uss west uss west cargo ship united_states_navy world war later known helen civilian service american registry empire british registry dutch registry west launched united_states shipping board west boats series steel cargo ships built west_coast united_states world war war effort west briefly distinction fastest launched fastest completed ocean going ship world pressed cargo service navy uss west commissioned naval overseas transportation service completed round trip france navy mid briefly cargo service seattle laid late west sold los_angeles steamship company early refurbished renamed helen cargo service navigation company purchased helen frequently sailed hawaiian sugar routes renamed continued hawaiian service sold british interests help fill united_kingdom urgent need merchant ships sailing ship renamed empire sailed convoys making round trips february time empire transferred dutch interests renamed successfully completed dutch registry leg second convoy convoy attacked wolf pack german submarines shortly midnight november struck engine room single torpedo fired german submarine complement men british gunners aboard survived attack allied ships convoy sunk german submarines design construction west ships cargo ships similar size design built shipyards west_coast united_states united_states shipping board emergency use world war given names began word west like west west ships built skinner seattle washington west skinner laid february launched april time working days calendar days keel laying launch world record time beating launch columbia river west grove launched working days march west completed working days keel laying world record days columbia river previous record west fallen fastest edward wartime chairman compiled list fastest constructed ocean going vessels book new merchant marine skinner received bonus completing ship early west gross register tons grt feet inches long perpendiculars feet inches west steel hull ship single steam turbine drove single screw propeller moved ship knot pace world war west activities delivery entirely clear west ships avoid sailing east_coast loaded grain products intended united_kingdom france italy sailed europe unloading transferring cargo known west early activities west handed united_states_navy brooklyn august assigned identification number uss west commissioned naval overseas transportation service august lieutenant commander louis command new_york west took load tons united_states_army deck load trucks departed france convoy unloading cargo returned new_york october voyage repairs loaded tons cargo corps departed europe november west route france armistice ended fighting signed november west delivered cargo saint took load tons delivery united_states departing france december west arrived new_york january shifting new_orleans taking load cargo west began voyage france making delivery brest cargo ship took load steel rails sand ballast sailed newport news virginia arrived march loaded railroad supplies corps sailed april final trip france delivery west returned new_york june weeks later decommissioned struck navy list returned interwar career return united_states shipping board june west returned seattle based years operation united_states official number allocated september ship laid reserve fleet norfolk february sold west los_angeles steamship company basis operation announced plans overhaul ship operation arrow line cargo service paid percent cash signed note balance paid years march changed west port registry seattle los_angeles march announced ship renamed helen daughter california oil pioneer max code letters allocated announced helen operated sudden steamship company scheduled sail baltimore april begin service helen activities years recorded contemporary newspaper accounts affected absorption competitor navigation company january late august helen added hawaiian sugar service gulf_coast north_atlantic ports helen returned service early new_york_times reported sailed san_francisco march arrived new_york april june year helen ships added carry food cargo hawaii shipments food mainland accounted hawaii needs curtailed strike affected ports los_angeles helen sailed food delivery june tons food los_angeles honolulu code letters change february helen returned hawaiian sugar service time time service helen called new_york typical voyage tracked new_york_times began departed new_york november honolulu passed panama canal december arrived honolulu helen departed january arrived new_york february occasionally helen trips baltimore voyage repairs arrival new_york departure hawaii cargo ship continued honolulu new_york service september renamed ship continued hawaiian service july received permission united_states maritime commission successor sell sir ltd west days approval british registry departed los_angeles new_york world war acquired fill united_kingdom urgent need merchant vessels operated authority ministry war transport departing panama august arrived new_york august new_york albany boston ending baltimore august sailing september load pig iron arrived halifax days later departed halifax liverpool convoy october turn sydney nova_scotia set october convoy sydney liverpool convoy departed convoy arrived clyde october empire renamed empire november weeks half month stay clyde port registry london united_kingdom official number code letters allocated empire departed voyage new sailed convoy february convoy came attack german bombers convoy escorts departed convoy dispersed convoy ships sunk german italian submarines february empire safely reached destination philadelphia march taking load steel empire sailed halifax newport convoy arriving sailed haven june june sailed convoy haven defects empire tried convoy july return putting clyde july month clyde empire set time north_america convoy dispersed mid ocean lost ships submarines empire successfully reached destination boston september way philadelphia october sydney october joined convoy sailing manchester day cargo grain steel cotton arrived november departed liverpool days later returning later month empire sailed convoy barry arrived december empire spent half months barry sailing february heading haven february sailed day convoy headed portland maine safely arrived march intermediate stop halifax march days later empire sailed boston departed boston april halifax departed convoy days later hull general cargo empire arrived sailed day arriving headed destination hull hull empire transferred dutch government assigned netherlands shipping trading committee ship changed port registry changed den netherlands german occupation placed management british continental shipping agency ltd departed hull called sailing new_york convoy june intermediate stop halifax arrived cape canal june proceeded new_york arrived day making trips philadelphia departed cape bay form convoy halifax arrived july sailed halifax sydney nova_scotia convoy sailed july liverpool convoy arrival july spent nearly month liverpool joining convoy new_york arriving destination september sailed day newport news took long tons general cargo ammunition returned new_york october sailed days later convoy headed liverpool october german submarine german submarine sighted eastbound convoy relayed convoy position wolf pack thirteen boats boats patrolling nearby getting position convoy escorts days wolf pack attacked convoy night november sank seven ships ship sunk day november night november convoy sailed thick fog concealed location kept boats bay dawn fog lifted ship sunk dark wolf pack struck november closed torpedoed empire single torpedo hit starboard engine room immediately knocking power ship caused begin rapidly sinking life port launched men board ship master crewmen british gunners died attack sinking navy rescued survivors entire convoy nearby boats heavy explosion thought largest prior atomic bomb testing explosion stopped engine rescuing survivors miles astern convoy rescuing survivors empire explosion lifted bow violently crew believed torpedoed crew abandoned ship master realized undamaged sail england skeleton crew including empire survivors arrival england damage found small port believed destroyed explosion cause explosion unknown assumed resulted ammunition cargo aboard allied ships sunk convoy


uss georgia uss georgia united_states_navy virginia class battleship ships class built bath iron works maine keel laid august launching october completed battleship commissioned fleet september ship armed offensive battery inch guns inch guns capable speed knots mph georgia spent majority career atlantic fleet took exposition suffered explosion aft inch gun turret killed wounded men end year joined great white fleet globe ended early peacetime training followed years cruised mexican waters protect american interests mexican revolution early ship temporarily decommissioned united_states entered world war april ship tasked training naval recruits expanding wartime fleet starting september convoy escort casualties war disease result poor conditions severe aboard ship georgia transport american soldiers france following year transferred pacific fleet served flagship 2nd division 1st squadron washington naval treaty signed cut short ship career mandated severe draw downs naval strength georgia accordingly sold scrap november design georgia feet inches long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons load ship powered shaft triple expansion steam engines rated indicated horsepower coal fired boilers generating speed knots mph built fitted heavy military masts quickly replaced cage masts crew officers enlisted men ship armed main battery inch mark guns twin gun turrets centerline forward aft secondary battery consisted inch guns inch guns inch guns mounted twin turrets atop main battery turrets turrets abreast forward funnel inch guns placed casemates hull close range defense torpedo boats carried inch guns mounted casemates hull pounder guns standard capital ships period georgia carried torpedo tubes submerged hull broadside georgia main armored belt thick magazines machinery spaces main battery gun turrets secondary turrets inch thick faces supporting barbettes armor plating conning tower thick sides service history georgia laid august bath iron works maine completed hull launched october fitting work commenced ship commissioned fleet september georgia conducted cruise fitting work completed joining 2nd division squadron atlantic fleet steamed roads march join rest fleet bay cuba ships conducted gunnery training georgia steamed boston navy yard repairs attending exposition commemorated anniversary founding colony international fleet included british french german japanese austro hungarian warships joined navy event june ship took naval review president roosevelt days later departed target practice cape bay arriving june charge exploded aft inch turret july killing officers men wounding later year ship took fleet maneuvers atlantic september went dry dock philadelphia naval shipyard overhaul georgia joined great white fleet december departed roads begin globe purpose cruise naval strength fleet cruised south caribbean south_america making stops port spain rio_de_janeiro arenas cities arriving mexico march fleet spent weeks conducting gunnery practice fleet resumed voyage pacific_coast americas stopping san_francisco seattle crossing pacific australia stopping hawaii way stops south pacific included melbourne sydney leaving australia fleet turned north philippines stopping manila continuing japan welcoming ceremony held weeks exercises followed bay philippines november ships passed singapore december entered indian_ocean proceeding suez_canal port said egypt fleet called mediterranean ports stopping gibraltar international fleet british russian french dutch warships greeted americans ships crossed atlantic return roads february having traveled nautical miles conducted naval review president roosevelt course following year half georgia conducted peacetime routine training maneuvers gunnery drills november took naval review president william howard preparation cruise western_europe atlantic fleet ships stopped france britain conducted extensive maneuvers cruise georgia rest fleet arrived bay march returned peacetime training routine years june conducted training cruise united_states naval academy followed overhaul boston navy yard early january deployed mexican waters protect american interests country mexican revolution remained january march returned norfolk briefly ship cruising mexico summer august october operated waters protect americans country experiencing internal unrest ship went drydock overhaul returning cuban waters maneuvers fleet arrived february rest year spent training exercises atlantic fleet overhaul boston navy yard january january january georgia decommissioned temporarily day united_states declaration war germany april ship reactivated service world war assigned 3rd division battleship force based york river virginia spent war training gunners rapidly expanding wartime navy conducting tactical training exercises period ship frequently thousand men aboard ship despite fact sleeping accommodations ship commander time captain raised concerns crowded conditions aboard ship september end conflict georgia assigned cruiser force atlantic convoy escort ship operation troop ship convoy departed new_york september rest escort consisted armored cruisers north_carolina montana destroyer georgia long tons coal addition normal stocks significantly degraded characteristics ship accordingly reduce flooding heavy seas effect spread disease cruise crew suffered cases cases pneumonia men died disease additional coal ship sufficient fuel reach hand point break convoy return port germany signed armistice allied powers ending war november december ship equipped serve transport carry american soldiers france duty saw ship transferred cruiser transport force trips december june carrying soldiers total trip company battleship kansas arrived brest france december georgia transferred pacific fleet shortly departing boston july panama canal arrived san_diego flagship 2nd division 1st squadron ship went mare island navy yard periodic maintenance september ship remained july decommissioned terms washington naval treaty ship sold scrapping november subsequently broken ship formally stricken naval register november


milwaukee class monitor milwaukee class monitors class ironclad monitors built american_civil_war supported union forces mississippi_river participating battle mobile bay august bombarded confederate coastal fortifications battle subsequent operations engaging ironclad tennessee ships arrived mobile bay battle supported land attacks mobile march april milwaukee struck torpedo time sank surviving ships sold converted ferry survived scuttled wreck discovered design description milwaukee class monitors origin order secretary navy commodore joseph smith chief bureau yards docks april recommend river ironclads mount inch guns draft feet james received contract build iron twin ironclads partly influence missouri congressman frank blair retained ships builders milwaukee class ships feet long overall beam feet depth hold feet inches draft feet ships tons displaced long tons powered cylinder horizontal non steam engines driving inch propellers steam generated seven tubular boilers engines designed reach speed knots mph bore inches stroke inches carried long tons coal ships main armament consisted muzzle loading inch guns mounted twin gun turrets fore turret ship designed aft turret standard design union monitors unlike rested entire weight central elevated order turret rotate design better distributed weight rested number ball underneath outer edge turret structure turret extended ship entire structure rotated guns turret mounted steam powered platform moved guns deck safe enemy interference turrets steam engines rotate design power virtually function turret including running guns absorbing firing opening gun ports allow guns fire ability adjust level turret floor doubled elevation guns compared allowed turret advantage turret required crew men far fewer design gun weighed approximately pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation cylindrical turrets protected layers wrought iron inch plates deck deck turret single layer thick holes guns loaded sides hull consisted layers inch plates backed inches pine deck heavily allow crew shallow draft consisted iron plates inches thick milwaukee additional layer armor total inches positioned fore turret protected inches armor ships careers ship commissioned spent time patrolling mississippi_river supporting union forces operating length transferred west gulf blockading squadron early july support impending attack defenses mobile alabama rear admiral david organized monitors present separate column leading wooden ships engage fort morgan ships proceeded bay fourth monitors line respectively heavily armored class monitors manhattan preceded struck torpedo fort small boat rescued survivors delivered aft turret jammed bombardment fort morgan funnel holes significantly reducing speed confederate ironclad tennessee attacked wooden ships effect passed confederate forts engaged briefly took shelter fort morgan guns half hour later ironclad attacked ships monitors initially engaged managed assume position tennessee stern fired repeatedly point blank range shots failed penetrate tennessee armor jam armored stern gun port cut exposed steering chains rendering unable steer crew attempted shell struck edge creating fragments killed attempting knock retaining pin broke admiral franklin leg damage damage inflicted union ships persuaded commander james surrender ship monitors remained mobile bay subsequently bombarded fort morgan fort surrendered weeks later monitors commissioned late participate battle supporting forces near mouth red river summer transferred west gulf blockading squadron october operations mobile milwaukee transferred west gulf blockading squadron month union forces weak attack city march monitors moved river end month cut confederate communications spanish fort union troops besieged fort milwaukee sortied march attack confederate transport milwaukee struck torpedo returning sortie entire crew survived rescued following day rescued crew monitor struck torpedo sunk occupation alabama early april escorted troop convoy montgomery alabama blockaded river prevent ironclad nashville confederate ships interfering union forces war surviving ships decommissioned later sold september new owners converted propulsion coal railroad ferry scuttled wreck discovered milwaukee wreck salvaged war iron building bridge mississippi louis


uss uss single river monitor built united_states_navy american_civil_war ship served mississippi_river squadron war participated red river campaign shortly commissioned early patrolled mississippi_river tributaries end campaign rest war decommissioned war sold late ship activities owner known sale transported federal troops new_orleans police attempting white killed large number blacks massacre ferried witnesses forth homes red river subsequent trials ultimate fate unknown description ship feet long overall beam feet depth hold feet inches draft feet tons powered pair cylinder steam engines driving bladed foot propellers steam generated boilers engines designed reach speed miles hour bore inches stroke inches carry long tons coal machinery built franklin louis missouri ship fitted armored mounted gun turret officers built deck light pine hurricane deck positioned turret funnels hull subdivided transverse longitudinal watertight bulkheads main armament initially consisted muzzle loading inch guns mounted twin gun turret forward inch gun weighed pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation july armament reinforced addition inch gun inch pivot mounts guns mounted bow stern abreast broadside inch weighed pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation inch gun weighed pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation chosen experimental underwater battery consisted inch gun firing pipe hull waterline cost caused project cancelled january tested cylindrical style turret armored layers wrought iron inch plates forward feet hull protected layers inch plates extended foot waterline aft bow section hull armor consisted layers inch plates ship deck protected iron plates inch thick construction service contract ship united_states_navy named tribe indians awarded george ship construction mound city marine ways shipyard mound city illinois laid launched february towed louis fitting arrived february commissioned february acting volunteer lieutenant george brown command cost spent entire union navy career serving mississippi_river squadron march took rear admiral david porter red river expedition alexandria louisiana retreat red river trapped falls alexandria ironclads mississippi squadron river water level unexpectedly began fall temporary dams known bailey dam built april raise water level high allow ironclads proceed downstream end campaign assigned district patrolling mississippi_river louisiana fort adams mississippi following end war decommissioned mound city july sold november identity known activities sale service late based new_orleans louisiana governor william ship transport soldiers 19th infantry regiment mounted members new_orleans metropolitan police louisiana october perpetrators massacre widespread resistance local whites men arrested transported new_orleans stand trial december prosecution witnesses transported housed ship trials february march protect threats white known activities fate


uss new_mexico uss new_mexico battleship service united_states_navy lead ship class battleships ship named state new_mexico keel laid october new_york navy yard launched april commissioned ship turbo electric transmission helped reach cruising speed knots mph shortly completing initial training new_mexico escorted ship carried president wilson brest france sign treaty versailles interwar period marked repeated exercises pacific atlantic fleets use trial ship controllers major modernization march january ship actions world war neutrality patrols atlantic_ocean returned pacific japanese attack pearl harbor participated shore operations marshall islands islands okinawa interspersed escort duties patrols ship attacked occasions new_mexico present tokyo bay signing japanese instrument surrender september days later sailed united_states arrived boston october new_mexico decommissioned boston july struck naval vessel register february ship sold scrapping division november attempts bring ship newark new_jersey breaking met resistance city officials city sent block passage battleship united_states_coast_guard declared intentions guarantee safe passage secretary navy department sent media began battle newark bay city agreeing breaking new_mexico battleships scrapping operations newark bay ceased instructions ships set suffer financial penalties scrapping commenced november completed july description new_mexico feet long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons load crew officers enlisted men ship main armament comprised inch caliber guns mounted guns turrets turret weighing tonnes short tons secondary battery consisted fourteen inch caliber guns removed anti aircraft defense consisted inch caliber guns soon replaced battery inch caliber guns standard capital ships period carried inch torpedo tubes deck mounted torpedo launchers new_mexico main armored belt thick magazines machinery spaces main battery gun turrets inch thick faces supporting barbettes armor plating exposed sides armor thick protected decks conning tower thick sides propulsion system unlike battleships class geared turbines new_mexico turbo electric transmission high speed steam turbine drove set generators providing electricity electric motors turning propeller shafts engines rated shaft horsepower boilers generating speed knots mph range nautical miles cruising speed knots mph general_electric ran advertisement titled constitution day propelled drawing new_mexico uss constitution touted battleship nation electrically propelled electrical generating plant said shaft horsepower cruising speed knots mph called important achievements scientific age related consumer products noting general applications electricity needs mankind scarcely home individual today need benefits general_electric products service illustrated booklet titled electric ship offered free charge request comparison turbo electric propulsion conventional direct drive turbine design sister ships showed conventional design generated times power ton machinery required floor area cost greater fuel consumption concern navy given pacific distances turbo electric design allowed equipment split smaller watertight compartments potential benefit parts engine space attacked flooded design weakness electrical connections went single switch room entirely disable ship room hit similar propulsion design lost power minutes hit torpedo scheme watertight subdivisions weakened large ventilation passing bulkheads glass windows generator room bulkhead service history new_mexico keel laid october new_york navy yard launched april ship sponsored miss margaret daughter recently deceased governor new_mexico died february commissioned captain charge new_mexico passed initial trials left new_york harbor january brest escort ship george_washington george_washington carrying president wilson return versailles peace conference returned roads area february new_mexico flagship newly created united_states pacific fleet july days later left san california passed panama canal arrived san august inch caliber guns removed later overhaul years consisted training exercises maneuvers pacific caribbean pacific atlantic fleets took cruises south american ports early development controllers invented russian american engineer automated steering ships devices widespread control engineering took cruise australia new_zealand training exercises atlantic pacific finished new_mexico overhauled modernized philadelphia harbor navy march january overhaul included replacement turbo electric drive conventional geared turbines curtis addition new_mexico received inch caliber anti aircraft guns replacing inch guns previously installed overhaul returned pacific continue training exercises development tactical operations fleet problem fastest battleships navy having maximum speed knots mph higher battleships knots mph faster japan slowest battleships led development north_carolina class battleship south class battleship arrived hawaii sail dutch harbor alaska ships sent help navy evaluate fighting sub arctic conditions world war prospect war grew new_mexico based pearl harbor hawaii december left pearl harbor join atlantic fleet norfolk june neutrality patrol duty atlantic coast atlantic served day shifts following destroyers escort convoys atlantic december headed roads route west_coast japanese attacked pearl harbor accidentally rammed sank freighter oregon south boston harbor managed reach panama canal january overhaul sound navy yard secondary battery guns removed space anti aircraft guns overhaul completed august departed san_francisco hawaii prepare action december march escorted convoys transports fiji islands patrolled southwestern pacific returning pearl harbor ready islands campaign training steamed base attack later participated july led japanese evacuation island week later islands campaign refit undertaken sound navy yard october new_mexico returned pearl harbor practice invasion gilbert islands november invasion underway shelled fighting islands ship tasked guarding transports night retreated islands providing anti aircraft fire unloading supplies troops providing screening fire aircraft carriers troops captured gilbert islands december new_mexico returned pearl harbor new_mexico marshall islands invasion force january shelled january february february ship shelled following month shelled new ireland sailed solomon islands practice attack islands stopping sydney australia way mid june new_mexico joined bombarded guam june helped drive away air attacks later june escorted transports islands carrier task force destroyed japanese carrier force battle philippine sea later escorted troop transports naval base july sailed guard escort carriers july guns later hit guam july kept island july invasion islands received overhaul washington october november overhaul arrived gulf escort reinforcement supply transports convoys dealt daily air attacks japanese heavy resistance liberation philippines departed gulf december later joined bound convoy provided anti aircraft fire convoy provided cover fire invading forces provided cover days retiring new_mexico task philippines liberation took pre invasion gulf january bombardment came heavy attack hit bridge killing commanding officer captain robert dead included lieutenant general british representative general army douglas crew wounded bruce commander british pacific fleet narrowly escaped death bridge secretary killed guns remained action ship crew repaired damage invasion troops landing beaches extensive repairs completed pearl harbor new_mexico sailed island invasion okinawa large fire support group heavy guns opened okinawa march month continued support troops ashore destroyed suicide boats approaching berth anchorage sunset attacked managed hit bomb set fire members new_mexico crew killed wounded swift action led fires extinguished minutes departed repairs followed rehearsals planned invasion japan word war end reached august day sailed okinawa join occupation force entered august support airborne occupation airfield day new_mexico passed tokyo bay witness japanese surrender took place september departed tokyo bay september passing okinawa hawaii panama canal arriving boston october postwar new_mexico decommissioned boston july struck naval vessel register february november sold scrapping division decided tow new_mexico scrapping newark new_jersey proximity newark rail lines ideal location ship hauling away steel early november new_mexico departed boston towed november coast new_york pulling battleship encountered heavy weather forced cut tow lines running lights kept aboard new_mexico eventually lost sight battleship new_mexico drifted derelict spotted coast guard plane day miles coast secured tow lines continued journey newark city officials decided want ships scrapped city waterfront newark implementing plan waterfront allocated million improvements city declared attempt bring new_mexico newark blocked city michael william dispatched prepared use fire chemical halt new_mexico response organized force united_states_coast_guard declared guarantee safe passage new_mexico provided legal entry permitted showdown dubbed press battle newark bay santa chamber commerce announced protest newark new_mexico namesake refusal admit battleship new_mexico awaited suitable tidal conditions final tow newark navy department sent secretary john negotiate sessions arranged agreement city newark newark allow new_mexico battleships idaho wyoming scrapped newark permanent ship facility months dispose ships subjected fine day deadline new_mexico finally entered newark channel november greeted newark earlier sent oppose ship newark arranged school children honor old battleship marching band new_mexico subsequently joined idaho wyoming finally dismantled scrapping new_mexico began november completed july awards following awards presented ship service world war american defense service medal fleet american campaign medal pacific campaign medal battle stars world war victory medal navy occupation medal asia philippine liberation medal stars


uss maryland uss maryland known old mary fighting mary colorado class battleship ship united_states_navy named honor seventh state commissioned serving flagship fleet cruised australia new_zealand brazil notable service world war present battleship row attack pearl harbor lightly damaged japanese bombs returning duty saw service pacific war supporting rest fleet battle midway patrolling fiji islands guard japanese went offensive commencing shore battle later battle battle took torpedo damage bow necessitating repairs participated battle gulf hit took hit battle okinawa repair end world war service operation magic carpet decommissioned sold scrap received seven battle stars world war service construction maryland dreadnought battleships colorado class constructed keel laid april newport news company newport news virginia launched march sponsored brook lee daughter law senator maryland blair lee commissioned july captain preston command ship named state maryland maryland sloop commissioned second maryland armored cruiser commissioned maryland overall length feet extreme beam feet mean draft feet displaced tonnes long tons short tons armor inches maximum thickness designed speed knots crew complement consisted officers men maryland main battery consisted inch caliber mark guns double turrets superfiring pair forward superfiring pair mounted aft main superstructure capable firing pounds armor piercing mark shells later upgraded pounds mark secondary battery consisted inch guns inch caliber guns armed pair inch submerged torpedo tubes outfitted new type seaplane catapult guns mounted ship service history inter war period following commissioning maryland undertook east_coast cruise shortly maryland flagship admiral jones maryland found great demand special occasions appeared maryland united_states naval academy graduation boston massachusetts anniversary battle bunker hill fourth july august september paid visit foreign port transporting secretary state charles evans hughes rio_de_janeiro brazil centennial exposition year fleet exercises panama canal zone maryland canal june join battle fleet stationed west_coast continued flagship flag shifted pennsylvania voyage foreign port time australia new_zealand years later transported president elect pacific leg tour latin_america overhauled anti aircraft guns replaced guns years 1930s served fleet readiness training operations conducted numerous patrols 1930s maryland battleships battle force changed bases operations pearl harbor present battleship row ford island japanese attack december attack pearl harbor morning december maryland moored ford island oklahoma port connected lines fore california tennessee west_virginia astern aft nevada arizona seven battleships known battleship row recently returned maneuvers maryland crew preparing shore leave eating breakfast japanese attack began japanese aircraft appeared explosions battleships maryland blew general quarters short addressing christmas cards near machine gun brought ship guns play shooting torpedo bombers released oklahoma oklahoma protected initial torpedo attack maryland managed bring batteries action devastating initial attack sank oklahoma capsized quickly surviving men climbing aboard maryland assist anti aircraft defenses maryland struck armor piercing bombs detonated low hull struck forecastle hole second exploded entering hull water level frame hit caused flooding increased draft forward maryland continued fire attack sent parties assist especially attempting rescue survivors capsized oklahoma men continued muster defenses case japanese returned attack officers men killed attack japanese erroneously announced maryland sunk december damaged ship entered sound navy yard repairs tennessee original guns removed guns replaced equal number dual purpose guns course months repaired overhauled receiving new fighting equipment repairs complete february underwent series cruises west_coast ports christmas islands sent action june ship damaged pearl harbor return duty supporting patrols important battle midway maryland played supporting role like older battleships fast accompany aircraft carriers operated backup fleet maryland stood security awaiting ships needed end battle end action midway maryland sent san_francisco maryland engaged constant training exercises battleship division battleship division battleship division august returned pearl harbor repairs time harbor japanese attack departed pearl harbor early november colorado bound forward area november pig mascot king neptune came aboard maryland initiate line crossing ceremony maryland steamed fiji islands patrolled japanese battleships acted guard japanese advance prevent japanese forces threatening australia duty battleships conducted frequent sweeps japanese forces early success solomon islands campaign allied forces went offensive february maryland colorado moved new operating intense heat proved difficult unpleasant crew moved santo guard japanese heat heavy rains plagued tour duty maryland colorado stood island harbor august week overhaul pearl harbor shipyard millimetres guns installed decks foremast protection anticipated japanese air raids future operations battle departing hawaiian islands october south pacific maryland flagship rear admiral harry hill amphibious force southern attack force gilbert islands invasion aboard major general julian smith commander 2nd marine division general mad smith commander marine landing forces colonel evans commander raiders maryland returned island staging area joined large task force preparing assault battle commenced november offensive action war maryland guns opened fire destroying shore battery southwestern point island commenced scheduled shore bombardment japanese defenses ahead landings maryland moved closer shore attract japanese fire locate artillery process japanese gun control stations japanese installations spot marine landing forces encountered heavy japanese resistance began taking casualties maryland provided covering fire eliminate japanese machine gun nests scouting plane began cover progress marines assault maryland providing artillery support plane damaged pilot wounded action days covering offensive island moved island guard marine landings marines met light resistance japanese soldiers prisoners brought maryland december maryland left island pearl harbor brief maryland left san_francisco repairs battle maryland steamed san california january task force roads days loading ammunition ahead new operation supporting marshall islands campaign january moved support landings island santa indianapolis formed northern support group hours january ships began bombardment opening moves battle maryland destroyed numerous japanese stationary guns course battle fired split liners guns turret putting action rest day february continued attack japanese positions landing forces advanced flagship admiral weeks smaller ships operation departed task unit carriers destroyers february steaming navy yard underwent overhaul guns replaced battle months later maryland sailed westward joining task force headed vice admiral richmond turner allotted days island defenses ahead assault firing commenced june quickly destroyed coastal guns began bombarding destroying ammunition gun positions small boats storage tanks buildings turned guns heavy bombardment invasion commenced june maryland provided fire support landing forces japanese attempted counter battleships air june ship guns shot japanese aircraft june betty medium bomber flew low contested hills found maryland pennsylvania japanese plane dropped torpedo opening large hole maryland bow attack caused light casualties minutes underway steamed repair yards pearl harbor reverse time damage bow escorted destroyers men killed attack clock effort shipyard workers maryland repaired days departing august embarked solomon islands large task force bay florida island weeks steaming islands september joined rear admiral western fire support group task group firing september cover operations underwater demolition teams opening battle maryland conducted shore bombardment supporting landing craft approached beaches september days later organized resistance collapsed permitting fire support ships retire admiralty islands end month battle gulf maryland steamed harbor assigned 7th fleet admiral fleet sortied october maryland joined task group gunfire covering force invasion battleships numerous cruisers destroyers steamed gulf morning october maryland took position red white beaches began bombarding ahead invasion began october securing beaches quickly maryland took sentinel position gulf guard beaches japanese counterattack sea days japanese forces launched air raids counter included widespread use suicide attack days later submarines south china sea spotted japanese forces approach battleships steaming san force japanese carriers northern october maryland west_virginia mississippi tennessee california pennsylvania sailed southern end gulf protect cruisers destroyers boats early october battle japanese battleships screens led japanese advance waiting americans ships launched ambush japanese battleships pounding torpedoes main guns torpedoes destroyers sunk continued attacks task force claimed remaining japanese ships fled sea pursued allied aircraft following victory maryland patrolled southern approaches october steamed admiralty isles brief resumed patrol duty november protecting landing forces continued japanese air attacks november japanese air attack aircraft surprised struck maryland aircraft crashed maryland turrets piercing forecastle main armored decks blowing hole inch steel causing extensive damage starting fires men killed wounded attack medical department destroyed functional battleship continued patrols relieved december sailed heavily damaged destroyers repairs reached pearl harbor december extensively repaired refitted months battle okinawa training maryland headed western pacific march arriving march joined 5th fleet rear admiral task force preparing invasion okinawa fleet departed march bound okinawa maryland assigned targets southern coast okinawa support landing distract japanese forces away main landing west_coast japanese forces responded air raids maryland radar picket destroyers struck planes sinking april moved west_coast invasion beaches assist minneapolis destroying shore batteries following land invasion remained support force point providing artillery support invading troops maryland continued fire support duty april steamed north intercept japanese surface force japanese ships including came constant air attacks day planes fast carrier task force sank ships force dusk loaded bomb crashed turret starboard explosion wiped mounts caused large fire ammunition ignited heat causing casualties killed injured missing following attack maryland remained station week continued artillery support mission air raids turret damaged usable remained silent remainder mission april maryland left firing line okinawa escorted retiring transports steamed islands guam pearl harbor reached sound navy yard extensive overhaul guns removed replaced sixteen inch guns new twin mounts turret repaired crew quarters improved completed repairs august leaving tests training runs japan surrendered ending war entered operation magic carpet fleet remaining months maryland west_coast pearl harbor returning servicemen united_states post war arriving seattle washington december maryland completed operation magic carpet duty entered sound naval shipyard april placed commission inactive reserve july decommissioned april remained unit pacific reserve fleet maryland sold scrapping company oakland california july june governor maryland dedicated monument memory maryland men built granite bronze incorporating bell fighting mary monument located grounds state house maryland awards american defense service medal fleet american campaign medal pacific campaign medal seven battle stars world war victory medal maryland received seven battle stars world war service pearl harbor midway december gilbert islands operation november december marshall islands operation occupation islands january february operation capture occupation june august western caroline islands operations capture occupation southern island september october operation landings october november okinawa operation assault occupation okinawa march june


uss uss ironclad milwaukee class river monitor built united_states_navy american_civil_war ship participated battle mobile bay august lightly damaged forts morgan union troops besieged fortifications defending bay march april supported union forces mobile campaign attacked confederate fortifications defending city mobile alabama placed reserve end war sold new owners converted train ferry renamed ship later converted barge remained use sank 1950s wreck discovered mississippi_river new_orleans plans raise description feet long overall beam feet ship depth hold feet inches draft feet tons displaced long tons crew numbered officers enlisted men ship powered cylinder horizontal non steam engines driving propellers steam generated seven tubular boilers engines designed reach speed knots mph carried long tons coal ship main armament consisted muzzle loading inch guns mounted twin gun turrets unlike sisters turrets designed john gun weighed approximately pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation cylindrical turrets protected layers wrought iron inch plates sides hull consisted layers inch plates backed inches pine deck heavily allow crew shallow draft consisted iron plates inches thick positioned fore turret protected inches armor construction service james awarded contracts milwaukee class ships son louis missouri laid ship navy ship named indian tribe launched february brought mound city illinois ohio river fitting commissioned commissioning patrolled mississippi_river confederate raids months transferred rear admiral david west gulf blockading squadron july sister ship required time refit new_orleans prepare voyage mobile gulf_of_mexico sisters depart new_orleans july voyage mississippi pass forced anchor overnight steering problems ships cross mouth pass evening following day gulf taken tow tennessee voyage gulf ships forced stop ship island engines repaired required day towed monitor rest way lieutenant commander george commander ship intended role battle larger heavily armed monitors manhattan ironclad ram tennessee away vulnerable wooden ships passing fort morgan sink engage fort wooden ships passed monitors form starboard column ships closest fort morgan rear wooden ships formed separate column port eastern channel closest fort morgan free obstacles torpedoes mines called time known present west prominent black channel milwaukee class ships bombarded fort morgan hour half wooden ships passed mouth mobile bay fired rounds fort beginning return fire badly damaged funnel crew forced use coal tar generate steam ship fight engaged tennessee hours later ironclad surrendered confederate ironclad shooting wooden ships time point blank range chaotic melee sides making multiple attempts ram remained tennessee stern engagement fired ranges yards shells penetrated target armor jam shut armored protected aft gun ports including stern gun port claimed ship shot away tennessee exposed steering chains controlled rudder struck times action shot penetrating deck set crew fire sailors chief mate andrew jones master arms james later awarded medal honor actions battle later day ship captured barge guns fort fortification guarding entrance mobile bay north fired shots fort struck hit august ship bombarded fort hours support troops besieging fort beginning august intermittently bombarded fort morgan fort surrendered august august operating north mobile bay engaged ships defending mobile result march april bombarded fortifications battles spanish fort fort ironclad cincinnati overall command captain edward simpson sailed river bluff simpson accepted surrender ironclad nashville baltic morgan river boat black diamond commodore monitor remained vicinity mobile bay july sailed new_orleans post war career heritage arrival new_orleans july decommissioned temporarily bore june august resuming original sold september new_orleans pacific railway company modified ship coal barge railroad converted ship train ferry changed wheel propulsion sold 1940s new_orleans coal converted work barge sank bend mississippi_river new_orleans 1950s wreck discovered section collapsed army corps engineers surveyed area determine best stabilize plans raise wreck corps engineers preserve place


colorado class battleship colorado class battleships group battleships built united_states_navy world war ships completed colorado maryland west_virginia fourth washington completed canceled terms washington naval treaty colorado class ships powerful battleships built navy north_carolina class entered service eve world war final group standard type battleships designed similar speed handling maneuvers line battle south class follow ways departure practice apart upgrade striking power inch guns ships essentially repeats earlier tennessee class american capital ships built turrets twin mounted guns change larger guns prompted japanese class battleships mounted inch guns ships extensive careers world war maryland west_virginia present attack pearl harbor december maryland escaped relatively unscathed west_virginia sunk shallow waters harbor subsequently raised repaired ships served artillery support ships amphibious operations maryland west_virginia present surface action battleships battle battle gulf october ships reserve fleet end war scrapped late 1950s design construction battleships armed inch guns envisioned united_states_navy general board bureau construction repair early upgrade gun caliber promised twice energy inch gun service half inch gun introduced weapon dominated design battleships inch gun dictated designs general board approved inch gun early secretary navy felt new gun caliber capital ships drawing board obsolete reason restricted bureau ordnance proceed new gun foreign developments finally approved construction gun october weapon test fired successfully august success unofficial news naval publications inch weapons adopted britain italy germany japan board considered abandoning construction pennsylvania class favor design meant increase tons ship twice jump debate continued years year president wilson secretary navy daniels potential increase cost ordered instead design features standard class upheld daniels finally compromised design battleships allowing armament upgraded substantial change allowed design colorado class taken preceding tennessee class notable improvement caliber dual turrets taking place tennessee class caliber guns triple gun turrets major difference designs likewise results modifications new_mexico class modern capital ships service world war attracted attention british serving outside similarity carry lexington south classes united_states_navy increasingly standardized capital ship designs partly result wartime experience destroyers submarine built quickly service north_atlantic navy process akin assembly line sticking basic design class maximum naval act meant imminent construction battleships battlecruisers necessary production save time labor battleships standardized possible design improvements incorporated possible changes incorporated prior laid plans underwater protection ships main defense torpedoes shells fell short ship traveled water hit underneath waterline worked time problem tests experiments eventually prove series compartments divided filled liquid left effective defense torpedoes complete order commence construction ships soon possible bids sent corporations noted selected build ships alteration design ships months laid allowed general characteristics extremely similar overall foot overall length beam waterline feet displaced long tons normal load long tons deep load draft feet like designed bow ships rough weather improvement previous classes location secondary battery superstructure upper hull proved excessively wet propulsion turbo electric transmission prior class retained advantages included ability turbines run speed regard propeller speed led greater fuel economy range easier sub division machinery increased ships ability withstand torpedo hits propeller shafts powered electric motor fed phase turbo generators general_electric maryland colorado west_virginia rated volts oil fired water tube boilers individual compartment provided steam generators altogether ships power plant rated electrical horsepower provide flank speed knots mph maximum bunker capacity tons range sea nautical miles armament main guns colorado class armed inch caliber mark guns fired pound armor piercing shell muzzle velocity feet second rate rounds minute range yards maximum turret elevation degrees development weapon begun august bored inch mark gun promise twice muzzle energy inch caliber mark guns percent inch caliber weapon nevada class battleships initial proof firing july minor changes inch mark proved production approved january modernized 1930s guns rebuilt standard navy practice redesignated inch mark mark secondary guns fourteen inch caliber mark guns installed defend enemy destroyers reduced mark fired pound shell velocity feet second maximum range yards degrees rate seven rounds minute extremely accurate danger space longer range target distances yards new_mexico tennessee classes mounted casemates main deck deck higher previous classes allow manned heavy weather necessary mark guns replaced west_virginia sixteen inch caliber mark dual purpose guns twin turrets maryland colorado mark retained augmented mark single protective shields twin turrets planned later installed time short supply mark fired pound shell maximum range yards maximum elevation feet elevation degrees high rate fire hand loaded power rammed capability easy loading angle elevation introduction proximity fused anti aircraft shells potent capacity anti aircraft guns inch caliber guns mounted initially anti aircraft defense increased guns guns fired inch shell muzzle velocity feet second maximum range yards ceiling feet elevation degrees rate rounds minute weapons replaced number inch caliber guns navy gun designed specifically use fired pound shell muzzle velocity feet second rate rounds minute maximum range yards elevation degrees ceiling feet maximum elevation degrees guns supplemented machine guns air defense system ships overhauled completely addition carried sixteen guns mounts thirty cannons single mounts fired pound rate rounds minute barrel nominal rounds minute horizontal gravity assist maximum range yards degrees ceiling feet fired pound shell average muzzle velocity feet second practical rate rounds minute maximum range yards degrees ceiling feet second overhaul defense navy found shells light stop japanese planes plus higher approach speeds planes manually controlled guns obsolete place mounts fitted maryland eventually carried eighteen guns colorado increased kept guns west_virginia carried guns armor underwater protection armor scheme introduced nevada class battleships continued standard type warships armor suite virtually identical preceding tennessee class exception increase belt armor near vital machinery inches correspond increased main gun caliber minimum thickness belt remained inches upper deck armor inches initially later increased inches lower deck armor ranged inches presumably strengthened conversion modernized 1930s improve staying power new underwater protection scheme featured compartments separated armored inches thick ship outer filled inner addition boilers moved location previous designs placed separate spaces port starboard power plant arrangement formed line defense allow ship sail entire boilers consequence chief aesthetic change new single large funnel replaced smaller funnels improvements imported tennessee class included attempt forward torpedo room away inch gun magazines room viewed vulnerable design called use external internal belt armor break continuity structure exist minimize drag water corresponding waste power class history fiscal year bids opened october maryland keel laid april battleships cancellation south class battleships enter service nearly decades final battleships use twin gun turrets north carolinas second south classes inch caliber guns caliber triple turrets inter war modernization plans modernization tennessee colorado classes october advantage washington naval treaty reconstruction treaty allowed increase protection air underwater attack include improvements fire control increased elevation main armament items listed treaty changes inside hull justified meant increase protection outcome meant increased speed longer operational range term specified limit changes outside hull main armor belt thickness main gun caliber modifications secondary battery outside washington treaty included initial plans protection chemical shells contained poisonous gas general board stated late 1920s battleship hit shells possible ship scuttled deck armor bolstered treatment steel add long tons short tons displacement ships armor tops main turrets thicker fire controls improved latest technology new shells main guns designed later caliber machine cannons added machinery place removed favor newer equipment ships lose speed great increase weight installed improve increase ships beams greater feet use panama canal transferring atlantic pacific vice verse improvements estimated cost ship total country great depression money available navy savings realized propulsion machinery replacing lower ships speed adding protection chemical shells dropped development new shells cost saving elements later proposal later dropped navy asked secretary navy request money fiscal year classes congress depression worsened proposals modifications plans hold carried beginning bureau construction repair proposed big fitted anti torpedo ships benefit increased factors normal procedure leaving port maximum fuel possible board ships overweight rode low water example june tennessee normal operating displacement long tons short tons long tons short tons maximum emergency load original design called draft higher meaning ship waterline construction repair called displace long tons short tons raise ships draft installing year worth work ship spending months dry dock month docked hull shape determined sailing built dock added ship years later navy held joint meeting discuss possible partial modernization tennessee colorado different changes proposed provisions extra deck armor additions replacements gain space newer fire control systems ships main secondary battery fire controls replaced including new plotting room instruments main new mark anti aircraft fire control directors planned mainmast machine guns removed studies feasibility torpedo addition construction repair believed paramount increase beam displacement long tons short tons varying plans complete october reconstruction costs ranged ship money improvements available new battleship construction better reconstructed old battleship secretary navy rejected plans november congress appropriate improvements including world war changes beginning world war europe navy began apply lessons learned british ships king board proposed sweeping changes secondary armament battleships increase defense air attacks included removal caliber guns favor dual purpose addition quadruple machine cannons cutting away superstructure clear arcs fire new anti aircraft weapons ultimate secondary battery sixteen dual mounts sixteen quadruple mounts single called board certain ships handle added weight large time dry dock modifications place concerns interim measure guns proposed board gun produced great number quickly second interim solution implemented caliber guns added battleships arizona nevada june replaced battleships atlantic november received closer war zone modifications carried battleships additional weight added overweight ships forcing torpedo added decent maintained cost months dry dock king board suggested deck armor bolstered dual purpose guns added chief naval operations decreed major changes wait wars raging world time addition approved big ship spending months dry dock sound naval yard maryland february followed west_virginia august colorado july october tennessee january april california march june estimates long addition low sound believed complete work maryland calendar days months work given priority equal refit higher new construction ships added program maryland completed august colorado february attack pearl harbor interrupted intended west_virginia surprise strike touch colorado sound hurt maryland badly west_virginia severely damaged needed major refit minimum little major modifications active opening months entry war battleships pacific fleet constant order ready sail hours case japanese attempt invade hawaii west_coast spared major yard work colorado rest refit addition essential items like radar splinter protection light anti aircraft guns maryland received similar treatment later difference tower masts constructed colorado maryland majority old cage masts cut ships crews beginning ships spared time needed install new masts tower masts placed storage early colorado maryland greatly needed war zone undergo major refit minor additions mainly anti aircraft weaponry war ships saw anti aircraft battery changed constantly beginning carried quadruple mounted guns greatly varying number caliber machine guns june colorado fourteen months later thirty temporarily approved later time february colorado maryland added total total month later given additional caliber machine guns november saw removal single purpose small number colorado maryland favor thirty twin ships finally underwent major remaining cage masts taken favor tower masts twin replaced quadruple added new radar fitted extensive proposed admiral king including addition twin advanced fire control systems second protective deck plating bureau ships demonstrating removed compensation weight added king ideas counter proposed smaller reconstruction like ones given new_mexico class desirable action taken maryland struck aircraft undergoing repair twin added conning tower removed replaced special treated steel structure balance additional weight guns ships class uss colorado uss colorado ship united_states_navy named honor 38th state keel laid new_york corporation new_jersey launched march commissioned august captain command career colorado involved ceremonies fleet exercises assisted long beach residents following earthquake ships searched plane went missing colorado sound time attack pearl harbor december returned pearl harbor april november september stationed south west pacific november colorado participated operations japanese gilbert marshall islands campaign islands campaign shelled okinawa advance planned amphibious assaults following world war colorado participated operation magic carpet decommissioned sold scrap uss maryland uss maryland ship united_states_navy named honor seventh state keel laid april newport news company newport news virginia launched march commissioned july captain preston command career goodwill voyage australia new_zealand transported president elect pacific leg tour latin_america 1920s 1930s served fleet readiness training operations maryland changed base operations pearl harbor present battleship row ford island japanese attack pearl harbor december damaged attack maryland reported sound navy yard repaired modernized maryland supported amphibious landings battle participated gilbert marshall islands campaign islands campaign battle philippines campaign battle okinawa following end world war maryland participated operation magic carpet sold scrap uss washington uss washington second ship united_states_navy named honor 42nd state keel laid june new_jersey new_york corporation launched september february days signing washington naval treaty limitation naval armaments construction work ceased completed dreadnought ship towed november gunnery target day testing ship hit pound torpedoes short ton near miss bombs minor damage list degrees day ship pounds tnt detonated board remained afloat days later ship hit fourteen inch shells dropped feet penetrated ship finally sunk battleships new_york texas fourteen shells test decided existing deck armor battleships inadequate future battleships fitted triple bottoms uss west_virginia uss west_virginia second ship united_states_navy named honor 35th state keel laid april newport news drydock company newport news virginia launched november commissioned december captain thomas command despite grounding incident early career west_virginia received high acclaim gunnery armor protection involved exercises test defenses hawaiian islands 1930s morning december west_virginia sustained heavy damage thanks large counter flooding orders battleship sank berth keel similar california resurrected mud west_virginia received sail washington state entered sound naval shipyard repairs modernization july emerged repairs overhaul set rejoin pacific fleet combat operations joined fleet eve philippines campaign participated battle battleship battleship duel world war new fire control radar allowed hit dark yards february west_virginia participated battle initially bombardment later support ground forces island combat operations battle okinawa surrender japan called participate operation magic carpet decommissioned sold scrapping


uss washington uss washington colorado class battleship second ship united_states_navy named honor 42nd state keel laid june new_jersey new_york corporation launched september sponsored miss jean summers daughter congressman john summers washington february days signing washington naval treaty limitation naval armaments construction work ceased sunk gunnery target november battleships new_york texas design washington feet long beam feet draft feet displaced long tons tons ship primary armament consisted inch caliber guns twin gun turrets augmented secondary battery inch caliber guns ship armed inch caliber guns new underwater protection scheme featured compartments separated bulkheads ship outer filled inner addition boilers moved location previous designs placed separate spaces port starboard turbo electric power plant forming line defense ship sail entire boilers battle damage new arrangement forced chief aesthetic change new single large funnel replaced smaller funnels history fiscal year bids opened october maryland keel laid april battleships including washington laid cancellation south class battleships enter service nearly decades final battleships use twin gun turrets north_carolina second south classes caliber guns caliber triple turrets washington laid june february days signing washington naval treaty limitation naval armaments construction work stopped percent completed time underwater armored protection place sinking ship towed november gunnery target day testing ship hit pound torpedoes short tons near miss bombs causing minor damage list pounds tnt detonated board remained afloat days later ship hit fourteen inch shells dropped feet penetrated ship finally sunk texas new_york fourteen inch shells test decided existing deck armor battleships inadequate future battleships fitted triple bottoms underwater armor layers


uss texas uss texas second class battleship built united_states early 1890s american battleship commissioned ship named honor state texas built united_states built reaction acquisition modern armored warships south american countries texas meant incorporate latest developments naval tactics design includes mounting main armament allow maximum end fire heavily armored amidships ensure defensive strength state industry time texas building time lengthy time commissioned date near sister uss maine considered american naval design texas developed reputation ship accidents early career consequently earned nickname old included problems construction grounding newport rhode_island flooding shortly dock new_york_city settled gun deck crew members drowned received significant damage hull drydock raised reputation improved service spanish american war blockaded coast cuba fought battle cuba war texas returned peacetime duty interrupted station ship charleston south_carolina renamed san allow new battleship target ship year sunk shallow water chesapeake_bay gunnery target world war finally demolished remains considered navigational hazard design description background delivery brazilian battleship acquisition armored warships brazil argentina chile shortly afterward alarmed united_states government brazilian navy powerful western hemisphere united_states_navy felt capable defending ports chairman house naval affairs committee congressman characterized situation old navy drawn battle array mid ocean confronted doubtful single vessel bearing american flag port navy advisory board confronted possibility hostile ironclads operating american coast began planning pair ships protect coast fit existing docks shallow draft enable use major american ports bases minimum speed knots mph displace long tons end fire gun turrets sides ship allow fire deck like battleships ship laid traditional cruiser mission battleship substitute overseas deployment armed guns maine armed guns texas navy department conducted international design competition texas winner naval construction armament england winning design placed texas forward turret port aft turret starboard need cross deck fire caused superstructure separated pieces allow gun fire sections superstructure significantly limited gun ability fire opposite beam superstructure restricted gun arc fire furthermore deck superstructure reinforced withstand muzzle blast gun fired demonstrated battle cuba starboard deck damaged years texas complete blast effects end fire considered mounting main guns abandoned european navies texas armament arrangement obsolete new board construction considered thorough design placed texas main guns centerline single turrets twin turret heavy eliminated construction time far advanced plan navy secretary benjamin tracy limited board detail improvements general characteristics texas feet inches long overall beam feet inch maximum draft feet inches displaced long tons load built hull wing compartments machinery spaces centerline longitudinal watertight bulkhead separating engines boilers flooding wing compartments posed grave danger stability double protected hull extended lower edge armor deck metacentric height feet fitted ram bow propulsion texas machinery built richmond locomotive machine works richmond virginia inverted vertical triple expansion steam engines total designed output indicated horsepower engine drove propeller shaft double ended marine boilers provided steam engines working pressure psi kpa cm2 trials reached speed knots mph exceeding contract speed knots mph carried maximum load short tons coal carried electric power provide interior lighting armament texas main armament consisted inch caliber mark guns mounted single mark powered turrets inside armored guns maximum elevation eighty rounds gun carried fired pound shell muzzle velocity range yards maximum elevation fixed outside turrets initially loaded positions dead ahead elevation modified load angles train start spanish american war inch guns mounted casemates hull mounted main deck open pivot positions main deck guns caliber weapons guns caliber guns data lacking probably elevate fired shells weighed pounds muzzle velocity maximum range fired maximum elevation boat armament consisted pounder guns unknown type casemates spaced hull fired shell weighing muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range hotchkiss barrel revolving guns mounted fore aft addition pounder guns mounted fighting fired shell weighing muzzle velocity range rate fire rounds minute texas carried inch torpedo tubes water tube bow stern rear hull originally intended carry small steam torpedo boats pounder gun torpedo tube cancelled poor performance boat built maine armor main waterline belt harvey armor maximum thickness inches tapered inches lower edge feet long covered machinery spaces feet high feet design waterline angled feet end inches provide protection fire sloped downwards meet protective deck inches thick sloped downwards ends ship sloped downwards sides thickness increased inches inch thick diagonal armored citadel gun deck protected turret machinery supports conning tower deck inches thick sides circular turrets inches thick inch thick roofs conning tower inch walls turret electrical leads protected armored tubes lateral hydraulic pipes ran underside gun deck initially unprotected armored tubes installed protect texas refit center ship inch thick increased inches closer sides ship light armor fitted main belt end ship texas highly vulnerable rapid fire guns high explosive shells considered significant threat time texas designed years construction texas authorized congress august start construction delayed nearly months concerns stability general characteristics keel laid june portsmouth virginia norfolk navy yard launched june sponsored miss houston williams granddaughter sam houston commissioned august captain henry glass command service early years new_york navy yard time trials structural flaws came light floors cement near keel cracked floor reinforced angle iron cement repaired raised issues structural integrity board survey january formed evaluate condition suggest improvements board determined strengthening hull needed exact measures taken known cost working days board wished know effect changes draft stability metacentric height texas board received reply february increase displacement long tons draft raise metacentric height ship ran aground near newport rhode_island september operator error combined signal failure blamed officers including future governor guam alfred publicly repairs new_york secured main injection valve starboard engine room broke november water pressure valve allowed compartment flood receiving pipe earlier removed repair leaks watertight doors holes bulkheads electrical cables allowed flooding spread engine boiler rooms coal adjacent magazines shell rooms ship settled water shallow aid salvage efforts 11th water pumped drawing water enter drydock estimated short tons coal removed texas enter drydock repairs texas assigned north_atlantic squadron patrolled eastern united_states february left atlantic brief cruise gulf_coast ports galveston texas new_orleans arrived galveston texas february anchored water local pilot assured captain best berth harbor ship texas length strong tide swung mud bank held able assistance revenue steamer galveston effect late day hauled use port anchor incidents gave reputation ship earned nickname old returned eastern march remained beginning period bow stern torpedo tubes removed june additional sights added turret roofs july august beginning visited key west florida dry route galveston return visit mid february returning atlantic dry march arrived roads march resumed duty north_atlantic squadron spanish american war early spring war united_states spain erupted conditions cuba supposed spanish destruction battleship maine havana harbor february command captain philip texas key west prosecute war battleship arrived cuba flying squadron blockade cuban coast return key west coal texas arrived cuba patrolled port june reconnaissance mission bay support marine landings day texas landed field pieces machine guns request marine expeditionary commander col robert weeks texas patrolled cuba bay june warship joined cruiser bombardment fort south bay ships opened fire ceased fire hour minutes later having reduced fort july steaming cuba spanish fleet admiral attempted escape past american fleet texas took enemy ships fire immediately battleship main battery armored cruisers secondary battery joined iowa gloucester indiana torpedo boat destroyers spanish destroyers fell action quickly beached damaged heavily larger enemy warships succumbed combined fire american fleet turn shore beached texas ships flying squadron annihilated spanish fleet texas lightly damaged battle single high explosive shell hit starboard main deck immediately forward ash fragments shell badly damaged ash destroyed doors air shafts adjacent bulkheads splinters adjacent structure defeat fleet helped seal doom cuba city fell besieging american forces july weeks great american naval victory day surrender spain sought peace good offices french government peace protocol signed washington august american ships began returning home texas arrived new_york july captain philip promoted commodore august late november texas moved south roads arrived december warship resumed peacetime routine patrolling atlantic coast united_states primary field operations centered northeastern coast periodic visits places san_juan puerto_rico havana cuba crew view results ship efforts recent war post war service texas decommissioned lengthy refit november norfolk navy yard commissioned november refit funnel raised furthermore protection ammunition doubled broadside torpedo tubes removed voyage new_orleans louisiana february texas knots mph forced draft armament upgraded exchanged guns powerful caliber weapons pounder guns landed served flagship coast squadron remained assigned commander shifted flag texas briefly decommissioned january september station ship charleston south_carolina lost revolving cannon gun exchange additional pounder guns regarded obsolete relegated use gunnery target allow navy evaluate effects modern shells armored parts ship underwater hits depths effects shock loads pipes etc ship fittings direction shells pointing striking long range evaluation fully fitted items normally allowed removed action items added service station ship removed rigged evaluate effects hits crew uncertain ammunition powder remained board tests preparing texas tests cost san february changed san allow texas assigned battleship sunk shallow water sound chesapeake_bay march gunfire battleship new_hampshire detailed examination afterward noted holes waterline water forward rear compartments generally took motion outside water interior waterline generally demolished target torpedo experiment april october struck naval vessel register cage mast duplicate florida class dreadnoughts built atop san remains tested inch shells fired monitor range yards august mast knocked hits considered fire san gunnery practice world war generally anchor canvas target screen finally deemed threat navigation tons explosives demolish drive hull deep mud january successful remains today gallery awards spanish campaign medal cuban medal


uss uss destroyer brien class destroyer built united_states_navy prior american entry world war ship second navy vessel named honor david navy officer notable leadership battle japan command wyoming laid bath iron works bath maine july launched april ship little feet length feet standard displacement long tons armed inch guns inch torpedo tubes powered pair steam turbines propelled knots june commissioning sailed east_coast caribbean seventeen destroyers sent rescue survivors victims german submarine october carried crewmen sunken dutch cargo ship newport rhode_island united_states entered world war april destroyer squadron sent overseas patrolling irish sea ireland unsuccessful attacks boats rescued survivors ships sunk german craft collision british cargo ship february repair mid july operated brest france returning united_states war conducted operations destroyers atlantic fleet august placed reserve commission brief stint operations mid placed reserve decommissioned philadelphia june transferred united_states_coast_guard help enforce prohibition patrol operated returned navy november dropped free new destroyer known struck naval vessel register july sold scrapping august design construction authorized march fourth ships brien class improved version class destroyers authorized construction vessel awarded bath iron works bath maine laid keel july april launched sponsor miss granddaughter commander david ship namesake ship navy ship named notable leadership battle japan command wyoming built destroyer feet inches length feet inch drew feet inches ship standard displacement long tons displaced long tons fully loaded steam turbines drove screw propellers additional triple expansion steam engine connected propeller shafts cruising purposes oil burning white boilers powered engines generate shaft horsepower moving ship design speed knots acceptance trials averaged knots minute run topped knots nautical mile speed run main battery consisted caliber mark guns gun weighing excess pounds guns fired pound armor piercing projectiles feet second elevation guns range yards equipped inch torpedo tubes general board united_states_navy called anti aircraft guns brien class ships provisions laying floating mines sources unclear recommendations followed ships class early career uss commissioned united_states_navy june boston temporary command lieutenant junior grade john lieutenant commander assumed command july cruise began duty torpedo flotilla atlantic fleet prior america entry world war operated new_york newport rhode_island carried maneuvers tactical exercises east_coast early april destroyer parker temporarily assigned patrol near new_york station concerns field local port collector interned german new_york try slip heavy onboard patrols discovered new_york_times termed widespread conspiracy intended supply british warships outside territorial waters violation american neutrality world war cruised caribbean took fleet war games january addition served intermittently neutrality patrol declared champion vessel navy christian science monitor able steam knots hours position smoke june washington_post reported damaged maneuvers cape ann boston navy yard leak repairs sunday october wireless reports came german submarine stopping ships near eastern end long_island british steamer west_point received rear admiral albert ordered destroyers newport attend survivors according account events levy published october new_york_times destroyer steamed nautical miles distance half hours arriving german submarine stopped holland america line cargo ship british passenger ship rose ships sunk earlier day gave passengers crew aboard adequate time abandon ships sinking torpedoes rose focused attention having signal ask destroyers farther away sink british ship american destroyers witnessed sink liner deck gun total survivors victims rescued destroyer flotilla rescued men returned caribbean exercises months returned new_york newport prepare distant service world war soon united_states declared war germany april departed europe destroyer division sent overseas war steaming division flagship command joseph porter davis departed new_york april arrived ireland began patrolling southern approaches irish sea day patrolled irish coast escorting convoys merchant ships troop transports searching german submarines performing rescue operations ships sunk british ship manchester miller torpedoed sunk june sped assistance rescued survivors september escorted convoy southwest coast england detected surfaced submarine early morning hours gave chase speed boat submerged yards ahead closing destroyer dropped depth charges brought oil slick surface according dictionary american naval fighting ships actions prevented attack convoy resulted probable damage submarine february british cargo ship collided irish sea destroyer way liverpool underwent repairs lasted mid july service transferred brest serve escort convoys approaching french port postwar following signing armistice november ended fighting remained french waters time crewmen aboard helped raise money provide thanksgiving dinner poor children brest november thanksgiving day united_states president wilson arrived brest george_washington weeks later destroyer served transport escort harbor december departed brest december destroyer division reached new_york january resumed duty east_coast provided comprehensive sea support navy undertook historic aerial crossing atlantic completing exercises caribbean placed commission reserve new_york august laid reduced commission philadelphia charleston south_carolina years followed reactivated training new_england waters summer returned philadelphia decommissioned united_states_coast_guard career january prohibition instituted law united_states soon smuggling alcoholic coastlines united_states widespread blatant treasury department eventually determined united_states_coast_guard simply ships constitute successful patrol cope problem president authorized transfer navy coast guard old destroyers reserve commission activated acquired coast guard june designated commissioned joined patrol aid attempt enforce prohibition laws august tampa dispatched locate sink steamer reported abandoned fire atlantic nautical miles east norfolk virginia april coast guard ships deployed search navy crashed atlantic night april later month dispatched help italian steamer requested assistance 23rd recalled rescinded help nearly years coast guard service decommissioned philadelphia returned custody navy june november dropped free new destroyer known ship struck naval vessel register july august sold scrapping accordance london naval treaty limitation naval armaments


west west cargo ship united_states shipping board launched shortly end world war ship inspected united_states_navy possible use uss west taken navy commissioned west built west ships series steel cargo ships built west_coast united_states world war war effort 24th ship built northwest steel portland oregon completed late conflict operated number years merchant ship sailing african ports american west african line november west american merchant ship armed prior united_states entry world war shortly entry conflict employed soviet_union march return sailed mainly united_states united_kingdom ports civilian aboard west convicted trying rebellion members ship crew naval armed guard february sailed united_states final time scuttled june utah beach normandy invasion earning battle star ship design construction west ships cargo ships similar size design built shipyards west_coast united_states united_states shipping board emergency use world war given names began word west like west west ships built northwest steel portland oregon west northwest steel yard number hull number launched february completed west gross register tons grt feet inches long perpendiculars feet inches steel hull sources west hull characteristics west sister ship built northwest steel displacement mean draft feet inch hold feet inches deep west power plant consisted single steam turbine drove single screw propeller moved ship knots early career west inspected united_states_navy completion possible use assigned identification number commissioned known uss west navy took ship commissioned information west early career incomplete end cargo ship sailed new_york glasgow route early west sailing owned american west african line principal ports visited american west african ships news items reported west visited las grand saint vincent west african routes late began accepting bids purchase american west african line little known west activities point period laid reserve fleet remained late ownership united_states maritime commission successor ship reactivated scheduled sail red_sea service operation american export lines red_sea service ships carry british red_sea gulf ports carry strategic materials needed united_states return journeys world war amendments neutrality acts late allowed united_states merchant ships armed service atlantic west vessel equipped large deck gun anti aircraft gun installed workers drydock new_jersey late november navy officials citing secrecy concerns reveal size gun allowed bore inches shipyard west radio reinforced thick walls concrete protect machine gun bullets ship battleship gray guns installed west way sydney nova_scotia december sailed convoy destination set west convoy headed iceland anchor iceland west experienced winter storm january january storm packing winds knots gusts knots drove west uss damaging heavy cruiser apparently suffering major damage collision west joined arctic convoy sailed february arrived days later convoy arrived destination danger german attack present nearest german airfield miles away minutes flying time gave advance warning air raids german dive bombers soviet anti aircraft fire drop fly away despite fact limited port facilities typically slow unloading cargo requiring ships remain port weeks months west ready sail convoy march returning march sailed halifax days later arrived april west way roads virginia sailed key west florida june arrival key west began month journey alexandria cairo ports extended voyage crewmen entered west fuel tanks clean ship september crewmen use gas masks soon overcome second mate norwegian tanker entered tank removed men west men survived despite hours attempts revive efforts received pair president franklin roosevelt gold watch ship owners awarded medal oak branch medal awarded personal courage bravery norwegian government february west completed month journey arrived mobile alabama sailing bay cuba key west chicago daily reported voyage james crew head naval armed guard detachment aboard west reported activities comments crew members ship ship docked mobile removed ship ultimately faced trial deck manager national maritime union congress industrial organizations convicted sentenced prison term years late march west began boston liverpool round trips halifax liverpool leg trip unspecified problem required return halifax minor problem sailed liverpool week later cargo ship returned boston june began second voyage liverpool june called july august september return boston journey extended began sailing boston october arrived liverpool weeks later seven weeks way haven began westbound crossing december west arrived boston january final voyage west selected allied invasion france planning stages specific modifications performed west revealed sources modifications ships appear november christian science monitor reported dispatched boston like west loaded tons sand cement rigged explosive charges departing port existing weapons moved higher ship supplemented additional guns account chief engineer aboard west dispatched boston mentions transverse bulkheads aboard ship cut open facilitate sinking west departed boston february arrived halifax days later departing port february sailed convoy arrived haven march departed portsmouth day west whereabouts movements early june recorded ships selected assembled fleet clear west fleet group ships intended sunk form shallow water artificial landing craft reports ship crews told mission anchored permitted leave ships convoys consisting author called north_atlantic shipping pool departed reached normandy day shortly day landings reports ships traveled cover darkness stripped unnecessary equipment carried radios having signal lamp spare communication designated location ships position scuttled days heavy german artillery fire naval armed manned guns ships protect frequent german air attacks west gunners assisted shooting planes june harbor pilots half new_york bar pilots association according source carefully positioned ships west west ships sunk utah beach went june sunk west continued serve platform manned navy gun crews june army crews date west naval gunners awarded battle star participation normandy landings


uss concord uss concord member class steel twin screw united_states_navy late 19th early 20th centuries second navy ship named honor town concord massachusetts site battle concord american revolutionary war contract build concord awarded philadelphia fiscal year hull delaware river iron engine works laid keel concord launched march feet long feet displaced long tons equipped steam engines supplemented schooner rigged masts ship main battery consisted inch guns augmented assortment smaller caliber guns commissioning concord spent years sailing east_coast west_indies gulf_of_mexico concord cruised station interrupted short stint sealing patrol began year commission san_francisco january concord returned station joined admiral george fleet battle manila bay decisive american victory spanish fleet spanish american war battle concord supported united_states_army operations philippines philippine american war rest active career concord patrolled mexican coasts served patrol decommissioned served barracks ship ship oregon public health service time returned navy sold design construction class unofficially considered class cruisers product united_states_navy design attempt produce compact ships good sea keeping abilities able carry heavy battery concord authorized fiscal year contract construction awarded chester pennsylvania hull concord delaware river iron engine works built navy bureau construction repair design mechanical design patterned layout older sister ship developed william sons concord keel laid ship launched march sponsored daughter major joseph mayor chester attendance launch ceremony sculptor daniel chester french layout built concord feet inches length feet steel hull average draft feet expected ability escape larger ships shallow water waterline deck steel formed watertight seal lower spaces deck crown level waterline curved downwards feet waterline sides ship armored deck compartments separated watertight bulkheads spaces equipped watertight doors intended closed battle armored deck concord forecastle decks open gun deck spanned length ship conning tower located forward forecastle deck oval shaped shot outfitted steam powered steering wheel telegraph speaking tubes protected inches steel armor plate propulsion concord powered triple expansion steam engines drove pair foot bladed screw propellers cylinders engine inches diameter inch stroke engine rated indicated horsepower designed ship knots ship exceeded trials engines situated separate watertight compartments fed pair coal fired boilers boiler horizontally mounted feet inches diameter feet inches length total area square inches cm2 concord coal carry long tons fuel shielded shot shell near speed knots ship cover nautical miles days economical speed knots cruise nautical miles days supplement steam power plant concord built masts schooner rigged total sail area square feet steam sail combination expected allow concord remain sea months time wartime armament concord main battery consisted inch caliber mark guns gun weighing excess pounds mounted forecastle deck deck pair amidships gun deck guns gun deck mounted feet waterline feet guns fired pound armor piercing projectiles charge weighing pounds feet second elevation guns range yards gun shielded steel plating inches thick concord secondary battery consisted pounder guns pounder guns pounder guns based designs french arms company hotchkiss according bureau ordnance publication armor piercing round fired pounder gun penetrate inches armor distance yards career uss concord commissioned february command commander concord operated coast new_england sailed new_york_city november cruise west_indies south_america squadron arrived new_orleans louisiana april cruised mississippi_river far cairo illinois visiting ports route returning new_york june concord cruise west_indies late year arrived norfolk virginia december participated international naval review held norfolk new_york march april june sailed norfolk far_east calling azores gibraltar malta port said arriving hong_kong october cruised station arrived cruised sealing patrol north pacific carry provisions treaty united_states united_kingdom empowered concord seize vessel violating laws protecting valuable fur seals gathered information correct sea charts conduct scientific observations fur seals concord returned station september continued serve far_east returning san_francisco placed commission repairs cruise waters july november sailed mare island january station declaration war spain united_states april concord joined admiral george squadron bay near hong_kong 24th sailed philippines concord participated battle manila bay resulted american control philippines concord resumed patrol station august returned philippines december assist putting insurrection duty consisted patrolling coast restrict movements shipping bombarding strongholds aiding united_states_army operations voyage guam march deliver stores brief voyage hong_kong repairs concord remained philippine waters june sailed way waters san_francisco arriving september cruised fleet mexican waters went commission february mare island recommissioned june concord operated north american coast alaska panama hawaii alaska decommissioned washington august concord commissioned september sailed december operations philippines remaining march concord sailed china remained far_east serving times patrol station ship shanghai concord served station ship guam january september sailed sound navy yard arrived october decommissioned final time november assigned barracks ship washington naval militia seattle transferred public health service treasury department june served stationary barge oregon returned naval custody march sold june august concord inch guns placed war garden woodland park seattle seattle times august stated inch guns united_states cruiser concord saw active service battle manila yesterday afternoon brought seattle direction united spanish war veterans mounted woodland park near future quick chairman board managers united spanish war veterans club seattle yesterday signed government property valued gives local veterans practical possession pieces guns mounted known battery guns today near woodland park zoo ridge neighborhood seattle