uss rhode_island uss rhode_island virginia class battleships built united_states_navy second ship carry laid launched commissioned atlantic fleet february ship armed offensive battery inch guns inch guns capable speed knots mph ship career primarily consisted training battleships atlantic fleet rhode_island took cruise great white fleet largely remained atlantic late cruised caribbean coast mexico protect american interests mexican revolution united_states entered world war april rhode_island assigned anti submarine patrols east_coast starting december end war ship american soldiers carried men course trips briefly transferred pacific fleet decommissioned sold scrap terms washington naval treaty design rhode_island feet inches long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons load ship powered shaft triple expansion steam engines rated indicated horsepower coal fired boilers generating speed knots mph built fitted heavy military masts quickly replaced cage masts crew officers enlisted men ship armed main battery inch mark guns twin gun turrets centerline forward aft secondary battery consisted inch guns inch guns inch guns mounted twin turrets atop main battery turrets turrets abreast forward funnel inch guns placed casemates hull close range defense torpedo boats carried inch guns mounted casemates hull pounder guns carried pounder guns standard capital ships period rhode_island carried torpedo tubes submerged hull broadside rhode_island main armored belt thick magazines machinery spaces main battery gun turrets secondary turrets inch thick faces supporting barbettes armor plating conning tower thick sides service history rhode_island laid fore river shipyard massachusetts launched ship completed year later february ship conducted extensive cruise sea trials steaming roads assigned 2nd division 1st squadron atlantic fleet january left roads march bound bay cuba rest 1st squadron conducted maneuvers gunnery training conclusion exercises returned east_coast united_states cruise cape bay december rhode_island returned roads battleships held naval review start cruise great white fleet battleships joined transports squadron torpedo boats december president roosevelt reviewed fleet departed leg trip fleet cruised south caribbean south_america making stops port spain rio_de_janeiro arenas cities arriving mexico march fleet spent weeks conducting gunnery practice fleet resumed voyage pacific_coast americas stopping san_francisco seattle crossing pacific australia stopping hawaii way stops south pacific included melbourne sydney fleet turned north philippines stopping manila continuing japan welcoming ceremony held weeks exercises followed bay philippines november ships passed singapore december entered indian_ocean proceeding suez_canal port said egypt fleet called mediterranean ports stopping gibraltar international fleet british russian french dutch warships greeted americans ships crossed atlantic return roads february having traveled nautical miles conducted naval review president roosevelt conclusion review rhode_island steamed new_york overhaul new_york navy yard overhaul march ship assigned 3rd division 1st squadron emerging dry dock resumed normal peacetime routine maneuvers rest squadron gunnery practice training cruises february sent cruise caribbean ship reassigned 4th division 1st squadron october weeks later rest squadron held naval review boston president william howard november ships crossed atlantic visit european ports rhode_island went cruise fleet conducted large scale battle reconnaissance training rhode_island rest ships atlantic stopped bay january ship resumed peacetime routine lasted years punctuated cruise key west florida havana bay cuba june july return reassigned temporarily flagship 3rd division july duty short lived august divisional commander transferred flag sister ship new_jersey june rhode_island divisional flagship stint lasted january late navy began increasingly involved mexican revolution late rhode_island cruised veracruz protect american nationals country february ship left area stopped bay weeks continuing united_states return normal routine ship went cruises flag caribbean october march second january february period served flagship 4th division 1st squadron december january reduced fleet reserve boston navy yard formally removed atlantic fleet following day june september served flagship commander chief reserve force atlantic fleet rhode_island placed commission march tensions germany rose dramatically result german submarine warfare campaign launched earlier year united_states declared war april ship flagship battleship division atlantic fleet ship crew underwent extensive training bring ship combat readiness assigned anti submarine patrols island maryland based roads april rhode_island transferred battleship division june conducted torpedo proving trials end war november ship assigned operation transport american soldiers france trip started december rhode_island virginia steamed brest france arrived december ships took men day stay port course trips ended july carried men boston july assigned flagship battleship squadron pacific fleet left boston days later cruised entrance panama canal canal rhode_island steamed north mare island navy yard remained june decommissioned placed reserve according terms washington naval treaty rhode_island sold scrap november broken ship bell preserved display rhode_island state house


mississippi class battleship mississippi class battleships comprised ships authorized naval budget mississippi idaho named 20th 43rd states respectively battleships designed united_states_navy built ship prior design completed later naval budget quality technology weaponry armor rate ships included variety main intermediate secondary gun sizes configuration obsolete ships completed years 20th century period confusion transition naval strategy tactics ship design mississippi class preceding connecticut class designed based lessons learned spanish american war construction russo japanese war war games experimentation demonstrated new priorities concepts influence future designs period rapid development techniques training use large guns inclusion rapid fire intermediate secondary weapons unnecessary future designs reduce confusing array guns sizes battleships rely gun size main armament big gun concept small guns uniform caliber combat small vessels close proximity mississippi class ships smaller preceding classes battleships designed attempt reduce rapid growth size cost battleships theory existed influential naval leaders including small battleships strategically useful small ships line 18th 19th centuries essence mississippi class ships smaller versions preceding connecticut class virtually armament armor reduction length engine size fuel capacity caused slow short ranged design caused perform poorly terms steering stability sea keeping ships served navy sold greece service atlantic fleet ships perform fleet operations lower speeds shorter ranges ships frequently detached special tasks including goodwill tours mississippi time seaplane support vessel ships took military mexico caribbean including landing marines supporting early air operations mississippi class ships sold greece sale functional battleships foreign government early 1930s ships active greek navy serving coastal defense attack roles missions waters mediterranean limitations pronounced served russian civil war turkish war mid-1930s relegated reserve auxiliary roles idaho guns removed coastal fortifications sunk german aircraft raised 1950s sold scrap purpose early 20th century navy growing rapidly navy commissioned battleships middle decade jane fighting ships ranked battle line second british navy rapid growth universally supported government navy powerful groups frequently necessary funding mississippi class ships designed meet congressional navy department objectives reducing escalating cost new battleships quantity size cost increased dramatically decades battleship production division occurred naval planners early years 20th century technically superior ships expensive ones president roosevelt supporting admiral navy george captain alfred supporting approach naval budget effected compromise calling ships ships ton connecticut class ships new expensive class tons design determined ships mississippi class intended serve modern equivalent 19th century rate ship line offering thought efficient compromise sailing ability speed handling fire power cost concept formed backbone sailing battle fleets previous century trends early 20th century naval strategies making rate concept obsolete prevailing strategies called consistent battle line rate units battleship design south_carolina class completely different approach returning displacement connecticut class big gun format similar concept hms dreadnought design mississippi class battleships battleship class designed new_hampshire ship prior connecticut class design authorized completed ships ship built congress authorized vessels ton range design specified naval budget approaches initially considered scaled version preceding ton connecticut class approved budgets scaled version ton maine class design commissioned completely new design incorporate new ideas technology interesting adaptations considered new designs weight saving technology allow increased achieved older maine class design closest weight goal naval designs coal storage engine efficiency important european designs ships fight far home shores especially pacific caribbean forces farther stations european power colonial bases draft concern southern tended shallow entrances proponents felt ships able major beams typically limited width dry docks armament differing concepts ultimate combination guns available ideas based experiences interpretations recent naval battles war games experimentation recent battleship designs included primary guns intermediate guns secondary guns guns typical configuration navy pioneered use inch intermediate guns indiana class consistently previous designs opinions experiences varied quality guns armor ordnance design changing rapidly experience quickly irrelevant combat experience spanish american war shown value smaller guns close range larger guns inaccurate russo japanese war years later decisive effects obtained long ranges effective limits inch ordnance point designs established mississippi class laid main batteries recent american designs continued include large primary batteries inch inch guns intermediate guns faster fire closer combat armored vessels lighter intermediate guns considered valuable penetrating upper level armor heavy guns effective main belt heavy turrets likely diminish fighting ability opponent likely sink earlier battleships guns black powder design maine class powerful smaller guns powder giving greater velocity trajectory rifles available range yards double range black powder main armament spanish american war considered excellent compromise weight firepower limitations gunnery control longer range guns impractical contemporary consideration larger naval officers backing president roosevelt began develop superior fire control techniques equipment development better spotting range led improvements range capacity accuracy time superior training systems significantly reduced time required load fire large guns minutes minute intermediate guns discontinued illinois class based experience spanish american war caliber guns reinstated virginia class continued connecticut class typically carried gun turrets placement turrets inconsistent prior designs prior designs turrets inch guns superimposed turrets inch guns virginia classes designers felt guns redundant faster firing inch caliber guns carried casemates argued increases rate fire accuracy inch guns eliminated need smaller guns main battery secondary batteries secondary batteries typically considered combination torpedo defense defense smaller boats armed torpedoes torpedo boats destroyers weapons attack lightly armored upper structures capital ships recent warships mounted combination inch inch guns smaller guns inch inch range pounder pounder traditional terms larger guns typically protected casemates smaller ones open deck lightly protected casemates fast firing inch caliber gun adopted previous battleship class replace earlier inch guns brought significant improvement expanding potential torpedo defense came opinions best combination guns existed inch inch mix considered quick firing inch guns loaded bags making slower contemporary inch guns navy considered excellent intended role world war north_atlantic convoy duty utility removed battleships remaining service beginning maine class vessels commissioned inch caliber gun pounder battleships boat weapon smaller weapons frequently referred guns role filled earliest battleships including texas maine pounder inch guns removed battleships combat operations world war competing designs future battleship weaponry crossroads opinions varied naval leaders naval leaders discussing big gun concept parallel british hms dreadnought designers felt torpedo completely replace gun battleships heavily armored launch platforms proposals included smaller primary guns inch size save weight analysis war games determined battleship inch inch guns turret placement superior conventional battleships individual actions analysis suggested fleet actions effective number centerline guns efficient approach approach incorporated mississippi class centerline maximum broadside concept followed subsequent battleship designs final design end ships built main batteries identical connecticut class reducing guns secondary inch battery inch guns sacrificing torpedo tubes subsequent designs eliminate inch batteries completely inch guns removed battleships combat world war respect design suffer comparing forward main battery consisted inch caliber guns meaning gun times long diameter considered quick firing guns arranged twin turrets forward rear main superstructure inch caliber guns arranged twin turrets main superstructure ship remaining inch caliber guns distributed casemates ship main deck inch caliber guns mounted upper casemates main deck inch armor plate mounted casemates gun deck near bow remaining guns open mounts upper deck bridge deck spaces submerged torpedo tubes fitted broadside near bow ships armor prior mid 1870s armor wrought iron plate backed wood 1870s compound armor developed hardened steel face cemented softer iron backing prevented cracking late 1880s steel armor devised harvey process developed steel plate treated carbon hardened cold water process allowed steel plate hard surface softer likely crack 1890s krupp armor refined harvey process including additional metals developing system process penetrated deeply plates tests showed inch krupp armor equal inch harvey armor inch compound armor inch wrought iron plate thinner plates harvey armor basically equal krupp mississippi class ships combination krupp style armor american armor backed teak wood consistent capital ships decade armor strength consistent preceding connecticut class cases complete coverage thicker especially compared earliest ships series belt armor thinner compared longer compared despite mississippi class shorter compared primary turret armor thicker inch thick opposed uss connecticut machinery ships designed older technology steam engines slowly replaced newer technology steam turbine propulsion turbines generally meant speed fuel efficient limited range ships fuel stored early dreadnought designs simultaneous development mississippi class primitive direct drive turbines navy slow fully adopt turbines exclusively battleship production indirect refined gear reduction turbo electric subsequent battleship classes built identical vessels different types engines example delaware nevada classes mississippi idaho equipped shaft vertical triple expansion steam engines drove propellers engines steam multiple times triple expansion greater efficiency steam provided boilers engines rated indicated horsepower produced speed knots mph trials mississippi reached ihp maximum speed mph terms speed class ships inferior preceding classes slightly superior illinois class laid ships carried long tons coal purpose designed coal long tons coal stored sides hull provided ships range nautical miles cruising speed mph range previous class general characteristics final design scaled version preceding connecticut class comparison ships knot slower lower perform heavy seas mississippi class ships long overall beam draft ships designed displace long tons normal displacement long tons combat load ship crew officers enlisted men world cruise tested designs earlier designs including connecticut class higher carried secondary armament close waterline ships initially carried pole mast conning tower shortly commissioning ships masts added aft forward masts replaced masts reduced length retaining beam prior connecticut class resulted length beam ratio causing reduced performance relative class speed knot slower economical speed reduced half knots coal storage reducing operating range mississippi ships poor qualities making poor gunnery platforms underway atlantic waters motion irregular low length beam ratio caused excessive rolling pitching difficult guns target reduced length significantly cut away aft difficult ships consistent course waters ships uss mississippi second mississippi battleship laid launched commissioned early given cruise coast cuba returned philadelphia final fitting early attended inauguration president cuba met great white fleet return reviewed president remainder year traveled waters new_england caribbean gulf_of_mexico took voyage mississippi_river participated war games bay late sailed europe atlantic fleet maneuvers following spent months atlantic coast based alternately philadelphia norfolk serving training ship conducting operational exercises june landed marine detachment cuba protect american interests following exercises fleet returned philadelphia navy yard reserve august late assigned duty station ship pensacola florida outbreak fighting mexico april mississippi sailed veracruz arriving detachment naval combat june returned roads july decommissioned transferred greek navy uss idaho second idaho battleship laid launched commissioned given cruise coast cuba returned philadelphia final fitting repairs summer transported detachment marines canal zone support peaceful election process early met great white fleet return reviewed president remainder year alternated waters new_england southern waters including caribbean gulf_of_mexico voyage mississippi_river war games bay late sailed atlantic division atlantic fleet bay england brest france returning bay early routine service atlantic fleet cuban waters idaho toured gulf_of_mexico mississippi_river visiting ports mississippi_river february unrest mexico led coup état death deposed president francisco protection american interests idaho deployed veracruz june returning placed atlantic reserve fleet october idaho remained reserve recommissioned philadelphia march mid year steamed mediterranean group board visiting ports arrived french port july formally transferred greek navy july greek service diplomatic tensions greece ottoman_empire following balkan wars resulted seeking buy powerful warships abroad enable control sea idaho mississippi sold july fred turn sold greek government proceeds sale increase budget fiscal year funding building new_mexico class super dreadnought idaho mississippi renamed crucial battle second balkan war idaho honor victorious naval battle turkish navy balkan war service uneventful ships served balance german capital ships acquired rival turkey design limitations poor tendencies critical strategic environment seas mediterranean ambassador turkey henry wrote battleships immediately took places powerful vessels greek navy enthusiasm greeks obtaining world war division greek government developed king constantine prime minister greece enter world war known national separate governments emerged units greek navy factions provoked royalist purge officers men greek navy french admiral commander chief allied squadron perceived greek fleet menace powers delivered ultimatum greeks small ships disable large ones october breech blocks munitions torpedoes removed time crews reduced normal size june greece declared war central powers restoration greek navy slow british french disagreements difficulty officers crews support war central powers france returned ships took allied operations greatest allied need mediterranean units battleships priority world war ships saw action command rear admiral greek navy took allied expedition support white armies ukraine later careers ships active operations turkish war asia minor greeks winning world war ottoman_empire defeated powers greeks awarded large areas mixed turkish greek populations asian coast sea greek soldiers landed took control city surroundings cover greek french british navies flagship second fleet based rear admiral mission surveillance black_sea dardanelles asia minor coasts time france italy supportive emerging turkish republic britain remained supportive greece opposed greek moves istanbul support greek army defeated greece driven asia turks late resulting years political economic turmoil battleships relegated reserve auxiliary roles mid-1930s upgraded naval artillery training facility guns removed installed coastal defense battery island anchored naval base april ships sunk german invasion greece dive bombers hit bombs went shallow water hit able underway beached refloated sold scrap 1950s


class ironclad class ironclads hms hms ironclad warships ordered confederate states navy seized british prevent delivery violated foreign act forbade british subjects build arm ships governments war governments friendly great_britain class turret ships gun turrets designed mount pair heavy muzzle loading guns purchased service royal_navy served briefly channel_fleet guard ships bermuda hong_kong sold sank tow scrapped sold scrap design description march contract placed son captain james naval agent confederate states america double warships designed attacks cost exclusive armament ammunition intended warships break federal blockade confederate coastal cities hold northern cities ransom ships length perpendiculars feet inches beam feet inches draught feet deep load displaced long tons hull divided watertight bulkheads ships double beneath engine boiler rooms crew consisted officers men gun turrets designed captain royal_navy sat circular built iron radial platform arms rested wheels inches diameter turret required crew men rotate system rack gears minute required rotation rotated inside turret outside turret turned block tackle use leather extended turret gap turret deck reduce water gap like contemporary ironclads fitted forged iron ram ships feet increased foot abreast turrets service ships proved rolled heavily meant decks flat small rudder caused steering problems wind powerful guns judged superior monitor built united_states_navy propulsion class ships horizontal direct acting steam engines built driving single bladed foot propeller engines powered tubular boilers working pressure psi kpa cm2 engines produced total indicated horsepower gave ships maximum speed knots mph reached maximum speed knots mph sea trials october ships carried long tons coal steam nautical miles knots mph ships barque rigged masts conventional anchor masts place ship masts reduce interference firing arcs gun turrets funnel semi retractable reduce wind resistance sail armament ordnance ordered ships seized british service mounted pair inch rifled muzzle loading guns turret shell inch gun weighed pounds gun weighed long tons gun fired shell muzzle velocity credited ability penetrate nominal inches wrought iron armour yards guns fire solid shot explosive shells according going depression elevation supposedly took hour smooth water keel armour class ships complete waterline belt wrought iron inches thick amidships inches bow inches stern completely covered hull upper deck feet inches waterline armour protection turrets elaborate inside turret lined inches iron boiler plate shaped beams space beams filled inches teak covered iron inches thick covered turn inches teak inch iron plates outside bolts ran interior iron skin area gun ports reinforced inch plates total thickness inches turret roof consisted shaped beams covered inch iron plates holes roof provided ventilation gun captain use aim turret construction letter october navy secretary stephen named yard number north_carolina number mississippi january foreign secretary lord russell notified purchased ships ships prevented sailing form fleet nation currently war transferred ownership french june nominally behalf egyptian government intention transferring confederate flag sea attempting acquire warships plausible north_carolina later hms given cover mississippi later hms received lord prompted protests ambassador charles adams egyptian government directly confirmed merely disguise true ownership vessels admiralty prompted send guard ship hms majestic watch newly launched request begin sea trials september liverpool collector customs instructed let ship leave dock circumstances surveyor customs finally seized ships october legality seizure seriously disputed british government somewhat embarrassed activities alabama ship built son operated commerce confederate navy order discussions legality action british government purchased ships august excess contract price service ships assigned channel_fleet commissioning refitted flying bridge connected forecastle tops turrets sailing rig reduced fore aft rig ship recommissioned tour channel_fleet arrived bermuda november local guard ship proposal remove forecastle masts deck fitting convert harbour defence monitor fire deemed expensive project abandoned point service bermuda rigging removed reduced simple pole masts ship fitted quick firing guns sunk target raised sold february sank tow boston massachusetts burst inch guns people turret injured given sort refit sister ship devonport beginning august ship guard ship hull january october placed reserve year sent hong_kong harbour defence ship ship sold scrap


george_washington george_washington ocean liner built bremen based north german lloyd named george_washington president united_states ship known uss george_washington george_washington service united_states_navy united_states_army respectively world war interwar period reverted original george_washington world war ship known george_washington briefly uss short second stint navy george_washington launched largest german built steamship largest ship world george_washington built emphasize comfort speed appointed class passenger areas ship carry total passengers maiden voyage january new_york june george_washington largest ship participate coronation fleet review united_kingdom newly crowned king george april george_washington passed particularly large south grand banks newfoundland warning ships area including white star line ocean liner sank near location german passenger career contemporary news accounts reported notable persons typically actors singers politicians sailed george_washington outbreak world war george_washington interned neutral united_states country entered conflict april george_washington seized united_states taken use troop transport navy commissioned uss george_washington sailed load american troops december total carried passengers france returned united_states armistice george_washington carried president wilson france twice paris peace conference george_washington decommissioned handed united_states shipping board passenger service george_washington sailed passenger service united_states mail steamship company voyage united_states lines years laid river maryland world war ship commissioned navy uss months operated british lend lease old coal fired engines slow effective combat use conversion oil fired boilers ship chartered army george_washington sailed world duties ship sailed regular service united_kingdom mediterranean laid baltimore ending army service fire january damaged ship severely sold scrapping following month design construction george_washington ocean liner built years vulcan stettin germany present day poland north german lloyd german lloyd intended bremen new_york passenger service ship named george_washington president united_states way ship appealing immigrants majority passengers believed arrival easier ship american george_washington launched november united_states ambassador germany david hill time launch largest ocean liner world line ships george_washington largest german built steamship surpassing hamburg america line victoria held distinction launch hamburg america george_washington completed reported contemporary news accounts gross register tons grt present day sources agree figure grt displacement reported approximately long tons twice displacement british battleship dreadnought powered quadruple expansion steam engines generated horsepower propelled considerably faster knots guaranteed builders designed emphasize comfort speed george_washington engines consumed economical long tons coal daily coal consequently needing space carry liner able carry long tons cargo liner featured stone lloyd system operated bulkhead doors thirteen watertight compartments george_washington accommodations nearly passengers divided second class balance class ship decks typical gave passenger accommodations feel class passenger section included attached liner imperial designed german architect alexander second class class compartments fitted comfortable manner suitable class class public rooms appointed included murals german artist commemorated life times george_washington class passengers visit separate lounge reading room decorated paul story smoking room dining room spanned width ship upper lower floors smoking room joined broad staircase helped according report new_york_times attractive parts class areas dining saloon seated small tables designed red morocco chairs dining room decorated white gold dome rising walls featured floral designs executed blue background class passenger amenities aboard george_washington included gymnasium machines swedish exercises electric elevators didn want exercise open amateur photographers dog master foot decorated green gold flowers kinds open air cafe deck taking dinner coffee second class passengers separate dining room drawing room smoking room class passengers similar amenities north german lloyd passenger service george_washington began maiden voyage june sailing bremen new_york southampton board passengers included german press contingent north german lloyd named consul billed monkey man coming america contract william morris circuit arrival new_york june george_washington greeted official banner league peace singer building docked north german lloyd piers new_jersey coincidentally martha washington ocean liner unrelated austro american line port george_washington docked new_york time june liner hosted press afternoon hosted members daughters american revolution presented commemorative bronze tablet stewart congressman ambassador spoke ceremony tablet placed base staircase class smoking room beginning june north german lloyd opened george_washington public days viewing new ship sailing eastbound journey july george_washington commenced regular service bremen new_york intermediate stops southampton north german lloyd considered washington crew called success soon ordered liner similar slightly larger size june george_washington participated coronation fleet review united_kingdom newly crowned king george stationed head second row merchant ships george_washington dressed occasion reported times far largest ship present headed new_york morning april crew aboard george_washington observed large ship passed south grand banks newfoundland noon ship passed half mile estimated crew feet waterline feet long recording ship position george_washington warning ships area white star steamship nautical miles east george_washington position acknowledged warning radio operators received april george_washington received informed struck hours later nearly position george_washington reported volume chronicle north german lloyd draws comparisons photographed george_washington published book better known photo taken hamburg america line ship suggests photographed reported george_washington notable passengers lloyd career george_washington carried notable interesting passengers europe august sailed bremen bound new_york trip accompanied colleagues february banker appointed edward vii united_kingdom arrived visit united_states prince uncle emperor china departed george_washington imperial day visit new_york chinese imperial flag flew mainmast honor ship departed october henry brother president william howard returned visit europe december arctic explorer frederick cook arrived liner conflicting opinions claims reaching north pole nearly caused fight board voyage cook german actor von arrived stage performances new_york years composer attending debut opera metropolitan opera sailed george_washington early january order attend opera berlin premiere american sculptor george grey returned new_york april amidst controversy works organization called national society protection morals protesting presence nude figures sculptures executed pennsylvania state capitol july saw george_washington transporting sorts liner carrying shipment india white lions elephants destined recently organized saint louis park august men note headed berlin sailed george_washington owner brother company sailed delegate world congress protection held berlin congressman richard charged president deliver statue friedrich von german government sailed statue gift american people philanthropist morgan returned month trip europe november wife followed home month arriving george_washington november crossing mary garden scottish born soprano returning scotland month opera singers rains headed appearances metropolitan opera arrived voyage morgan german soprano berlin royal opera american tenor rains saxon royal opera dresden francis assistant district attorney new_york wilson daughter president wilson sailed november european honeymoon couple white_house traveled george_washington imperial following january english playwright somerset quietly slipped new_york george_washington arrived new_york mid november new_york premiere play land promise world war george_washington continued operating bremen new_york route world war sought refuge new_york neutral port american entry war george_washington taken april towed new_york navy yard conversion transport commissioned september captain command george_washington sailed load troops december years round trip support american expeditionary forces period special president wilson american representatives paris peace conference sailed europe george_washington december crossing protected pennsylvania escorted brest france december battleships destroyers impressive demonstration american naval strength carrying soldiers home george_washington carried assistant secretary navy franklin roosevelt chinese mexican peace commissions france january february returned president wilson united_states president embarked board george_washington march arriving france march picture returned conclusion historic conference july fall george_washington carried group distinguished passengers king albert queen elizabeth belgium party arriving new_york october royal couple paid visit returning brest november subsequently ship decommissioned november having transported passengers europe united_states ship turned united_states shipping board january newspaper started february means relieve stress troops sailors officers aboard ship danger zone written officers previous literary experience produced men printing publishing experience printed small hand press copies issue increased titled reference tale george_washington cherry tree news ship news received radio single sheet newspaper listed ship chaplain managing editor reporters associated_press international news service united press associate editors newspaper pages printed press measured inches newspaper motto tell lie page claimed largest circulation atlantic_ocean interwar passenger service delivery united_states shipping board george_washington transport members american legion france guests french government vessel service chartered mail steamship company voyage europe march company taken government august changed united_states lines george_washington served line route laid river maryland world war george_washington navy use united_states maritime commission january commissioned uss march named honor brigadier general found coal burning engines required speed protection submarines decommissioned september great need ships great_britain took ship lend lease september george_washington found voyage newfoundland aging boilers safely maintain sufficient steam pressure drive engines secondary contributing factor difficulty manning sufficient skilled role having supplanted steady introduction oil fired ships 1930s ship unfit combat service british returned war shipping administration april ship operated general agency agreement steamship mobile alabama voyage panama return september assigned george_washington converted oil brooklyn yard emerged april transport chartered united_states_army voyage new_york troops april july george_washington sailed new_york panama canal los_angeles brisbane australia returning los_angeles sailed september bombay cape_town arrived new_york complete round world voyage december january george_washington began regular service united_kingdom mediterranean carrying troops support allies europe frequent stops southampton liverpool george_washington taken service returned maritime commission april remained tied pier baltimore fire damaged january subsequently sold scrap boston metals corporation baltimore february


schooner independence schooner independence texas navy charles veteran united_states mexican navies visited texas governor henry smith seeking commission new texas navy smith impressed credentials sent new_orleans given task acquiring united_states revenue cutter texas navy early january texas victory battle san april independence carried texas president captive general santa anna treaty negotiated signed refitted new_orleans early died new captain appointed sailed april independence attacked surrendered superior mexican force officers passengers imprisoned ship later commissioned mexican navy served masters service texas revolution january march texas declared independence mexico commodore charles cruised coast galveston destroying considerable number small craft material board injury texas march independence returned new_orleans quickly returned block supplies mexican army retreat sam houston army defeats siege battle battle forced ship texas coast galveston rebel government disarray runaway independence mission defend galveston invasion block resupply santa anna nearby army treaty independence involved important diplomatic missions carrying san president david cabinet santa anna sign treaty battle san june setting sail new_orleans commissioners peter william james board men continued journey washington negotiated united_states recognition independence texas summer independence ship texas navy duty gulf_of_mexico liberty having sold pay cost refurbishment invincible new_york_city repairs mexican authorities recently treaty claiming general santa anna capacity mexico recognize texas independence rumors imminent invasion texas mexico independence carried screening patrol action ordered blockaded fall independence returned new_orleans commodore died smallpox independence sailed new_orleans april texas minister united_states william aboard new captain george left command forced sale liberty battle river cruise independence smooth sailing seven days april encountered mexican war del mouth river initial sighting mexican independence fled river protection small riverside town mexican vessels pursued eventually came cannon range hours later del sixteen pound guns men sailed pound guns pounder men independence guns total raised colors followed fired broadside effect shortly afterward independence fired broadside weather battery pound gun pound guns pivot gun hours independence continued river mexican close pursuit occasionally stopping fire reached captain choice fight end apparently able continue river final engagement took place right small town populace including texas secretary navy samuel fisher far came range captain ordered men engage shots managed damage main mast broadside direction lay dead wounded aboard brig war shots damaged foremast knocked pounders slow mexican ships approached independence head del independence quickly came pistol shots range fired mixture cannon projectiles ball smashed independence quarter gallery wall captain taking fingers right hand severely wounded taken command schooner passed lieutenant john taylor finished moments battle receiving orders surrender action battle taylor surrendered ship imprisoned independence officers eventually escaped released mexican government ship taken service mexican navy new


portland class cruiser portland class heavy cruisers class ships designed constructed united_states_navy ships class uss portland uss indianapolis saw extensive service pacific war world war designed modification previous class cruiser portland class displaced long tons featured heavier armor armament previous cruisers featuring caliber guns designed function fleet portland class intended fix problems armament armor weakness preceding cruisers designs carried following new_orleans class portland cruisers converted mid construction portland served large number engagements including battle coral sea battle midway campaign severely damaged nonetheless able return service later fought battle gulf battle okinawa indianapolis served fleet flagship war fought battle philippine sea battle july transporting components nuclear weapons little boy fat man united_states torpedoed japanese submarine series errors loss discovered days crew survived background portland class class heavy cruiser constructed united_states_navy following washington naval treaty treaty cruisers pensacola class ordered emphasized armament speed expense protection ships followed vessels class ordered heavily armed introduced configuration triple turrets standard navy heavy cruisers portland class modification pensacola designs ordered navy fiscal year portland class originally designated light cruiser given hull classification symbol designated heavy cruiser symbol july armament accordance london naval treaty originally cruisers envisioned modified class vessels eventually portland class remaining eventually modified succeeding new_orleans class design built portland class cruisers feet inches length overall feet long waterline feet inches draft feet feet maximum designed standard displacement tonnes long tons short tons load displacement tonnes long tons short tons completed ship reached weight displacing tonnes long tons short tons tonnes long tons short tons respectively ships featured distinctive funnels foremast small tower pole mast aft light added forward second funnel ship prominent naval director installed aft ships equipped propeller shafts parsons geared turbines yarrow boilers power plant ships generated shaft horsepower ships design speed knots ships designed range nautical miles knots completed ships rolled badly fitted cruisers armed main battery mark caliber guns triple mounts superfiring pair fore aft anti aircraft defense armed caliber guns pounder hotchkiss guns anti aircraft defenses ships upgraded receiving guns portland arranged mounts twin mounts indianapolis mounts ships upgraded cannons torpedo tubes fitted ship class ships outfitted directors housed auxiliary vii portland class originally designed inch deck protection inch protection construction substantially armored ships completed belt armor inches thick magazines inches armored bulkheads inches inches deck armor inches barbettes inches inches conning tower inches additionally portland class cruisers designed space outfitted fleet space admiral staff operate class featured aircraft catapult amidships carry aircraft total crew complement varied regular designed crew complement wartime complement increase cruiser operating fleet flagship comparison previous cruiser designs portland class generally longer class feet featured revised bow shape generally similar class extended forecastle improve sea keeping abilities masts reduced compared class order reduce weight completed pensacola class displaced expected tonnes long tons short tons tonnes long tons short tons expected found greatly protection following class armor protection increased tonnes long tons short tons inches armor main belt ships displaced tonnes long tons short tons tonnes long tons short tons portland class cruisers heavily armored preceding classes problem found significant fiscal year entirely different design formulated new class cruisers new_orleans class portland hulls converted new_orleans hulls construction portland class designed advanced armament mind main guns specially designed fire long point projectiles streamlined shape increased guns range compared older cruiser guns projectiles use ships imperial_japanese_navy point ranged cruisers firepower new_orleans class designed lessons mind intended create better balance protection armament speed construction ships ordered fiscal year constructed builders ordered machinery converted new_orleans class portland laid steel shipyard february indianapolis laid new_york corporation march hull machinery ships provided respective builders indianapolis launched november commissioned november portland launched commissioned february ships class uss portland portland ship scene went coordinated efforts retrieve survivors conducted number fleet maneuvers goodwill missions pacific_ocean start world war portland took battle coral sea rescuing survivors sunk aircraft carrier lexington fought battle midway battle eastern battle santa islands hit air launched torpedoes supported marine landings battle naval battle late struck severely damaged torpedo japanese destroyer hit required interim repairs australia followed extensive repairs mare island navy yard spite damage able inflict damage japanese battleship returning war bombarded islands campaign played supporting role gilbert marshall islands campaign covered landings new_guinea campaign participated battle gulf covered landings philippines supported battle okinawa end war decommissioned remained united_states reserve fleet broken scrap uss indianapolis indianapolis served flagship scouting force world war saw action number campaigns pacific theater supported gilbert marshall island campaigns operations caroline islands later war fought battle philippine sea later battle participating battle okinawa sailed united_states island carrying components little boy fat man nuclear weapons later bomb hiroshima nagasaki sailing captain charles iii sunk japanese submarine july sinking minutes sailors killed sharks wreck estimated crew survived initial sinking signal heard series errors loss discovered august crew spotted reconnaissance plane men recovered following sinking survived survived faced court martial retired rear admiral committing suicide


uss uss fast wooden steamship saw service navy american_civil_war originally privately owned vessel built passenger service new_york new_orleans outbreak civil war purchased navy commissioned uss sent assist blockade confederate ports speed effective pursuit ship capture bring destruction total eighteen blockade runners war postwar period continued serve navy south american waters original owners resumption service passenger ship caught fire burned waterline december construction design built lawrence brooklyn new_york ran line passenger new_york new_orleans tons feet length large steamer time considered fine example type named spanish explorer powered inch bore foot stroke single cylinder vertical beam engine built morgan iron works new_york engine drove pair foot capable delivering mph knots good speed time soon favorite travelling public later prove pursuing blockade runners civil war ship single forward engine masts fore aft fore mast square rigged provide auxiliary sail power commercial service appears entered service august carrying mail passengers new_york new_orleans intermediate stop havana cuba maintain regular service route making round trip month shortly outbreak civil war april ship fast passage days havana new_york april average speed mph time earned reputation fast popular steamship fast run average speed mph june following addition passengers cargo acted news cuba united_states news conveyed mundane character example reports activity havana sugar market interest october instance reported interception sierra cuba illegal slave ship carrying african slaves captain crew slave ship detained local authorities slaves dispersed ashore retrieved engage trade north southern states departed new_york new_orleans april days outbreak civil war confederacy missed opportunity seize vessel returned safely new_york departed new_york havana occasion considered ship continue new_orleans voyage havana june august purchased navy sum conversion american_civil_war gulf blockading squadron new_york navy yard fitted naval service including installation battery consisting pounder rifle pound guns commissioned uss commander william walker placed command steamer sea november ordnance stores fort florida vessels gulf_of_mexico arriving southwest pass mississippi_river december joining gulf blockading squadron time patrolled confederate blockade runners near bay given light winds gulf waters vessel shallow draft steam power gave advantage mainly sail powered prey walker month region began poorly ship collided french war steamer milan south west pass mississippi_river damage slight milan disabled needed tow union anchorage spite initial capture long took schooner major isles louisiana january walker crew discovered barrels gunpowder cases gunpowder percussion caps blockade runner february steamer caught small schooner star taking man crew prisoner western blockading squadron rear admiral david arrival key west florida steam sloop war late february gulf blockading squadron split parts eastern western gulf blockading squadrons came command western blockading squadron time change patrol station louisiana steamer continued blockade operations spring served mobile carrying extra bread ordnance supplies remained early july quick run mississippi_river carrying letters passengers warships participating siege mississippi returning river sailed southeast coast texas patrolling pass river mouth rio repair refit months hot weather lack maintenance facilities took toll boilers returned new_orleans louisiana temporary repairs early october work lack funds forced rear david send north steamer arrived philadelphia navy yard november months repair work followed time walker promoted captain time battery changed inch pounder rifle pound rifles pound stood delaware river february stops havana cuba santo domingo arrived key west florida 15th eastern gulf blockade assigned eastern gulf blockading squadron rear admiral bailey spent march april cruising alabama gulf_of_mexico fast bailey command possessed speed advantage blockade running prey demonstrated april sailors boarded seized jane bright sixteen hours mobile alabama laden cotton general rapid taken day carried cotton prizes sent key west april continued run good luck seizing british schooner route havana cuba patrolling north west warship captured schooner sea bird days later pursued smoke unknown steamer hour chase forced stop open water south mobile bay boats board enemy steamer crew set fires abandoned ship sinking turned confederate steamer cuba beneath waves continued fast pace operations day capturing schooner finally returning key west repairs returning sea mid june luck held captured schooner lady maria north tampa bay july laden cotton 18th cruising near mobile bay spotted steamer closed took steamer james battle laden cotton point screw west gulf blockading squadron closed disappointment chasing blockade runner later evening independently chased second steamer walker closed took william union ship actions mind aquatic bird led dispute prize claims controversy resolved later month rear admiral bailey rear admiral david commander western gulf blockading squadron agreed split prize shares continued patrols gulf_of_mexico month august heat board inspect coastal traffic steamer alice seized august papers steamer taken day reason month wear tear steamer boilers began despite attempts repair steadily lost speed september following hour chase steam sail union ship finally took blockade runner montgomery chase walker claimed taken fourth time boilers good order helped build steam pressure point managed chase screw steamer september returning key west late october received minor repairs captain walker relieved command early november captain scott spending weeks patrolling northeast providence channel bahamas key west early january patrolled mobile bay chased captured steamer cumberland february anglo rebel steamer loaded arms ammunition barrels gunpowder havana late trying slip mobile taken proceeded havana late february dry docking repairs hull taking patrol station east_coast florida mid march month later key west repairs returning familiar hunting grounds southeast mobile bay yellow fever outbreak april crew began coming yellow fever steamer sent north early june arriving portsmouth new_hampshire june normal practice warship decommissioned day crew fever burned january sent baltimore maryland installation new boilers war ended april postwar naval service north_atlantic squadron recommissioned baltimore august captain walker placed command steamer stood norfolk virginia september joined newly organized north_atlantic squadron cruising ground covered atlantic_ocean south west_indies gulf_of_mexico haiti rebellion time haiti fighting government president base cap steamed port safeguard americans residing area october following confrontation rebel steamer providence hms bulldog revolutionaries port seized refugees british viewed gross outrage british flag october despite walker attempts hms bulldog attacked fort guarding harbor batteries town royal_navy steamer ran hard aground inside harbor continued fire cannon sank providence destroyed buildings ashore cold iron immediately walker send boats ashore foreigners short later captain wake hms bulldog asked assistance walker denied boats sick wounded following boiler explosion unable reef british blew warship withdrew harbor boats withdrew day carrying wounded british sailors jamaica putting port prince foreign refugees picked cape american consul walker took cap november negotiated british squadron captain hms hopes bombardment town particularly americans feared act provoke widespread unrest attacks foreigners haiti talks failed november british squadron bombarded town conjunction attack president forces defensive works destroyed town falling government forces rebel leaders took refuge walker carried dominican_republic returned cape eye events december sailed home arriving roads december later south american service days later stood chesapeake_bay river washington navy yard picked letters west_indies steaming south january warship stopped santo domingo port prince havana returning washington 28th remained march proceeded river bay reaching roads april warship placed command captain charles revolutionary disturbances friction haiti dominican_republic continued returned west_indies june arriving port prince 19th steamer patrolled gulf_of_mexico eye unsettled conditions mexico guerrilla war french occupation country remained region rest year returning roads spring earthquake following repair period norfolk navy yard conducted cruise new_orleans june putting philadelphia navy yard june stood delaware river weeks later time sailing mexico mexico september steamer watched french occupation end sailing pensacola florida repairs mid october proceeded south florida coast october stopping tampa bay key west arriving thomas virgin islands november ship company steamer screw sloop war secretary state william plan purchase danish west_indies day arrival magnitude earthquake struck region swept steamer threw ship wharf wave lifted ship carried deep water damaged leaking badly sailors spent days pumping water repairing hull december steamer sailed north danish commissioner board ship arrived norfolk virginia 17th final naval mission completing substantial repairs winter sailed venezuela march secure release crewmen schooner hannah grant captured peninsula learned crew released remained waters support american minister interviews vice president officials republic steamed philadelphia pennsylvania august proceeded new_york navy yard early september decommissioned september return commercial service september original owners known fox thorough returned service commercial steamship operating old route new_york new_orleans port havana maintained monthly service route years december cleared new_orleans new_york collided forced return dock repairs december set new_york cargo cotton sugar barrels travelling miles fire broke onboard steamer beached flat burned waterline ship cargo combined value deemed total loss


uss milwaukee uss milwaukee double milwaukee class river monitor lead ship class built union navy american_civil_war ship supported union forces mobile campaign attacked confederate fortifications defending city mobile alabama early struck march sank loss wreck raised broken scrap construction bridge louis missouri description milwaukee feet long overall beam feet ship depth hold feet inches draft feet tons displaced long tons crew numbered officers enlisted men ship powered cylinder horizontal non steam engines driving propellers steam generated seven tubular boilers engines designed reach speed knots mph milwaukee carried long tons coal ship main armament consisted muzzle loading inch guns mounted twin gun turrets forward turret designed james rear turret john gun weighed approximately pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation cylindrical turrets protected layers wrought iron inch plates sides hull consisted layers inch plates backed inches pine deck heavily allow crew shallow draft consisted iron plates inches thick positioned fore turret protected inches armor construction service james awarded contracts milwaukee class ships laid milwaukee union iron works louis navy ship named wisconsin city launched february commissioned august acting volunteer lieutenant james command milwaukee initially assigned mississippi squadron commissioning saw action ordered south join west gulf blockading squadron ship departed mound city illinois october arrived new_orleans louisiana days later lieutenant commander james relieved november repair november milwaukee reached mobile bay january victory battle mobile bay august closed port mobile blockade runners city taken fortified approaches city heavily mined shallow waters surrounding march milwaukee union ships sortied attempt cut communications spanish fort mobile following day sister ship steamed river attack confederate transport forced retreat returning milwaukee struck area previously swept remained afloat forward permitted crew escape loss sisters rescued survivors wreck raised towed louis broken iron construction bridge mississippi_river


class monitor class monitors pair ironclad river monitors laid summer completion ships spent time patrolling mississippi_river confederate raids rear admiral david porter mississippi squadron ships participated red river campaign march supported capture fort march participated battle blair landing april grounded months end campaign resumed patrols mississippi ship supported union_army operations cumberland river provided fire support battle nashville december refloated repaired transferred west gulf blockading squadron early campaign mobile alabama battle spanish fort march struck rapidly sank ship later salvaged sold decommissioned war remained reserve sold design description original plans class ships designed james resembled city class ironclads draft feet inches successful performance monitor battle roads caused navy revise requirement include gun turret responded impressive design included turret inches armor fully armored draft feet inches navy wanted draft rejected design adopted deck design promised draw feet inches steam powered turret bow funnel later added turret funnel class ships feet long overall beam feet launched proved draft foot deeper planned measured tons ships steam boilers cylinder western type engine drove class ships maximum speed miles hour service carried long tons coal ships main armament consisted inch guns mounted single turret arc fire firing guns tended jam turret modifications guns system gun weighed approximately pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation turret protected inches wrought iron hull inches armor deck armor plates inches thick construction service commissioned cairo illinois completed july left cairo july reached august month surrendered lengthy siege warships patrolled mississippi tributaries prevent confederate raiders flying batteries union supply ships example december confederate shore battery attacked disabled merchant steamer henry von signal steamed defend ship battery march participated unsuccessful red river campaign command rear admiral david porter retreat red river trapped falls alexandria louisiana ironclads mississippi squadron river water level unexpectedly began fall temporary dams known bailey dam built april raise water level high allow ironclads proceed downstream franklin nashville campaign december accompanied ironclad bombarded confederate artillery batteries cumberland river near bell mills tennessee december despite hit times seriously damaged monitor bombarded confederate right wing battle nashville december decommissioned mound city illinois july remained ordinary renamed june renamed august monitor sold mound city david campbell august red river campaign commanded lieutenant commander thomas participated capture fort march shortly beginning campaign successfully defended navy transports attacked battle blair landing april driving confederate forces heavy losses end campaign assigned patrol mississippi_river month grounded near arkansas refloated armor removed rapidly falling water level water began ends middle supported sand caused longitudinal bulkheads split broke hull deck repaired place refloated end november towed mound city permanent repairs transferred west gulf blockading squadron february attack mobile alabama participated battle spanish fort defending mobile east struck previously swept channel sank rapidly march crewmen killed wounded ship later refloated sold auction new_orleans november confederate ships


turtle turtle called american turtle world documented record use combat built old connecticut american david means explosive charges ships harbor designed use british_royal_navy vessels occupying north american american revolutionary war connecticut governor recommended invention george_washington commander chief doubts provided funds support development testing machine attempts turtle explosives british warships new_york harbor failed transport ship sunk later year british submarine aboard claimed eventually recovered machine final fate unknown modern turtle constructed connecticut river museum navy submarine force library museum royal_navy submarine museum museum display development early david yale college freshman patriot began experimenting underwater explosives tensions rise thirteen colonies great_britain practically perfected explosives year began work near old connecticut small manned craft capable charge hull ship charge detonated mechanism released musket firing mechanism probably adapted purpose according benjamin gale doctor taught yale firing mechanism mechanical parts submarine manufactured new haven named named shape turtle resembled large turtle feet long according original specifications feet tall feet wide consisted wooden shells covered tar reinforced steel bands allowing water tank vessel ascended pushing water hand pump propelled vertically horizontally hand propellers pounds lead aboard released moment increase manned operated person vessel contained air thirty minutes speed calm water mph small pieces thick glass submarine provided natural light internal instruments small pieces indicate position dark trials november discovered illumination failed temperature dropped low repeated requests benjamin franklin possible alternatives forthcoming turtle sidelined winter basic design included elements present earlier experimental method raising lowering vessel similar developed watertight connections connections internal external controls come constructed based 17th century italian design preparation use work began receive attention august franklin informed despite insistence secrecy surrounding work news quickly way british loyalist spy working new_york congressman james november coded message william royal governor province new_york brought work british attention details report highly inaccurate implying turtle nearly ready deployed boston harbor fleet british siege effort fact brother testing machine connecticut river spring british withdrew boston offered submarine general george_washington use defense new_york_city washington agreed provided funding inventor prepare vessel deployment august asked general samuel parsons volunteers operate turtle brother operator earlier trials taken ill men chosen taken long_island sound training trials trials went british gained control western long_island august battle long_island british controlled harbor turtle transported overland new hudson_river attack eagle general washington authorized expedition turtle new_york harbor september volunteers sergeant lee took turtle attempt attack admiral richard howe flagship hms eagle moored governors island according lee account turtle towed close felt safe british fleet hours tide possible reach eagle attempt attach explosive failed screw struck metal lee tried tried turn drill achieve penetration popular story held failed copper lining covering ship hull royal_navy recently began installing copper bottoms warships protect damage marine life lining paper thin stopped lee drilling believed lee failure probably iron plate connected ship rudder lee attempted spot hull unable stay beneath ship eventually abandoned attempt likely suffering fatigue carbon dioxide confused unable properly carry process drilling eagle hull lee reported british soldiers governors island spotted rowed investigate released charge called torpedo expecting seize likewise blown suspicious drifting charge british retreated island lee reported charge drifted east river exploded tremendous violence throwing large columns water pieces wood composed high air recorded use submarine attack ship records documenting american british records contain accounts attack submarine reports explosions night supposed attack hms eagle according british naval historian richard hall problems achieving neutral rendered vertical propeller useless route turtle attack eagle slightly tidal stream probability resulted lee exhausted face problems hall suggests entire story fabricated morale propaganda lee carry attack covered rowing boat turtle aftermath october sergeant lee went attempt attach charge frigate anchored manhattan reported ship watch spotted abandoned attempt submarine sunk days later british aboard tender vessel near fort lee new_jersey reported turtle final fate unknown washington called attempt effort genius combination things attempt succeed functional turtle created tested non functioning ones museum displays replica turtle designed joseph constructed fred project marking united_states christened connecticut governor later tested connecticut river replica owned connecticut river museum august men stopped police escorting replica turtle feet queen mary docked cruise ship terminal red hook brooklyn replica created new_york artist philip duke riley residents rhode_island claimed descendant david coast guard issued riley citation having unsafe vessel violating security zone queen mary exterior interior turtle television series turn washington spies image gallery


uss parker uss parker destroyer class destroyer built united_states_navy prior american entry world war ship navy vessel named honor parker navy officer served american_civil_war superintendent united_states naval academy parker laid william sons philadelphia march launched february ship little length standard displacement long tons armed guns torpedo tubes parker powered pair steam turbines propelled mph january commissioning assisted sister ship ship suffered explosion fire rooms april entered world war april parker served escort fourth group american troop convoy war patrolled irish sea ireland parker rescued survivors torpedoed british hospital ship february crew received accolades british parliament admiralty navy officials returning war july parker rejoined atlantic fleet parker decommissioned june struck naval vessel register march ordered scrapped april design construction parker authorized march ships class identical class destroyers authorized time construction vessel like sister ships awarded william sons philadelphia laid keel march february parker launched sponsor henry hand wife vice president shipyard ship navy vessel named parker navy officer served american_civil_war superintendent united_states naval academy founder united_states naval institute built destroyer length drew ship standard displacement long tons displaced long tons fully loaded parker steam turbines drove screw propellers additional pair triple expansion steam engines connected propeller shafts cruising purposes oil burning boilers powered engines generate shp moving ship design speed mph sister ship failed meet design speed july builder trials parker outfitted redesigned propellers exceeded contracted speed trials november topped mph runs delaware parker main battery consisted caliber mark guns gun weighing excess guns fired armor piercing projectiles elevation guns range parker equipped twin mount torpedo tubes pre world war parker commissioned united_states_navy december command lieutenant commander nelson parker attached torpedo flotilla atlantic fleet operating atlantic coast years american neutrality world war april parker sister ships exercising north_carolina coast nmi diamond explosion ripped forward fire room injuring men loaded wounded sailors sped naval hospital norfolk virginia parker took remainder crew injured men died landfall virginia died short time later remained afloat towed norfolk parker navy crews destroyers raised help funeral expenses widow men early april parker destroyer temporarily assigned patrol near new_york_city station concerns field local port collector interned german new_york try slip heavy patrols discovered new_york_times termed widespread conspiracy intended supply british warships outside territorial waters violation american neutrality world war participating winter maneuvers cuban waters early parker joined fleet virginia march immediately prior american entry world war world war entered world war april parker selected overseas duty sailed june escort fourth group american convoy carried units american expeditionary force convoy consisted united_states_army transports edward navy transport escorts addition parker cruisers louis destroyers group departed new_york brest france steaming mph pace thwarted submarine attack convoy group reports heavy submarine activity brest resulted change convoy destination saint convoy arrived july parker steamed ireland joining naval forces patrolling irish coast escorted convoys safely war zone assisted vessels distress july november parker attached base plymouth england operated submarine parker contact german submarines occasions war credited probably seriously damaging enemy submarine august february parker assisted rescuing survivors british hospital ship castle torpedoed german submarine men parker commended british parliament admiralty naval authorities november parker sailed plymouth gibraltar returned plymouth end war postwar returning plymouth armistice signed parker carried mail passengers plymouth brest cruise german ports early implement terms armistice steaming baltic_sea assist members vessels american relief administration parker sailed new_york july arrival assigned destroyer squadron atlantic fleet destroyer based norfolk virginia july parker operating mediterranean played role search american missionary couple paul fisher thought abducted turkish nationalists parker sent demand release pair dispatched messages airplane effect making final cruise newport rhode_island mid parker decommissioned june years reserve ship struck naval vessel register march april ordered scrapped


uss ohio uss ohio maine class battleship pre dreadnought battleship ship class united_states_navy named 17th state laid union iron works shipyard san_francisco april launched commissioned fleet october armed main battery inch guns steam speed knots mph ohio initially served fleet returned united_states december year joined great white fleet world cruise lasted early served atlantic fleet years conducting peacetime training routine sent mexico protect american interests country mexican revolution served training ship america involvement world war thoroughly obsolete time ohio decommissioned july ultimately sold scrap march terms washington naval treaty description ohio feet inches long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons load ship powered shaft triple expansion steam engines rated indicated horsepower coal fired boilers generating speed knots mph built fitted heavy military masts quickly replaced cage masts crew officers enlisted men increased ship armed main battery inch caliber guns twin gun turrets centerline forward aft secondary battery consisted sixteen inch mark guns placed casemates hull close range defense torpedo boats carried inch guns mounted casemates hull pounder guns pounder guns standard capital ships period ohio carried torpedo tubes submerged hull broadside ohio main armored belt thick magazines machinery spaces main battery gun turrets inch thick faces supporting barbettes thickness armor plating exposed sides armor thick protected secondary battery conning tower thick sides service history ohio final member maine class pre dreadnought battleships second ship laid built union iron works san_francisco keel laid april launched commissioned october entered service ohio assigned flagship fleet left san_francisco april bound manila philippines new battleship arrived party secretary war william howard came aboard tour east asia including stops japan china ohio returned united_states transferred atlantic fleet rest atlantic fleet battleships held naval review president roosevelt roads virginia mark start cruise great white fleet december following day fleet steamed roads cruised south caribbean south_america making stops port spain rio_de_janeiro arenas cities arriving mexico march fleet spent weeks conducting gunnery practice fleet resumed voyage pacific_coast americas stopping san_francisco seattle crossing pacific australia stopping hawaii way stops south pacific included melbourne sydney leaving australia fleet turned north philippines stopping manila continuing japan welcoming ceremony held weeks exercises followed bay philippines november ships passed singapore december entered indian_ocean proceeding suez_canal port said egypt fleet called mediterranean ports stopping gibraltar international fleet british russian french dutch warships greeted americans ships crossed atlantic return roads february having traveled nautical miles conducted naval review roosevelt following conclusion ceremonies ohio proceeded new_york based following years time spent conducting normal peacetime training fleet assisting training new_york naval militia conditions mexican civil war prompted united_states begin intervening conflict ohio sent mexican waters early year protect american interests country returned east_coast united_states conduct training cruise naval academy completing cruise ohio transferred reserve fleet based philadelphia returned service conduct additional cruises summers united_states initially remained neutral world war early tensions germany rose submarine warfare campaign began sink american merchants ships april united_states declared war germany 24th ohio recommissioned based norfolk tasked training crews rapidly expanding wartime fleet service included gunnery training june involved significant accident gunnery practice battleships new_hampshire louisiana gunners aboard new_hampshire accidentally began firing pair submarine ohio issued cease fire warning immediately received aboard new_hampshire shell struck louisiana ships stopped assess damage aboard ohio reported enemy submarine prompting secondary batteries ohio new_hampshire submarine found evidence submarine investigating scene following german surrender november battleships atlantic fleet transports ferry american soldiers france ohio sisters employed owing short range small size permit sufficient additional accommodations instead sent philadelphia november remained inactive january placed reserve july ship reclassified following washington naval treaty mandated significant reductions naval armaments ohio stricken naval register sold scrap march


uss uss class monitor built united_states_navy american_civil_war intended forthcoming operations confederate fortifications guarding mobile bay rear admiral david west gulf blockading squadron temporarily assigned james river flotilla april ship helped plant obstacles river engaged confederate artillery batteries june sunk august battle mobile bay struck ship capsized rests upside northwest fort morgan institution surveyed wreck intent raising ultimately decided project funding withdrawn plans raise wreck fallen description construction ship feet long overall beam feet inches maximum draft feet inches tons displaced long tons crew consisted officers enlisted men powered cylinder horizontal steam engine drove propeller steam generated horizontal fire tube boilers indicated horsepower engine gave ship speed knots mph carried long tons coal main armament consisted muzzle loading inch guns mounted single gun turret gun weighed approximately pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation exposed sides hull protected layers inch wrought iron plates backed wood armor gun turret pilot house consisted layers inch plates ship deck protected armor inches thick inch soft iron band fitted base turret prevent shells fragments turret happened older class monitors battle charleston harbor april base funnel ship protected height feet inches armor rifle screen inch armor feet high installed turret protected crew confederate based suggestion commander contract named indian chief awarded charles ship laid primary joseph jersey city new_jersey shipyard launched september commissioned april command ship construction delayed multiple changes ordered built reflected battle experience earlier monitors included rebuilding turrets pilot houses increase armor thickness inches inches replace bolts secured armor plates prevent knocked loose shock impact shells striking turret changes included deepening hull inches increase ship moving position turret balance ship trim replacing ship deck armor service commissioning ship ordered join north_atlantic blockading squadron newport news arrived april ordered protect transports conveying major general benjamin butler army james james river beginning bermuda campaign prevent confederate warships coming james union forces blocked channel mid june sank schooner laid boom river effort june commander spotted line enemy building farm ship opened fire workers replied battery guns near sisters joined bombardment half hour later confederate ships near dutch gap joined fire ineffective firing union monitors engagement fired inch shells hit confederate shells claimed destruction gun days battle sailed james norfolk ran aground route wire steering ropes broke having burned half way heat boilers refloated hours later spend week norfolk making repairs taking supplies july ship got underway pensacola florida join west gulf blockading squadron towed wheel ship engine route required week repairs port royal south_carolina turn engine problems arrived pensacola july towed wheel monitor arrived mobile bay evening august ship intended role battle sister manhattan ironclad ram tennessee away vulnerable wooden ships passing fort morgan sink river monitors engage fort wooden ships passed monitors form starboard column ships closest fort morgan lead wooden ships formed separate column port eastern channel closest fort morgan free obstacles torpedoes known present west prominent black channel opened fire morgan lighthouse test guns held fire began shoot ships columns time confederate ships positioned mouth channel tennessee facing unprotected started shooting yards away tennessee think intercept confederate ironclad entered channel passed field torpedoes mines called time ship poor ordered pilot steer directly tennessee minutes later struck torpedo yards tennessee sank seconds pilot john collins arrived foot ladder leading main deck simultaneously water stepped saying pilot unable follow safety monitor capsized including crew went ship commander james dispatched boat commanded acting ensign henry rescue survivors successfully rescued men including pilot delivered seven survivors reached boats men swam ashore captured post war ship capsized sank rests upside feet water yards northwest fort morgan august salvage rights wreck sold department treasury james slaughter purchase slaughter announced intended use explosives blast wreck pieces relatives men lost petitioned congress stop salvage congress quickly passed joint resolution august directing secretary treasury return slaughter interest secretary navy assume control wreck empowered protect congress stipulated salvage efforts provide proper removal burial vessel dead crewmen mid-1960s institution formed project team intended raise ship centerpiece planned national armed forces museum park washington team found wreck february capsized buried fort morgan primary donor forced funding project suspended survey archaeologists east university reported hull covered crust nominal surface deterioration present jack friend mobile naval historian commissioned examine feasibility raising concluded cost estimated million modern estimates determined salvage conservation cost million divers institution recovered anchor dishes ship dining hall variety artifacts expedition engine room removed currently display roads naval museum wreck site marked coast guard surveillance pending continued preservation efforts considered war grave disturbed permission secretary navy


uss florida uss florida lead ship florida class dreadnought battleships united_states_navy sister ship utah florida laid new_york navy yard march launched commissioned navy september armed main battery inch guns similar design preceding delaware class battleships florida ships arrive united_states occupation veracruz early crew joined landing party occupied city assigned united_states battleship division american entrance world war april division sent europe reinforce british grand_fleet war florida rest unit reassigned 6th battle squadron grand_fleet conducted patrols north_sea escorted convoys norway saw action german high_seas_fleet florida returned normal peacetime duties heavily modernized including complete overhaul propulsion system remained service london naval treaty signed terms treaty florida utah removed active service florida decommissioned scrapped year philadelphia design florida long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons combat load ship powered shaft parsons steam turbines rated shp coal fired boilers generating speed mph ship cruising range nmi speed mph crew officers men ship armed main battery inch caliber mark guns twin mark gun turrets centerline placed superfiring pair forward turrets placed aft superstructure secondary battery consisted sixteen inch caliber guns mounted casemates hull standard capital ships period carried pair inch torpedo tubes submerged hull broadside main armored belt thick armored deck thick gun turrets thick faces conning tower thick sides service history florida laid new_york navy yard march launched commissioned navy september spent months training cruises caribbean maine moved roads join atlantic fleet arrived march flagship 1st battleship division years participated normal routine peacetime exercises division squadron entire atlantic fleet conducted extensive gunnery training took naval academy training cruises early mexican revolution united_states intervened fighting occupied veracruz florida sister utah capital ships arrive veracruz february ships prairie landed total contingent thousand marines begin occupation city april days marines battled mexican defenders city suffered ninety casualties dead killing hundreds return fourteen men florida crew won medal honor actions battle july florida departed mexican waters return normal fleet operations october reassigned 2nd battleship division world war april united_states declared war germany submarine warfare campaign florida participated wartime readiness exercises steaming atlantic battleship division division consisted florida new_york wyoming delaware left united_states november division sent european waters reinforce british grand_fleet north_sea arriving scapa_flow battleship division 6th battle squadron grand_fleet starting late germans begun use surface raiders attack british convoys scandinavia forced british send squadrons grand_fleet escort convoys february 6th battle squadron british destroyers escorted convoy merchant ships norway operation florida reported spotting boat commander wyoming later argued issued rest squadron false reports squadron scapa_flow february delaware escorted convoys march april march convoy florida wyoming texas destroyers separated convoy heavy fog relocated following morning fog lifted squadron returned scapa_flow march april german high_seas_fleet sortied intercept convoys hope cutting destroying escorting battleship squadron florida rest grand_fleet left scapa_flow april attempt intercept germans high_seas_fleet broken operation way port june 6th squadron cruising north_sea support laying operation patrol florida ships fired incorrectly believed boat wakes early november spanish flu spread grand_fleet florida ship american contingent virus november florida rest grand_fleet high_seas_fleet interned scapa_flow following armistice germany ended war shortly florida replaced newly commissioned nevada florida joined passenger ship george_washington december carrying president wilson way france participate peace negotiations ships arrived brest france december florida returned united_states present victory naval review north river new_york_city end december inter war period florida returned normal peacetime duties january arrived norfolk 4th steamed azores weather observations navy aerial crossing atlantic august florida present anniversary pilgrims landing massachusetts december good cruise south_america secretary state aboard years conducted amphibious operation training marine_corps caribbean florida participated normal routine exercises cruises period flagship commander control force fleet early florida took fleet problem iii maneuvers sister utah acted stand ins new colorado class battleships june florida taken service modernization boston navy yard lasted april november reconstruction deck armor strengthened anti torpedo installed increase resistance underwater damage secondary battery rearranged improve efficiency inch guns mounted removed white oil fired models removed battleships battlecruisers scrapped result washington naval treaty parsons turbines replaced new curtis geared turbines funnels stack rear mast replaced pole mast moved aft submerged torpedo tubes removed florida remained service years modernized form participated joint army navy coast defense exercises june terms london naval treaty reduced battle fleets countries disposed sister utah arkansas wyoming wyoming second affected vessel use training ship accordingly decommissioned february philadelphia naval yard broken philadelphia later year ton ship bell saved transported university florida installed clock atop classroom building clock removed early 1950s bell storage installed atop stands north end zone florida field traditionally fans conclusion victory florida football team stadium underwent successive expansions renovations bell moved location north end zone removed stadium restored housed lobby museum florida history


uss minnesota uss minnesota fifth connecticut class pre dreadnought battleships second ship united_states_navy honor 32nd state laid newport news company newport news virginia october launched april commissioned fleet march months revolutionary british battleship hms dreadnought entered service minnesota armed main battery inch guns secondary battery guns unlike dreadnought carried big gun armament rendered ships like minnesota shortly entered service minnesota joined great white fleet globe years uneventful ship began involved conflicts caribbean supported efforts insurrection cuba patrolled coast mexico mexican revolution ship placed reserve quickly returned service united_states entered world war april war trained naval personnel cruising eastern coast united_states september struck naval laid german boat extensive damage required lengthy repairs kept service rest war helped return american soldiers europe resuming training ship duties decommissioned december broken scrap philadelphia navy yard design minnesota long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons load ship powered shaft triple expansion steam engines rated indicated horsepower coal fired boilers generating speed knots mph built fitted heavy military masts quickly replaced masts crew officers men increased later ship armed main battery inch mark guns twin gun turrets centerline forward aft secondary battery consisted inch guns inch guns inch guns mounted twin turrets amidships inch guns placed casemates hull close range defense torpedo boats carried inch guns mounted casemates hull pounder guns carried pounder guns standard capital ships period minnesota carried torpedo tubes submerged hull broadside minnesota main armored belt thick magazines machinery spaces main battery gun turrets inch thick faces supporting barbettes armor plating secondary turrets frontal armor conning tower thick sides service history keel minnesota laid newport news company newport news virginia october completed hull launched april launching ceremony christened rose marie daughter member minnesota senate ship commissioned navy march captain john commanding officer ship conducted cruise coast new_england attending exposition commemoration anniversary colony permanent english settlement americas present ceremony april september december minnesota steamed roads great white fleet globe cruise intended force japan united_states rival pacific assert united_states status global naval power convince congress need support increased naval expenditures fleet cruised south caribbean south_america making stops port spain rio_de_janeiro arenas cities arriving mexico march fleet spent weeks conducting gunnery practice fleet resumed voyage pacific_coast americas stopping san_francisco seattle crossing pacific australia stopping hawaii way stops south pacific included melbourne sydney fleet turned north philippines stopping manila continuing japan welcoming ceremony held weeks exercises followed bay philippines november ships passed singapore december entered indian_ocean proceeding suez_canal port said egypt fleet called mediterranean ports stopping gibraltar international fleet british russian french dutch warships greeted americans ships crossed atlantic return roads february having traveled nautical miles conducted naval review president roosevelt return minnesota assigned atlantic fleet spent following years eastern coast united_states conducting peacetime routine training cruises apart voyage english channel starting ship began operate caribbean particularly unrest began break countries region months patrolled cuban waters went base bay support suppression insurrection island june mid patrolled eastern coast mexico mexican revolution returned january august october december period united_states occupied veracruz protect interests minnesota returned united_states resumed previous routine training exercises occasional cruises caribbean november placed reserve flagship reserve force atlantic fleet minnesota returned active service united_states declared war germany april entering world war assigned division battleship force based sound chesapeake_bay spent war training ship gunners engine room personnel time vice admiral albert grant commander battleship force instituted program reinforce bulkheads ships command improved ability absorb underwater damage remain afloat september cruising island destroyer uss israel struck naval laid boat inflicted damage caused casualties explosion tore hole hull frame frame keel edge armor belt bow flooded repaired bulkheads prevented flooding spreading reduced speed knots mph minnesota philadelphia navy yard repairs effected work lasted months time germany signed armistice ended war march minnesota returned service cruiser transport force making trips brest france bring american soldiers europe course brought men duty ended july ship spent years training ship naval academy conducted summer cruises decommissioned december stricken naval vessel register day sold scrap january minnesota broken scrap philadelphia navy yard


uss uss single class monitor built union navy american_civil_war completed shortly end war laid sold builders peru renamed ship participated defense war pacific town taken chilean troops scuttled prevent capture later refloated storage hulk scrapped early 20th century description construction ship feet long overall beam feet inches maximum draft feet inches tons displaced long tons crew consisted officers enlisted men powered cylinder horizontal steam engine drove propeller steam generated horizontal fire tube boilers indicated horsepower engine gave ship speed knots mph carried long tons coal main armament consisted muzzle loading inch guns mounted single gun turret gun weighed approximately pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation exposed sides hull protected layers inch wrought iron plates backed wood armor gun turret pilot house consisted layers inch plates ship deck protected armor inches thick inch soft iron band fitted base turret prevent shells fragments turret happened earlier monitors battle charleston harbor april base funnel ship protected height feet inches armor rifle screen inch armor feet high installed turret protect crew confederate based suggestion commander captain sister ship contract navy ship named river north_carolina awarded alexander swift company ship laid cincinnati ohio shipyard launched april turned navy june ship construction delayed multiple changes ordered built reflected battle experience earlier monitors included rebuilding turrets pilot houses increase armor thickness inches inches replace bolts secured armor plates prevent knocked loose shock impact shells striking turret changes included deepening hull inches increase ship moving position turret balance ship trim replacing ship deck armor completion ship delayed low depth ohio river prevented movement cincinnati december finish fitting river finally rose march allowing ship reach mound city illinois march placed ordinary completion sisters ships needed deep water berth moved opposite cairo illinois anchored main channel struck debris drifting ice vulnerable accidents anchor chain broken march struck barges monitor collided ships dragged miles downstream brought control persistent problem navy finally decided ships new_orleans august navy turned swift contingent guarantee returned good shape sold company began service october agent swift negotiated deal peru purchase sister million dollars apiece secretary navy initially indicated company pair government costs build changed mind said authority congress debated issue ultimately decided board officers highest competitive bid equal excess value accepted ship sold possibly rigged bid april renamed emperor ruler empire prepare ship lengthy voyage peru cape horn swift added bow stepped masts fore aft rig supplement engine provided deck openings water tight going united_states negotiating great_britain compensation losses inflicted british ships sold confederacy civil war alabama claims peru involved war spain islands war willing prejudice claims united_kingdom performing similar action power negotiations issue delayed departure monitors january peru bought reyes tow monitors reached pensacola florida machinery forced wait days repairs completed route key west bahamas ships separated heavy weather reached great bahamas able resupply officers pay ships finally reunited thomas virgin islands wait arrive peru tow monitor accidentally rammed sunk reyes storm entering rio_de_janeiro night september ran aground refloated following day damage required months repair ships joined steam corvette time reached january towed peru defend port rebel ironclad civil war war pacific chile began stationed december chilean fleet started firing ranges miles escorted sortied fight long range battle chilean fleet failed inflict damage chilean ships january crew forced ship prevent capture chilean forces advanced city war monitor salvaged storage hulk finally broken early 20th century