girls girls american animated television series created animator cartoon network centers bubbles girls father scientist professor live fictional city usa girls frequently called town naive mayor help fight nearby criminals powers originally developed cartoon short entitled second year following change cartoon network featured girls pilots animation showcase program cartoon series official debut cartoon cartoon november final episode airing march total episodes aired addition pilot shorts christmas special feature film addition tenth anniversary special cgi special input series nominated emmy awards annie awards kids choice award run spin media include anime soundtracks home video collection series video games licensed merchandise series received generally positive reception won awards june cartoon network announced series premiered united_states april premise revolves adventures girls pink bubbles blue green plot episode usually humorous variation standard superhero shows girls powers defend town villains giant monsters addition girls deal normal issues young children face sibling rivalries loose teeth personal going school bed dependence security blanket episodes contain hidden references older pop culture especially noticeable episode meet beat homage beatles cartoon tries different ideas episode small tributes parodies thrown set mainly city usa depicted major american city consisting major review girls movie movie critic bob atlanta journal constitution said intricate drawings 1950s futuristic like david american creations pop culture exquisite high art characters depicted opening sequence episode girls created professor attempt create perfect little girls mixture sugar nice shown respective fields light blue light green pink accidentally mysterious substance called chemical mixture creating instead perfect little girl girls possessing elements dominating personality granting including flight super strength super speed near ray vision super senses heat vision energy projection control lightning original pilot accidental substance replaced chemical aired version girls oval shaped heads large eyes inspired margaret art arms legs lack ears fingers flat feet toes preferred look symbolic actual girls going realistic look meaning fewer body parts needed wear dresses match colors eyes black stripes white black mary secret identities closing theme cartoon offers description girls personalities commander leader bubbles joy laughter cause toughest fighter voiced self proclaimed leader girls personality ingredient nice signature color pink long red hair red bow heart shaped seen named having spoken freely honestly professor shortly creation shown girls movie seen level headed composed member group strong determined unique power freezing objects breath seen episode ice sore bubbles voiced strong series cartoon episodes cute sensitive personality ingredient sugar signature color blue short blonde hair bubbles seen kind sweet capable extreme rage fight monsters sisters best friend stuffed octopus doll calls loves animals exhibits ability understand multiple languages communicate animals cats monsters unique power waves voice voiced daily toughest personality ingredient signature color green short black hair flip loves dirty fights hard plays rough plan action girl unique super power aside able tongue shown episode special shown stronger sisters example takes monsters self defeats originally wanted character friend suggested production year character animation program created series short cartoons based character called neck joe june created drawing girls small sheet orange construction paper birthday card design brother following year included girls main characters short film girls sticky situation initially wanted girls shorts came shorts selected shown spike mike sick twisted festival animation working stupid dogs girls short picked series cartoon network dropped channel include new cartoon animated shorts showcase sounded inappropriate pronounced ass girls girls ass renamed chemical new short entitled girls meat aired network world premiere february short popular laboratory project classmate directed episodes girls worked popular shorts laboratory network cartoon network executive mike allowed produce new girls short titled crime aired cartoon early announcer anderson narrator pilot episodes died cancer replaced tom kenny remainder series girls series debut november highest rated premiere cartoon network history time run series consistently scored highest rating original series week network wide range demographics young children adults october cartoon network credited series friday night prime time ratings win cable networks end merchandising based series encompassed variety products including shirts toys video games concerning success stated thought cartoon network college kids watch random shirts rave scene record shops idea extent following series fourth season left girls focus new animated series foster home imaginary friends leaving chris place original run episode march seasons cartoon network offered seventh season girls believed series run course original episodes hand drawn produced rough draft studios south_korea cartoon shorts animated animal house japan second animated cartoons philippines james thomas chase stephen composed opening theme series scottish band performed ending theme song played credits opening theme uses sped drum break sample funky drummer performed clyde tenth anniversary special august revealed account announced year comic con working cartoon network new half hour girls special celebrate series tenth anniversary special titled girls rule aired pan euro cartoon network november girls birthday marathon united_states january 10th anniversary marathon unlike previous episodes series anniversary special animated flash cartoon network studios march series returned cartoon network revived block cartoon planet special january new cgi special titled girls dance announced premiere year later delayed january promoted special cartoon network singing new original song wish girl previews leading voiced new character named episode special directed dave smith directed episodes series past featured original cast members reprising roles girls special marked time series creator input episode plot mojo kidnap opera singer girls rescue defeat mojo kidnapping plan goes evil video game called dance pants common sense media gave special stars citing update original animation style recommends older kids age gon nation gave rank described good special return characters grew said special flaws den geek gave special said reboot needs jump start want want better merchandise media anime manga april plans japanese anime version girls announced series premiered japan following year half hour episodes airing saturday july december january june series american predecessor terms style storyline characterization retained essential themes original success characters feature junior high school students hyper rolling bubbles powered manga adaptation illustrated serialized magazine june july film girls movie released united_states july warner cartoon network movie prequel series tells story girls created mojo girls created professor help city crime end causing chaos refers turn mojo monkey says help people like unknown girls mojo professor lab cause girls super smart result jealous mojo ends girls helping machine seeing girls run away shame come seeing professor trouble end beating mojo army smart saving day new defenders movie received rating rotten_tomatoes receive criticism violence involved movie grossed million worldwide million budget music soundtracks officially released series entitled heroes villains features original songs girls characters number artists including new wave group stereo frank black album topping billboard children music chart weeks album entitled city features electronica style character themes critics album entitled power pop features teen oriented variety pop songs album considered big disappointment received parodies comics crossover parody girls broke girls cartoon network series mad second season known broke girls parody aired january bubbles broke work got placed permanent hiatus strong bubbles tom kane reprised roles mad episode parody ranked week million viewers february publishing announced partnership cartoon network produce comics based properties girls titles announced published fan produced series called girls created released comics girls shown bit older personalities counterparts comic includes characters cartoon shows story girls going school neighboring city known comic outstanding superhero comic outstanding character art winner web cartoonist choice awards shortly cgi special release comic published publishing withdrawn retailers complained wanted boycott issue comic shows girls breasts dressed latex designed artist works cartoon network artist thinking lines female empowerment kind thing guys talking cartoon network said statement recognise fans reaction cover longer releasing comic book shops toys august october subway promoted series toys kids meals set kids meal toys available april dairy queen promotion included offering girls vhs jack box released girls toys july tie girls movie february king began week promotion featuring girls dragon ball toys special codes online cartoon network cartoon orbit video games video games action genre girls bad mojo released november follows tries beat mojo game called simple boring gamespot failure critically girls paint green game released november follows fights crime girls battle follows bubbles fight released february girls chemical traction released october girls battle enemies variety settings order reclaim chemical track mojo fed material villains ign gave game positive review giving version bad review girls released november girls playable world game received mixed reviews girls mojo released centers girls mission stop mojo game received mixed reviews girls seek released girls battle variety enemies hunt game received positive reviews games series include girls mojo clone zone girls princess girls mojo pet project girls reception critical reception entertainment_weekly review complimented spot pop culture sense fun giving warm welcome earlier lame superhero cartoons grew peter marks new_york_times noted use adult humor pop culture references declaring sort playful satire appeal viewer common sense media describes cute highly stylized series thrills senses strange characters funny situations lots humor goes innocent violent time protecting young viewers violent robert lloyd times said series based violence cute guide chose girls list greatest cartoon characters time ign ranked series 18th primetime animated series time list delta express promoted series having boeing jet painted special featuring characters bubbles exterior plane inaugural flight held logan international airport boston massachusetts july aircraft different girls theme promote girls movie girls series won primetime annie awards including wins nominated total sixteen times awards awards nominations


foot grave foot grave british bbc television sitcom series written david series seven christmas specials year period early late series broadcast january january years appeared christmas specials followed final series series features exploits victor played richard wilson long suffering wife margaret played wilson initially turned david considered les role wilson changed mind programmes invariably deal battle problems creates set typical suburb southern england victor takes early retirement efforts busy encountering themes sitcom indoor scenes filmed bbc television centre exterior scenes filmed way hampshire border despite traditional production series domestic sitcom setting elements black humour series occasionally subject controversy darker story elements received number awards including bafta best comedy programme came british film institute greatest british television programmes series originally shown bbc available dvd regularly repeated united_kingdom gold episodes remade bbc radio series inspired novel published featuring memorable moments series christmas special plot series features exploits victor forced retire job security guard finds war world cursed complaining married long suffering wife margaret left witnesses victor wrath family friend jean door couple patrick victor nemesis trench patrick discovers victor bizarre situations leading believe insane neighbour overly charity worker nick adds victor frustration set traditional suburban setting genre strong black comedy series valley fear episode caused controversy victor finds frozen cat writer david combined elements tragedy example final episode victor killed hit run driver explicit reference victor margaret children episode timeless time contained reference named stuart strong son died child number episodes experimental took place entirely setting episodes include victor margaret stuck traffic jam victor margaret bed suffering victor left house waiting jury service victor margaret having long wait solicitor waiting room victor margaret trying cope power cut hottest night year despite margaret frequent husband antics series shows couple deep affection demonstrated times series characters main characters victor richard wilson victor main protagonist sitcom finds constantly battling life throws like plots pointed interview victor ironic ends loser buried alive prosecuted attacking pit bull collection victor tries adjust life infamous replacement box place employment avail believes going wrong time right upset fault victor tragic comedy character sympathy directed embroiled complex bureaucratic times sheer bad luck audience sees philosophical character degree optimism façade collapses events better verbal onslaught forthcoming victor include believe don believe bloody hell despite demeanor victor isn totally devoid compassion hearts darkness elderly nursing home residents staff descent calls incident room number gives location emotionally disturbed girl abducted baby stole margaret pearl resulted girl getting picked police girl friend margaret knowing meant lot victor said victor shown vast loyalty margaret entire years lifelong marriage thought infidelity occurred dust victor margaret days courtship party victor says choice leaves margaret stunned episode margaret recounts time victor took ended getting stuck hall mirrors hour victor said didn mind happy stay look reflections victor best act compassion came episode wisdom witch ends saving patrick life new secretary boyfriend forcing patrick murderer window house trapped margaret née victor long suffering tolerant kind hearted wife margaret tries maintain degree rise husband antics confusion anger victor early episodes character acts comic foil victor examples include asking cat found frozen definitely dead mentioning friend died terminal illness victor reminds woman actually fell cliff margaret went seaside later episodes margaret develops complex character shown fiercely protective marriage victor easily suspicious jealous example dutch victor occupied repairing episode hole sky eventually leading destroy affair hollow lady played barbara windsor develops soft spot victor tries convince margaret revenge margaret assaults pair boxing gloves margaret shown contemplated infidelity man called ben met holiday episode warm champagne decides cheating victor episode sums relationship victor telling ben sensitive person met love constantly want ram head television screen began develop sense slowly beginning world way husband victor sees especially evident things aren simple anymore voices world speed greed dust margaret recounts time chose victor party power cut shared bodies garden moment passion went inside lights came margaret realised grabbed hold wrong person margaret demeanor stem incident school child day opened door cage flew straight hit window killing stayed cage despite best efforts come day school teacher asked class write story happened margaret wrote story teacher margaret read loud class resulted laughing realized teacher deliberately cruel knew wanted leave cage margaret said typically long use word god usually making reasons victor occasionally inadvertently aided way leaving phone hook giving permission enter house isn jean mantle friend margaret annoying victor eyes attached accompanying exploits early series married seen chris eventually left private detective hired suspected having affair divorced bears victor temper nature occasion saw victor asking pick suit dry return costume occasion saw victor dog owner died victor spent time building garden arrives dog mention dog stuffed victor margaret occasion won competition prize earn life size model delivered house chose turned hated victor margaret ended despite friends driven margaret distraction occasions notably story stayed flat flooded drove margaret point distraction complaining jean shown somewhat absent minded character pet despite having lifelong feathers bore showing complete collection holiday pictures times running joke beating victor board games including trivial pursuit chess having conversation mantle described character wanting right thing finding wrong thing patrick trench angus patrick wife live door victor catches victor seemingly situations context perfectly couple relationship neighbours begins badly victor mistakes patrick distant relations arrive outside realising door neighbours having lengthy holiday day victor margaret moved victor subsequently invites pair stay later incidents cause patrick suspect victor insane possibly bordering patrick rift victor eventually transforms cynical character like victor responds similarly ways means trying settle score example writing complaints grievances post notes aspect patrick character came head episode song face temporarily victor looks mirror mentioned times patrick like children patrick claims rendered freak accident blames victor adopts called describes baby substitute frequently appears patrick series despite animosity victor ends saving patrick life wisdom witch trench née patrick wife sought friendly relations good friends margaret women usually attempt men peace series eventually patrick proposes trenches house soon realise curse followed victor sent home thinking removal men initially come wrong house fact house clearance firm margaret employed clear late cousin country mansion consequently cleared patrick house entire furniture sold mere seventy pounds slightly dim described victor answering machine message unaware listening example believing victor murdered elderly blind man simply victim found double hand victor nose new neighbours betty replaced trenches special turned appearances series said emigrated penultimate episode caused nick leap straight offer old house series saw trenches return prominent characters albeit living house distance despite appearing series christmas specials trenches share scene nick owen excessively cheerful oblivious appeared episode encouraging victor join trip greeted victor trademark abuse house discover neighbour living trenches remains continuously optimistic told victor laughed despite run later befriends victor frequently chat gardens victor surprised activities ranging preparing amateur props bizarre games arranges mother audience actually despite occasionally drop guard displaying apparent depression boy scout following mother death moved house near end series went far trenches old house claiming wanted live end house leaving area took victor surprise learn moving garden departure suddenly appeared characters gordon barbara constantly cheerful incredibly boring couple provided annoyance upcoming visits victor said hoped dead worst horror couple attempted surprise visit hid house impression away holiday took phone hook days efforts avoid vain referenced number times series giving bizarre unwanted presents seldom opened usually involving photograph final series clear façade particularly dark scene hanged game happy families shot feet outside window usually cut pre watershed screenings alfred richard pearson victor absent minded brother lives new_zealand episode broken reflection comes visit years disdain victor alfred eccentric character walking hat fire bringing victor great grandfather skull clumsy character table cloth dropping contents floor stands breaking mirror middle night reflection victor starts warm alfred end visit alfred leaves early day finding unpleasant message victor accidentally recorded seen keeps touch victor seen looking photographs alfred sent trial cousin john cousin appeared twice series considered fairly boring middle aged man final series effects stroke rendered mute forced speak aid electronic voice generator poor generator led asking victor bra soup opposed bar soap describing visit opposed brother great aunt uncle dick unseen characters mentioned victor margaret aging grim couple victor margaret having great aunt mentioned having glass eye habit bizarre items gloves victor uncle dick wooden arm final comic relief episode nurse mistakenly placed false arm hours trip hospital trying remove kidney stone wire coat unseen character local aunt characters turn advice episode secret seven patrick heard talking radio seeking advice cope victor margaret invite dinner martin trout peter cook foot manages number photographs involving high ranking politician trout compares potential impact photos affair way sell images loses roll film whilst arguing phone box subsequently pursues retrieve suffers number disasters related unrelated victor margaret find film actually fallen lining jacket journey lost door car roll brief spell hospital trout attempts leave taxi involved car crash production production conventional sitcom format episodes taped live studio audience pre filmed location material series foot grave produced directed susan exceptions love death partly directed veteran sitcom director sydney fact originally commissioned series stepped direct sequences taken ill retired ill health final series produced directed wilson felt experience working earlier series foot production secretary assistant shows meant style similar aiding transition directors foot film exterior sequences favourable climate easy access london economical benefits relative filming capital series filmed house near house location sequences changed hands new owners demanded nearly usage fees previous owners asked agree production team decided find new house episode second series rewritten house destroyed fire filmed waste ground road gave opportunity new interior set designed unhappy original set designed series felt restrictive shoot series exterior scenes home filmed way near new hampshire later series extensive use specific street garden locations episodes particularly scenes involving neighbours outside locations filmed include richmond hill drive pier town hall college hospital royal victoria hospital later episodes hearts darkness filmed entirely location victor death hit run driver final episode filmed railway station hampshire fans left floral tributes site history featured number notable comic actors roles included blake john bird tim taylor peter cook diana daniels edward hannah gordon jimmy jewel stephen lewis brian murphy christopher ryan barbara windsor ray angus radio active stars michael stevens cast separate episodes respectively brother brother law character little known actors appeared roles going greater fame including davis walker produced aspect ratio years later returned television final series produced aspect ratio episodes standard definition music foot grave theme song written composed sung idle longer version produced special foot released single remixes karaoke version november idle included live version song album idle sings similar adaptation bread heaven episode beast cage car mechanics music series accompanied beginning end episode series extensive use incidental music composed hinted particular genre fit mood scenes frequently incorporating known pieces music god rest merry gentlemen jean suite christmas special margaret alleged death scene compilation clips past episodes accompanied song river runs deep performed final episode ended montage victor encountered mentioned episode backed end line traveling awards programme received number prestigious awards won bafta best comedy programme series year run series nominated times richard wilson won best light entertainment performance nominated award series won best television sitcom royal television society british comedy award best sitcom foot grave came tenth bbc poll find britain best sitcom votes programme came british film institute greatest british television programmes controversies number complaints series run depiction animal deaths example episode valley fear dead cat found later cited positive feature programme daring scripts britain best sitcom advocate programme scene episode hearts darkness elderly resident abused old people home following complaints scene slightly cut episode repeated dvd commentary episode david stated continued opposition cuts controversial scene episode tales terror saw visit understanding gone upstairs game happy families returned shows feet hanging outside window revealing committed suicide broadcasting standards commission received complaints scene final episode things aren simple originally aired november coincided broadcast winner version wants millionaire filmed sunday broadcast itv accused engineering order damage final episode expected high ratings later cleared independent television commission cultural impact series popularity people constantly complain irritated minor things compared victor british media disputes usage claiming victor reactions entirely proportion things happen integrated plots dialogue series novel published bbc books adapted episodes bbc radio aired january february episodes alive buried airport hear scream timeless time beast cage regularly repeated digital speech station bbc radio extra available audio wilson saying character don believe performs line charity events small fee joke actor guest appearance father episode mainland constantly repeating situation conceived father writers graham arthur sat wilson performance royal albert hall considered wrong lean forward time stunt realised exactly fictional priests played wilson guest appearance comedy shooting stars bob referring richard don believe wilson vhs dvd releases series specials initially available bbc worldwide vhs video tapes late 1990s early 2000s comic relief shorts released dvd foot grave best dvd featuring greatest episodes released october region july foot grave best released region series gradually released dvd region complete series box set end series box set released region foreign versions german version series mit grab directed thomas frank starred swedish version produced commercial television channel starred victor wife total episodes broadcast dutch version title met starred victor series directed directed highly successful series heel adapted dutch television harm wrote series lasted season american sitcom starring bill ran cbs loosely based series


british sitcom created richard curtis starring title role wrote episodes curtis robin ben writing pilot thirteen episodes broadcast itv pilot january october clip best bits broadcast december episode hair london broadcast nickelodeon based character originally developed studying master degree oxford_university series follows exploits described child grown man body solving problems presented everyday tasks causing disruption process rarely speaks largely physical humour series derived interactions people unusual solutions situations series influenced physical performers comic actors silent films year run series gained large audience figures including million episode trouble series received number international awards including rose sold territories worldwide inspired animated cartoon spin feature films appearance london summer olympics opening ceremony background influences character developed studying master degree electrical engineering queen college oxford sketch featuring character performed edinburgh fringe early 1980s similar character called robert box played appeared itv sitcom laughter featured routines film earliest appearances occurred laughs comedy festival montreal quebec canada programme scheduling festival programme insisted perform french speaking bill english speaking programme having french dialogue act programme understand wanted perform french bill turned act festival test platform character wanted silent character physical comedy fare international stage non english speaking audience character decided programme produced number vegetable influenced names explored cited earlier comedy character created french comedian director influence character similar early silent films relying purely physical comedy speaking little dialogue like live action series time features laugh track allowed series sold worldwide significant changes dialogue november told daily_telegraph intentions retire character stating 50s little sad characters recurring props title character played brings unusual schemes everyday tasks lives address flat road seen trademark jacket red tie usually wears digital watch rarely speaks generally words low pitched voice names profession mentioned film adaptation appears passport field shown employed guard london national gallery holiday listed passport actor unaware basic aspects way world works programme usually features attempts normally considered simple tasks going swimming television set going church humour largely comes original absurd solutions problems total disregard solving occasional beginning episode onwards falls sky beam light accompanied choir singing est man recorded cathedral choir opening sequences initially black white episodes intended producers status ordinary man cast spotlight later episodes showed dropping night sky deserted london street backdrop paul cathedral end episodes shown right sky respective background scenes black scene episode street scene episode acknowledged slightly alien aspect animated series episode double trouble taken inside spacecraft aliens look exactly like toys obvious homage aliens send home beam light music similar opening original series extraterrestrial clear girlfriend played appears episodes curse goes town character simply credited girlfriend treated relatively appears regard friend companion love interest jealous dances man disco goes town certainly propose christmas day merry christmas failure results leaving good character appear subsequent episodes later appears animated series spin book diary states met local library played mother comic relief extra accompanied female companion portrayed thompson overall appearance resembles bear best friend little brown bear button eyes shaped limbs invariably end broken half states destruction pretends alive example fingers bear head falls backwards fallen asleep instantly finger prop head bear real buying christmas present trying wake bear schemes doubles tool items room paint brush wash pet hair london win pet filming sits replica mini display national motor museum years undergone changes debuted trouble smaller head episodes later head reached current size eyes present placed gold thumb face eyes replaced small white buttons face giving distinct image car car british mini developed character sorts series central antics getting dressed driving sitting roof starting number locks keys attempting avoid car park fee driving entrance orange mini registration destroyed screen crash end episode car model registration austin green colour black mini number innovative security measures example uses bolt lock fitted car removes steering wheel instead key formed running joke episodes point car thief changing parking spaces identical mini registration school car crushed tank fortunately survives automobile colour scheme mini appeared character animated cartoons registration film holiday registration seen left hand drive version mini owned character feature film sequence involving mini driving department store shot included final cut filming ended original sold hired events temporarily displayed major attraction group museum purchased cars stars motor museum display longer having sold went america germany built replica replica promote animated series display national motor museum reliant starting episode long running feud unseen driver light blue reliant iii registration usually turned crashed parking space forth mini usually oblivious results running joke series reliant pulls recognises car pretends leaves reliant reappears animated series mini animated series episode young identity reliant driver revealed time albeit shown flashback child characters significant character programme appear usually antics girlfriend characters episode notable british actors appear alongside sketches supporting characters including owen richard angus stephen frost nick christopher ryan paul caroline roger lloyd pack david richard wilson episodes episodes produced tiger aspect productions additionally character sketches guest appearances television commercials united_kingdom music features choral theme tune key major written howard performed choir cathedral later christ church cathedral oxford words sung title sequences latin est man sung beginning end sung advertisement break sung advertisement break est farewell man sung end theme later released album choral works wrote accompanying music track episodes episode feature choral theme tune instead beat instrumental piece composed howard incidental tune theme drove locations intimidating blue reliant heard later episodes nemesis seen instrumental theme tune animated series finale double trouble episode howard choral theme tune richard curtis comedy vicar heard playing car stereo merry christmas playing queen royal guards set british quoted theme goes forth appears music video comic relief fund raising single pace called appeared music video single picture song featured soundtrack movie comic relief record want elected credited campaign featuring bruce cover alice cooper song reached number singles chart awards episode won golden rose major prizes rose light entertainment festival episode curse nominated number bafta awards best light entertainment programme best comedy programme series nominated times best light entertainment performance spin offs animated series revived animated cartoon series featuring little dialogue little series consist episodes segments expanded number additional characters featuring unpleasant wicket evil eyed cat reprised role animated actions taken characters voices provided jon martin king october reported animated initially targeted adults february series officially announced shortly world video game based animated series released december person games released pal playstation nintendo nintendo wii official games released including world flying available apple app store google play amazon marketplace film adaptations films featuring released ultimate disaster movie directed smith released reprising title role broke program tradition subplot developed characters instead sole centre attention interacted suburban family stayed overseeing transfer mother los_angeles art gallery film grossed million globally million usa budget estimated million february script outline movie set australia rumoured developed screenwriter richard curtis march news broke second film holiday development reprising title role film changes development including french filming began began post production october released united_kingdom march july north american premiere held montreal quebec canada laughs festival launching pad character years earlier film released nationwide north_america august film follows journey france holiday french number screening video diary cannes film festival film stage considered live action appearance character later played london olympic opening ceremony stated retire character directed steve grossed nearly million globally million united_states london olympic opening ceremony character represented plays single note performance fire summer olympics opening ceremony instead usual brown sports jacket wears white tie tails like musicians performance bored playing note repeatedly gets jealous interesting played grand piano bored takes mobile phone takes picture looking comical fashion tries retrieve bag finds reach playing note umbrella retrieve finally blows nose throws grand piano falls asleep continuing play note dream sequence opening scene film fire shows characters running beach running begins fall car overtake running runner tries overtake crosses line wakes rest orchestra stopped playing continued recurring note realising encouragement conductor simon plays extended flourish lastly touches note makes sound stops books books released related original series diary pocket diary books identical content differ format printed content template diary content provide additional information setting example establish lives flat named wicket confirm girlfriend man actually dances goes town additional book called diary released accompany animated series book graded children reader appearances appeared character normally factual television broadcasts publicity stunt promote new episode dvd film music videos commercials home media series available number thames television vhs compilations united_kingdom region episodes released yearly basis universal pictures complete collection available including feature films extras episodes released vhs home video united_states 1990s united_states region complete series available home video documentary story edited usa dvd sets originally minutes broadcast minutes dvd american dvd notably version section detailing tall guy humorous clips film removed american dvd features edits british dvd missing comments set comments jeff clips record selling videos withdrawn shortly release dvds released annual basis august official youtube channel launched featuring content live action animated series series released shout factory north_america march dvd coincide 25th anniversary set contains digitally remastered episodes similar british release minute story additional scenes turkey weight sale marching playing matches bus stop library sketches trailer animated series best bits minute clip vhs format dvd format volumes best dvd release released march dvd digitally mastered coincide series 25th anniversary popular culture sale worldwide enabled character secure place popular culture countries notably number public figures compared character usually insult tony blair prime minister united_kingdom identified homer simpson cartoon form greeted simpsons united_kingdom episode eponymous programme allegedly demonstrating stereotypical view british americans arthur royal_navy captives held iran iranian seizure royal_navy personnel stated captors mocked calling referee sean regularly nicknamed nationally broadcast commentary australian television radio personality ray warren result similar appearance vincent cable acting leader liberal democrats described recent decline prime minister gordon brown fortunes remarkable transformation weeks spanish prime minister mocked country facial resemblance computer broke spain official website presidency european_union character page website compared discussing government policies deemed unsuccessful visual jokes series experiments discovery channel series episode mind control idea painting room stick explosives placed paint episode tested deemed impossible adequate coverage achieved image internet usually accompanied statement know mean characters like played similar characters works film rat race manga parody found minor character appearing chapter contained vol identical tends main character comic relief video game resident evil opening sequence streets city british mini seen parked influential later series world lee evans private eye magazine features cartoon strip adventures british labour_party leader drawn performed character opening ceremony olympics fire london symphony orchestra image employed website


chalk series chalk british television sitcom set comprehensive school named high series written broadcast like earlier sitcom apart chalk produced jones series focuses deputy david permanently stressed chaos creates eccentric staff wife new english teacher travis walker attempt help solve problems good reaction studio audience second series commissioned broadcast journalists critical highlighting stylistic similarities towers members teaching profession unions objected negative representation teachers comprehensive system second series receive stable broadcast slot episodes aired series released dvd december production inception left job english teacher high write bafta award winning press gang high cost changes executive structure central independent television meant recommissioned second series writer wondered worried future employment bob press gang primary director suggested meet producer discuss writing sitcom inspired experience education addition career father writer initial proposal similar chalk realised talking meeting club impending divorce suggested write instead idea apart received low audience figures high rating appreciation index interview herald reflected nature writing experience don think alternative writing know life experience writing think entirely remote star trek instance find finished result actually close experience conscious decision writer makes second series apart transmitted revived original idea sitcom set school article guardian newspaper writer comedian richard herring observed government educational policy preferring concentrate funny beneath broadly satirical implicit way educated article told herring secondary school big waste time french teachers speak french know history point training people things system designed qualify indian civil service leave school unable drive discussed similar institutional political issues independent funny places articulate mad people tremendous sense black humour layer dust immature children environment time strange perspective spend day kids aware kids culture adults read pupil head boy idiot geography boy condemned forever 1960s didn know capitals world independent reported stresses chalk sitcom banner waving pamphlet passionate education conservative government talk specially talented needing education absurd equivalent hospitals healthy expected teachers find funny certain notes accuracy recognising familiar myths dead teacher teachers contempt pupils continued teachers recognise preference science arts league table shit official teaching organisation couldn faithful portrayal hope comedy series seriously couldn claim series people continued stay hotels towers apart produced chalk independent production company jones positive reaction studio audience recording series propelled executives commission second set episodes batch aired recording location shots chalk filmed beginning production block school park area london provided exterior fictional high cast recall difficult perform comedy location studio audience gauge reception success jokes school near large interior shots school hall featured episode inspection rehearsals took place bbc premises west london colloquially known industry david colleagues note knew script beginning rehearsals dropped line cast recall director juliet provided calm working environment losing temper things went wrong instead mind solve problem exterior shots filmed episodes recorded bbc television centre london episodes recorded studios occasionally larger studio week rehearsals episodes filmed sundays cast crew camera rehearsal followed dress run supper cast introduced studio audience studio audience responded positively recordings reflects style suited home audience interview says sitcom witnessed seen loads like men badly vicar chalk biggest laughs night piece theatre brilliant studio people came week audiences trouble watched tape home far loud bbc commissioned second series based studio audience reactions recordings development series reached relatively late stage received negative reviews transmission late cancel production cast crew work knew widely disliked reflects experience feeling earth like working know doomed bbc executives insisted title changed felt chalk stand schedules concerned title somewhat schools beginning use people including actors attempted think alternatives instead reverted chalk funding running low end filming series contrived episode staff meeting main cast locked staff room avoid paying guest actors reduce expenditure crew members enlisted provide voices television news report end episode producer played broadcast journalist whilst second assistant director sarah voiced protesting student bennett guest actor delivered inadequate performance psychiatric doctor end inspection coached assistant director perform line professional actor allen lived near location enlisted deliver line instead expense restrictions placed child actors limited number pupils featured non speaking extras licensed process took weeks providing difficulties assistant director episode called features pupils earliest roles going appear hill boy band blue episodes sitcom based fictional comprehensive school high begins arrival young new english teacher travis walker immediately encounters chaos school chaos enhanced deputy head david guardian commented best episodes participants climax terrible sexual humiliation violence integrated references secondary characters locations previous bafta winning press gang chalk instance chalk character refers neighbouring school high run sullivan names school deputy press gang scene given instructions wire taken press gang movie dead line pornographic video lesbian owned dan final episode later referenced episode interview new_york_times admitted video inspired new partner sue finding similar video characters david deputy high crises face school making jeff evans writing companion observed certainly keen clumsy sarcastic times aggressive prone errors judgment academic version widely noted independent commented chalk disaster apocalypse inevitable echoes sitcom characters dash slice gordon caused cocktail walker commented viewers charge bunch told herald inspired real person main character deputy head based guy actually met terribly retired time started lift work wife worked tell stories disdain married year staff room bitter teachers hadn promoted describe briefly consider stopping short invading poland got chance found real man actually nice attempted persuade friend angus wanted acting roles away got news play producer reflects brought element character cast regularly teased david rehearsals performed particular line sequence wife school secretary antagonistic relationship regularly butt jokes instance suggests morning shaved rest hind legs travis walker new english teacher arrives school episode press described voice high boxer music teacher series pupils prevent department closed uses school telephone network surf internet star trek demands return musical instrument pupil death row dan martin ball young teacher instantly develops crush arrives school attempts date series character given prominence staff meeting episode written order save money having guest actors episode revealed dan agreed teach subjects order job dismayed find invented entire language foreign languages teacher invented country geography teacher ball performance episode promised second series john head english rarely struggling find rationale character paced rehearsal room carrying brown remembers teachers carrying shouting richard_nixon john wells series evans observes shows precious little leadership running school fall wells ill participate second series died year transmission kennedy duncan preston replaced nixon head second series like nixon kennedy takes seat developments final episode reads letter head inadvertently serves characters identical jason young religious education teacher arrives school series episode called appears regularly second series immediately attracted making dan jealous tells pupils character deliberate attempt add sex appeal reception positive reaction studio audience recordings second series commissioned started transmitted mark summarised widely disliked bbc publicity department compared chalk towers publicity materials critics took exception new compared renowned respected programme cast point towers chalk completely different shows walker says comparison like asked compared comedy god writing bbc guide comedy mark observes critical reception mixed detractors pointing carbon copy john supporters praising non wall approach paced plots delivered moments high comments elements resemble sir chalk closely resembled ill fated house concentration teachers pupils dark themes overall depiction teachers nuts tom scotland sunday derided combination chris gordon episodes transmitted final episodes second series moved second series received unstable timeslot replaced mainstream slot men badly commenting second series glasgow herald said head high looking like bad day remain fascination worse tabloid newspaper mirror published review second series opener head comedy television centre deserves best bringing chalk second term opening episode new series worst half hours comedy history television surprise relegated late slot watershed jokes worst possible taste standards comedy high school given grant licence money time closed gates good david deserves better vehicle acting talents lured playing character supposed classroom equivalent different chalk interview early 2000s refused mention chalk attacked street series received criticism teachers teaching unions criticised representation letters printed specialist publications education guardian association teachers labelled chalk leader called teachers according daily record complained portrayed teachers mentally unstable people entering profession john played recalls appearing west end play time auditioning role fellow actor play meant auditioning chalk having deputy head teacher earlier career disgusted material refused attend unions actually inspired times matthew bond like despite identifying genuine humour french teachers bond review largely critical teaching organisations half right credible basis teaching profession far importantly credible basis human race don believe rarely find funny kevin executive producer head independent commissions entertainment commissioned series defending union criticisms saying chalk comedy ben thin blue line reflect modern police force vicar church_of_england today chalk intended reflect life british schools said chalk written intended political scotland sunday responded piece placing chalk context television shows schools dramas fall contrived social responsibility playing myths teaching profession written strange politicians deny education crises britain home release episodes released vhs united_kingdom september bbc video dvd audio commentary claims bought including complete series released region pal dvd independent label released apart december disc contains audio commentaries episodes walker martin ball john episodes david boxer contributing remaining producer feature minute retrospective documentary chalk dust settled


henry henry march february american union_army soldier native hawaiian descent considered sons civil war group documented native hawaiian hawaii born combatants fought american_civil_war kingdom independent nation born raised eldest son hawaiian high benjamin american pioneer massachusetts father business success sugar coffee plantation industries mother connections hawaiian royal family prosperous owned lands island honolulu older sister educated mission schools alongside children mixed hawaiian descent death mother father remarried widow missionary connecting family american missionary community following deaths wife later second wife father decided leave islands returned massachusetts family continued education public schools family lived period time leaving school family knowledge decision fight civil war august despite mixed race ancestry avoided racial segregation imposed native hawaiian recruits time enlisted 22nd regiment massachusetts volunteer infantry white regiment served private union_army fighting battle maryland campaign company private robert carter befriended hawaiian soldier wrote later life common experience 22nd massachusetts compiled decades afterward old letters carter account described details surrounding final fate war march separated regiment captured confederate guerrilla forces forced march richmond incarcerated confederate prison contracted lung fever harsh conditions imprisonment died february months release parole prisoner exchange modern historians consider henry known hawaiian pacific die prisoner war civil war period time end war legacy contributions documented hawaiian participants american_civil_war largely forgotten private circles descendants historians revival interest recent years hawaiian community sons civil war commemorated bronze plaque erected memorial national memorial cemetery pacific honolulu early life family henry born march son second child benjamin originally native salem massachusetts father early pioneer businessman sugar coffee plantation owner island greatly kingdom industry early 1800s father great grandson english american carpenter ship franklin captain allen american revolutionary war mother descendant royal twins advised conquest hawaiian islands early american english sea captain cox lent george cox governor henry shared hawaiian maternal grandfather brother helped conceal bones king secret hiding place death hawaiian language means calm ship protected harbor siblings mary ann benjamin franklin half sister maria father success business mother descent hawaiian royalty family considered prosperous host royal family visited leading merchants town father served government district magistrate henry mother inherited control lands father king iii granted use marriage henry early childhood family lived mansion benjamin built area known favored resort spots ancient hawaiian royalty residence known house sold business partner captain thomas property later site hotel built torn 1850s family moved capital honolulu benjamin took banking built beautiful story house named water corner streets education older sister mary attended children school school located residence church street taught taylor wife american missionary doctor government physician charles elder children received education english hawaiian unusual hawaiian official language kingdom schools conducted hawaiian language taught children reading writing spelling singing reinforcing curriculum strong adherence principles protestant faith like siblings classmates half hawaiian descent majority chinese death mother father remarried maria widow american missionary henry twelfth company missionaries american board commissioners foreign missions arrive marriage aligned children american missionary community called cousins children missionaries considered extended missionary family died giving birth father fourth child daughter named maria family returned massachusetts father remarried wife martha ball giving children according biography written robert carter private later serve company neglected mother death father subjected neglect treatment sensitive nature bear continued education public schools family lived period time united_states census registered teacher solomon adams residing presumably educated newton boston area growing said strongly resemble hawaiian mother robert carter gave brief description appearance wartime letters published tall slim boy straight arrow face perfect oval hair black raven wing eyes large peculiar soft melting pity distress skin clear dark olive bordering high cheek bones led suppose different known plain henry air good breeding small hands feet set thinking youth intensely enthusiastic gave thought comrades personal appearance look shy reserved nature boy dark melancholy eyes sad smile sensitive lips american_civil_war outbreak american_civil_war kingdom king declared neutrality august native hawaiian born americans mainly descendants american missionaries abroad islands volunteered enlisted military regiments states union confederacy individual native serving united_states_navy army war served american_civil_war union ties new_england missionaries industries ideological opposition institution slavery service august left school family knowledge volunteered serve union_army fight american_civil_war apparently informed family advance choice join war news reported american missionary community henry run away home gone war carter described rationale enlisting midst war air excitement wild enthusiasm crowds inspiring sound drum indian nature rose resolve hawaiian descent father white native born mother mother daughter captain cox hawaiian despite mixed race ancestry avoided racial segregation imposed native hawaiian volunteers period native participated war assigned colored regiments fair skin color meant able serve white unit indicating unit assignment influenced dark appeared historians bob james claimed placed colored regiments mixed race regiment records indicate served private 22nd regiment massachusetts volunteer infantry company regiment named henry wilson regiment col henry wilson commanded unit col william commander brief term service regiment corps army command major general george period regiment fought second battle bull run involved maryland campaign fighting battle single day battle american history battle regiment march battle captured confederate troops imprisonment death detailed account final fate war came robert carter november captured near junction march virginia weeks prior battle fallen group feet swollen pair thin high narrow boots purchased comrades temporarily stayed care later decided rest camp fear disciplinary consequences falling authority urged success words camp night good fellow soldiers saw considered missing shortly left band confederate colonel john captured weary soldier struggle inscription differs slightly carter account stating captured stuart cavalry instead capture marched richmond weak physical state imprisoned confederate prison isle harsh prisons letters home described place pen meat thrown dogs condition including shortage food lack physical weakness susceptible diseases present confederate prisons carter described prisons wore brave spirit prisoner exchange released confederate army city point virginia december sent parole camp suffering complications conditions imprisonment contracted lung fever pneumonia carter wrote later friend weeks like flame quietly pass away eternal life died parole camp february weeks short eighteenth birthday according historians manning unfortunate distinction known hawaiian pacific die prisoner war civil war considering missing regiment discover final fate news funeral received spring following year remains returned family massachusetts death parole camp benjamin father buried family plot mount auburn cemetery family grave marker placed inscription henry born hawaii died camp parole aged years member 22nd regiment mass regiment battles south mountain taken prisoner stuart cavalry march imprisoned prison sent camp parole died camp pneumonia legacy death memory henry honored friends family members massachusetts return younger brother benjamin franklin wife discovered grandson nephew named meaning chief fought honor deceased older brother similarly henry second son hawaiian cousin george charles named shortly death martha ann chamberlain corresponding secretary hawaiian mission children society cousin henry hawaii sons fall war died parole camp lung fever serving soldier union_army remains deposited auburn cemetery near boston mass died cause let memory band war military service including henry largely forgotten disappearing collective memories american_civil_war history recent years hawaiian residents historians descendants hawaiian combatants conflict insisted need remember boys hawaii renewed interest stories individuals particular period hawaiian american history inspired efforts preserve memories served war august anniversary signing hawaiian neutrality proclamation bronze plaque erected memorial national memorial cemetery pacific honolulu recognizing sons civil war documented served american_civil_war union confederacy great attended ceremony stated proud young man age young served civil war family napoleon manning began process creating historical documentary individual experiences stories hawaii born soldiers sailors american_civil_war including samuel armstrong bright james wood bush unnamed combatants union confederacy based author wayne wrote fictionalized story based lives civil war service hawaiian soldiers like henry book hawaiian american_civil_war end war national_park_service released publication titled pacific civil war service large number combatants asian pacific descent fought war history involvement biographies bush written historians manning


february general united_states_army commanding general army service forces world war responsible army logistics following death washington_post lauded officers united_states_army produced graduated near united_states military academy class commissioned united_states_army corps engineers world war served villa expedition mexico american expeditionary force france logistical posts decorated gallantry offensive war served engineering assignments head works project administration new_york_city responsible series great depression relief works including construction airport head construction division corps took charge construction series camps house large numbers entering army able deliver vital projects time enduring projects pentagon today recognizable buildings world commanded army service forces logistical arm united_states_army early life born little rock arkansas child william taylor physician wife mary née opened seminary girls finishing school washington appointed united_states military academy west_point new_york congressman charles arkansas entered west_point graduated sixth cadets class like high ranking cadets period commissioned second lieutenant corps engineers world war traveled europe months graduation leave paris world war broke reporting embassy paris volunteer duty assistant military took charge refugee funds help american citizens home return united_states posted engineer battalion washington barracks scoring high marks garrison officers school examinations promoted 1st lieutenant february expedition mexico time depot manager columbus new_mexico main logistical base expedition later joined expedition mexico working roads supply officer returned washington barracks attend engineer school course interrupted declaration war united_states germany april course abruptly terminated hundreds junior officers ordered appear examination board determine fitness promotion following favorable report board promoted captain helped organize 15th engineers rail transport unit pittsburgh pennsylvania july engineer regiment sent overseas arriving england july france later month 15th engineers worked construction projects including munitions dump sur advanced depot regulating station sur got projects completed working men clock deploying available resource regardless cost role awarded distinguished service medal promoted major august lieutenant colonel october visiting friends division volunteered services chief staff colonel john lee accepted temporary replacement assistant chief staff charge operations captured days leading man patrol inspect damage bridge yards american lines awarded distinguished service cross american officers including douglas william awarded distinguished service cross distinguished service medal world war days later lee arranged permanently assigned division wars division returned united_states remained assistant chief staff charge supply army american forces germany designated july met anna daughter chicago businessman volunteer married august children daughters germany met walker prominent new_york corporate lawyer assisted survey shipping navigation rhine river reverted permanent rank major july returning united_states july posted office chief engineers washington war record earned place command general staff college fort reserved army best promising officers ranked near class graduation posted 1st new_york engineer district soon obtained leave assist special study navigation rhine danube rivers behalf league nations essentially continuation work men attended army war college district engineer washington engineer district involved conflict proponents development hydroelectric power great falls river maryland national capital park planning commission despite advocacy falls remain day september transferred lower mississippi valley division assistant chief engineer year assistant district engineer memphis district teamed economic survey turkey culminated seven volume report named district engineer florida got project build cross florida barge canal chosen head project president franklin roosevelt allocated emergency funds canal opponents canal protested cause work stopped year later meantime promoted lieutenant colonel august appointed head works project administration new_york_city half years spent month great depression relief works worked local politicians labor leaders upheld right workers form unions improved relations left wing groups declaring wouldn know red saw wouldn biggest project construction airport established reputation man handle projects involving hundreds thousands people hundreds millions dollars world war construction division december head construction division corps promoted temporary rank brigadier general january immediate concern construction series camps scheduled completion april house large numbers entering army reasoning time important money pushed project completion february responsible work force people employed military construction projects job completed time million budget responsible constructing new facilities hold stores munitions million allocated december december projects completed way total value billion accepted promotion brigadier general army united_states february date rank january best known projects pentagon enormous office complex house war department person staff building afternoon thursday july summoned george major hugh president american institute architects corps engineers officer construction division previously worked closely design gave monday morning design building envisaged modern story structure elevators site old washington airport busy weekend staff design story sided structure floor area square feet twice empire state building estimated cost million president roosevelt subsequently moved site building objections order prevent constructed arlington national cemetery pursued designs making important changes including addition fifth story outbreak war led new urgency workers working clock building completed early cost million overrun caused emphasis speed addition extra floor work construction division awarded oak leaf cluster distinguished service medal hoped chief engineers running junior rank instead job went brigadier general eugene assistant chief staff war department general staff post abolished transfer construction division corps engineers considered ruthless didn care hit selected brigadier general thomas head new corps engineers construction division instead received assignment promotion temporary rank major general january promoted temporary lieutenant general march posting unusual previously served war department general staff assistant chief staff pressed adoption comprehensive army supply program set targets priorities army production program basis requests expenditures scare materials army service forces weeks army chief staff general george marshall implemented sweeping changes war department designed reduce number people reporting free time planning conducting global war huge new commands created executive order number february army war department army air forces lieutenant general henry arnold army ground forces lieutenant general services supply promoted rank lieutenant general heads senior officers including found subordinates men marshall secretary war robert built good working relationship senator harry committee disapproved cost declaring general stuff going hell attitude expenditure money services supply renamed army service forces march term supply felt narrow description broad range activities carried organization head army service forces responsible implementation army supply program according military historian john served army service forces staff tense decisive saw empire builder noted opinion observer developed argument constantly wit dynamic commanding general constantly seeking empire builders job repetition got considerable acceptance inside department drive commanding general mental trigger evident ambition tackle tough jobs lent support feeling impending deliberate pace surprised chief staff feeling aware feelings organization respect attempt abolish technical services failed amid panic created false rumors considered post chief staff marshall sent europe command supreme headquarters allied expeditionary force pushed extravagant white elephant projects road continued long strategic faded understood logistics paramount importance modern warfare spared effort ensure american fighting man needed victory near end war promoted general march officers promoted rank war commanded combat forces overseas retirement announced december secretary war robert issued press release read organizing directing worldwide supply lines troops depended offensive power general performed service parallel military history completely dedicated task winning war shortest possible time smallest cost america lives energy ability applied task contributed great measure force attack speed victory decorations ribbon bar general later life legacy retired army april moved florida wife anna died january married student march accepted offer president pittsburgh based company mined coal manufactured sold coal based products applying managerial techniques employed army thoroughly reorganized company doubled revenues profits years suffered series health problems 1950s operation suffered severe heart attack september returned home early decided resign president withdraw day day operations second fatal heart attack home february buried arlington national cemetery far brain child pentagon unfortunately great creation army service forces survive abolished washington_post lauded officers united_states_army produced general army reserve logistics support vessel carry short tons cargo named honor


1st baron marshal royal_air_force louis 1st baron february november senior officer british_army royal_air_force commanded units royal flying corps royal_air_force world war served chief air staff years second world war governor general new_zealand born military family studied royal military college taking commission junior officer royal regiment transferring 2nd rifles indian army saw active service north west frontier learning fly turned career military aviation world war rose flying instructor command 41st wing main strategic bombing force awarded albert medal putting fire explosives store served staff positions 1920s air officer commanding middle_east command early 1930s air member supply organisation appointed chief air staff role supported sharp increases aircraft production increasing expenditure new heavily armed hurricane fighters essential equip fighter command sacked battle britain political intrigue caused lose churchill confidence appointed governor general new_zealand holding office early life born lieutenant colonel william potter caroline née education school attended royal military college leaving commissioned royal regiment august promoted lieutenant november transferred 2nd king edward vii rifles september served north west frontier encountered future colleague hugh exercise artillery section ambushed whilst began turn career aviation learned fly bristol whilst leave england held certificate issued royal club later passed formal course central flying school began working pilot trainer november intended form flight training school established india left england world war broke world war outbreak war england september given temporary rank captain attached royal flying corps flight commander serve squadron western promoted permanent rank captain september effective august march promoted major appointed command squadron flying aircraft france september onwards squadron took battle bombing railways carrying reconnaissance missions october taking command squadron chose stop flying personally order concentrate administration decision regarded men relations strained january demonstrated courage walking burning bomb store try control fire awarded albert medal act personal recommendation general hugh february promoted lieutenant colonel given command training wing england december took command wing france long range bomber reconnaissance formation october took command newly formed wing upgraded 8th brigade december promoted accordingly temporary rank brigadier general december joined independent bombing force main strategic bombing arm newly formed royal_air_force june appointed deputy commander independent bombing force serving awarded french legion honour october appointed companion order michael george january commander order british_empire june officer belgian order april wars granted permanent commission royal_air_force lieutenant colonel august promoted group captain august deputy director personnel air ministry august deputy commandant technical training school august married died september remarried following year olive foster american woman children foster son daughters promoted air commodore january took command newly formed auxiliary air_force appointed league nations committee december deputy chief air staff director operations intelligence april appointed companion order bath birthday honours having promoted air vice marshal january stood deputy chief february air officer commanding bombing area february air officer commanding middle_east command september returned air ministry air member supply organisation january beginnings pre war expansion advanced knight commander order bath birthday honours promoted air marshal july attended funeral king george january remained close follower interwar period time independent bombing force left convinced strategic bombing exceptionally powerful weapon effectively defended supporter standard doctrine day suggested destructive power bomber force sufficiently great industrial economy short order merely presence potentially serve effective promoted air chief marshal april chief air staff september appointed chief air staff military head raf succession sir edward promotion unexpected prospective candidates job widely seen historians gifted prominent candidate hugh head raf fighter command senior rank months informally told expected appointed new chief air staff decision taken air minister consulting advice air staff fighting cabinet plans air staff wanted substantial bomber force minor increases fighters whilst minister defence sir thomas successfully pushed greater role fighter force promoted middle debate proved flexible expected supported sharp increases aircraft production including double shift working factories pushed creation dedicated organisation repair refit damaged aircraft supported expenditure new heavily armed hurricane fighters essential equip fighter command began distance albeit slightly orthodox bomber philosophy noting minister air absolute certainty nation knocked air attempted discussing plans reacting war italy early opposed french proposal force italy surrender use heavy bombing raids north arguing unlikely force country war need ground combat advanced knight grand cross order bath birthday honours chief air staff outbreak second world war september main contribution war effort successful resistance transfer fighter squadrons aid collapsing french preserving large portion fighter command crucial battle britain remained committed idea knock blow offensive bomber command recognised weak successfully strongly opposed use raf close air support following end battle britain quickly forced retirement replaced chief air staff sir charles portal contemporaries attributed effects certainly taken toll aspects lost political support particularly following dispute lord control aircraft production repair matters came head circulation anonymous memo attacking senior officers real weakness raf nation defences author staff officer saw passed promotion brought inner circle pressed churchill dismiss gaining support influential raf figures come failure launch decisive strategic bombing offensive saw removal simplest way replace head fighter command despite having sought sack promoted marshal royal_air_force october retired raf later month awarded order merit october knight grand cross order michael george november new_zealand later life february appointed governor general new_zealand post hold remainder war time quiet described biographer nice long rest toured country extensively referring war public address wife carried extensive program engagements broadly popular occasional tensions shortly arrival widely mistakenly rumoured men army favour gentlemen speech grand master new_zealand grand lodge governor general politically lukewarm relationship prime minister peter persuade appears noted private report worked effectively small problems occasionally october personally informing resignation ministers developed direct confrontation governor general refuse follow advice cabinet presented government recommendation prisoners sentenced refused argued government opposed repeal legislation simply sentences improper government retain law ignoring deputy walter nash refused accept response stretched days end compromise reached sentences government undertook repeal legislation second conflict emerged end term labour government sought abolish country system gave additional electoral seats rural areas farming groups predominantly national supporting strongly opposed argued major change gaining approval general election advised wait election feel appropriate intervene bill following return new_zealand raised baron county spoke house_of_lords rarely making speeches addressing defence issues died home street london november time son francis inherited title arms


july april internationally known military historian best known publications military napoleonic wars year military career british_army soldier world war officer arab israeli war united_states_air_force korean war escape nazi_germany military service born berlin family culturally german jewish family moved netherlands mother father later joined family moved britain schooling moved mandatory palestine british rule joined movement youth guard socialist youth movement retained passion jewish homeland life july parents emigrated united_states villa madrid ocean liner left barcelona june father joseph parents spoke english hebrew french german issued lisbon portugal claimed cuban citizenship age father registered fourth draft listing residence new_york_city wife volunteered british_army serving jewish unit wounded north_africa transferred royal army service corps intelligence corps fought eighth army served italian campaign yugoslav war liberation austria service continued occupation austria civilian employee intelligence returned palestine joined israel war independence rose rank captain israel defense forces father died mother united_states citizen new_york_city canada arriving halifax nova_scotia traveling toronto lived college worked briefly construction november crossed international border united_states buffalo pocket volunteered united_states_army transferred air_force served korean war remained guided deep sense duty strong sense american patriotism life education career military service united_states_air_force graduated university illinois undergraduate degree years later master degree university_of_chicago finished doctoral degree university illinois retired university appointed professor emeritus lived canberra australia continued write napoleonic wars wrote ground breaking books organization military military reforms charles decade napoleonic wars book emperor victory battle published posthumously finished high school help bill completed bachelor degree university illinois attended graduate school university_of_chicago recognized graduate student keen mind graduate student reviewed allen history wars border cambridge_university press journal modern history wrote masters thesis entitled general campaign basin received doctorate university illinois military border croatia published university_of_chicago press military border croatia followed second study military border croatia study imperial institution published university_of_chicago press volumes translated german time temporary teaching positions illinois years southern illinois university taught european world history published instructor manual history world henry joined faculty university new_mexico following years rose position professor accepted position university taught courses military european history teacher popular course world war attracted annually 1970s established international napoleonic scholar art warfare age napoleon published hundreds graduate doctoral students regularly published peer reviewed publications journal military history served editorial board war history visiting fellow department history faculty military studies australian royal military college retired named professor emeritus visiting fellow school historical studies university retirement moved melbourne australia canberra wife eleanor taught australian defence force academy retired continued teach lecture publish reviews wrote books life australia missed colleagues north_america students politics politically correct australia leftist atmosphere wrote friend united_states regretted moving australia authorities confiscated muzzle prohibited returned united_states present address 34th annual conference consortium revolutionary europe recently completed emperor victory napoleon battle published posthumously november died age legacy legacy generations scholars prepared vast contribution understanding revolutionary era years army francis joseph standard english language analysis army french revolutionary napoleonic wars changed widespread perception charles military historian known furthermore fair scholar publishing critique publication author contacted proved critique immediately wrote review criticism scholars remained friends remainder life colleagues considered greatest scholar napoleonic era day adventurous life diverse experiences gave deep understanding human nature valuable colleague mentor graduate students high point university conducts military history personal life family marriage ended divorce married smith widow daughters georgia jones born helped raise died married time eleanor lecturer university australia senior lecturer history australian defence force academy university new_south_wales written biography doctoral thesis national socialist leadership total war australia national university published martin press publications published hundreds journal articles reviews lectures partial list books austrian military border croatia university illinois press retrieved austrian military border croatia study imperial institution chicago university_of_chicago press retrieved army francis joseph west indiana university press isbn retrieved anatomy israeli army london isbn napoleon great adversaries charles austrian army indiana university press isbn retrieved subsequent editions titled napoleon great adversary charles austrian army art warfare age napoleon indiana university press isbn retrieved john napoleonic wars london isbn emperor victory napoleon battle london isbn retrieved special topics 18th 19th centuries new_york brooklyn college press isbn distributed columbia_university press sugar peter east central european society war eighteenth century new_york boulder social science isbn distributed columbia_university press journal articles june origins austrian military frontier croatia alleged treaty december east european review modern research association retrieved venice journal modern history defense empire turks studies renaissance croatian military border rise yugoslav nationalism east european review struggle dissolution croatian military border slavic review austrian army age journal modern history national hungarian army military compromise consequences slavic review austrian control plague journal history medicine allied sciences army napoleonic wars military affairs journal military history including theory technology nobility military careers officer corps military affairs journal military history including theory technology origins causes extension wars french revolution napoleon journal history austro hungarian campaign serbia journal military history


jean jean 1st december december led division war coalition marshal france emperor napoleon born minor nobility joined militia soon sent fight seven years war transferring regular army ensign wounded fought spanish portuguese war married promotion captain newly major french revolution sped promotion colonel regiment leading army italy troops number actions general brigade general division following year led division napoleon italian campaign bouts illness especially distinguished battle siege fought italy war second coalition captured action supported napoleon rise political power coup late apex career occurred napoleon appointed marshal empire active military career served french senate napoleon french empire burned flags captured french armies troops called virgin italy rigorous standards discipline honesty army known generals enriched conquered territories surname names inscribed arc column early life born december son family formed minor provincial nobility father holding title sort job mole catcher king breeding stud father title saint got good education sober character received commission lieutenant militia battalion march uncle unit commander transferred militia battalion june heard battalion called serve seven years war switched old unit november sustaining bayonet wound transferred infantry regiment cadet october battle july duke ferdinand surprised french louis victor count defending critical post hit right face bullet broke jaw left lasting injury cost teeth promoted second lieutenant april regiment ordered joined force charles prince troops entered spain june spanish portuguese war battalion served participated siege fell franco spanish august unit returned france november year treaty paris renamed regiment peace demoted lieutenant spent years drill instructor promoted second lieutenant february shipped republic genoa transferred france led insurrection resulted skirmishes superiors called excellent officer promoted lieutenant february year later promoted captain married marie july father bail july awarded order saint louis assumed rank captain commandant june took command regiment company lack promotion asked retire pension september commanding officer argued retain good officer transferred regiment major lieutenant colonel january french revolution garrison agitated regiment sent calm troops instead regiment affected troubles july fearing leave country regiment colors body soldiers removed quarters january officers regiment emigrated spain story existed companion tried flee spain nearly caught patrol companion border june renamed infantry regiment marched camp alps commanding officer rank colonel august french revolutionary wars september man division bernard crossed var river occupied nice kingdom force army split october troops alpine army alps november division army italy included regiment time arrested royalist sentiments paul got rank restored new army commander jean sent column occupy saint sur moved north river captured 21st troops attacked col west repulsed june battle led major attack june defeated losses dead wounded end july assault attacked col efforts failed representatives mission pleased performance nominated general brigade june promotion confirmed august arrested executed november september army tried recapture county nice french right flank held ground left gave east bank river fell september took command left wing days later took charge right wing army alps arrested retreating noble blood reinstated representatives mission war minister jean termed charges citizens sent petition patriotism fighting december snow division transferred form left flank army italy january denounced listening aristocratic songs caring representatives brushed aside charges army commander french offensive began april seized commanded man main column right wing directed center division led left division commanded left brigade went seize weak resistance second battle april defeated french inflicting casualties losing killed wounded aftermath occupied col held valley end june took small operation september austrians advanced threatening cut french link genoa supplies obtained advised artillery chief napoleon struck september left center mounted main thrust right battle september french troops beat count austro allies escaped french later seized port recommended promotion nominated general division december given command right flank division place sick catherine november louis joseph replaced ill army commander wrote good officer devoted duties patriotism attacked time emerged victorious charges opinion worthy post holds right active army promotion confirmed june austro commander joseph attacked french lines june assaults failed positions captured french withdrew santo july new line troops held coast men defended july reported key position partly lost causing army headquarters later day reported louis retook position incident count instead given command left wing place evening august headquarters saint martin surrounded enemy soldiers hand resisted successfully early following morning attacked scattered attackers capturing enemy commander committed suicide good soldier troops liked treated local civilians diplomacy allowed serve link army neighboring army alps command armies wrote courage excellent officer success glorious day november battle fought deployed troops right men center soldiers left plan called pin allied right broke center rolled allied left help luck replaced command allies november day attack san repulsed tied division plan carried success defeated forces austro suffered losses killed wounded prisoners guns colors french losses numbered killed wounded captured snow soon compelled armies withdraw winter quarters french soldiers state little food generals got dispute nearly left army march division refused obey orders winter campaign placed divisions positions start campaign right left divisions coast river col far left march arrived command army italy date years old years military service applied retire pension age health wounds meeting decided stay later wrote impress generals new commander hat sharply questioned generals went away believing true leader plan mass men near austrian armies linked division join near moved west strong division consisted 39th line infantry brigades campaign french won victories april battle repelled attack retreated west division appeared detailed jean guns defend san french attack april formed division man brigades jean joseph plus reserve personal command river spring french attack soon stalled found west bank french captured san unpaid hungry soldiers went looting led company swiss troops organized counterattack drove division town brigade maintained cost french casualties lost troops withdrew night april soon discovered french caught mid morning battle april brigades cousin fought way routed killed christian mortally wounded surrendered late afternoon looting large food town recalled form men columns head central throw cloud march double sword hand column fine spectacle old general decided revived presence enemy accompanied attack success complete april armistice signed taking war detailed demonstrate division rest army crossed river near battle divided army italy cavalry reserve divisions including battle division upper river troops main thrust peter army june strong division took position north fortress june engineer fortress days later charge siege soldiers soon wrote french shall speak conduct general military reputation established owe things campaign began victory approach von austrian army siege raised july heavy cannons buried division withdrew river malaria directed division battle general returned france august wrote confidential assessment generals wrote fights like private takes firm good opinion troops ill recovery took command thrilled order return army december resumed command siege corps replacing charles edward ill corps consisted men divisions thomas january defeated battle inflicting terrible losses austrians relief column reached north january battle garrison launched sortie led progress beaten reinforcements victor time troops palace blocked joining garrison noon french reinforcements surrendered men field guns train food convoy afterward got dispute commanded armies mere division commander angry contributions recognized sent abusive note army chief staff louis demoted january began negotiations capitulation signed february generals articles permitted staff generals soldiers artillery pieces free men garrison prisoners war spring campaign organized army divisions 3rd division counted soldiers battle march drove rear guard charles duke operation division reserve subsequent advance right flank jean division center division left flank march attacked repulsed division swung south gained heights rear town garrison surrendered french captured battalions austrian infantry totaling soldiers guns colors continued advancing east division followed turned north pursuit column adam von time fell ill command division passed louis jean trapped forced surrender men battle recovering resumed command division april treaty unit withdrew austria took position june notified french government sending captured colors wrote campaigns displayed talent bravery patriotism general extremely severe strict friend discipline order virtues necessary maintenance society intrigue enemies men ready accuse wishes submitted superiors received paris large audience government officials june assured loyalty soldiers division august missed coup little later louis described tall years old honest respect considered supported general values venice occupied french troops recent treaty handed austria ordered carry unpleasant job removing military stores ships works art objection austrians inhabitants city thoroughly plundered target anger abuse personally benefit looting best prevent confiscated salt venice arsenal raise money pay soldiers army notorious looting personal gain lesser officers earned reputation honesty soldiers called virgin italy early temporarily commanded divisions left italy hands trying calm unpaid soldiers verge mutiny french campaign egypt syria old february ordered army england headquarters september inspector general troops interior france november transferred italy serve army italy commander ordered occupy instructions soon changed invade republic cavalry entered december large sums cash clothing army use infantry arrived city january declaring french style republic january handed february returned time army italy led gave command division paper strength men outbreak war second coalition saw troops facing paul austrians near russians alexander marching support hoping russians allies arrived opted attack march battle french gained success north fought draw south north drove austrians 27th rapidly shifted strength north assist outnumbered right wing positions divisions exhausted soldiers tried push advantage north sending troops advance north march ran austrians badly defeated losing killed wounded prisoners austrian casualties numbered battle april resulted french defeat fighting division included battalions 18th 29th 30th light infantry brigades battalion 1st light cavalry gunners armies advanced successfully capturing left divisions victor paul routed right french lost men seven colors cannons army sustained casualties worst casualty confidence french generals morale troops found austrians marching county turn north flank withdrew line leaving soldiers defend retreat italian swiss allies deserted army italy end april troops river line kilometres length army arranged small corps left center victor right morning april austro russian army won crossings san day jean victor marie replaced command army italy allies defeated french battle struggle soldiers beaten austrians broke victor defenses french withdrew milan leaving isolated orders night old veteran entrenched troops defense near finding french path split division columns position reported enemies desperate fight ammunition surrendered evening april terms capitulation general officers released parole france austrians reported capturing officers soldiers troops suffered casualties half allied losses left wing near lake escaped rejoined main army invited captured general dinner found impossible military information russian wondered man fighting french republic father giving sword ordered use defend country historian considered biggest career suggested general accustomed seeing save dire situations brilliant maneuvers saw general severely later admitted government mistake orders time led troops combat french sank popularity military defeats paris faction having seen disaster serving military genius launched coup november led reserve detachment soldiers day coup collapsed rescued council convinced council guard battalion minority members opposed brother soldiers soon evicted hall events troops arrived saint cloud general heard addressing wished kill general stir soldiers wait orders aftermath coup commission determine use auxiliary battalions november member senate december later life time vice president senate appointed president commission determined border france named governor les hospital retirement home veterans year emperor napoleon named honorary marshal france appointed date honorary ones catherine awarded grand eagle grand order iron crown count empire granted pension year march arrival sixth coalition armies paris publicly destroyed captured enemy flags personally burned sword frederick great let fall allies hands restored king louis peer france joined napoleon days emperor briefly returned power caused lose post les marshal salary napoleon second downfall despite sympathies peer voted favour death penalty marshal restored dignity marshal died december year paris buried cemetery body transferred les february names inscribed arc column