uss boxer uss boxer essex class aircraft carriers united_states_navy fifth ship named hms boxer launched december christened daughter senator louisiana commissioned late combat world war boxer spent career pacific_ocean seeing tours western pacific initial duties involved training exercises including launching carrier based jet aircraft prevented activity late 1940s outbreak korean war aircraft transport arriving korean waters carrier join force supported landings subsequent invasion north_korea ships provided support chinese prepared spread united_nations force saw subsequent combat tours korea conducting close air support strategic bombing support ground troops fighting 38th parallel battles lines largely solidified time awarded battle stars service korea korean war boxer saw variety duties including anti submarine warfare carrier amphibious assault platform participated number training exercises including operation operation steel pike including operation cuban missile crisis later years served ship spacecraft apollo program aircraft transport troops vietnam war extensively modified internally conversion landing platform helicopter external modifications minor career boxer retained classic appearance world war essex class ship decommissioned december years service sold scrap construction boxer essex class ships completed largest numerous capital ships produced world war ordered ship long hull designs class begun production march long hull variant involved bow waterline form increased provided deck space quadruple mounts units flight deck slightly shortened forward provide better arcs fire essex class ships laid richard followed original short bow design later ships variously referred long bow units long hull group class navy maintained institutional distinction long hull short hull members essex class postwar upgrades applied groups equally like long hull essex class carriers boxer displacement tonnes long tons short tons overall length feet beam feet draft feet ship powered psi boilers geared steam turbines developed shaft horsepower turned propellers like essex class carriers maximum speed knots mph ship total crew complement like essex class ships armed inch caliber guns pairs single quadruple guns cannons unlike sisters boxer armed instead guns cannons keel laid september newport news company facility newport news virginia fifth ship navy named boxer hms boxer captured war ship bear training ship new carrier launched december christened daughter senator john ship cost estimated service history boxer commissioned april command captain smith subsequently began sea trials cruise complete empire japan surrendered day marking end world war boxer participate joined pacific fleet san_diego august month steamed guam flagship task force position held august tour visited japan okinawa philippines china returned san_francisco september embarked carrier air group flying fighter complement boxer began series peacetime patrols training missions coast california relatively uneventful period spite manning difficulties brought military world war boxer remained active pacific readiness drills west_coast hawaii conducted number short cruises navy reserve personnel march north american fury launched boxer launch jet aircraft american carrier allowed subsequent tests jet aircraft carrier doctrine remainder participated numerous battle drills acted training carrier jet aircraft pilots dispatched far_east tour january joined 7th fleet region making goodwill visit south_korea entertaining south korean president wife end tour returned san_diego june day outbreak korean war time maintenance overhaul time complete dispatched korean war outbreak korean war forces far_east urgent need supplies aircraft aircraft carriers near korea uss valley forge hms triumph boxer ordered service ferry aircraft california fighting korean peninsula record breaking crossing pacific_ocean leaving california july arriving japan july trip days hours carried north american united_states_air_force destined far_east air_force navy aircraft air_force support personnel tonnes long tons short tons supplies united_nations troops fighting north korean invasion south_korea including needed spare parts ordnance equipment taken air national_guard units united_states general shortage began return trip july arrived california august trip days hours minutes breaking record trans pacific cruise carried jet aircraft deemed fuel inefficient initial defense mission korea time boxer arrived korea forces established superiority air sea rapid repairs california boxer embarked carrier air group flying propeller driven fighter bomber departed korea august time combat role aircraft aboard intended complement hundreds aircraft operating korea route peninsula carrier narrowly avoided typhoon slowed trip fourth aircraft carrier arrive korea participate war triumph valley forge arrived june uss philippine sea followed early august arrived late participate battle perimeter instead ordered join flotilla ships participate operation counterattack september supported landings sending aircraft close air support role blocking north korean reinforcements communication prevent attack early operation propulsion system damaged reduction gear ship engine broke casualty maintenance ship engineers worked problem carrier operation limited knots continued role troops recaptured seoul days later boxer continued support troops advanced north north_korea departed united_states november refit overhaul military commanders believed war korea ordered number carriers area subsequently prepared beginning reservoir campaign chinese people liberation army entered war battlefield commanders requested boxer return korea soon possible immediately return commanders feared reduce navy ability respond conflict emergency broke boxer propulsion problems required extensive repair returned san_diego conduct arrival air group embarked korea aboard valley forge repair refit california boxer prepared second tour korea embarked carrier air group group composed navy reserve squadrons dallas texas illinois memphis tennessee kansas pilots called active duty rejoined task force began operations korea march squadrons naval reserve pilots launch strikes korea missions chinese ground forces 38th parallel duty lasted october time carrier operated point area miles coast withdraw miles east needed large destroyer screen protected carriers attacks occur period rest boxer departed california february tour korea carrier air group embarked consisting rejoining task force missions tour consisted primarily strategic bombing targets north_korea lines war largely solidified 38th parallel june planes conducted strikes electric complex conjunction princeton richard philippine sea august fire broke hangar deck boxer fuel tank aircraft caught fire ship conducting combat operations sea japan fire carrier hangar deck hours extinguished final total casualties dead missing critically injured seriously burned overcome smoke gone rescued returned ship eighteen aircraft damaged destroyed steamed emergency repairs august returned korean theatre august september tested new weapons system radio guided loaded pound bombs guided targets resulting hits near miss considered guided missiles launched carrier combat september aircraft took large bombing mission oil near border returned san_francisco extensive repairs september october designated denoting attack aircraft carrier following extensive repairs steamed korea march resumed operations month later embarked missions time generally strategic bombing missions effectiveness final missions mixed failing achieve strategic results provided close air support troops final weeks war armistice reached july ending major combat operations korea time sides conducted costly attacks order strengthen positions negotiating table boxer remained korean waters november received battle stars service korea appears film submarine command william william carrying compliment helicopters post korea following korean war boxer returned united_states conducted tour pacific relatively uneventful followed rest united_states tour pacific late early similarly uneventful converted anti submarine warfare carrier early designated completed tour western pacific late early tenth final deployment area late navy began experimenting concept carrier operating entirely attack helicopters boxer test concept boxer flagship operation series nuclear weapons tests central pacific later year transferred atlantic fleet new amphibious assault squadron landing ship tank vessels equipped helicopter platforms experimental concept allow rapid deployment marine_corps personnel helicopter squadrons remainder elements force organized aboard boxer reclassified denoting landing platform helicopter january years boxer operated mainly caribbean amphibious assault carrier duty station cuban missile crisis undertook tour mediterranean took operation steel pike largest amphibious exercise history landing ship docks boxer dispatched hispaniola august humanitarian mission aid haiti dominican_republic infrastructure damaged hurricane ships provided medical aid helped evacuate civilians displaced storm april boxer returned dominican_republic helicopter squadron complement marines evacuated nationals country wake revolution country operation eventually occupation country later transport vessel vietnam war carrier transported helicopters army 1st cavalry division south vietnam second trip vietnam early transported marine_corps aircraft south vietnam participate combat operations war february boxer recovered test flight apollo program launched cape kennedy florida aboard saturn rocket capsule landed miles east ascension island boxer helicopters picked march boxer designated atlantic prime recovery ship uss mason recovered spacecraft crewmen decommissioned december years service stricken naval vessel register sold scrap march


uss nebraska uss nebraska virginia class pre dreadnought battleship united_states_navy second members class ship carry built brothers shipyard seattle washington keel laying july launching october slipping water minutes ahead schedule quick thinking sponsor mary daughter nebraska state governor john managed slipped reach completed ship commissioned navy july ship armed offensive battery inch guns inch guns capable speed knots mph nebraska joined great white fleet reached west_coast united_states continued globe ship conducted normal training ceremonial duties atlantic fleet deployed twice mexico mexican revolution decommissioned briefly reactivated shortly united_states entered world war april training ship later convoy escort war transported american soldiers france transferred pacific fleet remained service year decommissioned july washington naval treaty mandated disposal effected november broken scrap design nebraska feet inches long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons load ship powered shaft triple expansion steam engines rated indicated horsepower coal fired boilers generating speed knots mph built fitted heavy military masts quickly replaced cage masts crew officers enlisted men ship armed main battery inch mark guns twin gun turrets centerline forward aft secondary battery consisted inch guns inch guns inch guns mounted twin turrets atop main battery turrets turrets abreast forward funnel inch guns placed casemates hull close range defense torpedo boats carried inch guns mounted casemates hull pounder guns standard capital ships period nebraska carried torpedo tubes submerged hull broadside nebraska main armored belt thick magazines machinery spaces main battery gun turrets secondary turrets inch thick faces supporting barbettes armor plating conning tower thick sides service history pre world war keel nebraska laid brother shipyard seattle washington july launched october commissioned fleet july member class enter service commander captain entering service conducted cruises minor alterations steamed san_francisco arriving 6th joined great white fleet departed roads virginia previous year leg global cruise nebraska replaced battleship uss alabama fleet departed san_francisco july great white fleet began crossing pacific visit hawaii way stops south pacific included melbourne sydney leaving australia fleet turned north philippines stopping manila continuing japan welcoming ceremony held weeks exercises followed bay philippines november ships passed singapore december entered indian_ocean proceeding suez_canal port said egypt fleet called mediterranean ports stopping gibraltar international fleet british russian french dutch warships greeted americans ships crossed atlantic return roads february having traveled nautical miles conducted naval review president roosevelt conclusion ceremonies nebraska remained service atlantic fleet late took hudson celebration new_york celebration saw international fleet warships germany britain france italy countries join atlantic fleet commemorate henry hudson discovery hudson_river nebraska took ceremony centennial anniversary louisiana entrance united_states ship deployed mexico twice protect american interests mexican revolution june second june october actions ship awarded mexican service medal ship briefly decommissioned returned service april world war days nebraska recommissioned united_states declared war germany submarine warfare campaign joining world war ship assigned 3rd division battleship force atlantic fleet april joined rest fleet battle training chesapeake_bay remained eastern coast united_states tasked training guard crews transport ships april entered norfolk navy yard periodic maintenance nebraska embarked remains recently deceased ambassador roads departed day armored cruiser pittsburgh flagship pacific fleet arrived june commander pacific fleet came aboard nebraska transfer ceremonies ships left june reached roads july starting september nebraska began employed escort convoys europe 17th departed new_york convoy group eighteen ships rest escort included destroyer armed merchant cruiser rochester british hms rendezvous point eastern atlantic handed convoy escorts ships france nebraska arrived roads october escorted convoys war ended november december equipped carry american soldiers france trips brest france carried men united_states trip began december reached brest january embarking contingent soldiers departed newport news virginia arrived january fourth trip concluded june newport news june nebraska transferred cruiser transport force pacific fleet departed east_coast shortly bound pacific july ship decommissioned 15th reclassified remained service july stricken naval register accordance washington naval treaty signed earlier year terms treaty mandated significant reductions naval strength november nebraska declared rendered unfit service accordance treaty sold ship breakers


illinois class battleship illinois class group pre dreadnought battleships united_states_navy commissioned beginning 20th century ships illinois alabama wisconsin built transitional ships incorporated advances preceding designs including modern gun turrets main battery new rapid firing secondary guns american battleships feature dated technologies like fire tube boilers harvey armor armed main battery inch guns twin turrets supported secondary battery fourteen guns ships designed speed knots mph exceeded speed significant margin ships served variety roles locations career illinois served north_atlantic squadron european squadron early career wisconsin served flagship pacific fleet fleet illinois alabama started cruise great white fleet december east_coast united_states time rounded south_america stopped california alabama forced leave fleet machinery problems wisconsin joined fleet continued conclusion tour february ships modernized served atlantic fleet short time ships reduced reserve fleet primarily employed training ships continued role world war training men operate machinery warships transports war effort decommissioned illinois loaned new_york naval militia converted floating arsenal renamed prairie state eventually sold scrapping wisconsin broken scrap alabama expended target ship september bombing tests army air service design design work illinois class began march rear admiral walker convened board consider future battleship designs time modern battleship service low indiana high battleship iowa low class construction navy little experience modern battleships question settled repeat low designs suitable coast defense build iowa request new design altogether walker board determined coastal battleship design united_states long coastlines new ships need better qualities indiana designs war games conducted fleet led board specify draft feet allow ships enter comparatively shallow ports gulf_coast limitation significant effect design meet weight kept minimum prevented copying iowa design outright main armament reduced inch guns board unwilling concession new design required addition board determined secondary gun unnecessary penetrate thinner armor enemy battleships deliver high explosive shell armor instead board decided new rapid firing gun superior ammunition supply secondary caliber board determined armor layout design sufficient adopted change new ships turrets mounting secondary guns battery amidships new turret design main battery adopted instead old round monitor style turrets earlier ships illinois design featured balanced turret sloped armor face balanced prevent ship listing battery trained broadside case congress authorized new battleships june bureau construction repair issued requests american companies days later contracts new ships named illinois alabama wisconsin awarded august general characteristics machinery ships illinois class feet long waterline long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons load built fitted heavy military masts replaced cage masts crew officers enlisted men crew increased later career steering controlled single rudder ships turning radius yards speed knots mph ships transverse metacentric height feet ships powered shaft triple expansion steam engines rated indicated horsepower steam provided coal fired fire tube boilers pair funnels arranged ships navy use fire tube boilers subsequent designs changed efficient lighter water tube boilers engines generating speed knots mph exceeded rated performance trials illinois reaching knots mph ihp ships store long tons coal allowed steam nautical miles cruising speed knots mph armament ships armed main battery caliber guns guns twin gun turrets centerline forward aft guns fired pound shell brown powder charge replaced powder charge produced muzzle velocity feet second gun range yards navy regulations prescribed opening fire yards range gunners time reliably hit range yards shells penetrate inches steel gun slow firing requiring seconds shots guns mounted mark turrets range elevation degrees degrees turrets required guns return degrees loading ammunition storage shells gun secondary battery consisted fourteen caliber mark guns placed casemates hull fired shell muzzle velocity close range defense torpedo boats carried sixteen pounder guns mounted casemates hull pounder guns guns fired shells respectively standard capital ships period illinois class carried torpedo tubes water hull mounted torpedo launchers initially equipped mark design carried pounds range yards speed knots mph armor ships protected harvey armor ships navy rely entirely harvey steel ships main armored belt thick magazines machinery spaces reduced lower edge gradually reduced bow transverse bulkheads thick connected ends central belt main battery barbettes ships armored deck thick flat portion thick sloped sides forward sloped sides aft thick conning tower thick sides thick roof main battery gun turrets inch thick faces thick roofs supporting barbettes armor plating exposed sides portion barbettes belt armor reduced armor thick protected secondary battery lower half armor backed coal increased level protection anti splinter bulkheads thick placed secondary guns reduce possibility shell multiple guns ships class service history commissioning alabama illinois served north_atlantic squadron ships visits europe early careers illinois served flagship european squadron short time accidentally ran aground outside oslo norway returned north_atlantic squadron january wisconsin having built west_coast united_states instead served pacific fleet flagship transferred fleet remained late returned california illinois alabama steamed great white fleet world cruise started december wisconsin joined fleet rounded south_america july alabama leave fleet owing engine damage required repairs alabama detached battleship maine ships continued journey independently greatly shortened rest ships crossed pacific stopped australia philippines japan continuing indian_ocean suez_canal toured mediterranean crossing atlantic arriving bank roads february naval review president roosevelt ships modernized return placed reserve commission employed training ships naval academy naval militia units continued role world war united_states entered april ships trained engine room personnel armed guards merchant ships following german surrender november battleships atlantic fleet transports ferry american soldiers france illinois class ships employed owing short range small size permit sufficient additional accommodations illinois class ships served fleet briefly war training ships decommissioned wisconsin sold scrapping january broken scrap illinois instead converted floating new_york naval militia renamed prairie state served role sold scrap alabama met spectacular end target ship bombing experiments conducted army air service september hit bombs including white weapons pound armor piercing bombs eventually


uss louisiana uss louisiana connecticut class battleship united_states_navy second member class pre dreadnought battleships ship carry louisiana laid february launched august commissioned june long ton battleship capable knots mph main armament consisted inch guns supported mixed secondary battery guns louisiana primarily operated east_coast united_states caribbean career took world cruise great white fleet pair trips european waters took place began involved mexican revolution navy began send ships protect american interests country activity culminated occupation veracruz april world war louisiana employed training ship serving convoy escort late war ended year ferry american soldiers france work completed decommissioned october broken scrap philadelphia navy yard design louisiana long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons load ship powered shaft triple expansion steam engines rated indicated horsepower coal fired boilers generating speed knots mph built fitted heavy military masts quickly replaced masts crew officers enlisted men increased later ship armed main battery inch mark guns twin gun turrets centerline forward aft secondary battery consisted inch guns inch guns inch guns mounted twin turrets amidships inch guns placed casemates hull close range defense torpedo boats carried inch guns mounted casemates hull pounder guns carried pounder guns standard capital ships period louisiana carried torpedo tubes submerged hull broadside louisiana main armored belt thick magazines machinery spaces main battery gun turrets inch thick faces supporting barbettes armor plating secondary turrets frontal armor conning tower thick sides service history keel louisiana laid newport news dry dock company newport news virginia february completed hull launched august commissioned fleet june ship conducted cruise coast new_england ordered cuba left united_states september secretary war william howard assistant secretary state robert bacon aboard requested peace commission cuban president suppress insurrection country bacon helped create provisional government time louisiana remained cuba work completed bacon returned ship took fortress monroe virginia november louisiana carried president roosevelt point maryland panama panama canal built progress construction roosevelt boarded louisiana visit puerto_rico examine new government building continuing point arriving november course following year ship series cruises american ports including new_orleans norfolk visits havana bay cuba period took training exercises new_england louisiana joined great white fleet december departed roads begin globe fleet cruised south caribbean south_america making stops port spain rio_de_janeiro arenas cities arriving mexico march fleet spent weeks conducting gunnery practice fleet resumed voyage pacific_coast americas stopping san_francisco seattle crossing pacific australia stopping hawaii way stops south pacific included melbourne sydney leaving australia fleet turned north philippines stopping manila continuing japan welcoming ceremony held weeks exercises followed bay philippines november ships passed singapore december entered indian_ocean proceeding suez_canal port said egypt fleet called mediterranean ports stopping gibraltar international fleet british russian french dutch warships greeted americans ships crossed atlantic return roads february having traveled nautical miles conducted naval review president roosevelt louisiana underwent extensive overhaul returning voyage conducted training maneuvers atlantic captain washington chambers took command ship june november assigned 2nd division atlantic fleet crossed atlantic visit british french cities second trip europe followed time baltic_sea ships stopped copenhagen denmark sweden russia kiel germany inspected monarchs country unrest mexican revolution led united_states begin intervening conflict protect american interests support louisiana trips mexico july september lasted july december second april august supported united_states occupation veracruz deployment lasted august september returning operation louisiana reduced reserve status norfolk employed training ship naval militia units following united_states declaration war germany april louisiana train gunners engine room personnel period involved gunnery accident training june crews inch guns aboard battleship new_hampshire accidentally began firing submarine present fired received order cease fire shells struck louisiana killing man wounding ship examine arthur fire control system incorporated mechanical analog computer system installed starting june work completed july september reassigned convoy escort operation covered convoy halifax 25th month duty long germans signed armistice ended war november louisiana transport american soldiers france starting december trip company new_hampshire arrived brest france january carried men united_states additional trips brest role task ended transferred philadelphia navy yard decommissioned october ship eventually sold scrap november


uss guam uss guam alaska class large cruiser served united_states_navy end world war second ship class completed ship second vessel navy named island guam american territory pacific commissioning late war guam saw relatively limited service war participated operations okinawa march july including providing anti aircraft defense carrier task force conducting limited shore bombardment operations participated sweeps japanese shipping east china yellow seas july august end war assisted occupation korea transported contingent army troops united_states decommissioned february placed reserve remained stricken sold scrapping following year description construction guam authorized fleet expansion act july ordered september laid february new_york new_jersey launched november fitting work effected ship completed september commissioned navy september command captain cost navy completion ship feet inches long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons combat load ship powered general_electric geared steam turbine sets driving propeller oil fired boilers rated shaft horsepower speed knots mph ship cruising range nautical miles speed mph carried housed pair aircraft mounted amidships ship armed main battery inch mark guns triple gun turrets superfiring pair forward aft superstructure secondary battery consisted inch dual purpose guns twin turrets placed centerline superfiring main battery turrets fore aft remaining turrets placed corners superstructure light anti aircraft battery consisted mounted guns single mounted guns pair gun directors aided main battery directors controlled inch guns director aided guns main armored belt thick gun turrets thick faces main armored deck thick guam laid february new_york corporation new_jersey launched november commissioned september received operational october service history guam left philadelphia january completing cruise trinidad proceeded panama canal join united_states pacific fleet pearl harbor reached february secretary navy james visited ship march departed hawaii joined sister alaska march shortly guam rest task force main strike force navy command admiral arthur departed raid mainland japanese islands task force arrived japan morning march quickly attacked japanese bombers guam detached unit escort badly damaged carrier franklin port lasted march guam returned task force assigned cruiser division task group steamed okinawa night march guam rest cruiser division bombarded airfield concluding bombardment guam returned carrier screen conducted operations ship steamed periodic maintenance ammunition supplies returned okinawa assigned task group william fleet continued provide anti aircraft defense carriers launched fighter sweeps guam alaska bombarded hour half june steamed san bay gulf arriving june returning okinawa july guam assigned cruiser task force served flagship sister alaska command rear admiral francis low july guam alaska conducted sweep east china yellow seas sink japanese shipping limited success returned fleet july joined major raid included battleships escort carriers estuary river shanghai operation met limited success returned okinawa august shortly returning okinawa guam flagship north china force commanded rear admiral low unit tasked showing flag region including ports port arthur post war september guam entered korea assist occupation country left november bound san_francisco carrying group army soldiers united_states arrived port december departed days later new_jersey arriving 17th remained decommissioned february assigned atlantic reserve fleet remained stricken navy list june sold boston metals company baltimore towed july guam served months active duty course career received battle stars service world war awards american campaign medal pacific campaign medal battle stars world war victory medal navy occupation service medal asia china service medal


uss freedom uss freedom cargo transport ship united_states_navy world war originally north german lloyd line ship served freedom seized united_states built germany bremen new_york service line service north german lloyd sister ship march lengthened cargo capacity found lacking later year transports carry german empire troops nation alliance intended boxer rebellion china august start world war ship interned boston neutral united_states entered conflict april seized turned united_states shipping board renamed ship chartered united_states_army cargo ship refit renamed freedom january ship commissioned united_states_navy carried troops home europe september held reserve transport duty ship laid years scrapped built hamburg north german lloyd line freight service bremen new_york launched february named duke sister ship twin screw built north german lloyd new liner sailed maiden voyage new_jersey april sister ship quickly found cargo space plans vessels lengthened bridge moved forward cargo hatch installed ship cut parts forward bridge new position new meter section inserted greatly increased cargo capacity sources disagree procedure performed reporting performed yard germany claims drydock newcastle work performed completed march july sailed frankfurt initial transport ships depart troops germany contribution nation alliance intended boxer rebellion china remained naval service transport hospital ship late october naval service ended sailed variously baltimore maryland galveston texas montreal ports south_america sea headed montreal united_kingdom declared war german empire instead headed boston safety neutral united_states steamer carrying cargo lead coal tar products reportedly worth slipped past british cruiser essex dense fog near island wireless operator calculated ship passed fewer nautical miles essex steamer interned canadian bound passengers class allowed remain united_states greeted canadian commissioner immigration stationed boston joined boston sister ship north german lloyd line mates hamburg america line cincinnati line freighter march moved waterfront piers anchorage harbor boston navy yard daily neutrality duty united_states_coast_guard harbor kept eye ships crew members ships eventually went ashore processed immigration found employment contingent musicians vessels toured new_england frequently playing department stores restaurants drawing local musicians union declared war germany interned ships seized april handed united_states shipping board united_states service world war seizure liner chartered united_states_army changed time freedom january freedom acquired united_states_navy commissioned day lieutenant command freedom assigned cruiser transport force overhaul new_york sailed voyage saint france embarked troops return united_states cargo ship france brest visit norfolk virginia trips returned total troops france arrived september assigned duty 3rd naval district freedom decommissioned new_york september returned day veteran ship transferred united_states_army transport reserve laid years february freedom arrived baltimore scrapping


uss uss single class monitor built union navy american_civil_war vessel assigned james river flotilla north_atlantic blockading squadron completion september ship spent time stationed james river support operations richmond defend sorties confederate ironclads james river squadron engaged confederate artillery batteries year later participated attacks fort fisher defending approaches wilmington north_carolina december january returned james river capture fort fisher remained richmond virginia occupied early april days later monitor transferred washington decommissioned june recommissioned early service east_coast caribbean generally remained active permanently placed reserve sold scrap description construction ship feet long overall beam feet inches maximum draft feet inches tons displaced long tons crew consisted officers enlisted men powered cylinder horizontal steam engine drove propeller steam generated horizontal fire tube boilers indicated horsepower engine gave ship speed knots mph carried long tons coal main armament consisted muzzle loading inch guns mounted single gun turret gun weighed approximately pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation exposed sides hull protected layers inch wrought iron plates backed wood armor gun turret pilot house consisted layers inch plates ship deck protected armor inches thick inch soft iron band fitted base turret prevent shells fragments turret happened earlier monitors battle charleston harbor april base funnel protected height feet inches armor rifle screen inch armor feet high installed turret protect crew confederate based suggestion commander captain sister ship contract named lake new_york awarded ship laid primary joseph jersey city new_jersey shipyard launched commissioned september commander william parker command ship construction delayed multiple changes ordered built reflected battle experience earlier monitors included rebuilding turrets pilot houses increase armor thickness inches inches replace bolts secured armor plates prevent knocked loose shock impact shells striking turret changes included deepening hull inches increase ship moving position turret balance ship trim replacing ship deck armor ship ultimately cost total builder appealed additional costs caused government delays changes case dismissed march modifications known ship completion service fitting brooklyn navy yard october towed departed roads virginia arrived october ship arrived city point virginia november service james river flotilla engaged confederate artillery battery farm december sisters hit times lightly damaged fired shells return effect confederate forces escorted cuba commanded lieutenant commander potter ordered december steam south_carolina prepare bombardment fort fisher december plagued steering problems bombardment began ship open fire late day battle fired shells hit received day damaged steering gear participated second day battle damaged butler ordered men embarked transports december monitor towed fort jackson towed fort jackson command lieutenant commander arrived fort fisher january double monitor armored frigate new bombarded fort days captured union troops second shot beginning battle inch guns burst muzzle despite loss gun ship fired shells fort hit times return suffered damage casualties transferred south atlantic blockading squadron ordered charleston south_carolina january towed ship remained picket duty march returned chesapeake_bay rejoined north_atlantic blockading squadron contributed boats clearing james river torpedoes confederate ships scuttled night april richmond occupied april ordered report washington navy yard decommissioned june laid recommissioned january served east_coast renamed june resumed original august ship placed reserve march roads recommissioned november ship based key west florida transferred port royal south_carolina transferred norfolk virginia july moored virginia city point placed ordinary richmond ship transferred league island philadelphia struck navy list january sold march


uss uss class destroyer united_states_navy world war later redesignated world war navy ship named launched remained convoy duty final months world war operated atlantic years decommissioned returning service high speed troop transport dispatched support campaign early world war unloading supplies island august attacked aircraft empire japan sunk loss men design construction class destroyers built united_states_navy sisters constructed fore river shipyard shipyards massachusetts specifications detail designs drawn steel standard displacement tonnes long tons short tons overall length feet inches beam feet inches draught feet inches trials reached speed knots mph armed inch caliber guns inch torpedo tubes regular crew complement officers enlisted men driven curtis steam turbines powered yarrow boilers performance known group class destroyers designed steel built different design liberty type destroyers constructed detail designs drawn bath iron works parsons turbines liberty type destroyers deteriorated badly service group retired navy actual performance ships far intended specifications especially fuel economy able nautical miles knots mph instead design standard nautical miles knots mph class suffered problems turning weight commissioned navy named second class destroyer commissioned service history launched february fore river shipyard sponsored helen daughter ross commissioned june command commander reporting united_states atlantic fleet assigned convoy escort new_york_city ports europe escorting ships carrying troops supplies supporting world war june september november reported new london connecticut assist tests sound equipment development time january rushed assist troop transport northern pacific run aground fire island new_york assisted transporting troops ship returning europe destination port new_jersey december placed reduced commission philadelphia navy yard underwent overhaul norfolk navy yard remained assigned atlantic fleet reserve status based charleston south_carolina took sporadic fleet exercises large maneuvers taking cruises caribbean east_coast returned philadelphia naval yard decommissioned june towed norfolk navy yard june began conversion high speed transport recommissioned fleet december received hull classification symbol following underwent year training exercises norfolk caribbean attack pearl harbor entry world war world war war underway sailed pacific join pacific fleet joined transport squadron based pearl harbor began conducting anti submarine warfare exercises time arrived new july shortage combat ships beginning war served dual role high speed transport anti submarine warfare vessel role began preparations invasion solomon islands august carried units 1st marine battalion initial assault landings began campaign continued serve transport vessel support invasion morning august ported point stores marine_corps garrison exited harbor undertake anti submarine patrols air raid issued moved sea second alert received shortly spotted formation japanese aircraft approaching sun cover japanese aircraft clouds cover dove released bombs nearby striking platform nearby boat bomb blew forward blocking engine room starting fire diesel oil boat attempted return fire anti aircraft batteries japanese aircraft remained obscured clouds second dive launched bombs starboard knocking foremast blowing millimetres inches gun ship oil cooler pump engine room blown bulkhead forward engine room bombs scored direct hits deck house killing men order given abandon ship tank arrived quickly assist taking survivors sank men killed wounded sinking stricken naval vessel register september received battle star service world war


west west diesel powered cargo ship united_states maritime commission fleet old ships sunk utah beach normandy invasion ship originally built west steam powered cargo ship built united_states shipping board predecessor time completion ship inspected united_states_navy possible use uss west taken navy commissioned west built west boats series steel cargo ships built west_coast united_states world war war effort 28th ship built los_angeles dry dock company san california west outfitted diesel engines replaced original steam engines pilot program conversion sailed new_york australia route second trip australia august march diesel ship globe began sailing world cargo service pacific_coast south_africa late 1930s laid reactivated merchant service prior world war sailed australia new_zealand united_states entry world war service united_kingdom time march sailed united_states final time incorporated fleet old ships scuttled june utah beach normandy invasion voyage earned west battle star design construction west ships cargo ships similar size design built shipyards west_coast united_states united_states shipping board emergency use world war given names began word west like west west ships built los_angeles dry dock company los_angeles west los_angeles yard number completed december west gross register tons grt feet inch long perpendiculars feet inches steel hull sources west hull characteristics west sister ship built los_angeles displacement mean draft feet inches hold feet inches deep west power plant single triple expansion steam engine drove single screw propeller moved ship knots early career west inspected united_states_navy completion possible use service assigned identification number commissioned known uss west navy took ship commissioned destinations cargo west years service largely sources ship pilot program replace steam engines seven owned ships diesel engines west horsepower engine reported washington_post largest american diesel equipment time built installed fore river shipyard near boston associated_press news item reported ship conversion extended ship cruising radius nautical miles nautical miles lower cost operation annually sea trials complete west sailed savannah georgia began carrying cotton port bremen january established atlantic australian line diesel new_york australia service assigned west company ships service operated roosevelt steamship company conjunction line american india line sailed east new_york suez_canal indian_ocean australia route february west sailed maiden voyage new service sydney arrived april august began second voyage sydney instead route return continued eastward world according new_york_times diesel ship globe return new_york march reception held island pier docked roosevelt steamship company announced plans west continue world service making year south african service february west chartered new pacific south_africa line world venture management moore company pacific south_africa line service world diesel world service described los_angeles_times sailed los_angeles south_africa straits indian_ocean japan china pacific san_francisco los_angeles west voyage south african service planned november arrival new_york begin service discovered cracks engine cylinder head west way san_francisco parts fabricated repair kept service march west departed long delayed maiden voyage pacific south_africa line mid march began second voyage line late october west service continued early march year west collided steamer lower columbia river near oregon ships suffered damage needed assistance reach portland west finished undergoing general repairs drydock portland prior collision caused damages filed suit portland steamship company cost repairs completed mid march mid june charters vessels sailing pacific south_africa west west crown city cancelled end ship voyage progress ships returned time announcement west south african waters los_angeles_times reported british ships lumber british_columbia major cargo carried line responsible termination known west completed final trip late june shown south_africa notice new_york_times mention west disappears contemporary news accounts west laid reserve fleet james river world war june united_states maritime commission opened bidding laid cargo ships included west according los_angeles_times successor forced act critical shortage navy auxiliary ships maryland drydock company baltimore low west offering november complete west sailed new_york panama canal week departure headed brisbane australia arrived december calling sydney melbourne port adelaide january west called melbourne sydney departing united_states january loaded cargo wool intended uniforms blankets military west arrived new massachusetts march late march mid august west identical australian circuit adding stop australian immediately return boston began trip australia arrived brisbane october stops sydney melbourne sydney round trip new sailed wellington new_zealand arrived december days japanese attack pearl harbor propelled united_states world war west departed wellington december arrived boston february boston sailed new_york philadelphia sailing new_york april west experienced unspecified trouble towed baltimore june spending weeks port headed cape_town trinidad departed cape_town august sailed months making round trip calcutta late november late december west arrived wellington january sailing new_york panama canal days later west took load grain proceeded convoy boston halifax early belfast making circuit haven west sailed belfast new_york june additional beginning late august carrying cargo explosives trip returning late october west sailed november new_york cuba returned key west florida late december sailing caribbean february visited bay february return new_york point month west arrived boston final voyage crew know time west selected allied invasion france planning stages dispatched boston like west loaded tons sand cement final departures west sailed boston march convoy halifax convoy cardiff book west chief engineer reports ship cargo discharged ship suddenly boarded shipyard workers cut holes strategic places positioned mysterious packs hull crew suspected correctly packs explosives ship prepared sinking specific mention occurring west selected normandy existing weapons moved higher ship supplemented additional guns recounts shipyard workers departed crew told pack personal belongings change clothes sent ashore issued rations special life survival equipment west departed cardiff april arrived fleet group ships sunk form shallow water artificial landing craft reports ship crew told mission preserve secrecy permitted leave ships spending weeks called longest tedious weeks life west finally moved sailing south irish sea west convoy sailed night june day day landings consisted author called north_atlantic shipping pool relates ships crossed english channel cover darkness stripped unnecessary equipment carried radios having signal lamp spare communication midnight june slow voyage channel german airplane hit west skip bombs ship prepared fast sinking duties began taking water large portion crew including chief engineer abandoned ship drifting channel rest night picked morning british returned meantime master ship able west convoy headed utah beach designated location ships positioned scuttled days heavy german artillery fire naval armed manned guns ships protect frequent german air attacks harbor pilots half new_york bar pilots association according source carefully positioned ships west sunk june yards beach continued serve platform manned navy gun crews june army crews date west naval gunners awarded battle star participation normandy landings


uss uss lead ship united_states_navy class destroyers ship named rear admiral alfred 19th century naval historian strategic theorist design major advances traditional destroyers set quadruple torpedo tubes protective gun shelters emergency diesel generators steam propulsion system simpler efficient operate began service assigned atlantic fleet transferred pearl harbor japanese attacked pearl harbor december sea task force mission midway island aborted participate post attack search enemy strike force unable locate task force returned pearl harbor early world war took raids marshall gilbert islands battle santa islands chester william commended destroyer group member stellar effort screening aircraft carriers enterprise heavy odds new_guinea campaign northeast coast japanese engaged amphibious landings participated landings bay near cape gloucester new britain provided support troop landing los island admiralty islands late pacific war japanese plagued naval operations december group suicide aircraft overwhelmed disabled bay philippine islands fire exploding ship abandoned destroyer sank torpedoes gunfire characteristics displaced long tons standard load long tons deep load ship overall length feet inches beam feet inches draft feet inches powered general_electric geared steam turbines developed total shaft horsepower maximum speed knots mph foster water tube boilers generated steam needed turbines carried maximum long tons fuel oil range nautical miles knots mph peacetime complement officers enlisted men wartime complement increased approximately officers enlisted men foremast pole mainmast improve anti aircraft field fire foremast constructed nautical rigging silhouette ship similar larger porter class immediately preceded fitted emergency diesel generators replacing storage batteries earlier destroyers gun crew shelters built fore aft superimposed weapons quadruple set torpedo tubes added mount centerline positions required relocating inch caliber gun aft incorporated new generation land based steam propulsion machinery boiler pressures increasing psi pounds square inch high pressure turbines double reduction gears ran faster efficient predecessors armament main battery consisted inch caliber guns equipped mark ship gun fire control system gun dual purpose surface aerial targets anti aircraft battery originally water cooled caliber machine guns ship fitted quadruple torpedo tube mounts inch torpedoes guided mark torpedo fire control system depth charge roll racks rigged stern ship early class destroyers began wartime armament process class fully refitted refitted june mare island naval shipyard notable class included removal inch gun typically replaced twin guns guns construction service built united dry docks successor dry dock repair company island new_york keel laid june launched october sponsored admiral great granddaughter ship commissioned september commander command ship departed caribbean south american ports months commission combining initial training cruise goodwill tour remained atlantic july headed southern_california coast fleet training steaming new station pearl harbor rising tension japan united_states stretched japan invasion incident japan continued aggression second sino japanese war invading french united_states european powers responded iron oil imports heightened tension japanese decided attack western powers asia beginning surprise attack american naval base pearl harbor japanese struck pearl harbor december sea aircraft carrier lexington cruisers destroyers task force lexington mission ferry marine aircraft reinforce midway island news attack pearl harbor task force commander received orders terminate ferry mission search japanese strike force unable locate task force returned pearl harbor december sea late december marines reinforce detachment island nautical miles miles west hawaii evacuated civilians hawaii following month convoy assignment took joined task force including carrier cruisers destroyers task force carried raids marshall islands gilbert islands moved island late february temporarily assigned offshore patrol duty early april sea convoy bound san california ship steamed north mare island naval shipyard overhaul docking april operating waters pearl harbor august mid october steamed pearl harbor task force carrier enterprise battleship south cruisers seven destroyers october joined task force included carrier cruisers destroyers carrier groups formed task force command rear admiral thomas ordered santa islands strike japanese moved task force anchored islands morning october enterprise search planes spotted enemy carrier force dropped pound bombs japanese aircraft carrier setting battle santa islands motion subsided navy lost aircraft carrier destroyer enterprise south cruiser destroyer damaged japanese lost aircraft ship casualties lower expressed satisfaction force battle heavy odds destroyers enterprise screens commended stellar effort route new october japanese submarine contact caused american ships action confusion battleship south collided ships seriously damaged commander simpson captain time having taken command early temporary repairs headed pearl harbor new bow fully repaired left pearl harbor january south pacific subsequent months escorted convoys new fiji islands performed patrol assignments new engaged operations australian waters august base operations bay new_guinea new_guinea staging area advance gain possession japanese held northeast coast new_guinea operation began august plans strike new_guinea weeks earlier lieutenant commander james smith destroyers cleared approaches waters bombarding japanese installations early september task force rear admiral daniel left bay australian troops evening september troop landing completed september allied control taken september destroyers provided cover amphibious landings defeated japanese pulled americans australians chose site offensive september assault force left escorted destroyers including stopped pick australian infantry brigade additional destroyers attached force preceding convoy rendezvous point september daylight amphibious force stormed beach noon troops ashore destroyers began withdraw area japanese torpedo planes winged water targeting destroyers ships returned fire shooting planes remaining escaped ended hits enemy planes october hands allies december amphibious force led mustered new_guinea preparation landing new britain bombardment group composed destroyers setting sail 14th force dropped anchor early morning sister ships bombarded japanese shore defenses main landing point guns fired rockets sent japanese retreat mid morning secured christmas found steaming amphibious force bay near cape gloucester new britain entrance bay risky waters picked sound channel mark way moved channel laying wake force way passage morning 26th marines landed beach unopposed japanese struck later afternoon americans late february action seventh fleet supporting troop landing los island admiralty islands supporting ships came heavy fire troops ashore weeks later japanese force los defeated early extended wartime duty pacific veteran destroyer ordered california overhaul moored mare island naval shipyard left yard early july pearl harbor participating exercises august returned new_guinea october guam escorting convoys end november performing anti submarine patrol philippines sinking november bad weather hostile terrain ground campaign seize japanese chief japanese ability reinforce resupply headquarters city west americans inability counter advantage decision amphibious attack morning december years day japanese attack pearl harbor troops infantry division landed south city time patrolling channel island amphibious strike infantry met little opposition japanese bombers escort fighters brown wrote observers record unusual devastating assaults japanese aircraft torpedo launching tactics hit switched attacks diving assault army fighters downed japanese aircraft damaged shot took direct hits david observed war wind direct hit superstructure near gun exploding flames turned commander campbell picket line hope save issuing order abandon ship destroyers rescued survivors officer men missing thirteen seriously wounded including burns destroyer sank torpedoes gunfire captain praised performance crew ordeal described response disciplined courageous honors received battle stars world war service


uss new_york uss new_york united_states_navy battleship lead ship class named new_york state designed ship carry inch caliber gun entering service navy force sent reinforce british grand_fleet north_sea near end world war time involved incidents german boats believed ship sunk war accidental collision october following war sent training exercises cruises atlantic pacific saw increase armament aircraft handling armor entered neutrality patrol beginning world war served convoy escort ships iceland great_britain early phase war saw combat coastal artillery operation torch north_africa later training ship late war moved pacific provided naval gunfire support invasion later invasion okinawa returning pearl harbor repairs end war determined obsolete chosen operation crossroads nuclear weapon tests bikini survived explosions effects radiation ship studied years eventually sunk target received battle stars service design construction new_york planned new_york class battleships construction began sister texas ordered fiscal year class battleship united_states_navy carry inch caliber gun standard displacement long tons load displacement long tons length overall waterline beam draft powered boilers driving dual acting vertical triple expansion steam engines shp maximum speed mph range nautical miles mph armor new_york consisted belt thick lower armor upper armor deck armor thick turret armor face inches sides rear armor barbettes inches conning tower protected inches armor inches armor armament consisted inch caliber guns double mounts designated constructed turrets elevation degrees increased degrees overhaul class feature turret mounted amidships built carried inch caliber guns primarily defense destroyers torpedo boats inch guns poor accuracy rough seas open casemates mounted hull inch armament reduced guns removal useful positions near ends ship ship designed anti aircraft defense mind inch caliber guns added inch torpedo tubes port bow stern starboard bow stern bliss mark torpedo torpedo rooms held torpedoes total plus naval defense crew consisted officers enlisted men new_york laid september new_york navy yard brooklyn new_york class constructed new labor laws limited working hours construction crews stipulated ship cost excluding cost armor armament launched october commissioned fifth ship named new_york state sponsored daughter new_york politician william fourth new_york armored cruiser renamed rochester later scuttled bay wreck site ship popular recreational dive site commonly referred uss new_york service history command captain thomas new_york headed straight veracruz following commissioning designated flagship rear admiral frank friday july commanding fleet occupying blockading veracruz prevent arms shipments arriving support government united_states occupation veracruz ultimately ended new_york resumed cruise east_coast united_states undertook goodwill duties december held high profile christmas party dinner new_york_city suggestion crew later tradition ship help possible earning nickname christmas ship following duty undertook number training exercises atlantic coast world war following united_states entry world war new_york command captain edward beach flagship battleship division commanded rear admiral hugh sent reinforce british grand_fleet north_sea arriving scapa_flow december ships fleet assigned 6th battle squadron grand_fleet american ships joined blockade escort december new_york battleships took gunnery exercises new_york scored highest score ships main battery accuracy percent ultimately new_york best performer exercises ship rated excellent sisters received mediocre performance reviews fire shots war occasions convoy escorting came attack german boats evening october new_york led group battleships violent underwater collision starboard followed shortly stern broke blades propellers reducing ship engine speed mph immediately clear men board struck underwater object depth channel meant commanders concluded new_york accidentally collided submerged boat agreed submarine rammed bow ship struck moments later ship propeller opinion damage fatal german craft postwar examination german records revealed submarine lost strange accidental encounter marked time battleship division service grand_fleet ships sank german vessel badly damaged loss propeller ship sailed heavy escort repairs october morning boat launched torpedoes damaged vessel passed ahead unlike previous cases sufficient evidence existed suppose torpedo attack false alarm number officers men aboard new_york clearly saw wakes torpedoes submarine spotted immediate vicinity patrol shortly attack ironically battleship wounded condition possibly saved standard procedure steam mph new_york mph propeller historian jerry jones believes boat captain ship speed damage battleship able safely arrive drydock lifted clear water large submarine bow found hull new_york frequently host foreign dignitaries including king george edward viii united_kingdom prince empire japan ship great interest european powers cases chance american dreadnought close hand surrender german high_seas_fleet november forth days signing armistice returned united_states briefly served escort george_washington carrying president wilson trip united_states brest france route versailles peace conference interwar period arriving united_states began undertake training patrol duties including point caribbean number ships year saw refit norfolk navy yard inch guns removed additional inch caliber guns added bringing total secondary battery reduced sixteen inch caliber guns late sailed pacific_ocean joined newly formed united_states pacific fleet continued conduct training patrol duties pacific mid-1930s transferred atlantic began operating north_atlantic exception occasional trips west_coast united_states new_york considered obsolete compared battleships service steamed norfolk navy yard complete refit battleships service including utah florida converted training ships scrapped new_york texas chosen overhauled increase speed armor armament propulsion systems allowed washington naval treaty additional long tons added defense aerial targets submarines number inch guns increased inch guns relocated new casemates main deck torpedo tubes removed time coal fired boilers replaced bureau express oil fired boilers twin funnels aft forward superstructure fitted place masts atop forward control tower installed tower built amidships contained additional fire control backup system foremast new aircraft catapult installed atop turret number cranes installed funnel boat aircraft handling additional deck protection added beam widened fitted anti torpedo maneuvering harder low speeds rolled badly gunfire accuracy reduced rough seas september left short range battle drills arizona november ships traveled san_francisco pennsylvania april undertook anti aircraft practice arizona ships pennsylvania steamed cuba stayed steaming roads remained pacific fleet training series fleet problems year selected carry admiral hugh president personal representative coronation king george queen elizabeth new_york took grand naval review sole navy representative inch caliber guns quadruple mounts added improve light armament new_york fitted radar february including united_states single antenna send receive second ship outfitted radar destroyer tests conducted new_york led similar radars installed brooklyn class louis class cruisers newer battleship west_virginia years served primarily training ship newly enlisted sailors september new_york joined neutrality patrol sea lanes north_atlantic served atlantic squadron later redesignated united_states atlantic fleet months july protected convoy troops moving garrison iceland saw modernization main battery elevation increased degrees midst refit december imperial_japanese_navy attacked pearl harbor sinking battleships pacific fleet bringing united_states world war world war outbreak war new_york overhaul sped completed weeks attack pearl harbor returned duty escorting cargo troop ships iceland scotland continued patrol duty year series escorts left norfolk february arrived new_york february nova_scotia february iceland march returning norfolk march left second patrol april arrived new_york day nova_scotia newfoundland iceland returning new_york day left escort arriving nova_scotia june scotland june returning norfolk june following escort missions overhaul norfolk secondary battery reduced inch guns anti aircraft armament increased inch caliber guns guns quadruple mounts cannons departed norfolk august arrived day new_york escorted convoy nova_scotia remained august departed scotland august september returned norfolk september new_york saw major action operation torch allied invasion north_africa november left norfolk october order join allied fleet attached southern attack group november new_york cruiser philadelphia screened destroyers attacked harbor morocco supporting landings 9th infantry division 47th infantry regiment defended transports cole came attack millimeter shore batteries point tour new_york fired inch guns striking base battery bunker destroying range killing battery commander battery shore batteries destroyed philadelphia guns aircraft escort carrier new_york remained station port secure steamed north support center group specifically deal threat french battleship jean time arrived battleship disabled massachusetts french ships driven brooklyn new_york remained coast north_africa beaches secure retired november expended total inch rounds returned norfolk november new_york returned convoy patrol escorted convoys united_states late leaving norfolk november new_york november december december norfolk january left norfolk second escort february new_york february march march new_york april selected refit main battery escort training center arrived portland maine remained july fourth final refit early anti aircraft battery increased inch caliber guns thirty guns improved fire control added ultimately increased displacement long tons standard long tons load returned norfolk august train crews navy coast guard allied navies inch caliber gun inch caliber gun guns primarily newer ships weapons july june enlisted men officers trained capacity duty lowered morale crew large number requests transfer following duty sent naval academy undertook consecutive cruises total cadets trinidad june august pacific theater selected return action pacific theater late panama canal november arrived long beach california december breaking way losing observation plane bad weather conducted training southern_california december january new_york departed january idaho tennessee nevada texas arkansas forming support force invasion new_york lost blade port screw invasion began briefly temporary repairs february returned group near february arrived february began pre invasion bombardment days shore bombardment followed new_york expended rounds including inch rounds struck primary ammunition dump island causing spectacular secondary explosion campaign retired area february arrived february permanent repair port propeller february march rejoined task force march preparation invasion okinawa joined maryland colorado west_virginia fleet battleships began bombardment okinawa march providing shore bombardment later naval artillery support ground forces new_york station consecutive days expended rounds inch ammunition rounds inch ammunition subjected attack april destroyed spotting plane catapult japanese aircraft crashed ship new_york received superficial damage suffering men injured detached june gun barrels having worn fire proceeded pearl harbor guns preparation invasion mainland japan stopped june arrived pearl harbor july harbor august end war world war new_york spent days atlantic fleet december november days pacific fleet expended total rounds types totaling short tons traveled spent days underway consumed gal imp gal fuel oil post war following end war new_york entered operation magic carpet fleet leaving pearl harbor september arriving san september load veterans embarked proceeded new_york_city navy day celebrations selected test ship operation crossroads bomb tests bikini july ships surviving able baker nuclear tests following tests towed pearl harbor study effects bomb july towed sea target practice sunk naval aircraft ships received battle stars wartime service fiction bell adventure spy scott year spy american battleship development new_york known hull secret advanced design dreadnought built novel


uss uss destroyer brien class destroyer built united_states_navy prior american entry world war ship second navy vessel named honor john swedish born builder ironclad warship uss monitor american_civil_war laid new_york new_jersey november launched august following year ship little feet length feet standard displacement long tons armed inch guns inch torpedo tubes powered pair steam turbines propelled knots commissioning sailed east_coast caribbean seventeen destroyers sent rescue survivors victims german submarine october carried passengers sunken british ocean liner newport rhode_island united_states entered world war april destroyer squadron sent overseas patrolling irish sea ireland unsuccessful attacks boats rescued survivors ships sunk german craft returning united state war conducted operations destroyers atlantic fleet august placed reserve commission brief stint operations mid placed reserve decommissioned philadelphia june june transferred united_states_coast_guard help enforce prohibition patrol operated returned navy sold scrap august design construction authorized march sixth final ship brien class improved version class destroyers authorized construction vessel awarded new_york new_jersey laid keel november months later august launched sponsor washington wife pennsylvania congressman ship named honor john builder ironclad warship uss monitor american_civil_war second navy ship named swedish native built destroyer feet inches length feet inch drew feet inches ship standard displacement long tons displaced long tons fully loaded steam turbines drove screw propellers additional triple expansion steam engine connected propeller shafts cruising purposes oil burning white boilers powered engines generate shaft horsepower moving ship knots main battery consisted inch mark guns gun weighing excess pounds guns fired pound armor piercing projectiles feet second elevation guns range yards equipped inch torpedo tubes general board united_states_navy called anti aircraft guns brien class ships provisions laying floating mines sources unclear recommendations followed ships class early career uss commissioned united_states_navy august command lieutenant commander october december operated new_york newport rhode_island drills training neutrality patrol torpedo flotilla atlantic fleet sailed january maneuvers caribbean key west bay bases returned newport sunday october wireless reports came german submarine stopping ships near eastern end long_island british steamer west_point received rear admiral albert ordered destroyers newport attend survivors fourth seventeen destroyers underway destroyers arrived scene boat command rose fired shots bow holland america line cargo ship signaling stop shortly stopped british passenger ship rose ships sunk earlier day gave passengers crew aboard adequate time abandon ships destroyers taking passengers witnessed sinking total survivors victims rescued destroyer flotilla transported including women children newport arrived october finishing rest newport joined exercises caribbean months returned new_york_city newport prepare distant service world war united_states declared war germany april entering world war prepared overseas duty sailed boston tucker jacob jones ireland arrived began patrol duty war zone came surfaced boat sailing ships opened fire forcing submarine preventing attack picked survivors sailing ships continued patrol escort duty september night sighted surfaced submarine fired dropped depth charges carry plan ram german boat lost contact darkness continued sail patrol escorting convoys times attacking submarines standing damaged ships rescuing survivors june based brest france summer usually sailed nautical miles ahead convoys aloft balloon observation close war overhauled liverpool returned brest time december welcoming honors rendered president wilson arriving france transport george_washington december departed united_states arriving new_york january postwar sailed azores observe support historic aerial crossing atlantic navy exercises east_coast caribbean entered new_york navy yard repairs placed reserve commission august laid reduced commission philadelphia charleston south_carolina years followed sea summer drills exercises took newport decommissioned philadelphia june united_states_coast_guard career january prohibition instituted law united_states soon smuggling alcoholic coastlines united_states widespread blatant treasury department eventually determined united_states_coast_guard simply ships constitute successful patrol cope problem president authorized transfer navy coast guard old destroyers reserve commission activated acquired coast guard june designated commissioned joined patrol aid attempt enforce prohibition laws april captured runner time coast guard gunners awarded gunnery trophy destroyers decommissioned philadelphia navy yard april returned navy scrapped salvaged material sold august accordance london naval treaty


uss south_carolina uss south_carolina lead ship class dreadnought battleships fourth ship united_states_navy named honor eighth state american dreadnought incorporate turbine propulsion like hms dreadnought south_carolina design included revolutionary aspects primarily superfiring arrangement main battery ship laid december launched july commissioned atlantic fleet march south_carolina spent career atlantic caribbean patrolling eastern coast united_states trips europe participated visit german cruiser squadron frequently patrolled coast mexico protect american interests mexican revolution april took united_states occupation veracruz united_states entered world war april south_carolina trained sailors rapidly expanding wartime navy late assigned convoy escort duty accident propellers september kept active service remainder conflict trips bring american soldiers europe training cruises followed washington naval treaty cut career short broken scrap arms limitation treaty starting design south_carolina long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons combat load ship powered shaft vertical triple expansion engines rated ihp coal fired boilers generating speed mph ship cruising range nmi speed mph crew officers men ship armed main battery inch caliber mark guns twin gun turrets centerline placed superfiring pairs forward aft secondary battery consisted inch guns mounted casemates hull standard capital ships period carried pair inch torpedo tubes submerged hull broadside main armored belt thick magazines machinery spaces armored deck thick gun turrets inch thick faces supporting barbettes inch thick armor plating inch thick armor protected guns conning tower inch thick sides service history keel south_carolina laid william sons shipyard philadelphia december completed hull launched july daughter governor ship namesake state martin christened ship fitting work completed end february commissioned fleet march assigned atlantic fleet days commissioning ship steamed philadelphia cruise took ship caribbean_sea included stops danish west_indies cuba returning united_states visit charleston namesake state lasted april sea trials followed conducted virginia outside massachusetts south_carolina visited new_york_city june reception president roosevelt ship spent rest year conducting fleet training naval militia receiving repairs norfolk virginia november south_carolina left united_states trip europe 2nd battleship division tour division stopped portland ships arrived norfolk january south_carolina entered shipyard maintenance returned fleet conducted battle training coast new_england ship short stop new_york_city joining 2nd battleship division tour europe trip included stops copenhagen stockholm way south_carolina stopped kiel german kaiser hosting annual kiel week sailing south_carolina arrived july continued chesapeake_bay conducted battle practice late south_carolina present naval review new_york_city conducting training exercises 1st squadron newport rhode_island ship steamed south january training exercises bay cuba returning norfolk march cruised east_coast united_states march late june month participated reception visit german battlecruiser sms light cruisers bremen stettin new_york june south_carolina returned norfolk overhaul early october ship steamed new_york visit lasted october half november spent conducting training exercises new_england virginia steamed south special service division tour caribbean stops included pensacola new_orleans galveston veracruz unrest caribbean world war south_carolina norfolk december remained january departed trip south time panama entrance recently completed panama canal ship took maneuvers bay returning norfolk march cruise east_coast united_states followed included stop new_york uss maine national monument dedicated ship briefly trained naval academy june departing end month mexico cruised veracruz protect american interests mexican civil war returned norfolk overhaul september lasted january south_carolina took training exercises island january ship sent contingent marines ashore port prince haiti secure american embassy period unrest country set radio station left city april tensions following election president south_carolina key west continuing veracruz took occupation city ship left veracruz july spent months cruising dominican_republic haiti monitor political situations neighboring countries returned norfolk september time world war broken europe united_states initially remained neutral october ship went philadelphia overhaul lasted february steamed cuba routine peacetime training maneuvers time tensions united_states germany high sinking passenger ship boat germans agreed suspend submarine warfare campaign years followed pattern training exercises cuba quarter year followed maneuvers newport periodic maintenance end year philadelphia april united_states declared war germany resumption submarine campaign earlier year south_carolina continued cruise east_coast united_states august starting september south_carolina pre dreadnoughts atlantic fleet began escorting convoys france september departed pre dreadnoughts kansas new_hampshire protect fast convoy september battleships left convoy atlantic steamed united_states escorts brought convoy port 17th south_carolina lost starboard propeller forced reduce speed mph port shaft september port engine stopped throttle valve broke got underway temporarily auxiliary throttle severe vibration forced stop hours main throttle fixed days later ships reached united_states south_carolina way philadelphia repairs south_carolina returned service participated gunnery training continued germany signed armistice november ended fighting europe mid february south_carolina began round trips united_states brest france bring american soldiers europe course concluded late july ship carried soldiers home went norfolk navy yard lengthy overhaul later career returning service ship took contingent training cruise pacific june south_carolina began voyage crossing pacific panama canal stopped hawaii continuing west_coast united_states visits seattle san_francisco san_diego left port august arrived september went philadelphia remained seven months south_carolina returned sea early april training island followed exercises chesapeake_bay training cruise began time europe ports included norway lisbon portugal returned bay august proceeding philadelphia day years immediately following end great war united_states britain japan launched huge naval construction programs countries decided new naval arms race ill advised convened washington naval conference discuss arms limitations produced washington naval treaty signed february terms article treaty south_carolina sister michigan scrapped ship decommissioned december formally stricken naval vessel register november sold scrap april subsequently dismantled ship silver service commissioned state south_carolina presented april south_carolina withdrawn service service given south_carolina chapter daughters american revolution display old exchange following outbreak world war service hidden basement old exchange retrieved sent south_carolina governor mansion currently display


uss second uss class destroyer united_states_navy named captain built saw patrol duty east_coast united_states interwar era decommissioned years returned duty outset world war spent war convoy patrol duty caribbean patrol struck torpedo fired german submarine blew forward feet fitted temporary measures steamed philadelphia naval yard fitted forward section sister ship uss taylor spent rest war convoy patrol duty sold scrap design construction class destroyers built united_states_navy sisters constructed william sons shipyards philadelphia specifications detail designs drawn bath iron works standard displacement tonnes long tons short tons overall length feet inches beam feet inches draught feet trials reached speed knots mph armed caliber guns caliber gun inch torpedo tubes regular crew complement officers enlisted men driven curtis steam turbines powered yarrow boilers performance known group class destroyers known unofficially liberty type differentiate destroyers constructed detail designs drawn steel parsons turbines liberty type destroyers deteriorated badly service group retired navy actual performance ships far intended specifications especially fuel economy able nautical miles knots mph instead design standard nautical miles knots mph class suffered problems turning weight second ship named torpedo boat commissioned subsequent uss commissioned class frigate ship named charles adams history launched september william sons ship engine building company philadelphia sponsored wife charles adams ship commissioned command commander brown immediately joined atlantic fleet patrolled east_coast united_states decommissioned june returned philadelphia recommissioned serve scouting fleet decommissioned philadelphia low military budgets cause periods inactivity navy funds manpower maintain number ships including commissioned october joined neutrality patrol japanese attack pearl harbor entrance world war began convoy duty caribbean including february mission guard convoy carrying troops garrison netherlands west_indies patrol martinique incoming ships evidence activities french collaborators alongside sister uss altered course pursue sound found site crew assumed caused school ship turned resume course struck torpedo fired unnoticed german submarine command torpedo struck frames feet water line force impact blew feet forward bow forecastle minutes crew determined operate ship brought control sailed fort france ship steered combination rudder varying shaft speeds hours attack moored fort france men died wounded attack boat headquarters requesting permission finish permission denied destroyers planes assist stricken fort france fitted wooden bulkhead cover area blown torpedo anchor improvised truck axle differential housing sailed power san_juan puerto_rico steel bow attached steamed philadelphia naval yard permanent repairs fitted forward section decommissioned sister ship taylor fitted newer weapons electronics systems updated radar repairs completed september resumed convoy duties caribbean spent rest war convoy escort duty caribbean_sea frontier short deployments atlantic_ocean january february assigned hunter killer duty task group north_atlantic march escorted convoy tunisia march june stationed new london connecticut training submarines long_island sound avoid destroyers following duty decommissioned philadelphia naval yard july sold scrap november received battle star wartime convoy duty


uss uss wooden class screw frigate built united_states_navy served flagship home squadron late 1850s captured confederate ships start american_civil_war ship converted ironclad monitor ship gun turrets history conversion successful rolled excessively weight armor turrets strained hull deep draft meant operate shallow confederate ports relegated harbor defense roads virginia duration war placed reserve war sold scrap description feet inches long perpendiculars beam feet inches ship draft feet inches depth hold displaced long tons tons hull strongly reinforced wrought iron crew numbered officers enlisted men ship horizontal cylinder trunk steam engine driving single propeller steam provided martin boilers engine produced total indicated horsepower ship maximum speed knots mph steam propeller hoisted single funnel lowered increase speed sail ship rigged sail area square feet ship armament consisted inch pivot gun inch guns fourteen inch guns inch weighed pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation inch gun weighed pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation inch range yards elevation pound shell weighed pounds steam frigate service named river laid norfolk navy yard launched december ship sank launched refloated completed commissioned captain john montgomery command assigned home squadron flagship transported american president nicaragua william walker men united_states colombia called arrived august ship decommissioned boston navy yard september recommissioned year later august resumed duties flagship home squadron year stationed awaiting arrival japanese embassy united_states treaty commerce reached april reached roads delegation decommissioned start civil war recommissioned june assigned north_atlantic blockading squadron destroyed schooner mary inlet north_carolina july ship subsequently helped capture alert ship thomas watson charleston south_carolina october deep draft prevented engaging confederate ironclad virginia sister uss battle roads march ship ferried north survivors sailing frigates uss congress uss cumberland virginia sunk arrived new_york_city march decommissioned day begin reconstruction monitor ironclad reconstruction march days battle roads monitor fought confederate ironclad virginia john chief bureau construction repair chief steam engineering benjamin wrote letter secretary navy recommending converted ironclad cheaper faster new construction suggested ship cut gun deck sides deck mounting revolving gun turrets mounting inch inch guns scheme ample feet aside reinforcing hull carry weight turrets changes recommended elimination screw replacement propeller smaller diameter addition ram wrought iron armor maximum inches thickness inches edge feet waterline deck armor inch thick additional steam engine necessary rotate turrets run ventilation fans estimated conversion half months cost accepted recommendation began reconstruction brooklyn navy yard arrived new_york_city march navy yard removed masts rigging upper deck funnel novelty iron works received contract early april shape mount metal work save weight number turrets reduced deck armor inches turret virtually identical class monitors consisted layers inch plates forward turrets stationary armor inches thick novelty given choice protecting sides layers inch plates single plate inches thick reduced inches inches waterline chose delays delivery largely responsible drawing reconstruction time year plates manufactured franklin forge auxiliary boiler added provide steam engines powered turrets fans steering little reinforce hull withstand weight armor turrets deck beneath long ton turret reinforced series transferred weight ship reinforced handle weight stress caused leak feet day end war new configuration crew numbered officers men armed muzzle loading inch guns guns pair inch pounder rifles forward turret mounted inch pounder rifle middle turret fitted inch aft turret inch pounder rifle shortages inch forced inch guns weighed approximately pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation inch weighed pounds fire pound shell range yards elevation pounder rifle weighed pounds fired inch shells weighed pounds fitted shaped ram formed inch plates projected past bow presumably height single plate inches ironclad service ship accepted navy april recommissioned june warship turrets history ignoring pressure local politicians new_york navy ordered roads virginia join blockading squadron voyage south ship reached maximum speed knots mph averaged knots mph captain benjamin sands reported ship roll great possibility fighting guns sea obliged secure pieces timber prevent away assigned harbor defense ship roads remained end war july sands test fired guns time inch pounder rifle violent rear turret required nearly minutes rotation captain replaced sands command ship later succeeded captain arrived new_york april decommissioned placed reserve june new_york navy yard ship postwar service flagship port admiral new_york recommissioned january reduced reserve june august struck navy list later sold scrap september


united_states_army hospital ship world war ship completed april liberty ship stanford white selected conversion hospital ship originally assigned poppy operated decommissioned hospital ship army transport stanford white named honor american architect stanford white built california corporation los_angeles united_states maritime commission early laid march launched following month ship assigned united_states lines merchant operation war shipping administration stanford white way california new_york port round trip liverpool november allocated ship army converted hospital ship initially assigned poppy instead named honor lieutenant army nurse killed action italy hospital ship initially based charleston south_carolina multiple ports england mediterranean france changed new_york december runs europe hospital ship converted april transport ship numerous trips bringing home nurses military personnel prior entering national defense reserve fleet ship declared surplus army sold scrapping liberty ship stanford white hull laid march ship way california los_angeles standard liberty ship ship launched monday april day built liberty benjamin delivered april taking days start delivery ship initially launched saturday april suffered minor damage fire day known stanford white spent months merchant career spent atlantic sailed galveston texas september arrived key west september ship departed day new_york arrived september september ship carrying general cargo joined convoy headed liverpool arrived october days later stanford white set new_york arriving november hospital ship late november ship transferred war department operation convention hospital ship army ship shipyard port new_york conversion remaining completion june ship initially assigned poppy current policy naming army hospital ships flowers operated ship instead named lieutenant army nurse killed action february operation allied landings sailing clyde new_york july mercy mission moved new charleston august sailing later month headed liverpool october ship sailed gibraltar december repeated previous voyage stopped naples eventually making way charleston january hospital ship visiting times naples gibraltar haven wales sixth mission year return trip ended return new new_york new_york calling time times downs europe trip ship decommissioned hospital ship april returned new_york load army red_cross nurses members women army corps numerous trips army primarily new_york november entered national defense reserve fleet james river virginia loaded permanent ballast long tons pig iron long tons concrete blocks hospital ship sat years offered disposal late ship awarded max scrapping january withdrawn delivered