pop town metropolitan borough greater manchester england situated close source river near land foothills south miles north northwest miles south southeast miles northeast city manchester historically lancashire surroundings provided evidence ancient british roman viking activity area middle ages formed small township centred hall manor house owned long succession dignitaries included settlement expanded hall late contained mean built cottages farming main industry rural area locals hand weaving domestic system distinction town powered cotton mill built world adopted factory system introduction textile manufacture industrial revolution facilitated process area mid-19th century emerged mill town cotton mills largest united_kingdom employing local population imports foreign cotton goods began decline textile industry mid-20th century mill closed today fewer dozen mills standing majority light engineering distribution centres despite economic depression brought demise cotton spinning population continued grow result intensive housing redevelopment districts history anglo saxon origin suggested crop root derived old english added imply farm settlement known written record survey lancashire believed date 7th century result followed battle chester early history evidence stone age human activity area way stone axe found park ancient thought inhabited area romans traversed remains roman early medieval discovered physical manifestation locality evidence implies present hamlet oldest settled locality old norse origin meaning farm estate village book appear records documented estate manor comprising land annual rate shillings tenant william william king john england william died passed son thomas alive thomas daughter married alexander somerset sold majority outlying land john exchange family came use chief place residence early 17th century early history linked closely manor house hall inhabited family years period involvement regional national affairs added prestige obscure rural township john witness charter incorporation elevated township manchester status borough descendant john john served high sheriff lancashire elizabeth john served deputy lieutenant lancashire time spanish sourced infantry english military son called john fought english civil war actions led making john 1st baron way granted king charles following charles rise england baron possessions including lands confiscated hall purchased thomas wealthy manufacturer descendants continued occupy hall hall inherited industrial revolution apart dignitaries lived hall population middle ages comprised small community farmers involved pasture supplemented weaving domestic system area populated consisted including village nucleus early modern period spinning wheels makeshift cottages demand cotton goods increased technology cotton spinning machinery improved century need larger structures house bigger better efficient equipment apparent construction water powered cotton mill taylor said structure kind construction mills followed initiated process transformation region population moved away farming adopting employment factory system introduction factory system led increase population century despite growth centre cotton cloth production construction chapel ease said contained mean built cottages people continued produce cotton goods mainly cloth sell market manchester period growth parliamentary representation limited members parliament lancashire nationally end napoleonic wars resulted periods famine chronic unemployment textile beginning pressure generated poor economic conditions coupled lack suffrage northern england enhanced appeal political region manchester patriotic union group parliamentary reform began organise mass public demonstration manchester demand reform parliamentary representation organised preparations took place spy reported seven men hill army regiment days later august royal proclamation forbidding practice drilling posted manchester august like neighbours sent contingent manchester join mass political demonstration known massacre owing deaths injuries followed contingent particular note sent sizable female section demonstration damp climate provided ideal conditions cotton spinning carried cotton drying breaking newly developed 19th century cotton spinning mass production global market steam powered mills begun town cotton factories number small new road passed town centre manchester railway goods yard constructed 1860s allowing improved transportation textile goods raw materials township neighbouring 1870s emerged largest productive mill town world begun southern boundary forming continuous urban cotton spinning district demand cheap cotton goods area prompted cotton spinning companies investment followed construction new cotton mills peak area responsible world cotton production supplies raw cotton united_states cut lancashire cotton famine leading formation local board health purpose ensure social security maintain locality november explosive device containing gunpowder detonated town hall cellar underneath offices local board anonymous communication received supposed bomber stating intended explosion school board children allowed work age years wanted abolition factory acts fatalities caused explosion damage building restricted smoke damage shattered windows doors great depression second world wars contributed periods economic decline late 1950s population employed textile mills imports cheaper foreign increased mid-20th century textile sector declined gradually halt cotton spinning reduced 1960s 1970s early 1980s mills operational spite efforts increase efficiency production cotton spun town dozen mills standing majority light engineering distribution centres post industrial history population continued grow result intensive housing redevelopment housing districts construction retail business parks provide employment town subsequently described better greater manchester despite turn millennium 2000s filming location bbc police drama life mars particularly area near lion mill life mars set 1970s manchester governance lying historic county boundaries lancashire early 12th century constituted estate held tenants paid tax king middle ages formed township parish cum law order upheld locality chosen community appointed annually meetings following poor law amendment act formed poor law union inter parish unit established provide social security local board health established local board health regulatory body responsible standards township noted large village sub district registration district neighbouring township amalgamated area local board following local government act area local board urban district local government district administrative county lancashire urban district council based town hall purpose built local board neighbouring municipal borough transferred urban district local government act urban district abolished april formed area metropolitan borough local government district metropolitan county greater manchester metropolitan borough north south terms parliamentary representation reform act represented parliamentary borough constituency members mps william john winston_churchill constituency boundaries changed 20th century central west death represented house_of_commons michael member labour_party geography miles north northwest london lies foothills roughly feet sea level larger towns lie north south respectively purposes office national statistics forms greater manchester urban area manchester city centre miles southwest described samuel lewis dictionary england aspect wild lies shallow valley land sources rivers northeast east respectively southwesterly onwards manchester uniting waters river manchester city centre general slope land decreases height away east west reaches high points feet hill feet summit edge ridge elevated land leads soils town broadly sand clay built environment follows standard urban structure consisting residential dwellings centred high street town centre local centre commerce mixture low density urban areas suburbs semi rural rural locations overwhelmingly land use town residential hill acre country park consisting open mature beech woodlands suburban include fold long sight salmon fields field township amalgamated century according office national statistics time united_kingdom census urban core sub area total resident population considered combination electoral north south population population density urban area inhabitants square mile km2 female male ratio years old single married married divorced households included person married couples living couples single parents children aged academic qualifications census residents reported christian muslim hindu buddhist census recorded having religion alternative religion state religion population described broadly working class pockets lower middle class communities particularly southwest town near border growing middle middle class community north near hill country park economy 18th century onwards economy closely tied britain textile manufacture industrial revolution particularly cotton spinning sector lies coal mining economic role area early 17th century mining peaked 19th century town pits prone repeated flooding owners began close coal production began decline local spinning industry pit closing economic activity focused acre business park salmon fields includes distribution companies manufacturing firms including bed manufacturers included vehicle assembly area green fields salmon fields business village proposed developed business park later decade despite objections estate ruin beautiful area cause noise pollution additional retail parks locality including centre mill retail park lies start motorway opposite town hall shopping containing shop units supermarket operated operative food site opened occupies town market street demolished report noted weakness lacks variety shops landmarks historically landmark hall township manor house inhabited local dignitaries construction early 13th century hall erected 16th century east wing crafted architectural style described seated deep valley surrounded high grounds firm built stone ancient date world war hall house belgian refugees following war bought john thomas took family south_africa stood converted flats hall fell disrepair 1930s demolished foundations structure excavated leading discovery original glass tudor tower town hall purpose built municipal building opened september james chairman local board health constructed free style architecture includes roof clock tower topped copper entrance flies union flag clock tower inscribed sides latin time flies sic years pass regards end clock face east facing half size local tale church holy trinity constructed clock western facade clock tower faced reduced clock face size town hall said retaliation war memorial lies summit hill erected memory men gave lives freedom honour country world war portland stone originally bore plaques listing fallen bronze sculpture victory base commissioned war memorial committee unveiled october edward stanley 17th earl derby original plaques stolen replacements later installed grounds church paul library library gift andrew opened edward stanley 4th baron stanley member parliament area prominent writers bacon inscribed windows building face entrance transport public transport major roads link settlements including road originally built southeast forming town main street continuing northwards terminates village lancashire motorway runs north area accessed junction junction motorway terminates southwestern boundary railway station lay end branch junction loop line route connected manchester station opened closed april featured steep line junction october caused accident goods train ran control gradient station killing february coach runaway train crashed railway station continued high barn street houses damaged driver train injured fatal severe injuries public people damaged houses taken hospital suffering shock case fractured frequent buses running services variety destinations greater manchester bus services operate manchester operated greater manchester services education village school founded continued provide education new school linked parish church paul opened village school local sunday school split paul reopening day school village school closed demolished suburb served school kind including religious schools town perform national average test results primary schools including primary school primary secondary schools school lady high school secondary comprehensive school year olds science college status constructed lady roman catholic high school sixth form college year olds established mathematics computing 2000s council diocese agreed merge lady canterbury high school proposal newly built catholic secondary new site 2010s met protest sports town amateur association football club established works alliance league changed town team won alliance premier division unbeaten half seasons progressing lancashire amateur league played premier division manchester football league cricket club plays central lancashire cricket league winning occasions golf club lies western fringe town prime hole golf course spanning yards club operates variety open competitions amateur swimming water polo club serving town years affiliated central lancashire swimming association long rich history water polo section players latest joe played london olympics lack pool time junior teams successful playing manchester leagues central leagues religion medieval church ecclesiastical purposes lay parish cum diocese diocese divided diocese chester turn divided present diocese manchester created ritual marriages people christian community travel churches lay outside township boundaries including mary mary chapel ease mother church mary built paid voluntary contributions chapel consecrated july dedicated paul paul chapel extended 19th century population grew tower clock added extensions nave chapel demolished existing church building neo gothic style erected paul west diocese manchester church congregation recently relocated addition established church variety reformed denominations practised religious society friends recorded holding early baptist meeting place erected regularly visited workshop established town primitive established room building purpose built church erected roman catholicism english reformation began disused factory chapel sir owner hall gave land construction new catholic school chapel opened local priest lived hall built church dedicated saints rebuilt forms roman catholic diocese continues catholic community supported lady high school public services home office provided greater manchester police demolition police station public transport transport greater manchester statutory emergency fire rescue service provided greater manchester fire rescue service hospitals royal hospital lies boundary neighbouring local health care provided health centre surgery care foundation trust health centre opened october replaced health centre criticised limited space poor layout primary care trust plan sell old health centre premises north west ambulance service provides emergency patient transport area forms health care provided locally small specialist opened traces origins cottage hospital built 1930s legacy john local general medical officer health registered charity provides specialist care adults non life threatening illnesses waste management greater manchester waste disposal authority locally produced waste disposal sent valley distribution network operator electricity united utilities power stations town united utilities manages drinking waste water water supplies sourced local including notable people people called historically chiefly distinguished presence lines dignitaries lived locality john turf lane inventor substantial improvement machinery cotton john born recipient victoria_cross highest military decoration awarded face enemy members british commonwealth forces described kid jack wild born years moved london parents wild played role musical film oliver nominated academy_award best supporting actor performance notable people include actor brien gained notoriety role film songs glamour model marsh radio television presenter nick


scottish royal largest town council area angus scotland population lies north_sea coast miles miles evidence settlement area occupied town dates iron age history town begins high middle ages founding abbey grew considerably industrial revolution owing expansion firstly secondly industries engineering sector new harbour built 20th century larger fishing ports scotland town notable home declaration town football team hold world record highest number goals scored professional football match won accord scottish cup history earliest recorded town reference burn runs town prefix coming earlier term river mouth found numerous spelling variations earliest manuscripts available seen letter edward confirming treaty salisbury agreed queen margaret maid norway marry edward subsequent letter giving consent marriage declaration seen early maps number variants including modern common mid-19th century older largely time edition ordnance survey maps variants 17th century including early history area occupied period material taken enclosure near miles north dated function enclosure unknown agriculture ceremonial purposes bronze age found abundance surrounding area examples include short found near west mile north town included pottery pair silver discs gold iron age represented example nearby cemetery west conan better known examples area appears importance early christian period evidenced stone carvings found restoration church housed small museum stones building old church unfortunately badly damaged stones 9th century stone distinction artefacts inscription latin text interpreted ways thought second line refers king reigned medieval history modern development abbey founded king william lion monks order abbey received dedication saint thomas king personal foundation buried abbey finally completed location battle series disagreements chief alexander earl bishop james kennedy resulted bishop lands burning properties troubles felt incompatible role chief monks abbey selected alexander replacement insult led pitched battle town leaving dead including large parts town destroyed aftermath family abbey relatively quickly fell eventual disrepair dissolution reformation lead roof rumoured 16th century civil wars stonework plundered town ruins popular site travellers 17th 18th centuries finally remains taken care state preservation remains administered historic scotland april scottish parliament met abbey addressed pope declaration drafted abbot time bernard document detailed services lord sovereign robert bruce rendered scotland affirmed terms independence scots created royal james 17th century church near communion held years villagers believed curse church curse said communion held church fall large subterranean lake modern history rising known town large portion able bodied men joined army principal ports men supplies landed france ports north east_coast collectively formed asset value cause industrial revolution economy expanded population town expanded new housing having constructed house influx workers moderately known production mills employing producing million yards cloth yards believed source sails mills employed people prominent manufacture shoes local firm alexander supplied old course england lawn tennis club today known connection scottish fishing industry original dating 14th 18th centuries replaced larger harbour local council tried find fishermen interested migrating order advantage new facilities offered town council contacted fishermen nearby including fishing industry grew peak years vessels worked hundreds men employed directly fishermen hundreds employed ashore service fishing vessels process fish cuts took toll fishing industry scotland 1980s present today remains designated landing port fish auction takes place remains open landing large fishing vessel operating regularly owned vessels operating ports north fish processing sector remains largest employers town fish processing comes occasionally iceland norway ireland governance royal king william lion time abbey established permitted monks hold weekly market basic justice establish harbour town king james scotland town council appointed point fully fledged royal lord town commemorate occasion presented ticket office silver engraved coat arms views locality controlled town council time king james county angus amalgamated counties city control regional council angus city perth established following reorganisation local government etc scotland act local government represented angus council west east elected members elected ward local elections elected west alex king scottish national party david scottish conservative david independent smith scottish national party elected east ward morrison scottish national party bob independent welsh scottish national party scottish conservative parliamentary representation elections house_of_commons forms angus constituency represented michael held seat increased majority votes general election angus south constituency scottish parliament having angus constituency abolition significantly different boundaries westminster constituency constituency returns member scottish parliament directly north east scotland electoral region regards additional members scottish parliament constituency currently scottish national party geography located north_sea coast eastern scotland miles northeast angus region sits predominantly old red sandstone lower lying parts town sea level immediately ice age located miles northeast glasgow miles southwest miles edinburgh neighbouring villages considered purposes council representation share telephone area code climate typical british marine climate heavily influenced position sea narrow differences temperature seasons january average high july climate somewhat dry sunny compared scottish standards millimetres precipitation hours sunshine data sourced averages met office weather station residents called refer red red lamp harbour light tower entrance harbour aid shipping entering aforementioned harbour census population approximately born scotland born united_kingdom residents making population males females moderate rate unemployment population claiming unemployment related social welfare benefits economy employers outside public sector workers economically active population people public sector largest employer residents closely followed manufacturing retail sector fishing industry accounts fewer people processing sector considered separately manufacturing figure people relates directly catching support sectors history prospects originally revolved harbour original harbour constructed maintained abbot terms agreement john abbot gave way port turn enlarged improved sea wall walls added old inner harbour cost major port coastal shipping trade registered vessels totalling gross tons year vessels docked foreign ports mainly baltic ports remaining employed coastal trade bark hides oak fir timber london numerous articles baltic produce imported manufactured goods mainly exported driven needs fishing commercial sailing industry based sail maker francis ltd perfected art adding oil sails creating developed century cotton drove manufacturing centre early 1970s manufacturing began decline major employer keith closed lewis wound operations time entire plant eventually demolished way supermarket alps electric large employer employing staff following closure plant staff redundant military home commando royal marines based barracks originally built commissioned hms royal naval air station royal marines moved remain major contributor local economy addition marines stationed residents employed ministry defence royal marines commando recently engaged operations afghanistan deployed support operations iraq war speculation transferred army replacement fort george barracks permanent base battalion royal regiment scotland plans went planning stage confirmed royal marines remain based site housing house prices close national average april june national average local prices averaging compared national average average house price angus risen past year november stands angus council suggests recent upgrading dual lured driving house prices tourism tourism plays economy abbey attracting visitors year attractions summer months include spectacular includes themed maritime heritage enactment signing declaration declaration scottish independence past years mock viking invasion culminating burning home miniature railway oldest miniature railway scotland operating height saw visitors today railway operated hobby group volunteers remains popular locals tourists railway enthusiasts town features pound harbour visitor centre located close town centre features experience visitors maintained scottish tourist company explains town fishing history hosting restaurant gift shop transport road connects south west north east joins north leads north dual southern outskirts northern outskirts proceeds crossing estuary road bridge reached heading north south perth edinburgh modest public bus transport system bus station serving town main terminus travel national express operate local services rural services operated railway station short walk bus station regional train services east_coast scotland edinburgh perth glasgow whilst services operate destinations england newcastle birmingham york london passenger services provided trains sleeper virgin trains east_coast regional airport offers commercial flights london city airport times week airport metre runway capable serving small aircraft located kilometres west city centre adjacent river nearest major international airports edinburgh airfield royal marines military base western outskirts town remains dedicated military airfield education education college angus college based high school buildings secondary schools primary schools primary school roman catholic remaining schools non pupils primary school education pupils secondary education secondary schools secondary schools high school academy high school older originally grammar school academy comprehensive academy located near area high school near pond schools regarded exam results reading writing performance national average high larger pupils academy smaller pupils noted pupils high school include michael scottish secretary andrew professional plays education angus college education college students passing course time students time students making majority student population student town student residences town student population solely local students living distance college angus college offers courses higher national diploma level variety trade related academic disciplines construction social sciences number programs relating computing information technology office administration large number student body mature students taking evening classes related computing digital photography software packages school going study university choice local institutions university university university university hour travel places worship neighbouring villages considered purposes council representation church scotland number congregations meet old abbey church located centre town west abbey street shortly welcome minister church located hamilton green minister martin fair associate minister stuart church located howard street minister west located street minister graham number church scotland surrounding villages church linked church services led church linked church church linked church church minister churches peter phillips congregation based mary virgin church springfield terrace minister john mary church evolved meeting house set forced parish church present church building dates scottish episcopal church diocese scottish episcopal church king david scotland church roman_catholic_church meets thomas canterbury church street priest kevin golden church roman catholic diocese parish includes primary school celebrated anniversary methodist church earliest established churches john opened services led david groups worship include corps salvation army meet church led herd meet place meet new life church james street witnesses meet kingdom hall street springfield christian assembly meet gospel hall lane town mission group led robert meet grant road followers denominations travel worship culture theatre featured harry jimmy charlie illegal eagles brothers venue alexander brothers scottish easy listening act performed professional duo theatre recently went multi million pounds refurbishment opened february amateur theatre musical companies based best known angus group group britain regularly perform following pressure angus council feared legal action began performing normal stage makeup group changed angus black white simply angus decision stop performing received widespread press coverage beginning commemorating signing declaration held remains abbey scale event run local abbey society abbey registered charity story history signing group scotland day celebrations april association angus council educational visits local schools male voice choir established male voice left scotland choir members drawn angus choir musical director sing mix songs classical scottish pop ensemble perform main concerts year christmas spring smaller events good causes choir notable attracting known international singers annual spring concert guests recent years included karen gordon forbes march saw international diva choir special guest author sir walter scott famous series novels including rob roy scott known visited times personal favourite series features versions museum bell rock lighthouse signal tower base operations building bell rock lighthouse shore station lighthouse bell rock signal tower completed acted keepers offshore signal tower museum opened visitor centre detailing history lighthouse town known nationally internationally solely following award protected geographical indication limits production traditional methods dating late 19th century fish overnight preserve left tied pairs dry dried fish hung special barrel containing hardwood fire covered lid hour smoking fish golden brown ready eat preparation remains cottage industry centred exclusively harbour area larger supplied supermarket chains appears firm smoking fish salmon trout longer supplies royal warrant queen elizabeth_ii company holds royal warrant sport professional football team play second division scottish football league promotion division season play home matches park holds record closest stadium sea european football metres high tide line holds world record largest winning margin senior football match scottish cup match accord scratch team september goals clear ball gone goal reason supporters club called club memory event nicknamed red owing red light guide fishing boats north_sea harbour scots word light surrounding areas home amateur senior junior teams competing amateur leagues victoria rugby union club clubs world british singles champion native successful cricket club having won eastern scottish cup popular location public services surrounding area supplied water scottish water parts angus supplied electricity distribution scottish electric scottish southern energy group waste management handled angus council recycling scheme operation cans glass paper plastic bottles collected weekly basis material non material collected alternate weeks roughly thirds non material sent angus council site remainder sent energy recovery outside council area recycling centre located loan items accepted include steel aluminium cans cardboard paper electrical equipment engine oil garden waste gas bottles glass liquid food drinks plastic bottles plastic carrier bags rubble scrap metal shoes tin foil wood yellow pages angus council publishes details product processed glass banks shopping centre car park car park east road angus council area recycling rate healthcare supplied area found road hill hospital primary health care supplied abbey health centre east abbey street springfield medical centre street rest scotland served scottish ambulance service law enforcement provided police scotland police station located served scottish fire rescue service currently remaining launched scotland located harbour station houses class duncan weather class named infamous rock bell rock lighthouse sits photos information history statistics found stations website notable people alexander angus poet inventor hot air fellow royal society david founder motor company inventor overhead valve engine james inventor postage stamp promoter uniform postal rate bernard died abbot chancellor scotland bishop isles known bernard widely credited 18th century author declaration abbot abbey town statue robert bruce holding aloft declaration sited west cricket common diamond presenter scottish john proprietor newspaper philanthropist born james gibson architect george gordon engineer civil engineer working netherlands india australia sir harry lived age opera singer especially gilbert sullivan james later earl chairman line british india company born educated morris recorded major musical artists including collins andy stewart musician entertainer lived boy retired george scott commissioner salvation army 2nd command william booth paul andy scotland international caps date grew educated prior departing clubs parents reside town captained united scottish cup victory graham american football nfl


wellington somerset wellington small industrial town rural somerset england situated miles south west district near border devon runs hills south town town population includes residents parish wellington villages tone known anglo saxon period changed time book wellington town royal charter middle ages grew centre trade road bristol exeter major rebuilding took place following fire town centre cloth making wellington gave duke wellington arthur commemorated nearby wellington monument grand western canal reached town bristol exeter railway town railway station survived wellington home fox company commercial bank permitted print sterling england wales 20th century closer links meant residents wellington work motorway enabled car journeys easily local industries include factory bed manufacturers celebrated wellington museum fore street wellington home independent wellington school state funded court fields school home range cultural sporting religious sites including 15th century church john baptist capital city new_zealand named arthur 1st duke wellington title comes town wellington somerset england history grant edward elder gave land known means wealthy estate west bishops bishop exchange monastery devon alternative explanation origin settlement temple clearing time book changed estate owned bishop wells parish wellington site farm near identified having bronze age occupation excavations prior building new homes found occupied century building decorated floor tiles covering hectares acres royal charter gave wellington status town medieval period grew centre trade road bristol exeter laid church east end town similar manner towns era manor sold edward 1st duke somerset reverted control bishops execution end 16th century come protection john lord chief justice descendants built manor house destroyed english civil war major rebuilding took place town following fire town importance grew centre somerset devon importance trade centre enhanced fires census people recorded cloth workers wellington wellington gave duke wellington arthur nearby wellington hill boasts large honour wellington monument wellington monument feet high triangular tower designated english_heritage grade listed building erected celebrate duke wellington victory battle foundation stone laid land belonging duke monument completed owned national trust announced plans monument cost million 18th century arrived area 19th communications improved building grand western canal reached town bristol exeter railway wellington station opened line reached town typical design rebuilt loop lines entailed platforms moved accommodate widened lines platforms clearly visible goods shed stands east line end station station closed october wellington important station stood foot steep banking locomotives kept ready assist heavy westbound trains tunnel 20th century closer links meant residents wellington work motorway opened sections 1960s 1970s enabled car journeys easily fox bank thomas fox started fox company bank wellington rapidly expanded ran successfully merged bank private bank england issue notes legal tender notes left circulation british museum example display bank established head office old family house fore street wellington today bank branch opened branches super mare south original note display tone house possible left governance wellington tiers local government parish district county level present system dates april local government act came effect lowest tier wellington town council formed successor parish wellington urban district council town council headed town mayor elections town town divided wellington east returning wellington north green wellington west political composition council november liberal democrats conservative party labour_party town council provides purely local services area south town falls civil parish wellington middle district tier administration borough borough council based consists seven borough elected wellington liberal democrats belong conservative labour parties electoral wellington north south west upper tier somerset county council based council elected single member electoral division town comprises wellington electoral division falling mainly rural division wellington east represented labour liberal democrat councillor somerset county council responsible running largest expensive local services education social services library roads public transport trading standards waste disposal strategic planning fire police ambulance services provided jointly authorities devon somerset fire rescue service somerset south western ambulance service elections house_of_commons parliament united_kingdom wellington forms constituency constituency member parliament past post system election following review parliamentary representation somerset boundary commission england created modified constituency change reflect district european parliament elections town included south west england constituency method party list proportional representation geography town dependent villages including west independent village green west town incorporated town green wedge land wellington park gift fox family town memorial coronation king edward vii acres gardens laid included rock garden tons limestone quarry near grade listed english_heritage register parks gardens special historic interest england restored cost included grant heritage lottery fund public parks initiative local nature reserves wellington basins western fringe town includes small pond variety wildlife habitats grassland woodland home varied flora fauna including birds grey reed separate bat species recorded site pond south wellington local nature reserve site includes pond provides home amphibians including great climate wellington oceanic climate climate classification rest south west england wellington temperate climate generally rest country annual mean temperature approximately seasonal temperature variation extreme united_kingdom adjacent sea temperatures summer months july august mean daily approximately winter mean minimum temperatures common summer azores high pressure affects south west england convective cloud forms inland reducing number hours sunshine annual sunshine rates slightly regional average hours december days sun recorded rainfall south west caused atlantic depressions convection rainfall autumn winter caused atlantic depressions active summer large proportion rainfall caused sun heating ground leading convection showers thunderstorms average rainfall days snowfall typical november march highest mean wind speeds june august winds predominant wind direction south west town population large growth occurred 1970s housing developments built south town largely prompted wellington proximity junction motorway economy wellington main industry wool making november best known dragons den bbc television programme invested fox brothers mill produces wool cloth row designers clients world fox family established mill mill complex includes listed buildings prince regeneration trust supporting tone mill regeneration partnership attempting preserve area mixed development commercial residential use included heritage risk register produced english_heritage fox family house wellington tone house owned ben victoria fox ben great great great great grandson thomas fox tone house run thriving events hire venue house parties weddings corporate events company big house local industries celebrated wellington museum fore street wellington home fox company commercial bank permitted print sterling england wales town largely dependent industry notably factory benefited growth brand products 1970s produces products founded walter gregory ltd manufactured animal products company produced commercial basically farm products air bed manufacturers employ people company started wool merchant price brothers business soon moved manufacturing beds changed ltd acquired international holdings ltd quoted south african group transport town served wellington railway station bristol exeter railway october extra locomotives attached heavy trains help tunnel way south railway london bristol north continue pass town trains stop nearest railway stations parkway campaign started reopen railway station town close junction motorway spent year 1970s temporary terminal junction whilst motorway junctions finished important link education wellington home public school wellington school founded boys school solitary day girl allowed join sixth form following year wellington educational school opened new junior school having previously pupils aged december school commissioned new multi purpose examination hall english department adjacent sports centre notable alumni wellington school include actor david chef keith floyd peer lord archer main secondary school town court fields school school includes sports complex completed early religious sites despite small size wellington historically notable churches different denominations including meeting house grade listed 15th century church john baptist includes monument john roman_catholic_church john fisher built converted roman_catholic_church presbyterian independent church culture wellington amateur dramatic group formed 1960s called wellington arts association holds productions wellington arts centre theatre includes genesis youth theatre group society group civic players spectrum arts crafts cinema built traditional art style period auditorium seats people levels run independent cinema wellington district camera club meets new science block wellington school club affiliated western counties photographic federation wellington arts association town weekly newspaper wellington weekly news published community website providing news views town wellington wellington town germany town france portugal town home wellington silver band fourth section brass band band trace origins formed volunteer band 2nd battalion prince albert light infantry sport wellington cricket club ground road teams somerset cricket league wellington football club formed play western football league wellington club formed uses facilities rugby club court fields community school rugby club founded team plays cornwall devon league grand national winning horse prepared victory race martin pipe pond house stables town


west sussex residential town borough west sussex england planned laid new town second world war based principle self contained surrounding town centre civic commercial buildings inner ring closest town centre intended largest designed original master plan built stages 1950s 1970s retains older buildings new town era significant areas pre new town character area settled pre roman people industrial artefacts era found construction neighbourhood 19th century connected national railway network housing developed south line brighton road divides modern neighbourhood new town era expansion produced large residential area high proportion houses range schools places worship community facilities historic buildings areas open space remain including award winning park population time united_kingdom census history century romans arrived britain area covered west sussex ruled tribe led found present area covered building work took place west development underway land covered hill farm occupied ridge land brighton roads land clearance revealed ditches filled debris bones pieces pottery year large house road demolished way new road houses builders discovered similar pits remains identified pre roman carbon dating techniques remains materials discovered confirmed era 2nd 1st centuries later confirmed hill farm remains dated roman era meaning pottery producing activities continued time excavations investigation finished evidence iron small flint roof tiles possibly building site pieces pottery found discoveries confirmed time existence iron age pre roman industrial development area northern sussex occupied despite investigation analysis initially discouraged commission new towns responsible town development stage want building work delayed tried prevent archaeologists professionals enthusiasts general public alike visiting hill farm site searching remains workers site forbidden discovery fact time second site developed attitudes changed professional groups involved beginning began develop slowly 13th century granted royal charter market ecclesiastical parish centred john baptist church tiny comparison neighbouring worth parish unusual shape narrow long north south gradually widening north met county boundary surrey directed development northwards high street ancient london brighton road provided impetus development begin road partly act parliament fully time distinction london road section north church brighton road southwards built north south town known north gate south gate connected railway network line built bridges crossed high street level crossing south end built area provision fast regular trains london destinations stimulated residential commercial development especially station south line brighton road plenty land building second half 19th century building firms important pre new town history exploited building areas housing exist today forming northernmost neighbourhood richard cook set building firm railway line soon completion early 1870s built streets mainly houses west brighton road context later history area called new town persisted years connection later establishment new town new towns act merely coincidence based springfield road west street junction cook yard new town area houses early 1880s james established building company nearby built estate houses east brighton road roads east park road mixture cottages semi detached houses detached houses large built red brick large houses built sides brighton road park road brighton roads began built saw residential development interwar period apart residential buildings farms associated land little area known development corporation started building neighbourhood 1950s shops corn merchant premises brewery built near level crossing late 19th century permanent cinema imperial established nearby replacing temporary structure burnt rebuilt superseded larger building town centre 1930s car 1940s brighton road near hill farm iron age remains later found half moon inn hotel built late 19th century rebuilt west park established recreational area early 20th century covers acres recreational features include play areas children playing fields sports pitches lakes golf course miniature railway world war area hit high explosive bombs bombs attack caused greatest loss life happened july victorian streets hit flying bombs landed road detonate destroyed houses killed seven people injured exploded junction oak road west street new town era designated new town january new towns act identified suitable site development corporation formed led architect thomas bennett anthony provided master plan town development proposed double ring surrounding extended town centre form southern inner ring town centre southern section planned ring road existed formed avenues built area excluding park lie neighbourhood northwest corner hectares acres development intended place stages east east brighton road built early 1950s land west brighton road west reserved expansion neighbourhood early 1960s stages delayed development corporation plan east years building started work eventually carried making seventh neighbourhood started west suffered longer delays partly problems planned construction processes work started wait plans submitted archaeological discoveries caused delays west complete master plan proposed neighbourhood centre consisting community centre public house school church shopping parade integral neighbourhood initially development corporation provided temporary community centre buildings west sussex county council provided permanent facility shopping parade built drive east mid-1950s development corporation tried provide architectural diversity designed arcade mary church built opposite parade infant junior schools provided halves neighbourhood early 21st century commercial development spread avenue south railway line series seven storey office blocks built international hotel stands nearby location south neighbourhood includes town centre west green valley railway line forms boundary green lies west southwest south green shares small border east separated avenue bypass built 1930s avenue brighton road original coaching route later main road london brighton runs heart north south neighbourhood roughly covers hectares acres new town planned neighbourhood allocated colour appears street signs neighbourhood colour dark brown governance urban district formed divided boundaries identical extant planned years district borough town thirteen position remained electoral review created new changes ward boundaries remained neighbourhood ward neighbourhood administrative ward divisions collecting census statistical demographic data population time united_kingdom census fifth populous neighbourhood based acre area population density inhabitants acre twice high inhabitants acre density overall census date households owned rented borough council public sector landlord rented privately occupied rent free proportions identical housing tenure mix relatively high population density partly explained relatively high proportion residents live purpose built flats types compared figure low rise blocks flats built west 1970s particular extensive heights development storey blocks prevalent housing type residents live house proportion west according census residents white asian asian british black black british mixed race ethnic background proportion white people slightly higher asian people slightly lower overall proportions comparable age profile census date older common inner residents years old years old years old older corresponding figures economy modern primarily residential area undeveloped new town created commercial industrial development existed brighton road railway line farming provided employment sets local shops serve modern neighbourhood proximity town centre main transport routes mean intended anthony residents travel outside employment shopping requirements common areas land south held large farms farm small scale farm highest point area feet sea level hill farm named pigs farmed stood ridge east brighton road main building firms yards works victorian streets near railway line richard cook firm built houses streets 19th century new town development founded based corner new streets works included poor drainage led soil dirty water surrounding area committee amateur pressure group demanded improvements years proper drains eventually laid cook sons advertisements revealed range products manufactured works bricks tiles pipes pottery team labourers carried types building contracting work james sons famous business largest people worked moved small firm hill bought farm expansion rapid received commissions christ hospital school near king edward vii hospital choir stalls westminster abbey railway station owned london brighton south coast railway sons soon company quickly southeast england main building firms nearly ruined march timber works stock inside machines destroyed fire firm recovered able tender wide range contracts new town era including school manor royal industrial estate fire station queen square shopping area college tower block extension building firm survives cook lasted new town era wound work survives streets peter church west green school churchyard margaret church company ceased trading works associated buildings demolished soon way housing hotel international hotel conference facilities large health fitness suite restaurant built site end east park star hotel public buildings facilities mary church anglican parish church churches green linked daughter churches architects henry martin smith designed concrete glass structure small bell tower adjoining hall opened increase capacity church drive opposite main shopping parade church jesus christ day saints road designed chief architect town sir thomas bennett built land provided development corporation gateway church international road non church associated new international movement building roof catholic school pupil voluntary aided secondary school opened house park extended times comprehensive pupils include robert smith rock band cure roman catholic primary school francis school located drive primary school formed merger school middle school site school pupil fast growing school turn formed original county infant junior school opened residential development west resulted opening middle schools respectively closed replaced primary school development corporation set sub committee decide public houses provided new town pub built shortly shopping parade manor pub restaurant near park half moon remains brighton road july half moon closed refurbishment reopen august new moon catherine charity provides care patients west sussex surrey based road 19th century new built playing fields avenue heritage listed buildings structures borough manor park grade listed 16th century farmhouse restaurant pub conversion actor peter owned lived building timber framed houses time little visible upper floor hung red tiles roof stone original open fireplace remains inside signal box level crossing high street grade listed building railway line built roof borough council designated conservation area level crossing brighton road falls boundaries park road given status area special environmental quality park given green flag award july recognition high standards locally listed buildings seven museum based park house park march plans announced town possibly tree house vacant council owned listed building town centre park house designed architect william built based firm behalf banker red brick bath stone sandstone building combines queen anne revival vernacular styles large grounds park house brighton road dates originally bank branch striking corner turret windows detailed treatment ground floor elevation local landmark road forming semi detached houses similar date retain original features carved timber stained glass local building firm james company built park road developed large houses early 20th century park lodge hall offices examples park lodge considerably altered retains character late victorian red brick villa hall later eccentric resembling villa featuring style projection corner nearby brighton road large detached villa example richard cook century housing new town area red brick walls ornate timber framed original windows mary church local list transport operates local bus services serves stops route longer distance route runs road nearest railway station rear entrance east park road north neighbourhood levels vehicle ownership measured census lower census date mean number vehicles household overall figure households transport compared overall


romanian pronunciation commonly known second populous city romania national capital seat county northwestern country geographically roughly kilometres miles belgrade located river valley city considered unofficial capital historical province official capital grand names city include german hungarian hungarian pronunciation medieval latin inhabitants live city limits marking slight increase figure recorded census metropolitan area population people population urban area romanian exceeds residents new metropolitan government operational december according estimate provided county population register service city hosts visible population students non residents average people year city spreads michael church square built 14th century named michael patron saint boundaries municipality contain area square kilometres experienced decade decline 1990s international reputation suffering policies mayor time today city important academic cultural industrial business centres romania institutions hosts country largest university university famous botanical garden nationally renowned cultural institutions largest romanian owned commercial bank european youth capital etymology site city pre roman settlement named roman conquest area place known possible include names tribes greek term meaning valley european root flow swim damp written mention city current royal borough medieval latin despite fact county recorded document thomas comes believed county designation derives existed prior mention vice versa respect camp widely accepted latin term meaning closed place similar senses attributed slavic term meaning key german meaning mountain pass latin slavic names attributed valley narrows closes hills west alternative hypothesis relates city magistrate hungarian form recorded underwent changes years means castle hungarian variant appears document saxon appeared form romanian city spelled alternately case communist authorities added city nationalist gesture pre roman roots rarely outside official contexts known nickname treasure city acquired late 16th century refers wealth amassed residents including precious metals trade phrase hungarian given romanian history roman empire roman empire conquered rule roman settlement established recorded milestone discovered vicinity city successor granted status later 2nd century city gained status provincial capital seat evacuated romans references urban settlement site better millennium middle ages beginning middle ages groups buildings existed current site city wooden fortress civilian settlement developed current museum place city centre precise date conquest hungarians known earliest hungarian artifacts found region dated half 10th century case time city kingdom hungary king stephen city seat castle county king saint hungary founded abbey destroyed invasions civilian colony castle village built northwest ancient later late 12th century new village settled large groups encouraged reign crown prince stephen duke reliable mention settlement dates document king hungary village villa granted bishop august rule new king charles hungary granted status city latin reward contribution defeat rebellious craft established second half 13th century based commerce craft production displaced older landed elite town leadership privilege granted city opted jurisdiction vice royal judges obtained right elect member jury year king born ordered city_council consisting men half composed bone wealthy people supplying half elect chief judge jury agreement reached providing half representatives city_council drawn hungarian half saxon population judicial offices held rotating basis eastern hungarian kingdom transformed ottoman turks occupied central kingdom hungary period economic cultural prosperity followed served political capital princes enjoyed support princes greater extent establishing connections important centres eastern_europe time prague vienna 16th 18th centuries terms religion protestant ideas appeared middle 16th century service preacher grew importance swiss doctrine diet adopted radical religion characterised free interpretation bible denial trinity stephen founded catholic jesuit academy city order promote anti reform movement success year personal union michael brave treaty monarchy 17th century suffered great suffering plague devastating fires end century brought end turkish sovereignty found city wealth municipal freedom cultural political significance population gradually regained important position headquarters revolution moved present day group romanian intellectuals drew petition known sent emperor vienna petition demanded equality romanian nation respect nations saxon hungarian governed rejected diet 19th century beginning city centre hungarian national movement erupted hungarian revolution point austrians gaining control trapping hungarians flanks hungarian army headed polish general launched offensive christmas revolution regime established followed liberal regime came power period government granted equal rights ethnic briefly diet abolished laws voted proclaimed law concerning union hungary modern university founded intention promoting integration hungary city romanian language schools church run elementary schools printed romanian periodical appear austro hungarian compromise integrated kingdom hungary time largest important cities kingdom seat county ethnic suffered oppression persecution grievances found expression memorandum petition sent political leaders austro hungarian emperor king joseph asked equal rights hungarians demanded end attempts emperor memorandum hungarian capital authors arrested tried sentenced prison high treason trial approximately people come demonstrated streets city support defendants year later king gave pardon advice hungarian prime minister hungarian government decided hungarian place names prohibited use german romanian versions city official government documents 20th century autumn world war drew close centre revolutionary activity headed october appeal organisation union thirty delegates elected attend proclamation union kingdom romania december later acknowledged internationally treaty interwar years saw new authorities embark campaign wolf statue donated rome set plaque written historian placed statue romanian paternal ancestry construction imposing orthodox cathedral began city tenth inhabitants belonged orthodox state church mixed results hungarians dominated local economic certain extent cultural life instance hungarian daily newspapers romanian rest northern hungary second vienna award nazi_germany fascist italy germans occupied hungary march installed puppet government forced large scale measures city headquarters local located new_york hotel authorities began relocation jews iris captured jews occurred june despite facing severe sanctions hungarian administration jews escaped border romania assistance intellectuals peasants october city captured romanian soviet troops formally restored kingdom romania treaty paris january march romanian students come restoration northern rose claims autonomy nostalgic hungarians new way life imposed soviets resulting clashes street fights hungarian revolution produced powerful echo city real possibility demonstrations students peers border uprising protests provided romanian authorities pretext speed process unification local romanian hungarian universities allegedly contemplated events hungarians remained majority city population 1960s began hungarians population increase result government forced city new jobs communist period city recorded high industrial development enforced construction expansion october city celebrated years mention communist government changed city adding late 20th early 21st century romanian revolution scenes rebellion killed approximately injured end rule nationalist politician mayor governed years tenure marked strong romanian nationalism acts ethnic hungarian speaking minority foreign investment june voted office city entered period rapid economic growth mayor concurrently president democratic liberal party went elected prime minister returning mayor geography located central surface area square kilometres city lies confluence mountains plateau plain valleys extent secondary valleys rivers southern city occupies upper terrace northern slope hill surrounded sides hills mountains heights metres metres plateau situated east northern town includes hills peaks hills located western districts hills located near centre city built banks river city crossed brooks streams runs centre town wide variety flora grow botanical garden animals found refuge city number parks largest central park park founded 19th century includes artificial lake island largest casino city notable parks city park university features sport facilities park eponymous student housing district high elevation opera park building romanian opera surroundings city surrounded forests rare species plants venus iris found botanical reservations mill valley reservation animals rabbits live nearby forest areas forest hosts park exhibits dating people report alien encounters forest large networks connect old churches city presence monster nearby lake modern metre ski resort sits hill altitude difference metres highest lowest points ski resort offers outdoor lighting artificial snow ski tow winter resort located approximately kilometres city includes ski trails advanced respectively mare summer resorts included metropolitan area large number castles countryside surroundings constructed wealthy medieval families living city notable castle known versailles nearby village kilometres city centre castle set film forest hanged won award cannes castles located vicinity city castle constructed family features castle castle located area addition monastery erected 18th century important pilgrimage site northern monastery houses renowned wonder working madonna icon said february march time nobles officers clergy came looking sides crossed returned home wonder seen feast commemorating death virgin mary august people country come visit monastery climate continental climate characterised warm dry summers cold winters climate influenced city proximity mountains west atlantic influences present winter autumn winter temperatures rarely drop average snow covers ground days winter summer average temperature approximately average july august despite fact temperatures reach mid summer city centre average precipitation humidity summer low heavy violent storms spring autumn temperatures vary precipitation time tends higher summer frequent periods rain city best air quality european_union according research published french magazine air quality organization studied largest cities law government administration city government headed mayor office held returned year local election term having resigned prime minister decisions approved discussed local government local elected city divided districts laid city hall intends develop local administrative branches districts years massive urban development areas named districts south construction sites building areas like likely districts following years additionally capital county city hosts palace headquarters county council appointed romania central government allowed member political party role represent national government local level acting liaison implementation national development plans governing programmes local level like local councils romania local council county council city mayor elected years population capital historical region status day currently city largest vest development region equivalent nuts regions european_union european_union romanian government statistical analysis regional development vest development region administrative entity metropolitan area operational december comprises population includes seventeen executive democratic union hungarians romania departments headquartered local regional organisations romanian political parties order political influence hungarian minority nationalist founded party romanian national unity beginnings 1990s party present romanian parliament legislature party eventually moved main offices fell decline leadership joined similar institute research national minorities romanian government opened official headquarters hospitals function city run county health ministry additionally private medical offices justice system complex judicial organisation consequence status county capital court justice local judicial institution county tribunal jurisdiction courts appeals cases directed court appeals city hosts county commercial military municipal police force responsible crime city operates number special divisions police headquartered street city centre number city county police street city hall community police force dealing local community issues houses county crime surrounding area county rate criminal convictions inhabitants national average revolution criminal conviction rate county entered phase sustained growth reaching historic high began fall overall crime rate low petty crime foreigners large cities romania 1990s large financial institutions went bankrupt large scale fraud notorious case serial killer man hammer 1970s charged murders attempted murders imprisoned grounds insanity suffered blaming devil actions instead psychiatric facility following year forensic investigation thousand people questioned urban myths brought number victims women actual number smaller confusion probably explained lack attention case received despite magnitude communist press time poll shows high degree satisfaction work local police department half people surveyed poll declared satisfied satisfied activity county police department study found highest satisfaction car traffic supervision presence officers street road education negative corruption public transport safety remain concerns efforts local authorities district end 1990s reform protection children rights assistance street children proved insufficient lack funding policies absence real collaboration actors involved child rights protection social assistance service district labour social protection minors receiving centre guardian authority city hall police numerous street children poverty lack documented identity brings constant conflict local law enforcement following cooperation local governmental council prison fellowship romania foundation homeless people street children taken identified accommodated christian centers street children homeless people respectively centre features center street children consequence fluctuating movement children homeless people centre considerably reduced initial successfully integrated programme returning streets onwards seen increase illegal road races occur mainly night city outskirts industrial sites occasionally produce victims attempts organize legal races solution problem demographics city population census inhabitants total population romania population metropolitan area estimated finally population urban area numbers residents new metropolitan government operational december according data provided county population register service total population city high people variation number census data partially explained real growth population residing different counting methods reality people live officially registered director center population studies told number include floating population average thousand people year according source modern era population experienced phases rapid growth late 19th century city grew importance size second communist period massive campaign launched people migrated rural areas county capital thirds population growth era based net migration date ban abortion natural increase significant responsible remaining middle ages onwards city city diverse cultural religious life according romanian census data available population city ethnic second largest ethnic group hungarians population remainder composed germans jews data unavailable accounted today city receives large influx migrants people requested residence city terms religion data population romanian orthodox reformed roman catholic romanian greek catholic communities claimed population respectively religious groups like rounded rest data unavailable inhabitants contrast city reformed greek catholic roman catholic jewish orthodox lutheran contributing factors shifts emigration city jews greek catholic_church gradual decline hungarian population historical note jewish community figured centrally history wider region substantial increasingly vibrant presence modern era contributing significantly town economic cultural late 19th early 20th centuries community comprised significant share town population interwar era percent figure consequence holocaust emigration 1990s jews remained 14th century town inhabitants local elite largely descended settlers brought kings hungary twelfth thirteenth centuries develop defend southern borders province middle century roughly half population hungarian names reformation ethnic divisions lutheran hungarians remained catholic religious lines blurred isolated geographically main areas german settlement southern distinctive religious trajectory eventually hungarian majority generations new settlers town largely spoke hungarian language gradually adopted seventeenth century thirty royal free towns seven hungarian majority rest largely german dominated manner largely hungarian speaking remain mid-20th century residents identified german late form sizable minority contemporary romania small visible presence self identifying city comprise percent population familiar presence central market selling flowers clothes important object public discourse media representation national level small population major focus political activity hungarian community hungarians live city home second largest urban hungarian community romania active cultural academic life city features hungarian state theatre opera hungarian research institutions like respect religious affairs city houses central offices reformed diocese diocese evangelical lutheran church diocese train clergy protestant theological institute newspapers magazines published hungarian language community receives public private television radio broadcasts media students attended courses hungarian language university mayor notorious acts ethnic city streets colours romanian flag arranging outside city hungarian tensions subsided economy important economic centre romania famous local brands known national extent international level include american online magazine reports software activity romania taking place quickly romania invested million mobile telephone factory near began production february closed december opened research centre city shut april factory purchased italian manufacturer city houses regional national headquarters office depot new_yorker built factory near industrial park important regional commercial centre street avenue streets expensive venues yearly rent price euro ferdinand avenues feature high rental costs large including mall including large stores include branches international chains like metro stores retailers found city shopping centers guess triumph tommy city general budget amounted million equivalent million million pounds sterling previous year budget increased budgets respectively tourism hotel industry county offered total accommodations beds hotels rest total visitors foreigners stayed overnight considerable share visits visit single day exact number known largest numbers foreign visitors come hungary italy germany united_states france austria city travel agencies help organise domestic foreign trips car available arts culture diverse growing cultural scene cultural life exhibited number fields including visual arts performing arts city cultural scene spans history dating roman times city started built period left mark urban layout centered today surviving ruins medieval town saw shift centre new civil religious structures notably michael church 16th century city chief cultural religious centre 1820s half 1830s important centre hungarian theatre opera beginning 20th century hungarian city chief alternative cinematography incorporation kingdom romania end world war renamed saw resurgence romanian culture conspicuous completion monumental orthodox cathedral newly romanian national theatre marked romanian centre blocks east old hungarian centre romanian town like romanian hold means established end interwar period late 1960s brought revival nationalist discourse city gradually advanced city city home people different cultures corresponding cultural institutions hungarian state theatre british council centres promotion foreign cultures institutions hold eclectic honour cultures including hungarian japanese contemporary cultural cross ethnic boundaries aimed students arts science lovers landmarks number landmark buildings monuments saint michael church square built end 14th century gothic style period 19th century neo gothic tower church erected remains tallest church tower romania day church equestrian statue erected honour locally born king hungary orthodox church equivalent michael church orthodox cathedral square built interwar era romanian greek catholic_church cathedral cathedral landmark palace justice built designed architect wagner eclectic style building ensemble erected square includes national theatre palace palace palace finance palace orthodox metropolis important eclectic ensemble street featuring symmetrical buildings trend highlight city botanical garden situated vicinity centre garden home large parks notable central park casino large ensemble city notable figures buried cemetery covers hectares acres important cultural centre theatres museums include national museum history museum art museum museum water museum museums university university museum museum museum museum botanical museum museum visual arts terms visual arts city contains number galleries featuring classical contemporary romanian art selected international works national museum art located palace count representative secular construction built baroque style museum features extensive collections romanian art including works artists like works foreign artists like jean met nominated european museum year notable city galleries gallery union plastic artists situated city centre gallery presents collections drawn contemporary arts scene gallery folk art includes traditional romanian interior decoration artworks historically city important cultural artistic centres 16th century renaissance workshop formed strongly supported princes served local wider requirements middle century onwards ottomans conquered central hungary extended activity new style flower renaissance variety plant enriched coats arms figures inscriptions continued great importance 18th century traces apparent 20th century vernacular art central long survival style particularly hungarians performing arts city number renowned facilities institutions involving performing arts prominent neo baroque theatre square built beginning 20th century company structure inscribed list specially protected monuments shortly union romania building hosted national theatre romanian national opera founded gives classical music concerts city attested hungarian theatre opera home professional groups performers number smaller independent theatres including theatre puppet shows performed music residence known romanian musicians examples bands include popular romanian rock band compact modern pop band finished song contest rhythm blues band alternative band winners national finals global battle bands large assortment electronic music producers notably dan girls grew city studied high school choreography dramatic art play commercial house music city increasing minimal techno scene extent jazz blues heavy metal punk city particularly club scene grew significantly 1990s continues increase entertainment venues dispersed city centre spreading oldest diesel club square list large fancy clubs continues obsession club venue new minimal techno music genre clubs classified clubs region chart published national daily area features fashion bar exclusive terrace sponsored fashion clubs centre avenue bamboo pub numerous restaurants coffee shops provide regional international cuisine offer cultural activities like music fashion shows art exhibitions city includes street central strip located student area large number bars situated limited international music genres number local play turkish influenced type music traditional culture spite influences modern culture traditional romanian culture continues influence domains art hosts museum museum features large indoor collection traditional cultural objects open air park oldest kind romania dating national museum history important museum containing collection artefacts detailing romanian history culture prehistoric times era medieval times modern era city preserves historic collection building 16th century house cultural events festivals hosts number cultural festivals types occur year frequent summer months music festival taking place yearly june number romanian cities included organised french cultural centre additionally banks river hosts number beer festivals summer modelled german city european youth capital event budget million projected boost tourism fifth city seen number important music events including mtv music award ceremony held uniting nations special international guests beyoncé performed stadium iron maiden included city final frontier world tour arena inaugurated concerts main event drawing people events followed instance deep purple smaller events occur regularly hall opera students house culture local clubs regularly organise events featuring international artists usually foreign disc like dave andy international film festival held city organised association promotion romanian film romanian film festival international features festival jury awards trophy best film competition prizes best director best performance best photography support home box office national script contest comedy debuted newest annual film festival organised romania important classical music event george festival taken place annually run state orchestra festival taken place annually annual event taking place romanian national opera opera ball established additionally festival national operas introduced aside hometown troupe features opera companies international theatre festival started takes place hungarian theatre held city romania oldest electronic music festival established electric castle festival audience people edition nominated european festivals awards best new festival best medium size festival awards architecture architecture primarily renaissance baroque gothic modern era produced remarkable set buildings mid century style communist era architecture present certain extent faced large programme late city seen significant growth contemporary structures office buildings mainly constructed historical architecture nucleus old city important cultural commercial centre military camp attested documents oldest residence house originally gothic structure bears renaissance characteristics later renovation changes feature hungarian townspeople residences built century stone wood cellar ground floor upper storey late gothic renaissance styles late medieval houses considerably altered street old town preserved michael church oldest representative gothic style building country dates 14th century oldest sections altar dedicated newest clock tower built gothic revival style renaissance styles survived late city appearance baroque art delayed century centre development spread art centuries earlier enthusiasts baroque catholic_church landed aristocracy artists came initially south germany austria end century work local earliest signs new style appear michael church pulpit date carved painted richly decorated figures depicting work earliest baroque church built pattern later handed century simply designed baroque churches built orders orthodox church noble families built houses palaces old town baroque palace constructed rectangular yard masterpiece lies appearance principal façade squares feature eclectic baroque architecture including palace justice theatre symmetrical street new_york palace 19th century houses built neo classical romantic eclectic styles dating period neo classical church new college building city hall marketplace banks feature wide variety old buildings end 19th century brought building ensemble corners oldest bridge river north end ferdinand avenue palaces consist mixture baroque renaissance gothic styles following art revival 2000s old city centre underwent extensive restoration works meant convert pedestrian area including square smaller streets residential areas city particularly high income southern areas like turn century modern communist architecture architecture buildings constructed communist era historical architecture replaced efficient high density apartment blocks project affect heart city instead reaching marginal built districts surrounding centre hosts examples modern architecture dating communist era hungarian theatre building erected beginning 20th century underwent avant garde renovation acquired modernist style architecture example modernist architectural art situated vicinity square area features complex large apartment buildings outer districts especially certain extent consist mainly large apartment contemporary architecture modern glass fronted buildings altered skyline buildings time glass steel usually high rise examples include shopping particularly mall office buildings bank headquarters regional headquarters tallest office building metres storeys completed years work house offices bank divisions companies including insurance oil companies interesting building called building building supposed house local headquarters agricultural bank entered custody city failure bank 1990s subsequent purchase bank eventually converted office building headquarters intersection ferdinand avenue street large contemporary building originally constructed host regional offices public phone company later sold bank undergoing period architectural set bring manner expansion vertical financial centre containing tower storeys slated completion street storey twin towers projected constructed area area host complex towers levels transport complex system regional transportation providing road air rail connections major cities romania europe features public transportation system consisting bus lines important european road network different european routes national level located different main national roads romanian motorway known motorway currently construction link city romania western border section vest opened late coach station private transport companies provide coach connections large number locations country number automobiles licensed estimated county ranks sixth nationwide according cars sold year units corresponding percent share tenth cars licensed operate local public transport company runs extensive kilometres public transport network city lines lines bus routes transport metropolitan area covered number private bus companies trans providing connections neighboring towns villages international airport located kilometres east city centre second busiest airport romania handling million passengers situated european route airport connected city centre local public transport company bus number airport serves direct international destinations europe high control tower inaugurated site old tower built 1960s new control tower modern country rail station located kilometres north city centre situated romanian railways main line romanian western border line provides direct rail connections major romanian cities rail station connected parts city buses local public transport company city served secondary rail stations little station technically situated immediately near main station east est cargo station local transportation company manages line runs city planned involve installation new rail tracks separation route road traffic bring number advantages including vibration shock reduction substantial noise decrease long use higher transit speed kilometres hour mph kilometres hour mph route undergo major alteration street chamber commerce central rail station problematic area dilemma solved relocation track construction suspended tunnel area benefit large scale changes tracks pulled central park roadway host lanes area bridge tracks brought closer major works executed traffic circle street given development metropolitan area plans feature creation light rail track use tracks city culture media important centre mass media headquarters regional television networks newspapers radio stations largest daily newspapers published usually reissued regional version covering issues newspapers include edited regional version decided close enterprise apart regional editions distributed national newspaper runs local franchise acts local daily available city limits boasts newspapers local interest like free series local edited media trust largest newspapers audience readers edition weekly daily online version entitled online updated real time basis centre romanian hungarian language press city hosts editorial offices largest newspapers kind magazines economic weekly published city issues magazines successful local people companies year newspaper announcements advertisements distributed active press interwar period publications included newspaper official party organs party national peasants party nationalist magazine directed communism publications included socio political literary magazines regional communist_party daily organs student magazine local television stations city public private broadcast restricted metropolitan area cable network available cable broadcasts local content day stations work national stations providing audience local reports addition national programming situation mirrored radio broadcasting companies radio radio hungarian language stations local national broadcasters radio situated street modern landmarks media communications industry telephone palace major modernist symbol communications city centre magazines published include journal publication discussing human resources issues local shopping magazine maximum rock magazine dealing rock music industry national hunting publication english language magazine designed tourists cultural social events entertainment sources leading subjects magazines early 20th century film production led chief alternative film city association producer yellow based popular peasant drama yellow worldwide hungarian success distributed abroad title secret blind man prints sold internationally movie screened japan prestigious film annals hungarian cinematography produced site based national classic tragedy written later city production site romanian drama est east hungarian language film outpost romanian language film neighbourhood sequel neighbourhood feature story violence rude language blocks city district district mentioned lyrics song member featured soundtrack motion picture documentary productions set city include richard austin tribute american film director richard imagining fabulous city future education higher education long tradition university largest country approximately students attending romanian hungarian german english commemorates important figures romanian physician victor hungarian mathematician university claims roots far jesuit college opened emperor joseph founded university later renamed joseph university immediately end world war university moved stayed moved hungarian city briefly returned half 1940s city came hungarian administration relocated following romanian territory romanian branch acquired hungarian university established merged city hosts universities technical university university medicine university arts design music academy private universities educational mention public education provided city dates rector secretary director schools catholic school founded 14th century functioned city today close pre university educational institutions operate including primary schools high schools activity supervised county board education schools taught romanian nonetheless hungarian language schools high schools mixed schools george high schools romanian german classes romanian hungarian classes respectively statistics students enrolled city secondary school system school year attended professional schools year pupils children registered primary pre school respectively sports football city features clubs playing leagues organised romanian football federation including teams participating division romanian football association founded oldest established team romanian championship season won romanian championship romanian cup time history season second season won romanian cup football team playing founded greatest success romanian cup city represented league founded team victoria stadium home ground reached quarter finals romanian cup season best performance local women soccer team established university new arena stadium home ground largest capacity ranked elite stadium largest stadium seats stadium home field football team located stadium undergone major refurbishment featuring date lighting night games automated lawn irrigation undergo construction new seating club incorporates teams sports rugby union basketball successful men basketball team city features water polo teams recognised romanian water polo federation facilities sports located vicinity stadium including multi functional hall designed sports like basketball swimming complex includes indoor open air swimming pools park tennis track facilities new swimming pool construction regularly national championships different sports large concentration facilities automotive field hosts stages national rally championship held june rally held september officially organised years held rally begins square runs surroundings city amateur athletes active swimming pools miniature golf courses tennis courts arenas available skiing skating hiking hunting fishing extreme sports vicinity april saw annual edition international marathon competition takes place city center streets international relations twin towns sister cities