hall simpson major general hall simpson april august australian_army officer rose rank major general signal officer chief second world war founders largest retail chain australia simpson joined australian imperial force served western battle battle twice wounded mentioned despatches awarded military cross war worked rose rank colonel militia transferred australian corps signals formation second world war participated campaigns greece syria chief signals officer corps returned australia australian_army signal officer chief australian corps signals officer reach rank major general early life hall simpson born victoria april son simpson wife elizabeth simpson née jordan educated primary school grammar school grammar simpson joined australian_army cadets rising rank sergeant leaving school apprentice served 49th battalion commissioned second lieutenant march assistant adjutant april promoted lieutenant july world war simpson commissioned second lieutenant australian imperial force posted 3rd pioneer battalion 3rd division raised australia embarked port melbourne transport june arriving england july 3rd division trained salisbury plain england promoted lieutenant october transferred 3rd division signal company november soon 3rd division moved western moving line near simpson mentioned despatches january 3rd division carried offensive battle june battle simpson awarded military cross citation read conspicuous gallantry devotion duty organised brigade signal service thoroughly communication maintained unit continually shell fire personally supervised repairs vigorous cheerful manner ranks highest degree simpson participated battle wounded evacuated england october hospital applied months leave return australia complete studies passed intermediate examination leaving australia final examination granted embarked home transport december passed final examination registered july returned appointment terminated august wars simpson remained army posted 14th infantry october promoted captain april post war reorganisation army 14th absorbed 14th infantry battalion march transferred royal australian engineers joined 3rd division signals company promoted major july commander rank lieutenant colonel september january signal units separated engineers form australian corps signals transferred new corps commanded 39th infantry battalion july june list years resuming command 3rd division signals company assumed command 6th infantry brigade temporary rank colonel simpson opened chemist shop west august married jean elizabeth watson church victoria marriage produced children son died infancy daughter jean witnesses wedding ceremony fellow militia officer later married jean sister simpson banded moore create allied master australia ltd today better known invited join compete growing market power major retailers business grew members today largest retail chain australia second world war middle_east simpson joined second australian imperial force october rank lieutenant colonel allocated service number assumed command australian corps signals corps formed april lieutenant general sir thomas appointed commander simpson chief signals officer promotion rank colonel simpson embarked transport holland september arriving egypt october met british counterparts discussed arrangements creation signals school middle_east negotiation required proposal finally accepted disappointed standard training achieved corps 6th division signals units middle_east disappointed reinforcements arriving australia standard training units establishment schools intended remedy situation hampered shortage equipment 6th division list critical means restricted signals equipment included miles electrical cable january 6th division committed battle libya cable available australia units equipped captured enemy simpson arrived greece march corps advance party battle greece presented major challenge simpson signals units rugged terrain enemy action frequent troop movements efforts maintain reliable communications news yugoslavia offered surrender reached bbc broadcast april picked receiver built case simpson insisted signals equipment lost fighting destroyed following order evacuate greece simpson embarked crete hms april took flying boat alexandria priority arrival arranging lost equipment replaced shortage signals equipment important factor delay committing corps syria lebanon campaign clear general sir henry wilson adequately control operations headquarters king david hotel jerusalem battle terrain hills atmospheric conditions reception difficult radio operations hills shortages cable task difficult mentioned dispatches commander order british_empire maintenance communications difficult conditions campaign simpson promoted rank brigadier september officer australian corps signals reach rank involved motor vehicle accident september suffered severe concussion broken rib finger taken 1st general hospital evacuated australia hospital ship returned middle_east air arriving january south west pacific days simpson heading east taking flying boat joined advance party corps sent middle_east dutch_east_indies counter japanese threat met local authorities signals arrangements defence java soon hand tactical situation rapidly deteriorated extent corps ordered leave java february simpson departed troop ship arrived adelaide march appointed commander chief australian military forces march instituted sweeping reorganisation army replacing officers men experience middle_east simpson signal officer chief april rank major general australian corps signals officer reach rank simpson tasks chief signals officer general douglas general headquarters south west pacific area brigadier general akin established mechanisms divide responsibility theatre communications armies worked projects important outcome meeting creation central bureau combined signals intelligence organisation simpson thinking organisation appreciation signals intelligence time deputy commander chief middle_east readily gave support slow start signals intelligence important element war south west pacific simpson ambitious project laying submarine cable cape york new_guinea cable laying ship chartered old cables ran bass lifted laid october land connections completed december possible send message way melbourne port simpson inspection tour new_guinea hand message november visited netherlands belgium france returning australia united_states canada man signals units simpson sought obtain australian women army service personnel special signal training battalions activated cater simpson inspected 2nd signal training battalion grammar school lieutenant colonel july australian corps signals numbered men women large numbers women serving signals units caused friction simpson degree control exercised aware signals usually forgotten best work simpson attempted obtain accolades corps held ceremonial melbourne celebrate day day august attempted title royal granted recognition wartime service occurred november later life simpson handed position signal officer chief brigadier placed retired list honorary rank major general december served colonel commandant australian corps signals southern command june june colonel commandant corps september december appointed director columbia company australia simpson keen supporter football club serving vice president awarded life membership elected victorian state president australian legion servicemen women resigned october dispute state council suspension members communists simpson opposed simpson communist far organised association clandestine right wing paramilitary organisation headed established counter possible communist coup association disbanded death legacy simpson died cancer hospital august survived wife daughter buried cemetery funeral service church brighton victoria included lieutenant general sir herring major general simpson barracks melbourne named honour considered home royal australian corps signals contains defence force school signals royal australian corps signals museum


william rear admiral william september march officer united_states_navy served world war world war graduate united_states naval academy captained destroyers world war awarded navy cross role protecting convoys german submarines commander uss promoted rear admiral november world war chief staff ill fated fleet start pacific war later served assistant chief naval operations navy representative joint committee new weapons equipment september navy representative military policy committee man committee oversaw manhattan_project helped coordinate activities navy travelled representative military policy committee coordinated preparations atomic bombing hiroshima nagasaki senior army navy commanders pacific retired navy died early life william born bowling green missouri september graduated united_states naval academy commissioned ensign world war commanded destroyers uss uss uss uss montgomery services awarded navy cross citation read president united_states_of_america takes pleasure presenting navy cross lieutenant commander william united_states_navy distinguished service line profession commanding officer uss engaged important hazardous duty patrolling waters infested enemy submarines mines escorting protecting important convoys troops supplies waters offensive defensive action vigorously prosecuted forms enemy naval activity world war january serving married dodge daughter walter dodge wife son william war commanded tanker uss alternating duty afloat service ashore secretary general board commanded cruiser uss new_orleans january december world war chief staff admiral thomas hart fleet represented united_states planning conference singapore april american british dutch australian new_zealand commanders attempted coordinate plans increasingly likely war japan promoted rear admiral november december played golf hart war broke morning japanese advanced quickly fleet moved philippines java january japanese closed java flew february australia chief staff vice admiral william commander naval forces southwest pacific departed took place left australia june duty washington office commander chief united_states fleet admiral king services awarded navy distinguished service medal citation read president united_states_of_america authorized act congress july takes pleasure presenting navy distinguished service medal rear admiral william united_states_navy especially service chief staff commander chief fleet commander forces southwest pacific outbreak war duties involving great responsibility connected plans counseling application aid directing execution especially offensive missions forces command resulted substantial damage enemy skill displayed negotiating dealing commanders allied forces world war deputy chief naval operations navy representative joint committee new weapons equipment september navy representative military policy committee man committee oversaw manhattan_project helped coordinate activities manhattan_project navy particularly navy thermal research helped provide scientists technicians navy project february arranged commander frederick guam brief fleet admiral chester project provided letter king stressing project importance need secrecy selected base site manhattan_project operations inspected facilities guam chose harbor suffered congestion extensive base development work ships took months director manhattan_project major general went arranged order king stating shipments related manhattan_project composite group immediately arrival regardless consequent disruption port operations problems like value having high ranking officers hand deal local commanders decisions spot necessary drawing organization command manhattan_project operations agreed present representative military policy committee personal representative admiral king joined brigadier general thomas manhattan_project deputy operations shared responsibility coordinating manhattan_project activities senior army navy commanders pacific captain william parsons director project alberta formed informally known joint chiefs proponent idea atomic attacks following quickly required end war discussed number times knew ground wrote unnecessary delay exploiting success bombing hiroshima main difficulty second mission scheduled august weather predicted good august bad days starting august parsons agreed work assembly team clock fat man bomb ready evening august major charles took mission took aside asked knew bomb cost know told billion asked knew aircraft worth know half million dollars told suggest relative values mind mission later life war served member army navy evaluation board operation crossroads retired navy october moved alto california died march buried golden gate national cemetery survived wife dodge son william


lieutenant general sir hugh october april senior officer australian_army served world war second world war korean war graduates royal military college reach ranks major general lieutenant general world war served 10th light horse gallipoli campaign including disastrous battle regiment wiped later participated palestine campaign captured turkish army general awarded distinguished service order second world war led 19th infantry brigade battle accepted surrender italian navy later commanded 1st armoured division western_australia final weeks war commanded troops closing stages new britain campaign campaign end war accepted surrender japanese lieutenant general following war commanded british commonwealth occupation force occupation japan british commonwealth forces korea korean war key figure establishing australian armoured corps headquarters darwin named barracks honour early life hugh born victoria october sixth child john state school teacher wife anne née grey educated state school april went college nicknamed red fellow hair colour contrast older brother john black october took entrance examination royal military college accepted second intake cadets class commissioned january outbreak world war august caused graduated early commissioned lieutenant permanent military forces australian imperial force november november married private service registry office ceremony kept secret time junior officers required army permission marry age received later claim married marriage produced children world war major general william bridges decided cadets finished training split posted units regimental staff officers posted 10th light horse machine gun officer seven members class 3rd light horse brigade end august dead 10th light horse concentrated western_australia departing middle_east transport february arriving alexandria egypt march regiment moved camp near cairo 3rd light horse brigade began moving horses gallipoli preceded machine gun sections embarked alexandria gallipoli machine guns provide additional firepower machine guns support disastrous battle august 10th light horse casualties promoted captain second command squadron assumed command squadron august led fighting hill day 10th light horse reorganised returning egypt january assumed command squadron rank major far graduates promoted major result policy aimed giving broad range experience benefit post war army allowing accumulation young officers high rank reduced post war army sufficient posts substantive rank remained lieutenant promoted substantive rank captain september promotion major come july battle colonel wounded took command 10th light horse awarded distinguished service order actions battle citation read distinguished service field led mounted change officer enter enemy trenches officer exceptional organising training powers thoroughly deserves reward men took turkish prisoners including senior officer engineers insisted surrender sword australian officer charge disappointed discover youthful major handed february attached desert column staff officer sent staff school egypt march suffered broken leg riding accident hospitalised months returned staff school finally graduated june posted newly formed mounted division general staff officer grade march posted headquarters delta force cairo disbanded april deputy assistant adjutant general headquarters cairo january assistant adjutant general returned australia july addition distinguished service order twice mentioned despatches awarded order 4th class sultan egypt wars returning australia brigade major 7th light horse brigade september posted staff 3rd military district 2nd cavalry division 3rd division april sat passed entrance examination staff college class included majors arthur john lieutenant colonel harry eventually australian graduate grade pass went attend series shorter training courses britain attended school kent machine gun school wiltshire artillery college anti gas school anti aircraft school kent royal tank corps school returned australia chief instructor small arms school new_south_wales following retirement general sir harry posted 7th infantry brigade brigade major brigade major 1st cavalry brigade queensland returned sydney february general staff officer grade 2nd district base june appointed director military art royal military college transferred victoria barracks sydney cost cutting measure great depression returned canberra returned finally lieutenant colonel june rank substantive july like regular officers opposed singapore strategy defence policy government day said publicly british_army quarterly argued local defence australia land air units naval theorist admiral sir richmond responding arguments editorial pointed local defence fragment british_empire defence effort secure sea lanes view weakness royal_navy richmond forced approach second world war libya march appointed commander 7th military district encompassed northern territory command world war promoted temporary rank colonel august substantive november job involved cooperation royal australian navy royal_australian_air_force administration company regular soldiers known darwin mobile force second world war began september responsible supplying 7th military district volunteers second australian imperial force strike waterfront saw committing troops help cargo april joined second rank brigadier allocated service number appointed command 19th infantry brigade formed units surplus reduction 6th division infantry battalions battalions 4th 8th 11th infantry battalions initially commanded age officers commander 4th replaced august initially received cool reception disappointed unable select battalion commanders soon good impression went leave october recommended act brigade commander despite fact youngest junior battalion chiefs battle brought fore hostility regular officers frank 6th division general staff officer grade deputy assistant adjutant general eager staff corps officers good commanders expense old style like stanley better pushed 19th infantry brigade reserve committed attack 17th infantry brigade slowed abrupt manner generated 19th infantry brigade advanced attack fortified town proceeded similar lines 16th infantry break position time 19th infantry brigade carry exploitation phase contribution plan increase tempo attack carried pause exploitation carried initial break complete accepted surrender fortress commander later admiral italian naval commander comments red headed australian brigadier headlines britain senior officers rarely spoke media critics felt ego control following entry 19th infantry brigade february declared stout ships bearing rome hall campaign commander order british_empire later month hospitalised veins leg broken replaced commander 19th infantry brigade recovered given responsibility training reinforcements middle_east service field long experience training troops ideal candidate post services mentioned despatches time defence australia time outbreak war japan senior officers distinguished records middle_east recalled australia lead militia formations fill important staff posts recalled command 1st cavalry division january march unusual event occurred major generals herring brigadier fearing gordon bennett john appointed commander chief approached minister army frank proposal view danger invasion australia officers age immediately retired appointed commander chief reflected extraordinary endorsement colleagues favourable opinion universally held sydney later explained sydney unaware going thing saying peace virtues war replied counted virtues time prepared revolt generals collapsed welcome news returning middle_east commander chief reorganisation army followed appointed command 1st armoured division initially 1st armoured division key role defence australia mobile reserve partly trained equipped representing major challenge trainer troops prospect invasion australia remote 1st armoured division sent western_australia january bennett iii corps area 1st armoured division slowly broken disbanded nation investment training armoured warfare arranged officers british 7th armoured division europe following disbandment 1st armoured division took command 2nd division division western_australia bennett retirement iii corps april disbanded june took western command army reached greatest extent size faced limited number senior appointments senior officers needed fill faced public political criticism senior officers including bennett troublesome potential rivals sent western_australia escape comment likely recalled concerns health hospitalised internal july sent eastern states joined brigadier commandant conducting inquiry future training organisation royal military college report submitted january called number reforms significant regular officers alternate staff regimental duties new_guinea april returned field replacing commander 5th division engaged final stages new britain campaign july commander 6th division leading final days campaign september accepted surrender lieutenant general japanese eighteenth army december took command army select number australians command formation paper rank lieutenant general final campaigns mentioned despatches fourth time post war career british commonwealth occupation force returned australia march southern command june appointed replace lieutenant general john commander british commonwealth occupation force occupation japan negotiated agreement january general army douglas governed terms conditions occupy japan agreed serve american command american policy followed remained occupation work poor relationship british component commander major general david resented placed australian officer occur later wrote officers british indian armies looked australia new_zealand looked indians prepared avoid publicly commanded british government principal interest japan renew pre war trade concessions secure new ones particularly interested port city americans blocked attempts clashed repeatedly lieutenant general sir charles official representative prime minister united_kingdom nominally senior rank march promoted substantive rank lieutenant general january resisted requests aircraft personal purposes korean war winding contingents australians departed australians preparing leave services commander created knight commander order british_empire military division king birthday honours list intended travel london invested king george plans disrupted outbreak korean war june passed australian government requests assistance agreed committed frigate squadron raaf authorised deploy 3rd battalion royal australian regiment considered risks great built british commonwealth forces korea british government hoped americans supply support realised impossible army stretched limit supporting army republic korea british commonwealth equipment different respects british_army meet needs creating hoc arrangements requesting support chief general staff sydney sent cable british counterpart field marshal sir william slim warning people suffer soldiers slim agreed maintenance area established korea support commonwealth forces drew resources american sources petrol oil engineer stores casualty evacuation port operations rest japan british government wish interests japan foreign officer british chiefs staff appointed air vice marshal cecil representative headquarters brief clear responsibility authority commonwealth forces korea ordering 27th british commonwealth brigade transport heavy equipment annoyance attempt acting solely liaison officer following dismissal general douglas held press conference defended general conduct war constituted implicit condemnation british government policy soon battle river consulted americans possible consequences loss 1st battalion gloucestershire regiment advised rest corps line rescue attempt services korean war awarded american legion merit south korean order military merit later life recalled australia november replacing sir herring director general recruiting january took southern command close proximity clashed number minor issues turned october retired day days active service years australian_army honorary colonel royal australian regiment retirement served committee metropolitan golf club president victorian branch royal empire society time commenced writing memoirs promised million pound libel unfortunately fate papers gathered unfinished manuscript unknown april suffered died general hospital sudden death came shock funeral military honours held scots church melbourne generals herring sydney simpson frank carried decorations 2nd battalion royal australian regiment 1st armoured regiment provided honour guards largest military funeral buried wife died botanical cemetery barracks later named honour


sydney lieutenant general sir sydney december april australian soldier served chief general staff april december vice chief general staff january april played key role post second world war reorganisation army australian coal strike best known commander dismissed track campaign young officer served gallipoli australia fever january end war found junior rank contemporaries distinguished war records managed catch post war period spent years british_army british staff colleges establishing valuable contacts british counterparts appointed chief staff 6th division later corps serving capacity battle greece syria lebanon campaign commanded corps track campaign sacked subsequent rise chief general staff demonstrated circumstances dismissal extraordinary early life sydney born december south_australia fourth son james english born soldier served senator australian born second wife jane née williams acted unofficial batman father colonel commanding south australian brigade educated adelaide high school cadets enter royal military college opened world war september classmates commissioned australian imperial force time class completed military training commander major general william bridges decided regimental duty allotted cadets regimental officers staff officers cost decision high commissioned time serve killed wounded cadets posted units formed home states posted 10th infantry battalion discovered 3rd light horse regiment commanded cousin lieutenant colonel sydney obtained permission swap places member class lieutenant smith decision smith fatally wounded day contracted pneumonia embark main body 3rd light horse regiment instead left reinforcements thirty december joined regiment january month broke left leg riding accident time looked like miss regiment intervention father ensured reached cove 3rd light horse evacuated sick egypt malta july returned regiment quinn post august promoted temporary rank captain september briefly assuming command squadron regimental adjutant days later november evacuated egypt time fever disease killed cousin january returned australia policy regular officer australia posted overseas period active service posted graduates home instructor officers training school closed june posted staff 4th military district adelaide wars august church north terrace adelaide married daughter scottish engineer served royal australian_army nursing corps australia war brief overseas service end war found lieutenant junior rank contemporaries like pace promotions wars allowed gradually catch promoted captain january major january rank lieutenant colonel july substantive rank january inter war career consisted long series staff interspersed training courses passed staff college examination australian spots qualifying place gave choice staff college counterpart chose attending time commandant major general staff included colonel fuller lieutenant bernard montgomery fellow students included captains frank francis exchange british_army staff officer 44th home counties infantry division attended imperial defence college class distinguished including victoria_cross winners group captain frank australia lieutenant colonel george canada students included lieutenant colonel william slim wing commander keith park staff work officer order british_empire king birthday honours returned australia director military operations intelligence army headquarters melbourne august staff officer inspector general lieutenant general partly recognised early graduates spent previous thirteen years british_army british staff colleges government decision appoint british officer produce authoritative report army widely seen demonstrating government lack confidence officer corps recommendation military districts commands required legislation defence act implemented october second recommendation formation regular brigade death prime minister joseph april subsequent replacement robert caused shelved second world war libya 6th division formed october sir thomas appointed chief staff joined second australian imperial force given service number long described clear thought sensitive feeling frank outspoken approach men problems recent years service english staff colleges exchange duty probable went opposite numbers british formations men previously worked played comparing colonel george long noted efficient soldiers men commanding temperament talent promoted colonel october government decided form corps april given command brigadier general staff rank brigadier prepared corps operations best completing force structure integrating new units arrived middle_east establish good relations british_army occasionally having remind commander chief government efforts create administrative headquarters free corps staff operational duties reluctance delegate authority best achieve creation base line communications units command brigadier corps remained responsible organisation training corps western desert campaign brief headquarters opened near february replacing british corps studied prospects advance tripoli headquarters recalled egypt february participate battle greece nonetheless mentioned despatches appointed commander order british_empire greece greece corps employed time campaign short trying participants days headquarters opened april germans broke corps thrown retreat eventually led staff worked tremendous pressure operational situation german air attacks frequent later wrote history record face desperate situation corps lost control battle sound tactical decisions limited resources succeeded finally bringing troops beaches limited resources loss corps headquarters ordered evacuate egypt aide recalled come hours greece marked tension anger told leave immediately fly egypt reaction declare intention leaving hostility exchange opened rift men completely frank putting views defiant occasion took sharp direct order remind command felt shown lack moral courage failing stand political military superiors directed ill fated campaign felt campaign revealed flaws character wrote chief general staff lieutenant general great ability quick decision sound judgement question personal courage lacks reserves nervous energy period long strain found difficult days greece commander exercise considerable reverse little disappointed attitude matters impressed danger dive bomber talked little freely effect men short rest fixed great job syria campaign greece mentioned despatches second time syria corps alerted syria lebanon campaign having promoted deputy commander chief middle_east command lacked commanding officer apparently general sir henry wilson believed corps loss transport signal equipment participating campaign outset instead wilson attempted exercise command king david hotel proved error staff preoccupied political administrative issues remote exercise close command required following series predicted june won long corps headquarters sent june lieutenant general john assumed command day defence australia august returned australia post deputy chief general staff rank major general expected main task support turned primary concern war japan broke soon approached major general george scheme retire officers age making major general commander chief presumably expected fellow graduate sympathetic heated argument ensued ending telling weren bloody big toss room immediately went told subsequent shake higher command arrangements appointed command corps command day stint command light horse squadron gallipoli graduate command corps promoted rank lieutenant general old corps headquarters largely absorbed new army headquarters new formed headquarters southern command initially located melbourne soon moved queensland track july informed corps headquarters sent port control operations new_guinea arrived port august assumed command new_guinea force major general morris corps headquarters took operational control morris warning morris arrival message simply said coming situation dire japanese steadily advancing port trail threatening bay staff seasoned officers combat experience middle_east battle malaya brought new_guinea skill organisation morris staff unable provide main body staff arrive august turned suggestion needed additional base staff cope administrative problems given corps headquarters tactical headquarters intended operate army handling administrative work staff gradually discovered enormous task maps transport aircraft destroyed japanese raid supplies air located refused general douglas general headquarters brisbane ball ball description action sending factual information stated times failure date lead fears worst confirmed major general george reported opinion port soon fall drastic september general discussed situation new_guinea prime minister john pointed japanese faced difficulties australian troops fighting track japanese advancing australians retreating situation lot like malaya recommended general sent new_guinea personal command situation leaving new_guinea days told director general medical services september asked worried new_guinea said canberra lost talking office victoria barracks melbourne talks instructed port recommendations requests orders practical purpose remember happened desert told took command new_guinea force corps difference academic staff wrote letter explain situation advance arrival port september powers determined shall new_guinea operate hope upset decision think implies lack confidence think arises fact inexperienced politicians inclined panic possible occasion think relationship personally arrangement work difficulty took badly wrote major general bay plain fact hasn moral courage fight cabinet issue confidence fit command pulled comes tide turn likely influence local situation way said came hold hand bolster september suggestion flew bay brigadier general kenneth walker ordered send force air important step forward noted consulted anymore furious bypassing reported prime minister arrival informed general instructions prime minister proved difficult considering permitted state case great mainly statement grievances primarily received decoration war services middle_east certain officers received charged having failed safeguard interests felt eat dirt matters second evening asked general old friend induce proper frame mind met success instead setting information search details feel definite atmosphere urge herring sent immediately air successor herring approved second choice herring younger important climate disposal decide continue services replace herring command corps events doubtful wisdom officer appointment connection cables glad accept stevens second command middle_east competent fill darwin major general command corps command operated senior division commander temporarily general mixed american australian staff exile consideration decided need stevens rate fighter better send middle_east involve reduced rank major general junior paid visit brisbane way south unimpressed told prime minister attitude superior officer theatre active operations hoped sake matter dissatisfied way prosecuted campaign opposed returning new_guinea granted interview october explained gone new_guinea orders expressed confidence commanders new_guinea end january prime minister finally decide send middle_east major general time arrived middle_east troops departed filed regular reports progress war mediterranean processed australian prisoners war liberated italians december took appointment director tactical investigation war office london vice lieutenant general alfred richard despite important sounding title high powered staff job visited london best behaviour services war office appointed companion order bath new year honours post war appointment commander chief terminated november new prime minister ben appointed place recalled europe assume new post vice chief general staff dropped canberra prime minister invitation hate bloody injustice told presided army transition peacetime coal strike june acting chief general staff country australian coal strike strike began stocks coal low especially new_south_wales introduced government turned army troops coal possible transport unions agreed transport coal mined delegated responsibility planning organising effort lieutenant general flew cover government ministers sydney managed government pay bonus soldiers mining coal persuaded government allow soldiers beer local civilians soldiers began mining august august strike ended soldiers airmen employed continued work production fully restored chief general staff retired april graduate chief general staff post vice chief disappearing generation months australian troops committed korean war paid visits korea presided korean war expansion regular army national service scheme establishment women services chief general staff army chief funeral serving frank william herring john stanley henry wells services chief general staff created knight commander order british_empire queen birthday honours later life retired army december following ceremony career begun years turned cricket horse racing reading puzzles director smith elder commonwealth aircraft corporation serving chairman chairman australian boy scouts association member rhodes scholarships selection committee victoria offered declined post australian consul general new_york published memoirs entitled circle chief general staff died south home days lady cremated survived daughter sir portrait held australian war memorial papers


michael john major michael john september august irish recipient victoria_cross prestigious award gallantry face enemy awarded british commonwealth forces achieved award single charging destroying german defended machine gun positions near french village operation western world war time action year veteran british armed forces time retired british_army reached rank lieutenant served army second world war later service periods ill health final retirement military army major command prisoner war camp wars spent years employed police officer canada considered canadian recipient victoria_cross following second world war worked building contractor london died early life born children daniel margaret owned farm near county ireland daniel irish nationalist keen participated competitive football aged unwilling continue work parent land michael joined royal_navy serving shore establishment hms vivid devonport years knees forced departure service months tired farm joined irish guards regiment british_army served years irish guards leaving august join royal northwest mounted police canada operating regina constable soon commended bravery capturing criminals following hour service presented gold ring outbreak world war europe august given permission leave return britain order rejoin army active october mobilized november joined regiment france fighting british expeditionary force entrenched flanders world war service december saw heavy fighting irish guards mentioned despatches subsequently promoted lance corporal january weeks later january irish guards ordered prepare attack german positions near canal response successful german operation area days germans attacked morning february seized stretch canal embankment western end 2nd brigade line company guards section known hollow important defended passed underneath railway embankment company irish guards originally reserve tasked joining guards position attack met heavy machine gun fire assault party including irish guards officers killed wounded replace officers second lieutenant company ordered forward gather survivors withdraw forming edge hollow survivors following heavy bombardment supporting artillery company providing covering fire assisted guards second attack weighed equipment attacking began suffer heavy casualties came heavy fire german equipped machine gun michael serving orderly joined operations earlier morning second attack charging past rest assault party closed german railway embankment fired shots killing gun crew continuing forward confronted second armed machine gun yards mounted railway embankment avoid ground germans spotted approach bring gun bear opened fire killing soldiers capturing ran ammunition reportedly advance second intent killing german taken dislike having disabled guns enabled recapture british position returned unit prisoners apparently cool walk park actions received battlefield promotion sergeant february recommended victoria_cross february michael song jack judge recorded michael song role war effort later war service returning britain receive medal king george buckingham palace june given grand reception attended thousands park july subject patriotic writing including poem daily_mail short play george bernard tributes came numerous prominent figures day including sir arthur conan said writer fiction dare achievement characters irish reputation wonderful fighters lance corporal michael clearly thomas said heard early week great achievements irish guards ireland proud fully deserves high honour conferred ireland grateful reception repeated visited ireland crowds turning daniel interviewed local newspaper son exploit reportedly unimpressed commenting surprised didn laid men stick coming fair bad trial kill having rifle bayonet rewarded service advanced commissioned rank second lieutenant rangers presented russian decoration cross george class despite popularity crowds london volunteers recruitment drive autumn treatment caused scandal raised houses parliament december travelled 5th battalion rangers serve balkans campaign remaining theatre end war following stationed dover 2nd battalion service balkans contracted malaria severe negative effects health rest life regiment british actor stanley served france war ended remained close friends stayed fair later worked later life leaving wife children britain returned canada march purported intention rejoining newly renamed royal canadian mounted police unknown reasons plan came months giving lectures war service working publishing house joined ontario provincial police charged enforcing prohibition laws family recently arrived england left ontario police force police sergeant michigan central railway ontario receiving month subject scandals arrested smuggling illegal immigrants later irregularities investigations acquitted times spent week prison following second arrest lost job railway months later municipal authorities hamilton ontario loaned pay family return ireland family sailed remained ontario working attorney general office health decline british legion arranged return britain work poppy factory living avenue regained health found employment fair london involved charitable events wounded servicemen british_army returned military service captain middlesex regiment sent france british expeditionary force returned britain battle france malaria longer fit active service transferred pioneer corps took command prisoner war camp southern england discharged military unfit duty medical grounds major found work building contractor career remained retirement sons served military war receiving distinguished flying crosses actions victoria_cross recipient joined day parade centenary review place taken travelling bath chair health declining moved gardens shortly death hospital buried mill hill cemetery following funeral service roman catholic church burnt oak attended honour guard irish guards children medals later presented irish guards display regimental headquarters remembered birthplace online website listing prominent citizen states consider fighting wrong army wrong war brave capable sic deserved honours bestowed


john air marshal john william jake born november retired senior commander royal_australian_air_force raaf served chief air staff joining raaf flew jets squadron korean war subsequently vampires wing garrison duty malta served squadron operating emergency took charge squadron equipped iii fighter commands early 1970s included aircraft research development unit raaf base wing mentioned years operating long delayed general dynamics swing wing bomber appointed deputy chief air staff march following year tenure coincided release report australia defence capabilities controversial transfer raaf battlefield helicopters australian_army retired air_force july company director early career john william known jake born new_south_wales educated high school worked clerk commonwealth bank joined royal_australian_air_force raaf february underwent flying training raaf base point cook victoria graduated sergeant pilot july following fighter training saw operational service korean war flying jets squadron february september later recalled sortie royal_air_force flight lieutenant flew past showed enemy gun locations arranging shoot having commissioned pilot officer midway korean service posting fighter wing malta flew vampires wing garrison duty malta july korean war veterans replaced pilots posted australia married couple daughters son november promoted flight lieutenant undergoing conversion training sabre served malaya squadron conducted operations communist final years emergency rise senior command attended raaf staff college canberra january december served chief flying instructor operational conversion unit raaf base new_south_wales taking temporary command unit squadron leader july april august commenced conversion training iii jet fighter promoted wing commander july october led squadron equipped appointed commanding officer aircraft research development unit following year officer commanding raaf base victoria group captain appointed officer commanding wing raaf base queensland formed raaf washington flying unit air_force base california march ferry total order general dynamics swing wing bombers australia june led land gala occasion attended deputy prime minister minister defence lance chief air staff air marshal charles read air officer commanding operational command air vice marshal brian large media contingent later recalled air_force went area world read ordered operate great caution initially limits long delayed controversial aircraft suffer greater damage reputation early attrition despite protests plane capabilities restrictions remained place year appointed staff officer operations headquarters operational command senior command later life promoted air commodore senior air staff officer serving following year attended royal college defence studies london director general operational requirements capacity visited israel investigate air air operations coming away favourably impressed match practice anybody time experience gave confidence operational promoted air vice marshal appointed chief air_force operations march effective april served chief air staff advisory committee posted united_states head australian defence staff washington returning australia deputy chief air staff march appointed officer order australia june services raaf promoted air marshal chief air staff succeeding air marshal david evans initially endorsed federal government review australia defence capabilities known report shortly publicly criticised understanding application air power especially lukewarm attitude employment strategic strike conference year reiterated raaf position defensive action prevent defeat wars won offensive action june raised companion order australia service raaf particularly chief air staff term marked federal government decision transfer raaf battlefield helicopters australian_army recommendation independent committee according air_force historians keith protected best interests australian defence force getting business transfer notwithstanding deep disappointment service february subsequently air command force element groups large functional organisations supplanted earlier concept powerful air base commands unit base reported initially established year trial basis remained place completed tenure july succeeded air marshal ray retiring air_force director industries july present korean ambassador australia awarded government presidential unit citation squadron surviving veterans squadron presented air medal canberra june service korean war


captain rocky july september united_states_army officer puerto rican italian descent awarded united_states highest military decoration medal honor heroic actions prisoner war vietnam war member army awarded medal honor actions performed southeast_asia captivity early years born honolulu hawaii july eldest children born marie author books including fifteenth flying nun starring field series 1960s based colonel joseph grew alexandria virginia attended college high school washington freshman sophomore years junior year attended frankfurt american high school germany graduated norfolk catholic high school senior year joined armed forces norfolk virginia father entered united_states military academy west_point graduated commissioned second lieutenant armor army member ranger class awarded ranger december graduation ranger school attended airborne school awarded badge served 3rd battalion 40th armor 1st cavalry division republic korea tank platoon leader march april captain assigned infantry old guard served tank platoon leader headquarters headquarters company duty vietnam attended military assistance institute intelligence course fort maryland vietnamese language course vietnam war began tour duty republic vietnam intelligence advisor volunteered month extension tour planning attend seminary conclusion service join catholic hoping return vietnam missionary working weeks end tour october visiting military academy classmate detachment 5th special forces group delta accompanied companies south vietnamese civilian irregular defense troops attacked remove command post located forest stronghold main force battalion ambushed overran unit wounding process able provide covering fire forces withdraw killing zone second government force men operating thousand yards main fight learned disaster late help authorities said communist radio knocked main channel alternate channel local military radios captured taken prison deep jungle americans lieutenant nick sergeant dan tried escape times failed attempts insulted sessions cited geneva convention treaty time time separated prisoners time prisoners heard voice loudly singing god america september north vietnam liberation radio announced execution captain remains recovered arlington national cemetery stands grave located memorial section learning son fate marie husband colonel tried find circumstances went paris late 1960s trying unsuccessfully north vietnamese delegation arrived peace talks expressed frustration poems nominations award medal honor initiated nomination failed posthumously awarded silver star instead quest medal honor friends rocky crusade language added congress defense authorization act ended authorized award nation highest military decoration combat july ceremony white_house east room posthumously awarded medal honor president george bush heroism time army awarded nation highest honor actions captivity present surviving siblings stephen richard coach indiana michael november department army announced silver star awarded revoked silver star award upgraded medal honor headquarters department army washington december silver star department army general orders headquarters department army washington dated july pertaining award silver star captain united_states_army revoked announced united_states human resources command permanent orders dated november medal honor citation rank organization captain army intelligence advisor special operations place republic vietnam entered service norfolk virginia born honolulu hawaii citation conspicuous gallantry risk life duty prisoner war period october september republic vietnam accompanying civilian irregular defense group patrol engaged combat operations district province republic vietnam october captain assault force caught ambush intense mortar automatic weapons small arms fire elements reinforced enemy main force battalion battle captain fought encouraged patrol return fire overwhelming enemy forces provided covering fire exposed position enable friendly forces withdraw killing zone apparent position overrun severely wounded knee automatic weapons fire resisted capture measure strength ammunition taken prisoner demonstrated exceptional leadership adherence code conduct time entered prisoner war status captain assumed command fellow american prisoners despite kept locked isolation box raised morale singing messages popular songs day leaving inspiring messages weeks captivity despite severity wounds attempted escape attempts dragging hands knees camp dense swamp forbidding vegetation freedom crawling slow pace weakened condition guards quickly discovered outside camp recaptured captain enemy interrogation efforts inspired fellow prisoners resist best ability vietnamese language skills protest improper treatment american prisoners guards leg american prisoners camp time fellow prisoners heard captain singing god america voice isolation box unable break faith god trust united_states_of_america fellow prisoners captain executed september captain extraordinary heroism self sacrifice personal bravery involving conspicuous risk life duty keeping highest traditions united_states_army reflect great credit armed forces memory inscribed vietnam veterans memorial wall panel row july rocky plaza alexandria virginia dedicated honor statue likeness plaza possible donation raised citizens alexandria virginia july day white_house medal honor ceremony secretary army thomas white army chief staff general inducted pentagon hall heroes inducted military intelligence corps hall_of_fame military intelligence hall_of_fame hall_of_fame established military intelligence corps united_states_army honor soldiers civilians exceptional contributions military intelligence hall administered united_states_army intelligence center fort arizona engraved monument remembrance dedicated puerto_rico fallen military members situated capitol building san_juan puerto_rico unveiled puerto_rico senate president kenneth copy speech national_guard adjutant general col david memorial day awards decorations military decorations following medal honor purple heart medal armed forces expeditionary medal national defense service medal vietnam service medal vietnam campaign medal combat badge badge special forces ranger


robin olds robin olds july june american fighter pilot general officer air_force triple ace combined total victories world war vietnam war retired brigadier general son army air forces major general robert olds educated west_point product upbringing early years army air corps olds youthful world war fighter pilot remained service united_states_air_force despite odds leadership pioneer jet pilots rising command fighter wings olds regarded aviation historians peers best wing commander vietnam war air fighting skills reputation combat leader olds promoted brigadier general returning vietnam hold major command remainder career spent non operational positions commandant cadets united_states_air_force academy official air_force inspector general office inability rise higher general officer attributed views penchant drinking olds highly publicized career life including marriage hollywood actress young man recognized athletic prowess high school college named american college football olds expressed philosophy fighter pilots quote pilots pilots good ones teach fighter pilot willing risks early life olds born robert honolulu army family spent virginia attended elementary high school father captain later major general robert later olds instructor pilot france world war aide brigadier general billy mitchell leading advocate strategic bombing air corps mother olds died robin raised father olds eldest brothers followed sterling frederick growing primarily field virginia olds virtually daily contact small group officers lead army air forces world war neighbor major destined chief staff result unusually strong dedication air service conversely low tolerance officers exhibit november father appeared witness behalf billy mitchell mitchell court martial washington brought year old robin court dressed air service uniform posed newspaper photographers olds flew age open cockpit operated father age olds attending military academy west_point objective accomplish goals officer military aviator playing football father commander pioneer flying fortress 2nd bombardment group field march promoted lieutenant colonel march olds attended high school elected president class successive years played varsity high school football team won state championship virginia olds aggressive mean player received offers attend virginia military institute college football scholarships instead entering college graduating olds enrolled preparatory school washington school established prepare men entrance examinations military germany invaded poland olds attempted join royal canadian air_force thwarted father refusal approve papers olds completed prep applied admission united_states military academy west_point received commitment nomination pennsylvania congressman olds moved pennsylvania lived supported working odd jobs passed west_point entrance examination accepted class june entered academy month later japanese attack pearl harbor olds sent school oklahoma flight training training ended year later christmas olds returned west_point hoping graduate early action war west_point football olds played football freshman squad began season losses finished varsity won game second consecutive losing season result new academy superintendent robert replaced head coach army officer earl red graduate head coach recruited olds olds played varsity college football team foot inches height weighing pounds played tackle offense defense lettering seasons army record wins citadel yale columbia west_virginia scoreless tie notre dame losses harvard penn navy loss followed days later attack pearl harbor named weekly year rice player year olds selected american cadets compiled record beating college columbia harvard princeton falling notre dame penn navy army navy game played instead philadelphia olds upper teeth knocked received blow mouth making tackle olds returned game reportedly navy fourth classes assigned army cheering section wartime travel restrictions prevented corps cadets attending olds college football hall_of_fame olds developed ambivalent feelings west_point dedication duty honor country disturbed tendency tactical officers purpose honor code march olds officer returning leave new_york_city compelled penalty honor violation admit consumed alcohol reduced rank cadet captain cadet private characterized olds memoirs second cadet history west_point earn dubious honor walked punishment tours day graduation june incident left mark olds commandant cadets air_force academy use honor code instrument integrity tool petty enforcement discipline point emphasis administration academy years olds acquired strong contempt alumni networking commonly called ring knocking degree went way conceal west_point background act congress october olds second class year academy began year curriculum duration war cadets entering july cadets applying air corps classified air cadets modified curriculum provided flying training eliminated military topography graphics required ground cadets olds class given second class course study january began class course olds completed primary training summer school aviation oklahoma basic advanced training stewart field new_york cadets including olds completed course classmates died accidents olds received pilot wings personally henry arnold graduated june member class june general merit graduates world war fighter pilot lightning missions lieutenant olds completed fighter pilot training fighter group operational training unit based grand central air terminal california initial twin engine training williams field arizona followed transition fighter training lockheed lightning variant gunnery training texas half august assigned phase training army air field california early assigned build newly activated fighter squadron parent fighter group based california olds logged hours flying time training including hours lightning built proficiency combat group departed los_angeles area april camp new_jersey shipped aboard uss argentina europe arrived scotland raf england arrived day began combat flying bomber escort missions attacking transportation targets occupied france advance invasion normandy olds flew new lightning nicknamed olds crew chief sgt said showed immediate interest aircraft maintenance learned emergency insisted aircraft reduce air resistance helped maintenance crew carry tasks july olds promoted captain flight later squadron leader following low level bridge bombing mission france august olds shot german aircraft pair escort mission august flight far left group line abreast formation encountered near flying north altitude loose formation large olds turned flight left began minute pursuit climbed altitude germans germans olds fuel drop tanks attacked second element flight unable climb olds began firing engines quit fuel exhaustion excitement attack neglected switch internal fuel tanks continued attacking dead stick mode hitting target fuselage shooting engine fatally damaging away restarted engines despite battle damage plane including loss window canopy olds shot way home ace combat report date concluded shallow dive observed going round round needed help started jerry way range turned slightly right rolled following gave ineffective burst long range time traveling excess mph left window blew hell thought hit ground fire observed vicinity regained control aircraft pulled wheat field tried contact flight recognized observed making pass seven clock high broke left plane jerry straightened gave burst left shot passed right slipped straightened saw pilot bail claims flying sustained air_force historical research agency originally credited scoring pilot european theater operations pilot converted mid september second transition flight point touchdown landing olds learned lesson false confidence powerful single engined fighter forced ground loop runway olds shot new october savage battle near berlin nearly shot completed combat tour november hours combat time kills returning united_states month leave olds began second tour january assigned duties operations officer fighter squadron promoted major february olds claimed seventh victory southeast germany day downing february claimed victories credited probable final world war aerial kill occurred april olds led fighter group mission escorting bombing ammunition dump germany engagement marked combat appearance german air_force squadron formed ram allied bombers south bremen olds noticed bank clouds aircraft flying left bombers minutes paralleled bomber stream held station turning investigate olds saw pairs turn dive damaging jets chase meant lure fighter escort away bombers returned bomber stream olds observed attack bombers shoot olds pursued formation shot olds achieved bulk credits following week attacks april airfield austria april destroyed german planes ground later reflected hazards missions hit pulling dive pass airfield called baltic pass april day return home tested stall characteristics wounded bird home airfield found quit flying little mph indicated rolled violently dead wing note right blown away large holes knocked wing logical response sentiment got way reason airplane note taken lot damned going bird survived bouncing ride length field guess know olds risen rank field grade given command squadron march years west_point years age end combat service officially credited german planes shot destroyed ground olds ace combat tours twice awarded silver star mission august achievements squadron combined tours career highlights assignments returning united_states war olds assigned west_point assistant football coach red apparently resented staff rapid rise rank combat decorations olds transferred february fighter group march field california fly shooting star began career long professional struggle superiors viewed warrior minded april lieutenant colonel john formed believed air_force jet demonstration team late ordered undertake project city mass formation flight olds performed ship routine thrilled crowds stop highlight day washington june olds pilots participated day dawn dusk round trip jet flight march field washington jet demonstration performances ended july crashed del aircraft stalled encore routine finale loop land later year olds took second place thompson trophy race jet division cleveland national air races brook park ohio labor day weekend closed course jet race competed course miles length olds went england air_force royal_air_force exchange program flying jet fighter commanded squadron royal_air_force station october september command raf unit peacetime following exchange assignment olds returned march operations officer fighter squadron 1st fighter group flying november olds assigned command fighter squadron soon detached 1st air defense command based greater pittsburgh airport pennsylvania result missed service korean war despite repeated applications combat assignment discouraged odds air_force seen olds reportedly process resigning talked mentor smith brought work eastern air defense command headquarters stewart promoted lieutenant colonel february colonel april thirty years age olds served staff assignments returning flying command staff fighter wing air base germany olds commanded sabre equipped fighter group october august chief weapons proficiency center air base libya charge fighter weapons training united_states air forces europe july olds administrative staff duty assignments pentagon deputy chief air defense division headquarters assignment prepared number papers time soon including identifying need upgraded conventional munitions bomb shortage vietnam war tactical air training conventional warfare november march section worked intensely develop program reducing entire structure purpose generating billion classified funding develop following pentagon assignment olds attended national war college graduating olds commander tactical fighter wing raf england fighter bomber wing september major combat unit united_states air forces europe having tactical nuclear conventional bombing role supporting nato olds commanded wing july deputy commander operations olds brought colonel daniel james met pentagon assignment african american star air_force general james olds worked closely year command team developed professional social relationship later renewed combat olds formed demonstration team pilots wing command authorization performed air_force open house asserted superior air_force attempted court commander general instead authorized removal command cancellation recommended legion merit award transfer headquarters ninth air_force air_force base south_carolina september olds tapped command phantom wing southeast_asia route arranged combat crew training wing davis air_force base arizona col james deputy commander operations checked phantom completing step days instructor major william evaluation officer olds pilots raf later commanded united_states air forces europe general accompanied olds practice firing missiles point missile range olds route travis air_force base charter flight overseas olds rewarded granting transfer command thailand march vietnam september olds took command 8th tactical fighter wing based royal thai air_force base lack sense purpose wing led change command olds predecessor flown missions months wing combat year old colonel set tone command stint immediately placing flight schedule rookie pilot officers junior challenging train properly soon leading olds vice commander col vermont garrison ace world war korea december olds brought james replace ineffective deputy commander operations creating arguably strongest effective tactical command vietnam war olds james combination popularly nicknamed robin olds took air war north vietnam phantom nicknamed keeping previous combat aircraft carried killer suggesting idea seventh air_force commander major general william commander 8th olds directed plan mission designed draw north vietnamese aerial trap operation resulted october strike force equipped radar pods effectiveness virtually ended losses surface air missiles result sam attacks shifted unprotected shortage pods protect rules engagement allowed escort strike force target area revised december restrict penetration edge sam coverage increased result primarily high speed hit run tactics bomb laden formations bombers lost threat force perceived plan reasoned pods signs communications wings flying flight profiles northwest vietnam effectively simulate bombing mission bomb laden air air combat intensive planning maintenance briefing period mission scheduled january poor weather caused hour delay solid overcast covered north vietnamese cat strike force began arriving target area minute intervals separating flights leading flight olds primary base second pass finally began cloud base seemingly random nature quickly apparent ground controlled designed place supposed enemies rear crews proved equal situation claimed seven destroyed half service loss aircraft olds shot seven awarded silver stars follow days reconnaissance aircraft led similar mission smaller scale january shot fighter activity diminished weeks main goal operation eliminate diminish threat strike formations olds destroyed weeks later destroyed pilots described chase shot large bringing total confirmed kills world war vietnam making triple ace olds states following shoot fourth intentionally avoided shooting fifth opportunities learned middle june seventh air_force direction secretary air_force brown immediately relieve command return united_states publicity asset awarded fourth silver star leading aircraft low level bombing strike march air_force cross attack paul bridge august awarded air_force pilots mission flew final combat mission north vietnam september total combat missions included world war southeast_asia north vietnam retired operational service placed display national museum united_states_air_force wright air_force base ohio olds olds known decidedly non regulation sported vietnam common airmen grow olds gesture defiance kids base loved everybody grew olds started wake success operation let grow regulation length middle finger couldn raise photographs silent word verbal battles higher headquarters rules targets fighting war returning home marked end reported interview air_force chief staff general john walked stuck finger nose said olds replied yes sir olds upset order recalling tell truth wasn fond damned thing symbol men 8th wing knew understood visits past year referred breach military standards variety sported troops direct order received years service incident given credit impetus new air_force tradition march aircraft airmen worldwide solidarity symbolic albeit good protest month air_force facial hair regulations advocate weren allowed little attention paid dive bombing stuff like thought unnecessary confrontation america faced cold war years bombs bullets situation raging uneasy nuclear vietnam war proved need teach tactical warfare fighter pilots caught unprepared weren allowed learn practice training olds lamented lack internal gun flew tour vietnam allow fighters equipped gun pods available knew capable effectively aware pilots trained use gun reasoned drag pod performance characteristics gaining advantage result unnecessary losses worthless targets reduce number bombs carried delivery 8th primary mission history channel series recreated operation computer animation episode entitled air ambush telecast november olds years old appeared commentator background experienced pilot recreated post southeast_asia career air_force academy command 8th september olds reported duty united_states_air_force academy colorado springs colorado december served commandant cadets years sought restore morale wake major cheating scandal olds promoted brigadier general june dating director safety february began duty assignment director safety office inspector general headquarters december air_force inspection safety center newly activated separate operating agency located air_force base california olds oversaw creation policies standards procedures air_force accident prevention programs dealt work safety education workplace accident investigation analysis safety inspector general tour retirement air_force inspector general olds west_point classmate louis wilson sent olds southeast_asia autumn determine state readiness air_force pilots olds toured bases thailand flying unauthorized combat missions process brought blunt assessment air_force pilots reported air_force chief staff john ryan sac general bomber pilot odds tactical fighter community couldn fight way wet paper bag lack interest air air combat training fighter crews warned losses severe resumption aerial combat olds recalled ryan expressed surprise assessment reflected disagreement operation linebacker began american fighter jets returned offense skies north vietnam time nearly years navy marine_corps fighters benefits program immediately enjoyed considerable success contrast june olds predicted air_force fighter community struggling nearly kill loss ratio new inspector general olds offered voluntary reduction rank colonel return operational command situation olds decided leave air_force offer refused offered inspection tour instead retired june awards decorations robin olds appeared retirement left right command pilot row air_force cross air_force distinguished service medal oak leaf cluster row silver star oak leaf clusters legion merit distinguished flying cross oak leaf clusters row air medal oak leaf clusters row air_force medal presidential unit citation oak leaf cluster outstanding unit award oak leaf clusters american defense service medal row american campaign medal european african middle eastern campaign medal campaign stars world war victory medal national defense service medal second service star row vietnam service medal air_force longevity service award oak leaf clusters small arms expert medal row distinguished flying cross united_kingdom france star vietnam air gallantry cross gold wings republic vietnam campaign medal shown vietnam air_force distinguished service order 2nd class vietnam air_force service medal air_force cross citation colonel robin olds air_force date action august president united_states_of_america authorized title section united_states code takes pleasure presenting air_force cross colonel robin olds united_states_air_force extraordinary heroism military operations opposing armed force serving strike mission commander 8th tactical fighter wing royal thai air base thailand paul bridge major north south transportation link red river north vietnam august date colonel olds led strike force aircraft key railroad highway bridge north vietnam despite intense accurately directed fire multiple surface air missile attacks force continuous harassment fighters defending target colonel olds determination courage professional skill led force help destroy significant bridge result flow war materials area reduced extraordinary heroism superb face hostile forces colonel olds reflected highest credit united_states_air_force personal olds briefly author gore olds father married fourth time june gore father died pneumonia april sacks age prior olds graduation west_point based march field olds met hollywood actress pin girl blind date palm springs married beverly_hills february daughters susan son robert year marriage marked frequent extended difficult turbulent clash lifestyles particularly refusal live government housing base robin olds separated divorced robin married morgan sellers january divorced years marriage retirement springs colorado olds pursued love skiing served city planning commission active public speaking making events late life olds fondness alcohol known john book fast jet pilots vietnam experience olds heavy drinking hurt post vietnam career july olds arrested driving influence alcohol resisting arrest near home springs olds briefly hospitalized incident facial cuts pleaded guilty return charges weaving dropped olds placed year probation ordered pay fines costs attend alcohol education course perform hours community service days later july olds ohio national aviation hall_of_fame class test pilot joseph marine_corps ace albert lee person national aviation hall_of_fame college football hall_of_fame march olds hospitalized colorado complications stage cancer evening june general olds died heart failure springs colorado olds honored services united_states_air_force academy june ashes kept general olds remembered class academy class begun basic cadet training step air_force officers days olds funeral


henry henry march february american union_army soldier native hawaiian descent considered sons civil war group documented native hawaiian hawaii born combatants fought american_civil_war kingdom independent nation born raised eldest son hawaiian high benjamin american pioneer massachusetts father business success sugar coffee plantation industries mother connections hawaiian royal family prosperous owned lands island honolulu older sister educated mission schools alongside children mixed hawaiian descent death mother father remarried widow missionary connecting family american missionary community following deaths wife later second wife father decided leave islands returned massachusetts family continued education public schools family lived period time leaving school family knowledge decision fight civil war august despite mixed race ancestry avoided racial segregation imposed native hawaiian recruits time enlisted 22nd regiment massachusetts volunteer infantry white regiment served private union_army fighting battle maryland campaign company private robert carter befriended hawaiian soldier wrote later life common experience 22nd massachusetts compiled decades afterward old letters carter account described details surrounding final fate war march separated regiment captured confederate guerrilla forces forced march richmond incarcerated confederate prison contracted lung fever harsh conditions imprisonment died february months release parole prisoner exchange modern historians consider henry known hawaiian pacific die prisoner war civil war period time end war legacy contributions documented hawaiian participants american_civil_war largely forgotten private circles descendants historians revival interest recent years hawaiian community sons civil war commemorated bronze plaque erected memorial national memorial cemetery pacific honolulu early life family henry born march son second child benjamin originally native salem massachusetts father early pioneer businessman sugar coffee plantation owner island greatly kingdom industry early 1800s father great grandson english american carpenter ship franklin captain allen american revolutionary war mother descendant royal twins advised conquest hawaiian islands early american english sea captain cox lent george cox governor henry shared hawaiian maternal grandfather brother helped conceal bones king secret hiding place death hawaiian language means calm ship protected harbor siblings mary ann benjamin franklin half sister maria father success business mother descent hawaiian royalty family considered prosperous host royal family visited leading merchants town father served government district magistrate henry mother inherited control lands father king iii granted use marriage henry early childhood family lived mansion benjamin built area known favored resort spots ancient hawaiian royalty residence known house sold business partner captain thomas property later site hotel built torn 1850s family moved capital honolulu benjamin took banking built beautiful story house named water corner streets education older sister mary attended children school school located residence church street taught taylor wife american missionary doctor government physician charles elder children received education english hawaiian unusual hawaiian official language kingdom schools conducted hawaiian language taught children reading writing spelling singing reinforcing curriculum strong adherence principles protestant faith like siblings classmates half hawaiian descent majority chinese death mother father remarried maria widow american missionary henry twelfth company missionaries american board commissioners foreign missions arrive marriage aligned children american missionary community called cousins children missionaries considered extended missionary family died giving birth father fourth child daughter named maria family returned massachusetts father remarried wife martha ball giving children according biography written robert carter private later serve company neglected mother death father subjected neglect treatment sensitive nature bear continued education public schools family lived period time united_states census registered teacher solomon adams residing presumably educated newton boston area growing said strongly resemble hawaiian mother robert carter gave brief description appearance wartime letters published tall slim boy straight arrow face perfect oval hair black raven wing eyes large peculiar soft melting pity distress skin clear dark olive bordering high cheek bones led suppose different known plain henry air good breeding small hands feet set thinking youth intensely enthusiastic gave thought comrades personal appearance look shy reserved nature boy dark melancholy eyes sad smile sensitive lips american_civil_war outbreak american_civil_war kingdom king declared neutrality august native hawaiian born americans mainly descendants american missionaries abroad islands volunteered enlisted military regiments states union confederacy individual native serving united_states_navy army war served american_civil_war union ties new_england missionaries industries ideological opposition institution slavery service august left school family knowledge volunteered serve union_army fight american_civil_war apparently informed family advance choice join war news reported american missionary community henry run away home gone war carter described rationale enlisting midst war air excitement wild enthusiasm crowds inspiring sound drum indian nature rose resolve hawaiian descent father white native born mother mother daughter captain cox hawaiian despite mixed race ancestry avoided racial segregation imposed native hawaiian volunteers period native participated war assigned colored regiments fair skin color meant able serve white unit indicating unit assignment influenced dark appeared historians bob james claimed placed colored regiments mixed race regiment records indicate served private 22nd regiment massachusetts volunteer infantry company regiment named henry wilson regiment col henry wilson commanded unit col william commander brief term service regiment corps army command major general george period regiment fought second battle bull run involved maryland campaign fighting battle single day battle american history battle regiment march battle captured confederate troops imprisonment death detailed account final fate war came robert carter november captured near junction march virginia weeks prior battle fallen group feet swollen pair thin high narrow boots purchased comrades temporarily stayed care later decided rest camp fear disciplinary consequences falling authority urged success words camp night good fellow soldiers saw considered missing shortly left band confederate colonel john captured weary soldier struggle inscription differs slightly carter account stating captured stuart cavalry instead capture marched richmond weak physical state imprisoned confederate prison isle harsh prisons letters home described place pen meat thrown dogs condition including shortage food lack physical weakness susceptible diseases present confederate prisons carter described prisons wore brave spirit prisoner exchange released confederate army city point virginia december sent parole camp suffering complications conditions imprisonment contracted lung fever pneumonia carter wrote later friend weeks like flame quietly pass away eternal life died parole camp february weeks short eighteenth birthday according historians manning unfortunate distinction known hawaiian pacific die prisoner war civil war considering missing regiment discover final fate news funeral received spring following year remains returned family massachusetts death parole camp benjamin father buried family plot mount auburn cemetery family grave marker placed inscription henry born hawaii died camp parole aged years member 22nd regiment mass regiment battles south mountain taken prisoner stuart cavalry march imprisoned prison sent camp parole died camp pneumonia legacy death memory henry honored friends family members massachusetts return younger brother benjamin franklin wife discovered grandson nephew named meaning chief fought honor deceased older brother similarly henry second son hawaiian cousin george charles named shortly death martha ann chamberlain corresponding secretary hawaiian mission children society cousin henry hawaii sons fall war died parole camp lung fever serving soldier union_army remains deposited auburn cemetery near boston mass died cause let memory band war military service including henry largely forgotten disappearing collective memories american_civil_war history recent years hawaiian residents historians descendants hawaiian combatants conflict insisted need remember boys hawaii renewed interest stories individuals particular period hawaiian american history inspired efforts preserve memories served war august anniversary signing hawaiian neutrality proclamation bronze plaque erected memorial national memorial cemetery pacific honolulu recognizing sons civil war documented served american_civil_war union confederacy great attended ceremony stated proud young man age young served civil war family napoleon manning began process creating historical documentary individual experiences stories hawaii born soldiers sailors american_civil_war including samuel armstrong bright james wood bush unnamed combatants union confederacy based author wayne wrote fictionalized story based lives civil war service hawaiian soldiers like henry book hawaiian american_civil_war end war national_park_service released publication titled pacific civil war service large number combatants asian pacific descent fought war history involvement biographies bush written historians manning


sergeant reckless staff sergeant reckless decorated war horse held official rank united_states military mare horse breeding race horse dam purchased october korean seoul needed money buy artificial leg sister reckless bought members united_states marine_corps trained pack horse rifle platoon anti tank company 5th marine regiment 1st marine division quickly unit allowed freely camp entering marines tents sleep cold nights known willingness eat nearly including eggs beer worth poker chips served numerous combat actions korean war carrying supplies ammunition evacuate wounded learning supply route couple trips traveled deliver supplies troops benefit highlight month military career came late march battle outpost single day solo trips resupply multiple line units wounded combat twice given battlefield rank corporal battlefield promotion sergeant months war ended horse marine_corps known participated amphibious landing following war awarded purple hearts marine_corps good conduct medal included unit presidential unit countries military honors wartime service record featured saturday evening post life magazine recognized america time heroes retired brought united_states war appearances television participated united_states marine_corps birthday ball officially promoted staff sergeant commandant marine_corps gave birth america died plaque photo dedicated honor marine_corps base camp stables statue dedicated july national museum marine_corps virginia origins sergeant reckless chestnut colored blaze white date birth unconfirmed estimated years old purchased members united_states marine_corps october sold marines owner young korean called kim moon real horse originally named korean translates morning flame flame morning reputed dam track seoul moon sold horse nicknamed flame lieutenant order buy leg sister stepped land horse breeding thought primarily features particularly shape head similar horses lineage small standing hands inches weighing pounds military service october received permission colonel purchase horse platoon based mountainous terrain needed pack animal capable carrying heavy pound shells needed supply rifles unit rifle platoon 5th marine regiment day received permission october sergeant corporal philip carter drove trailer seoul paid horse money moon reluctant sell horse needed cried flame departed marines renamed reckless rifle nod attitude associated gun primary trainer person reckless closest platoon gunnery sergeant joseph private class monroe primary addition lieutenant bill riley sergeant lively involved training care reckless wife ship pack saddle home california reckless better fulfill primary role pack animal rifle platoon medical navy class george mitchell provided majority medical care reckless marines especially taught reckless battlefield survival skills barbed wire lie fire learned run bunker hearing cry incoming platoon called training camp horse initially kept pasture near reckless gentle disposition soon developed troops allowed freely camp entered tents sleeping inside troops lying warm tent cold nights fond wide variety entertaining platoon eating eggs drinking beer food left known eat bacon chocolate bars hard candy wheat butter potatoes mitchell advised platoon given bottles day tastes confined ate horse blanket occasion ate worth winning poker chips reckless baptism fire came place called near villages loaded rifle shells initially went straight feet left ground time rifle fired landed started shaking second time gun fired merely end mission day appeared calm seen trying eat discarded helmet liner appeared interest operation weapon learning new delivery route reckless need lead times trips standing order ride reckless early december violated order took reckless ride included sprint minefield injured unauthorized ride significant accomplishment came battle known battle outpost hill period march solo trips single day carrying total rounds pounds carrying pound shells trip covering miles day battle lasted days wounded twice battle hit left eye time left flank accomplishments battle hill reckless promoted corporal lines reckless packed items platoon particularly useful telephone wire carrying wire pack played walked string wire men foot horse marine_corps known participated amphibious landing 5th moved camp planning participate amphibious landings hundreds miles south commanding officer transport halted loading operations saw platoon dock reckless refused board clean ship won award ship previous years marines produced loading plan ship commanding officer approved specifically listed reckless equipment allowed board ship underway sick making mess ship decks voyage disembarked storm soon accustomed motion ship sea problems 1st marine division moved rest area soon platoon members posed reckless sign challenging native dancer race called race derby field downs conditions miles hills carrying pounds ammunition riders marines received reply native dancer came second kentucky derby went win stakes stakes commander 1st marine division gave reckless battlefield promotion corporal sergeant formal ceremony complete reviewing stand april months war ended given red gold blanket insignia reckless promoted staff sergeant august camp promotion awarded advanced commandant marine_corps personally presided promotion ceremony honored gun salute man parade marines wartime unit early example animal holding official rank branch united_states military retirement service marine_corps reckless awarded purple hearts wounds received battle marine_corps good conduct medal presidential unit citation bronze star national defense service medal korean service medal united_nations korea medal navy unit republic korea presidential unit citation wear awards horse blanket plus french 5th marines earned world war article saturday evening post published april reckless korea resulted campaign american supporters marines bring united_states executive pacific transport lines stan read article offered let reckless ride free company ships san_francisco prior departure america ceremony including band reckless rotation united_states held half time football game marine_corps army reckless left korea japan aboard 1st marine aircraft wing transport plane sailed october aboard pacific transport san_francisco november typhoon delayed ship arrival evening november reckless stayed aboard morning reckless got sick storm knocked stall deck storm happened near end trip reckless entry united_states challenges customs bureau problem united_states department agriculture insisted medical check lab tests completed disembarked ship reached san_francisco late marine banquet guest honor marines contacted agriculture department officials washington agreed allow ship blood drawn lab tests understanding destroyed sent japan marines actually knew considered honor learned sexually transmitted disease night arrived ate blanket new insignia time led ship lieutenant set foot american soil san_francisco november coincidentally birthday marine_corps marine_corps birthday ball held day rode elevator ate cake flower decorations reckless kept family brief time moving permanent home 5th marines 1st marine division camp second article reckless appeared saturday evening post october articles book reckless pride marines written commander 2nd battalion lieutenant colonel andrew kept notes reckless war public appearances including art house party cancel appearance sullivan typhoon sullivan wanted appear november willing pay costs right scheduled delayed november arrival reckless appear sullivan reckless cared treated time camp marine_corps careful allow exploited commercial interests produced fearless born circa died month birth unnamed offspring named marines allowed ride reckless marine_corps lieutenant general decorated united_states marine time reckless retired active service military honors camp november provided free quarters feed lieu retirement pay marine_corps documents reckless developed aged injured falling barbed wire fence died wounds treated time death estimated years old plaque photo commemorating camp stables race new_york designated sgt reckless november reckless listed life magazine america time heroes statue sculptor russell reckless carrying ammunition shells combat equipment unveiled july memorial park national museum marine_corps day 60th anniversary korean war lock tail hair base statue statue plaque includes quote sergeant served battle alongside sergeant reckless spirit loneliness loyalty spite danger hurting determined image head heart forever awards decorations