washington metropolitan area transit authority washington metropolitan area transit authority commonly referred metro tri government agency operates transit service washington metropolitan area created united_states congress interstate compact district_of_columbia state maryland commonwealth virginia provides rapid transit service fixed route bus service brand service brand authority public private partnership operates bus system police force metro transit police department authority board directors consists voting representatives district_of_columbia maryland virginia federal government jurisdiction alternate representatives independent taxation authority depends member jurisdictions capital investments operating subsidies addition ongoing operations regional transportation planning developing future expansions system projects include extension airport street car lines district northern virginia light rail suburban maryland history starting mid-19th century washington area served variety private bus lines services including extensions northern virginia time absorbed capital transit company formed december amalgamation washington railway capital traction washington rapid transit louis acquired company franchise revoked amidst strike congress awarded year concession roy chalk condition replace city remaining buses company known transit year mass transportation survey attempted forecast freeway mass transit systems sufficient meet needs washington area year study final report called construction rapid transit subway lines downtown washington congress responded report national capital transportation act coordinate future transportation planning area act created new federal agency called national capital transportation agency report called extensive freeway construction district_of_columbia residents successfully lobbied freeway construction movement called freeway revolts november transportation national capital region report included proposal mile million rail system total cost proposed highway rail system plan elimination controversial freeways plan supported president kennedy opposed highway advocates congress reduced rail system miles district_of_columbia proposal defeated congress shortly president kennedy death urban mass transportation act passed congress promised federal funding urban mass transportation projects encouraged new act recommended formation private entity multi state authority operate system non federal funds september president johnson signed national capital transportation act approving construction mile rapid transit system negotiated virginia maryland district_of_columbia formation new regional entity authority created interstate compact special type contract agreement states compact clause constitution compact approved congress washington metropolitan area transit authority compact approved maryland general_assembly passed virginia general_assembly congress founded february government agency compact grants sovereign immunity jurisdictions operates certain limited exceptions authority successfully sued immunity provisions compact authority legally incorporated district_of_columbia maintains headquarters broke ground train system portion system opened march connecting circle rhode_island avenue red line miles original station system completed january opening green line segment branch avenue bus system successor privately owned bus companies original compact provided rail service need reliable bus services connect passengers rail stations led calls authority overhaul entire bus system compact amended allowing authority operate buses bus companies months negotiation chalk failed produce agreed price january condemned transit sister company washington virginia maryland coach company acquired assets million february acquired alexandria washington transit company operated northern virginia transit company prince george county million transit better financial condition transit owners wish compete publicly owned bus system requested takeover organization known metro inc planned write history development metro system documents congressional hearing correspondence maps plan known metro history project abandoned materials collected point donated george_washington university collection materials currently care special collections research center located library congress changed washington national airport ronald_reagan washington national airport law money spent implement change result change national airport station included airport response repeated inquiries republican station renamed stated stations renamed request local jurisdiction arlington county district_of_columbia controlled democrats change blocked finally congress changing station condition federal funding impacts great recession response demand immediate million debt sought temporary order bank group claimed technical default contract following collapse guaranteed loan contract involved sale rail cars leased asked injunction district court district_of_columbia october days negotiations federal court judge announced settlement november similar lease agreements financial institutions case went trial requested banks allow time replace guarantees federal government issued new series municipal bonds bringing total outstanding bonds million june includes million build america bonds issued american recovery act partially federal government system debt financed directly local jurisdiction addition authorized receive million grants federal government american recovery act projects funds spent projects include information technology facilities maintenance vehicles vehicle parts january general manager john announced resignation metro effective april replaced april interim general manager richard finalists interviewing permanent position later permanent general manager january jack interim general manager retirement january organization board directors originally set board directors members voting members response passenger rail investment improvement act compact amended august allow appointment additional board members federal government bringing total sixteen january total board members seven voting members virginia maryland district appointed voting members alternate members federal government general services administration authorized appoint voting alternate members appointed voting alternate members board members serve pay actual expenses board general manager ceo supervise day day operation authority terms procedures board directors individual board members including chairman power act operations authority issue instructions general manager employees entire board body power general manager board annual budget budget billion fiscal year fiscal year revenues came capital contributions passenger revenues local jurisdiction operating subsidies interest income advertising revenue rental revenue sources board following standing committees safety security committee finance administration committee investigations customer service operations committee technology review policy program development relations committee joint development real estate committee position board chairman jurisdictions article iii section compact method appointment compact prohibits paying board members maryland pays voting board members year virginia pays meeting district_of_columbia compensate board members february outgoing board chairman peter benjamin announced leaving board replaced congressman michael barnes date new governance committee board chaired mary held meeting established work plan develop new relationship board management committee draft new better define role term board chairman governance committee draft code conduct board members management general manager chief executive officer leads staff general counsel inspector general board secretary report directly board chief safety officer reports general manager safety system independently reviewed tri state oversight committee national transportation safety board march federal transit administration issue state safety oversight program overseeing metro criticised poorly trained response virginia maryland district_of_columbia increased funding training employees responsible safety oversight metro jackson graham retired general army corps engineers supervised planning initial construction system general manager graham retired replaced richard page head urban mass transportation administration took general manager page resigned amid increasing financial difficulties replaced turner served seven years new_york_city transit authority chief david took head followed lawrence richard white white led efforts improve dialogue passengers included independent town hall meetings online white management officials improved signage stations white years contract work metro come fire widely credited saving system collapse keeping metro running terrorist attacks despite efforts board directors dismissed white january dan replaced white interim general manager effective february considered leading candidate metro job permanent basis resigned work city administrator mayor adrian november replaced interim general manager jack metro chief bus manager john previously deputy chief executive officer los_angeles county metropolitan transportation authority agency eighth permanent general manager january resigned years later following deadliest crash system history april board directors appointed richard executive director new_jersey transit interim general manager offered position permanent general manager declined appointment time january board announced accepted position permanent general manager retirement post general manager filled paul november regional coordination agency charter directs create unified regional transit system coordinating public private agencies jurisdiction examples coordination efforts include reducing unnecessary duplicate services local transit systems providing buses operated local transit agencies adding local bus schedules commuter rail routes maryland virginia online trip guide transit police congress established metro transit police department june police officers jurisdiction arrest powers crimes occur square mile km2 transit zone includes maryland virginia district_of_columbia december began conducting random searches carry bags explosive weapons located randomly designated stations inspector general office inspector general originally authorized board resolution approved board april amendments enacted august office inspector general compact change requirements billion federal grant offered passenger rail investment improvement act helen metro inspector general establishing office inspector general appointment board directors replaced general office unlike general inspector general office report directly board independent management services opening network grown include lines stations miles track second busiest rapid transit system united_states number passenger trips new_york_city subway million trips trips weekday fiscal year june metro set new monthly record trips weekday april set new record trips million trips vary based distance traveled time day riders enter exit system proximity card known magnetic stripe tickets stopped accepted march frequency service vary depending available particular transit line distance traveled stations metro offers parking lots come served basis fill quickly day thirty stations offer reserved parking customers purchasing permits park specified spaces stations springfield spaces reserved multi day parking days parking fees paid card stations accept credit cards cash payments accepted parking fees fleet consists buses covering area square miles washington maryland virginia bus routes serving stops including bus shelters fiscal year provided million trips million trips typical weekday provides trips metro currently awarded year contract new new buses batch diesel electric hybrid foot buses order delivery expected year new buses replace metro older new buses delivered going forward contract gives metro option order additional foot buses foot buses year period red silver painted buses local routes blue silver buses routes buses red stripe bus local routes blue stripe bus routes easy identification numbering represents region operation differ regions numbering system maryland letter prefix route number virginia letter route number example maryland virginia service provides private contractors began operation time annual grown million passengers operates days year providing door door shared rides reserved seven days advance sixth largest service united_states fleet vehicles employees staff determines eligibility use service response written applications cost passenger significantly higher fixed route counterparts metro worked provide opportunities encourage facilitate use fixed route transit customers disabilities funding revenue fund metro daily operations state local governments fund remaining metro inception federal government provided grants system capital costs unusual major public transportation systems having dedicated source funding instead year ask local jurisdiction contribute funding determined formula equally considers factors population density census average weekday number stations jurisdiction formula district_of_columbia contributes greatest followed montgomery county prince george county county arlington county city alexandria city falls church city time time local jurisdiction agree specific fare jurisdiction funding cost addition contribution formula example district_of_columbia charged stations located economically challenged neighborhoods cost allocated formula considers excess expenses revenues specific bus routes cost allocated different formula divides costs number trips requested riders reside jurisdiction institution released report entitled design found agency budgetary challenges owe large problematic revenue base notably found extraordinary lack dedicated funding sources necessitated reliance annually appropriated support makes agency vulnerable perennial financial crises result region political business leaders created committee look new ways fund system including type dedicated tax title passenger rail investment improvement act signed law president george bush october authorized grant billion year period capital maintenance projects grant contingent establishment dedicated revenue sources metro compact jurisdictions amendment metro compact august added requirement payments dedicated funding sources compact participating jurisdictions june virginia governor bob threatened virginia funding composition board modified allow virginia governor appoint virginia seats instead june federal transit administrator peter required formal commitment virginia match share federal funds federal funding continue july board directors agreed provide matching funds regard request board seats based agreement federal funds able proceed contract purchase new cars pressed board seat veto authority amend budget require appoint governor choosing fill seats board course considering continuing resolution federal fiscal year house_of_representatives sought including million annual installment billion federal matching funds february offered amendment million farm payments meet obligation amendment ruled order suspension federal appropriation calls question matching funds individual jurisdictions capital projects march republican virginia governor bob wrote congress urging continuation federal funds continuing resolution remainder ultimately included federal matching funds june adopted year capital spending plan totalling billion plan funded billion act american recovery act increased funding participating jurisdictions plan includes rebuilding infrastructure improved safety recommended replacing oldest series spending plan replace cars funding revenue compares new_york_city metropolitan transportation authority receives funding car tolls metropolitan atlanta rapid transit authority receives funding effort gain revenues started allow retail ventures stations authorized dvd rental machines ticket old town tours seeking additional retail tenants staff preliminary budget shows million operating deficit deficit addressed fare increases service reductions increased subsidies participating local jurisdictions controversy safety recent years drawn criticism neglect safety rail bus systems problems include failures system designed prevent train collisions failing breaking apart service national transportation safety board recommended invest billion needed safety improvements december report inspector general documented metro system safety risk management office bypassed changes operating procedures office review approval required matter policy june trains collided fort metro stations killing february national transportation safety board conducted public hearing witnesses testified problems safety culture final report accident commented failure engineers technicians managers properly address track circuit larger safety culture issues organization safety concerns grown point region congressional delegation introduced national metro safety act establish federal safety standards heavy rail mass transit systems response replacing track control system ordered immediate inspection inspection showed percent faulty brakes elevator service public concern prompting post updated daily users elevator outages criticised ability series cars withstand collisions low speeds ordered new cars replace series fleet closed circuit television cameras monitor station discrimination claims discrimination years workforce composed people following demographic groups sued washington federal district court basis sexual discrimination won court noting outcome washington metro area transit explanation unexplained inconsistencies irregularities holes metro workers claim consistently passes non black applicants workers employment promotion board voted ban advocacy advertising american freedom defense initiative sought purchase advertisements subway stations buses depicting muhammad metropolitan transportation authority previously attempted deny similar anti islam ads decision successfully challenged court subsequently voted ban non commercial advertising future expansion local jurisdictions developed year billion capital improvement program cap took effect july june cap local jurisdictions fund capital projects sale municipal bonds matching funds provided federal government cap projects include purchasing new rail cars rail lines replacing bus implementation safety recommendations purchasing new track maintenance equipment station elevators added color system silver silver line phase extended service corner area virginia extension planned airport county utility relocation phase began phase corner east station opened july phase expected completed stations opened completion phase silver line financed toll increases toll road million federal grant special district adjacent commercial properties contrast proposed new million yards stop blue yellow lines north road funded special district cover commercial properties residential properties speculation extension green line northward baltimore airport talk extending green national harbor white plains extension springfield fort possibility base realignment closure process relocated thousands area defense jobs fort discussion extensions official planning stage plans extend orange line improvements general manager reported bus service benefit new technology fare box destination signage bus systems improve reliability customer information delivery begin work certain priority bus corridors deliver faster travel times bus customers additionally look forward working district_of_columbia potential bus rapid transit service improvements curb running signal preference bus service attractive efficient powerful traffic congestion energy efficiency initiatives reached agreement sustainable lighting division electronics north_america switch cost agreed year maintenance contract million savings provide year

Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority


parliamentary monitoring services parliamentary monitoring services united_kingdom based political research publishing company company activities united_states congress european parliament parliament united_kingdom company included british politicians sir peter william baron company published guide pressure groups guide general election company hired undertake political research work sunday_times royal british legion company sister company political wizard sold parliamentary communications subsidiary group author crisis management food drinks industry characterized company comprehensive service independent described known political lobbying firm political research parliamentary monitoring services founded london company activities united_states congress european parliament parliament united_kingdom managing director company company conducted study commissioned sunday_times revealed time conservatives educated state schools private schools sir peter paid consultant parliamentary monitoring services company published second edition guide pressure groups edition flower david author history british political parties researcher company principal second edition guide pressure groups guide general election company hired royal british legion develop internet based tool help organization case majesty government recognize gulf war syndrome present william baron served publishing consultant parliamentary monitoring services times reported lord received regular employment company managing director company sister firm political wizard public affairs practice wrote parliamentary monitoring political news political intelligence public affairs campaign hope succeed westminster smith served chairman company smith left role position company board directors parliamentary monitoring services owned half political wizard received million share political wizard bought subsidiary parliamentary communications decided sell parliamentary monitoring services parliamentary communications parent purchased company million owned parliamentary monitoring services brand parent company political division commentary asked department work maintained profiles members parliament mps secretary state work andrew smith said department personal profiles mps access parliamentary reference works order provide cost effective way reference information large number officials drafting parliamentary answers parliamentary monitoring services ltd writing book crisis management food drinks industry characterized parliamentary monitoring services comprehensive service covering proceedings westminster european congress organization described public relations practice political research publishing polling campaigning company james morris independent called parliamentary monitoring services known political lobbying firm


grand grand german des polish parliament 19th century grand province seated existed history polish parliament succeeded general local territories prussian partition originally retaining polish character acquired german character second half 19th century history province greater poland acquired kingdom prussia following congress vienna detached warsaw given prussia reorganized grand king prussia gave grand right parliament specific defining parliament carried traditions general greater poland insisted polish word met time december second session begun january following suppression congress poland aftermath november uprising grand polish parliamentary tradition polish soil christian men owning landed property years vote jews generally remained excluded unlike prussia proper immigrants newly acquired land rural polish farmers held land way lease feudal like unlike prussia proper abolished immigrant farmers holy roman empire later member states german confederation usually remained free peasants causing stronger representation members elected peasants total regard ethnicity nobility representatives polish representatives balanced representatives german included poles germans subsequent elections produced split poles germans major issue abolition number polish speaking landowners years allow participation elections grand population polish exclusion rural electoral law designed favor german inhabitants proportion polish representatives diminished events notes growing discrimination polish representatives date marks end period legislative body seen continuing polish parliamentary tradition proceedings published polish published german political factions divided liberals supporting german constitutional movement conservatives like edward predicted movement abolish grand autonomy decades existence major issues concern abolition relations inhabitants polish german ethnicity particularly discrimination poles prussian government increasingly excluded polish majority administration judiciary petition issued demanded equal rights poles stopping campaign petitions simply ignored king prussia contributed dissent province eventually resulted uprising midst revolutions german states met total seven times revolutions following revolutions grand like provincial prussian assemblies gained right elect deputies prussian parliament continued sessions till total held aftermath world war popular protests electoral law poles led new elections deputies elected grand support integration grand territories newly formed second polish republic composition christian men subject monarch king personal union grand duke years age vote nobility deputies initially later deputies held seats privileges tied aristocratic status heads grand magnate families rest elected deputies representatives grouped benches men represent landed nobility nobles holding feudal manor excluded owned private land urban real estate qualify election benches elected cities owned real estate landed free peasants similarly certain levels wealth required election representatives deputies term office set years elections half deputies held years renewal election replaced reelected members chosen lot meet years reality gatherings happened years sessions lasted months noble representatives held position marshal speaker grand included speaker von marshall notable members notable politicians grand included louis von julian von von und der von von edward marshall von von marshall advisory powers strictly local matters communal self government spending local taxes legal acts relevant grand deputies right file petitions complaints king prussia consent reject case proposals proposals king required thirds majority proposals required simple majority


president office president russian head state office created passing constitution supreme soviet replaced office chairman supreme soviet head state tasks president including executing foreign domestic policy defend rights general welfare citizens residents uphold constitution president mandated constitution serve leader social affairs country act main representative abroad duties responsibilities transitional clauses dealing presidency listed chapter articles constitution term president years referendum election supposed occur pushed constitution president serve terms president change constitution term limits eliminated course office elections held election held october alexander person served president elections presidential office located republic palace presidential residence located district historical background republic formed shortly declaring independent soviet_union government facto leader soviet republic communist_party legal party soviet independence passage constitution chairman supreme soviet head state prime minister head government office presidency created role prime minister reduced assisting president resulted dissolution supreme soviet chairman set elections office president prime minister defeated runoff vote alexander resulting president elections contested international observers western powers internal opposition parties failing meet democratic fair standards incumbent defeated candidates ballot person served president constitutional status article constitution gives status head state president republic considered guardian constitution rights freedoms claim citizenship residency president unification state conducting foreign internal affairs shall main representative dealing nations international organizations president entrusted safety prosperity stability country acts bodies national government selection process eligibility order able run office candidate citizen birth thirty years old candidate reside republic years able cast ballot legally provisions set article constitution election elections president occur years national vote candidates soon deemed eligible article constitution tasked collecting signatures eligible voters signatures collected certified candidate declared official central elections committee voting secret ballots collected directly eligible voters round voting candidate earns percent plus votes declared president elect achieved number round run election occur candidates won votes person wins votes run declared president elect event office vacant election replace president occur thirty seventy days vacancy occurred normal election cycles elections occur months current president situation government body calls elections house_of_representatives set presidential elections occur president addressing press february stated health determine run step time powers duties articles states official political social national defense duties rested president powers number allows president use powers granted national law sections constitution president right national regular extraordinary elections house_of_representatives council republic local representative bodies dissolve chambers parliament constitution permits duty appoint prime minister republic consent house_of_representatives decide structure government republic president signs bills right return fully parts objections house_of_representatives dismiss deputy prime ministers ministers members government decides cases resignation government members consent council republic president supreme_court dismiss judges president supposed deliver annual messages parliament right participate sessions parliament bodies instances strike president right instances specified law suspend strike period exceeding months international affairs president duty conduct negotiations sign international treaties appoint recall diplomatic representatives republic president head government social leader president delivers messages citizens times year issue establish red letter days national holidays president main authority granting citizen present state decorations honored individuals president ability determine status asylum grant convicted citizens supreme commander chief armed forces president duty protect territory internal external forces president state emergency following cases natural disasters unrest involving violence threat violence regardless declaration affects entire country sections council republic notified president seek approval days rules applies president issues state martial law event possible military action president form head security council republic appoint dismiss state secretary security council supreme command armed forces oath office person assume office officially oath sworn months election results finalized text oath follows inauguration ceremony members houses national assembly government ministers officials judges constitutional supreme economic court present reading oath powers held previous president transferred president elect text oath found article constitution removal articles constitution deal presidency change hands election cycles president ability resign office time article letter resignation sent house_of_representatives accepted president ability removed office physical mental health impaired article order happen thirds majority reached house_of_representatives council republic resolution remove president hoc committee formed determination state health motion begin president committed grave crime treason house bring charges president formally investigation charges conducted council republic order president office thirds majority needed vote favor conviction criminal case sent supreme_court review actions option occur month resolution passed action considered void constitution privileges article constitution president immune arrest exception treason grave crimes clauses listed article document article honor dignity president protected national law information printed news reported television considered president illegal article law press president official residence surrounded streets like american white_house streets close residence closed traffic patrolled police forces symbols officially symbol denoting presence president standard office standard use march adopted decree called concerning standard president republic signed law president standard design exact copy national flag addition national emblem gold standard ratio differs national flag making standard square standard bordered golden fringe copies standard original kept office president copies buildings residences vehicles denote presence list presidents present leaders independence list national leaders latest election


national action plan combat human trafficking national action plan combat human trafficking year action plan established government canada june oppose human trafficking canada government working group trafficking persons mandated create national anti human trafficking plan mandate went despite politicians non governmental organizations member parliament joy smith forward motion february plan place house_of_commons passed unanimously smith began developing proposal released september title connecting dots university british_columbia law professor benjamin helped guide smith writing proposal establishment variety people organizations including trafficking persons tip reports united_states department state criticized canada failing plan canadian federal election stephen harper prime minister canada promised establish invest million plan established government canada schedule june budget million supporting victims recommendations divided categories called partnership prevention prosecution protection smith recommended government investigate ways prostitution law canada altered emulate sweden sex purchase act purchase sexual acts perform plan legislative recommendations replaced tip human trafficking chaired public safety canada mandated coordinating plan implementation generation annual progress reports publicly available national action plan received positively canadian law enforcement officials founder director sex trade said organization sex trafficking victims extremely pleased establishment canadian government announced country sex industry longer allowed employ foreign workers risks exploitation abuse trafficking environment tim leader adult entertainment association canada said challenge policy believed government destroying industry creating labour shortage university free act alberta criticized plan focusing law enforcement victim services proposals background working group trafficking persons tip working group responsible coordinating government canada efforts human trafficking mandated create national anti human trafficking plan march year tip website updated state meeting academics non governmental organizations discuss elements potential federal anti trafficking strategy updates forthcoming website years politicians proceeded remind tip mandate years following tip continued promise establish plan joy smith member parliament paul conservative party forward motion february place canada wide action plan combat human trafficking house_of_commons passed motion unanimously thomas toronto star said decision demonstrated harper government dedicated opposing human trafficking barack_obama president united_states early promoters canadian anti trafficking action plan hoped million funding argued turn canada world leader fight human trafficking world vision canada began lobbying national human trafficking action plan connecting dots development september smith bill successfully passed law act amend criminal code minimum sentence offences involving trafficking persons age eighteen years following september released connecting dots national action plan proposal working years connecting dots sought rescue restore victims prosecute offenders human trafficking smith intended address trafficking canada international trafficking country smith announced dozen specific recommendations proposed plan create office regularly evaluate national human trafficking opposition efforts generate annual reports findings recommendations increase funding organizations support human trafficking victims establish safe houses victims canadian province increase use canada human trafficking laws police judges lawyers relatively new laws initiate extensive public relations campaign subject federal government coordinate activities provincial governments leaders law enforcement agencies human trafficking survivors smith recommended canadian government investigate ways prostitution law canada altered emulate sweden sex purchase act purchasing attempting purchase sex sweden context street prostitution human trafficking sweden significantly decreased institution sex purchase act smith said canada adapt concepts swedish model concerning demand sex trade smith proposal recommended canada like sweden prosecute purchase sexual acts perform smith recommendations keeping report released standing committee status women stated prostitutes considered exploitation victims prostitution demonstrated human trafficking smith argued canadians convicted child sexual abuse permitted travel outside canada canada help combat trafficking children countries connecting dots document called institution connecting dots day elementary schools students grade smith suggested best grade introduce concept human trafficking students younger children increasingly risk recommended canada border services agency track foreign women arrive canada months ensure safety smith said convinced federally led national action plan address challenges human trafficking implementing integrated response target provide relief protection victims said plan needed integrated national level human trafficking clandestine activity smith advocated making protection victims central plan recommended consulting nations communities anti human trafficking efforts university british_columbia law professor benjamin helped guide smith writing connecting dots responses smith proposal received strong endorsement organizations support human trafficking victims law enforcement agencies liberal praised smith proposal overall argued sufficiently distinguish human trafficking prostitution smith responded clear issues citizens public justice said plan order ensure protection victims effectively combat human trafficking smith proposal definite weaknesses need strengthened praised document suggestions granted funding efforts coordinated nations communities awareness raising campaigns initiated immigration regulated argued connecting dots focused create demand sex trafficking sufficiently address victim rehabilitation canadian council refugees complaint recommended proposal amended allow human trafficking victims permanent residents canada effectively protected october position miss world meet stephen harper prime minister canada discuss possibility implementing day meeting received letter harper stating human trafficking disappointed substantial response meeting said like honest person entrusted protect canadian people miss canada time helped smith promote proposal smith trinity western university leadership centre smith quoted william 18th century british abolitionist saying having heard choose look way know assembly chiefs voiced support smith proposal ron evans assembly grand chief said smith recommendations bring attention fact vulnerable victims domestic human trafficking sexual exploitation nations youth ottawa victim services executive director steve sullivan commended smith development proposal human trafficking victim founder walk organization supports human trafficking victims toronto said felt huge relief heard proposed said time canada national action plan combat human trafficking eventually smith submitted connecting dots harper march spoke proposal human trafficking themed conference hosted sisters michael college smith circulated petition requesting house_of_commons establish anti human trafficking national action plan office justice canadian federation sisters joseph released report responding connecting dots commending smith work recommending proposal incorporate human trafficking based method additional recommendations plan submitted international justice mission canada world vision alliance modern slavery borders salvation army sale canada evangelical fellowship canada act alberta criticism canada lacking plan establishment national action plan variety people organizations including nations human trafficking victims law enforcement victim service providers criticized canada failing plan charles president canadian police association said despite existing efforts local law enforcement agencies canada lacked required coordinated response ensure offenders prosecuted stop modern day form slavery october john toronto support services expressed frustration national action plan subject despite passing corresponding motion previous year said thing started let started project desert roses toronto based organization voiced complaint united_states department state annual trafficking persons tip report released news conference american vancouver criticized government canada failing national action plan address human trafficking conference named report world anti human trafficking heroes called harper announce enact national action plan combat human trafficking follow measures government taken said canada lack plan country look bad internationally prevents issue adequately addressed said establishment national action plan issue priority federal government end crime canada wrote book invisible chains canada underground world human trafficking said national anti human trafficking plan necessary country free said book published weeks release connecting dots shows plan canada doesn tip report condemned canada lack national action plan said canada destination source transit country forced prostitution labour prostitution children forms human trafficking report said federal provincial governments canada sufficiently respect crimes strategy cooperation formulated national action plan york regional police vice unit detective thai agreed report assessment said unified understanding approach human trafficking exist municipal level canada retired toronto police service officer dave perry said canada lack national action plan resulted country failing adequately deal north preston finest gang engages sex trafficking nova_scotia toronto perry led police gang late 1980s early 1990s said national action plan politicians lost interest funding ran perry stated plan need funded canada making big big money way combat pretty healthy budget york university professor research studies human trafficking canada said united_states human trafficking effectively canada said canada responses human trafficking sporadic national action plan implemented canada needed begin engaging countries issue february free canadian organization raises awareness human trafficking said mind blowing currently national action plan combat human trafficking canada preparations federal government canadian federal election harper promised establish invest million annual budget british_columbia office combat trafficking persons reduced months later canada provincial government agency responsible coordinating efforts address human trafficking federal government held round table determine contents child protection specialist christian world vision canada said discussion focus needs children plan emphasize child sexual abuse exclusion addressing child labour smith said confident harper review plan established government consulted act alberta salvation army development plan establishment announcement plan established government canada june year budget million supporting victims establishment announced simultaneously canadian cities smith announcement vancouver ottawa announcement minister responsible status women minister public works government services minister public safety minister veterans affairs announcer montreal called plan important step ensure safety security women girls canada targeted sexual exploitation violent said need establish demonstrated ongoing legal proceedings criminal organization canada largest human trafficking case date smith said plan important step process increasing number human trafficking related cases court smith said independently sufficient end human trafficking country crime effectively country citizens united recommended establishment national human trafficking awareness day february help raise awareness contents plan states human trafficking described modern form slavery knows prevalent canada says women girls common victims human trafficking prince albert said goals action plan included enhancing response law enforcement justice system cases missing murdered women girls supporting culturally appropriate victim services document states human trafficking specific convictions canada prior april people victims crimes plan recommendations divided categories called partnership prevention prosecution protection included plan action items goals plan encompasses support victims increase law enforcement country consolidation existing anti human trafficking efforts plan outlines novel initiatives effectively prosecute perpetrators identify protect victims prevent crimes engage international partnership specific commitment participate international child protection instituted human trafficking chaired public safety canada mandated coordinating plan implementation generation annual progress reports publicly available replaced tip tasked solely information sharing new involves federal government departments public safety canada called comprehensive blueprint guide government canada fight crime human trafficking introduced training police officers anti human trafficking service providers communities particularly susceptible human trafficking plan includes increase training prosecutors border guards judges plan launched nationally integrated law enforcement team tasked specifically human trafficking kind canada team combines forces royal canadian mounted police local police difficulties encountered canadian law enforcement investigating human trafficking establishment model law enforcement integration successful teams human trafficking united_states included law enforcement integration model intended information sharing facilitate investigation substantial funds human trafficking national coordination centre based ottawa included plan outline raising awareness human trafficking canada plan specifically mentions campaign persons crime trafficking humans ottawa integral plan according plan responsible informing foreigners human trafficking increased vulnerability plan includes provision government partner oppose human trafficking smith said human trafficking effectively canada prostitution laws reformed align sweden purchasing selling sex legislative recommendations plan enables immigration officers issue temporary residence permits foreigners human trafficking canada providing victims opportunities receive aid implementation plan came force june establishment national action plan british_columbia established provincial action plan informed national coordinate anti human trafficking efforts federal government involved implementing national provincial action plans provincial action plan published march states contributing development consultation information sharing immediate priority month plan took effect canadian government announced country sex industry longer allowed employ foreign workers risks exploitation abuse trafficking environment policy department citizenship immigration canada stopped issuing new temporary work permits foreigners seeking work escort agencies strip clubs jason minister citizenship immigration said hoped strengthened new policy said purpose protect foreigners know happen canada november status women canada sought support public proposals best support community organizations serve female victims sex trafficking common victims form trafficking late smith launched joy smith foundation follow foundation dedicated raising awareness human trafficking providing support human trafficking victims housing clothing canadian government spent million actions related september year minister responsible status women minister labour announced government women support network york region initiate project aimed human trafficking regional municipality york appealed making announcement february toronto city_council decided coordinate anti human trafficking efforts meeting seventh session united_nations general_assembly united_nations headquarters new_york_city convened discuss global plan action combat trafficking persons canadian delegation spoke reactions plan establishment establishment plan received positively canadian law enforcement officials day establishment plan received support parents human trafficking victims grant mother missing human trafficking victim foster said heart like thank government canada development launch canadian national action plan combat crime human trafficking making country leaders fight crime time voiced support plan specifically praising commitments create national human trafficking law enforcement raise awareness invest prevention care victims consult ongoing basis policy analyst julia said organization particularly pleased proposals aimed sexual exploitation focus given communities particularly vulnerable trafficking united_states ambassador large monitor combat trafficking persons said announcement new national action plan canada showing international community effective anti trafficking strategy looks like said absolutely thrilled establishment plan said stand proud canadian announcement important measures protect women children canada founder director sex trade said organization sex trafficking victims extremely pleased establishment said members sex trade collectively afraid raped beaten sold discarded forever grateful joy smith voice allowed speak brian divisional secretary public relations development british_columbia division salvation army said welcome plan support victims horrible crimes pleased plan development praised plan outline educate public subject human trafficking police judiciary cooperate subject brian international said pleased established plan framework necessary protect risk sister nancy brown house british_columbia said organization support smith efforts combat human trafficking servants anonymous society chief financial officer said organization conservative government taking issue human trafficking seriously executing necessary steps enact national action plan combat human trafficking common criticism plan victim centric support victims insufficient university said good track record intelligence assessment awareness raising respect human trafficking approved plan funding critical plan emphasis law enforcement saying crime fighting focus plan unfortunately victim services said attention victim services necessary canadian provinces employing hoc methods supporting victims important elements legal aid situation appropriate shelter weeks establishment dean west ontario travelled thailand learn human trafficking parliamentary delegation world vision canada said meetings convinced right track canada national action plan october canadian coalition rights children said approved canada adoption plan judgement new human trafficking effective body replaced criticized including specific strategies children mention strengthening respect children rights prevention said lacks recognition responsibilities canada according optional protocol sale children child prostitution child pornography coalition recommended plan amended include mandatory sentencing children provide collaboration youth organizations october canada said organization supports plan promises participate international child protection best fulfilled canadians engage child sex tourism child trafficking countries recommended work focused dominican_republic mexico philippines thailand countries particularly vulnerable canadian recommended focusing countries canadians caught participating child sex tourism specific reference cases kenneth response plan canada initiated canadian freedom registry project promote enable implementation canada national action plan combat human trafficking focusing specifically partnership sought research ways improve anti human trafficking activities canada facilitate information sharing anti human trafficking organisations federal provincial governments april office united_nations high commissioner human rights composed brazil philippines republic ireland released report reviewing canada year universal periodic review report highlighted establishment positive achievement canada approved establishment encouraged canadians write letters politicians asking sure youth children plan foremost priorities politicians recommended people write harper rob minister justice plan implementation month plan establishment public service alliance canada regional executive vice president wrote open letter saying approved government inconsistent treatment human trafficking recently announced eliminating intelligence officer positions dismissing people effective anti human trafficking work announced foreign workers longer issued permits work canada sex industry tim leader adult entertainment association canada said challenge policy believed strip clubs safe environment government destroying industry creating labour shortage toronto annual walk freedom september criticized victim services saying grateful need smith said allotted support victims insufficient said organizations struggle provide basic care victims human trafficking considerable increase support federal provincial governments organizations june anniversary plan establishment variety released joint report report don vice president said continuing focused implementation action plan essential canadians end michael director federal government relations salvation army wrote plan important sends message government commitment end human trafficking behalf act alberta wrote victim support funding needed increase president criticized ignoring country crucial lack research data writing need sustained research nature human trafficking involving canada nonetheless said organization pleased consulted development plan july world vision canada senior policy advisor child protection said world vision pleased establishment canadian politicians level interest plan said progress human trafficking result criticized country new information plan exposed saying haven seen number convictions wanted said collaborate law enforcement agencies southeast_asia address issue canadians participating sex tourism september walk encouraged canadians write members parliament sure promises outlined plan come fruition preparation walk freedom said glad come existence related funds released different way

National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking


governor maryland governor maryland heads executive branch government maryland commander chief state national_guard units governor highest ranking official state broad range powers state local governments specified maryland constitution extent constitutional powers governor maryland ranked powerful governors united_states current governor larry republican defeated governor anthony brown november selection qualifications like state chief executives united_states governor elected citizens maryland serve year term constitution maryland governor run number times twice row makes possible term governor run office remaining office term eligible candidate governor years old resident registered voter maryland years preceding election candidate meets minimum requirement file candidacy maryland state board elections pay filing fee file financial disclosure create legal campaign financial body governor like statewide officials maryland elected numbered years election president united_states occur functions responsibilities chief executive state maryland governor heads executive branch government includes state executive departments agencies advisory boards commissions committees task forces main constitutional responsibility governor maryland state chief executive carry business state enforce laws passed legislature governor laws governor ability veto bill sent desk maryland general_assembly assembly veto governor given number specific powers relates state funds appointment state officials variety prominent commonly utilized powers year governor present proposed budget maryland general_assembly receiving proposed budget assembly allowed decrease portion budget executive branch increase transfer funds executive departments assembly increase funds legislative judicial branches government governor power veto law passed assembly including line item veto strike certain portions bills legislature power governor veto vote number members house governor sits board public works members treasurer board broad powers overseeing approving spending state funds approve state expenditures general funds capital improvement funds excluding expenditures construction state roads bridges highways power loans accord meet deficit anticipation revenues addition approving expenditures funds loans authorized general_assembly appointment powers governor military civil officers state government subject advice consent maryland state senate governor certain boards commissions counties baltimore city local boards elections commissions public officers fill elected offices attorney general vacancy arise general_assembly governor fills vacancy governor choose recommendations local party organization person leaving vacancy belonged officer appointed governor member general_assembly legitimate cause removal prominent governor heads departments governor cabinet known executive council executive council governor maryland chairman governor executive council cabinet coordinates state government functions composed following members lieutenant governor appointed governor advice consent maryland state senate heads executive departments lieutenant secretary john secretary secretary joe secretary budget david secretary business economic michael gill secretary disabilities carol state superintendent schools appointed state board education direct maryland state department education secretary ben secretary general secretary health mental van mitchell secretary housing community kenneth secretary human sam secretary information david secretary juvenile sam secretary labor licensing kelly secretary natural mark secretary david secretary public safety stephen secretary state police commanding officer maryland state police col william secretary peter secretary veterans george iii secretary higher education head maryland higher education commission hunter adjutant general head maryland military department members governor staff invited cabinet meetings attendees governor oversees sub coordinate activities certain function state government involves state departments agencies currently base realignment closure chesapeake_bay cabinet children cabinet governor international affairs smart growth workforce creation powers responsibilities governor commander chief military forces state maryland army national_guard air national_guard maryland defense force forces called federal service federal government authority times public emergency governor exercise emergency powers including military forces area criminal justice governor grant criminals sentences prisoners fines imposed people convicted jailed fined violations state laws areas variety governor sits state interstate boards commissions varying powers governor report condition state time year traditionally happens state state address january governor staff addition departments agencies gubernatorial control governor executive staff assist coordinating executive duties staff led chief staff includes offices relations legal counsel legislative policy press governor office washington chief staff number deputies assist running departments governor staff appointed largely exempt state civil service laws history evolution office 1800s colonial period maryland lords baltimore generally remained england chose serve governor maryland behalf lost control maryland direct royal colony governor appointed british monarch lords baltimore regained royal charter resumed choosing governors beginning american revolution governor chosen break chain colonial governors thomas johnson took office march maryland constitution governor chosen year terms houses general_assembly constitutional amendment allowed voters elect governor year terms rotating gubernatorial districts eastern southern western election voters single gubernatorial election district selected governor maryland constitution lengthened governor term office years brought elections governor line elections federal offices occur years finally constitution eliminated rotating gubernatorial election districts election governor elected voters state governor resided house governor resided government house georgian mansion adjacent maryland state house addition residence governor family government house number public rooms governor official occasions 1900s present governor maryland later served vice president united_states time president richard nixon far highest ranking history united_states roger served chief justice united_states 19th century following resignation charges corruption official gubernatorial portrait removed maryland state house governor reception room governor stated including portrait alter history good bad citing nineteen eighty potential factor leading corruption time took office governor salary year leading need supplement income maryland served female governor women runners gubernatorial elections addition woman served lieutenant governor kennedy woman cox secretary disabilities unsuccessfully ran lieutenant governor running mate incumbent governor robert lieutenant governor time michael left office run senate cox unique person run office woman legally blind lieutenant governor office lieutenant governor maryland existed years 1860s instituted amendment maryland constitution lieutenant governor weak office compared counterparts states including texas lieutenant governor president state senate california lieutenant governor assumes governor powers sitting governor state possesses powers duties governor assigns lieutenant governor elected ballot governor term office governor lieutenant governor succeeds governorship vacancy office despite governor lieutenant governor elected party ticket public instance blair lee harry hughes samuel iii kennedy lieutenant governor maryland elected governor future elections permanently succeeded governor office vacancy created resignation death removal sitting governor blair lee iii served acting governor june january governor serving sentence mail fraud consequently modern example official gubernatorial portrait hung maryland state house governor reception room


national register national register continuously updated permanent database eligible federal elections canada maintained elections canada established december bill granted royal governor general canada preliminary national register populated data april final canada wide replaced system required door door eligible electoral event database contains basic information address sex date birth register update personal information elections request excluded canada elections act elections canada data sharing arrangements federal provincial territorial municipal agencies canada update national register ensure currency enable jurisdictions update respective information national register obtaining data parties sharing data parties consistent canada elections act elections act respective province territory elections canada way data sharing arrangements electoral agencies province territory obtain send information conjunction national geographic database national register create preliminary voters lists electoral district canada election referendum candidate electoral district given voters list district data national register addresses boundaries district defined national geographic database data election purposes use data subjects user penalties including fines imprisonment voter lists updated returning officers based information received election campaign ultimately resulting final voters lists distributed election day use national register allowed elections canada avoid million election related expenditures federal election creation creation national permanent register proposed 1930s consideration project established 1980s government canada appointed royal commission electoral reform party financing recommended provincial lists federal purposes working group established march submitted report register project report research feasibility chief electoral officer elections canada main conclusions national register cost effective feasible minimum election period reduced days best sources information update register revenue canada files citizenship immigration canada provincial territorial driver licence files vital statistics files support provincial territorial agencies legislative changes canada elections act income tax act required registration electoral event use register cost previous methods subsequent elections avoid costs million point federal government elections canada assumed responsibility ensuring eligible registered electoral event federal general election required door door cost effort individual minimal post writ ensured high proportion registered election elections participation inequality typically affects individuals poor young little formal education tend initiative participate electoral related events state canada implementation national register worked augment voter turnout segments society natural tendency participation inequality electoral politics legislation december governor general canada granted royal bill creation permanent list voters federal elections canada national register maintained elections canada april elections canada conducted final house house canada establish preliminary national register canadian federal election june replaced system voter conducted election writ election issued respective jurisdiction bill reduced minimum length election campaigns days days time required voter significantly reduced provinces adopted similar provincial registers 1990s joining british_columbia relied permanent register long time passage legislation based earlier recommendation working group facilitated consensus surrounding single alternative national register elections canada presented idea elected officials time government main opposition parties found arguments change especially compelling self serving legislative changes elections act amended bill granted royal contained thirteen clauses national register clauses maintenance register specified clause clause electronic copy register electoral district shall sent constituency october year clause permits chief electoral officer elections canada enter agreements provincial bodies responsible establishing voters lists payment issued provincial body prohibition use national register stipulated clause prohibits providing false information legislation later introduced amend type data collected stored national register privacy commissioner canada appeared standing senate committee legal constitutional affairs bill act amend canada elections act public service employment act submitting letter criticised proposed changes elections act problems inclusion date birth voter lists sent polling stations election day use polling stated birth year sufficient second problem raised inclusion date birth voter lists sent candidate electoral districts canada political parties stated inclusion information voter lists sent candidates contribute protecting improving integrity electoral process despite committee recommended inclusion date birth lists grounds provide safeguard electoral fraud especially cases prospective voter presents poll adequate identification included committee stage house_of_commons committee stage senate amendment sections bill lists provided candidates include date birth sex version ultimately granted royal bill introduced use unique personal national register changed date electronic lists available members parliament electoral district november october use use data contained national register list generated result maximum penalty fine year prison data sharing elections act permits elections canada data national register information obtained external parties include federal agencies crown corporations including canada revenue agency canada post national change address service citizenship immigration canada act elections canada obtain information jurisdictions provincial territorial motor vehicle provincial electoral agencies permanent voters lists elections canada convened advisory committee electoral partners annually known national register advisory committee usually november ottawa discuss permanent data sharing arrangements related topics july elections canada signed year interim agreement division driver vehicle licensing transfer driver licence records elections canada months september batch data storage tape contained plastic cartridge sent elections canada information licensed drivers january elections canada lost tape report investigation stated tape deposited inadvertently elections canada non waste investigation concern tape data stolen resulted separate investigations privacy commissioner canada george office commissioned elections canada conducted private security firm interim agreement renewal result incident elections canada changed practice tapes sent directly secured computer room province elections act provincial register created maintained information release external use integration national register information receive external parties national register provincial driver licence records provincial vital statistics records section national elections act permits chief electoral officer elections canada enter agreements provincial election authorities share information contained national register provincial authorities clause section ensures data shared manner provincial territorial agency offence use personal information obtained register accordance conditions agreement entered chief electoral officer section voter registration register national register individuals years old election complete form canadian citizenship providing proof identity residential address registration result assignment individual entry national register unique randomly generated address sex date birth individual eligible cast ballot electoral district individual normally resident register update personal information elections request excluded national register section canada elections act national register updated reflect changes canadian population including address changes reaching voting age death year address changes processed elections canada information obtained canada revenue agency canada post provincial territorial motor vehicle provincial electoral agencies permanent voters lists year canadians reach voting age canadians die resulting changes national register based information obtained canada revenue agency provincial territorial motor vehicle provincial electoral agencies permanent voters lists additionally individuals year canadians added national register elections canada based information obtained citizenship immigration canada collectively represent entries national register information provided canadian residents canada revenue agency shared elections canada resident transfer income tax benefits return consent granted canada revenue agency provide resident address date birth canadian citizenship information bill introduced amendment act ensure tax personal information included national register canadian citizens change possible non citizen consent included national register despite eligible mandate office chief electoral officer electoral event readiness identified necessity order consistent goal electoral process contributes transparency accessibility participants compliance legislative framework element achieve maintain state readiness electoral events called currency coverage national register process elections canada letters year old citizens explaining register inclusion voters list letters mistaken recipients confirmation added voter list run federal election national register undergoes comprehensive revision process running days starting 33rd day election federal electoral district responsible list district targeted revision involves sending pairs agents certain areas new residential developments areas known high population mobility student residences nursing homes chronic care facilities revised mail forms visiting returning office electoral district registering polling day provincial territorial voter lists provincial agencies maintain permanent lists voters include british_columbia quebec residents ontario opt personal information permanent register ontario shared elections canada inclusion national register alberta ontario quebec conducted election permanent voter register newfoundland established new_brunswick passed legislation create election act british_columbia permits provincial chief electoral officer register voters individuals appear qualified register voters update current voter registration information based national register involvement individual data collected accordance canada elections act possible result changes british_columbia election act elections shares data elections canada months coordination ensures federally registered registered vice versa british_columbia month residency requirement individual registered criterion required national register provincial register filter updates received national register exclude individuals meet criterion national register provincial voter list included eligible provincial election use system expected increasing voter registration million million million eligible resident citizens elections alberta signed agreement elections canada october share data stored respective register received contract despite sharing agreement elections alberta immediately integrate updates received national register provincial register includes individuals satisfy month residency requirement provincial legislation reflected federal legislation national registry northwest territories updates voter list based information national register obtaining data medical insurance data student financial assistance program voter registration data held municipal governments result changes provincial elections act nova_scotia national register general provincial election elect members general_assembly nova_scotia voting canadian federal general election individual cast ballot individual canadian citizen years old day election registered vote satisfied inclusion national register case elections canada mail voter information card listing locations advance polls election day polls independently registering election advance poll election day poll revision period beginning days election ending days election enables eligible update names addresses national register add names request deceased individuals qualified vote list file objection filing objection returning officer issue days election dispute eligibility individual national register produce lists election referendum purposes elections elections canada prepares preliminary lists polling station electoral district based address information contained national register election period returning officers electoral district use lists revise information eligible lists candidates campaign election period elections canada election expense limits political parties candidates voter information card sent meant inform registration status provide information location date cast ballot november report general canada stated data contained national register coverage rates percent currency rates percent exceeding stated goal percent coverage proportion eligible voters included national register percent currency proportion eligible voters address correctly listed according elections canada national register allowed elections canada avoid million election related expenditures maintaining national register cost million required time employees system implemented elections canada studied jurisdictions agencies including electoral council australia members include electoral commissioners federal state governments june national geographic database elections canada statistics canada national register generate national geographic database spatial database contains roads related attributes road type direction address ranges data created built road data elections canada street network files statistics canada national database natural resources canada data digital chart world cost elections canada contribute million linking national register national geographic database cost data quality improvements road address range currency primary area updates national geographic database elections canada generate electoral district maps statistics canada census activities maintenance costs general election million requiring time employees national geographic database electoral purposes able identify electoral district polling division residence located electoral geography database contains boundaries electoral districts polling divisions combined produce maps geographic products required support electoral events


united_states senate select committee improper activities labor management united_states senate select committee improper activities labor management known committee select committee created united_states senate january dissolved march select committee directed study extent criminal improper practices field labor management relations groups employees employers suggest changes laws united_states provide protection practices activities conducted active investigations served witnesses documents held days hearings took testimony witnesses invoked fifth amendment compiled pages testimony peak activity persons worked committee select committee work led directly enactment labor management reporting disclosure act public law known griffin act september background creation december robert kennedy appointed assistant counsel committee government operations chairman committee senator joseph mccarthy kennedy resigned july rejoined committee staff chief minority counsel february democrats regained majority january kennedy committee chief counsel soon permanent investigations senate committee government operations leadership democratic senator john chair committee began holding hearings labor permanent work focused scandal emerged powerful trade union international brotherhood mid-1950s leader jimmy began effort dave union international president october johnny met new_york_city men create paper locals fake local unions existed paper boost delegate totals paper locals applied charters international union political foes outraged major battle broke charter locals media attention led investigations department justice permanent investigations leaders subsequently challenged authority permanent investigate union arguing senate labor public welfare committee jurisdiction labor government operations objected transfer investigation labor committee felt labor chairman senator john kennedy close union leaders thoroughly investigate organized labor solve political problems senate established january entirely new committee select committee improper activities labor management gave broad investigative powers new select committee given year complete work charged studying extent criminal improper practices field labor management relations groups employees employers half membership drawn committee government operations half committee labor public welfare mccarthy drawn government operations kennedy labor equal number democrats republicans sat select committee senator named chair select committee republican senator new_york vice chair democrats liberals primarily criticized committee having neutral attitude labor committee members looked organized labor favorably senator patrick strongly pro labor committee members strongly pro management included select committee southern conservative chair john hired robert kennedy chief counsel investigator kennedy neutral opinion labor unions appalled stories heard union intimidation west_coast kennedy undertook chief counsel job determined root union little knowledge understanding concern management select committee members chief counsel observers concluded led committee view corruption labor management relations problem unions management management victim senator gave robert kennedy extensive control scheduling testimony areas investigation questioning witnesses suited conservative democrat opponent labor unions robert kennedy organized labor outrage free pursue anti labor legislative agenda hearings began draw close republican members select committee voiced strong disagreement decision let kennedy set direction committee ask questions largely ignored protests robert kennedy proved questions engaging shouting matches witnesses laying legal cases kennedy goal refer nearly investigations justice department department refused concluded nearly legal cases significantly flawed frustrated robert kennedy publicly complained justice department decisions september chief counsel kennedy resolved investigate wide range labor unions corporations including international brotherhood united auto workers life insurance select committee established formal federal bureau investigation fbi internal revenue service federal bureau department labor federal agencies state local offices officials involved law enforcement investigations select committee focused attention union president dave fled country month avoid returning march select committee difficult time investigating paper locals dissolved avoid committee scrutiny provided verbal testimony differed substantially prior written statements select committee eventually charged contempt congress union records lost destroyed allegedly purpose working fbi select committee electrified nation february played public national television audience discussed creation paper locals including establishment paper local organize new_york_city taxi cab drivers use charter means money wide variety employers hearings opened focus corruption portland oregon featured testimony portland crime boss jim support hours taped conversations described approached seattle working portland vice operations colorful testimony brought committee investigations national media attention outset million viewers watched live television evidence unearthed weeks mob sponsored plot oregon unions seize control state legislature state police state attorney general office blackmail march jimmy arrested allegedly trying bribe aide select committee denied charges later acquitted arrest additional investigations arrests following weeks week later admitted receiving interest free loan select committee investigators claimed loans union officials businesses cost appeared select committee time march invoked fifth amendment right self times called committee additional interest free loans potentially illegal financial transactions exposed based revelations indicted tax hearings generated strong criticisms robert kennedy liberal critics said vicious witnesses able anger kennedy point lost control shout insult supreme_court justice william douglas robert kennedy close friend criticized kennedy guilt exercised fifth amendment rights noted attorney edward bennett williams accused select committee bringing witnesses executive session exercise fifth amendment rights force return public refuse answer questions merely generate media attention chicago american newspaper strongly criticized robert kennedy behavior hearings worried joseph kennedy rushed washington robert kennedy john kennedy political future summer fall select committee investigated corruption workers union united textile workers amalgamated meat union transport workers union late fall committee focused attention union examined behavior companies packing company continental company company continuing investigate hold hearings unions corporations committee began examine behavior jimmy officials senator accused attempting gain control nation economy set sort private government select committee accused creation paper locals arranging loan ridden international association bid union gain control waterfront warehouses johnny late summer prison serving time conspiracy charges federal court order testify select committee hearings hour appearance select committee invoked fifth amendment right self times refused answer committee questions despite problems encountered select committee developed additional testimony evidence alleging widespread corruption controlled units presented public august corruption scandal led december hearings occurred august select committee met executive session organizations set agenda future select committee succeeded securing removal president verge sending jimmy jail committee strongly criticized handling witnesses apparent exposing union management corruption guide select committee investigations future established set areas investigation committee involved labor involved management preventing workers organizing unions management oriented area came committee list priorities staff assigned investigate issue new guidelines select committee schedule hearings slowed january chairman asked received permission senate extend deadline completing committee work year short time early year select committee investigated international union operating engineers uncovered limited financial scandal union main focus committee half year united auto workers republicans select committee notably barry months late accused robert kennedy covering extensive corruption republicans pointed lengthy ongoing violent strike conducting fixtures company wisconsin walter president auto workers told select committee investigators company committing numerous unfair labor practices union union books order despite evidence organized crime kennedy went ahead hearings february week series hearings produced evidence corruption second set hearings september lasted days uncovered evidence september hearings public hearings embarrassed committee held hearings winding select committee issued interim report march report condemned jimmy president accused gathering power destroy national economy attention select committee held short set hearings august intended expose corruption regime number witnesses written testimony hearings led february select committee attention turned investigation organized crime won year extension select committee existence january giving additional time investigations new focus natural committee previous investigations reflected committee frustration additional scandals like spring summer committee held series public hearings brought number organized crime figures public attention including anthony anthony sam muted frequent criticisms select committee robert kennedy continued kennedy labor high profile critics concluded endangered constitution wanted investigate organized crime select committee reached limits jurisdiction investigations september clear select committee developing additional information justify continued operation second interim report released august denouncing jimmy robert kennedy resigned select committee chief counsel september joined senator john kennedy presidential campaign campaign manager committee members involved passing legislation deal abuses uncovered committee dissolved began related year investigation union benefit plans labor leader george alleging diversion benefit funds notable failure find legal wrongdoing led introduction pieces new legislation including bill october setting new standards plan trustees senator jacob new_york introduced bills increasing regulation welfare pension funds limit control plan trustees administrators provisions bills ultimately evolved guidelines enacted employee retirement income security act disbandment legislative outcomes final report select committee improper activities labor management issued march time authority granted senate select committee transferred committee government operations existence select committee conducted active investigations served witnesses documents held days hearings witnesses invoked fifth amendment compiled pages testimony issued interim final report peak persons engaged work committee including field investigators delegated committee government accounting office worked detroit chicago new_york_city southern florida accommodate huge staff corridor blocked old senate office building turned suite offices observers continued criticize select committee yale law professor alexander accused kennedy witnesses compared tactics joseph mccarthy declared kennedy unfit attorney general turn century historians biographers continued criticize select committee lack respect constitutional rights witnesses brought legislative legal outcomes historic legal developments came select committee investigation including supreme_court decision landmark labor legislation right union officials exercise fifth amendment rights upheld significant constitutional law supreme_court reaffirmed right union officials location union records united_states scandals uncovered select committee led directly passage labor management reporting disclosure act known griffin act calls legislation drafts bills began circulating senate early prominent bills submitted senators john kennedy assistance nationally known labor law professor cox covered areas including union finances democratic organizational structures rules kennedy bill proved immensely controversial leading longest senate debate year greatest number amendments floor votes piece legislation year president dwight opposed bill died congressional session ended december kennedy reintroduced bill additional provisions retired senate senator sam agreed sponsor revised bill kennedy bill encountered stiff opposition republicans able win senate approval management bill rights bill labor strongly denounced republican backed amendments bill passed senate overwhelmingly administration crafted bill sponsored house_of_representatives democrat georgia robert griffin republican michigan griffin bill contained financial reporting restrictions kennedy bill unrelated provisions restricting union organizing boycott activity conference committee reconcile house senate bills began meeting august september house senate passed conference committee bill far closer original griffin bill kennedy bill president signed bill law september select committee mandate expired senator advocated senate expand jurisdiction committees provide oversight new labor law continue senate investigations organized crime originally sought jurisdiction committee government operations members committee request able convince senate impose jurisdiction government operations permanent investigations began making inquiries matters pertaining syndicated organized crime impact key participants national attention paid robert kennedy select committee hearings helped launch career government official politician earned reputation hard work experiences select committee significantly affected robert kennedy strongly influenced decision fighting organized crime high priority tenure united_states attorney general leaving select committee robert kennedy spent better year writing experiences learned unions organized crime kennedy book enemy published february hearings jimmy household united_states hearings critical turning point career labor leader bringing dave ensured president outcome robert kennedy later regretted indicted times federal state courts based evidence uncovered select committee convicted charges prosecutors accused jury witnesses order beat conviction charges proven court law attorney general january robert kennedy formed squad mission identify additional evidence secure conviction kennedy focus strong observers time later historians believed kennedy personal eventually convicted federal district court jury march counts jury conspiracy trial nashville tennessee sentenced years prison fine bail appeal second federal district court jury convicted july count conspiracy counts mail wire fraud entered prison march frank named acting president union resigned president july barred sentence agreement participating directly indirectly union activities released prison december disappeared july presumably murdered hearings positive benefits key participants kennedy bill senator john kennedy important legislative accomplishment enacted law senators nonetheless revised opinion saw legislator helped remove major obstacle kennedy political aspirations kennedy publicity gained select committee work launch presidential bid work select committee key turning point senate career john devoted significant time resources permanent investigations chair pushing anti organized crime agenda 1960s efforts kept issue alive despite prominence issues civil rights movement vietnam war limited jurisdiction organized crime transferred committee government operations disbandment select committee senator held number sensational hearings organized crime known hearings published account select committee activities findings book crime punishment senator sponsored pieces important anti crime legislation 1960s early 1970s including crime control safe streets act organized crime control act contains highly influential influenced corrupt organizations act members united_states congress select committee chair senator john vice chair senator equal number democrats republicans sat committee republican senator joseph mccarthy died replaced republican senator homer democratic senator patrick resigned committee march protest select committee rough treatment union witnesses replaced democratic senator frank church united_states congress select committee chair senator john retirement senator senate december new vice chair senator senator homer joined committee partisan balance staff senator john arkansas committee chair entire history peak activity persons worked committee including field investigators staff loaned committee general accounting office committee staff included robert kennedy chief counsel chief assistant chief counsel angela personal secretary chief counsel robert assistant counsel walter chief investigator paul investigator investigator richard investigator james investigator john investigator chief clerk kenneth donnell administrative assistant investigator john investigator investigator

United States Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management