west west small village east hampshire district hampshire england miles southeast east nearby west form parish west contains eighteen houses population half population note manor farm cottage late 12th century nicholas church grade listed buildings history findings fields west east reveal area visited inhabited era iron age dated lay summit king john hill east east romans built road passed hill green street lane village believed mentioned book time manor held marshal mention west village document dated october late 12th century richard granted newly built church nicholas history spelled different ways including 14th century 16th century early thomas died possessed west lands reign edward john seized fee certain lands called manor west held period land assessed hide village medieval period area noted hunting ground established private deer park hunting lodge near naturalist gilbert white region including west natural history henry moody curator winchester museum wrote west perpetual gift winchester college worth according parliamentary returns received additional queen anne bounty warden winchester college patrons living decade john 2nd baron lord manor son james 3rd baron noted owner 1870s late 1800s william guardian west early 20th century parish remained ownership winchester college estate shot nearby debris scattered village including church wall later inhabitants evacuated bomb fell field opposite manor farm removed royal engineers estate holdings sold seven tenant farmers retained land farmed sold remaining woodlands properties geography west located eastern central hampshire southeast england miles southeast miles road northwest west reportedly area acres landscape dominated farmland woods pits wild duck little wood warner wood wood vicinity rich dry meadows slopes junction stream river extreme western end situated nearby characterised narrow band base chalk seen lane leading west north west blanket street connects village southwest east mile northeast east road meets road lane near road leads southwest little wood joins road road nearest railway station miles northwest village economy west population people people lived parish houses area date century recent times numerous farm buildings converted housing industrial purposes according parish website significant industrial developments parish local economy based agriculture particularly cattle farming beef cattle sheep grain crops main sources income farmers west traded southampton history inhabitants retired nearby towns work golf course located north west annual convention held farm east attracts numerous people surrounding areas notable landmarks manor farm house grade listed building farm cottages main feature west owned time family manor farm feather farms farmhouse grade listed building inscription dates shows medieval characteristics adjacent manor farm nicholas church small church dated late 12th century forms churches fell ruin lost roof restored late victorian period single cell building small north contains windows dated 15th 16th century date 13th century timber framed porch south 15th century interior described plain east wall nave octagonal font wall monuments late 18th century church listed building july


capital largest city municipality second largest city greenland located central western greenland coast davis approximately north place literally means people fox site inhabited years peoples culture culture people descendants form majority current population artifacts early settlement era found region favored past plentiful fauna particularly marine mammals providing early hunting societies population modern mix danish peoples settled area leadership danish missionary today largest business center north national capital fastest growing cities greenland fishing principal industry town growing industrial base subsidiary state owned chain purpose general stores greenland base mix traditional single family houses communal housing apartment blocks raised 1960s period town expansion greenland expanding area north port shore small bay reserved modern suburb style housing slated construction 2010s professional general schools based providing education inhabitants city smaller settlements region new culture center second cultural center established greenland city bus line northernmost year round ice free port country shipping base western northwestern greenland supply ships head commercial port smaller settlements remote regions archipelago far northern greenland town airport served air greenland providing connections towns western coast greenland airport europe history culture settlement site years people culture arriving arctic canada wave immigration occupying numerous sites coast western greenland time shoreline dozen meters present line gradually decreasing time post glacial rebound remained western greenland nearly unlike following waves migrants millennium following disappearance left substantial number artifacts plentiful finds coast davis bay north coast sea near south uncovered changing settlement pattern exhibiting transition single family dwellings tiny villages families types dwelling varied tent rings hides hunted mammals stone evidence communal living larger structures contrast evidence hunting coordinated effort villagers groups loosely related individuals gathering places proximity hunting grounds found despite recent advances dna research based hair samples ancient migrants gives insight origin reason decline subsequent disappearance culture known culture years permanent second wave migration arrived canada bringing people western greenland wave immigrants known arrived bce inhabiting region years early people followed later people artifacts discovered later era artifacts era uncovered archaeological sites finds limited heads numerous animal bones largest number culture artifacts found north bay region south poorer finds disappearing completely coast sea southwestern greenland people culture descendants form majority current population arrived nearly thousand years ago arrivals dated approximately 13th 14th century people advanced predecessors relied hunting particularly fur seals base economy early period shoreline higher altitude today valley east bay partially sea artifacts graves centuries permanent settlement remain scattered region rich fauna coastal region particularly attractive migrants large number historical artifacts currently listed candidate world heritage site application received colonial era signs norse settlement region time establishment danish colonies dutch dominated area swiftly burnt bergen company station island approximately north present day town jacob granted monopoly trade permitted act agent danish navy dutch finally removed series battles present town established general trade company trading post fort named chairman danish college missions copenhagen directed missionary work colony time founding place colonists formally established villages region remain day royal greenland trading department center trade skins 18th century buildings stand old house church blue church oldest surviving church greenland buildings moved site settlement rest settlement new church rocky pedestal built extended entrance yard old church protected historical buildings decorated unique gate whale smallpox epidemic population coastal settlements population growth quickly resumed plentiful marine life coast 20th century present 20th century saw construction shipping port fish processing factory royal greenland factory greenland fishing remains primary occupation inhabitants town leading center shrimp processing administrative center municipality incorporated new municipality january retaining status administrative center new unit consisting municipality previously unincorporated area municipal council seated town hall headed mayor consists members including mayor deputies representatives primary political parties greenland democrats geography located approximately north north arctic circle eastern shores davis series rocky western end large peninsula bounded north south wide bay immediately north small inlet davis bay danish separates town north southern foot town airport located high twin summit commands wide view directions majority coast municipality visible good conditions bay entirety protected open sea series west local port local sailing harbor located southern shore bay road airport passes bridge bay halfway town airport small beach dark sand beach coast popular summer east wide valley extends interior peninsula bounded north valley alongside leads polar route depending variants route long middle valley towers standalone mountain surrounded lakes serves town water reservoir entire area valley popular picnic destination easy access water gravel road middle valley valley provide town water potential annually southeast valley bounded distinct highest ridge main summit prominent rising remainder ridge tall cone ridge terminates overlooking east ridge gradually falls nearly turning east north east southern wall falls directly northern wall uniform surface ramps main access route summit leads ramps saddle main summit western passage cone secured ropes unprepared tourists variants polar route follows coast base southern wall main summit visited long range view coast limited north north town airport alternative route interest leads hard find low pass east main summit directly summit cone ridge climate lies polar climate region belonging group climate classification average temperature lower year months average february march average highs respectively months july august average highs respectively months year average lows precipitation low greatest rainfall occurring second half year july december august september months sea winds davis moderate climate area known demographics inhabitants fastest growing towns greenland migrants smaller settlements reinforcing trend apart settlement municipality exhibiting stable growth patterns decades gender evident men consistently women decades running nearly town inhabitants born outside greenland decline housing families live single family houses traditional colorful wooden homes shipped denmark raised supported concrete foundation 1960s danish authorities began construction communal apartment blocks towns greenland including unlike modern environmentally friendly construction technologies arrived existing communal block district remained state partial disrepair municipality planning town expansion 2010s area north bay reserved real estate new neighborhood bear economy infrastructure industry services fishing principal industry harvested stocks salmon royal greenland fish processing plant port largest greenland modern shrimp factories world supplied boats factory plant processed annual tons shrimp tons month roughly constant year fish catches larger fish frozen plant eventually sold tonnes shrimp hunting important local mainly seals whale subsidiary state owned chain purpose general stores greenland based chain operates small settlements country smaller towns covered supermarket chains range shops operate chain independent outlets serving supplies smaller settlements region liquid fuel distribution company headquartered employs staff operates stations greenland headquarters moved late 2000s announced plans operational base causing protests community experiencing facilities include banks library post greenland office small hospital health center beds advanced plans aluminium plant second largest town municipality proposed location alongside plant provide employment people population vital decision town wide public carried town authorities government greenland order address potential environmental social concerns power plant located north town plant turbines providing power electricity plant transferred long high voltage line rainfall low abundant natural supplies fresh surface water collected reservoir water pumped lake kilometers away mountains water electrically anti supply residents winter months water supply network capable producing cubic meters water year water supplying lakes town combined annual minimum capacity million cubic meters tourism tourist facilities include youth hotels hotel restaurant home conference center restaurant note restaurant located harbor chinese restaurant country uses ingredients cooked chinese style town heated open air swimming pool supported heat melt camping sites located valley near bay winter ski lift operates foot mountain base northern slopes tourism increasingly important companies based town year round operations offered include guided hiking boating tough long arctic circle race takes place winter trail partially overlapping polar route race inaugurated international competition education culture high school founded located eastern outskirts town west old site apart traditional curriculum provides specialized courses greenland history culture including skin preparation ski instruction school notable special unit women high school added focusing traditional arts summer school building autumn school responsible series stone sculptures near airport municipal building children home school educational centers construction engineering school capacity students arctic technology center institution service industry professionals foreign language school museum located historical building near harbor museum trade industry shipping artifacts based years archaeological research excavations ancient culture settlements near town offering insight culture region years ago museum hosts collection tools domestic items collected inventory old church original dated approximately paintings house reconstruction early 20th century residence domestic furniture outdoor exhibition exhibition includes remains 18th century collection collection art house items objects compiled years stone exhibition housed building arts crafts modern culture center located eastern shore lake center hosts traveling theatre concerts classical folk music culture day november celebrated created workshop located old warehouse old harbor sold greenland travel incoming arts craft small shops main street greenland stones products created workshops transport air airport located northwest town mouth bay airport opened 1990s served closed located eastern outskirts town valley airport short runway suitable travel outside greenland routed change planes airport air greenland operates scheduled services town bus service connect airport center sea year served twice weekly coastal ferries arctic line link communities western coast weekly royal arctic line ferry port northernmost year round ice free port greenland serving country primary maritime base north supply ships port head north serving entire coast region archipelago far north largest ships fleet royal greenland based home shipyard greenland dating port handles cruise liners year local club operates bay harbor east port ground roads including road airport surfaced road linking settlement 2000s construction road discussed years resolution road kind greenland connecting far away settlements reducing need passenger freight exchange airport air greenland hub cost greenland annual maintenance cost prevented construction town bus network winter dog routes link settlements north modern approach transport town usually foot private cars city bus drives loops town popular twin towns municipality denmark islands friendship links united_kingdom


spa town civil parish england census population includes historic settlement commercial centre great steep eastern flank hills independent urban district link major suburbs settlements comprise town separated large tracts open common land fields smaller civil parishes adjoining town boundaries hills built area referred collectively archaeological evidence suggests bronze age people settled area known settlements permanent temporary town founded 11th century monks established foot highest peak hills 19th century developed rapidly village owing popularity spa based spring waters immediately following decline spa tourism end 19th century town focus shifted education establishment private boarding schools hotels large major expansion result relocation telecommunications research establishment successor company remains town largest local employer largest place parliamentary constituency west district hills district administrative seat lies adjacent hills area outstanding natural beauty populous civil parish town council town council based great derived ancient british old welsh meaning bare bald hill modern equivalent welsh bald hill known 11th century 12th century 17th century history bronze age monastic times flint axes found area attributed early bronze age settlers ditch late bronze age boundary possibly dating constructed crest hills near site later settlements cutting pass hills use prehistoric times salt route south wales 19th century discovery metal money bars suggests area inhabited people ancient folklore british stand romans british camp site extensive iron age earthworks summit hills close later established story remains disputed roman historian implies site closer river evidence roman presence ended prehistoric settlement british camp excavations nearby hill fort hill evidence violent destruction year suggest british camp abandoned destroyed time study royal commission includes aerial photographs hills demonstrates archaeological potential largely neglected landscape provides food thought number research projects pottery industry based left remains dating late bronze age norman conquest shown methods archaeological products traded far south wales river marshes foot chase cattle woodland management considerable providing fuel monastic little known thousand years described kind religious house conquest endowed gift edward additions william include extract pleas taken king york stating congregation time conquest existed norman conquest settlement nearby little site smaller mentioned book bailey castle built tier earthworks british camp norman conquest probably founded saxon earl destroyed king henry_ii town developed 11th century monastery remains early parts great large parish church slightly different histories explain actual founding religious community legend tells settlement began following murder monk fled took refuge woods mentioned established thought located site michael chapel believed stood site victorian villa built site cottage cottage demolished ecclesiastical carvings found human bones parts coffin uncovered legend monastic mythology historians concluded original martyr prior founded monastery bishop advice monastery included thirty monks succeeded philosopher inside church records details arose endowed edward ancient stained glass window church depicts legend details vision chapel edward granting charter site 18th century document states 18th year william probably dedicated mary virgin victoria county history describes lived reign edward petitioned earl gloucester original site wood cites source canterbury rolls large estates crown lands given gilbert red seventh earl gloucester sixth earl marriage joan acre daughter edward disputed hunting rights led armed conflicts 3rd earl edward resolved states gilbert gifts describes great conflict thomas bishop hunting rights ditch gilbert dug settled costly litigation gilbert similar conflict bishop administrator worcester cathedral chancellor england granted land disputes resolved robert current chancellor discussion stained glass windows church terms relationship church stresses importance development stained glass refers vast strategically important estates 15th 16th centuries widespread awareness likelihood pilgrimage route town discussion mentions thomas view hiding place knight sir john chambers wrote relation stained glass situation admired henry vii queen elizabeth york sons prince arthur prince henry substantial area surrounding chase subject forest law royal forest early period meant harsh residents livestock royal tudor times royal lands forest law fallen post dissolution dissolution monasteries local commissioners instructed ensure abbey churches parish worship continue purchased accordingly survived acquired william 15th century stained glass windows monastic buildings taken apart usable sold exception church building south adjoining monastery destroyed remains monastery abbey gateway known gatehouse houses today museum land grant mentions holy crown grant mentions pigs eggs elizabeth chancellor sir thomas lord manor contemporary john described hills castle king charles attempted sell thirds chase wider attempt raise revenue crown sale royal forests attempts lands resulted riots pattern disturbances ran royal lands court chamber charles decreed rights public thirds lands hills rights sir descendants crown quoted hills act time established community major settlement chase development spa 17th 19th centuries health giving properties water natural beauty surroundings led development spa resources tourists seeking rest entertainment local legend benefit spring water known times medicinal value water mentioned poem attributed reverend vicar great richard pioneering wrote eye close holy short poem eyes water john wall published page pamphlet benefits water reached page 3rd edition praise came botanist benjamin poet thomas william physician kent mother queen_victoria quoted review medical historian lecture royal institution spoke pure air excellence water romantic beauty scenery similar views appeared press nicholas brought wife catherine rest cure chambers book praised elizabeth daughter law 1st earl patronage contributed development walks shipping water grew volume james wilson james leading set house women tudor house men expanded rapidly residential spa large hotels large date smaller hotels guest houses built hotels boarding houses quarter town houses boarding lodging houses great town centre surrounding settlements wells link north west queen adelaide visited ann september 1840s 1850s attracted stream celebrated visitors including royalty patients included charles darwin catherine wife charles thomas florence lord outspoken advocate waters lord samuel came heavy criticism sir charles hastings founder british medical association physicians extension railway worcester link completed following year middle class visitors railway brought working class black country dramatic effect came black country newly opened stations great wells june september day trips frequent causing town crowded curious specimens british outing following new found fame spa area natural beauty fully exploiting new rail connections factories far manchester organising day trips employees attracting visitors day public meeting residents denounced rising rail twice lines exploiting tourism industry demanded limitation number excursion trains arrival railway enabled delivery coal large quantities accelerated area popularity winter resort includes london worcester described inland health resort famous air pleasant situation great educational centre hotels spoken commercial hotel assembly rooms gardens foot pony carriage descriptions mention bands cricket residents visitors rooms stayed daughter mary later queen consort george autumn joined lady duke perfectly enchanted surroundings duke visited college returned open new camp hill painter edward jones came air recommendation doctor stayed hotel week year old franklin roosevelt visited trip europe parents landowners reached new heights action taken people society preserve hills common land prevent local lords manor indicated like rights public preventing enclosure common negotiations initiated owners northern hills hills act secured parliament later acts empowered hills acquire land prevent common land bought end 19th century popularity declined extent hotels converted private boarding schools rest homes education basis economy town single gender private schools increasing area suited schools established attractive environment access rail children travel rail boarding schools near stations great wells link girls college hotel directly opposite great railway station dedicated derelict tunnel basement building clearly visible platforms station 20th century began develop modern town early 1900s continuing strong agricultural presence continued world war years transformed population activities establishing town centre scientific research governance town civil parish governed lowest tier local government town council hills district county district comprising civil parishes electoral ward boundaries urban district council changes local government infrastructure beginning 20th century importance distinction local boundaries historical areas great link north lost original parish great included hamlet stretched river east hills west separate civil parish local government act urban district councils created link parish covered eastern including parts great green hall green green urban districts link amalgamated absorbing parts neighbouring parishes create town urban district council boundaries changed areas came control council residents town town council electoral represented elected members council supported team senior executives includes town clerk deputy town clerk town clerk chairman operations events officer finance officer operations managers operations supervisor grounds maintenance based distribution population generally ignore names suburbs contain use loaned names chase named chase covering green extensive ministry defence property occupied campus chase school village largely rural south eastern area adjoining northern adjacent link campus school north site upper ward includes new neighbourhood town link covers area north link common link upper lower north area link west civil parish includes village includes great boundaries east railway green link hall green green green covering great including town centre areas west railway north wells civil parish geography town centre town centre comprises main streets right angles steep church street terrace relatively flat north south extension forms western flank hills heart town statue composer edward dedicated water shops large modern walk steep lane served rear entrances shops church street traditional high street shops etc health food shops art craft shops charity shops law firms estate agents worcester railway line victorian great station listed example classical victorian railway architecture close nearby imperial hotel architect suburbs rapid half 19th century spread eastwards northwards great traditional town centre steep flank beacon farms immediate area farms known court previously known house near great link merged great gave names new urban continued spread middle 20th century reached suburban parishes west wells climate lies lower plain degree shelter caused virtue hills east welsh hills mountains west birmingham plateau north british isles maritime climate local topography means summer warmth emphasised slight effect surrounding hills record maximum stands set august typically days year reach higher annual day reach according observing period winter temperature occur given correct conditions allowing low occur nonetheless average region non coastal areas overall night time particular urban areas despite notable low absolute weather observing sites nearby having fallen past annual average frost ratio mere days year actually lower weather station locations london airport new absolute minimum recently set record cold month december prior nights recorded winter december january year hours sunshine recorded rainfall averages year recorded days year snowfall highly variable winter low pressure systems south west north east area northern flank meaning heavy snowfall areas south east receive rain precipitation snowfall arrives means convective showers driven northerly north westerly north easterly winds area tends snowy parts owing sheltered positioning census civil parish population neighbouring parishes west wells little settlements largely unite population wider urban area purposes statistical reporting office national statistics groups population north ward civil parish west civil parish females males average household size aged academic qualifications general certificate secondary education figures hills local government district england according census unemployed economically inactive population age aged mean age people civil parish residents described health good similar average wider district ethnicity census found white british ethnic group far largest identifying largest ethnic group white accounted population followed asian mixed race categories respectively black ethnic groups group constituted population population development area remained village cluster farms taking water wall 1820s pump room opened james wilson james opened water cure establishments town centre middle 19th century arrival railway bath houses establishments catering health tourists flourished early 20th century developed small village centred town large hotels victorian country experienced population boost telecommunications research establishment relocated bringing employees increasing early 1950s large housing estates built provide accommodation staff families significant proportion current population present employees facility called previously attached military contingent units british armed forces nearby city worcester new constructed early 1960s brought industrial distance car development came construction large private housing developments town continues swell increasingly farmland especially link area villages turned housing projects creating new communities suburbs frequent merging parishes changes boundaries accurate figures based specific areas available economy research development research development physics electronics major source employment world war telecommunications research establishment moved worth south coast safety enemy action staff worked airborne radar electronic warfare resources raf radar research development establishment worked anti aircraft radar army moved time initially housed college merged form radar research establishment renamed royal radar establishment changes took place according shifts operational focus facility partly transferred public private ownership small retained ministry defence defence science technology laboratory contingent closed remaining staff moving sites recognised science technology developments area hills science park built home science technological businesses including utc systems corporation manufacturing majority manufacturing service industries grouped adjoining commercial areas spring lane industrial estate developed 1960s business park begun 1990s cars constructed morgan motor company world longest existing private automobiles produced series morgan motor car traditional sports years cult vehicle exported world factory link specialist glass microscope produced chance brothers factory door morgan motor works pipe organs built organs founded john organs found gloucester portsmouth great agriculture centre agricultural industry acre counties operated counties agricultural society miles south road venue counties held year june years representing counties gloucestershire country important agricultural shows traced attracts average visitors parts country day event trade stands exhibitions doubles town local population opens season year hosting royal society spring followed events year including regular shows pioneers william worked awarded victoria medal honour royal society tea rose named rose page cited work culture architecture town centre contain examples regency victorian hotels houses built industrial revolution boom years spa town wealthy families nearby birmingham area following collapse spa industry hotels schools converted apartments smaller hotels retirement homes imperial hotel red brick stone later school largest buildings built architect designed great railway station council house plot original house stood grove avenue road originally private residence school girls hall grade listed building imperial hotel lit gas equipped types brought specially rail architecture town centre dedicated water including ann housed building dating music sir edward british composer master king lived life buried little cemetery march composed words land hope glory later set performed school church presence sculpture group artist rose comprising fountain statue great stands terrace town centre route mile drive passing key landmarks life passes concert club founded holds concerts held forum theatre theatres programmes focus renaissance baroque classical romantic contemporary music symphony orchestra professional direction michael lloyd players performances major works 19th 20th centuries autumn festival annual event featuring performances artists music poetry writers film makers held october year brass bands early century music town opera singer lived died buried great cemetery british kennedy home harrison contemporary professor composition royal academy music lived road 1940s music director college director early festivals 1960s 1970s 1980s winter gardens major regional venue concerts popular rock bands including rolling_stones dave jam black joy division 1960s concerts staged promotions later events promoted cherry red london based independent record label formed stephen folk pop group time resident late 1980s renting house west write group albums songs era reference court lanes west locality park renowned upper tea rooms sings soon collaborated albums toured kennedy time resident drama theatres housed winter gardens complex town centre provincial centre arts drama festival took place dedicated bernard planned sir barry jackson number works performances including good king charles golden days english apple cart world geneva held centenary week february festival theatre trust set extensive refurbishment undertaken presided opening ceremony summer season million major redesign refurbishment took place help contributions national lottery distribution fund administered government department culture media sport theatre small convenience entered book world records smallest theatre world located victorian public convenience centre town walk theatre capacity people theatre regularly hosts professional amateur actors drama poetry storytelling opera regular venue fringe festival fringe festival officially founded takes place days june fringe festival fringe organise annual day celebration musical live events year fringe aims inclusive generation gap providing varied programme events local people aimed ages literature william famous 14th century poem visions piers inspired hills earliest poetic allusion occurs poem reputed writer possibly educated great roads buildings named entered writings lives 17th 19th century poets include michael king hills song john blue distant wall sheep farming thomas health healing power chosen ample mount ode majesty birthday thomas gray visited final travels joseph climb mass glory fairy vision hills william church bells ring high cloudy crest catherine patrick died great till fair counties saw blaze lonely height lewis authors frequented legend states drinking pub winter evening walking home started snow saw lamp post shining snow lewis turned friends said nice opening line book novel lion witch wardrobe lewis later image characters enter realm found inspiration landscape viewed childhood home birmingham brother home near introduced area lewis brought meet george head english college student lewis biographer walk hills recordings reading excerpts lord rings home george recordings later issued long playing records liner notes reads sings fellowship rings george wrote book walked compared parts hills white mountains poet taught years 1930s downs school hills wrote poems including lunar beauty let sleeping head love fish lakes lawn lie bed wrote long poem hills views called simply novel freedom born novelist francis young describes sleeping hills seeing sunrise town art works art include statues water sculptor rose sculptures statue sir edward fountain unveiled prince andrew duke york terrace drinking terrace unveiled september hand peace war memorial sculpture portland stone located green suburb paintings include little church joseph held royal academy squared drawing art historian robert collection institute joseph great north east british collection victoria albert museum david artist founder members birmingham gallery lived worked started painting hills retired sculpture installed gardens great commemorate queen diamond jubilee november television drama documentary british director russell filmed location worcester scenes filmed locations including road wells ann great bbc television long running monitor programme life composer edward film significantly raised public profile composer landscape forms backdrop british television play written david directed clarke bbc play today series tells story stephen vicar son visions angels edward king pagan ruler england final scene play protagonist experience king mother father england king set hills tank quarry north hill west england quarry beacon locations doctor serial starring patrick serial broadcast weekly parts december january great railway station featured commuter belt railway station episode survivors series post apocalyptic fiction drama television series created terry nation produced bbc water spring water flows freely number area historical springs funded organisations including town council heritage lottery fund spa association area outstanding natural beauty water famous containing reason spa town formed local national culture queen elizabeth point drinking public 16th century queen_victoria refused travel water queen elizabeth_ii november plant closed lack millions litres water annually enterprises brand factory near distributed worldwide water original source family run business spring water twin town spa town czech_republic spa town france places worship addition 12th century shortly expansion second half 19th century christian churches built 13th 14th century architecture including link set ringing bells triples june recent buildings mary church green modern church built mentions following 19th early 20th century churches book saints newton possibly andrew contains font inscribed ascension road sir walter high metal screen christ church avenue road sons unexpected cross chapel convent holy road wagon roof stained glass joseph road church road original sir gilbert scott enlarged altered hunt painted stained glass lady college road peter peter road street crazy paving granite holy trinity worcester road enlarged brothers plate stained glass church queen drive leicester brothers health emergency services community hospital link hospital constructed grounds independent school court began operation officially opened princess royal march major health facilities provided hospitals worcester town seven health centres including health complex link group practice road nursing retirement homes care senior citizens area covered air ambulance service operated site motorway services served west ambulance service operated trust ambulance station located victoria road great near town centre emergency services provided west police station victoria road worcester fire rescue service station worcester road link transport major road access area provided road runs centre connecting worcester motorway west near birmingham exeter devon accessible junctions east motorway ross known ross spur south accessed junction road railway stations approximately mile apart great link provide direct services worcester birmingham oxford gloucester south west england london bus services include circular local routes connecting main residential commercial areas town shopping routes serve surrounding towns villages cities gloucester worcester long distance direct bus services connect cities country including national express route counties south wales birmingham major cities west yorkshire route worcester london victoria operators include coaches diamond bus coaches midland red air services operate birmingham airport approximately hour road gloucestershire airport located borough busy general aviation airport mainly private charter scheduled flights destinations islands jersey isle man pilot training aircraft emergency services taxi services provided numerous local firms education primary schools elementary education provided thirteen primary schools town suburbs including church_of_england roman catholic non state schools exception grove primary school replaced school destroyed arson primary schools established shortly town rapid development spa high schools chase technology college green secondary school pupils specialist technology language science college specialist schools programme awarded beacon school status recent inspection february described school requiring improvement church_of_england academy link church_of_england school pupils specialist sports college inspection january rated school good castle high school pupils including sixth form centre specialist language college founded school making oldest schools england located village castle miles town large number pupils drawn area independent schools large independent public schools college boys girls james girls remain following private primary secondary schools college public school founded school boys aged following merger school girls downs preparatory schools created school pupils years old alumni nobel james francis william olympic gold medalist arnold jackson leading politicians james formed merger girls college james school west james abbey local private schools thirty years independent girls schools area main building james campus girls college imperial hotel built second half 19th century abbey college international boarding school providing education mainly students countries outside united_kingdom founded provides pre university preparation mixed gender students aged education campus south college centre education providing government certificate courses adults post year old students active university age founded hills college inaugural meeting attended members public interest groups members leisure park adjoining splash pool winter gardens complex occupies large area centre town winter gardens complex home theatres cinema concert venue room bars half century winter gardens leisure centre major regional venue classical music concerts major rock bands 60s 70s 80s splash leisure complex flanks eastern boundary park indoor swimming pool gymnasium town centre extensive public library includes access internet community services way long distance trail located county runs miles great sport manor park club multi sports complex close town centre provides area indoor outdoor sports facilities including tennis indoor table tennis assisted grants bodies including hills district council sport england lottery lawn tennis association new indoor facility unveiled club tennis player tim traditional outdoor played green park public areas victoria park link provide space field sports tennis town football team plays west regional league twice reached qualifying round cup hills popular launching site hang local hang club cricket provided green cricket club professional class ground notable people addition born notable people came town cured mentioned educated teach independent schools articles college james merger james school college girls college prep downs work merger successor organisations leading hills inspired poets thomas british economist electoral reform died march william churchill british diplomat art historian retired house early 1920s architect emeritus professor royal college arts grew educated castle grammar school anne charles darwin daughter buried graveyard david davis bbc radio executive broadcaster born raised anne diamond television journalist presenter grew stephen folk pop group time resident late 1980s renting house west write group albums songs era reference court lanes west locality park renowned upper tea rooms sings edward composer taught great buried little brigadier hugh gregory born buried military cemetery foster english cricketer played class matches early 20th century born arthur architect friend harrison contemporary professor composition royal academy music music director college director early festivals lived road 1940s charles hastings founder british medical association spent final years hastings house green cricketer currently resides area coaches college lived life died kennedy composer polish wife home william narrative poem piers written begins hills lewis novelist pupil preparatory school house college boarded establishments early june opera singer lived died buried great cemetery lloyd contestant 4th place factor series notable having watched audition history ellen marriage translator died british comic book artist writer work suburban glamour set fictional version david mitchell author works include cloud hollywood movie black swan green taking place educated castle grammar school teacher soldier olympic nuclear scientist official charles william art collector philanthropist local government office holder charles chess champion lived death franklin roosevelt later president usa stayed tower hotel illness age george biographer lewis emperor visited exile staying abbey hotel attending holy trinity church smith british home secretary born raised philip born british mathematician worked radar related topics government laboratory years major contributions compass


welsh sir sir authority south west wales largest thirteen historic counties largest towns county town administrative centre populous settlement inhabited prehistoric times town founded romans region high middle ages saw turbulent times invasion twelfth thirteenth centuries parts wales edward england unrest occurred early fifteenth century welsh rebelled strife occurred english civil war seventeenth century mainly agricultural county apart southeastern time heavily coal mining steel making tin plating north county industry important eighteenth century economy county depends agriculture forestry fishing tourism decline industrial base low livestock sector economically worst performing regions united_kingdom tourist destination known parts wales offer wide range outdoor activities coast fairly flat includes millennium coastal park extends miles west national wetlands centre championship golf course port west sandy beaches thomas inland number medieval castles located strategic positions standing stones history humans living years ago evidenced stone tools found cave near romans arrived britain land forming county kingdom gave county contained chief cities called known romans established forts south wales control southeast country control southwest fort dates roman nearby probably makes oldest continually occupied town wales early roots region known river high middle ages court england tried subdue wales disputed welsh lords castles built time wood stone changed hands times conflicts followed following conquest wales edward region reorganized statute edward capital new county establishing courts holding court great sessions wales town transformed international trading port staple port wales merchants imported food french exported wool leather lead tin late medieval period county fortunes varied good bad occurred increased taxes levied england episodes plague occurred recruitment wars removed young men particularly susceptible plague disease brought infested rats board ships southern france captured castle strongholds neighbourhood support principal men county returned allegiance king henry english civil war parliamentary forces colonel besieged captured castle later abandoned cause joined castle recaptured oliver ordered dismantled industrial canal wales built convey coal valley coast following year earliest bridge built alongside canal napoleonic wars increased demand coal iron agricultural goods county prospered landscape changed woodland cleared way food production mills power stations mines factories sprang centre riots took place local farmers agricultural workers dressed women rebelled higher taxes tolls april terms local government act alongside absorbed new county divided districts district district borough council years later procedure reversed local government wales act enacted original county boundaries replaced geography county bounded north east port south atlantic_ocean west surface generally mountainous black mountain extend east county mountains north south coast contains fishing villages sandy beaches highest point fan feet main summit largest historic county area wales county drained important rivers flow southwards bristol channel especially river tributaries river longest river flowing entirely wales rivers include forms eastern boundary river river river forms border number towns valley communities living river different counties long coastline deeply cut east enter sea east bay coastline includes notable beaches sands sands large areas uncovered low tide principal towns county port newcastle principal industries agriculture forestry fishing tourism far largest town county county town remains mainly central location predominantly agricultural county southeastern area having significant industry best agricultural land broad valley especially lower reaches fertile land agricultural produce known garden wales lowest bridge river estuary cuts southwesterly county including urban southeastern region area bypassed main communication routes passenger ferry service connect early twentieth century economy agriculture lesser extent forestry main sources income county improved important past presence railway enabled milk transported urban areas england closed milk processing takes place newcastle cheese marginal land livestock cattle sheep main agricultural activity provide industry upper parts valley situated south wales mining activities region ceased old mining settlements housing remain centred tin plating industry eighteenth century following long end nineteenth century world centre industry little trace industrial activities today port served time export coal trade declined ports country towns agricultural county hold regular markets livestock traded north county valley thriving industry nineteenth early twentieth centuries water power provided energy drive machinery mills village time contained mills known wales demand cloth declined twentieth century industry west wales identified worst performing region united_kingdom south wales valleys gross value added economic indicator showed figure head regions compared cardiff welsh assembly government aware helped government initiatives local actions opportunities farmers emerged include farm tourism rural crafts specialist food shops farmers markets added value food products attempt boost local economy county council produced year plan highlighted projects hoped create thousand new jobs sectors involved creative industries tourism food advanced manufacturing energy environment financial professional services local government administrative county county council taking functions quarter sessions local government act local government act administrative county abolished april area districts new county local government wales act abolished april established county districts united form authority boundaries traditional county community council area transferred administrative county welsh language industrial revolution populous town wales county population census population population levels increased course eighty years population density persons compared persons wales england wales terms language county undergone language shift decades welsh english having populous historic counties wales remain majority welsh speaking twentieth century according census county population welsh speaking overall population welsh speakers population wales speak welsh speak welsh time census people living speak welsh able read write language census showed decline speaking welsh making minority language county time landmarks strategic location history county rich archaeological remains forts earthworks standing stones impressive iron age forts stands near bronze age represented standing stones near castles easily accessed include newcastle castle remains abbey coastal village associated thomas homes county include house gardens golden grove newton house plenty opportunities county hiking observing wildlife scenery include forest country park millennium coastal park wetlands centre national nature reserve large stretches golden sands wales coast path provides continuous walking route wales national garden wales displays plants wales world county museum industrial museum national wool museum howard museum museum speed west wales museum childhood provide opportunities past thomas author wrote works visited roman worked gold mines heritage railways railway valley railway track railway time ran newcastle reached sports leisure activities available county include cycling fishing sailing horse riding town plays welsh premier league won welsh football league cup season won welsh cup welsh league cup twice town play welsh football league division club won welsh premier league challenge cup won welsh cup experiencing financial difficulties wound reformed present title regional professional rugby union team plays play home matches ground honours include winning semi professional rugby union team play welsh premier division playing home matches honours challenge cup winners fourteen occasions frequently taken cup sporting venues disused industrial sites las built site open cast coal mining operations ceased opened built united_kingdom eighty years regular race days championship golf course opened built regeneration plan circuit motor racing circuit near village considered home welsh providing racing cars trucks opened airfield popular testing hosted events including british touring car championship twice transport served main line railway service operated trains wales links london cardiff central county main hub railway station services east terminate line continues westwards branches serve dock haven harbour heart wales line takes scenic route mid wales links arms passengers travel welsh marches line motorway county motorway london south wales extends far west services continuing northwest linked motorway links east west links coastal route continues northwards links local bus services main centres population long distance services cardiff bus service known operates north county offering transport rural


hill hill suburb metropolitan borough wear england bordered north sheriff hill south east west lies miles south miles south city newcastle miles north historic city durham village county durham incorporated metropolitan borough local government act april populous villages comprise metropolitan borough hill long history developed romans industrial revolution centre pottery making numerous stone glass makers set large reservoir providing water areas newcastle industrial decline turn 20th century coupled building council estate saw hill transformed industrial settlement residential suburb council ward governed locally nationally labour_party suburb economically compared areas borough nationally high levels unemployment low levels income served hill primary school small parks contribute social activity area centre road historic venues closed face uncertain parish church history early history origins hill subject speculation 18th 19th centuries village usually referred hill form suggesting like stems notable family residence likely taken scottish meaning rocky shelf parts early village upper remainder fell wild area common land notable lived evidence roman occupation proposed enclosure map common charts roman causeway running hill lane hill road blue sheriff hill likely explanation roman interest area swan pond twice size pond park fresh water fill flush william obtained lease laying pipes bring water great pond hill shown ordnance survey maps swan pond newcastle industrial period important event hill formative history occurred john established pottery hill lane pottery later referred hill pottery widely credited bringing white region transformed village encouraged workers traders area passed pottery son law time john died june largest valley commanding rent comparison pottery shore paid placed sale described hill pottery valuable extensive hill modern populous village situated hill isolated variety industries developed alongside pottery flint glass manufacturer management alexander corn mills hill mill john mill built earlier mill destroyed mysterious fire fire brick neat houses occupied respectable families hill reservoir built management newcastle water company major water supplier residents hill sheriff hill similar quarry producing newcastle excellent quality methodist chapel built mid-19th century increasing population led calls social amenities improved particular concern examination ordnance survey mapping demonstrates continued isolation village generally success pottery resulted street named lack residential development evident hill clearly marked swan pond public house free arms mid-19th century hill reservoir hands dean water company converted million imperial million million gal open reservoir hill house hill house largest estate village mansion house hill lane date building unknown appear enclosure map suggesting built date strong evidence asylum advertisement local newspaper declared hill house fell public leave inform public opened house situated mile distant newcastle fitted elegant manner accommodation reception circumstances house persons entrusted care shall treated attention humanity terms reasonable gibson newcastle turn 19th century hill house residential property farm matthew responded advertisement newcastle purchased acre estate house hands town clerk occupied acre estate kept large number pigs industrial decline modern development late 19th century village steep decline described hill scattered village fallen ruins houses hill pottery operated 19th century thriving pottery little cottage industry employing mere employees paying rent ownership subsequently transferred thomas neighbouring sheriff hill pottery eventually closed hill works buildings demolished completely old brown public house street named honour survive area rich pottery heritage hill quarry quarry replaced school stood operated going concern instead property hill mill demolished remaining mill suffered similar fate closing demolished hill house fell disrepair demolished hill reservoir survived newcastle supplied newcastle water company northumberland redundant covered soon hill today shaped housing development 20th century building boom begun start 20th century large tracts development matched development hill streets offer build dwellings council rebuffed parliament proposal rejected council survey concluded dangerous levels repairs improvements housing levels light rapid population growth february town improvement committee recommended purchase acres km2 land road low fell hill housing act council finally yielded purchased acres km2 land hill sheriff hill cost result large council estate built hill road surrounding areas estate remains largely unchanged shapes suburb today width hill road indicating village green old brown inn stone cottages operative terrace remaining industrial village stood governance hill council ward metropolitan borough ward approximately square kilometres area population represented june brian martin hill westminster parliamentary constituency previously east washington west constituency abolished boundary changes general election years retired april awarded life house_of_lords june present member labour_party office replaced successfully campaigned newly formed constituency washington west general election elected majority frank swing labour liberal democrats hill safe labour seat success followed general election polled votes cast whilst returned majority geography topography hill latitude situated miles south east miles london lies bed sandstone clay land steep places slopes south north reaches height metres sea level southern fringes distinctive steep topography means hill sits atop hill house building provides residents good views newcastle north north west north east north_sea land open space residential documents indicate settlement boundaries lie split crow road north nursery lane east road west sheriff hill south hill county durham incorporated metropolitan borough local government act bordered settlements metropolitan borough sheriff hill south west north east climate hill temperate like north east england mean highest temperature slightly lower england average mean lowest temperature somewhat higher total annual rainfall millimetres significantly lower national average millimetres according united_kingdom census hill approximate population population female slightly national average whilst male population black minority ethnic group opposed national population relatively live suburb compared nationally borough hill high proportion lone parent households households fourth highest figure compares borough average households dependent children opposed nationally fourth highest figure index multiple divides england areas measures quality life indicate splits hill halves lists half deprived areas england half listed deprived areas hill population compared wider ward hill area sub area town population non white british compared wider area ward ward split sub districts central hill mount pleasant hill south ward diverse mount pleasant central area nearby economy decline industry hill rapid building residential property transformed village residential estate small commercial area junction hill road provides employment social landmark major employer extra store eastern fringe boundary opened provides employment residents hill performs poorly comparison wider borough terms economic activity opportunity children ward live poverty second highest figure adult unemployment rate compared borough wide joint highest figure youth unemployment joint highest borough income residents regional median hill registered businesses compared borough average residents self employed compared borough nationally overall hill falls deprived regions england according index multiple leisure recreation libraries hill central library largest metropolitan borough nearby leisure centre park close parks parks hill hill park small play area junction hill road known locals park previously resource play area rebuilt cost includes spring mounted play items rope walks play equipment whilst improvements lighting pathways drainage football area park valuable social open area april hosted community play event organised council encourage physical activity attended residents whilst hosted annual mark turner memorial day fundraising event begun turner sheriff hill resident killed whilst duty afghanistan guests attended including michael hood mayor second park hill reservoir park occupies site covered reservoir hill roads larger park containing play area contained sports area paid fundraising local residents size football pitch base sheriff hill football club mixed sex club players substantially funded council venues evidence 18th century precise locations names unknown white listed brown adjoining hill pottery hill lane likely venue earlier second likely old inn located near brown hill lane listed later listed free arms brown free arms established thriving continued 20th century slightly different names old brown arms despite document referring social landmarks experienced significant recent years future extremely uncertain brown closed derelict years application convert property block apartments application declined pub surrounding area new application yorkshire homes convert public house single residential property approved arms continued trade vacant july inn fire immediately sale owners culture community structures listed english_heritage hill buildings hill road listed locally council lady church added local list centre centre road south east boundary hill provides key cluster community provisions residents facilities contribute regeneration suburb facilities utilised route community project registered charity based centre works lives neighbouring project works council housing company provide community cafe promoting healthy eating junction gymnasium indoor sports hall outdoor football pitches meeting place resident groups project education provision young children registered day care provider offers adult education training project hosts carnival hill festival collaborative enterprise route council home group offering free activities children soft play backdrop steel band second carnival hill held september attracted visitors including mayor bbc local paul transport principal roads hill local distributors hill road south lane east nursery lane suburb centrally journey time car bus town centre minutes minutes centre newcastle residents comparatively low level car ownership compared borough average residents travel work public transport hill bus route newcastle served bus services orbit travels interchange terminates buses serving hill operated north east administration nearest metro station nearest railway station interchange nearest airport newcastle international airport miles away education hill community primary school western end hill hill road pupils age range larger average school thirds pupils eligible schools meals national average school steady sustained improvement inspection found school good school rated outstanding excellent teaching leadership noted praised hill primary school suburb secondary technical school built closed 1990s majority children aged attend thomas hepburn community academy hill compares wider area respect adults educational qualifications adults educational qualifications compared england average adults equivalent compared nationally whilst adults suburb level equivalent religion according census hill residents identify christian marginally regional average higher national figure residents identify buddhist slightly fewer muslim religion residents identified jewish hindu percentage residents religion residents state religion lady church built modern roman_catholic_church located place worship suburb social hub hosting regular events christmas parish priest david taylor arrested connection number assaults young boys care suspended joint parish peter low fell taylor admitted charges durham crown court given prison sentence april final mass held bishop newcastle church closed building remains standing property company inviting church adjoining land academic texts


steep hampshire steep village civil parish east hampshire district hampshire england nearest town lies miles south village road nearest railway station miles south village public houses inn 18th century grade listed building according census population iron age roman remains found area steep included detached parish called lies deeply west sussex detached hampshire returned west sussex new law came effect church saints built medieval times steep included parish east independent parish village location school progressive public school history roman village spelled ways including 14th century 17th century evidence roman occupation village pottery coins roman villa discovered bell hill directly opposite village centre roman earthworks ridge found hill suggests evidence roman roads passing causeway iron age remains found area include pottery boilers site sub rectangular enclosure found steep village centre bronze age house excavated parish medieval tudor village mentioned survey likely included entry beginning unknown point medieval period village steep included detached parish called lies miles east county west sussex situated near counties act detached steep west sussex ecclesiastical reasons split individual settlements north south annexed steep likely settled late anglo saxon period documented place 12th century church saints built oldest surviving dwelling village dates late 16th century lies opposite church early medieval period steep included sub parish east steep local cloth making industry mills operation driven nearby stream early 17th century described historian william page great rebuilding village redevelopment wooden buildings replaced stone structures decline cloth making industry caused depression half 17th century resulted closure mills 19th century second world war 1830s british agricultural revolution disturbed traditional society created class labourers struggled support families rural areas led unrest known swing riots swept southern england consequently reaching september parliamentary enclosure acts established new land pattern nearby steep marsh exists today extensive land drainage constructed water stream artificial flooding hay meadows steep grown use local produced commercial use condensed milk factory operation steep marsh voluntary schools built steep constructed william school constructed cost approximately time children source described school constructed located west sussex world war poet edward thomas lived village children attended school wife taught geography demographics steep located eastern southern hampshire south east england miles north nearest town parish covers area acres acres permanent grass acres fertile land acres woodland village situated foot steep forested slopes hill hill lie western edge south downs national park parish streams stream rises lodge flows east steep marsh second stream rises foot hill follows northern boundaries parish joining stream close village sheet main roads run parish east road southwest winding steep slopes hill soil clay sandy gravel sand prominent crops wheat smaller number according census steep population people notable landmarks church saints constructed 12th century parts date original design chancel measures feet feet nave measures feet feet north south run feet feet wide respectively eastern bays south arcade nave date probable oldest masonry site belongs older church north aisle constructed evidence suggest wooden north west tower existed approximately north aisle added width determined projection north chapel west east walls taken time different thickness walls present church suggests wall length bays arcade taken rebuilt 13th century church underwent restoration spent cost grade listed public house built 18th century campaign real national inventory historic pub interiors


hamlet parish northwestern united_kingdom located miles southwest village miles southwest city population people accessed lane goes join coast road public provide access fields hamlet consists mainly farm operation vicinity park manor house park situated moss southeast southwest hamlet settlement derived meaning salt land old english anglo saxon times salt making major industry plain fortified roman period participated system called night watch guard coast incursions scots moss designated site special scientific interest forms coast area outstanding natural beauty home diversity wildlife including britain native snake varieties heather purple grass history comes old english meaning salt land anglo saxon times salt making major industry coast remains medieval salt near miles coast appears older documents variant including moss area common land hamlet bronze age kind sword discovered 1980s proving area settled ancient ago currently resides house museum archaeologists date crafted early axe polished axe dated period unearthed nearby arrival romans britain area fortified coastal defences extended western end wall participated system called night watch guard coast incursions scots incursions frequent occasion near local miller taken prisoner scottish raiders properties known date 16th century hamlet continually inhabited second world war newcastle area parish ended development 20th century saw new houses built mainline water electricity arrived later parts britain small population excavations enclosure moss southeast conducted robert house wind turbine approved construction spite local opposition miles northeast south join number wind turbines area geography farming lies near coast northwestern road situated miles south miles north miles southwest miles southwest shares close community ties nearby city provides wider amenities miles northeast shore bay inlet mere half mile west hamlet local word meaning stream flows fed irrigation channels eventually joins black dub drains moss site special scientific interest natural historical significance located designated area outstanding natural beauty covers plain moss area containing mainly grass according soil survey record combines characteristics raised valley lies atop deposits glacial sand ice age designated having cut irrigation channels site burning working moss different flora plain moss today common ground track runs provide access local farmers outlying fields surround irrigation ditch dug provide drainage surrounding farmland concern areas moss damaged partly destroyed result agricultural activity including digging drainage ditches natural england agency responsible management england suggested irrigation channels dug existing ones deepened area exposed surface water run natural england notes site continued status depends maintaining high water table climate like rest plain oceanic climate climate classification warm summers cool winters generally avoid extremes temperature cool climate average daytime highs july december lows recorded wet year round rain expected days months snowfall relatively uncommon flora fauna moss particular home variety plant animal life including rare specimens britain native snake seen moss prey small wild bird species inhabit surrounding area including larger species bred locally hunting moss contains varieties heather purple grass common areas cut past marsh landmarks amenities today small settlement home approximately people houses fairly modern named heather moss view older floor cottages hamlet named anchorage features ship anchor scheme gates functioning farm passed lane hamlet farms hamlet surrounded farmland belonging local farmers road hamlet comes dead end accessed lane coastal road public end provide access fields emerging right pub centre village park manor house park situated southeast southwest hamlet borough council provides refuse collection modern amenities nearest primary schools primary school school near nearest secondary school beacon hill community school modern predominantly christian community local church located miles away bus service runs approximately hours requested stop near


sea sea town somerset england mouth river bay small fishing village late 18th century began grow popularity seaside resort forms parish sea shares town council neighbouring market town according census population parish including populations central north town totalled position town edge somerset levels meet bristol channel resulted history dominated land sea defences roman times seriously affected bristol channel floods present curved concrete wall completed gore sands lie offshore exposed low tides prominent landmarks town original lighthouse known round tower built replace light 14th century tower church foot metre pillar high lighthouse low wooden pile lighthouse lighthouse legs beach built replace town provided corporation stone pier built somerset central railway soon steamer service wales inaugurated commercial success ended sea railway station terminus branch somerset joint railway opened closed scheduled passenger traffic stopped great western railway station known second pier built concrete claimed shortest pier britain history derived called king alfred old english words meaning stream enclosure sea added later towns england history sea history somerset levels river bristol channel romans peoples try reclaim somerset levels people probably settlers high sand dunes river maintain navigational systems aid ships entering river romans left system drainage installed maintained areas reverted tidal salt flat anglo saxon period likely time norman book settlements existed common boundary running church lands given gloucester abbey 12th century later transferred wells cathedral houses surrounding church earliest recorded incidents affect town bristol channel floods flood defences installed concrete wall built second world war additions defences sea added bringing remains harbour normandy landings burying sand today town defended flooding large curved concrete wall completed following flooding wall runs serves canvas wide variety graffiti street art uss class destroyer united_states_navy built transferred british agreement united_kingdom exchanging american destroyers bases atlantic transferred royal_navy served hms second world war formally adopted sea aircraft training duties western approaches command allowed contingent ship visit town march streets reduced reserve haven wales november ultimately scrapped december geography sea notable beach danger pose individuals shipping efforts locals gone defending town preventing loss life close estuary river flows bristol channel second highest tidal range world second bay eastern canada extensive mud flats characteristic bay rest bristol channel tide miles kilometres bay consists large areas mud flats ridges designated site special scientific interest designated wetland international importance convention apex leisure wildlife park south west corner sea north river occupies area acres hectares park created excavated clay pits flooded lakes home types wildlife leisure activities point extending bay west sea close mouth river landscape point dominated nuclear power stations point closed point twin unit european planned point climate rest south west england temperate climate generally rest country annual mean temperature approximately seasonal temperature variation extreme united_kingdom adjacent sea temperatures summer months july august mean daily approximately winter mean minimum temperatures common summer azores high pressure affects south west england convective cloud forms inland reducing number hours sunshine annual sunshine rates slightly regional average hours december days sun recorded rainfall south west caused atlantic depressions convection rainfall autumn winter caused atlantic depressions active summer large proportion rainfall caused sun heating ground leading convection showers thunderstorms average rainfall days snowfall typical november march highest mean wind speeds june august winds predominant wind direction south west sea defences seriously affected bristol channel floods flood defences installed concrete sea wall built world war additions defences remains harbour december large storm hit north somerset coast meteorological conditions resulted intense secondary low pressure area moving rapidly knots mph bristol channel pressure dropping inches mercury caused large rising surge sea level maximum surge point measured tidal level ordnance measured wind measured knots mph west topping sea defences stretch somerset coast locations began continued wind speed reached knots mph west loss life resultant flooding covered acres land affecting houses commercial properties worth livestock killed feed grain destroyed water authority estimated total cost damage caused resulted year programme sea defence assessment repair improvement largest occupied town surge affected area bore resultant damage properties affected stone concrete sea wall ripped destroyed total damage parish estimated emergency repairs undertaken water authority began planning new sea defences town construction work started scheme creating britain biggest wave return wall scheme raised level sea wall creating long high sea wall new wider taking years complete coming operation beach access series raised steps visitors vehicle access points closed storms sealed gates gore sands sent corporation replacement boat royal national funded town arrived removed difficulty getting crew launching arrangements suitable powered boat current sea station base royal national institution search rescue operations present station opened operates class rigid boat class sea area rescue boat known search rescue set fund operate rescue craft bay area boat house sea built challenge hall year old girl worcester died mud flats help reach outcry death prompted western daily press campaign fund currently operates spirit alongside sister light elizabeth named sister present modern quiet residential town outside holiday season years community gained patronage known brands seen modern day high streets driven modern housing development east town allowing easy access bristol north south noted retirement town west previously purpose built supermarket site railway station opened operated november established town high street area retailers large number vintage goods national brands boots coffee present major banks local building societies found high street whilst operates main public houses sea governance civil parish sea responsibility local issues including setting annual local rate cover council operating costs producing annual accounts public scrutiny parish council local planning applications works local police district council officers neighbourhood watch groups matters crime security traffic parish council role includes initiating projects maintenance repair parish facilities consulting district council maintenance repair improvement highways drainage public transport street cleaning recent years parish council significant grant local organisations events currently debate underway correct monitoring grants following allegations large ancient parish late 19th century included hamlet rural areas separate civil parish divided new civil parishes north urban district urban district renamed sea urban district annexed urban district combined urban district civil parish local government act town falls non metropolitan district formed legislation responsible local planning building control local roads council housing environmental health markets refuse collection recycling leisure services parks tourism somerset county council responsible running largest expensive local services education social services libraries main roads public transport fire services trading standards waste disposal strategic planning electoral town central north making total population census mentioned falls wells county constituency member parliament house_of_commons parliament united_kingdom past post voting system liberal democrats south west england european parliament method party list proportional representation landmarks position near mouth river constantly shifting sands bristol channel significant risk shipping area result built original lighthouse known round tower built local vicar john walter harris raised subscription local population replace light church tower storey round tower built church taken improved trinity house operated following storeys removed pillar high lighthouse designed built joseph nelson trinity house equipped lamp ground floor diameter room automated sold member family owned bought auction patrick conversion residential use included removal 6th floor construction stairs previously grade listed building available holiday lets low wooden pile lighthouse lighthouse legs built years later joseph nelson complement high lighthouse total high light sand stands wooden piers plate metal reinforcement structure vertical red stripe sea lights inactive recommissioned high lighthouse lights permanently focal plane provide white flash seconds plus directional light white red green depending direction focal plane pier stone pier constructed somerset central railway soon steamer service wales inaugurated commercial success ended pier retains railway lines surface coating concrete concrete pier built claimed shortest pier britain rated piers britain daily express listed buildings sea contains listed buildings early 19th century including number known house numbers road near high lighthouse numbers terrace built number previously lodge corner road sea view drinking fountain single dressed stone pier topped cast iron lions head design north south sides giving water marble bowl education primary schools town providing education children age include church_of_england primary school sea community school andrew church_of_england junior school joseph catholic primary school nursery nearest secondary school king alfred school comprehensive school located referred college school specialist sports college school celebrated 50th anniversary facilities dual use king alfred sports centre school site shared school town religious sites parish church andrew grade listed building dating 14th century high tower significantly vertical caused poor foundations 18th century light placed tower guide fishing boats harbour church contains number marble carvings designed sir christopher private chapel palace westminster places worship roman catholics witnesses town transport sea railway station terminus branch somerset joint railway tracks continued ferry services south wales boarded station opened renamed sea closed scheduled passenger traffic stopped finally closed goods traffic great western railway station known station opened june bristol exeter railway opened broad gauge line far road crossed line north end platforms goods shed provided west line bristol exeter railway amalgamated great western railway january town approximately motorway road culture sport town west country carnival circuit golf course lies north town hole championship course voted courses sea noted venue water sports sailing club land activities cater dominant resident elderly population seasonal tourists including swimming pool sports academy sea rugby union club founded wound world war club subsequently reformed winning tribute somerset premier season promoted western counties north start season moved tribute western counties west division english rugby union south west division sea cricket club established played continuously club currently plays somerset cricket league ground situated road boasts fine facilities best known player club history woods played test cricket england australia 1890s club provided number players somerset county championship competition town twice year food drink festival focused producers radius notable residents thomas marine biologist born town birthplace john theoretical chemist novelist english sent sea convent school town home walter pete couple married years longest marriage britain arthur gilbert confirmed world oldest lives competes town george factor boy band union lived sea attended king alfred school studied resident world champion scottish player anderson twin towns sea france