republic republic dutch french successor republic seven united netherlands proclaimed january ended june accession louis throne holland early intervention french revolutionary forces led downfall old dutch republic new republic enjoyed widespread support dutch population product genuine popular revolution clearly founded armed support revolutionary french republic republic client state sister later french empire napoleon politics deeply influenced french supported fewer état bring different political factions power france favored different moments political development process creating written dutch constitution mainly driven internal political factors french influence napoleon forced dutch government accept brother monarch political economic social reforms brought relatively short duration republic lasting impact structure old dutch republic permanently replaced state time dutch history constitution adopted genuinely democratic character republic governed coup état authoritarian regime power change constitution memory brief experiment democracy helped smooth transition democratic government constitutional revision limiting power king type ministerial government introduced time dutch history current government departments date history period republic client state successive governments tried best maintain independence serve dutch interests clashed french perceived led eventual demise republic short lived experiment authoritarian regime grand jan produced insufficient eyes napoleon new king louis napoleon brother surprisingly follow french leading downfall background final days intermittent constitutional monarchy republic dutch republic governed netherlands late 16th century fourth anglo dutch war fought sea went poorly lost plantation colonies dutch patriot party revolted authoritarian regime william quickly struck intervention william brother law frederick william prussia june patriots went exile france holland strengthened grip dutch government chiefly grand van years later french revolution began embraced political ideas patriots espoused revolt patriots enthusiastically supported revolution french revolutionary armies started spread revolution patriots joined hoping liberate country authoritarian joined ill fated coalition countries attempt subdue suddenly anti austrian french republic creation republic war proceeded forces severe winter french army general charles dutch contingent general crossed great frozen rivers traditionally protected netherlands invasion aided fact substantial proportion dutch population looked favorably french considered liberation french quickly able break resistance forces austrian british allies cities revolution broke french arrived revolutionary committees took city governments national government william forced flee england fishing boat january stages history new republic french presented behaved like negotiations representatives new republic refers tribe dutch lore represented ancestry ancient quest liberty french republic harsh treaty concluded apart imposing territorial concessions huge dutch maintain french army occupation men changed dutch republic client state england prussia french henceforth conduct foreign military policy dictated france predecessor followed british offensive defensive alliance treaty economic policies effect interests france mean lost independence respects program reform dutch revolutionaries attempted place constrained political realities french revolution progress driven indigenous needs aspirations political events netherlands mainly derived dutch initiative notable exceptions french responsible état french ambassador acted revolutionary states general revolutionaries constitutional machinery old republic resumed left purge patriot taking offices turn political states general changed change personnel retained number defenders old interests order business revolutionaries reform state discrimination lands particular minorities catholics jews direction state minorities old entrenched interests superseded democratic political order step representatives admitted states general grass roots democratic movement began form summer consisting popular societies clubs meetings demanding popular influence government kind parallel government form general assemblies sprang city governments provincial states repeatedly came conflict established order fall states general started work procedure peacefully replace constitutional means national assembly possess executive legislative constituent powers project met sharp resistance conservatives cases force overcome opposition new national assembly convened march struggle constitution like old revolutionary states general new national assembly contained radically opposed parties democrats led jacob mist van broad opinion poles force field held upper hand sudden demise acted conservative adept parliamentary jan proved especially adept frustration democrats led appeal popular opinion extra parliamentary action assembly installed constitutional commission november presented report amounted continuation old federal arrangements totally unacceptable draft subsequently amended opposite compromise finally formed basis new constitution assembly started discussion important matters like separation church state emancipation minorities organs state legislative corps elected indirect elections like executive members end result looked like french constitution approved assembly draft constitution subjected referendum august lively campaign french ambassador weighed supportive appeal probably contributed defeat proposal votes assembly square moment time foreign events form coup general intervened brought radical faction power france proved ultimately patient dutch political process prone intervene elections second national assembly returned balance power shifted fall managed retain control new constitutional commission bare majority led assembly came proposal form declaration december containing point manifesto concerning minimum conditions new constitution conform course events started speed new french ambassador charles took behavior sufficiently intimidated opponents radical proposals actually fall line coup follow reality led secretary french ambassador started plot coup état january assistance general power assembly declared fell enacted entire radical program members assembly forcibly detained provincial repealed members assembly expelled interim executive empowered constitutional commission reduced seven radical members resulting constitution depicted pre french project actually result constitutional commission discussions october january purge electoral rolls acceptable need january coup case suggestions rejected constitutional commission insisted following essential points universal suffrage fiscal qualifications right revision constitution intervals voters finally rejection principle legislature house separate electoral base new constitution addressed concerns patriots hereditary offices officials came economic opposed economic debate raging republican circles promised away internal trade old provincial system public finance replaced system national taxation man collective executive national government ministers actual administration work foreign affairs police interior justice finance war navy national education national economy importantly british historian simon states central aim change nature dutch state new institutions framework electoral democracy importance republic set ideal emulate successor states coup january genuinely democratic approval process new constitution french preferred going safe way approval assembly started march usual form elections primary assemblies voters reasonably democratic quality april approved votes people voted approval voted rejection previous draft electorate voted new regime grounded new doctrine popular sovereignty success started bounds legitimacy way seized power lost support assembly wishing repeat mistakes french moved popular political clubs formed political base enthusiastic supporters hand behest moved counter revolutionaries having commissions removing people electoral rolls legitimacy regime moderate patriots final blow new regime promise elect entirely new representative assembly coup état coup france undermined inspired sympathy french foreign minister dutch opposition members demanded ambassador recall time regime helped power commissions french colleague general displeased conflicts dominion finally newly appointed disturbed came june general disturbed dinner party members violating diplomatic immunity ambassador putting pistols chest members representative assembly arrested session fall opened way actual implementation new constitution interim came power consisting organizing elections representative assembly convened july middle august new appointed coup resumed original positions new regime started implement policies radical predecessors written constitution coup june revolution brought change personnel soon people arrested january june released spirit reconciliation new regime advocated representative assembly closely resembled second national assembly new regime soon discover changes don easily come legislative constitution worked adequately experiment indirect democracy period constitution force system primary assemblies elected delegates voted respective organs government worked efficiently kept voters engaged exactly republic genuine democracy goals regime easy attain elections people office opposed state constitution innovations entailed case conservative applied constitution contained age requirement members favored election patriot talented young turks appointed agents like jan jan alexander tenor conservative ensuing years agents went work started onslaught old administrative organization country deliberate attempt identity old federal structure mighty province holland carved pieces amsterdam immediate vicinity northern peninsula southern provinces merged larger entities like department aim organize country units equal numbers primary assemblies small department large population elections administrative organs new entities held march course reorganization suddenly change old people living areas case new local elected supposed execute policies centrally laid national government elections people power represented old order like joan van unlikely differently political effort attain national unity reconciliation diverse patriot factions stripes got way effort create efficient national state envisioned public finance reform state end means higher ends republic dire financial straits revolution system public finance world golden age enabling throw far weight world politics peace neck public debt province holland reached million debt million debts smaller provinces cities came debt service holland year required million exceeded regular tax revenue public debt held dutch private citizens sense merely internal money circuit dutch economy concentrated hands class debt serviced mainly taxes weighed working population importantly taxes levied individual provinces serviced debt paid according schedule changed attempts reform structure 18th century mainly fruitless situation old republic maintained policy severe century especially defense large explains military political role declined fourth anglo dutch war policy succeeded bringing level debt war brought large public debt province holland issued million new bonds total debt stood million added debts united east india company sister dutch total million provinces owed million grand total beginning republic came million imposed debt service million annually treaty immediately added million total maintenance french army occupation added million annually funding requirements republic added million annually public debt stood billion average ordinary revenue republic time amounted million outbreak war expenditure running millions year republic find million expenditures words new agent finance faced financial emergency needed generate million annually ordinary revenue permanent basis dutch tax system heavily highly indirect taxes impoverished population wanted change system depended direct income wealth taxes finally wanted away provincial taxation construct nationally standardized system reform proposals representative assembly september met massive resistance led delay acceptance time implemented state new regime underway eventually reforms implemented successor state kingdom holland important examples instances good intentions met political economic realities times necessary reforms abolition reform system poor relief mention examples equally came defeats progressively led population regime awkward position brushed tar french sister republic mainly viewed republic milk cow collectively demands loans low interest rates individually demands french officials bribes anglo russian invasion popularity republic escape attention british intelligence services intelligence filtered eyes agents republic england erroneously interpreted possible support restoration caused led ill fated anglo russian invasion peninsula north holland expedition ended failure members nervous days battle bergen agent foreign affairs van der goes favor republic french chose moment secretly approach king prussia scheme hereditary prince kind constitutional monarch constitution model american constitution republic revert traditional neutrality britain occupy north holland france rejected caused lot embarrassment relations french time napoleon performed coup establishing french franco relations entered new era peace pressure constitutional reform napoleon reputation policies years consul aimed restoring peace europe terms favorable france members second coalition french revolution ideas consequences time napoleon convinced napoleon saw possibility compromise france retain chain client states revolutionary sting removed allies assured designed eliminate domestic conflict new french political order flashes nationalism france embarked program constitutional reform dependent republic napoleon imposed constitution followed second constitution year later restoring old order similar solution appropriate republic government constitution particularly disliked consul friend democracy case amsterdam gave request big loan usual generous rate interest french expected matter right blamed like boycott british goods remedy new constitution political principles union authority political office men ability social station needed new french ambassador charles louis sent man job minds like receptive need change stalemate elected caused certain democratic politics convinced alliance forming like finally push reforms means necessary people wished restore old federal order hands old regent class director particular project extend executive power assembly revert constitution federal help started push project constitutional reform followed french constitution year viii important respects legislature appointed national college akin french senate list names produced convoluted system national elections met little enthusiasm directors jean van representative assembly rejected project june votes coup majority particular amended project sense gave emphasis convened primary assemblies proclamation september referendum new draft constitution assembly ruled proclamation illegal september general coup commander chief french forces netherlands routinely closed doors assembly previous arrangement september arrested directors despite military campaign took place atmosphere political freedom france result great enthusiasm new constitution votes counted october voters voted favor directors hand unfortunately familiar dutch constitutional politics successor states counted unlike coup june coup present sharp break recent past new constitution reduced role legislative branch right initiative expanded powers executive known regency state principle reduced originally consisting directors taking coup expanded membership executive appointed members legislature arose filled far possible provincial according national representatives province like old states general holland old provinces local provincial administrative organs continued elected longer universal suffrage system census suffrage important change personnel organs consequence electoral change democrats replaced patriot patience democracy old disguise allegiance early convenient amnesty proclaimed surprising example van notorious sum coup represented counter revolution clear way revolution disappeared liberty equality fraternity adorned official publications henceforth removed liberty trees removed town squares soon good old days restored equally abolition formally remained practice regulation crafts trades local officially republic commonwealth peace negotiations background negotiations treaty started october minor participants negotiations great_britain france republic spain immediately presented preliminary agreement ceded ceylon guaranteed free english shipping cape good hope dutch consulted dutch ambassador france acted dutch protested treaty guaranteed dutch colonies france promised separate peace separate peace concluded british left negotiate minor french allies separately mean dutch completely left devices french interests danger france decisively intervened behalf attempt value dutch fleet surrendered british purchased prince orange important negotiations consequence peace treaty republic received international recognition british government old dutch republic dead end heirs important note dubious begin sovereign power netherlands despite foreigners thought country needed head state instead appointed provincial states captain general admiral general union originally level revolution office revamped hereditary prussian intervention powers formally states general sovereign merely servant british entertained certain fantasies formal status suited purposes example letters persuaded write governors dutch colonies capacity captain general february ordering immediately surrender colonies british preservation example acceptance surrender fleet sovereign prince believe ended peace revived prince reason feel large estates netherlands loss hereditary offices entailed loss income according calculations amounted million refused pay sum point blank peace treaty specifically dutch paying instead arrangement french british champions matter reached return dropping claims william compensated domains abbey nassau orange short interlude peace treaty restored colonies lost british ceylon including cape colony attempts council replaced reform management colonies urgent van commissioned write proposal met considerable enthusiasm progressive elements council like samuel proposed abolish permit private trade permit native subjects private property substitute land regulated land tax abolition rights colonies met overwhelming resistance interests new charter colonies proposals democrats council favor like van case republic enjoy possession colonies long resumption hostilities returned colonies cases soon british java held till potentially important consequence peace number provisions treaty peace like reduction french army occupation operational consul proved reluctant reduce numbers french troops return port good dutch pointed needed troops restored colonies protection french troops considered necessary hand departure french troops point british allow netherlands dominated hostile power republic incapable defending neutrality dilemma coming years real advantages peace came economic field open economy republic needed trade heavily dependent exports agricultural products british markets services sector especially large merchant fleet banking sector industry remained century confronted foreign dependent exports sectors suffered enormously war british blockade french british brought marine trade commercial treaty france ended french discrimination dutch trade industrial goods proved true trade shifted flags convenience especially european like prussia peace resurgence dutch carrying trade fully changes proved like shift trade patterns german ports decline fisheries invasion preparations economic warfare case peace turned short duration slightly year peace war resumed napoleon intent destruction great_britain culminating ambitious planned invasion republic play major supporting role franco alliance embodiment forced convention bringing total french forces netherlands addition troops proposed overseas expedition importantly dutch supply december ships line frigates gun boats flat transport craft capable holding men total dutch meant provide transport men horses major napoleon invasion dutch expense fantasy napoleon diminish real burden imposed finances republic economy real burden economic warfare napoleon launched british answered british counter boycott continental system written law started somewhat choke dutch trade ostensibly prohibiting import enemy goods july later banned cheese exports butter gestures little practical effect volume general exports britain nearly equal year peace british goods reached dutch destinations neutral german ports disguised american cargo republic important europe undermined economic sanctions britain members friends clandestine trade directly patience french wearing thin matters came head french commander republic ordered november french naval patrols customs officials responsibility surveillance dutch ports powers reference dutch authorities straw november forbade official orders french grand end republic act defiance sealed fate regimes napoleon long dissatisfied viewed foot dragging dutch matter fact spring informal talks way envoy paris good personal napoleon emperor power republic played important role leader opposition revolutionary states general assembly opponent politically survived served ambassador france negotiations napoleon saw person clean stables dutch client state saw light long vision national netherlands conservative circles power base convinced character napoleon indicated preferred centralized organization dutch state model clearly worked implement project new constitution constructed summer consultation matter fact delegation consisting members regency van der goes agent van director presented case draft napoleon november clash french customs men took place later month napoleon came decision soon republic new constitution government inaugurated grand republic title clearly chosen sentimental reasons little connection office states holland matter fact new office resembled william possessed powers man executive way man legislative corps powers apart conducted business assisted resembled french état old van state state resembled course important change constitution receive popular duly organized yes votes electorate counted established tradition despite regime actually accomplished short existence previous regimes accomplished years course mainly preparatory work agents like national economy van der palm national education general taxation plan finally enacted june government approved attempt unification dutch spelling department agriculture department formed later government departments started regulation drugs school law organized national system public elementary education importantly local government law july founded dutch system public administration french reaction reforms mixed zeal program nationalism work french interests battle clear projected invasion scrapped dutch began economies form return flotilla annoyed napoleon use man led flotilla secretary navy emperor engaged secret correspondence napoleon concluded peace busy dividing europe client kingdoms relatives saw good candidate position netherlands brother louis started french patrons feeding negative information found way french press position weakened fact slowly going blind dutch state read writing wall faced choice complete national identity form annexation empire lesser evil new kingdom napoleon relatives grand commission formed conduct unequal negotiations emperor refused speak commission communicated drafted treaty contained conditions crown holland offered louis union crowns conscription possible commercial treaty france basic freedoms netherlands linguistic religious judicial maintained civil list fixed modest sum million constitution actually maintained minor alterations title changed king size legislative corps nearly doubled commission allowed refer ditch attempt treaty referred ignored resigned june day cloud napoleon kept waiting received turkish ambassador commissioners presented petition louis accept crown holland napoleon looked aftermath kingdom holland lasted years louis performed role expectations best defend interests subjects exactly reason napoleon decided netherlands longer denied reunited empire objections louis louis july favor son napoleon louis reigned days netherlands finally reunited origins deposits french rivers country view napoleon consists reunion effects disastrous french invasion russia battle leipzig empire melted away independent netherlands took shape city retreating french army occupation evacuated course ensuing political vacuum led van invited hereditary prince old died assume power sovereign prince william orange landed november duly established control netherlands offered crown combined area provinces netherlands modern belgium netherlands allies secret london protocol known articles london june accepted exactly month later march united_kingdom netherlands proclaimed note according british historian simon republic treated historians end nazi occupation netherlands world war saw historical parallel dutch national socialist movement patriot revolutionaries pictured william heroic role queen government exile dutch historian opposed comparisons parallel time bad press dutch history writing explained fact ages old ideological struggle oriented party successive opponents republican bent going conflict van prince patriots latest incarnation standard works 19th century dutch historians like van saw plenty popular sovereignty philosophy patriot turn influential way john depicted old dutch republic american audience deal explicitly republic way collaborator william dismissed patriots speaks republic kingdom holland provinces french empire french occupation virtually french conquest little permanent influence dutch history character characteristics current centralized state kingdom netherlands accomplishments republic liberal constitution constitution restored central democratic guise constitutional monarchy author acknowledged


clan clan known clan highland scottish clan historically centred lands west_coast scotland clan claims descent lived 13th century left countryside controlled places castle bay tradition gives descent irish prince dynasty son son king died clan associated clans clan clan clan claim descent left ireland 11th century descent clan claims descent legendary high king ireland lived mid 4th century early 5th century clan took loyal supporters stuart kings scotland seventeenth chief clan killed battle following defeat government warship said damaged clan seat old castle today clan alive lives clan society trust trust registered scottish charitable organisation takes donations preserve heritage clan clan society consists branches world including australia britain ireland canada new_zealand united_states_of_america history origins clan claims descent lived shores 13th century belonged family originally emigrated ireland scotland 11th century family son king north ireland said married king scots gained lands campaigning wrote likely married daughter local king sub king marriage descendants gained control lands scottish clans claim descent including clan clan clan irish clan left scotland returned ireland 14th century leaders early history witness charter granted ancestor clan documentary evidence clan ownership lands recorded received charter lands john king scots according historian appears rolls scotland signed allegiance edward england period writing anglo french documents difficulty rendered form familiar unnoticed historians clan figures roll perth received charter robert scotland lands appears list scottish sat parliament king scots sixteen scottish signed letter philip france king france asked scottish assistance crusade forming scots answering war england hands appears seal letter actual seal attached tag lost granted shillings sterling preaching glasgow sum paid near castle dead succeeded patrick brother patrick married daughter james steward scotland son later succeeded lord witnessed charter son castle like ancestor granted preaching glasgow shillings year home castle tradition thought date era tradition campbell attend lay neighbour head grave tradition thought originate said heads families went war engaged lay family burying place fall battle late 15th century onwards witnessed bond stewart campbell 1st earl died son alternately married daughter chief clan succeeded son later forcibly ejected lands chief summoned council ruled claimed lands maternal grandfather chief clan heir heir died succeeded second son chief clan appears roll names highlands isles land broken men daughters turn succeeded nephew brothers long assuming forced resign lands chief murder robert led clan campbell 7th earl campaign sir james rebellion succeeded son fifteenth chief clan lands erected charles_ii england called centred castle day chief clan styled baron loyal said present battle rising signed address welcome old rightful king james viii stuart landing scotland brown history wrote chief appeared earl colonel army act said campbell followed like years shot dead seventeenth chief clan played rising lost life leading clan battle lord president duncan forbes estimated force time men john letter robert forbes wrote following defeat government ship sailed shelled castle forcing chief family abandon residence edinburgh colours burned orders duke cumberland assumed chiefs lands support young cause ruled killed chief campbell 3rd duke helped crush forces aided son deceased chief helped saved lands february received charter lands duke considerably unpopular decision time estates surveyed found modern clan early 19th century new castle built chiefs clan remains seat clan day male line chiefs clan john died succeeded daughter fourth chief clan clan society formed death succeeded eldest son john chief clan 25th baron member standing council scottish chiefs today clan alive lives clan society trust clan society consists branches world including australia britain ireland canada new_zealand united_states_of_america trust registered scottish charitable organisation takes donations preserve heritage clan trust historic scotland heritage lottery fund helped raise preservation chapel traditional burying place chiefs project completed memorial fourth chief present chief mother funding historic scotland heritage lottery fund approved conservation old castle construction new river work began spring erection west corner old castle plan develop site enjoyment visitors improved pathways nature trail information points heritage area castle old castle lies eastern shore near newton castle dates 15th century lies feet north south feet east west highest point feet high late 18th century oversaw construction new castle mansion stands minute walk away old castle new house built queen anne style later end 19th century transformed scottish house stands today building acres km2 estate divided chief residing second available rent clan profile clan chief current chief clan john chief clan 25th baron chief seat new castle origin clan claims eponymous ancestor surname form mac form personal meaning stranger originally term describe scandinavia composed elements meaning lake meaning land clan symbolism members scottish clans allegiance clan chief wearing crest usually worn crest usually chief crest surrounded chief motto slogan crest badge members clan contains latin motto translates strong faithful crest badge crest visible leaves castle set rock proper clan symbol clan member affiliation clan badge plant badge consisting particular plant said original means identification scottish clans clan clan attributed include mountain ash lesser clans attributed pipe tunes clan pipe music translation praise mary


history roman constitution history roman constitution study ancient rome traces progression roman political development founding city rome collapse western roman empire constitution roman kingdom sovereign power king rome king rudimentary checks authority took form board elders roman senate popular assembly assembly arrangement similar constitutional arrangements found contemporary greek city states athens greek constitutional principles probably came rome greek colonies southern italy roman kingdom overthrown according legend place roman republic founded constitutional history roman republic divided phases phase began revolution roman kingdom final phase ended revolution roman republic created roman empire history republic constitutional evolution driven struggle aristocracy ordinary citizens approximately centuries founding republic attained theory equality practice plight average remained unchanged set stage civil wars 1st century rome transformation formal empire general won civil war roman republic master state years set reform roman constitution found ultimate consequence reforms abolition republic founding roman empire given roman senate known history roman emperor reforms time drastic constitution reorganization revolutionary ultimate result ended control entire constitution set stage outright monarchy roman emperor abolished new system dominate established system survived ultimate fall eastern roman byzantine empire kingdom period kingdom divided based legends handed principally book city having founded simply history rome specific legends probably true likely based historical fact likely founding republic rome actually ruled succession kings legendary saw reigns legendary kings time political foundations city laid city grew increasingly organized religious institutions established senate assemblies evolved formal institutions early romans divided ethnic groups families belonged ethnic groups original families attempt add level organization city families divided units called vehicle early romans expressed democratic known committee assembly principle assemblies formed known assembly assembly assemblies designed mirror ethnic divisions city assemblies organized vehicle early romans expressed aristocratic council town elders roman senate elders council known fathers known history roman senators demos people elders eventually recognized need single political leader elected leader roman king demos elected elders advised second saw reigns legendary kings second significant degree territorial expansion occurred period regardless true legends likely legends suggest series conquests occur late monarchy result conquests necessary determine conquered people individuals towns conquered remained towns individuals came rome acquire legal economic standing newcomers adopted condition family king eventually individuals king released state rome grew needed soldiers continue conquests released released occurred longer required serve army lost political economic standing bring new army forced concessions known exactly concessions fact granted political power set stage history knows conflict orders reign kings distinct kings kings elected reigns final kings monarchy hereditary senate king breach senate sovereignty probably led senate overthrow king king sought support doubt exhausted continued military service forced labor construction public works probably lack political power come aide king senate republic monarchy overthrown roman republic founded people rome began year year hill demanded right elect officials duly ended called new officials gave assistants called senate tables centerpiece roman constitution office censor created allowed stand opening class opened censorship dictatorship effort influence offices new offices created offices open generation open beginning year senators began grow closer senate began giving power began feel senate senators grew closer senators began routinely secure office members families year council popular assembly enacted significant law law transferred power appoint new senators law required appoint newly elected magistrate senate probably resulted significant increase number senators senate helped facilitate creation new aristocracy new aristocracy soon merged old aristocracy creating combined aristocracy old aristocracy existed force law allowed stand high office new aristocracy existed organization society order overthrown revolution hill end law law passed ended requirement senators consent bill brought council vote ultimate significance law fact robbed final weapon result ultimate control state fell shoulders democracy shoulders new aristocracy middle second century economic situation average declined significantly farmers soon masses unemployed began flooding rome ranks legislative assemblies economic status usually led vote candidate offered new culture emerging look populist leader relief aristocratic senator named elected consul soon left war east revoked command war brought army italy marched rome secured city left east returned rome captured city second time dictator status dictator pass series constitutional reforms intended strengthen senate resigned dictatorship dead thought firmly established aristocratic rule career illustrated fatal weakness constitution army senate dictated fortunes state generals marcus elected consul quickly dismantled constitution returned rome battle east soon entered agreement established private agreement known agreement arrangements ratified promised future promised governorship modern france immediately violence began sweeping city killed january senate passed resolution declared lay arms july year considered enemy republic response quickly crossed veteran army marched rome rapid advance forced senate abandon rome greece allowed enter city unopposed having defeated major enemies wanted ensure control government undisputed assumed powers increasing authority decreasing authority rome political institutions held office roman dictator alternated chief effect military governorship given powers person gave power veto senate allowed dominate legislative process assassinated mark formed alliance adopted son great nephew marcus formed alliance known second held powers nearly identical powers held constitution conspirators assassinated defeated battle peace resulted temporary fought battle defeated committed suicide returned rome master state reign history remembers roman emperor marked dividing line roman republic roman empire time process complete rome completed transition city state network capital empire empire returned rome years defeating mark remained oppose decades war taken terrible toll people rome political situation unstable constant threat renewed warfare arrival caused wave optimism italy soon arrived began addressing problems rome popularity soon reached new heights ultimately gave support needed implement reforms deposed mark resigned position probably powers similar given wanted status master state avoid fate adopted father january transferred control state senate people rome senate people rome willing accept effect resignation allowed remain roman consul chief executive old republic allowed retain powers similar chief representatives people arrangement effect functioned popular ratification position state senate granted unique grade command power gave authority rome military governors entire roman army granted title citizen called gave expanded powers final reforms instituted altered constitution final goal ensure orderly succession granted powers quickly recognized heir law passed legal powers equivalent independent year dead died legally ended knew secured support army rest government soon follow assumed command guard force armies swear allegiance soon occurred senate power elect transferred assemblies senate died proclaimed emperor senate assassinated days following assassination senate debated merits restoring republic demands army declared emperor ultimately killed declared emperor decades death roman empire sense union time governor proclaimed emperor troops rome emperor quickly lost supporters committed suicide governor lower germany soon proclaimed emperor troops rome guard proclaimed emperor assassinated took army germany defeat instead defeated committed suicide proclaimed emperor quickly defeated executed declared emperor emperor roman constitution began slide outright monarchy died succeeded son presided weakening senate succeeded brother reign marked significant turning point road monarchy censor life unlike father powers senate ultimately character makes derived paranoia consequence fact son obvious heir september assassinated period began accession emperor ended death emperor empire continued weaken difficult recruit soldiers army inflation issue occasion empire went bankrupt significant constitutional development era steady drift monarchy succeeded reign short major constitutional reforms reverse predecessor abuses succeeded went restoring image free republic example allowing senate regain independent legislative abilities succeeded emperor far important constitutional alteration creation bureaucratic apparatus included fixed clearly defined offices corresponding order promotion succeed real changes constitution succeeded marcus significant constitutional development occurred reign marcus revival republican principle brother emperor died marcus son new emperor marcus died emperor revived worst memories later julian emperors explicit predecessors taking powers legally constitution killed constitutional reforms enacted development significance continuing slide monarchy constitutional set lost meaning starting reign emperor empire period severe military civil economic stress crisis arguably reached height reign crisis ended accession decline fall roman emperor military situation recently stabilized allowed enact badly needed constitutional reforms resurrected system marcus divided empire east west half ruled emperors called resurrected precedent set ensured emperor named successor early reign called successor created bureaucratic apparatus similar system created office defined set responsibilities set rank set path promotion administrative system followed example set divided empire small administrative units assigned honorary titles insignia important consequence reforms fact image free republic finally given way centuries old reality monarchy obvious resigned chaos ensued chaos subsided reforms remained effect emperor constantine great enact revisions constitution significant change centuries abolition ultimately constitution survived form western roman empire fell division empire west east set stage ages come significant factor ultimate division christian church western roman catholic eastern greek orthodox division empire catholic_church day


goat puzzle goat puzzle known infamous goat puzzle infamous goat goat goat simply goat puzzle featured revolution software classic point click adventure game broken sword shadow puzzle protagonist george gain access underground dig located castle ireland avoiding getting fierce goat explained difficult challenging player way different previous puzzles game noted gamers publications hardest video game puzzles time puzzle simplified shadow director cut puzzle solution revolution software point click adventure game broken sword shadow released investigating murder protagonist player character george finds dark mystery knights medieval manuscript obtained investigation leads castle located ireland enter castle main entrance door climbs stops short wall puts sewer key obtained beginning game crack wall forms step allowing climb wall inside castle entrance underground dig located tied goat sitting near entrance chain tied long allow prevent george reaching entrance old piece farming machinery located left screen george unable interact goat continues butt george allow goat butt trying reach entrance goat returning original position player click farming machinery causes george quickly jump run machinery slightly returned original position goat charges george gets chain machinery allows george freely enter dig legacy puzzle considered gamers publications challenging video game puzzles time broken sword creator revolution ceo charles cecil broken sword designer steve publications covered explain puzzle challenging player met time critical puzzle prior point game mean necessarily connection machinery key moment happen chris official nintendo magazine said played broken sword words goat puzzle probably break cold sweat hardcore gamer wrote broken sword known intricate challenging puzzles puzzle appeared computer video games feature gaming hardest puzzles listed crazy difficult intricate video game puzzles classic shadow european game developers conference august cecil brought topic difficult puzzles member audience shouted fucking goat laughter ensued cecil added unfair absolutely continued claiming knew taxi driver questioned occupation finding written broken sword driver responsible goat puzzle puzzle simplified shadow director cut according cecil adding logical solution version game includes diary character takes notes completing goat puzzle george diary reads ghost fierce billy goat moment thought going incredibly awkward past end surprisingly simple known reference original puzzle reputation easter egg involving talking goat included shadow sequel broken sword smoking mirror goat puzzle featured broken sword curse beginning ending second final episode title achieved stretch goal


halo halo rings eponymous fictional halo science fiction franchise referred installations monitors collectively referred array installations creators series alien antagonists refer structures sacred rings believing form greater religious prophecy known great journey according halo fiction built rings contain study flood infectious alien parasite rings act weapon resort fired rings kill life capable falling prey flood parasite food installations plot progression halo series massive feature wildlife weather resemble banks concept shape design structure halo combat evolved takes place initially planet changed ring design later development staff member provided halo ring video game names red shift suggested overview design development term refers artificial structures dimensions kilometers larger use ring shaped fiction larry novel described design intermediate step spheres planets ring radius miles width miles dimensions far exceeding found halo series feature miles closer proportion bishop ring habitat actual proposed space habitat explained bishop proportions exactly match bishop idea seen games halo installations feature metallic exterior interior ring filled atmosphere water plant life animal life appear docking ports windows dot exterior surface suggesting fraction ring structure hollow maintenance living power generation title game developer project announced development game halo early stages halo combat evolved took place massive planet called planet sphere ring felt change larry according artist paul employee frank connor wrote post specific accusation idea ring shaped planet wholesale accurate explaining cool type thing forerunner civilization build time game known expected replace working title better studio founder jason jones bring tell mother project dubbed monkey nuts titles crystal palace hard vacuum star maker star shield santa machine suggested suggested calling project halo ring despite concerns title religious lacked action stuck turn halo ring combat evolved halo intended populated large animal life collectively known fauna fauna included pseudo mammals like creature blind wolf players ride animals removed technical conceptual reasons difficulties getting herd behavior action work pressure complete game central aspects animals dropped felt ring heightened sense halo mystery appearance parasitic flood terrifying unexpected scientific analysis physicist kevin essay composition problems associated halo installation complete seen halo combat evolved halo orbit gas giants similar larger bodies exhibit characteristics planet small star system points body mass remain stationary larger bodies system gas giant moon areas known points classified stability bodies angles gas giant remain location relative objects system points stable having tendency unstable direction located point installations actively correct orbit apparent gravity halo installations close earth normal halo spin speed kilometers second match earth gravity translating day aside unstable position contend thousands impacts destroy ring evidence games installations project energy shield prevent occurrence magnetic environment gas giant halo exposed high levels radiation earth protected radiation charged particles created planet magnetic field huge cables run halo electric current run cables protective magnetic environment created sustain life games analysis ring composition proved inconclusive implying constructed unknown material halo constructed conventional materials light steel feasible assuming ring structure space ring composed steel average density grams cubic centimeter result total mass material required build ring akin total material available belt installations installation installation referred gamma halo appears halo monitored testament located system damaged planet whilst gameplay takes place installation extremely dense field surrounding installation site scientific research base scientists conducting experiments forerunner artifact called composer ability convert biological forms specifically humans game antagonist device base left halo series comics follows events halo establishes testament long disappeared ring leading monitor arrive installation ambushed living installation use composer installation installation referred alpha halo appears halo combat evolved majority gameplay takes place areas installation exploration drives story ring managed artificial intelligence known guilty spark located system dominated gas giant known threshold halo threshold satellite extremely large moon known basis group humans aboard ship pillar autumn crash land ring pursued alien ring holds religious significance aliens humans believe weapon turn tide war favor reality ring home parasite called flood accidentally released threaten galaxy human soldier master chief eventually pillar autumn order ring cause break preventing spread flood activation halo network kill life fail safe flood alerted destruction proceeded create installation destroyed master chief game events guilty spark alludes previous firing network director joseph said occurred years previous events game year installation events halo humans discover second installation delta halo monitored completely ignored flood warnings captured leader leadership wants activate installation believing key salvation time flood led intelligence known lay siege city ship high charity guilty spark informs halo true purpose holy warrior danger truly represent group humans prevent firing ring unexpected fail safe protocol remaining halo installations remote activation location known halo revealed created oversight base installation installation referred installation located outside way galaxy serves construction control station halo weapon system share geometry installations halo discover portal earth leads pursued humans faction opposed rings having high charity crash lands installation remote firing rings halted master chief order end threat flood master chief decides activate installation construction replacement halo destroyed halo combat evolved unknown guilty spark premature firing destroy installation monitor attempted defend ring destroyed master chief proceeded fire weapon firing tears apart incomplete halo severely damages master chief try escape portal closes enter leaving master chief drifting space returns earth successfully forming setting halo according bear forerunner trilogy greater served location construction larger rings


cradle cradle level created storm final video game thief deadly shadows unlike levels game features strong survival horror theme addition stealth gameplay typical thief series players traverse abandoned haunted mental asylum called cradle attempting free soul young girl building captivity level designed jordan thomas smith composed theories interactive horror design developed smith team sought create level appear game took influence works house leaves session silent hill series studied mental reportedly haunted buildings inspiration cradle widely praised described publications computer video games gamer bloody scenes history video games jordan thomas went create fort level serve creative director positive reception cradle inspired montreal create similar asylum level thief overview cradle penultimate level thief deadly shadows video game developed storm addition stealth gameplay typical game level features strong survival horror theme cradle takes place inside cradle conscious abandoned mental institution patrolled creatures called bodies inmates protagonist enters building hopes solving mystery related supernatural murderer gray lady inside encounters ghost deceased orphan killed gray lady trapped cradle remembers cradle divided sections inner cradle outer cradle player begins outer cradle designed players secretly contains dangers enemies inner cradle building backstory unveiled fashion clues scattered level player free locating artifacts allow cradle remember completing objective discovers cradle remembered escape player travels time cradle memory fleeing cradle staff player ends level cradle highest window convinces building dead development central ideas cradle conceived thief deadly shadows project director smith smith designed horror based level return cathedral thief dark project intended atmospheric level widely held terrifying smith process hired storm work deadly shadows contacted gamer writer discuss return cathedral interview progressed email smith developed theory horror design explain success level core concept players try establish boundaries safety danger fear results boundaries unpredictable player compelled cross free smith decided consciously apply theory deadly shadows result cradle smith goal cradle create level appear game knock return cathedral charts designer jordan thomas joined deadly shadows team november interest horror design smith worked thomas early planning cradle referred storm haunted house thomas explained key design described feeling seven steps thomas drafted level design based idea seeking retain stealth focus levels deadly shadows saw cradle level test possibilities interactive horror design smith later noted biggest contributions level beats designed ways players boundaries regularly violated forcing explore threatening areas thomas spent large portion hours working level smith stated thomas responsible implementation level theories team worked discover causes mechanics fear analyzed horror films inspiration cradle includes influences silent hill system shock series films devil backbone jacob ladder session books house leaves hell shining thomas applied psychological horror techniques hoped stay player level end generate fear combination scripted sequences factors light source level slow speed thomas hoped create sense breathing cradle feel like living entity lights programmed approached level real time thomas unable predict lights times believed gave player feeling hunted thomas explained cradle design based dozens actual existing victorian hospitals haunted buildings state hospital key influence smith went members team visit abandoned asylum austin texas thomas gathered photographs urban explorers studied past methods treating mental disorders read patient staff interviews audio director composed cradle later described drunken sound makes uneasy unexpected noise splits reception legacy cradle widely praised subject page feature gamer article dedicated single level magazine hailed brilliant disturbing levels committed believed probably level tom ign wrote level experienced believed praised sound design considered level high point deadly shadows gamespot called level remarkable nerve ign noted retrospective feature level combine scare living april level highlighted atmospheric valve corporation writer maximum included cradle list video game moments magazine brittany vincent noting level features mixture patients suffering spirits evil intentions bloody placed level fourth moments non horror games staff wrote level managed burn minds forever hell writing official xbox magazine ryan ranked deadly shadows fourth games time list based solely cradle considered level single brilliantly designed mission genius trilogy games reader poll conducted daily_telegraph deadly shadows tied twelfth video game large cradle level led computer video games place deadly shadows list fear factor games magazine wilson wrote level considered levels created finishing work deadly shadows jordan thomas went games designed fort section later creative director tensions disagreements deadly shadows team smith fired storm near end game production founded tiger style fellow deadly shadows designer david smith later wondered team cradle stated worry little bit retrospect people wanted stealing stuff experience forced deepest positive reception cradle inspired montreal create similar asylum level thief


virtual camera system video games virtual camera system aims controlling camera set cameras display view virtual world camera systems purpose action best possible angle generally virtual worlds person view required opposed film makers virtual camera system creators deal world interactive unpredictable possible know player character going seconds possible plan shots film maker solve issue system relies certain rules artificial intelligence select appropriate shots mainly types camera systems fixed camera systems camera system displays player character succession shots tracking cameras hand follow character movements finally interactive camera systems partially automated allow player directly change view implement camera systems video game developers use techniques artificial intelligence scripts autonomous agents person view video games person refers graphical perspective rendered fixed distance slightly player character viewpoint allows players strongly characterized avatar common action games action adventure games games perspective use audio volume ambient sounds varies depending position avatar primarily types person camera systems fixed camera systems camera positions set game creation tracking camera systems camera simply follows player character interactive camera systems player control fixed kind system developers set properties camera position orientation field view game creation camera views change place shown set views early example kind camera system seen dark characters background evolve pre rendered early resident evil games notable examples games use fixed cameras god war series video games known technique advantage camera system allows game designers use language film like filmmakers possibility create mood careful selection shots games use kind technique praised cinematic qualities tracking says tracking camera follows characters player control camera way example rotate different position type camera system common early games crash tomb simple implement number issues particular current view suitable object showing player interested changed player control camera viewpoint causes difficulty character turns stands face wall camera end awkward positions interactive type camera system improvement tracking camera system camera tracking character parameters orientation distance character changed consoles camera controlled analog stick provide good accuracy games usually controlled mouse case games super mario sunshine legend wind fully interactive camera systems difficult implement right way gamespot argues super mario sunshine difficulty comes having control camera legend wind successful ign called camera system smart rarely needs manual correction games offer interactive camera system super mario game types camera systems player switch time standard tracking camera system partly driven artificial intelligence system aware structure level certain shots example level path hill turn left camera automatically starts looking left anticipating player movements second type allows player control camera relatively mario position pressing left right buttons camera mario pressing moves camera closer away mario implementation large body research implement camera system role software generate best possible shot given set visual constraints words given requested shot composition character ensure covers percent screen space use methods try creating shot satisfy request suitable shot found coordinates rotation camera graphic engine display view camera systems solution found constraints relaxed example generate shot character occupies percent screen space ignore screen space simply ensure character visible methods include camera systems use scripts decide select current shot commonly seen shot scenarios called film typically script going triggered result action instance player character conversation character conversation script going triggered script contain instructions shoot character conversation shots combination instance shoulder shots close shots script based approaches switch camera set cameras rely generate camera coordinates account scene layout scripted approach use virtual cameras proposed subsequent research demonstrated script based system automatically switch cameras view conversations chat application bill original approach problem devised system camera autonomous agent personality style shots rhythm affected mood happy camera cut frequently spend time close shots bouncy motion brightly scene prior work automated virtual camera control systems directed reducing need human manually control camera director lens solution proposes palette suggested virtual camera shots leaving human operator creative shot selection computing subsequent suggested virtual camera shots system visual compositions editing patterns prior recorded shots suggested camera shots conform continuity conventions crossing line action match placement virtual characters appear look cuts favors shots human operator previously sequence mixed reality applications released microsoft hybrid peripheral device provides body detection xbox players hands free control user video games software console later modified oliver university california davis series youtube videos showed combining based virtual camera capable detecting range depth computer stereo vision structured light captured scene demonstrated capacity virtual camera allow free viewpoint navigation range depth camera allow video capture scene shown resulting fields black space camera unable capture video field depth later demonstrated modification combining video streams order enhance video capture view virtual camera developments covered works community new_york_times article real time recording motion tracking virtual cameras developed allow director film motion capture view digital characters movements real time pre constructed digital environment house spaceship resident evil video game use technology developed film avatar use motion capture control position orientation virtual camera enables operator aim virtual camera simply walking turning virtual camera rig virtual camera rig consists portable monitor tablet device motion sensors optional support framework optional button controls commonly start stop recording adjust lens properties michael mit media lab demonstrated earliest documented virtual camera rig fixed magnetic motion inch portable wooden ruler project university north_carolina chapel hill produced number physical input devices virtual camera view control including dual axis ball shaped prop known featured embedded degree freedom motion digital button


fictional universe setting primarily appearing final_fantasy video game series world conceived joined square square_enix expanded games alliance series described complex world long history stories final_fantasy tactics story final_fantasy said close map described world physically true final_fantasy tactics advance created parallel real world true witnessed remaining games describes distinct locations geographical region smaller kingdom belong larger unnamed world generally term refer conceptual setting medieval world europe mediterranean concept creation created fictional world identity medieval like world magic machine exist usual elements final_fantasy crystals magic spells blend setting setting appeared final_fantasy tactics game produced team battle tactics project square following departure quest game story featured allusions final_fantasy tactics stated story final_fantasy tactics final_fantasy close map complex world long history stories following departure square_enix development final_fantasy square_enix continued feature games stated originally intended story place result references final_fantasy tactics story story references final_fantasy serve fan service appearances video games final_fantasy tactics tactical role playing game developed published square sony playstation video game console marked appearance game combined thematic elements final_fantasy video game series game engine battle system unlike previously seen franchise final_fantasy tactics set fictional medieval inspired kingdom called created game story follows cadet finds thrust middle intricate military conflict known lion war opposing noble factions throne kingdom story progresses allies discover sinister plot war interview assistant professor international university japan mentions final_fantasy tactics casual gamers usually games branching storylines found titles tactics story action role playing game featuring shops player interaction characters instead game focuses weapon creation modification elements puzzle solving strategy game takes place fictional kingdom ruined city story centers riot elite agent known travel investigate link cult leader senior parliament member duke prologue blamed murdering duke game events happen week murder final_fantasy tactics advance tactical role playing game developed published square nintendo game boy advance game shares traits final_fantasy tactics direct sequel game story centers children live small town named children transported realm town discovering ancient magical book story focuses exploits attempts return real world facing opposition development game began square announced publishing agreement nintendo later confirmed producer development team tactics advance square product development division constructed employees quest corporation work began february comes quest announced software development team square famed tactics series final_fantasy role playing video game developed published square_enix playstation platform twelfth title mainline final_fantasy series game introduced innovations titles mainline series open world seamless battle system camera system lets player automatically control actions characters license system determines abilities equipment characters game takes place fictional land endless war small kingdom caught nations annexed princess creates resistance movement struggle meets young dreams sky pirate command quickly joined band allies rally empire december square_enix representative informed tokyo reporters announced final_fantasy wings joined games new known alliance final_fantasy tactics war lions playstation portable ios port original final_fantasy tactics game final_fantasy tactics rift nintendo sequel final_fantasy tactics advance albeit set actual world artificial world unlike predecessor title collection final_fantasy international job system revealed executive producer explained aim alliance spread word world bring players franchise new titles restricted standard role playing game genre tactical games games similar story wings director noted large original team worked final_fantasy square_enix world quest team alliance world slightly influenced final_fantasy earlier titles crystal defenders series turn based strategy video games developed winds published square_enix comprises released mobile phones online video game delivery services games set fictional world features job classes monsters summoned creatures tactical role playing game final_fantasy tactics rift fortress code cancelled action role playing video game development director devised concept fortress pre production began second half development square_enix approached developer proposed making game spin final_fantasy game recurring final_fantasy world included elements final_fantasy stylistic motifs character designs additional elements included recurring creatures final_fantasy series released microsoft windows playstation xbox platforms development square_enix pay months disapproved game art style worked bring game art style closer final_fantasy series months development told funding come square_enix developer filed bankruptcy days later word project leaked art worked project tech demo surfaced fortress thought development undisclosed studio suspended game released form final_fantasy tactics tactical role playing game social features multiplayer battles released japan social gaming network media japan final_fantasy tactics advance story expanded broadcast japanese radio stations radio drama entitled final_fantasy tactics advance radio edition broadcast radio stations japan early january late march final_fantasy adapted manga square_enix published series total volumes december august setting geography kingdom events final_fantasy tactics set kingdom borders east nation north west separated channel kingdom forms peninsula composed seven provinces individual kingdoms unification province home church ruled separately royal government game backstory territory connected mainland submerged disaster involving stones occurred soon saint execution city city dead city birthplace governed church enclosed province prior events final_fantasy tactics church dominated kingdom remake final_fantasy tactics final_fantasy tactics war lions refers church life saw replaced new church time game major religion kingdom intensely political history followers use word prayers events game church revealed large spin history particularly events surrounding life figure story set ruins city kingdom heavily mentioned locations featured prologue ending sequence contrast games magic rare suppressed religious doctrine races mentioned assume races aside extinct time story centers dark invisible entity places dark runs strongest died corpses controlled dark dark exists person negative energy individual power story individuals powers dark centers abandoned city mythological aspect story ancient cult built dark ancient sect stemmed seen rituals performed game involved ancient magic story kingdom shown use symbol follow teachings saint named instead original teachings religion founder city featured story bore followers magic seeing higher members continue use scenes revealed course story goes unresolved final_fantasy tactics advance protagonist lives land called following characters discovery book called transformed mirror real kingdom races seen world tactics advance game final_fantasy setting come represent real apparently explained replied final_fantasy favorite game races elements assume based final_fantasy sequel game final_fantasy tactics rift takes place final_fantasy peninsula final_fantasy covers continents consists known races minority races civilization advanced world use magical stone called extensive everyday life prominent transportation multi story buildings cover final_fantasy designed based mixture cultures according game developers designs inspired mixture medieval mediterranean countries turkish architecture art indian architecture new_york arabic culture found hidden european countries patterns featured shape conceived dirty weather worn conditions medieval landscape natural landscape mirrors earth geographical features including large snowy mountains final_fantasy continents presently home nations kingdom republic destroyed empire strategically located rival neighboring position neutral region countries eliminated invaded onset game fall reduction occupied territory rule set play central role heated dispute neighbors escalating events final_fantasy focused area peninsula located larger region area diverse geography climate ranging hilly southern south lands arid lower altitudes higher elevations places region known receive snow north heavily forested home dense jungle lies magical micro climates influenced magical phenomenon known mist unstable substance ability cause great variation small areas influence mist areas areas mist laden winds rich soil interfere mechanisms tend harsh nation physically peninsula area resembles europe east surrounding central body water sea sides west curve away creating peninsula mist responsible existence stones contain magical powers presence mist structure divided types spell casting installed component known rings flight vehicles small sized large function like recording devices quality depends quantity mist size shape stone magic cost efficiency led replacing electricity sources dominant usable energy type works absorbing mist effects magic storing vast amounts power described literally god man course game discovered created ultimate source known pieces sun created contains large magic known influence history final_fantasy light religion dominant church having influence political affairs region peninsula despite church maintains stance high ranking officials banned participating political affairs altogether head time final_fantasy death events story like followers final_fantasy tactics swear father manner christian final_fantasy guide considers church possible branch locations final_fantasy returned sequel final_fantasy wings new area called legendary floating continent raised skies god long ago land ruled sacred crystals called erected barrier shield rest world wings legend floating land ambition sky pirates seek island pieces able allow summon entities called ruins reside course game main characters learn sealing work defied prior god like backstory final_fantasy wings established personality cult labeling people god sense peace paradise spite attacks false paradise draining plan destroy revenge taking place years final_fantasy wings final_fantasy tactics rift introduces new region called region western half continent eastern half continent north continents regions spread continents consist smaller territories inside number territories contain varying number areas eighty areas towns include particular town race similar introduced game called winged females small pack mean punch specializing new classes old human exclusive class hunter given class uses magic timeline timeline presented games left vague official sources said little matter sources conclusion timeline official timeline eventually given final_fantasy placed events final_fantasy final_fantasy tactics direct mention story references kingdom setting story shares continent appearing final_fantasy religion featured final_fantasy religion ghost town story takes place additionally quotation famous historian lived years war lions narrator brave story told final_fantasy tactics beginning game descriptions items direct reference story place story latest timeline given direct references events final_fantasy tactics said intended story world tactics final_fantasy noted square_enix advertising agree confusion particularly facts surrounding saint executed years prior events final_fantasy tactics clan final_fantasy said separated light religion shortly foundation thousand years old gender specified north american release final_fantasy japanese clan timeline referred lit holy woman final_fantasy tactics male final_fantasy tactics rift confirmed developers place final_fantasy final_fantasy tactics advance place near time final_fantasy races populations seen final_fantasy tactics story essentially human intelligent races appear hostile monster like friendly intelligent races appear later games set human race called monsters like thought exist general populace story monsters isolated stemming dark races appearance according order featured final_fantasy tactics advance populated main intelligent races addition final_fantasy race living twice long socially advanced race hate called regarded offensive final_fantasy considered integrated races society race friendly exemplified possess great agility strength acute senses hearing smell making excellent hunters fighters poor wear clothing magical abilities generally poor problems unique mouth gives chanting magic spells developed exclusive high level spells race use said related men race known mechanics engineering pioneers construction longer rabbit like ears tend gray fur final_fantasy tactics advance player guided world final_fantasy characters return albeit different roles featured final_fantasy tactics summoned creatures race mentioned backstory having lived woods dog like race short half size adult adept magic speak monsters lifespan times longer appear optional playable characters final_fantasy tactics advance races infinite number possible playable characters special sprites final_fantasy appear religion found mainly rabbit like race live times long divided light skinned dark skinned rabbit deer like features notably long ears feet shaped way order stand wear high heels slender forms senses speed defense low agility races final_fantasy tactics advance blue white pale green purple white hair having hair pure white considered blessing listen surrounding nature sense mist feeling overwhelmingly vast quantity active mist final_fantasy live hidden villages deep vast forests believe tied wood forests rarely involved matters outside wood moves forest like considered dead people mixed breeds accustomed society white hair lack males seen found males females live separately meeting need final_fantasy introduces races varying importance plot game green skinned race bodies relatively small stature adult height size child kingdom ceased exist designated stronghold sensitive air breathe living air city destruction forces wear gas masks poorer fortunate commit crimes earn living targeting travelers causing view race final_fantasy depicted large thick nature arts war unnecessary violence high hearing senses able hunters prefer natural ornaments animal bones stones crafted objects exception traditional mask worn birth death villages sparsely located region governed council led high elder relations races peaceful rare merchants known trade plains exchanging items ancient times granted dislike violence hindered power long living highly intelligent race white haired tall thin long limbs communicate asleep probe dreams appears final_fantasy minor race appears deeply bit aristocratic act advisors representatives powerful race possessing low intellect described barely able speak human languages somewhat hired mercenaries guards hunters significant going attracted shiny objects markings sorts common resembles face chest males females impossible distinguish real sign females wear clothing upper bodies lords masters great sea bestowed presence mastery fish travel evolved crustaceans bodies thin entirely covered layers clothing game states hide ugly bodies protected sun divided separate tribes ruled queen able speak language strictly territorial attacking enters lands particularly proud attached honor requesting aid outside race results death penalty exile tribe members unusual aggressive violent nature known exile final_fantasy wings introduces races winged race appearing final_fantasy wings wings count blessing able fly air curse resulting short lifespan years ruins people emotion true conflict tend people overtime destroyed regained emotions feeling rage sky pirates sins race departed sub race characterized light blond hair shorter ears standard descendants chief fell love blood birth treated blood cast wood refuge volcano dare enter wings left hopes day come inheritance received judge wings remained ensure people learn truth patriarch lastly final_fantasy tactics rift features races winged race final_fantasy tactics rift born dragon like wings horns physical combat featured game female stated members female males exist subspecies mentioned race features share pointed ears members race final_fantasy tactics legends revolve brave story deals knights power stones magical stones engraved symbols fight demon summoned ambitious king control myth twisted church explained game backstory including leader braves demons linked stones seek gain control defeated leader high person holds stone contract demon associated demon events game manipulate church controlling war lions ensure resurrection thirteenth associated sun found quest final_fantasy tactics advance sub boss final encounter party appearance similar vampire type enemy final_fantasy summoned describe known revealed creations final_fantasy new translation version final_fantasy tactics stones referred stone summon final_fantasy wings final_fantasy introduces immortal beings visible faces pair glowing yellow eyes seen floating shell like armor surrounded invisible capable possession shape shifting image projection referred gods unknown main religions race played central role history controlling major events rise king peace fostered year rule apparently disgusted kind rebelled gave secret overthrow mankind masters fate events game eventually provoke end age stones control final_fantasy wings revealed played sealing long ago present time land legend sky pirates sought wings introduced beings known known powerful entities created spiritual energy certain elements mist assume physical form defeated battle summoned obey command fourteen appeared final_fantasy thirteen final_fantasy tactics referred darkness magical beings created great strength intelligence led eventually rebelled reasons engaged war dubbed thousand year war gods eventually defeated consequently gods bound existence beast trapping mist controls turn controls allowing operate summoned creatures fourteenth legendary collects swords defeats battle fight like offer aid ways job use powers mythological gods like reception final_fantasy tactics sold copies japan half total number copies sold japan reached approximately united_states reached estimated sale units year march game shipped million copies worldwide million copies shipped japan abroad final_fantasy tactics advance sold copies year release japan nearly units sold week august million units game sold north_america europe war lions reached japanese gaming charts sold copies month release united_states game 53rd best selling game japan copies according famitsu magazine ultimate hits edition sold additional copies japan square_enix reports final_fantasy tactics rift sold copies worldwide copies sold japan copies north_america copies europe editorials gaming website outlined similarities catholic_church church portrayed final_fantasy tactics editorial noted controversial developers church institution fact demon evil god editorial mentions controversies failed recognize church question medieval roman_catholic_church historically institution known flaws past final_fantasy considered japanese star wars galaxy gamespot reviewer turn star wars considered american japanese films specifically hidden fortress established fantasy setting air battles gives world science fiction feel adding galaxy far far away mood different races large cities political unrest rebellion empire characters primarily traverse foot world final_fantasy feels vast reviewers enjoyed impressive visuals eurogamer praised beautiful architecture interaction races final_fantasy noted melancholy feeling wandering barren review final_fantasy tactics ign called battle areas extremely designed detailed perfection churches especially beautiful gamespot similarly impressed wide varieties beautiful seen swamps castles think praised feel story calling lit style brought dark moody feeling game went game great visual presentation books best looking playstation games


green hill zone green hill zone level sega genesis video game sonic level grassy lush environmental features palm trees vertical loops cliffs home numerous forest animals like game levels green hill comprises acts sonic fights antagonist doctor moving second level marble zone constructed level designer musical theme created green hill zone remembered classic sonic series video games general level music received positive opinions critics gone games sonic adventure sonic battle sonic generations critics noted green hill like aesthetic levels games history characteristics green hill level sonic located south island lush grassy stage unique features like palm trees cliffs addition later levels game green hill environmental features obstacles like ramps vertical loops tunnels spring boards spikes normally populated woodland creatures antagonist doctor inside robots known prior events game player destroy free animals green hill consists acts end act features boss battle beating sonic moves second level lava themed marble zone sonic created newly formed sonic team member sega subsidiary formed create character compete nintendo mario game level design handled musical theme composed japanese band dreams come true designing green hill inspired state california game color scheme general influenced work pop artist original game green hill remade secret level game sonic adventure player collecting found completing game objectives game sonic generations title past entries sonic series history features classic modern versions green hill numerous sonic levels level set appear upcoming title sonic addition green hill appears stage fighting game sonic battle tennis video game sega superstars tennis sports video game mario sonic olympic winter games crossover adventure game dimensions crossover fighting games super smash brawl super smash nintendo 3ds fighting climax cultural impact critical reception green hill zone received consistently positive opinions critics particularly music named level best levels video games calling great way prepare come game informer tim found level music catchy ranked thirteenth greatest piece gaming music bit era sega community manager aaron returned vacation find resemble green hill ign claimed wants come owen good want work green hill zone writing sabotage times ranked original sonic having greatest music video game largely result green hill theme critics compared levels particularly levels later sonic games green hill considers hill sonic mushroom hill sonic seaside hill sonic heroes fit general mold green hill noting repetition sonic level design stating gamers played green hill zone dozens times opined generations version original green hill incarnations baker nintendo world report hill sonic lost world green hill carter thought similarly legend downloadable content levels impact legacy green hill zone recognized critics classic known video game level described classic jim sterling chris_carter joe official nintendo magazine called nostalgic christopher grant considered place center retro gaming shrine kevin complex stated game level popularity didn genesis level played department store parents went shopping andy kelly computer video games called green hill theme monumental slice sega nostalgia gamesradar writer referred classic summarized green hill zone original game gone instantly piece music pop culture mark sonic fifteenth anniversary sega released version green hill website long generations release sega held contest inviting gamers generations version green hill completed minute seconds youtube winners eligible sonic merchandise


dragon kill points dragon kill points semi formal score keeping system system massively multiplayer online games players games faced large scale challenges raids effort dozens players time players involved defeating boss boss reward group small number items desired players faced system fairly distributing items established originally massively multiplayer online role playing game dragon kill points points awarded players defeating bosses items bosses drop time bosses faced players dragons outside particular guild treated manner similar currency paid specified rate modified second price methods awarded dragon kill points distinct virtual game world designed game developers systems vary guild guild points value regards dispersal boss origin motivation systems designed creation guild called named dragons lady lord adapted use similar online games world example avatar named started popular use programmers designed applications system work game application track data achievements unlike pen paper traditional role playing video games massively multiplayer online games present challenges significant number players required defeat greatly exceed number items awarded raid following boss kill raid individuals items drop actual number players required defeat specific boss varies game game person hours invested non trivial raid encounters involve players organized achieve common goal period typically continuous hours demand raid members number players required defeat boss grows problem distributing rewards efforts items appear drop quantities smaller total number players group required defeat means deciding players receive items necessary new items rewarded boss kills represent means continue enhance combat effectiveness character social standing player individual players care receiving fair shot dropped items facing smaller challenges fewer players typically begin items simulated roll provided software serving game similar rolls outcome contingent events pen paper role playing games number players expands rolls weighted guild adjusted measure ensure veterans guild lose item new member games dungeons require larger groups players create incentive formal systems methods reward items according performance developed modifications including systems relying formal points kill mechanics system basic concepts systems simple players given points participating raids guild events spend points item choice boss drops item player chance spend raids able spend future points earned spent like currency thing virtual currency provided game company virtual world points represent social contract extend players player leave guild guild points measures vary considerably usage systems completely allowing guild leaders direct players receive items bosses use complex measures determine item price use auction system goods bidding common variations described zero sum zero sum systems designed ensure net change points raid zero item dropped suggest item drops player interested indicates guild leader player highest total receives item specified price number points divided evenly rest raid given resulting net change raid total result raid rewarded player desired item dropped boss time boss multiple times zero sum systems modified introduce dummy character awarded boss kill player guild received item purely accounting measure allows guild reward players defeating boss automated point tracking system simple simplest variation item set price list player earns specified number time participate guild raid like zero sum systems player points recorded actually received item paying specified price unlike zero sum simple system compensate rest raid based value items received auction systems setting prices specific items difficult analysis particular item order avoid establish auction system items points awarded player specified rate items awarded raid group players bid item choice conducted open ascending fashion sealed bids private messages guild leaders process results relatively efficient allocation items players willing presents social consequence perceived selfish bidding result item awarded character best use gold gold system developed pick groups system introduced support individuals guild support raids difficult bosses zones boss killed item dropped auction low value item auctioned eventual winner pays master item auctioned participant group rewarded equal share gold example members group gold spent items raid participant receive gold virtual capital intention scarce resources guild members understood context virtual capital players earn spend bidding system item holds value referred currency guild leader pays employees despite remain kind private money system allowing items return participation discipline points traded outside guild actually game tracked external websites contrast virtual created game developers game software traded players respect social affiliation outside guild economic capital paying real world currency exchange return participation events functional result serve currency material capital refers social players attend raids frequently play rules rewards casual gamers provides incentive players remain social system guild longer guild stand high level items lee mentions specific item world cold snap forms cultural capital items bound player receives way desired item involved raid defeated boss rewards cold snap represents signal players bearer defeated particular high level monster mastered skills needed points represent cultural material capital language material capital price bid currency terms unit account crosses line material symbolic