemporary constitutional ideals insults suffered hands king edward including edward secret marriage refusal french diplomatic channel significant claim prominence national affairs product confirmed high standing enjoyed princes continent furthermore cause considered contemporaries seen earl popularity exceeding king time rebellion hand easily suffer treatment king equally impossible edward accept earl presence political scene long remained powerful influential edward fully assert royal authority eventual confrontation inevitable coat arms earl coat arms unusually complex period seven different quarter consists arms father law richard 13th earl bore arms arms wife showed fourth quarter second quarter showed arms arms quarter showed arms label lancaster descent father earl salisbury eldest son heir 1st earl wife lady joan daughter duke lancaster family tree chart shows abbreviated form family background richard family connections houses york lancaster lines denote marriage solid lines children anne shown husbands order right left ancestry chronicles


house house armenian armenian dynasty ruled region greater onwards regions lower small named armenian feudal prince family able maintain autonomy centuries foreign domination region turks armenian princes saw holding armenian independence region churches monuments helped armenian culture region late 16th century family branched establish making known origins traced descent armenian dynasty family establishment region ancestry exclusively armenian according historian robert professor university expert history male line princes later kings married ancestors descended kings armenia dynasty centered armenian kings dynasty centered region van princes dynasty persia second royal house albania branch kings ancient family roots entrenched intricate array royal marriages new old armenian families grandfather known great prince ruled northern half stepped ruler region entered monastery life divided land southern half comprising went oldest son known northern half went youngest gregory black married daughter line princes married daughter king inherited father law lands late 1960s 1970s origins larger debate revolving history armenian scholars addition position held solely historians time heavy influence contend population monuments armenian origin argument employed armenian monuments region foremost views asserted based interpretation inscription carved monastery prince armenian historians experts region reject conclusions notion held stole albania culture reign culture surrender byzantine_empire byzantine annexation final independent armenian state historic armenia kingdom came end despite foreign domination region pronounced turks defeated byzantines battle eastern armenia able maintain autonomy mountainous kingdoms early century combined georgian armenian armies successful pushing turks eastern armenia establishing period relative peace prosperity appearance numerous invasions severed rest kingdom reign family concentrated rivers birth date unknown reign beginning ending time death encompassed surrounding armenian regions father died inherited lands took residence castle addressed titles king armenian absolute ruler took official title king married daughter final king medieval armenian historian work history armenia praise devotion christianity pious god loving man mild lover poor prayers like lived desert performed matter like monk memory resurrection spent sunday sleeping standing fond priests lover knowledge reader divine testament devotion included commissioning monastery construction monastery began lasted july amid great celebration celebrations presence nearly priests including albania church consecrated monastery went residence family house beginning 15th century family control seat pass uncle nephew son john vii considered established practice nephew named john second despite christianity muslim influence region influenced culture customs christians living georgia armenia especially turks invaded byzantine art scholar anthony example notes outward rule presented islamic customs titles notably depiction principal foundation image drum dome sitting cross legged remarks predominant device depicting power court muslim influence seen fashion time adopted arabic lost original armenian names armenian arabic words fact described person meant handsome grand wealth governance armenian home armenia completed calendar collection short lives saints accounts important religious events idea new better organized came placed request father israel israel disciple important armenian medieval philosopher native known developed ordered known israel mass printed constantinople invasion armies invaded prior entering people able refuge located directly south known persian given formidable location atop mountain chose fortress sued negotiations exchanged loyalty military service empire return immediate lands adjacent conquered later struck coins common types feeling need preserve power traveled twice capital empire able obtain special autonomy rights privileges people domain ruling khan despite arrangement viewed people region contempt excessively khan regional time placed restrictions prompted journey capital protest response khan drafted document freedom lord albania properties goods free allowed travel freely authority said attempted strengthen alliances having daughter marry son leader relations continued deteriorate document issued khan failed uphold promises finally decided ally forces georgian king david leading insurrection rule captured times family able free paying ransom insurrection eventually failed orders khan arrested taken iran according appealed khan wife pressure free father khan learned tortured finally executed son ordered men iran retrieve father body tossed bringing body given proper funeral buried monastery later family rule following death family truncated official title shorter princes ordered father position held post cousin descendants family given control region method showing relation descendants adopted surname end form family funded numerous architectural cultural projects continue stand today including monastery adjacent church john baptist late 16th century family branched established settlements liberation movement persian wars 17th century 18th century fiercely resisted fought incursions sides quarter 18th century aided invading russian armies help clear region turks prominent families took cause liberate region foreign control foremost armenian held secret meeting proposing delegation travel europe garner support liberation region accompanying israel traveled russia help build support army peter great died way soon took lead figure movement continued negotiations peter letter sent promised support man armenian army support neighboring georgian forces continued peter concluded agreement ottoman_empire oddly gave muslim populated regions eastern russia christian populated western regions turks finished conquering territory comprising large parts eastern civil war russian interest soon waned peter death leaders pulled forces river gained territories north south ceded iran led treaties ottomans temporarily gained christian regions blamed failure leaders armenian army forced fend turkish invasions course period 17th century early 19th century house establishment armenian noble houses including family rulers die final russian_empire entered region russo persian war following end second russo persian war outcome confirmed treaty persia forced territories holding south russians finally dissolved office today time publication initial article journal revue des author unable trace survivors house note final albania dozen brothers altogether left numerous middle nineteenth century able identify woman named living artist turn 19th 20th century later years soviet sources listed biography armenian writer poet lawyer lived russian_empire artifacts survive today including personal dagger complete armenian inscription currently display museum saint_petersburg


march february daughter captain john early american kingdom hawaii early youth renown equestrian skills father land later royal mistress king formed contentious relationship queen emma hawaii rumored main obstacle possible marriage group members royal court accompanied king illness remained death tuberculosis return honolulu february little known later life financially death february early life born march captain john john new massachusetts arrived hawaii served years harbor master pilot honolulu hawaiian wife captain died grew siblings including youngest sister elizabeth married american gate children youth noted equestrian skills father lands island family raised thorough bred horses known islands according historian albert pierce taylor seen riding horse streets honolulu wonderful dozen followers riding wearing color considered great beauty youth possessed green color eyes indicative half european half hawaiian heritage relationship mistress king remained bachelor entire life developed contentious relationship queen emma hawaii widow close friend according emma letters elderly palace attendant older women given piece sic stalk pressed drink love produce intense affections group personal relatives including chamberlain brother law present king final months illness period hostile emma occasionally visited ailing king help nurse according king personal physician married emma interference refuse leave emma king command night fit rage threw chair head argument emma recounted instance letter cousin peter bit news yesterday morning king anger wednesday yesterday night threw chair head great cut head nearest doctor sent arrived king told come bed replied right dog bitch instantly gave vent ill temper brooding days word letters belonging suppose eat exist brought king rage instant climax threw articles head intended yesterday continues improve domestic royal household puts question till days king settled upset despite royal party accompanied sailed november following month hope dry weather improve tuberculosis trip lasting effect health returning honolulu succumbed disease died february later life little known life death died brother law sister residence february age later life financially owned half interest property king street near according daily bulletin newspaper ill month died death caused general breaking


east east known saint old english saint king east anglo saxon kingdom today includes english counties norfolk suffolk english king receive christian baptism education succession order enter monastic life principal source ecclesiastical history english people completed probably younger son east step son marriage pagan princess kingdom essex known life forced exile possibly order ensure descendants ruled kingdom step brother assassination returned east aftermath military campaign king ruling jointly son nephew reign cause christianity east advanced greatly ruler probably remained pagan alliances strengthened christian kingdoms kent east played important establishment christian faith kingdom saint arrived east assist establishing episcopal started school teaching latin granted irish monk saint monastery site possibly castle eventually power retired monastery unknown date east attacked army led king east appealed lead battle refused dragged monastery battlefield refused bear arms battle kings slain east army destroyed family background exile conversion education ruled kingdom east old english small independent anglo saxon kingdom comprised english counties norfolk suffolk eastern known born known life exiled east prior king records survived period english history reliable source background career ecclesiastical history english people produced stated brother son ruled kingdom east william described theory strengthened fact comparison east dynasty closely resembles naming east saxon royal house identification correct charles warns treated wife previously married east saxon prince ruler principal heir youth warrior age slain battle second heir slain ancient record son king personally converted baptised christian altar existed temple son convert succeeded known wife mother christian received limited encouragement convert christianity sent remaining exile years lifetime fleeing reports exile supports theory protecting succession possible claim son line whilst living exile converted baptized devout christian man learning strongly impressed religious institutions schools study reading writing found long exile king east angles accession prompted assassination returned ruler east angles likely gained kingdom military means prowess commander later remembered reign kingdom governed relationship described latin term mean son historian consider person named east tally collection son brother pagan equal senior power ruled influence religious patronage felt kingdom christian conversion decisive factor achieving royal power time senior english king ruled kent christian certainly contacts rulers succeeded emergence helped strengthen english conversion power rested likely encouraged conversion christian encouragement took shape marriage grand niece sister nephew protection baptised foundation east relates east saint came england missionary bishop sent saint archbishop_of_canterbury assist establishing christianity kingdom william later story accompanied east case dates accession bishop seventeen years successor thomas thomas successor seventeen died established bishop seat kingdom claimed variously coastal sites suffolk seat rochester claimed 13th century site roman fort stood foundation east school secured future church east established school kingdom boys taught reading writing latin model witnessed assisted obtaining teachers kind taught kent according life gregory great york bishop rochester northern kent connected court exile foundation allegiance canterbury determined roman basis east church influenced continental lines training coloured teaching irish missionary saint shortly saint sent irish royal missionary saint came east area priests granted monastery site old roman fort called usually identified castle near great effected large number conversions established churches kingdom records archbishop bishop admired work saint likely appreciated tasks accomplished saint community lived according principles irish christianity point reign power retired lead religious life monastery built use location monastery later sources called bury identification accepted likely site original abbey bury probably worth place originally named site occupied strong position upper reaches valley drains north west great important early settlements west line access foundation saint existed saint thought founded monastery unknown date early east attacked army obliged defend smaller force east angles appealed leave monastery lead battle hoping presence memory military exploits encourage army likely flee refused saying renounced kingdom lived heavenly kingdom dragged monastery battlefield unwilling bear arms went battle carrying staff victorious east angles slain army routed way christian martyr names kings according ancient saying church establish east survived centuries enduring evil times period kingdom attack armies lasted continuously succession bishops danish great army invaded east lives english saints written john henry newman texts gives feast day observed october


greek died april byzantine noble high ranking minister brother empress rose high office sidelined death engineered murder facto regent nephew michael iii rising rank effective ruler byzantine_empire years period saw military success renewed diplomatic missionary activity intellectual revival heralded renaissance assassinated michael iii new favourite year later throne install dynasty byzantine throne biography early life born elder brother empress wife emperor sisters maria recorded family armenian origin settled modern including nicholas suggested link family armenian noble clan according oxford dictionary byzantium thesis proven want sources raised rank sent general campaign byzantines defeated death young michael iii ascended throne years old regency council set headed brother relative members quickly established chief advisor played active role early days regency encouraging abandon good taking investigations led deposition pro patriarch john restoration icons blamed led byzantine defeat battle led byzantine army exiled constantinople following exile death ruled supreme alongside decade michael iii turned came nominally age mother arranged bride selected bride michael attachment mistress michael resentment high handed manner treated began turn regency michael backing allowed return capital november murdered possibly emperor behest said favoured elegant removal rival fall death regency end early michael proclaimed assumption imperial power forced retire monastery michael interested pleasures continuing affair facto regent empire promoted highest state offices followed promotion according happened failed assassination attempt finally april emerged obscurity time theme leading series successful raids arabs later sources critical character describing vain power hungry capabilities administrator widely acknowledged founded school seats philosophy grammar astronomy mathematics supported scholars like leo mathematician promoted missionary activities greater scored number successes arabs east culminating decisive battle enforced bulgaria byzantine missionaries constantinople praise building activity aside church dedicated saint outside city buildings attributed probably work deposed patriarch appointed educated later chronicles report excluded communion maintained relationship daughters law real reason deposition probably patriarch staunch refusal empress demanded irregular elevation pope nicholas refused recognize coupled competition rome constantinople missionary activities jurisdiction bulgaria relations remained tense despite great authority control nephew absolute managed persuade dismiss old chamberlain michael appointed post favourite companion ambitious position weakened early michael learned pregnant future leo hitherto stood succeed throne happen emperor michael direct heir instead wife marrying long time mistress michael married instead divorced wife spring year began assembling large scale expedition stronghold crete accompanied michael court army assembling april murdered ostensibly plotting emperor campaign abandoned michael returned constantinople michael adopted friend emperor september michael iii assassinated ending dynasty period byzantine history family married twice unknown wife died son named daughter named unnamed son daughter married identical time married second time divorced wife sons appointed domestic schools boy held post time father murder little known son given hand father mistress discarded order marry appointed single general empire european themes second daughter married participated plot assassinate hoping succeed rose revolt emperor defeated mutilated exiled


royal royal practice members ruling marrying reigning families commonly past strategic diplomacy national interest enforced legal requirement persons royal birth matter political policy tradition europe practice prevalent medieval era outbreak world war evidence royal parts world found far late bronze age monarchs pursuit national international behalf bonds tended promote aggression marriage serve initiate reinforce guarantee peace nations alternatively marriage secure alliance sought reduce sense threat initiate aggression realm dynasty enhance prospect territorial acquisition dynasty legal claim foreign throne portions realm colonies inheritance monarch failed leave undisputed male heir parts europe royalty continued regularly marry families greatest late 16th century tending marry internationally parts world royal prevalent number instances waned time depending culture foreign policy era royal marriage international policy contemporary western ideal sees marriage unique bond people love families central power inheritance royal families seen marriage different light political non romantic functions served relative wealth power potential considered marriage political economic diplomatic reasons marriage state pattern seen centuries european rulers africa times marriage members dynasty common central africa marriages royal houses southern africa common example daughter south african president royal nelson married prince brother iii king examples historical mythical contemporary royal africa include sister iii goodwill king great royal wife emperor tall daughter sultan asia thailand dynasty thailand included marriages royal relatives marriages foreigners including foreign rare section palace law succession members royal family line succession marry non thai national current king cousin removed wife respectively grandson great granddaughter married number half sisters including shared father vietnam dynasty ruled vietnam married regional rivals establish alliances marriages princess member chinese clan enabled established dynasty princess married family chinese origin later established dynasty took power having princess marry members king married vietnamese lord princess daughter lord return king granted vietnamese right establish settlements region prey colloquially referred later city china marriage policy imperial china differed dynasty dynasty practiced involved marrying royal families practiced marriage alliances han dynasty officers officials defected older sister ruler married general serving han dynasty daughter married han chinese general surrendered defected claimed descent han chinese general defected married daughter royal family northern started arrange han chinese marry daughters royal family han chinese exiled royalty fled southern china defected daughters emperor northern married han chinese han chinese song royal married princess northern princess descendant dynasty royalty princess princess member southern royalty emperor northern sister princess dynasty ruler emperor son eastern dynasty ended northern received prince refugee northern princess married giving birth northern king daughter married arranged daughter princess married han chinese ruler eastern kingdom han chinese colonists ruled han chinese family originated district home family linked marriage alliances turks grandmother king dynasty emperors gave marriage rulers consolidate special trade military relationship developed supported chinese rebellion imperial known married unions temporarily stopped believed stability chinese empire meant politically unnecessary threats west renewed need support precipitated marriage princess chinese family ruling circuit established marriage alliances kingdom rulers marrying marrying rulers daughter married chinese family ruling circuit established marriage alliances kingdom rulers marrying marrying rulers princess daughter king married dynasty arranged women royal consort clan marry members han chinese han clan originated abducted han chinese elite han chinese family han clan provided women wives second mother empress sister member clan mother han chinese general han father queen state wife general buried tomb wife known madame han tomb located emperors proceeding song dynasty tended marry borders emperors mainly took wives high ranking bureaucratic families song dynasty consider rank important came selecting estimated quarter song families rest lower status backgrounds example consort emperor street performer consort wife emperor daughter wet nurse dynasty emperors chose primarily banner families administrative divisions divide native families maintain ethnic purity ruling dynasty period emperors princes forbidden marry non wives imperial daughters covered ban preceding married princes gain political military support especially early years dynasty daughters emperor emperor daughters married princes imperial clan practiced marriage alliances han chinese generals princes women married han chinese generals defected conquest china leader married general surrendered mass marriage han chinese officers officials women numbering couples arranged prince prince promote harmony ethnic groups women married sons han chinese generals sun sun san son daughter married offspring received class title great great great grandfather rank given husbands han awarded title prince son managed sons court emperor married women prince granddaughter marrying son daughter marrying daughter prince prince son 4th daughter son han chinese sun sun japan korea kingdom practice limited succession throne members sacred bone rank maintain sacred bone rank members fashion european maintain pure royal pedigree second invasion korea korea forced royal regent prince married korean princess princess korean prince daughter married korean japanese seen royal korean empire damaging prestige according commissioned record japanese history completed emperor ruled son korean descended king kingdoms korea crown prince korea married princess grandson korea married cousin princess japanese saw marriages way secure colonial rule korea introduce japanese blood korean royal house europe medieval early modern europe careful selection important maintain royal status family depending law land question prince king marry royal blood born acknowledged son sovereign able claim royal status father traditionally factors important arranging royal marriages factor territory royal family governed controlled related factor stability control exerted territory territorial instability royal family royalty inclined marry family factor political alliance marriage important way royal families countries peace war justify important political decisions increase royal meant lands passed hands foreign houses nearest heir son native foreign royal example expanded influence arranged marriages gaining political privileges switzerland 13th century house aimed marriage policy families upper given success territorial acquisition inheritance policy motto came associated dynasty austria let wage war happy austria marry monarchs went great lengths prevent marriage louis france maria daughter philip spain forced renounce claim spanish throne monarchs heirs apparent monarchs heirs special agreements form treaties negotiated determine inheritance rights marriage contract philip spain mary england example stipulated maternal possessions low countries pass future children couple remaining paternal possessions including spain naples sicily milan philip son don previous marriage maria portugal die descendants pass children second marriage hand franco scottish treaty arranged marriage mary queen scots francis son heir henry_ii france queen died descendants scotland fall throne france religion closely tied european political affairs played important role marriage negotiations wedding paris french princess margaret leader france henry iii ostensibly arranged effect nation catholics proved ruse day massacre english reformation matches english monarchs roman catholic unpopular especially prospective queen consort unwilling convert practice faith passage act settlement heir throne married catholic ruling houses times insisted marriages contracted people certain faith willing convert sweden married iii belgium agreed children raised catholics required chose convert potential matches abandoned religious differences example plans marriage catholic lutheran princess proved unpopular poland largely catholic nobility quietly dropped marriages ruling subjects times common marriages edward king england king poland elizabeth far medieval europe approached sought preserve loyalty competing members nobility eventually distanced ties local nobles marrying abroad marriages subjects brought king level ruled ambition consort family jealousy disdain nobility notion monarchs marry monarchs end prevent war policy driven era practice contributed notion socially politically members ruling families subjects pass opportunity marriage foreign dynasty ancient rome roman emperors married wives roman citizens ruling families empire client kingdoms near east north_africa contracted marriages royal houses consolidate position marriages contracted approval behest roman emperors rome thought marriages promoted stability client states prevented petty local wars known contracted royal king alexander examples ancient roman era include king minor byzantine_empire emperors took low born wives imperial families unusual byzantine_empire following fall constantinople ruling families thought marry foreign early example marriage john daughter emperor frederick holy roman empire seal alliance establishing alliance michael viii married daughters cement agreement daughter married khan golden daughter maria married khan later century agreed martial alliances golden quickly followed weddings daughters grand empire famed marrying daughters neighbours acts diplomacy daughter john married lord seal alliance empire called white sheep alliance failed save eventual defeat despite devout christian muslim state manage exercise influence domestic foreign actions husband usually strengthen position empire examples marriages emperor authority emperor married second wife caused division empire demand sons share imperial territory michael son marriage resorted leaving constantinople capital byzantine_empire setting court second city empire post world war era modern times european royalty marriages royal members europe increasingly married members titled nobility including george united_kingdom charles prince wales albert belgium adam untitled nobility belgium netherlands sweden norway spain alexander netherlands prince william duke cambridge albert europe juan spain elizabeth_ii united_kingdom hereditary prince married members foreign dynasty said royal occurs example members reigning houses prince princess recent example european reigning time wedding constantine greece princess anne marie denmark jean grand duke princess charlotte belgium elizabeth_ii united_kingdom philip born prince greece denmark peter yugoslavia princess greece denmark frederick denmark princess sweden prince george duke kent princess marina greece denmark italy princess marie belgium iii bulgaria princess italy norway princess sweden iii belgium princess sweden adolf sweden lady born princess alexander yugoslavia princess maria romania members reigning house non reigning house princess caroline august prince princess austria hereditary prince bavaria princess belgium austria princess marie christian austria princess barbara prince alexander yugoslavia princess denmark richard 6th prince princess netherlands hugo duke princess greece denmark juan spain princess sweden prince princess 13th prince modern examples marriage hereditary prince denmark princess caroline denmark muslim world time conquest marriage spanish uncommon early marriages ibn turn 8th century thought help establish legitimacy muslim rule peninsula later instances seal trade treaties christian kings muslim ottoman_empire marriages ottoman sons fourteenth fifteenth centuries tended members ruling neighbouring powers little regard religion contracted marriages christians muslims purpose royal purely tactical christian byzantines muslim potential enemies marriage seen way securing alliances marriage foreign ceased marriage sultan foreign princess daughter serbian ruler time ottomans consolidated power area absorbed rivals marriage alliances longer seen important foreign policy islamic principle marriages women men differing religion inferior status neighbouring muslim powers start daughters marriage ottoman princes fifteenth century seen grown importance principle meant ottoman men free marry christian women muslim prevented marrying christian princes post world war era modern instances members royal families royal families islamic states jordan morocco saudi_arabia constituent states united arab etc examples include muhammad ali prince son egypt princess granddaughter afghanistan son king princess daughter king saudi_arabia half brother president united arab daughter prime minister princess jordan sultan iran princess egypt sister albania son princess daughter ottoman emperor son vii marriage time adhered strictly concept royal spanish introduced house laws governed marriages considered important marry social equals royalty ruling highest born non royal nobles contracted undesirable marriages generally marriage man high birth woman lesser status daughter low ranked noble family usually bride children marriage claim succession rights titles precedence entailed property children considered legitimate purposes prohibition applies examples marriages include prince alexander rhine julia duke alexander von grand duke constantine ferdinand austria von und time relatively limited number potential gene pool ruling families grew progressively smaller european royalty related resulted descended certain person lines descent numerous european royalty nobility descended queen_victoria united_kingdom king christian denmark house infamous lip cited ill effect genetic evidence proved allegation closely related houses engaged cousin unions frequently double cousin uncle niece marriages occasionally examples marriages impact royal families include rulers dynasty married brothers sisters blood pure strengthen line succession vii called married rulers ancient egypt following father death widely known example jean said formed rare brother sister liaison left descendants claimed married evidence marriage contracted personal reasons famous examples genetic trait aggravated royal family house particularly known known jaw lip austrian lip typical relatives period centuries