banner poland history poland banner poland main symbols polish state normally reserved use head state design changed time generally banner based directly national coat arms crowned white eagle red field eagle crowned banner confused flag poland white red horizontal officially adopted derived early slavic flag like objects royal banner arms dates far 11th century symbol royal authority battles interwar period replaced banner republic poland presidential insignia national banner mentioned current regulations polish national symbols today presidential jack based directly pre war design banner republic history banner poland traces origins early slavic known pronounced singular probably early 10th century specimens images preserved probably cloth vertically horizontal attached wooden pole spear resembling roman religious military symbol kept inside outside pagan temples peacetime taken war military insignia poland conversion christianity late 10th century pagan probably replacing pagan symbols christian ones images patron saints dove holy spirit pilgrimage tomb saint capital poland emperor iii officially recognized duke brave king poland congress presenting replica holy lance known saint spear attached probably insignia nascent kingdom poland symbol king rule allegiance emperor remains unknown images painted royal banner early reign generous earliest mention banner polish pronounced bearing sign eagle found chronicle says duke fought sign victorious eagle seal duke shows ruler holding banner crowned eagle years later crowned king poland crowned white eagle national coat arms reign king elbow high red cloth white eagle finally established banner kingdom poland polish orientation eagle banner varied head point upwards actual rendering eagle changed time according new artistic styles national banner identical lesser poland territory capital poland located carried standard bearer office replaced grand standard bearer crown kingdom poland polish latin polish lithuanian union famous standard carried national banner battle military unit went battle banner comprised elite polish knights including celebrities black clear sign banner described chronicler jan great banner territory insignia entire kingdom course battle according national banner slipped hand fell ground quickly picked saved destruction polish army knights motivated poles victory knights establishment union grand lithuania customary use banners polish lithuanian equally important insignia royal authority century creation polish lithuanian commonwealth real union single banner entire entity came use commonwealth banner initially plain white arms commonwealth combined charges poland white eagle lithuania 17th century banner divided horizontal stripes white red ending kings arms placed variants white eagle placed directly field eagle pursuit reverse banner royal separate banners constituent nations commonwealth crown polish lithuanian standard carried banners procession royal cathedral shortly king elect handed banners handed kneeling king king stand banners standard time poland end 18th century brought end polish lithuanian commonwealth congress vienna established semi independent kingdom poland known congress kingdom control personal union russian_empire king poland time white royal banner arms congress kingdom black double headed russian eagle polish white eagle august lower house parliament republic poland adopted law defining banner republic poland banner insignia head state state leader later president republic plain red crowned white eagle bordered line polish military symbol general rank modified december reflect adoption new official rendering national coat arms symbol presidential authority banner carried flown mark presence head state time commander chief flown president official residence car flag instead number plates president vehicle banner special national occasions including welcome ceremony poland wedding baltic_sea unknown soldier marshal second world war people poland following german soviet invasion poland september president fled romania taking presidential insignia including specimens banner republic banners kept polish government exile london fall communism poland new communist authorities home modified version banner white eagle wider border celebrations anniversary battle officially abandoned banner continued practice prime minister 1960s council state collective head state time republic december polish president exile handed presidential insignia including banners rescued elected president post war poland ceremony held royal castle warsaw seen symbol republic continuity pre war second republic legal regulations national symbols recognize national banner time banner brought presidential insignia instead donated royal castle museum display banners remains institute london today design pre war banner republic hanging senate chamber chair reserved president poland minister national defense established jack president republic poland purpose flying polish navy ships commander chief board jack identical design banner republic poland use presidential jack extended branches polish armed forces flown land constitution day ceremony tomb unknown soldier warsaw gallery


flag indiana flag indiana designed paul officially adopted state indiana state official flag remained unchanged creation statute production flag history commemorate state centennial anniversary indiana general_assembly issued resolution adopt state flag request general_assembly contest sponsored indiana society daughters american revolution design flag serve official state banner incentive increase number submissions contest offered winner dollar cash prize submissions received examined society winner selected entry created paul indiana ultimately chosen winner contest cash prize flag chosen state official banner general_assembly change original design added word indiana crescent shape torch state banner later renamed state flag new statute passed standardized dimensions flag flag consists gold torch represents liberty enlightenment rays torch represent far reaching influence nineteen stars represent indiana place nineteenth state join united_states thirteen stars outer loop symbolize original thirteen colonies inner stars represent states added union large star torch represents indiana survey conducted north american association placed indiana flag 32nd design quality canadian provincial state territorial flags ranked statute current statute design state flag states flag dimensions shall feet fly feet feet fly feet size dimensions field flag shall blue nineteen stars torch gold buff thirteen stars shall arranged outer circle representing original thirteen states stars shall arranged half circle torch inside outer circle stars representing states admitted prior indiana nineteenth star larger representing indiana shall placed flame torch outer circle stars shall arranged star shall appear directly middle circle word indiana shall placed half circle star representing indiana midway star center rays shall shown torch stars star upper center circle usage laws govern use state flag flag required flown state militias indiana national_guard display indiana times flag displayed agency funded state government including public schools state universities state parks respects flag treated care respect flag united_states late media station indianapolis began use flag design station logo acquiring cbs affiliation january variation indiana state flag flag movie batman flag seen mayor office logo acquired corporation standard oil indiana prominently features torch commemorate company indiana origins remains use stations standard trade dress maintain trademark protection


history flags romania colors national flag romania romanian long history red yellow blue found late 16th century royal grants michael brave shields banners late 13th century shows coat arms ruler consisting shield vertically alternating gold red bands colors coat arms second bulgarian empire colors appeared late 15th century flag coat arms reign stephen great late 16th century century historical coat arms gradually developed shield party consisting black eagle blue background upper field dividing red band middle seven red towers golden background lower field finally quarter 18th century gets coat arms empire blue red shield party pale black head middle golden pointed stars surrounding uprising present canvas revolutionaries flag fringes time meaning attributed liberty sky blue justice field yellow fraternity blood red adopted reforming submitted naval military colors designs approval sultan flag red blue yellow face having stars bird head middle soon order colors changed yellow appearing center flags handed use remarked order differentiate military colors war flag adopted new design red yellow blue red stripes equal width center white shield bordered gold decorated eagle wearing crown cross flag adopted revolutionaries year blue yellow red blue line meaning liberty justice fraternity april according romanian students paris new government blue gold red national flag symbol union decree june provisional government mentioned national flag colors blue yellow red words justice fraternity romanian transitional alphabet differed earlier blue stripe symbol eliminated corners crown atop eagle end motto present flags blessed following day intended use national_guard today city guard flag survives blue stripe appear words fraternity justice yellow county red city centimeter long centimeter wide existence similar flags confirmed records cases mention manufacturer price police observer flag cloth sides detachment wool cost decree june ordered garrisons store old flags warehouses necessary change flags new flags soon sent june general christian tell asked provisional government approve manufacture flags infantry cavalry following submitted provisional government approval request granted july flags distributed september ceremony june metropolitan prime minister gave following disposition standards liberty raised buildings insignia carried symbols widely employed demonstrations raised public buildings boats warships etc decree july issued agreed national standards designed defined flag vertical stripes possibly influenced french model shades dark blue light yellow red order near wood comes blue yellow red observes point view french revolutionary flag middle stripe represents metal respectively writers believe imitation french flag instead old romanian tradition theory supported note revolutionary foreign minister colors band leaders wear followers modern origin flags earlier time received insignia bands follow spirit imitation fashion earlier conference april revolutionaries adopted blue white red national flag vertical according memoirs george words roman virtue resurrected number contemporary sources colors including newspaper din significance importance romanian costume union old colors blue red white peace appears specimens blue yellow red stripes preserved today national museum romanian history later commemorate events yellow replaced white symbol romanian desire join romania revolution old flags restored revolutionaries punished having worn adopted new design military colors preserved colors horizontal layout changed decorative elements similar flag lasted october january acting right initials military flags replaced eagles merger legend legend arose stating national formed merging colors flags probably desire reconcile parties choice revolutionary flag romania legend convenient respect colors attributed flags time red blue blue yellow legend inspired number artworks including painting wishing depict brotherhood chose passage chronicle year october prince entered land troops place near arrived prince peace christians people said words exchanged begging prince seeing begging followed wishes peace painting shows shaking hands center flags blue red yellow blue seen color combinations attested prior contests legend noting red yellow blue union colors vertically represent flag romanian nation lands inhabited present opposite sides border demonstrations fraternity held time hoc civilian population adopted symbol union fact observed count french foreign minister year minister foreign affairs provisional government assured extraordinary envoy flag colors existed long time ancestors bore standard flags borrowing imitation present threat future paintings shows assassination michael brave depicted united standard provinces yellow red middle blue hypothesis colors union appeared historical literature skepticism arguments deployed favor flags united february journey elected greeted edge city commander carrying flag sight deeply moved old flags alongside june year decreed united official civil flag flag red yellow blue romanian horizontal stripes order stripes proportion civil flag known described din flag divided stripes red yellow blue laid horizontally red blue yellow middle sources suggest stripe blue revolutionary replaced year red approximate ratio suggested army flags preserved proportion symbolism asserts represented liberty justice fraternity flag gained degree international recognition relating prince june journey constantinople doctor carol observed romanian flag raised great mast sultan awaited guard armed grand door prince quiet speech spent minutes sultan came review grand led prince main gate returned europe palace romanian flag mast flag worn found today collections national museum romanian history inventory number rectangular shape ratio silk strips laid horizontally red center right flag painted eagle cross symbols power appears center left pointed star horns inclined flags surround symbols left right probably crossed near lost flag blue ribbon tips found eagle edge lance red strip found crown situated center mark coats arms statement union joy long live sides crown partially faded ends metal sphere topped eagle researchers differ origin date flag col maria consider united official flag dates period immediately union dan mario believes military colors believe flag designed union entities proclaimed december adopted title date flag kept army arsenal transferred national military museum present location specimen preceded dating featuring canvas somewhat smaller dimensions flag blue strip coats arms longer surrounded flags today inscription blue strip differed found flag flag different contemporary designs silk vertical stripes blue crown painted center raised present castle today found history museum museum complex military colors article paris convention provided armies countries present flags flags feature future blue design attached present convention march war minister general asked approve design army flags agreed government session march flags featured national horizontal stripes red roman eagle cross order day march decided considering army following union flag keeping mind true emblem romania roman eagle decreed decree follows roman eagle cross mouth shall placed emblem romania army flags resulting designs distributed september differ somewhat march roman eagle wings wearing crown carries right sword left breast appears open shield topped crown left shield gold eagle cross left profile wearing crown right red star horns hanging sword red ribbon gold letters honor honor fly corners prince initial surrounded laurel golden flag inscribed unit bore cloth centimeter long centimeter wide metal roman eagle tip order march symbol right shield eagle design likely adopted customary usage arose single capital february flags distributed following units occasion handing flags delivered following speech flags changed army flags design preserved today romanian flags article constitution romania provided colors united blue yellow red order placement colors decided assembly deputies session march following proposal placed commission work continued march following vote senate wrapped adoption april law fixing arms romania according flag colors placed vertically following order blue yellow middle red fly country coat arms placed army flags center civilian flags remained coat arms distinction flags naval war fleet civilian fleet conveyed opinion said flag today minister claims flag union flag romanian nation lands inhabited law modifying country arms march change provisions design coat arms design proposed adopted royal standard according laws later royal standard identical army country coat arms center produced slightly different design adopted yellow stripe twice wide red blue ones canvas ratio corner flag silver royal crown crown prince standard identical lacked crowns corners album dating end 19th century october national geographic magazine flags having stripe military colors right alexander john military units military colors replaced new design instead coat arms company appeared standards eagle edge preserved flags distributed civic guard established march different design colors vertical center found respective city coat arms national eagle end lance larger featured shield united breast design flags describes detail canvas centimeter long centimeter wide ratio center painted respective city coat arms covered golden mural crown corners surrounded laurel number legion roman golden fringes surrounded canvas fabric hanging corners eagle end wings facing downward crown head carried right hand sword left gold shield carved eagle breast eagle half head second sword ribbon passed bearing inscription honor september prince carol handed flags civic guards decided design military flags replaced design following law modification national coat arms design wise fall generations flags produced flags standards survived square centimeter center painted background surrounded closed silver romania middle coat arms prince carol corners surrounded laurel crown topped metal eagle motto honor unit number cavalry flags reduced dimensions centimeter decorative elements painted insignia distributed units october field flags produced differ slightly preceding ones july units created received design army headquarters occasion prince carol addressed following words troops giving corps flag honor romania place shield courage devotion self denial time occasion arises receive flag day going field honor seek crown glory forget flag symbol categories flags replaced new ones 25th anniversary romanian war independence small details differentiate flags produced predecessors canvas square centimeter ribbon thread ending attached lions holding coat arms gold teeth claws time coat arms longer bordered middle shield coat arms house surrounded gold border generations realized romanian state berlin house war minister observing way flags woven materials leave desired canvas gets cut breaks addressed order general president joint commission inspector general military engineers honor asking measures commission detailed description flags standards existence materials produced dimensions etc work law march decided national insignia flag kept mind beginning design flags ratio entire national coat arms appeared center modifications surrounded open flags belonging divisions took world war handed transferred military museum similar design king carol died october king ferdinand began appearing corners dimensions vary centimeter centimeter military colors high february august designs stakes defined infantry corps battalion substituted military colors necessary regiment single flag vertical provided laws romania coats arms flag established romania coast guard according october national geographic identical national flag yellow stripe featured blue anchor cable silver royal crown period appeared laws regulations providing military colors guarded high decree august specified flag carried regiment adjutant junior officer aided flag bearing officer likewise composition infantry flag guard regulated composed row flanking adjutant junior officer having assistant officer right second row regulation concerning infantry exercises maneuvers provided military maneuvers flag pennant center second battalion regiment composed battalions center battalion regiment flag bearer chosen colonel integrated subdivision battalion regulation listed index honors flag manner flag specification reserved family romanian flags provinces austro hungarian russian substantial romanian populations year joined romania favorable conditions arose express openly desire unite democratic republic created december declared independence january paul gore written russian language study national colors sought demonstrate use romanian correctly certain esteem national past little courage needed defend national legal rights way insist national flag composed stripes colored blue yellow red stripes arranged vertically let stripes order indicated horizontal colors order preserve especially colors coat arms represents eliminate border imperial colors precisely ancient coat arms known flags designed according exact rules according colors field corresponding coats arms perspective mind considers gore moral author flag democratic republic blue yellow red horizontal stripes coat arms center yellow field inscription independent democratic republic center blue field flag similar written blue field coat arms larger dimensions placed middle yellow red republic military colors fashioned weeks december parade troops took place written regiment number silver thread stretching flag letters romanian flags produced anticipation great national assembly horizontal blue yellow red echoing revolution images glass captured assembly photographer massive numerous flags inscribed motto national museum romanian history holds flags assembly participants coat arms fourth belonged national_guard dimensions centimeter stripes ends fly corner tip turned outside wooden painted black second centimeter yellow red stripes survive end corner tip outside flag centimeter colored stripes end sharp angle tip outside respective color ribbon end attached flags greater romania greater romania came remained official flag stripes arranged vertically coat arms center royal standards april new designs royal standards adopted king standard consisted red square flag bordered yellow strip blue thirteen blue additional corners country lesser coat arms found middle flag beneath placed cross order michael brave ascending throne king carol stretched cross edge standard symbol heroic royalty placed lesser coat arms remains returned romania coffin standard queen standard similar king cross missing crown prince standard dark blue red border yellow lesser coat arms center royal princes flag similar lacked border queen helen returned romania flag designed queen mother similar queen standard lacked border flags standards public officials contemporary albums instance edition display number flags standards interwar romanian public officials war minister flag square letter white found blue stripe ministers similar flags jack employed romanian vessels yellow square bordered red coat arms center ship captains standard national flag royal crown center pilot boats standard consisted national flag bordered white flag ratio thickness border altogether ratio river police standard blue square white center standard postal division romanian maritime service white field ratio fly ending sharp interior angle square national flag royal crown center appeared blue cord hung catching golden postal horn military colors military flags national coat arms painted center corners found golden kings ferdinand carol designs michael crowned surrounded golden oak leaves ended metal eagle wings facing downward crowned carrying cross naval flags flags including rear shown square romanian chief naval general staff white stars blue stripe flag crossed anchors elements beneath vice admiral flag anchors rear admiral standard star blue stripe naval captains commanders longer red stripe standard ending angle pointing inward ratio deputy commanders ships triangle emblem ratio naval flags world war shortly world war flags military vessels changed specific design adopted yellow portion taking form cross widened arms following models shown flags romanian people republic december romania proclaimed people republic kingdom symbols outlawed including coats arms flags showed january decree issued specifications powers romanian people republic article provided republic new coat arms composed tractor group chimneys field rising sun surrounded bound ears wheat tied ribbon inscription initials end ears article dealt national flag colors romanian people republic blue yellow red arranged vertically having center yellow field coat arms republic according article constitution flag romanian people republic composed colors blue yellow red arranged vertically middle placed national coat arms constitution article added little detail flag romanian people republic colors red yellow blue arranged vertically blue near lance middle placed coat arms romanian people republic colors shades flag proportions specified according provisions constitution pointed red star appeared upper edge coat arms altered march reflected flags official romanian standards military colors standards july great national assembly issued decree establishment military colors armed forces romanian people republic standards military air_force naval forces article defined units military colors follows silk stripes colored red yellow blue arranged vertically blue situated near edges flag yellow metal fringes wire fly corners wire oriented right middle placed coat arms natural colors coat arms arched line written letters golden wire middle flag emblem worn uniforms officers armed forces applied emblem written straight letters golden wire unit ends shaped tip found pointed star center written initials law annex specified dimensions flag centimeter long centimeter wide coat arms emblem centimeter high fringes centimeter long centimeter long centimeter long centimeter wide article described air_force ensign sky blue silk ensign rectangular face having applied red silk strips form edges ensign fringes military colors middle face oriented right coat arms middle face emblem worn uniforms officers belonging armed forces coat arms emblem inscriptions identical military colors annex specified dimensions ensign decorative elements identical military colors center flag ray angle specified shade blue flag iron blue article described romanian navy ensign pieces white blue silk rectangular laid horizontally blue beneath having width centimeter white having width centimeter coat arms applied middle white surface face oriented right face middle surface emblem worn uniforms officers belonging armed forces applied coat arms emblem inscriptions fringes military colors annex specified flag dimensions centimeter coat arms centimeter high distance edges white strip centimeter centimeter words found white strip coat arms unit placed middle blue strip decree published issue established design army soldiers officers generals officers emblem pointed red star centimeter diameter center circles radius centimeter yellow touched star interior angles second radius centimeter blue center golden initials following year decree july modification art decree altered navy ensign new regulation provided separate insignia flag navy land units flag navy ships flag coast guard ships navy land units flag pieces silk colored white blue rectangular shape laid horizontally blue piece white middle white area facing right coat arms romanian people republic natural colors middle white area symbol worn uniforms officers belonging armed forces romanian people republic coat arms emblem inscriptions fringes military colors described article decree according decree annex flag dimensions centimeter blue strip centimeter wide white centimeter coat arms centimeter high centimeter away edge white strip centimeter away navy ships ensign consisting piece ordinary rectangular canvas colors white blue printed stripes laid horizontally blue coat arms romanian people republic natural colors middle white area sides ensign fringes supplied mechanism raising stern beam mast ensign coast guard ships different navy ships color lower stripe coast guard green law annex described proportions ensign elements actual dimensions fixed armed forces ministry interior ministry depending ship size place ensign raised flag times wide long divided colored stripe white stripe coat arms height flag width placed width away edges white stripe spelling reform country written flags decree april modification art decree established new devices ensign auxiliary navy ships previous ensign continuing use battleships navy battleships auxiliary navy ships coast guard vessels ensign auxiliary navy ships ordinary canvas rectangular blue upper corner cord sides colors white light blue horizontal stripes white middle white area sides coat arms romanian people republic natural colors ensign proportions indicated annex times wide long upper left standard similar proportion basic elements battleship standard dimensions flag length width navy coast guard vessels pennant ordinary rectangular canvas red navy battleships blue auxiliary navy ships green coast guard ships width length edge near cord colors white light blue sides horizontal stripes navy ships white light green coast guard ships proportions respectively area length pennant length cases white shall coat arms romanian people republic natural colors middle white area sides height pennant width located width away edges white area end pennant cut form sharp angle pointing inward cut times deep length white colored area near cord ships provided cord mechanism raised tall mast proportions pennant component elements indicated annex actual dimensions remaining decided armed forces ministry interior ministry flags socialist republic romania constitution socialist republic romania adopted provided following article flag socialist republic romania colors red yellow blue arranged vertically blue near coat arms socialist republic romania middle decree november insignia socialist republic romania described detail coat arms seal flag state anthem republic attached commentary noted absence corresponding regulations appeared mistaken interpretations constitutional specifications incorrect state insignia chapter decree entirely devoted describing flag protocol use flag defined having ratio colored stripes equal dimensions regular colors printed annex named coat arms placed center height flag width provided flag proportions differ ornamental purposes coat arms center vertical articles specifically covered flag protocol describing raised permanently temporarily art protocol raising outside country borders art demonstrations socialist organizations art conditions lowering half staff art art describing exceptions rule conditions manner flag art place romanian flag case flew foreign flags art flags president prime minister minister armed forces president president council state prime minister standard square romanian white edge red border coat arms center height width standard decorated fringes golden thread material flag minister armed forces consisted white pennant ratio flag placed red pointed stars occupied fly military colors standards military colors standards adopted romanian people republic modified completely changed decree december regulations granting military colors units large units military branches modifying display protocol navy coast guard ships establishing distinctive emblem commanders navy coast guard vessels jack navy ships distinctive ensign coast guard ships attached commentary mentioned previous regulations longer valid primarily military colors naval land units longer featured national flag colors white blue navy coast ships longer featured national flag colors close distances romanian ships confused nations air_force flag longer necessary correspond new organization military aviation branch article decree provided military colors granted council state romanian socialist republic units large units military branches armed forces ministry units internal affairs ministry founding flag granted depending case initiative armed forces minister internal affairs minister granting flag council state romanian socialist republic representative armed forces respectively internal affairs minister clause article modified decree june modification certain laws flag granted presidential decree units large units military branches armed forces ministry units internal affairs ministry founding navy coast guard vessels consisted military colors respective units pennant device indicated ship armed commanded navy officer consisted ordinary canvas shape triangle base mechanism flag colors coat arms romanian socialist republic printed sides jack ordinary square canvas having printed sides flag colors coat arms romanian socialist republic crossed white anchors size coat arms blue area distinctive ensign coast guard vessels consisted ordinary white rectangular canvas half near mechanism green white anchor dimensions insignia manner use left armed forces ministry decide regulation decree april establishment military colors patriotic guards regulation granting created special symbol units patriotic guards similar military colors military units exception inscription flag reverse arched line coat arms administrative unit formation located municipality county straight line beneath coat arms dimensions indicated annex canvas centimeter long centimeter wide text centimeter high fringes centimeter long centimeter long centimeter wide end centimeter high according decree flag granted unit commanders county level level patriotic guards representatives general staff patriotic guards central committee romanian communist_party following presidential decree purpose patriotic guards distinguished training exercises national defense comprised fighters eligible receive flags naval rank flags decree created legal framework establishment distinctive rank flags commanders rank flags raised navy coast guard ships accordance services sailing regulations distinctive rank flag raised general secretary central committee romanian communist_party president council state romanian socialist republic president council ministers romanian socialist republic official visit aboard ship commanders rank flag flown similar situations minister armed forces romanian socialist republic commander navy commander large unit ships commander group ships temporarily constituted form colors dimensions flags remained fixed regulation flag romanian revolution starting december revolution coat arms romanian socialist republic began removed flags viewed symbol regime accomplished cutting middle yellow stripe giving rise term flag hole decree law december membership organization functioning council national salvation territorial councils national salvation provided article matters national flag traditional romania colors laid vertically following order starting blue yellow red storage restoration conservation old flags 19th century modern army established old military flags deposited army arsenal transferred national military museum flags witnessed romanian war independence replaced kept throne room royal palace entered military museum collection significant number old flags given national history museum romanian foreign flags central military museum original including decoration canvas copies decoration remained categories flags standards ship flags ties collection reached items museum flag standard collection counted objects majority romania older flags field deteriorated missing entirely bullets swords museum experts taken steps preserve flags including introducing double majority flags starting 1930s washing certain dust covered flags special methods placing dark protective covers flags shield fabric light replacing seriously deteriorated copies flags order avoid repeated manipulation climate controlling storage areas exhibit halls certain flags subject restoration work acts heroism flag romanian war independence romanian troops inspired bravery flag presence attack august captain fell action 8th line regiment flag troops 3rd cavalry regiment enter flag following acts bravery military colors decorated ceremony october units participated siege 6th line infantry regiment regiments fought 6th line infantry regiment regiments battalions cavalry regiments 6th line infantry regiment 3rd artillery regiment received danube crossing cross 13th regiment received order star romania regiments battalion received great cross order star romania decorated 9th regiment 4th 6th line infantry regiments september flag 6th line infantry regiment received military bravery medal prince milan serbia world war saw sacrifices defense military colors symbol duty defend nation land military honor october flag guard infantry regiment met cavalry patrol german_army arms regimental flag bearer stood ground comrades jumped defense saved flag month later infantry regiment found dire circumstances deciding bury flag peasant yard recovered autumn occupying foreign armies driven coast guard regiment faced difficulty fighting unit commander decided bury eagle atop flag canvas wrapped body troop confusion flag placed pole took campaigns end war decorated order michael brave commemorative cross war victoria medal military colors decorated war end examples heavy artillery regiment received order star romania rank knight swords ribbon military virtue heavy artillery regiment decorated order star romania commemorative cross war regiment received order michael brave infantry regiment giving proof spirit sacrifice powerful patriotism received order michael brave class iii commemorative cross world war units flags appeared battle decorated action western aircraft artillery regiment regiment decorated order virtue swords units received order michael brave swords cavalry regiment distinguished battles rivers czechoslovakia infantry regiment broke liberated regiments artillery infantry battalions


née june simply known renowned philippine history principal official flag philippines gaining title mother philippine flag daughter rich family hometown finishing studies santa college acquired learning music feminine crafts age married filipino lawyer don bore children marriage led important role philippine history husband exiled hong_kong outbreak philippine revolution rest family joined temporarily resided avoid anti filipino hostility foreign countries hong_kong general requested flag represent country eldest daughter friend manually flag accordance general design later official flag philippines flag perpetual legacy commemorated museums monuments like marker hong_kong family temporarily ancestral home turned museum paintings notable painters visual arts early life born june philippines francisco grew ancestral house built grandfather daughter rich religious family referred town means virgin town church stories told area related people kept waiting church appearance morning attend mass accompanied maid elder relative sent convent education manila convent studying santa college dominican exclusive school girls established walled city finished elementary secondary education college learned spanish music feminine crafts social spent partly hometown partly convent accordingly skilled marriage family married don rich filipino filipino diplomat thirty don judge finally moved manila lived story house del pillar near church daughters born named mother thought child died age youngest maria surviving child died july daughters teachers graduate oxford_university graduation elder daughters offered teaching positions given appointment teach catholic school immersed respective teaching careers chose married cared daughters reached maturity favorite pieces advice live honestly work hard depend family property legal services rendered don impoverished daughters observed thursday day charity queue people seeking form left house handed hand bag rice addition money gave practice lasted couple retired living hong_kong learning plans governor general philippines don sailed japan staying briefly proceeding hong_kong joined filipino found asylum revolution broke months departure don hong_kong rest family daughters born followed exile rented house morrison hill district hong_kong gave birth child march exile received filipino came house place sanctuary filipino revolutionary initiated meetings residence especially critical months march april folks fiancée sought refuge house spanish authorities threatened torture making philippine flag signing pact december general voluntary exile visited residence hong_kong having met requested immediately hand flag according design national aspirations receiving request delegated eldest daughter year old niece sister help process took short time difficult worked manually aid machine flag rays sun proper direction eyes hands suffered prolonged work session fine silk bought hong_kong flag gold contained stripes blue red white triangle sun stars flag finished days known sun stars flag flag delivered personally packed things brought manila flag hoisted window house proclamation philippine independence june accompanied philippine national anthem witness public display flag time flag congress husband remained hong_kong remained response message written wrote following statement interviewed house morrison hill lived family exiled country account national cause good fortune philippine flag direction leader took days national flag completed delivered boarding transport best witness information flag displayed beginning revolutionary government government spain islands post exile death daughters stayed hong_kong took care house asylum funds run heavy expenses incurred don diplomatic activities france united_states sell children support family pay voyage manila money help boost revolutionary funds support revolution impoverished family gained don returned profession fall philippine republic establishment american regime family ended exile went manila soon don diplomatic activities abroad ended settled family house death don remaining family suffered starvation supply food water needs japanese contributed period japanese invasion taking stride remained pragmatic source inspiration house japanese occupation said remaining daughters endured battle manila health alternatively called old age steadily deteriorating continued deceased husband extent daughters found necessary hide remaining photographs quietly died manila age mortal remains brought manila interred alongside husband catholic cemetery according wishes commemoration commemorative figures created remembrance historic family november marker erected national historical institute philippines museum established accordance wish named museum monument museum ancestral house house turned museum permanently exhibits flags depicting flag bronze statue holding flag erected outside house garden hong_kong historical marker created hong_kong council morrison hill park commemorate site philippine flag place resided location hong_kong locations historical importance remain unmarked legacy remembered visual arts filipino national artist napoleon created concrete marble sculpture women weaving filipino flag commemorate women assisted important task renowned filipino painter painted historical nationally known making philippine flag popular culture portrayed film


college arms college arms known college royal corporation consisting professional officers arms jurisdiction england wales northern_ireland commonwealth realms appointed british sovereign delegated authority act behalf crown matters granting new coats arms research recording college official body responsible matters relating flying flags land maintains official registers flags national symbols royal household united_kingdom college self financed public funds founded royal charter king richard iii college remaining official authorities europe united_kingdom authorities court lord scotland college rest united_kingdom college home city london foundation present location queen_victoria street college arms planning ceremonial occasions state annual service state opening parliament college accompany sovereign occasions college comprises thirteen officers kings arms arms arms seven officers extraordinary ceremonial occasions college entire corporation overseen earl marshal hereditary office held duke norfolk currently edward howard 18th duke norfolk history foundation king richard iii interest indicated possession important rolls arms duke gloucester constable england brother edward capacity supervised plans reform organisation soon accession throne created sir john howard duke norfolk earl marshal england howard appointed positions year reign royal incorporated royal charter dated march latin translated king arms england king arms southern parts king arms northern parts king arms wales arms charter goes state time shall body corporate fact shall preserve succession charter titled held british museum evidence prior charter royal ways behaved like corporation early charter earliest surviving document chapter corporate body charter outlines constitution officers hierarchy privileges conferred jurisdiction matters kingdom england king empowered college use common seal authority instructed find chaplain celebrate mass daily anne queen consort heir prince edward college granted house named inn upper thames street parish storing records living space house built sir john times lord mayor london said greatest city london varying fortunes defeat death richard iii field double blow lost patron king earl marshal slain victorious henry tudor crowned king henry vii soon battle henry parliament passed act resumption large grants crown properties predecessors supporters cancelled act affected status college charter act facilitate facto recovery crown henry granted house mother lady margaret life supposed house granted personally john king arms corporation result left books records lost despite ill treatment king position royal court remained compelled king attend times albeit rotation reign king henry_viii said time establishment college higher fuller employment reign henry_viii fond gave plenty opportunity exercise roles court addition members college expected regularly foreign courts missions declare war accompany armies summon garrisons deliver messages foreign generals magnificent meeting francis france field cloth gold henry_viii brought eighteen officers arms probably regulate tournaments ceremonies held college petitions king duke suffolk return chapter house rejected left hold chapter palace royal court happened time resorted meeting houses hospital furthermore henry_viii habit raising ladies situation subjects queens awarding extended respective families considered harmful science noted antiquarian charles commented arms queen anne usage introduced henry_viii granting paternal arms striking illustration condition second tudor sovereign reign henry_viii conferred college important duties century provincial kings arms commissioned royal warrant enter houses churches given authority destroy arms knight gentleman time dissolution monasteries duty necessary monasteries previously local records records duty recording college affairs individuals charged heavily fined breaking law arms hundreds carried 17th century college found mary embarrassing sides initially proclaimed right rival lady jane grey throne king edward died july lady jane grey proclaimed queen days later fleet street blowing popular support swung mary lord mayor london councils accompanied king arms returned mary ascension rightful queen instead college excuse compelled earlier act duke northumberland lady jane father law later executed excuse mary accepted queen husband sovereign philip spain set granting college new house called derby place derby house new charter dated july court palace house built thomas stanley 1st earl derby married lady margaret created 1st earl derby house built given crown 3rd earl exchange land charter stated house enable college assemble consult agree good faculty records rolls safely deposited charter kings arms successors corporation perpetual succession new seal authority college coat arms engraved house office arms january house college office arms derby place situated parish peter south paul cathedral college present location records carrying modifications structure derby place years little record appearance survived description buildings formed sides entered gate west south range roughly queen_victoria street stands large hall western end derby place tax bill discovered national archives showed building thirty rooms workplace home officers arms reign mary sister elizabeth saw college privileges confirmed act parliament drawing important internal statutes college thomas howard duke norfolk earl marshal dated july long reign saw college distracted william robert york herald rights disputes officers took occurred lesser historian mark noble wrote fights involved use epithet opponents accusations fill volume years college reputation greatly injured eyes public reason laid imperfect execution reorganisation college uncertainty issue granting arms new emerging gentry era state college lasted year finally reporting william cecil baron consequence important measures reform college reign james eventually college ended expulsion death civil war english civil war began reign king charles college divided king arms sided king officers began court services petitioned parliament year protect books record registers entries arms joined king oxford followed campaigns sir edward walker king arms appointed permission parliament act king chief secretary negotiations newport execution charles walker joined charles_ii exile netherlands august committee took possession college premises kept authority later october parliament ordered committee directly remove officers loyalty king nominate candidates fill vacant offices officers loyalty remained king persecuted deprived offices fine imposed imprisoned spite institutional college protected rights work continued edward member parliament appointed parliament rejected king created king arms time continued work present june oliver second installation ceremony lord protector commonwealth survival command convention parliament proclaimed charles_ii king westminster hall gate said william originally appointed lancaster herald charles sided royal arms plundered wars borrow decorative tomb james westminster abbey instead duly returned day restoration charles_ii acts parliament actions lord protector supporters accordingly grant arms commonwealth college declared void furthermore appointed lost offices appointed originally charles returned places exception edward removed instead appointed edward walker great fire london swept city derby place college home completely destroyed fortunately college library saved stored palace later moved palace westminster temporary office opened apartment called queen court announcement gazette draw public notice situation shortage funds planned rebuilding new college delayed francis dragon morris king able design begin construction new structure old site costs rebuilding financed stages structure erected slowly parts contributed significantly pockets time sought nobility names contributors recorded series splendid manuscripts known books college structure finished new building built plain bricks storeys basement attic levels addition college consists extensive range buildings apart hall porter lodge public office rest building given accommodation east south sides houses constructed façade keeping original design hall time library transformed earl marshal court court remains day stylistic changes exterior building details removed transforming building popular neo classical style magnificent coronation james saw college revived institution state monarchy abrupt end reign saw taking william orange mary glorious revolution period saw single grant arms college attributed changes attitude times acts union england scotland reign anne affect jurisdiction rights college college arms court lord exist respective realms matter precedence lord england immediate precedence king arms comfortable decay succession throne great_britain led reigns ceremony incorporation notable incident college period reign george happened called robert pretended herald prosecuted college county suffolk sentenced market towns public market days imprisoned pay fine sentence executed proving rights college respected reign george college petitioned charter rights effort proved unsuccessful apart events influence college greatly diminished sugar house built wall college structure fire risk cause great anxiety college surveyor drew attention problem avail february college asked select committee house_of_commons report state public records drew attention proximity sugar house members committee inspected college premises reported house college moved new building secured risk fire water walls college damaging records surveyor traced leak shed recently erected smith owner sugar house declared readiness actually little situation years negotiation college bought sugar house smith sum great financial strains placed college times relieved extravagant prince regent future george granted college annual royal warrant february generous crown applied support college despite successes purchase sugar house royal college looked possibility moving location suitable fashionable place john nash time laying plans new london college deputy earl marshal asked government portion land new districts build house records petition college given lords treasury setting herald reason local situation college widely detached proper scene official duties residences class persons records charge chiefly frequently consulted nash asked college design new building near fashionable square nash elaborate plan proved costly ambitious college time college asked robert submit second plan building nash heard architect approached reacted attacked college continued plans constantly conflicts different officers needed build new building college coherent plan duke norfolk ordered college drop matter altogether reconciled location commissioned build new octagonal shaped record room site old sugar house proposal construct road mansion house resulted complete demolition college protests resulted parts south east south west wings requiring extensive college sided building open courtyard facing new queen_victoria street laid terrace steps entrance porch added time reform october warrant commission inquiry state college established warrant issued behalf duke norfolk stated desirable college arms visited inquiry instituted view rules orders good government said college duly fulfilled change circumstances cause new laws regulations necessary said college commission members lord edward howard deputy earl marshal sir william alexander queen counsel edward sergeant law sir bernard famous time king arms gave commission advice college government department let officers receive fixed salaries government let fees paid public arrangement sure self supporting raise character office status suggestion reform arrangement applied lord court scotland applied office unlike court court law scottish judiciary college arms independent corporate body overseen earl marshal lord depended government reforms statutes college able carry changes commission drew attention fees library college general chapter commission report recommended changes duly warrant dated april recommendation implemented despite findings inquiry issues surrounding status position college continued beginning 20th century issues brought forefront inquiry set instructions arthur soon prime minister committee inquiry consist members sir west chairman tasked investigate constitution duties administration college main issues position college theoretically officials royal household actually derive income fees paid private individuals services members committee minority wanted like thirty years earlier officers college arms civil servants state despite concluding form change necessary inquiry stated changes present time present circumstances generous crown instituted george stopped liberal government day campaign house_of_lords class system second inquiry established lord inquiry called soon secret memorandum written circulated home office criticising constitution workings memorandum states seen memorandum cases attempted interfere exercise secretary state constitutional responsibility advising crown college adopted practices connection matters jurisdiction highly improper calculated bring royal contempt accusations concern actions certain advocate cases paid clients opposition ministers day sir anthony wagner writes officers departments doubt way generation college institution reform abolition memorandum ended saying college arms small highly organised luxury trade dependent living supplying demand fancy article like trades cases create demand supply committee report june suggested reforms tackle main issues brought college conflict home office firstly concluded fees systems adequate change necessary regard justified stating placing officers fixed salary advantages expected result change secondly concluded college entirely home office standing inter committee established settle future conflicts present anniversary incorporation college arms exhibition held college herald principal treasures associated interests exhibition opened earl marshal ran june july time received visitors including king george queen elizabeth beginning second world war college records moved castle gloucestershire home major howard king arms college building consumed fire buildings east college queen_victoria street building given lost change wind saved end war records returned safely college college given new responsibilities office king arms annexed combined king arms creating new office called king arms sir howard hold office college building saved war walls roof left state decision forced abandon old building profitable financially repair scale far college resources eventually help ministry works public subscription building repaired time college 4th centenary possession derby place present gates building added came originally court new gates displayed college arms crest year incorporation college arms college held special service thanksgiving paul wharf college official church march kings arms ordinary extraordinary college uniform processed college church queen elizabeth_ii duke norfolk earl marshal earl deputy earl marshal february fire broke west wing fourth floor college building london fire brigade fire engines able bring flames control meantime people evacuated building adjacent buildings fortunately records books college damaged repairs smoke damaged rooms exterior completed december roles ceremonial college arms royal household sovereign united_kingdom serve monarch accompanying state occasions occasions centred institution monarchy symbol state expression majesty power public ceremony presently turn uniforms twice year state opening parliament early summer service windsor castle organisation planning state ceremonies falls earl marshal college chief result role perform significant royal ceremony state opening parliament takes place annually houses parliament including ordinary extraordinary officers form royal procession preceding sovereign great officers state procession starts victoria tower norman porch chamber sovereign imperial state crown lead royal gallery house_of_lords remain speech accompany leaves palace service day held june monday royal week annual service takes place george chapel windsor castle day new companions order personally invested insignia throne room windsor castle sovereign members lunch wearing blue velvet robes black velvet hats white chamber members way foot upper ward castle george chapel procession led members college arms military knights windsor contingents sovereign bodyguard service members return upper ward carriage ceremony especially significant king arms senior officer college officer order participation annual ceremonies considered time consuming herald roles times involved important ceremonies concerning life british monarch death sovereign accession council officers lord mayor london meets james palace formal proclamation accession sovereign traditional method publishing council proclamation recognising new monarch way physically read task assigned members college way earl marshal receives text proclamation council person proclamation read locations london traditionally reading court balcony james palace reading ceremony held temple bar detachment accompanied troops royal horse guards formally demand admission city london city marshall city barrier consisting rope place ancient bar removed detachment march forward meet lord mayor city proclamation read readings members college occur corner lane fleet street royal exchange coronation ceremony members college form royal procession enters westminster abbey members college walk procession virtue majesty kings arms england alongside scottish colleagues lord arms court king arms usually placed lord great chamberlain procession duty guiding performing ceremony duties coronation ceremony unlike master ceremonies ceremony kings arms allowed wear distinctive crowns group individuals apart king queen authorised state place royal procession enters place worship historically procession royal usually sovereign carry piece armour representing marks included helm crest spurs target shield arms sword literal coat arms procession integral royal funeral role royal funeral reading list styles titles deceased april king arms peter jones read styles titles queen elizabeth queen mother end funeral service westminster abbey granting proving descent arms granting coat arms united_kingdom sole british monarch delegated power authorities lord jurisdiction scotland college arms england wales northern_ireland jurisdiction right arms acquired exclusively proving descent male line registered entitled new grant king arms common way gaining right technically arms gained grant crown meaning use time succeeding office marriage descent arms follow strongly law arms branch english law interpreted civil lawyers court sir edward commentary wrote gentry nature descend arms england descend male lines senior unlike scotland new grant arms granted letters patent crown delegates authority king arms letters issued warrant earl marshal agreeing granting arms case authority earl marshal challenged established royal declaration stating things patents arms granted consent established present system royal authority approve candidates grants arms exercised earl marshal royal authority grant arms exercised kings arms firstly petition submitted called memorial earl marshal memorial drawn officer arms felt petition accepted currently set criteria eligibility grant arms college recommends awards honours crown civil military commissions university degrees professional qualifications public charitable services good standing national local life taken account past issue eligibility source great conflict submissions officer clients basis meant ignored lieu profit past officers rested phrase eminent men originally test applied wealth social status man entitled bear coat arms expected gentleman applied property qualification requiring successful candidates grant arms income land wealth case york herald tricked king arms william granting coat arms gregory common fee shillings king found imprisoned freed days later fee grant arms memorial submitted laid earl marshal warrant january fees personal grant arms including crest grant non profit body commercial company grant include grant badge supporters standard inclusion grant requires extra fees fees mainly commissioning artwork letters patent hand sense work art plus administrative costs borne college earl marshal approved petition issue warrant king arms allow proceed granting arms stage designing formation arms begin king arms discretion composition arms account wishes include allusions references life achievements design new coat arms rules entirely original distinct previous arms recorded college archives preliminary sketch approved sent approval soon composition agreed parties final grant created takes form illuminated decorated letters patent letter written painted college artist grant signed seal king arms handed use arms perpetual property heirs copy grant college register granted coat arms hereditary property owner descendants legitimate male line person originally granted arms establish right arms descent able prove ancestor arms recorded registers college possibility inheritance contact officer waiting college advise course action cost search research descent arms requires details paternal ancestry involve examination records step involve search family college archives coats arms family connection officer prove method fact descent connection found research outside college archives undertaken order provide definitive evidence descent individual change names college arms authorised location change common law obligation undergo particular order change possible execute deed poll specifically deed change demonstration intention adopt henceforth use new deeds poll enrolled high_court college enrolled deed published london gazette deed poll entered registers published change affects given change arms possible change coat arms adopting new surname royal licence licence form warrant crown directed kings arms instructing transferred arms version new royal issued advice king arms usually dependent circumstances injunction requirement good reason wish particular coat arms royal licence effect issued recorded college royal deed poll unnecessary records nature coats arms college involved 15th century college regularly conduct research individuals families british isles social classes college official materials pedigree charts family trees college extensive records realm study dates centuries individual wishes family pedigree placed inside college records require services officer college draft pedigree officer ensure pedigree correct format advise client documentary necessary supports draft officer submit pedigree chapter officers examine pedigree mistakes cases demand research examination completed pedigree placed pedigree register college roll house_of_lords act removed automatic right hereditary peers seat house_of_lords prior passage act succeeding title england scotland ireland great_britain united_kingdom prove succession writ summons parliament peers receiving enrolled register lords spiritual temporal document maintained clerk result act register lords spiritual temporal records life peers hereditary peers left house_of_lords meant register incomplete hereditary peers house_of_lords june royal warrant issued queen elizabeth_ii states desirable record kept subjects peers new record named roll warrant later published london gazette june warrant handed responsibility maintaining roll secretary state constitutional affairs responsibility assumed crown office newly created ministry justice warrant stipulated secretary state act consultation king arms lord king arms roll published college arms currently online edition available earl marshal earl marshal great officers state office existed holders office related office fully hereditary year henry howard appointed position king charles_ii succeeded norfolk 6th duke combining titles successors office originates marshal english monarch chief military officers responsible matters concerning war lord high constable held joint post judges court decline medieval role earl marshal came concern matters state royal ceremonies 16th century supervision came include college arms earl marshal head chief college arms important matters concerning governance including appointment new meet approval earl marshal authority flying flags england wales lord king arms scotland officers arms college arms maintain official registers national flags advise national local government bodies individuals flying flags court high_court earl marshal court specialised civil court england presided earl marshal references court court jurisdiction matters relating enforce decisions college arms court considers cases relating questions status including disputes social rank law arms example complaints infringement use individual coat arms court meets premises college arms time met time years college college arms corporation thirteen styled officers ordinary thirteen divided distinctive ranks kings arms arms arms presently seven officers extraordinary ceremonial occasions college members royal household appointed pleasure sovereign recommendation earl marshal officers ordinary appointed letters patent great seal realm officers extraordinary royal sign manual appointments announced london gazette officers ordinary college instituted different dates incorporation college originating private servants royal start names titles royal monarchs england officers extraordinary names titles estates earl marshal created different dates ceremonial purposes wages college entirely self financed recipient regular public funding officers official salaries paid crown salaries officers raised reign king james reduced william salaries reflected living costs day today seen nominal payment addition official duties centuries undertaken private practice professional fees charged uniforms item herald wardrobe 13th century records distinctive apparent likely herald wore master cast coat beginning special significance signifying effect master representative especially master sovereign prince wearing coat haven given herald natural diplomatic status john wrote wearing outward robes prince consent nations extraordinary instance favour honour precedent king persia king england worn arms probably king henry vii today herald survivor history like judges century bishop different officers distinguished type fabric king arms velvet cloth gold herald silk ordinary extraordinary inscribed sovereign royal arms richly custom wear fact fined wear like herald practice ended reign james provided crown year treasury refused ask parliament funds purpose paid bought predecessors newest welsh herald extraordinary stock held lord chamberlain loan tenure office appointment sent repair replacement addition wear black velvet caps badge apart wear scarlet court uniforms gold formal events white black times black patent court shoes gold scottish wear black wool military style trousers wide gold oak leaf lace black patent ankle boots women long black skirt entitled distinctive symbol office tudor period new likely initiative sir alfred scott form short black ends representation different offices replaced white metal handles head blue dove golden blue derived arms college insignia office collar wear uniforms weather large black cape worn state wear wide black silk ancient times worn long black kings arms entitled wear crown 13th century later specific design crown regulated silver crown composed sixteen leaves alternating height inscribed line latin translated mercy god according great mercy crown cap crimson velvet lined having large wrought gold medieval times king arms required wear crowns attend sovereign high year christmas easter saint day today crown reserved occasions time crowns worn coronation queen elizabeth_ii times kings arms wear black trimmed white feathers performing duties outdoors black velvet cap depending circumstances occasion new_zealand herald arms extraordinary special case comes uniform wear performing duties new_zealand simply wear morning dress official uniform chains qualifications formal qualifications herald certain specialist knowledge discipline required current officers trained lawyers historians noted writer sir john wrote glory herald ought gentlemen old man admitting sacred office painter office herald skill literature likewise knowledge greatest scholars eminent age members college robert william sir william john sir anthony wagner john little examples controversial appointments college history example architect sir john appointed king arms knew little known ridiculed described possibly distinguished man worn herald noted antiquarian william appointed king arms described rarely sober afternoon supper addicted low company list officers ordinary officers extraordinary achievement college


ireland king arms ireland king arms title officer arms king england lord ireland accession henry vii king england king arms highest levels officers arms usually enjoys jurisdiction geographical area despite ireland king arms appear exercise authority ireland connection ireland office created preparatory subsequently aborted military expedition ireland holder office walter exercise king arms grant grants kings arms felt provinces years ireland king arms office king arms created holders office exercised control affairs ireland office merged king arms forming present office king arms origins office king richard england created succession ireland kings arms unknown office called notes creation roy ireland clues reasoning fit general english policy ireland time richard sought establish english control areas native irish independence appointment seen necessary preparations appointment duke gloucester lord lieutenant ireland richard intended gloucester lead major military campaign campaign necessitated involvement marshal arms provide advice evidence case disputes richard gloucester campaign happened richard leave ireland large army accompanied john succeeded ireland king arms details given career ireland king arms certainly connection ireland officer arms earl march historical evidence clear long served position clear longer enjoying office time john appointed post exact date appointment unknown appointed king henry england insistence earl evidence suggest connection ireland visited connection earl interesting succeeded thomas previously served king arms lancaster herald arms ordinary known career ireland succeeded thomas walter walter enjoyed office ireland king arms proven fact june king edward granted pension service ireland writ states appointed june year native served herald years accompanied king france acted ambassador french court discussions preceding treaty french king gave value silver marks services affair held office ireland king arms reign henry vii england appointed fill office impact legacy ireland king arms known grants arms known grants recipients jurisdiction kings arms evidence suggest ireland kings arms attempted exercise control practice ireland butler created king arms edward wrote journal occasion king arms ireland province ireland herald ireland king arms new creation revival ireland king arms unlike jurisdiction ireland office king arms merged king arms form present king arms


coat arms country autonomous community current coat arms spanish del official coat arms country autonomous community spain consists party cross representing historical territories fourth void quarter arms oak leaves symbolic fourth quarter constituted late 19th century linked chains following legal suit government claiming usage arms region flag illegal constitutional court spain ordered removal chains judgement origin end home rule governments started mutual approach common concerns face exposure spanish movement intensified motto coined bat echoing bat royal company turn coat arms including historic districts spain called variously sister provinces chartered territories country country etc represent common bonds claimed period chartered provincial governments draft statute country provisional government presided president adopted shield arms provinces comprised statute provinces established administrative design president government affirmed decree october approved emblem flag country shield government contained arms single quarters surrounded crown oak leaves provisional government stated flag unity use frequent lands sanctioned symbol unity official shield like autonomous community disappeared pro franco victory spanish civil war coat arms continued unofficial use flag pro rebel newspaper wartime data november general del general council country restored republican shield albeit modified follows quarter lost motto designs castle arm sword changed castle grey rock arm sword light blue colour quarter wolves arms family suppressed field changed gold crosses ground quarter field changed gold ground removed leaving trees waves fourth quarter contained linked chains following legal suit government claiming usage arms region flag illegal constitutional court spain forced government remove chains leaving red background government colours shield nationalists unofficially recognised coat arms bat argued differs original divided squares including coat arms regions france motto bat coined late 19th century quarters

Coat of arms of Basque Country (autonomous community)


red ensign singapore red ensign singapore civil ensign privately owned non military ships registered singapore overall design ensign modification national flag ratio width length extended ensign created law use ensign regulated maritime port authority singapore according red ensign ensign civilian ships national flag acceptable substitute ensign hoisted ships entering leaving port history year singapore independence malaysia document entitled singapore merchant marine ensign numbered laid parliament september deputy prime minister document created civil ensign ships registered singapore red ensign use design according parliamentary paper background ensign red ratio width length contrast ratio national flag singapore centre ensign white ring surrounds crescent stars coloured white stars arranged form pentagon middle crescent stars taken national flag ensign crescent appears underneath left stars according circular national colours singapore ships issued maritime port authority singapore red colour civil ensign national flag shade red defined ministry information communications arts construction sheet circular includes construction sheet detailed dimensions manufacture flag sheet inches centimetres overall dimensions flag inches inches space ensign ring ring ensign inches outer diameter ring inches ring inches thickness outer curve crescent radius inches star fits circle diameter inches centres stars positioned imaginary circle radius inches centre imaginary circle inches lowest point inner curve crescent regulations section merchant shipping act relevant minister ensign ships shall proper colours singapore ship section goes state master ship ship owner board person colours fined instead red ensign distinctive national colours hoisted board singapore ship minister consent section act singapore ship fails red ensign entering leaving port ship master fined circular calls attention owners masters officers singapore ships sections merchant shipping act particular circular points singapore national flag substitute red ensign


flag tunisia red white flag tunisia adopted national flag origins naval ensign kingdom adopted ibn star crescent recalls ottoman flag indication tunisia history ottoman_empire current official design dates history previous flags century design significance maritime flags flying ships unknown sources able distinguish certain similarities flags designed crescent oriented shape presence colors blue green red white early 19th century flag composed horizontal blue red green stripes identifying ottoman regency kind flag multiple bands irregular floated ships coast north_africa similar flags different colors arrangements continent according flag flag likely simple personal banner ruler floated palace citadel navy ships center coat arms tunisia number public ceremonies including proclamation ottoman constitution march abolition monarchy july believed introduced ibn sources claim use centuries earlier flag rectangular shape divided stripes middle green double size bands alternated yellow red featured center green stripe legendary islamic sword ali blade white red yellow stripes contained symbols order alternated stripe symbols divided categories red sided star disk different color center red star green disk white star blue disk large disk lower right small disk different color combination small red disk larger blue disk small yellow disk larger red disk yellow stripe contains red stars blue second stripe red color contains green white stars stripe second yellow identical exception star center white fourth stripe second white identical second stripe origin current flag muslim countries south coast mediterranean_sea red flag similar flag ottoman_empire destruction naval division battle october sovereign dynasty leader ibn decided create flag use fleet tunisia distinguish fleets date flag adoption government states adopted sources like ryan ultimate pocket flags world claim adopted french era french tunisia french authorities change flag according article flag bulletin publishing fall short period time french flag france placed upper left flag vein whitney smith stated addition french flag modification unofficial national flag years added tunisia french retained national flag land sea late 19th century early 20th century unofficial version flag formal proposal adopt flag official action taken flag featured cover issue flag bulletin appear illustrated source confusion arose issue french daily newspaper journal published july occasion visit france reproduced illustration showing flag visiting paris flags world claimed flag design hadn seen earlier inaccurate suggesting journalist affair reproduced drawing wrong flag description flag defined article june constitution terms flag republic tunisia red conditions defined law middle white disk containing pointed star surrounded red crescent organic law june adopted july chamber deputies flag time law article constitution flag form red width equal thirds length middle flag white disk diameter equal length center located intersection red pointed star located right disk center distance equal length flag center disk location star points determined imaginary disk centered star center diameter equal roughly length flag points star points located horizontal median flag left center imaginary disk star surrounded left red crescent intersection arcs outer arc diameter equal fourth length flag internal arc diameter equal fifth flag length addition flag president republic words nation arabic written gold outer edges flag lined golden yellow fringe red ribbon golden fringe right vertical white disk star crescent near fringe attached flag pole flag article constitution presence technical containing model flag guide drawing includes proper measurements technical specifications colors symbolism embassy france color red represents blood killed turkish conquest tunisia invited turkish liberate spanish invaders left dynasty interpretation red flag spread light muslim world white peace disk nation sun crescent pointed star represent unity muslims pillars islam respectively according author encyclopedia flags coats arms white disk located center flag represents sun red crescent pointed star ancient symbols islam notably ottoman flag appeared flags islamic countries crescent viewpoint arabic observer supposed bring good luck color red symbol resistance turkish supremacy whitney smith states crescent standards buildings state located present day tunisia appearing ottoman flag widely adopted muslim countries known symbols islam fact cultural symbols likewise sun represented crescent ancient artifacts associated ancient religion especially symbol protocol flag visible public military buildings flag seats ambassadors regional international meetings buildings housing representatives world deployed national honors strictly ceremonial manner listed flag days flag flown public buildings compulsory law article code tunisia insult publicly words writings gestures manner flag foreign flags year imprisonment variants colors flag included symbols coat arms contains crescent star enclosed disk red border addition equipment belonging army visually recognized presence political parties tunisia reflect colors flag flag postal stamps reflect motifs flag


coat arms albany new_york coat arms albany new_york symbol representing city albany capital state new_york coat arms rarely seen city seal city flag current coat arms adopted prior significantly simpler ranging stylized lettering caricature beaver included coat arms references albany agricultural fur trading past supported white man american indian sloop coat arms meant represent symbols industry rewards man beast land sea history albany began dutch fur trading post fort orange fort grew village english beaver district incorporated english sacked new renamed albany honor duke york duke albany later james england city incorporated provincial governor thomas charter empowered seal said mayor city albany successor shall forever common seal serve sealing singular affairs business touching concerning said corporation shall said mayor said city albany successors shall cause break change alter new said common seal shall convenient known use seal deed city albany sold auction signed albany mayor document sealed red wax design letters center topped crown figure document found seal seen document found letters presumed city meaning crown unknown noted hardly crown shape like head attire nobility prior seal beaver center letters seal replaced removed replaced albany beaver year resolved ordered board old seal corporation hands mayor changed altered new seal place new seal produced board approved ordered lodged hands present clerk office use corporation present new seal henceforth seal called deemed common seal corporation altered changed seal void dead law purposes whatsoever seal shown figure beaver honored albany past important fur trading port adding history seal historian states seal displays beaver looking original like drowned cat fat animal intended represent resolution records state change original seal figure reinstated use mayor licensing businesses point city seals corporate public earlier seal seen beaver continued sole city seal current seal adopted shows albany city surveyor included arms map city updated map includes arms versions include landscape upper portion shield including multiple trees opposed beaver tree current version documented reasoning changing seal beaver coat arms coat arms record authority making way official description current coat arms consists numerous traditional attributes shield party split horizontally red lower half silver upper half lower half contains golden wheat red background design represents albany agricultural past upper half silver background depicts beaver fallen tree scene represents fur trade vital development albany supporter seen shield man left european descended farmer dressed simple clothes supporting shield left hand right hand rests hip hangs waist references albany agricultural society man right american indian dressed cloth wearing supports shield right hand holds bow left shoulder men supporting shield represent cooperation white immigrants indians early development city existed indian fur trade men stand displaying motto meaning quality acting constant careful attention following pattern shield crest sloop sail facing left denoting albany supremacy head sloop navigation hudson_river coat arms represents symbols industry rewards man beast land sea time albany believed new_york_city albany possessed arms charged shield upheld supporters uses albany coat arms best known use city seal flag seal incorporates coat arms outlined white circle letters seal city albany flag horizontal orange white blue adopted celebration henry hudson discovery hudson_river based prince flag flown dutch east india company hudson sailed flag included company logo albany coat arms located today like albany flag prince flag orange white blue orange derived coat arms prince orange william silent orange stripe replaced red dutch flag remains particular reason cited albany chose use historic flag base flag surrounded controversy albany common council voted change colors red white blue patriotism world war change vetoed mayor joseph stevens life size sculpture coat arms created artist times union political cartoonist took liberty design adding farm tools emphasize city agricultural trading history adding previously detail left supporter takes look explorer henry hudson farmer statue commissioned bank president peter park broadway newly renovated union station headquarters buyer bank america moved employees building statue stands park broadway


arms canada arms canada french canada known royal coat arms canada formally arms majesty queen right canada french chef canada official coat arms canadian monarch canada closely modelled royal coat arms united_kingdom french distinctive canadian elements replacing added derived british version maple leaves shield proper originally drawn green red order canada added arms limited use shield design forms monarch royal standard found canadian red ensign flag governor general canada shield union flag uses crest arms blue field history prior confederation royal arms united_kingdom served canada symbol royal authority arms granted colonies british north_america apart 17th century grants nova_scotia newfoundland year confederation arms granted royal warrant ontario quebec nova_scotia nova_scotia granted arms forgotten took historic arms granted 17th century reinstated new_brunswick royal warrant queen_victoria authorized arms provinces use great seal canada great seal reference facto arms canada form canada represented red ensign carried canadian troops ridge shield arms time provinces territories joined canada arms new members confederation emerged popular canadian governmental usage eventually resulted shield arrangement approved monarch shield considered complex national symbol push begun design new coat arms canada committee formed pursue issue eventually agreeing elements new arms reference royal arms england ireland scotland france maple leaves representing canada time consensus leaves decision settled committee conferred college arms london face resistance use royal arms king arms including personal intervention winston_churchill new arms canada eventually formally requested order council april adopted november year proclamation king george arms dominion canada new layout closely reflected arms united_kingdom addition maple leaves base reference french royal arms fourth quarter proclamation established red white national colours canada passage statute westminster canada fully sovereign united_kingdom effect canadian coat arms granted arms particular uses colony status royal arms king right country general purposes country replaced british coat arms previously arms general purpose british_empire court rooms government buildings represent ruling monarch change seen great seal canada george royal arms canada replaced british arms evident great seal canada elizabeth_ii title queen canada coat arms queen canada arms red leaves change royal crown tudor design resembling edward crown preferred queen elizabeth_ii mark canadian constitution finally ended british authority canada university student named bruce proposed secretary state motto order canada placed shield order bring royal arms line royal arms displayed canada french scottish english countries highest national order honour appears shield arms british arms displayed order scottish royal arms order royalist arms french regime order holy spirit order saint michael unsuccessful attempt continued campaign joined number amateur professional journalist parliamentary press gallery ottawa late 1980s early 90s strategically recast change worth commemorate 25th anniversary order canada idea endorsed advisory committee order canada took queen approve new design general use canadian authority began allow limited use beginning arms represent majesty personally letters patent granting new arms distinguished canadians letters patent carried shield royal arms shield bearing motto order canada soon royal approval forthcoming achievement redesigned use federal government federal identity program present design arms canada drawn herald canadian authority june member parliament pat martin introduced motion house_of_commons calling government amend coat arms incorporate symbols representing canada nations peoples evolution use arms canada arms sovereign national sovereignty ownership mark authority government agencies representatives including prime minister cabinet courts including supreme_court canadian armed forces royal canadian mounted police present pre denominations canadian fact way arms printed bill security feature coin cover canadian banner arms variant queen formed royal standard canada use sovereign capacity monarch canada canadian armed forces royal canadian mounted police senior non commissioned ranks wear version coat arms badge rank representing fact received queen warrant opposed queen commission officers revised arms canada protected official government symbols represent state federal identity program achievement coat arms canadian government occasion plain red flag country centennial celebrations flag achievement military ceremonies canadian armed forces tattoo performances personal flag governor general featured crest royal arms canada blue background response new campaign bruce canadian parliament distinct symbols lines variations lords british parliament proposal supported speakers house_of_commons john gilbert parent committee eventually struck following motion lee robert chief herald canada called expert witnesses senator joined committee behalf senate speaker peter asked canadian authority authorize symbol february governor general authorized house_of_commons begin badge shield royal arms superimposed ceremonial assigned house_of_commons symbol royal authority operates following example senate requested obtained april similar badge shield royal arms assigned senate canada coat arms second divisions containing quarterly coat following 1st lions pale 2nd lion rampant double counter 3rd 4th division maple leaves stem proper royal helmet doubled crest colours lion crowned proper holding maple leaf supporters lion rampant holding lance point flying union flag sinister armed composed crosses chain holding like lance flying sinister banner charged imperial crown proper shield composed roses inscribed motto mare order canada added shield limited use general use symbolism legal royal arms personal sovereign consent coat arms designed revised protected trade marks act copyright act reproduced authorization marks designs similar official symbols pursued copyright trade mark infringement trade marks act states person shall adopt connection business trade mark mark consisting nearly resembling likely mistaken arms crest flag adopted time canada addition crown copyright permission required work revised adapted translated regardless purpose reproduction personal public non commercial distribution


coat arms coat arms spanish official symbol representing city capital chilean province consists party cross referencing importance tourism agricultural origins coat arms representation past present fused worn cardinal chilean roman_catholic_church born village san_antonio september municipality council communal development public create coat arms similar province design eventually adopted local government december administration mayor original date inscribed coat arms december prompted criticism local historians pointed incorrect suggested commemorate municipal meeting grant title january example origin earlier years municipal administration mayor municipality use drawing resembling sun official logo seal official documents september local government council communal development public create coat arms purpose counting symbolic expression distinctive features area people adding seeking coat arms similar identical province participants send designs wanted far included date creation december authors add motto inscription coat arms wanted article local newspaper stated new coat arms chosen jury composed mayor director municipal works members representative culture department regional education ministry artist teacher eventual winner earn prize diploma past deadline set october jury month decision winning design coat arms announced december created region described edition month fan regular city told newspaper took knowledge public local government reading previous edition requested municipality details holiday sent design lot faith time student graphic design university design adopted decree mayor december official coat arms public ceremony description shield divided party cross divided equal parts quarter remaining according descriptions designer coat arms december edition forest sea quarter yellow background portrays area potential boards quarter like remaining quarters sky blue background depicts tourism water sports exceptional conditions practice sea quarter represents men work sea symbolic manner fourth quarter represents local agriculture country spur written upper coat arms date creation located lower originally incorrectly inscribed crest according designer symbolically represents past future worn chilean cardinal catholic_church born village san_antonio mayor described colors creation beginning yellow represents sun light warmth welcoming place sun stays spend beautiful moments green color tones represent forest economic potential area promising future described blue color tones coat arms speaking sea coast sea present moment stay sea promises future red color represent tourism colors happiness sport described use greenish gray touch distinction possibly inappropriate date concerns raised pen don date celebrate anniversary commemorated creation december date coat arms pointed act foundation record date area date january specified title given spanish juan correct date commemorate anniversary current territory later march article condemned use incorrect date coat arms stating chilean created december december appeared coat arms historian wrote possesses events valid rightful dates overall went suggest appropriate dates coat arms anniversary including grant title date purchase current territory central daniel date purchase farm san_antonio ross edwards september given san_antonio given francisco date municipal meeting september local journalist historian said declining september award award given municipality nomination gone municipality tell committed error wrong date official coat arms spoken heard