gossip girl thirteenth episode fifth season american television teen drama gossip girl 100th episode overall episode written executive producer directed mark premiered television network united_states january episode wedding blair prince louis hugo takes place episode opened favorable reviews television critics praising fact honored series successful days performance sparks received initial airing episode viewed million americans garnered nielsen rating share demographic total viewership ratings episode slightly comparison previous episode father bride plot episode begins musical dream sequence blake lively featuring monroe singing diamonds girl best friend blair hepburn prepares wedding blair prince louis hugo father visits tell plan ruin wedding father replace father mistakenly taken sleeping pills asks ceremony objection marriage tell blair love agreed helping changes mind doesn want destroy blair dream wants happiness sparks come new_york teams priest act revenge blair past meantime continues interest dan penn unaware love reflects past failed relationships taking interest happens real charlie rhodes blair mother tries dissuade marrying louis doesn want listen finds help agrees try convince blair stop wedding tries seduce louis husband film unfortunately doesn work lily stop ceremony talks blair love filmed refuses wedding ceremony sends video discussion blair cell phones ceremony temporarily suspended blair comes aisle determined marry louis result princess blair reception tells dan feels quickly leaves answer dance louis reveals blair contracted marriage hearing blair runs away dan wheel end episode identity gossip girl seemingly revealed sparks production written directed mark wedding scene filmed james episcopal church new_york november reception followed shot hotel november news episode including title reported later episode reported feature dream musical number monroe blair hepburn men lives blair wedding dress maid honor dress designed blair dress appeared fashion moments season november announced reprise role sparks cast members included sparks husband philip nick blair father john blair mother margaret cyrus rose wallace princess father blair alice present featured music included peter john young folks performed monroe diamonds girl best friend performed jon hastings endless summer slow van major tear apart performed string quartet pat belong performed string quartet wolf gang faults reception ratings broadcast january united_states episode watched million americans scored nielsen rating share adults demographic season high viewership viewers adults respectively previous episode father bride million american viewers nielsen rating share initial airing critical reception episode received generally favorable reviews zap2it wrote sure blair dreaming wedding little girl true producers gossip girl dreaming moment long time upper east drama didn fact easy best episode season steve fanatic gave episode stars rating writing come sort break episode gossip girl golden opportunity recent prove worthy passion loyalty invested years plot holes tonight especially depending couple choice find fault pure number twists especially minutes appreciated references gossip girl early days promised old days incorporated ways actually fit present day story case point memorable gossip girl quote love spoken different character long ago cover young folks onset fun huffington_post found episode honored gossip girl past time recent memory week milestone episode gossip girl finally recaptured confident plotting razor sharp seasons praised fact gossip girl totally unexpected hollywood reporter wrote classic gossip girl fashion 100th episode witty liners mouth sparks honor princess bride paid homage pilot featured head turning moments gave episode grade digital_spy writer found episode completely absurd entertaining morgan buddytv wrote despite ridiculous seeing character character character try save blair stupid decisions gossip girl knows big events episodes understood needed big royal wedding storyline wedding attendant quest stop big dramatic heartfelt gossip girl best conceded gossip girl reveal pull moments found amazing episode eyes great scene atlantic wire thought writers waited episode unveiling gossip girl questioned isn indicative greater past half years constant need promising tip hand soon concluded think time finally come remove gossip girl


blair blair main character gossip girl introduced original series novels appearing television manga adaptations described girl extremes creator von comical possesses sensitive sides position queen bee manhattan social scene blair actions relations constant scrutiny mysterious gossip girl popular blogger portrayed character television drama described blair insecure social status times anxiety creates flaws contribute character development view true blair ultimately good girl heart blair compared vintage film literary figures including sharp portrayal drawn comparisons roles played joan collins hepburn critically acclaimed character franchise television character drawn real life attention surrounding fashion love life character print gossip girl series novels socially prominent young adults new_york_city story primarily follows blair best friend van der years high school college fame upper east blair featured website gossip girl anonymous gossip blogger posts appear occasionally story novel series book blair introduced privileged vain described occasionally models appearance demeanor famous actresses including monroe hepburn early novels character written blair largely motivated matters surrounding family romance ambition tendency lead feelings paranoia dramatic comical results review new_yorker remarked blair issues broader caricature real person gossip girl characters interview gossip girl creator von claimed identify blair stating unpredictable dramatic bitch understand bitch like story lines series run blair number changes family years prior opening novel blair parents divorced father ran man mother father leaves country blair difficulty accepting stepfather addition stress matters occasionally affects relationships blair ultimately remains close father turns comfort contrast maintains somewhat relationship mother eleanor revealed blair struggled opening novel blair learns affair friend boyfriend marks beginning story primary love triangle series blair romantic life effects character development repeatedly hurts eventually refuses believes ability commit pursuing blair new boyfriend pete results losing eventually begins acknowledge mistakes father help later grows closer bass initially occurred series television adaptation previously known years leads briefly date blair noted achieving nature appears humorous scenes review new_york magazine emily lauded blair fantasies involves joining peace corps getting killer tan winning nobel peace prize having dinner president write recommendation yale yale fall accept new_yorker remarked unlike film literature blair money position want pure naked seeking object object knowing blair encounters setback interview yale revealing recent stress life kissing interviewer cheek dismissal father makes donation school blair wait listed twelfth book love revealed admitted university addition feelings blair said feel competitive areas including matters beauty popularity leads occasional blair unclear blair perception line reality narrative describes characters hands hottest girls upper east maybe manhattan world manga series press began publishing manga adaptation titled gossip girl eyes written illustrated series notable scenarios novel including triangle features new material losing position queen bee blair attempts regain status adjusting privileged lifestyle addition series blair appears manga adaptation novel gossip girl killer parody horror stories television series gossip girl adapted television according von television character largely faithful original aspects maintained admiration hepburn interest yale_university series noted source material including exclusion blair brother tyler explores blair multiple male leads resulting occasional love fifth season blair revealed pregnant fans media blair bond bass commonly known chair relationship dan referred nicknames viewer interest relationships recognized producers casting prepare blair actress natural blonde dyed hair brown auditioning studied novel described character multi labeling little bit pretty amazing like von claimed relate blair certain levels prior debut actress stated way play blair character human find inside know went way blair alike comes pays attention casting described yahoo star making role moved pop culture vanguard von called perfect choice december revealed plans leave online outlets speculated departure possibly mark end series season season gossip girl blair introduced upper east beautiful popular queen daughter eleanor famous fashion designer dating best friends van der finds close companion best friend childhood friend bass partner schemes returns home boarding school blair learns lost drunken year ago blair publicly revealing connection rehab hospital learns actual patient younger brother committed suicide attempt afterward blair learning longer loves blair sleeps eventually falling leads heated affair eventual love triangle inability choose creates season story line begins brief power struggle freshman order save sparks realizes feelings blair real suggests spend summer discouraged father minute stands blair season launch second season blair described creators queen center gossip girl chess game large portion story line season revolves love hate relationship bass labeled heart people magazine competing blair forms unexpected friendship states work achieve life interviews yale_university blair apologize ill feelings resume friendship episode brother thou devastated news father death prompting blair offer support telling loves initially advances later turns comfort stop seeing uncle jack bass convincing inability commit relationship rejected yale blair finds unexpected encouragement later accepted new_york university competitive relationship eventually renewed season ends blair crowns new queen school season finale discovered blair slept uncle jack slept departs europe later returns new_york blair declaring love finally begin committed relationship season season blair joins brother dan story line concerns inability attain previous status new school finds emotional support mother separate blair feels manipulated competing uncle deal jack blair sleep exchange gets hotel jack initially stole destroy later transfers columbia_university learns emotionally reformed responsible enrollment later team role playing scheme help mother adopted mother lily season finale attempts propose blair interrupted dan reveals slept weeks later blair depart paris intending spend summer season season blair competitive eventually resume sexual relations recognizing love relationship business interests break promises wait belief love reunite end blair teams dan share common goals end working magazine friction develops valentine day discovers romantic feelings daughter business rival later dan spend evening talking cell phones watching baby blair later shown asleep dan brooklyn flat later growing curious feelings blair dan share kiss mid season hiatus blair eventually decides wants tries dan later courted prince named louis private confrontation drunken punches window finds prince louis proposed blair cuts blair face afterward blair chooses accept proposal louis blair later attempts warn potential trouble family abducted enemy father russell later rescues blair apologizes violent actions following night sex advises blair return louis believing season ends revelation blair pregnant reaction triangle amidst fourth season romance dan blair topic viewers drew significant media interest new_york_post applauded development feeling blair chemistry dan new_york magazine chris called blair dan story line believable citing common ground education taste stated live world half dozen real friends crazy end kiss included guide moments dawn wall_street_journal positive asserting characters fun left writer online team labeled dan blair relationship nonsense regard blair stated relate necessarily dramatic tumultuous relationship way love real sake dramatic actual love expressed fondness dan blair stating think good lot ways way blair aren producers initially noticed chemistry blair dan season episode bad news blair according producer creators planned relationship timing right stated outcome wasn necessarily decided ahead time thing conscious know fans upset try treat characters living breathing rounded individuals surprised journeys open new doors time said controversy following twentieth episode season spoke behalf series scene violent blair response comments zap2it stated left wondering missed went home bleeding physical intimidation release emotions reviewing episode zap2it felt bass anymore concluded behavior season fit signs abusive relationship citing examples non profit health resource noted public humiliation blair attempt business deal use physical intimidation called explanation disturbing particularly given young female target demographic gossip girl review los_angeles_times addressed description blair scene considering terrified blair looked end encounter quickly got sending mixed message best went state right expect gossip girl morality realism idea true love requires taking glass face disturbing alternate soap opera dimension season fifth season premiere blair continues plan wedding begins encounter problems relationship louis later revealed pregnant blair tells child louis states wanted father dan blair shown love remains oblivious feelings states friendship insists love louis blair begins seek season progresses eventually declare love prior car accident chased recover blair suffers crash crash blair decides commit louis converting catholicism cutting connection wedding gossip girl releases recording blair love louis blair married making blair princess louis informs marriage convenience receives support dan leading share kiss valentine day amidst developments blair grows conflicted feelings dan taking steps end marriage chooses begin romantic relationship dan end season debate love best dan feels safe feels vulnerable blair declares love chooses pursue season final season blair resumes romantic relationship father revealed alive previous season bitter rivals blair pursues career head designs staging successful line penultimate episode falls death trying attack atop building afterward blair depart series finale blair marries results having testify father murder case years later blair shown running mother successful fashion line works line called shown son named henry reception print covering book series new_yorker labeled character rank asserted series belongs awful blair von highest flights comic fancy compared blair vintage film literary figures sharp vanity_fair diamonds addition character drawn comparisons notable contemporaries including sweet valley high series book children literature culture writer harry depiction blair handled properly inclusion illness provided powerful lesson young adult readers worry weight food consumption unfortunately von author series presents seriously flawed treatment problem failed attempt humor writer regards blair sickness source gossip said emily new_york magazine similar comments calling weakness fledged went blair self centered manga cafe gave initial gossip girl manga negative review citing displeasure characters plot acknowledged gave greater appreciation blair second volume noting blair learn rough losing privileged lifestyle went state blair character fun hate imagine surprise actually started like end book screen breakout character blair garnered media recognition yahoo blair member television razor high school alpha females commenting new_york magazine cover story series states villain want root sophisticated performance article people magazine commented burst ensemble stardom variety described performance similar predatory junior joan collins practically fire perfectly wasp nostrils online ranked actress hottest star autumn stating blair stolen spotlight mind blowing good looks amazing performance magazine likened character hepburn portrayal holly physical similarity noted usa_today hot list rolling_stone cited blair reason love soap fictional fame blair friend tim stack entertainment_weekly asserted star media blair quickly star citing long revered glamour readers compared characters blair recognized beautiful review atlantic blair friendship praised offered relationship depth complexity approached paris girls blair received attention forbes interviewed series writers television pity listed golden overlooked shows performances article labeling blair multi dressed beautifully played teen soap don feel guilty admitting love won teen choice award choice actress drama voted best mean girl zap2it poll best television characters 2000s february zap2it held poll determine blair elected female bones people going fantastic good looks lifestyle relationship bass included guide list best couples time entertainment_weekly best won couples character wardrobe credited designers popular earning mentions periodicals new_york recognition websites guide listed blair best dressed characters entertainment_weekly named blair bass stylish characters lifetime television ranks blair listing best dressed characters glamour named best dressed characters time vanity_fair interview costume designers meredith named hepburn vogue editor chief anna inspirations dressing blair designers cited new_york influences guide named sixth fashionable character


pilot american horror story pilot episode series premiere television series american horror story premiered network october episode written series creators ryan murphy directed murphy murphy previously collaborated fox musical comedy drama glee episode family ben violet boston los_angeles gives birth baby ben affair students family moves restored mansion unaware home haunted tries deal neighbor violet connects troubled teenager united_states series premiere achieved viewership million episode garnered rating demographic translating million viewers according nielsen_media_research episode network best series premiere critical reviews pilot episode positive metacritic awarding points pilot nominated primetime emmy award outstanding art direction movie episode rated plot young reed old mansion troublesome twins brian arrive planning enter house warns enter house ignore warning enter house havoc brian discovers dying animal twins find open door basement enter basement find containing animal remains human complaining smell brian leaves basement find brother gone silent searches finds throat air ben appears kills screen having previously suffered visits fertility doctor arriving home hears noise immediately report investigates finds husband ben having sexual intercourse kate students months later family leaves boston drive los_angeles teenage daughter violet unhappy come newly restored mansion taken tour real estate agent mentions deaths previous owners gay couple named patrick died apparent murder suicide family decides buy house day meets door neighbour daughter adelaide syndrome comes house maid appears young seductive maid ben mind hires night ben fights trying apologize infidelity love day school violet harassed bully named young friends christian later fight ben begins therapy sessions possibly boy named begins relationship violet help violet bullying problem suggests house shower ben finds thing caught burnt larry hare bringing house drugs violet leads basement sits rocking chair attack scare violet terrified tells leave attic finds latex suit bed finds man suit believes ben fact rubber man sex ben drawn tries burn house stops day larry approaches ben tells killed family setting fire warns ben family doesn leave house die ben declines tells stay away house announces ben pregnant production conception development history series creators ryan murphy began working american horror story fox series glee began production murphy wanted opposite previously began work series stated clean sweet optimistic non cynical piece wanted tapped different personality intrigued idea putting different angle horror genre stating main goal creating series scare viewers said want people little bit balance dark tone series influenced 1970s abc soap opera dark shadows murphy grandmother forced watch younger addition series draws inspiration classic horror films roman baby stanley shining february officially announced ordered pilot possible series murphy episode writers murphy director announced executive producer production series began april july officially announced project picked series august announced tim salt james joined series writers casting filming casting announcements began march cast portraying female lead stated took risk taking role ryan murphy presented role said seen turning ear intrigued presented ultimately decided hare joined cast late march larry harvey joined cast april marking regular role television attracted role didn require episode commitment huge said wasn commit know months cable network offered network shows determined kind time commitment cast lead ben late april character initially described handsome masculine sensitive loves family hurt wife stated wanted role break away previous role bobby donnell abc series practice exactly wanted change different kind character said people think guy practice wanted turn notion head hopefully lead actors cast portraying violet respectively said loved violet immediately attitude ryan murphy described true monster series adding great credit credit writers think difficult job making monster sympathetic pilot episode shot location house country club park los_angeles california serves haunted house crime scene series designed built alfred president los_angeles chapter american institute architects tudor collegiate gothic style single family home previously convent series filmed sets exact replica house details lewis comfort stained glass windows bronze light fixtures created preserve look house promotion promotion series launched house campaign viewers home sign come face face character series prior series premiere released clues shine light series offered official youtube channel clues released entitled cello baby couples coffin lying fire stairs melt red cello rubber bump reception original american broadcast premiere american horror story seen estimated million household viewers gained ratings share adults aged according nielsen_media_research best numbers received series premiere taken equally strong numbers station returning original series sons anarchy sunny philadelphia league episode helped october watched month pilot episode aired november europe latin_america fox international channels ranking pay markets latin_america europe time slot premiered non terrestrial channel viewers episode seen million viewers total countries pilot episode scored metacritic based reviews ken_tucker entertainment_weekly awarded pilot episode stating american horror story pretty scare time screams sex faces behavior dead babies san mercury news said shows quickly fade memory dreams hank washington_post said review things murphy trademark flaws style gross outs ign matt wrote pilot episode contained lot style substance totally went write haunting subversive television experiment enjoyed references horror shining twin peaks reviews favorable alan_sepinwall hitfix gave series saying far microscopic mirror strange sounds sights characters likely won forget wish


american horror story twelfth episode season television series american horror story season finale premiered december episode written directed bradley aggressive production schedule previously announced season cut short episode feature murphy announced new cast return second season aftermath family tragedy ben tries child murder house violet new living arrangements raises child new family buys house kate charles guest star detective episode received majority television critics viewership ratings episode reached season high million garnered rating demographic according nielsen_media_research episode rated plot months ago boston catches ben cheating begs forgiveness says save marriage includes getting boston relocating different city shows pictures great house older district los_angeles claiming loves old houses tells price house strangely lower great place family start present days death ben attempts find violet house goes taking care baby death discovers mother argues threatens leaving child house reminds ben allowing ease sadness notes ben reason stay ben starts drinking plans commit suicide appears stop violet ghosts encourage child start new life away house leave kate help dallas hangs killing making appear like suicide takes baby baby travis michael assistance later tells police found ben hanged violet run baby explains ghosts house wish living suffer ghosts innocent wish realize house danger living resolve protect future residents away forms ghosts including nurse sam earl brown black join protect new family moved ghosts love violet concerned lonely attempts kill thinking better boyfriend violet stops gives goodbye kiss allowing boy escape family flee home happily watch drive seeks counsel ben wants finally takes responsibility actions apologizes asking ben friendship basement discovers twin actually lived brief moment dying ghost taken care lily finds constitution caring mother returns baby asks join family baby happily accepts happy family celebrate christmas tree abandoned house ornaments found attic watching outside tells violet forgive resolves wait forever years later returns home find grandson michael killed remarks going michael swinging forth rocking chair production episode written consulting producer directed bradley aggressive production schedule series pilot shoot having wait creators ryan murphy glee wrap second season production announced season finale thirty minutes shorter planned option given murphy network drop thirteenth episode altogether air hour long finale murphy came plan ninety minute episode episode aired murphy spoke plans change cast location second season actors starred season returning people coming playing completely different characters creatures monsters etc stories people coming playing entirely new characters announced interview entertainment_weekly murphy commented structure series season loved began loved middle loved end thing frustrating honest people write idea making went wanted think people writing saying yeah excited people dvd know ended little things like people reflections mirrors set asked house pulled murphy responded don know targeted don think internet site supernatural pull hilarious thought things house porn think house extraordinary think american lives fresh start moving west starting fresh reception original american broadcast seen estimated million household viewers earned rating share adults aged according nielsen_media_research highest numbers season season tied tnt series falling skies biggest new cable series year adults james star-ledger commented season finale wildly uneven episodes red hot episodes leading finale starts flying high way fast pace american horror story enjoyable ride past weeks final minutes episode turns wandering epilogue todd_vanderwerff club stated fun early episodes didn like good sense hell kind watching finale sticks pretty basic setup season tim stack entertainment_weekly called matt ign gave episode score signifying great rating stated odd finale pretty sure like thought horror writers association gave award superior achievement screenplay


american horror story murder house american horror story murder house originally titled american horror story season television series american horror story aired october december season produced 20th century fox television executive producers series creators ryan murphy centers family ben daughter violet boston los_angeles ben affair restored mansion unaware house haunted residents victims season american horror story received mixed reviews critics cast generally praised writing criticized series drew consistently high ratings network ending season biggest new cable series year season nominated industry awards including golden globe award best television series drama received total seventeen emmy award nominations addition won golden globe best supporting actress screen actors guild award outstanding performance female actor drama series primetime emmy award outstanding supporting actress miniseries movie murder house appearance series fifth cycle hotel returning matt ross portrayed charles montgomery appeared episode room hotel sarah reprised role dean howard season finale plot season follows family ben violet boston los_angeles start new life victorian mansion ben affair kate students arrival learn real estate agent previous owners new mansion couple named patrick died apparent murder suicide neighbor daughter frequent guests connection house mysterious past larry harvey hare resident house suffered horrible burns begins lives giving ben cryptic warning house house comes appears young seductive men old women ben begins seeing patients home office particular possibly teenage boy named takes interest spirit violet suffers depression ben unaware ghost son family home bizarre events begin occur increasing soon revealed upwards violent deaths home course history come known murder house family struggles personal oblivious reality home haunted ghosts exploring attic discovers latex suit later raped man wearing believes ben actually rape results rare occurrence pregnant twins different fathers later revealed motive having sex conceive baby lily ghost house lost child comes boston tries blackmail ben abandoning start relationship threatening tell pregnant ben baby killed larry buried ben house grounds coming ghost ghosts house including drive mad raise babies halloween day dead walk living violet learns infamous school shooter killed library classmates teacher setting larry harvey fire punish mother having younger deformed brother run car fails corpse property time spirit reunited brother ghost learns murder house tour house home alley living monster basement house creation doctor son killed patient boyfriend resurrected monstrous faced monster romantic feelings violet kills doesn realize successful weeks later discovers leave house committed insane asylum ben convinced second twin fathered luke morris chestnut neighborhood security officer help medium dean howard sarah help talk discovers dean horror child ben learns rubber man freed asylum gives birth twins house recruiting ghosts house help deliver children newborn babies die leaving ben surviving twin violet breaks reveals raped violet mother murdered boyfriend inability produce child ben tries contact dead wife daughter refuse suicide instead shows convinces ben leave house immediately protection baby ben leaving house caught murdered hangs simulate suicide attempts baby help ghost lover named travis michael murdered takes child instead hides baby tells police ben killed grief wife death violet body found ran surviving child trapped house team spirits families moving away living blocked trick taught violet christmas tree promises wait violet forever watch door frame years later left town returns los_angeles finds grandson michael murdered slowly walks smiling child rocks forth gon cast characters main ben violet hare larry harvey special guest stars kate charles detective recurring lily montgomery young adelaide morris chestnut luke matt ross charles montgomery michael travis nurse eve gordon hall nurse maria patrick kyle davis dallas sarah dean howard young harvey sam david anthony stan elizabeth short malaya rivera drew detective ben montgomery close hugo kyle jordan david kevin alexander stanley episodes production conception creators murphy began working american horror story fox series glee began production murphy wanted opposite previously began work series stated went glee sense wanted challenging dark loved horror genre natural intrigued idea putting different angle horror genre stating main goal creating series scare viewers want people little bit balance said dark tone series modeled abc soap opera dark shadows murphy grandmother forced watch younger cited baby don look horror stanley version shining influences series beginning murphy planned season series tell different story season finale aired murphy spoke plans change cast location second season retaining actors people coming playing completely different characters creatures monsters etc stories february officially announced ordered pilot possible series ryan murphy murphy writing murphy directing announced executive producer production series began april july officially announced project given series order consisting episodes august announced tim salt james joined series writers casting casting announcements began march cast portraying female lead stated took risk taking role murphy presented role said seen turning ear intrigued presented ultimately decided interview entertainment_weekly series creator ryan murphy stated told early character die season season mapped beginning said meetings core actors leads tried snare able start middle end yes able tell run series hare joined cast late march larry harvey joined cast april marking regular role television attracted role didn require episode commitment like series broadcast network huge said wasn commit know months cable network offered network shows determined kind time commitment cast lead ben late april character initially described handsome masculine sensitive loves family hurt wife stated wanted role break away previous role bobby donnell abc series practice exactly wanted change different kind character people think guy practice wanted turn notion head hopefully said lead actors cast portraying violet respectively said loved violet immediately attitude murphy described true monster series adding great credit credit writers think difficult job making monster sympathetic filming pilot episode shot location house country club park los_angeles california serves haunted house crime scene series designed built alfred president american institute architects los_angeles chapter tudor collegiate gothic style single family home previously convent adjoining chapel removed exterior shots cgi series filmed sets exact replica house details louis comfort stained glass windows bronze light fixtures created preserve look house house available rent february aggressive production schedule series pilot shoot having wait creators ryan murphy glee wrap second season production announced season finale thirteenth episode thirty minutes shorter planned finally thirteenth episode dropped twelfth episode minutes longer minutes finale aired december title sequence opening title sequence created kyle cooper company prologue created title sequence series walking dead film theme music composed sound designer musician charlie sequence set basement includes images young children aborted babies dress nurse uniform figure holding pair bloody murphy described sequence mini mystery stated time ninth episode season image title sequence explained reception reviews american horror story received mixed positive reviews critics episode scored metacritic based reviews review aggregator website rotten_tomatoes reported approval rating average rating based reviews website consensus reads convoluted effective american horror story strange twisted viewers hooked ken_tucker entertainment_weekly awarded pilot episode stating pretty scare time screams sex faces behavior dead babies san mercury news said shows quickly fade memory dreams hank washington_post said review things murphy trademark flaws style gross outs new_york_times mike called minded taking mind success hbo true blood walking dead reviews favorable alan_sepinwall hitfix gave series saying far microscopic mirror awards nominations season american horror story nominated awards won network submitted series academy television arts sciences miniseries drama series category primetime emmy awards ratings pilot episode gained ratings share adults aged garnered million viewers totalled million best numbers received series premiere taken equally strong numbers station returning original series sons anarchy sunny philadelphia league episode helped october watched month episode seen million viewers total countries ratings increased season progressed fourth episode receiving ratings share adults tenth point higher pilot episode seventh episode viewership million receiving ratings share demographic series high season finale watched million viewers received ratings share demographic season tied tnt series falling skies biggest new cable series year adults american horror story november international premiere europe latin_america fox international channels drew rankings 1st 2nd pay markets time slot premiered non terrestrial channel viewers second episode saw increase receiving overall viewership home media release


american horror story american horror story american anthology horror television series created produced ryan murphy described anthology series season conceived self contained miniseries following disparate set characters settings storyline beginning middle end plot elements loosely inspired true events season subtitled murder house takes place los_angeles california year centers family moves house haunted deceased occupants second season subtitled asylum takes place massachusetts year follows stories patients staff institution insane season subtitled takes place new_orleans louisiana year follows face wish destroy fourth season subtitled freak takes place florida year centers remaining american freak shows fifth season subtitled hotel takes place los_angeles california year focuses staff guests supernatural hotel actors appear sarah lily series broadcast cable television channel united_states fifth season premiered october concluded january november renewed sixth season set premiere time october september american horror story received television critics majority praise going cast particularly won emmy awards golden globe award screen actors guild award performances additionally lady_gaga won emmy award golden globe award respectively performances series draws consistently high ratings network season biggest new cable series overview murder house story takes place follows family psychiatrist ben wife teenage daughter violet boston los_angeles ben affair restored mansion soon encounter home residents children children larry harvey hare ben try relationship violet suffering depression finds comfort larry frequently influence lives family discovers home haunted ghosts died property season primarily set modern day flashbacks 1920s 1940s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s asylum story takes place follows patients doctors occupy mental institution located massachusetts founded treat house insane run institution include stern sister protégé sister mary lily founder institution howard joseph doctors charged treating patients asylum include psychiatrist oliver scientist arthur james patients claim include lesbian journalist winters sarah accused serial killer kit walker alleged murderer grace inhabitants routinely subject supernatural scientific influences including demonic possession extraterrestrial abduction season primarily takes place 1960s flash forwards story takes place follows descendants survived salem witch trials nearly extinct danger share genetic subjected strange violent attacks mysterious girls boarding school opened new_orleans protect house young women carry unique dangers outside world long absent supreme powerful witch generation arrives ensure safety fulfill hidden agenda daughter sarah teaches school newest student secret events reveal long held rivalry salem practitioners new_orleans historic queen marie angela serial killer themes include racism death family relationships mothers daughters season set primarily modern day includes flashbacks early 1970s 1960s 1830s freak story takes place quiet town florida follows struggling freak led mars decades passed public looked freak shows form entertainment dreams finding home monsters fame twins dot sarah taken hospital sees chance finally drum business hoping sisters save troupe members include jimmy boy born dreams leaving life living normal life jimmy mother lady second command maintains law order tent troubled past named michael wife angela waves arrive time era television beginning reign high acts individuals overcome based looks events revealed multiple dark entities taken residence eyes set flashbacks set 1940s flash forward 1960s hotel story takes place los_angeles california haunted retro hotel built torture chamber customers founder james patrick march hotel includes year old vampire elizabeth johnson lady_gaga desk clerk manager iris residents guests include drug addicted prostitute ghost sarah iris son drug turned vampire lover elizabeth matt liz taylor hare actress lover elizabeth angela male model murder finn new_york fashion designer current drake jackson suspicious soon going insane detective john depressed wife alex checks hotel doesn know targeted serial murderer killer bring inside outside danger crashing main themes include addiction insanity forgiveness alongside set modern day flashbacks set 1920s 1970s 1980s 1990s epilogue set season little known confirmed plot sixth cycle children themes place present echoes past production conception creators murphy began working american horror story fox series glee began production murphy wanted opposite previously began work series stated went glee sense wanted challenging dark loved horror genre natural intrigued idea putting different angle horror genre stating main goal creating series scare viewers want people little bit balance said february officially announced ordered pilot possible series ryan murphy murphy writing murphy directing announced executive producer production series began april july officially announced project picked series beginning murphy planned season series tell different story season finale aired murphy spoke plans change cast location second season actors starred season returning people coming playing completely different characters creatures monsters etc stories people coming playing entirely new characters announced november chief executive john described unique format series stating notion series miniseries cast proven groundbreaking wildly successful prove compared series horror films demand little bit compassion end fall love characters different way movie said want kill everybody movie person kind away looking horror different responsibility characters audience different affection murphy explained process planning series season takes year come story come characters said company people won role somebody like started second season idea person play sarah son deeper got thought work great august article entertainment_weekly murphy revealed producing seasons year broadcast spring second fall explained different groups writers rooms writers bouncing different group coming late august thing crafting different hotel smaller rogue dark casting cast series portraying female lead murder house hare joined second larry harvey soon followed regular role television joined cast soon male lead ben actors added main cast portraying violet respectively march murphy revealed second season portrays sister nun runs asylum sarah lily return main cast members second season portrays kit walker accused murdering wife portrays lesbian reporter gets committed asylum sexuality intent character sister mary clumsy second charge sister portrays psychiatrist asylum stars grace character described originally fierce ferocious extremely sexual dangerous wild child role later heavily revamped james stars arthur charge asylum performs dark experiments patients joseph starred howard possible love interest sister season series executive producers creators ryan murphy stated second season actors return different roles beginning sarah confirmed return portraying kyle respectively murphy added portray real glamour cat lady later revealed named violet season starred character involved prominent romance season lily starred day series recurring actress joined main cast member playing character snow oscar winning actress confirmed star reported portray woman start character best friend worst enemy altered murphy stated character times worse misery character inspired true event portrayed madame immortal racist announced emma roberts added cast roberts played madison montgomery self involved party girl november ryan murphy confirmed returning fourth season reduced capacity later revealed playing freak owner mars returned main role portraying lady march murphy announced sarah emma roberts hare angela return fourth season portrayed sisters dot portrayed boy jimmy played portrayed hare played stanley working roberts revealed michael joining cast father jimmy husband current husband finn later joined main cast son announced february singer songwriter lady_gaga star fifth cycle series subtitled hotel announced matt jackson star returning murphy announced series returns sarah angela finn june murphy revealed hare return filming pilot episode shot location house country club park los_angeles california serves haunted house crime scene series designed built alfred president american institute architects los_angeles chapter tudor collegiate gothic style single family home previously convent season filmed sets exact replica house details louis comfort stained glass windows bronze light fixtures created preserve look house production shooting second season began late july scheduled premiere mid october second season filmed hidden valley county california rural area outside los_angeles principal photography season began july new_orleans louisiana reported season film multiple locations filming primarily took place new_orleans principal photography season began july new_orleans story takes place florida principal photography season began july los_angeles california story takes place murphy revealed story hotel set built fox lot dummy set hotel built san_diego comic con international showing art style building 1920s inspired old hollywood era title sequences american horror story title screens offer vague hints important plot elements events compose season murder house murphy described sequence mini mystery stated time ninth episode season image title sequence explained establishing purpose title sequence future seasons opening title sequence created kyle cooper company prologue created title sequence series walking dead film seven theme music composed sound designer musician charlie cinematography juan editing season sequence set basement includes images young children dress nurse uniform figure holding pair bloody photo alleged axe murderer shown second season opening sequence creative team shooting new title sequence team year series creator ryan murphy said song stay sure music kept new title sequence set asylum shots inmates operating patients faces elements include young girl walking backwards hands feet staircase shot virgin mary smile changing spite season opening sequence keeps music sequence filmed primarily outside enclosed location shots include figures wearing black robes bony skeleton creature wings shots dead goats season appears time actual backgrounds appear actor names instead black background images include hanging santa elements include black man piercing eyes disturbing smile dolls final shot continues figures black seize later seen burning stake young dress clad dance fourth season opening sequence changed things series theme music remains intact albeit added carnival like sequence composed cgi stop motion animation features strange characters skeleton human elephant riding bicycle skeleton appears single head bodies devil like creature boy wheel chair deformed legs character severe hands feet clown twist head woman leg demonic monkey toy shots attractions like human knife throwing sword main recurring element features balloon balloons knife fifth season opening sequence different previous seasons taking biblical approach music kept strong vocals added font remaining seasons glow red hotel shown video intro returns live action like seasons visuals include people blood walls floor strange things shown people victims hotel little kids running hotel different creatures title sequence seasons use closely resembles style scottish designer charles known promotion promotion series launched house campaign viewers home sign come face face character series prior series premiere released clues shine light series offered official youtube channel clues released september launched website allows visitors tour murder house decades look clues august promo second season released american horror story facebook page entitled special delivery nun carries couple filled body parts field church bell rings nun bucket bloody contents leaving bucket resumes trek subsequent released photos released televised titled meet residents released august feature patients staff played sister mary played lily lying twin beds dealing individual issues heads asylum joseph james look song mixed theme music plays broadcast series premiered october broadcast cable television channel united_states november premiered internationally respective countries fox international channels season premiered october concluded december second season premiered october concluded january season premiered october concluded january fourth season premiered october concluded january fifth season premiered october concluded january seasons premiered day time american broadcasts canada season followed slightly different schedule network launched october series aired india star world premiere shortly airing airs india standard definition reception critical response season american horror story received mixed positive reviews critics review aggregator rotten_tomatoes reported critics gave season positive review site consensus stated convoluted effective american horror story strange twisted viewers hooked season scored metacritic based reviews ken_tucker entertainment_weekly awarded pilot episode stating pretty scare time screams sex faces behavior dead babies hank washington_post said review things murphy trademark flaws style gross outs reviews favorable alan_sepinwall hitfix gave series saying far microscopic mirror strange sounds sights characters likely won forget wish sepinwall later worst shows los_angeles_times mary gave mixed review stating collapses camp occasion noting hard look away second season american horror story asylum received positive reviews critics review aggregator rotten_tomatoes reported critics gave season positive review site consensus american horror story asylum crosses boundaries shock scare sexy innovative takes current social issues scored metacritic based reviews james_poniewozik time stated asylum feels like focused equally realized vision 60s institution setting detailed smell air ryan huffington_post said credit asylum writers directors cast emotional pain characters feels real uncertainty terror gay newsday gave season grade stating good special effects story hang new_york_post thought season adding need enter asylum hours season american horror story received positive reviews review aggregator rotten_tomatoes reported critics given positive review site consensus reads noteworthy ensemble cast combined creepy storytelling outrageous thrills american horror story structured scored metacritic based reviews highest score date reviews positive criticism focused mainly regards progression story certain character arcs second half season club gave season low rating critic van remarking idea idea settling long build worth fourth season american horror story freak received positive reviews review aggregator rotten_tomatoes reports critics given season positive review site consensus turn new viewers freak brings thrills thanks reliably stylish presentation game cast scored metacritic based generally favorable reviews fifth season american horror story hotel received mixed positive reviews critics rotten_tomatoes reports critics given season positive review site consensus favoring style effective storytelling fifth american horror story strands talented cast ryan murphy hotel fan reception website mixed viewers giving favorable review hotel scored metacritic based mixed average reviews ratings pilot episode american horror story watched million viewers averaged rating years adult demographic sought best numbers received series premiere episode seen million total viewers countries ratings increased season progressed season finale watched million viewers receiving ratings share years adult demographic series premiere aired november europe latin_america fox international channels ranked second watched telecast timeslot paid television markets numbers strong scary american horror story brought new viewers killer global lineup said president fox international channels second season premiere gained ratings share gathered million viewers marking highest numbers series season sixth episode numbers dropped series low ratings share million viewers rebounded million viewers subsequent episodes reached million viewers season finale premiere fifth season series second watched telecast network history premiere episode previous season watched million viewers subsequently renewed season john ceo network commented success saying american horror story network highest rated series joined ranks television landmark series accolades american horror story won award nominations franchise garnered primetime emmy award nominations winning outstanding supporting actress miniseries movie outstanding lead actress miniseries movie james winning outstanding supporting actor miniseries movie winning outstanding supporting actress miniseries movie received additional creative arts emmy award nominations winning times including outstanding miniseries movie outstanding costumes miniseries movie special outstanding sound editing miniseries movie special outstanding prosthetic makeup series limited series movie special received golden globe award nominations winning best supporting actress series miniseries television film lady_gaga winning best actress miniseries television film series received screen actors guild award nominations winning outstanding performance female actor drama series additional accolades include eighteen critics choice television awards nominations wins media award outstanding miniseries costume designers guild awards nominations winning times wins nominations artists hair guild awards people choice awards nominations winning satellite awards nomination wins


atomic theory chemistry physics atomic theory scientific theory nature matter states matter composed units called began philosophical concept ancient greece entered scientific mainstream early 19th century discoveries field chemistry showed matter behave word comes ancient greek meaning 19th century began term connection growing number chemical elements seemingly turn 20th century experiments discovered called actually particles chiefly exist separately fact certain extreme environments stars extreme temperature pressure prevents existing found later invented term elementary particles describe parts field science studies particles particle physics field hope discover true fundamental nature matter history philosophical idea matter units old appearing ancient cultures greece india ideas founded philosophical theological reasoning evidence experimentation convince everybody number competing theories nature matter 19th century idea embraced refined scientists science chemistry produced discoveries easily explained concept near end 18th century laws chemical reactions emerged referring notion atomic theory law conservation mass formulated states total mass chemical reaction remains constant mass products second law definite proportions proven french chemist joseph louis law states compound broken constituent elements masses constituents proportions regardless quantity source original substance john studied expanded previous work developed law multiple proportions elements combined form number possible compounds masses second element combine fixed mass element small numbers example studied tin found masses tin oxygen tin oxygen tin tin dioxide respectively noted tin combine oxygen form ratio found atomic theory matter explain common pattern chemistry case tin tin combine oxygen believed atomic theory explain water absorbed different gases different proportions example found water absorbed carbon dioxide far better absorbed nitrogen differences mass complexity gases respective particles carbon dioxide molecules heavier larger nitrogen molecules proposed chemical element composed single unique type altered destroyed chemical means combine form complex structures chemical compounds marked truly scientific theory reached conclusions experimentation examination results fashion presented list relative atomic weights number substances paper published discuss exactly obtained figures method revealed acquaintance thomas edition textbook system chemistry finally published account textbook new system chemical philosophy estimated atomic weights according mass combined hydrogen taken unity conceive elements exist molecules pure oxygen exists mistakenly believed simplest compound elements thought water addition equipment flawed results instance believed oxygen times heavier hydrogen water measured grams oxygen hydrogen believed formula water adopting better data concluded atomic weight oxygen actually retained weight rest life time concluded oxygen weigh relative hydrogen equals assumes formula water assumes modern water formula flaw theory corrected principle proposed equal volumes gases equal temperature pressure contain equal numbers molecules words mass gas particles affect volume occupies law allowed nature numerous gases studying volumes reacted instance hydrogen react oxygen produce water constant pressure temperature meant single oxygen splits order form particles water able offer accurate estimates atomic mass oxygen elements clear distinction molecules motion british botanist robert brown observed dust particles inside grains floating water constantly apparent reason albert motion caused water molecules continuously knocking grains developed hypothetical mathematical model describe model french physicist jean providing additional particle theory extension atomic theory discovery particles thought smallest possible division matter discovered electron work rays tube sealed glass container separated vacuum voltage applied rays generated creating glowing patch strike glass opposite end tube experimentation discovered rays electric field addition magnetic fields known concluded rays form light composed light negatively charged particles called later renamed scientists measured mass charge ratio discovered times smaller hydrogen smallest particle unlike previously known suggested building blocks explain overall neutral charge proposed distributed uniform sea positive charge model embedded positive charge like model stationary discovery nucleus model students discovered mass positive charge concentrated small fraction volume assumed center experiment colleagues working behest shot alpha particles thin sheets metal measured use screen given small mass high momentum alpha particles low concentration positive charge model expected alpha particles pass metal foil significant small fraction alpha particles experienced heavy concluded positive charge concentrated tiny volume produce electric field sufficiently intense alpha particles strongly led propose model cloud surrounded small compact nucleus positive charge concentration charge produce electric field strong cause heavy steps quantum physical model model significant shortcomings unlike planets sun charged particles accelerating electric charge known electromagnetic waves according formula classical charge steadily lose energy spiral nucleus small fraction second second problem model explain highly peaked absorption observed quantum theory physics beginning 20th century max albert light energy emitted absorbed amounts known singular quantum incorporated idea model electron orbit nucleus particular circular fixed angular momentum energy distance nucleus proportional energy model electron spiral nucleus lose energy continuous manner instead quantum leaps fixed energy levels occurred light emitted absorbed frequency proportional change energy absorption light model perfect predict lines hydrogen couldn predict worse technology improved additional lines hydrogen observed model couldn explain arnold added elliptical model explain extra lines model difficult use couldn explain complex discovery experimenting products radioactive decay frederick discovered appeared element position periodic table term coined margaret suitable elements year conducted experiment stream neon magnetic electric fields striking photographic plate end observed glowing patches plate suggested different concluded neon different mass nature differing mass later explained discovery discovery nuclear particles bombarded nitrogen gas alpha particles observed hydrogen emitted gas recognized previously obtained bombarding hydrogen alpha particles observing hydrogen products concluded hydrogen emerged nitrogen effect split nitrogen work work students henry knew positive charge number hydrogen coupled atomic mass elements roughly equivalent number hydrogen assumed particles led conclude hydrogen singular particles basic constituent atomic named particles experimentation found nuclear mass exceeded possessed speculated surplus mass composed hitherto unknown charged particles tentatively dubbed walter observed emitted highly penetrating electrically neutral radiation bombarded alpha particles later discovered radiation knock hydrogen wax initially thought high energy gamma radiation gamma radiation similar effect metals james found effect strong electromagnetic radiation long energy momentum interaction exposed elements hydrogen nitrogen mysterious radiation measuring energies charged particles radiation actually composed electrically neutral particles like gamma ray instead required mass similar claimed particles discovery received nobel prize quantum physical models louis proposed moving particles particularly particles exhibit degree wave like behavior fascinated idea explored movement electron better explained wave particle equation published describes electron instead point particle approach predicted phenomena model failed explain concept convenient difficult faced opposition critics max born proposed instead described electron possible states probability finding electron given location nucleus reconciled opposing theories particle versus wave idea wave particle introduced theory stated electron exhibit properties wave particle example like wave mass like particle consequence describing impossible simultaneously derive position momentum electron known uncertainty principle theoretical physicist described published model neat clearly defined circular modern model describes positions terms electron potentially found distance nucleus depending energy level exists frequently certain regions nucleus pattern referred atomic come variety shapes sphere nucleus middle


acid base theory theory acid base reaction theory proposed independently thomas martin fundamental concept theory acid base react acid forms base base forms acid exchange hydrogen theory theory definitions bases theory defined substances solution hydrogen bases defined substances solution physical denmark thomas martin england independently proposed theory carries names theory bases defined way react allows greater definition expressed terms expression acid base base acid acid equation written symbolically sign reaction occur forward backward directions acid lose base base accept acid acid base reactions fast components reaction usually dynamic solutions consider following acid base reaction acid acid water base base accepts acid reverse acid base reaction acid base reaction acid base reaction base acid example base reverse reaction acid power theory contrast theory require acid substances essence theory acid exists relation base vice versa water act acid base image shown right acts base gains acts acid loses example furnished substances like aluminium acting acid acting base non solutions hydrogen acid solutions base virtue self reaction analogous reaction occurs liquid plays role liquid water analogous behave behave bases non behave bases relation stands important widely measure acid organic molecules stronger acid stronger acid water molecules behave non solution solution extreme case occurs carbon extracted bond non behave acidic increase substances dissolved example compound known acid acidic behaviour water base liquid hydrogen acidic comparison lewis acid base theory year published theory lewis proposed alternative theory acid base reactions lewis theory based electronic structure lewis base defined compound donate electron pair lewis acid compound accept electron pair lewis proposal gives explanation classification terms electronic structure representation base base shown carrying lone pair lewis acid transferred lewis later wrote restrict group substances contain hydrogen seriously systematic understanding chemistry restriction term agent substances containing oxygen lewis theory acid base form electron pair form bond illustrated formation reaction occur solution violently water reaction reactions illustrate acid lewis classifications emphasizes consistency theories acid recognized lewis acid virtue reaction case acid base solution acidic hydrogen liberated reaction strong evidence solutions contain amounts dissolved water functions lewis base comparison flood theory reactions certain non media explained basis theory example reaction fall scope definition bases hand basic acidic sense referring water flood theory base non circumstances classification important minerals classed compound basic acidic


life death hollywood extra life death hollywood extra american silent experimental short film written directed robert considered landmark american avant garde cinema tells story man comes hollywood dreams star fail studio executives reducing role extra writing number forehead film visual style includes abrupt cuts rapid camera movement extensive dim lighting shapes forms twisted angles filmed budget today dollars includes combination close ups live actors long shots miniature sets items cardboard paper tin cans cigar boxes toy trains access hollywood studios equipment filming took place filmmakers residences walls painted black use background story inspired experiences hollywood george composition blue films shot later received acclaim work films wrath citizen kane film serves satire social conditions dominant practices hollywood film industry perceived actors douglas assisted development film charlie joseph helped promote unlike experimental films received wide public exhibition released pictures corporation theaters north_america europe film received critics time period modern day film historian brian said american film initiated avant garde country entirety film survived selected preservation national film registry wrote directed remake hollywood boulevard plot jones artist aspiring movie star arrives hollywood immediately star struck glamour film industry speaks film studio representative presenting letter recommendation attempting speak behalf representative cuts writes number forehead point speaks moves mechanical fashion following instructions film directors studio representatives goes series casting calls unable find success constantly confronted signs read casting today series images interspersed scenes including shots hollywood cameras filming word dreams written stars repeating loop man walking word success reaching unlike extras begin find success woman marsh number head constantly stands behest film director eventually succeeds landing greeted casting today sign extra george number unlike facial expressions holds paper masks face performances greeted enthusiasm cheering masses speak number replaced star tremendous success new movie star attempts mimic presenting impressive looking mask star unimpressed sadly mask like baby inability achieve success time passes remains unable find work hollywood despite constant phone calls studio representatives begging work repeatedly confronted casting today signs afford buy food bills unable pay constantly slipped door series images mental shown including twisted trees blowing wind man laying leading success unable reach falls ground exhausted state despair failures finally dies images shown actors laughing revealed read lies hollywood extra words casting today death spirit leaves body pulled platform sky gets higher grows angel wings heaven place crystal towers bright lights hand removes forehead happily flying heaven production conception robert met attended american society lectures credited writers directors life death hollywood extra accounts differ level involvement men creation film identify primarily responsible film historian brian claimed involved writing direction film contribution limited set design miniature lighting insisted sharing equal credit role bringing film fruition early stories film uphold viewpoint including article hollywood magazine claims promote film released later exaggerated role production film paul film echoed sentiments saying tries credit didn said initial idea discussed drafted rough page synopsis said effects devised designed photographed added percent editing montage work claims directed opening ending sequences credits filming casting scene shots laughing extras said rise george character stardom filmed jointly years arrival hollywood conceived idea making film common actor dreams star subsequent failure achieve hopes work publicist journalist covering film industry gave familiarity struggles aspiring actors disappointment failing achieve dreams informed writing hollywood extra final inspiration film came attended performance george composition blue working hollywood months heard music inspired incorporate rhythm blues film later describe film continuity musical rhythm adventures extra hollywood movements attitudes appeared notes avant garde films time emphasized moods emotion wanted script merge narrative equal parts wrote script precise detail describing shot proportion length film shoot necessary high cost film stock development owned camera time efforts obtain unsuccessful met said discussion idea money camera clever painter let picture collaboration split benefit claimed said dollars picture kitchen allowed borrow small box camera purchased proceeds sale oil paintings camera lens type said sold toy trouble obtaining film found cost purchase negative positive film film laboratories knew film ends film stock discarded shooting big budget hollywood films attempted persuade filmmakers camera work completed film starring douglas able obtain feet film production foot strips film ends hand process found time consuming frustrating resulted equivalent reel negative film previously hired handle european public relations provided financial assistance production hollywood extra gave access editing rooms helped provide film ends film shot credited simply simultaneously working assistant cinematographer george barnes samuel studio films later received acclaim cinematography films wrath citizen kane life death hollywood extra cost today covered entirely budget composed today development printing today today transportation today store props cost cents individually development costs salary expenses involved film totaled use mitchell camera filming allowed shots impossible including feet additional paul fact argued primarily responsible film handling primarily close ups film shot film period weeks late filmed weekends subtitles film word dreams success created subtitles reflecting moving light cardboard creating words shadows casting role extra played credited film simply started career leading man silent action films ironically film extra cinema transitioned sound era later wrote novel title film role extra played marsh film extra obtained named role cinema extra movie star portrayed george personal friend went career european films robert appears film casting director mouth hand visible shaking finger protagonist brief role film man constantly walking stairs words success filming filmmakers access studio shooting took place rooms homes walls painted black use background writer movie makers jack spears films review said filmed residence film historian david james claimed filmed kitchen interview claimed filming took place kitchen living room scenes filmed garage film shot basic types compositions miniature sets close ups live actors like scenes hollywood film studios film visual motif includes abrupt cuts rapid camera movement extensive dim lighting shapes forms twisted angles way shares similarities german particularly film cabinet opening credits particular angular single lamp lighting film originally planned use lamps burned filming began close shots actors hold light hands faces lit actor changed position switch hand result faces actors kept partial shadow keeping features obscured small borrowed film studios included light hung inside mirror shaped like cone film acting heavily abstract stylized actors instead speaking actual words record blue played constantly filming actors words saturated rhythm blues source neighbors landlord scenes hollywood shots heaven end film achieved creation miniature sets filmed long shots appearance large expansive total sets built total larger square feet expensive costing took days prepare sets cut cardboard shirts shaped squares painted resemble buildings elevated trains scenes actually toy trains purchased mounted pull track string hand shot scene movement miniature sets simulated moving lamps casting shadows miniature sets look realistic conceal defects placed camera lens moved filming cylinder lens systems rotated shooting image desired diameter said useful giving scenes rhythms thought required sets shot angle exaggerated height create effect sunlight buildings person stand mirror stand opposite light swing forth mirror catch reflections swinging light throw create sense excitement surrounding opening night performance skyscraper photographed camera swinging quickly scenes miniature sets composed long shots scenes actors shot entirely close ups feet final film reel attempting actor miniature backgrounds trick photography scenes cut rapidly viewer sees actor set creating impression place sets involving actors consisting elements like table telephone chairs cigar film studio set created reel strips film background lights casting office created strips cardboard white background portray mental protagonist strips paper cut shape twisted trees background moving shadows set motion electric fan create scene near end film protagonist starts camera moves maze different sized geometric designs inside placed flat shiny service heaven setting miniature set created paper tin cans cigar boxes toy trains set photos taken film illustrations showing effects frames negative paper prints considerably softer movie print order avoid final film edited reel length feet film strip featuring scenes said featured number angles length feature films time film carefully edited synchronized blue original lyrical quality lost shortened modified versions film themes interpretations film serves satire social conditions dominant practices hollywood film industry perceived actors filmmaking expensive requiring larger technical resources particularly rise sound production making increasingly difficult amateur filmmakers enter profession deepened divide hollywood professionals result growing number started hollywood films including hollywood extra subject film extra starts hollywood career hopes dreams ultimately finds discarded industry artistic ambitions destroyed start film protagonist jones letter recommendation outlining talents abilities ignored reduced number movie star served illustration hero worship american culture painted masks represent performances actors spectators alike portrayed mouths respond hollywood films hand signals film directors scene repeatedly loops shot man climbing flight stairs word success atop representing actors vain attempts find advancement career film historians william david james compared similar scene involving post film ballet segments hollywood extra frequently repeated like views city lights shots hollywood casting signs protagonist constant struggle succeed hollywood film abrupt cuts artificial scenery extreme close ups twisted angles dark somber narrative shots film producers critics hollywood extra shot low angles dark backdrops giving characters powerful use similar camera techniques later work citizen kane lighting close ups actors faces features characters black backdrops close ups derive film real world presence scene protagonist await phone calls learn casting decisions image telephone superimposed directly actor forehead growing obsession finding work failure achieve success death words casting today appear death pair cutting film strip film portrays reality protagonist experience style glamour hollywood portrayed reversing conventional expectations film invites viewer interpret version hollywood merely material dreams paradise cruelty failure according scenes streets hollywood filmed wildly moving camera angles edited rapid reflect false excessive nature hollywood film industry protagonist ascension heaven end film serves simultaneously fitting conclusion story satire hollywood desire traditional happy endings heaven located opposite direction hollywood industry james wrote vision heaven escape film industry brutality figures avant garde aspirations film touches hollywood perceived women male actors wear masks symbolize ability act female extra wear instead expected simply stand listen male filmmakers role object men look fact able achieve success filling simple role contrasted protagonist inability succeed despite hard work reveals differently film industry views roles male female actors release commonly known proper title life death hollywood extra released advertised different titles times including hollywood extra reference film low budget titles include hollywood suggested comic actor filmmaker charlie suicide hollywood extra created distributor pictures corporation experimental films period simply screened filmmakers homes private audiences families friends hollywood extra received wide public exhibition release described film way sources differ film premiered according film critic daniel premiered film movie club los_angeles film writer anthony slide wrote opened new_york_city cameo theatre june david james said film true premiere charlie villa beverly_hills california time aspects hollywood filmmaking impressed film watched times screened guests home audience included film industry including douglas john harry lewis milestone mary joseph von king screening accompanied record blue playing organ fearful negative reaction film satire hollywood removed credits hid projection room screening audience originally expected gags impressed film arranged shown united artists theater broadway starting march special musical score based blue prepared hugo showing played live orchestra heavy use saxophone presentation usually reserved bigger budget films played twice nightly film thompson billed america film heavily publicized media reports emphasizing low budget achieved fame picked distribution pictures corporation eventually pictures merger company released film theaters north_america europe north_america shown new_york hollywood philadelphia cleveland montreal washington areas played philadelphia generated praise main attraction film earned single week hollywood extra widely seen american avant garde films united_states soviet_union europe including england france germany italy french rights film love zero sold film opposition classical style embraced hollywood industry ultimately helped prestigious assignments film industry offered special effects position paramount_pictures shortly hollywood extra released paramount wanted hire position von clarified responsible hollywood extra special effects offer film production designer william cameron anxious work watching hollywood extra authored love zero directing designing sets reception film received critics time period modern day reviewer said ranked cinema ranks poetry praised eugene cinema edition movie makers official publication amateur cinema league called triumph amateur experimentation imaginative use limited resources separate movie makers article called scenery beautiful vision dream metropolis manner fine eye camera context piece contributing editor journal arts called truly tremendous picture said eventual leader cinematic art added movement tempo form intensity feeling highly dramatic moments short real motion picture film mercury review lane predicted day hold position bigger film directors said film production europe heralded hit called masterpiece reviewer variety speculated hollywood extra foreign short given similar style european art films film director henry king praised film way ahead time stroke genius declaring original thought saw acclaimed modern day film historians critics included lists prominent experimental films brian called landmark avant garde film said hollywood extra entirely new style substance american film initiated avant garde country film historian william called genuine little masterpiece famous american experimental film 1920s film professor colorado state university called film early american avant garde masterpiece described neglected film david james called 20th century avant garde film wrote hollywood extra successful commercial distribution indicates experimental films acceptable popular audience time period elite audience director author lewis wrote style broad disclosed remarkable sensitivity use props painting camera editing entirety original hollywood extra survived film selected preservation united_states national film registry library congress culturally historically aesthetically significant film restored released dvd collections unseen cinema early american avant garde film image entertainment avant garde experimental cinema 1920s 1930s international commissioned composer david write score film performed matrix ensemble conducted robert work called hollywood extra scored musicians published universal edition remake life death hollywood extra adapted remake called hollywood boulevard written directed like original film remake central character actor seeking job hollywood subjected film industry studio executives film producers hollywood boulevard includes visual similarities original film unusual angles reflect nature hollywood remake includes running time film attractive mass audiences brian said tend diminish importance central characterization hollywood boulevard purpose hollywood extra unforgettable

The Life and Death of 9413: a Hollywood Extra


wings film wings american silent war film set world war produced directed william released paramount_pictures stars bow charles buddy rogers richard cooper appears role helped launch career hollywood film romantic action war picture rewritten hope louis story john monk accommodate bow paramount biggest star time hired director hollywood time world war combat pilot experience richard john monk served war military film shot location budget million kelly field san_antonio texas september april hundreds extras pilots involved filming including pilots planes united_states_army air corps brought filming provide assistance supervision extensively rehearsed scenes battle saint days battlefield production location cast crew spare time filming weather delays shooting conditions intense frequently conflicted military officers brought supervise picture acclaimed technical prowess realism release film future aviation films measured mainly realistic air combat sequences went win academy_award best picture annual academy motion picture arts sciences award ceremony fully silent film won academy_award best engineering effects roy wings men kissing moment rogers deathbed finale widely released films nudity wings selected preservation united_states national film registry library congress culturally historically aesthetically significant film released theaters coincide anniversary limited run plot jack david armstrong rivals small american town pretty lewis jack fails realize girl door mary preston desperately love young men enlist combat pilots air service leave training camp jack mistakenly believes prefers actually prefers david lets know feelings turn jack affection jack david tent mate cadet white acquaintance brief white killed air crash day men endure rigorous training period enemies best friends graduating shipped france fight germans mary joins war effort ambulance driver later learns jack reputation ace known shooting star encounters leave paris finds drunk recognize puts bed military police barge changing borrowed dress uniform room forced resign return america climax story comes epic battle saint david shot presumed dead survives crash landing steals german heads allied lines tragic stroke bad luck jack spots enemy aircraft bent friend begins attack successful downing aircraft lands retrieve victory owner land david aircraft crashed urges jack come dying man agrees distraught realizes david consoles dies war end jack returns home hero welcome visits david parents return friend effects visit begs forgiveness causing david death armstrong says jack responsible son death war jack reunited mary realizes loves cast bow mary preston charles buddy rogers jack richard david armstrong cooper cadet white lewis richard tucker air commander smith sergeant lieutenant cameron henry armstrong julia gordon armstrong uncredited george uncredited production script experience film written morgan original story uncredited louis hope screenplay edited produced directed william original orchestral score john uncredited rewritten accommodate bow paramount biggest star wasn happy wings man picture cream pie producers hired director director hollywood time world war combat pilot experience actor richard writer john monk served world war military able flying film rogers non pilot underwent flight training course production like rogers filmed air offered flying lessons despite number aircraft air incidents occurred involved stunt pilot dick grace fatal crash united_states_army air corps pilot able attract war department support involvement project displayed considerable prowess confidence dealing planes pilots onscreen knowing exactly wanted bringing nonsense attitude according military film historian lawrence filming aerial battle sequences wings shot completed budget million kelly field san_antonio texas september april primary scout aircraft flown film thomas standing american flown hawks painted german developing techniques needed filming pilots air capturing speed motion planes onscreen took time little usable footage produced months soon realized kelly field didn adequate numbers planes skilled pilots needed perform aerial maneuvers request technical assistance supply planes pilots washington air corps sent planes pilots 1st pursuit group stationed field near detroit including bill adviser responsible engineering airborne camera system provide close ups planning pilots broke neck performed battle scenes hundreds extras brought shoot picture pilots involved filming aerial battles required ideal weather shoot production team wait occasion consecutive days proper conditions san_antonio possible attempted capture footage air contrast clouds background cloud banks generate sense velocity danger later explained motion screen relative thing horse runs ground leaps streams know going rapidly relation ground clouds enabled planes disappear clouds audience sense disabled planes delay aerial shooting extensively rehearsed scenes battle saint days large battlefield trenches barbed wire created location filming took responsibility planned explosions right time control panel according peter young men including william given hand held cameras film filming frequently conflicted military officers brought supervise picture especially infantry commander considered monumental movie people argument commander fool government told men exactly want paid attention technical details shooting cars clothing year filming use world war took weeks fully edit film prepare release cast exploits hollywood productions day took little month shoot wings took approximately months complete total generating spectacular aerial footage making hollywood film history paramount expressed concerns cost production expanding budget sent executive san_antonio complain swiftly told options trip home trip hospital according biographer frank thompson approached producer david contract asking replied mouth shut got hurts cast crew lot time hands shooting sequences according director san_antonio armageddon magnificent sexual recalled stayed saint anthony hotel months time left elevator girls pregnant stated bow openly male cast members pilots despite having engaged victor day arriving san_antonio september cooper appearing role helped launch career hollywood began tumultuous affair production bow cooper reportedly showed howard hughes script film wasn impressed considering drama informed cooper looked forward seeing accomplish technical aerial sequences bow strongly costumes film paramount designer travis cut clothing memorable scenes wings men kissing presented medals french general moment rogers deathbed finale remarks rogers kiss romantic kiss desperate love dear friends separated death speculates lingering aspect kiss started process opening america rigid moral attitudes time wings widely released films nudity office nude men undergoing physical exams seen door opened closed bow breasts revealed second paris bedroom scene military police barge changing clothes scene rogers drunk displayed screen genuine years age liquor quickly drinking champagne boom built camera mounted extension shoot café paris scene release reception dedicated film young warriors sky wings folded forever sneak preview shown texas theater houston street san_antonio premiere held criterion theater new_york_city august screened weeks moved second run theaters original paramount release wings color sequences early process known paramount film old original release aerial scenes use color process flames explosions prints synchronized sound effects music general_electric later sound film process wings immediate success release aviation films measured terms authenticity combat scope production reasons popularity public aviation wake charles flight air corps supervised production expressed satisfaction end product critical response equally enthusiastic film widely praised realism technical prowess despite superficial plot aviation picnic gene brown called combat scenes film realistic writer studying film early 1970s wondering actual imagery planes crashing earth world war critic observed exceptional quality wings lies appeal spectacle picture flying wartime conditions wrote line war pictures packed greater proportion real thrills equal footage spectacle wings technical triumph piles punch punch spectator exhausted hall new_york_times praised cinematography flying scenes direction acting entire cast review dated august hall notes criticisms slight richard performance ending described like screen stories sentimental far wants accolades academy_award ceremony held hotel roosevelt hollywood honor outstanding film achievements wings entered number categories film win academy_award best picture called best picture production best engineering effects roy year sunrise song humans won unique artistic production considered equal winner night following year academy dropped unique artistic production award decided award won wings highest honor awarded known oscar presented douglas bow behalf producers legacy years wings considered lost film print found film archive paris quickly copied film safety film stock shown theaters including theaters film accompanied pipe organs retrospect film scholar scott book speed sound hollywood revolution says ironically mass market silent spectacular like william wings showcases far visual variety mainstream american films offered displays shifts brutal realism techniques associated soviet avant garde french cinema double point view shots trick effects symbolic illustrations titles wings selected preservation united_states national film registry library congress culturally historically aesthetically significant director son william authored book film father participation making titled man wings william making best picture film focus episode television series junction originally aired november rogers scheduled appear film opening local cinemas opted instead attend new_york screening held night uncle joe writes letter pair town generate publicity agreed attend second opening years later rogers appeared december episode titled carol introduced stars wings ceremony mark graduation ball carol training appear stage beneath taken film later ceremony star musical ball world war pilots restoration original lost closest original print spare negative stored paramount suffering decay defects negative fully restored modern technology restored version wings original music score orchestrated sound effects recreated sound archived audio tracks scenes color process recreated restored version paramount issued vhs release company issued restored version dvd blu ray remastered version high definition coincided centennial anniversary paramount limited release seen exclusively select theaters twice daily coincide anniversary


del del literally tragedy silence silent melodrama film directed screened july theatre filmed black white tells story man suffering film silent film era film score performed projection written screening film received critics public later shown panama venezuela given theme film criticized believed negative impact image colombia despite parts film surviving retained minute second excerpt film synopsis del romantic melodrama minute second excerpt del remains shows film centres man suffering engineer working central spare time develops plans family friend father informed tells wife daughter fatal illness student courts wife engineer commit suicide learns diagnosis incorrect medical worker confused test results engineer saves marriage cast student mercedes production project producer director theatre company pioneers cinema introduction foreign films colombia theatres profitable leading create production house son originally known colombia wrote directed film according film critic promote film productions releasing launched magazine issue published issue main article reveals prologue chapters film credited author article musical score film written issue implementation del shot temporary studios house priest named location theatre initially film shot camera lens later chemicals production film purchased company located founded photographic print manufactured scientific section airline del production company ensured length entirely film actors production team members born colombia film silent film era score reception promotion strategy film played nationalist sentiment announcing del movie screened public july theatre attracting large audience technical problems including power failure errors caused particular director son director theatre francisco operator francisco film received public press viewers complained poor image quality theatre crowded seventeen film successful financially screening del october praised local press important development film industry following screening industrialist provided financial support resulting release film film successful panama venezuela film addresses topic viewers voiced concerns colombia world film resulted decrease price coffee abroad analysis topics covered del address political social economic topics different cultural aspects lifestyle population intend film create controversy mention situation colombia plot film instead focusing narrowly man struggle life death main theme film storylines follow different protagonists motivations husband learning face destiny learns disease requires separate family learning confront rival student regain love wife issue contained images del jesus people myth civil wars film religious aspect character father refers directly father film style attempt imitate conventions silent cinema infancy staging acting film exaggerated artificial equipment limitations causing indoor scenes outdoor scenes camera allow camera movement definition dark rendering lacked large depth field producing flat image required good lighting operate effectively overhead shots commonly medium shots small number large shots conservation documentary del gave overview work family documentary takes del aimed commemorate sound film colombia los directed restoring recordings films earlier films able preserve minutes seconds del frames second announced releasing dvds including work family august restored version film inaugurated seventh festival cinema spanish festival