pronunciation june june spanish architect best known works reflect distinctive style located barcelona including work influenced life architecture nature religion considered detail creations integrated architecture crafts stained glass wrought introduced new techniques treatment materials waste pieces influence neo gothic art oriental techniques movement reaching peak late 19th early 20th centuries work mainstream culminating organic style inspired natural forms rarely drew detailed plans works instead preferring create dimensional scale models details conceived work enjoys global popularity continuing admiration study architects masterpiece incomplete visited monument spain seven works declared world heritage sites roman catholic faith intensified life religious images appear works earned nickname god architect led calls biography birth childhood studies born youngest children survived adulthood family originated region southern france ancestors joan moved 17th century possible origins family include exact birthplace unknown supporting documents found leading controversy born neighbouring municipalities camp district identification documents student professional years gave birthplace stated occasions born paternal family village baptised church day birth deep appreciation native land great pride mediterranean heritage believed mediterranean people endowed creativity originality innate sense art design reportedly described distinction stating image fantasy comes ghosts fantasy people north concrete image comes mediterranean knows way hamlet torn apart doubts time spent outdoors particularly summer stays family home afforded opportunity study nature enjoyment natural world led join centre age organisation arranged expeditions explore southern france riding horseback walking kilometres day young suffered poor health including contributed reserved character health concerns theories contributed decision adopt early life religious faith strict led undertake lengthy severe occasionally led life threatening illness attended nursery school run son called later main assistants enrolled school displayed artistic talents drawings called time worked apprentice textile mill moved barcelona study teaching convent del adolescent years interested socialism fellow students planned restoration monastery transformed completed compulsory military service infantry regiment barcelona military administrator service spent sick leave enabling continue studies poor health kept having fight war lasted mother died age year old brother graduated physician time studied architecture school barcelona higher school architecture graduating finance studies worked architects joan francisco del addition architecture classes studied french history economics philosophy aesthetics grades average occasionally failed courses handing degree director barcelona architecture school said given academic title fool genius time receiving degree reportedly told friend sculptor sense humour saying architect adulthood professional work projects designed barcelona unfinished workers cooperative building gained wider recognition important commission subsequently received significant proposals paris world fair displayed showcase produced glove manufacturer functional aesthetic design impressed industrialist commissioned outstanding work wine palace park park church friend father law count designed charge recently initiated project build barcelona cathedral called temple church holy family completely changed initial design distinctive style death devoted entirely project given number commissions began receiving rely team work multiple projects simultaneously team consisted professionals fields construction architects worked prominent field later maria joan moved rural escape cholera epidemic barcelona lived house designed dinner table sign gratitude world fair era major events barcelona represented key point history movement leading architects displayed best works including showcased building designed company consequently received commission cent barcelona city_council project ultimately carried early 1890s received commissions outside episcopal palace works contributed growing renown spain travelled examine site project catholic missions 2nd requested design joined saint luke artistic circle catholic artistic society founded bishop brothers joan joined mare spiritual league lady catholic organisation conservative religious character political thought closely linked defence cultural identity people beginning century working numerous projects simultaneously reflected shift personal style inspired nature received award best building year barcelona city_council decade century dedicated projects like house better known park unsuccessful project restoration cathedral visited times constructed house house works result increasing fame painter joan chose features represent saint philip paintings aisle church barcelona joan son friend physician unsuccessfully founded wrought iron manufacturing company year moving barcelona frequently changed address student lived residences generally area gothic quarter started career moved rented flats area finally settled house park owned constructed assistant showcase property estate transformed museum lived father died age niece died age lived house months death began residing inside workshop event profound impact personality tragic week remained house park turbulent period atmosphere attacks churches caused worry safety building escaped damage exhibition grand paris devoted work annual salon des arts fine arts society france participated invitation count displaying series pictures plans plaster scale models works participated received good reviews french press large exposition seen following year took place municipal exhibition hall madrid paris exposition spent holiday designed wrought iron major honor centenary following year resided suffering tuberculosis time conceived idea facade passion ill health prepared office june later completely recovered decade hard decade architect experienced deaths niece main collaborator severe economic crisis work death friend bishop disruption work death friend patron devoted entirely taking refuge work confessed collaborators good friends dead family clients fortune entirely church dedicated years life entirely cathedral poor commonly known took order continue apart dedication cause participated activities majority related catholic faith participated course chant taught monk personal life devoted life entirely profession remaining single known attracted woman teacher cooperative took refuge profound spiritual peace catholic faith offered depicted unpleasant man reactions arrogant gestures close described friendly pleasant talk faithful friends patrons bishop stand writers joan physician faithful collaborators personal appearance features blond hair blue eyes changed radically course time young man dressed like costly suits sporting hair beard taste making frequent visits theatre opera visiting project sites horse carriage older ate dressed old worn suits neglected appearance extent taken accident caused death left hardly written documents apart technical reports works required official authorities letters friends particularly joan journal articles quotes collected assistants disciples preserved joan written document left known manuscript kind student diary collected diverse impressions architecture putting forward ideas subject included analysis christian church ancestral home text ornamentation comments design desk favour culture reluctant politically active campaign autonomy politicians suggested run deputy refused beaten police riot floral games celebrations september national day beaten demonstration banning language dictatorship rivera arrested civil guard resulting short stay prison freed paying bail death june taking daily walk church prayer confession walking les streets struck passing lost consciousness assumed lack identity documents clothing unconscious receive immediate aid eventually police officer transported taxi santa hospital received rudimentary care time chaplain recognised following day condition deteriorated severely benefit additional treatment died june age buried days later large crowd gathered bid farewell chapel lady mount bears inscription pie die age man life extraordinary author work church died barcelona tenth day june ashes great man await resurrection dead rest peace style professional life distinctive ceased investigate mechanical building structures early inspired oriental arts india persia japan study architectural walter john william morris influence oriental movement seen works like palace later adhered neo gothic movement fashion time following ideas french architect influence reflected college episcopal palace house eventually embarked personal phase organic style inspired nature build major works time student able study collection photographs egyptian indian persian chinese japanese art owned school architecture collection included monuments spain left deep mark served inspiration works studied book plans elevations sections details owen jones borrowed school library took structural ornamental solutions art variations stylistic freedom works notably observed islamic art spatial uncertainty concept structures space feeling sequence fragmented holes create divide disrupting feeling open space barriers undoubtedly style influenced gothic revival promoted half 19th century theoretical works french architect called studying styles past adapting rational manner taking account structure design nonetheless gothic style imperfect despite effectiveness structural solutions art perfected words gothic art imperfect half resolved style created formulaic industrial repetition stability depends constant buttresses body held proof gothic works produce greatest emotional effect mutilated covered ivy lit moon initial influences moved earlier stages inspired historic architecture practitioners saw return past response industrial forms imposed industrial revolution technological advances use older styles represented moral regeneration allowed identify values regarded cultural roots rebirth revival culture began second half 19th century brought gothic forms national style aimed combine nationalism time integrating european movement essential features language inherited tendency determined connection architecture applied arts artistic work produced overtly ornamental style use new materials emerged mixed language rich contrasts sought plastic effect strong sense optimism faith progress produced art reflected atmosphere prosperity time quest new architectural language usually considered great master works style classification imaginative works find main inspiration nature studied organic geometric forms nature thoroughly searching way expression forms architecture greatest inspirations came visits mountain caves caves mountains mountain north del forms study nature translated use ruled forms cone reflect forms found nature ruled surfaces forms generated straight line known moves lines known found abundant examples nature instance rushes bones better structure trunk tree human skeleton forms time functional aesthetic discovered adapt language nature structural forms architecture form movement light concerning ruled surfaces said constantly varying light rich ornamentation modelling unnecessary element widely arch studied geometry thoroughly young studying numerous articles engineering field praised virtues curve mechanical element time construction suspension bridges use element common architecture arches works like college allowed add element great strength structures given weight regularly carries evenly affected self forces evolved plane spatial geometry ruled geometry forms highly suited use cheap materials brick frequently brick laid mortar successive layers traditional vault brick laid flat instead quest new structural solutions culminated exploited research experience masterpiece conceived interior church forest set tree like columns divided branches support structure inclined columns better resist perpendicular pressure section gave double turn shape right turn left turn branches trees created structure known space divides small independent self supporting creates structure perfectly supports mechanical traction forces need buttresses required neo gothic style achieved rational structured perfectly logical solution creating time new architectural style original simple practical aesthetic surpassing gothic new technique allowed achieve greatest architectural goal perfect gothic style centre gothic allows hole space let natural light intersection gothic ribs allows holes employed impression sky complemented organic vision architecture unique spatial vision allowed conceive designs dimensions unlike flat design traditional architecture acquired spatial sense boy looking drawings father boilers produced spatial conception preferred work casts scale models site work progressed reluctant draw plans rare occasions sketch works fact required authorities innovations technical realm use scale model structures church built scale model height metres shed building set model strings small bags hanging drawing board attached ceiling drew floor church hung strings weight supporting points building columns intersection walls weights produced curve arches point took picture inverted showed structure columns arches looking painted photographs outline church defined recorded single detail building architectural stylistic decorative position history architecture creative genius inspired nature developed style attained technical perfection aesthetic value bore mark character structural innovations extent result journey styles baroque gothic main inspiration said styles culminated work perfected passed generation connecting architectural movements 20th century derived school represented evolution initiated given later reflected disdain initial lack work architect factors led initial neglect architect work despite having numerous assistants created school taught leave written documents subordinates adopted innovations maria like graduated leaving master trail despite degree influence architects formed movement departed direct contact maria cemetery nonetheless left deep mark 20th century architecture masters like declared works architects like pier oscar inspired forms construction munich olympic stadium japan work bears evidence influence seen memorial japan nagasaki japanese national architecture award use famous stands design student days attended craft workshops taught joan learned basic aspects techniques relating architecture including sculpture wrought stained glass plaster modelling etc absorbed new technological developments integrating technique use iron reinforced concrete construction took broad view architecture design single detail arrangement knowledge allowed design architectural projects including elements works illumination wrought realm new technical decorative solutions materials example way designing waste pieces original imaginative combinations restoration cathedral invented new technique produce stained glass consisted glass primary colours neutral varying thickness glass order graduate light intensity personally designed sculptures thoroughly study anatomy figure concentrating gestures purpose studied human skeleton wire test appropriate posture figure second step photographed models mirror system provided multiple perspectives plaster casts figures people animals occasion stand modified proportions casts obtain figure desired appearance depending place church higher bigger eventually sculpted figures stone urban spaces landscaping practiced landscaping urban settings aimed place works appropriate natural architectural surroundings studying location constructions thoroughly trying naturally integrate surroundings purpose material common nearby environment slate grey granite episcopal palace projects gardens park gardens incorporated gardens approach landscaping exemplified mystery glory architectural framework nature rock nature group sculptures adorned path holy cave interiors equally stood interior buildings personally smallest details case knew apply stylistic decoration according owner taste predominant style arrangement place surroundings urban natural secular religious works related design desk office beginning career designed palace designed houses palace tower noteworthy studied order adapt human anatomy exhibited museum aspect intelligent distribution space aim creating comfortable intimate interior atmosphere purpose divide space sections adapted specific use means low walls dropped ceilings sliding doors wall apart taking care detail structural ornamental elements sure constructions good lighting ventilation purpose studied project orientation respect cardinal points local climate place surroundings time increasing demand domestic comfort water gas use electric light incorporated example carried thorough studies illumination order regard light stated light maximum harmony resides objects way horizontal vertical considered medium light offers perfect vision objects exquisite mediterranean light lighting served organisation space required careful study gradient light intensity adequately adapt specific environment achieved different elements windows notable case colour achieve uniform distribution light interior tended build south facing houses sunlight works work normally classed belongs movement breaking tradition quest ornamental sense applied works character plays central role adds dose baroque adopts technical advances continues use traditional architectural language inspiration nature original touch works gives works personal unique character history architecture difficult establish guidelines illustrate evolution style moved initially approach completely movement arose vigorously 19th century finally attaining personal organic style process consist clearly defined stages obvious boundaries stage reflections earlier ones gradually surpassed best descriptions work disciple biographer joan according plastic structural criteria establishes periods productions preliminary period art emulated gothic naturalist organic synthesis early works works student days time graduation stand precision details use geometry prevalence mechanical considerations structural calculations university years studies designed projects following stand cemetery gate spanish pavilion philadelphia world fair building courtyard barcelona monumental fountain barcelona university assembly hall started professional career university pay studies worked outstanding barcelona architects time joan francisco del long standing relationship family known time despite having architecture degree received commission city_council development carried project charge design park entrance gate water project monumental fountain designed artificial cave showed liking nature organic touch architecture worked francisco del monastery designing niche image black virgin later substitute works worked line project villa eventually collaborated joan jesuit church convent joan church carried project competition new facade barcelona cathedral accepted relationship considered main influential masters brought unexpected luck later recommended early post graduation projects graduation architect work set project cooperative important work received request city_council barcelona february graduated received degree sent madrid march year commission designed types arms installed installed del opposite civil government inaugurated festivities cast iron marble base decoration mercury prominent symbol commerce emblem barcelona project carried commission consisted spread barcelona included public flower stand glass panels advertisements clock calendar conceived structure iron pillars marble glass crowned large iron glass roof gas illumination system workers cooperative big project worked project cooperative head office comprised factory worker housing estate social centre services building factory services building completed factory roof arch time bolt assembly system devised tile decoration time services building laid site taking account solar orientation signature works included areas designed cooperative banner figure bee symbol designed display cabinet glove factory exhibited spanish pavilion paris world exhibition year work attracted attention entrepreneur visiting french capital impressed wanted meet return beginning long friendship professional collaboration main patron sponsor large projects projects task year design furniture chapel constructed joan teacher request father law designed chair bench prayer chair velvet finished eagles coat arms bench stands motif dragon designed prayer decorated plants drew plans theatre town district barcelona construction theatre longer exists following year designed furniture counter arab influence year drawings procession honour poet celebrated 17th century writer friend parish priest project centred poet aspects agricultural work harvesting result problems ideas carried drew proposal decoration church belonging del created altar gothic style byzantine influence lighting school furniture church caught fire tragic week remain probably work italian given task church created altar white italian marble columns bearing figures angels wood work decorated angels symbols dove holy ghost choir stalls destroyed designed electric lighting project barcelona carried consisted large iron decorated plant motifs shields names battles year participated competition construction san social centre town hall won los submitted project earlier studies fountain courtyard provincial council collaboration new task visit town designed small pavilion shape hindu covered decorated abundance small bells constantly subsequently moved designed monastery church dedicated holy spirit teacher joan neo gothic design similar convent planned ultimately carried project plans destroyed looting year tasked constructing hunting lodge wine country residence known property baron ultimately wine lodge built years later collaborated projects church jesuit school convent joan neo gothic project altar centre crossing facade project barcelona cathedral competition convened cathedral chapter ultimately won august font collaboration determining factor recommendation church idea maria founder saint joseph association acquired complete block barcelona district project originally entrusted francisco del planned construction neo gothic church work began following year resigned disagreements construction board task went completely redesigned project apart built devoted rest life construction church synthesis architectural discoveries period years completed series works distinctly oriental flavour inspired art middle far_east india persia japan islamic hispanic art mainly tile decoration arches columns exposed brick shape constructed commissioned constructed floors sides extensive garden including monumental brick fountain house surrounded wall iron gates decorated leaves work walls house stone alternated lines tile imitate yellow flowers typical area house topped chimneys turrets interior wooden roof beams stand adorned floral themes walls decorated vegetable motifs paintings finally floor consists roman style original rooms smoking room notable ceiling decorated work reminiscent year designed sacramento chapel parish church san plans country residence received commission build small annex baron town known commissioned constructed fellow student directed construction oriental style elongated shape levels cylindrical tower shape persian faced completely entrance set columns supporting depressed arches capitals decorated birds leaves similar seen notable main lounge large window smoking room ceiling consisting false arab style vault carried second commission outskirts barcelona country residence les consisting adjacent properties known architect joan built caribbean style mansion demolished way royal palace undertook house construct wall porter lodge completed stone wall entrances main entrance iron gate shape dragon myths hercules garden buildings consist stable covered ring porter lodge stable rectangular base arches ring square base dome porter lodge consists small buildings central dome smaller cubic topped shape chimneys faced walls exposed brick shades reds certain sections cement blocks headquarters real university accepted commission maria altar family obtained permission pope altar home altar slab white marble centre relics decorated plants religious motifs greek letters alpha symbol beginning end gospel phrases images saint francis saint holy family closed curtain crimson cabinet maker collaborated shortly received important new commission construction family house barcelona continues tradition large urban designed monumental entrance magnificent arch iron gates decorated coat arms helmet winged dragon work joan notable feature triple height entrance hall core building surrounded main rooms palace remarkable double dome conical outside solution typical byzantine art gallery street facade original system arches columns capitals style designed interior palace style decoration wood iron ceilings stand chimneys roof remarkable feature faced coloured tiles tall form tower external termination dome faced tiles topped iron weather occasion world expo held barcelona constructed pavilion property maritime section event created style arches decoration building survived opened wake event received commission barcelona council restore cent grand stairs barcelona city hall chair queen maria chair mayor presented queen neo gothic period period inspired gothic art wanted improve structural solutions neo gothic successful styles time result theoretical studies studied examples islands depth buildings stays convinced imperfect style leaving major structural issues partly resolved works eliminated need buttresses use ruled surfaces abolished excessive example college col les barcelona commissioned san fulfilled wish order building keeping vows poverty designed simple building bricks exterior brick elements interior wrought favourite materials appeared building crowned row suggest castle possible reference saint interior castle corners brick topped columns armed cross typical works shields bearing symbols order interior includes corridor famous series arches contains elegant arches decorative support ceiling floor arch ideal element capable supporting great loads slender masonry received commission clergyman friend native appointed bishop joan asked design new episcopal palace city previous building caught fire constructed neo gothic style cylindrical towers surrounded moat stone built grey granite area harmony surroundings particularly cathedral immediate vicinity natural landscape late 19th century visible today porch large arches built separated sloping buttresses structure supported columns decorated capitals pointed arches topped style resigned project death bishop disagreements chapter finished currently houses museum way saint james passes projects outside los commissioned textile merchants recommended business project impressive neo gothic style building bears imprint building accommodate offices textile shops lower floors apartments upper floors constructed walls solid limestone building flanked cylindrical turrets slate surrounded area iron gothic facade style arches clock sculpture saint george dragon work headquarters commissioned second catholic missions city morocco time spanish colony project included church hospital school conceived ground plan floor structure arches towers windows deeply regretted project eventual demise keeping design spite project influenced works particular design towers shape like missions designed chapel family abbey little known work built year construction finally began project hunting lodge property constructed direction aide triangular end facade steep stone roof group chimneys bridges join older building floors garage apartment chapel arches altar centre completed porter lodge notable iron gate shape fishing net township district barcelona widow commissioned summer palace king martin humane designed neo gothic style building possible tried integrate architecture natural surroundings influenced choice local slate construction building ground plan measures meters corners oriented cardinal points constructed stone brick taller wide topped armed cross flag royal crown house basement ground floor floor attic roof naturalist period period perfected personal style inspired organic shapes nature putting series new structural solutions originating deep analysis ruled geometry added great creative freedom imaginative ornamental style works acquired great structural shapes volumes devoid rational classic premise commissioned company built barcelona facade built stone adorned wrought iron topped wrought iron crosses notable feature facade gallery main floor decorated plant mythological motifs project baroque style visible use columns decoration floral themes design roof won award best building year barcelona city_council virtually unknown work commissioned painter collaborated occasion ground floor apartments walls cast iron lack decoration original structural solutions authorship unknown architect signed plans discovered renovated house work equally low importance friend accompanied stay recommended manual work designed banners brass leather silk ornamental motifs based san music staff inscription lady mercy pilgrimage residents barcelona image virgin appeared work rose flag year shrine lady mercy outlined project renovation church main facade ultimately undertaken board considered expensive took rejection badly leaving bitterness possibly source subsequent claim place birth worked commissioned industrialist designed wall near gateway masonry iron gate topped armed cross subsequently house designed associate architect main new project beginning 20th century park commissioned intended residential estate style english garden city project unsuccessful plots site divided sold despite park entrances service areas built displaying genius putting practice innovative structural solutions park situated barcelona district rugged area steep slopes negotiated system integrated terrain main entrance park building intended porter lodge office site surrounded stone wall entrance buildings example height powers form passing gate steps lead higher levels decorated sculpted notably dragon fountain symbol park recognised steps lead hall residents market constructed large columns chamber large plaza form greek theatre famous bench covered broken work maria park home work residence currently houses period contributed group project located way holy cave series groups sculptures evoked mysteries virgin tells project involved best architects era curious example designed mystery glory represents holy series include statue christ risen work sculpted monumental project designed carried included summit mountain peaks viewpoint shape royal crown incorporating metres high coat arms wall decorated house daughter situated house built renovated destroyed bomb civil war following year took decoration bar property located designed ornamentation establishment arabian style cardboard tiles longer exist project great interest restoration cathedral santa maria commissioned city bishop planned series works including removing baroque revealing bishop throne moving choir stalls centre nave placing clearing way chapel holy trinity placing new fitting cathedral electrical lighting gothic windows royal chapel filling stained glass placing large canopy main altar completing decoration paintings coordinated joan assistant maria painters involved abandoned project disagreements cathedral chapter largest striking works commissioned existing building erected focused facade main floor roof built fifth floor staff project assisted aides joan facade sandstone cut create ruled surfaces columns bone shaped vegetable decoration kept rectangular shape old building iron shape masks giving rest facade ascending form faced facade fragments colours obtained waste material glass works interior courtyard supported iron structure shape double rests series chimneys notable feature roof topped conical caps covered clear glass centre clear glass balls filled sand different colours facade covered layers brick faced tiles form scales shades yellow green blue resemble dragon left cylindrical turret jesus mary joseph armed cross commissioned painter designed decoration cinemas barcelona theatre imitated cave inspired del dragon caves designed detached house district barcelona foundations main gate built openings people vehicles birds building structure similar porter lodge park year built workshop taller worked works houses park located simple stone building time designed hydraulic floor tiles eventually instead green colour decorated shells tiles subsequently chosen barcelona built cement factory owned simple structure original shape pointed arch semi circular flights stairs leading floors building fell ruin cement works closed eventually restored appearance radically altered ingenious original staircase replaced simpler metal area created gardens area called font commissioned textile merchant joan men worked park involved project similar famous park barcelona designed bridge river flowed directly works asked bridge divide designed interesting structure composed support bridge framework following style park built cement length metres height metres covered tiles inscription dedicated santa project approved town council year apparently took construction del collaboration disciple project authorship clear extent contributed style building evokes early work entrance gate shape fishing net currently installed park building demolished designed new banner time guild corpus procession barcelona cathedral dark green colour barcelona coat arms upper left corner image saint patron guild typical tools trade banner burned july major projects admired works better known commissioned camps designed house large curved structure stone brick cast iron columns steel beams facade built limestone del apart upper level covered white tiles snowy mountain total floors plus entirely arches large interior circular oval notable features roof topped armed cross chimneys covered shapes suggest helmets interior decoration carried maria painters facade completed stone metal glass sculpture lady accompanied michael height sketch sculptor events tragic week project abandoned mark seventh centenary birth king james designed monument memory situated del meant renovation adjacent buildings new roof cathedral completion towers placement buttresses chapel santa dedicated blessed virgin mary figure angel chapel tower finally opening large square walls grand project executed city_council disliked devised project skyscraper hotel new_york hotel attraction commissioned american names unknown metres high taller empire state building taller central section topped star flanked volumes containing museums art galleries concert halls shapes similar inside large rooms dedicated continent final project great patron church industrial village santa project began factory service buildings housing workers constructed colony church designed stone laid october unfortunately known today built sons abandoned project death designed oval church central aisle conceived fully integrated nature porch time structure notably use history architecture large stained glass windows stand shapes flower butterfly wings inside circular brick pillars alternate columns final period years career dedicated exclusively reached culmination style creating synthesis solutions styles tried achieved perfect harmony structural ornamental elements plastic aesthetic function form container content achieving integration arts structured logical work example final stage seen simple ingenious building schools small school workers children built rectangular ground plan metres contained classrooms chapel built exposed brick overlapping layers following traditional method walls roof shape giving structure sense strength schools set example genius served source inspiration architects simplicity strength originality functionality geometric excellence paid short visit tasked design city major commemoration centenary birth shaped lamps rock bases wrought iron arms topped armed cross decorated vegetable themes included birth death dates demolished poor maintenance year occasion obtaining title count designed coat arms patron devised shield lower shape typical divided parts features dove gear wheel right allusion santa dove phrase pastor yesterday shepherd left owl half moon symbol wisdom words today lord shield helmet count dove symbol holy spirit built church santa maria pulpit gospel base decorated dove holy spirit names latin seven gifts holy spirit pulpit names wrote saint peter saint paul saint john saint saint james great theological virtues flames burned july devoted exclusively synthesis architectural evolution completion gothic style rest church conceived organic style imitating natural shapes abundance ruled surfaces intended interior resemble forest inclined columns like branching trees form creating simple structure applied previous experimental findings project works park creating church structurally perfect aesthetically satisfying plan nave seven dedicated birth passion glory jesus completed eighteen towers making total dedicated virgin plus central tower honour jesus reach metres height church adjacent large assumption baptism west end surrounded designed building exterior highly symbolic content architecture sculpture church religious theme life facade completed death assistant took construction directed architects assumed responsibility continued artists joan maria creator passion facade worked decoration completion expected minor late projects years life apart devotion participated minor projects completed death friend bishop designed monument honour wanted place passion facade sketch project ultimately carried plaster bust bishop work joan instruction formed church destroyed commemorative monument project carried dedicated situated birthplace politician project dates consisted tall tower topped iron structure flying flag sketch project assistant commissioned construct church dedicated assumption chilean city apologised said occupied exclusively sent sketches assumption chapel designed coincided asked unfortunately project carried currently plans chilean architect christian project president chile announced building begin expected completion cost million completed works constructed americas year consulted construction monumental train station barcelona future suggested iron structure form large suspended solution ahead time reason head engineers declined offer known projects architect chapel pulpit exact location unknown worked exclusively death collaborators enormous task faced terms number works terms complexity required collaboration large number assistants artists architects led way allowed expression individual abilities collaborators test expertise field communication demonstrated bringing large number diverse professionals creating integrated team collaborators architects maria joan joan joan joan painters builders font nephew carpenter joan joan joan cabinet maker cabinet maker mario mosaic artist son legacy death works suffered period neglect largely unpopular international critics regarded baroque excessively imaginative homeland equally new movement took place spanish civil war workshop great number documents plans scale models destroyed reputation beginning recover 1950s work championed architect centenary year architect birth friends association founded aim legacy years later retrospective organised del barcelona chair university created purpose deepening study works participating conservation events followed international exhibition held museum modern art new_york_city 50th anniversary death spanish ministry foreign affairs organised exhibition works toured globe research writings international critics like george collins spread renewed awareness work homeland admired promoted juan work gained widespread international appreciation japan notable studies published international recognition contributions field architecture design culminated listing key works world heritage sites style subsequently influenced contemporary architects norman foster profoundly religious lifestyle archbishop barcelona maria proposed approved vatican american composer christopher wrote guitar concert inspired work went win grammy award best classical contemporary composition occasion anniversary birth number official ceremonies concerts shows conferences held books published september year musical premiere barcelona authors piece albert awards launched honour organised film academy award best films year named world heritage works granted world heritage status park facade barcelona santa declaration works world heritage aims recognise outstanding universal value according citation work represents exceptional outstanding creative contribution development architecture building technology late 19th early 20th centuries work exhibits important interchange values closely associated cultural artistic currents time represented sic anticipated influenced forms techniques relevant development modern construction 20th century work represents series outstanding examples building architecture early 20th century residential public development significant creative contribution


hebrew born polish born israeli architect work known emphasis geometry biography born poland grew poland began education architecture university technology immigrated israel studied architecture israel institute technology graduating classmate alfred professor studied painting institute art design beginning career architect served combat engineering corps israel defense forces architectural career military service founded firm alfred physical economic conditions israel time allowed complete fair number works relatively brief period time brought international attention joint works include mediterranean_sea club house officer training school main officer training school israel defense forces later academy bat city hall designs shared aspects common movement borrowing shapes nature use planning morphological structures works house provided architectural precedent habitat project resides berlin involved planning projects german jewish community international projects academic career taught canada united_states israel austria university texas arlington washington university louis iowa state university israel institute technology university applied arts vienna writes work periodically books sir peter cook john projects early projects designed partnership architectural qualities developed later career officer school built respectable living environment soldiers desert special emphasis given large spaces structures order form micro environment separating people inside harsh desert outskirts raw concrete chosen require constant maintenance renovation light strong sandy winds school said location base special relevance vision david ben build important school place isn center country opinion positive state israel academy supplemented later form contrasting oxford dictionary architecture landscape architecture says architect approach design right angles international turned geometry found nature projects partnership bat city hall shows invention exists work architectural significance bat city formal concept inverted pyramid linked works architecture boston city hall form addition program similar materials time period building patterned diagonal grid concrete provides structure aesthetics importance building recognized perspective section illustrations postage stamp architecture israel series bat city hall removed signature light shafts having renovated perceived structural instability time removal ran wrote architectural standpoint removing equivalent statue liberty torch projects memorials designed page memorial site specific memorial commemorates jewish community designed architects largest religious buildings berlin capacity ruined nazis original floor plan benches recreated concrete stood trees planted designers conceived benches sentences pages architectural style architecture continued emphasize geometry increasing rare apartment complex non rectangular components apartments expanded later incorporating cubic components design idea neighborhood purely likened chemical structure plan view open hand qualities examples advanced geometry work spiral apartment house berlin noted high degree complexity won stated decision jury based appreciation expressive geometry construction spiral apartment house located adjacent earlier house providing important moments career work compared expanding architectural ideas later works jewish community center museum jewish community center located park der designed community center shares similar concept page memorial open pages book symbolically moses museum angular plan positioned preservation trees site clad local sandstone found excavations project exhibited venice museum exhibits subject solo exhibition israel museum solo exhibitions museum art 1980s took jewish identity contemporary architecture jewish museum berlin participated venice number occasions


kane pond kane pond september american architect college athlete author born ann michigan pond attended university_of_michigan received degree civil engineering member university_of_michigan football team scored touchdown school history graduating michigan pond moved chicago worked architect began architectural career offices william worked head office construction planned community pond formed chicago architectural firm pond pond partnership brother allen pond pond brothers worked years buildings considered best examples arts crafts architecture chicago ponds gained acclaim architects jane hull house buildings declared national historic landmarks hull house dining hall midway studios frank house pond fellow american institute architects served president american institute architects pond leader chicago arts community late 19th early 20th century founders eagle nest art colony member chicago literary club pond published author fiction poetry essays art architecture frequent contributor architectural journals wrote published book meaning architecture views role architecture broader spectrum arts early years education pond born ann michigan son pond mary allen pond father member michigan state senate warden michigan state prison years president michigan press association editor publisher weekly newspaper ann growing ann pond lived house current site michigan union building later designed door neighbor child noted legal scholar thomas encouraged young pond artist presenting art book commissioning pond draw set cartoons family pond attended public schools ann university_of_michigan pond engineering student university_of_michigan took architecture classes taught chicago architect william years later gained fame designing chicago metal framed home insurance building pond wrote article challenging popular assertion home insurance building steel framed skyscraper attending university_of_michigan pond member michigan football team team played football game college white park chicago chicago_tribune called rugby football game played west pond scored touchdown university_of_michigan history match scored touchdown midway inning according perry history michigan football crowd responded pond plays cheers pond forever pond graduated michigan degree civil engineering architect early career pond moved chicago pursue career architect worked offices teacher william worked head office construction planned community working pond ardent supporter planned community later acknowledged resentment residents town represented form medieval pond earliest works independent architect clients home town ann nearby detroit early designed modest home stone brick south state street victor pond later pointed designs old house future works designed ann ladies library association building west physics building university_of_michigan built destroyed fire renovated detroit opera house increasing seating capacity relocating auditorium main floor pond brother allen pond formed architectural firm chicago pond pond brothers continued operate firm years buildings considered best examples arts crafts architecture chicago hull house settlement house movement pond brothers gained greatest acclaim architects jane hull house father work warden state prison sparked interest social reform settlement house movement allen pond assistant superintendent armour mission educational healthcare center jane came chicago january looking building open new settlement house friends riding carriage saw old story brick house street took lease house named hull house original owner hired ponds old house shape ponds architects hull house project expanded rapidly building designed hull house butler art gallery built butler gallery situated lot hull house consisted reading room exhibition hall word design lighting days studio numerous building projects followed including original coffee house gymnasium children building additions original building jane club new coffee house hull house theater hull house apartments men club woman club hall boys club mary crane nursery pond brothers known residents hull house complex allen deep pond wide pond biographers wrote pond brothers described scene pond attended memorial service jane memorial services hull house court doctor said seek monument look looked round tears eyes pride heart visible memorial jane visible memorial ponds surviving building ponds hull house complex dining hall simple style building designated national historic landmark 1960s ponds designed club houses settlement houses social reform organizations including chicago settlement house building northwestern university settlement house city club chicago building city club building noted gently curving limestone arch ties windows second floor today operated john marshall law school city club building opened considered symbol reform movement new building embodied soaring expectations reform movement providing material middle class social club story dining lecture hall complete balcony private eating chambers accommodated weekly talks social political issues day architect club member pond declared line building illustrated phase movement eagle nest related activities pond leading member chicago arts community late 19th early 20th century pond founders eagle nest art colony near oregon illinois pond including brother allen pond leased plot land steep ridge rocks overlooking rock river pond brothers designed home built colony group spent summers colony painters writers architects spirits artists colony integrated oregon community pond brothers undertook significant architectural projects oregon area oregon public library city oregon built new public library based design pond pond funding andrew ponds design described having pleasing interior exterior white brick gothic architecture unusual features design story art room artists eagle nest displayed works offered instruction local residents soldier monument city commissioned monument included sculpture elaborate marble pond pond residence residence frank governor illinois pond pond design house located miles south oregon farm pond founders cliff club originally known attic club later little room private club chicago professionals engaged fine arts performing arts early years little room group described exclusive organization consisting creative individuals like temperament joined pond served president cliff professional organizations recognition contributions architecture pond fellow american institute architects served president american institute architects represented government international congress architects rome venice delivering addresses founder chicago architectural club served president illinois society architects notable commissions mentioned designed pond pond pond best known buildings include national historic landmark structures located chicago hull house dining hall midway studios alice guide chicago mifflin isbn frank house notable pond designs include house ann american school correspondence building chicago federal building illinois michigan union built site pond home ann memorial union university union east michigan kansas memorial union kansas university park ridge public library michigan league ann apartments chicago kent building chicago toll building chicago architectural style philosophy early pond known earliest architecture art institute chicago pond papers housed said firm pond pond best known work social service organizations designed wide range buildings social religious educational academic residential governmental civic mainly chicago area midwest known detailed distinctive decorative detail producing fine examples arts crafts early modern architecture page article architectural record pond illustrated designs published pond described views architecture art architecture art art consist simply forms old new means expression architecture art art consists expression life architecture art merely new combinations old forms accepted forms phase living architecture old ideas old forms altogether cast aside contain spark life pond article viewed criticism prairie school horizontal vertical regard pond wrote architectural composition music order rhythm rhythm expressed flow mass mass appearance certain proportions exist subordinate masses masses dominant mass parts perfect order architecture rhythmic composition vital architecture highest architecture rhythmic action structural forces apparent vertical forces action law gravity tend work right lines horizontal forces acted law tend work curves rhythmic movement horizontal direction rhythmic flow vertically result combined movements unity simple effect complex harmonies role chicago school guide chicago ponds identified circle young architects including frank lloyd wright responsible transforming concepts arts crafts movement indigenous prairie school alice guide chicago mifflin isbn pond contemporary ways rival wright chicago architectural scene late 19th early 20th centuries members chicago architectural club served judges participants club annual competitions biographer wright noted wright insulted american institute architects commissioned study progressive architecture instructed investigators examine work louis sullivan pond including wright letter lewis wright expressed dislike truly old pond yesterday told truly old pond took exception sticks stones weren practicing architect practicing architects know architecture write certainly dried herring hanging beneath architecture progressive approach architecture pond revolutionary chicago school day architect stuart noted pond brothers architecture departs traditional architectural styles break radically stylistic forms sought instead create modern american architecture rejecting architectural stylistic traditions emphasis geometry inherent quality building materials construction pond autobiography written years death published press efforts chicago architect david swan time autobiography release architecture historian robert opined pond brothers remained relatively obscure didn fit narratives wished chicago architecture late 19th early 20th centuries prelude european 1920s noted chicago architecture great deal expressed satisfaction publication pond autobiography long way bringing focus america interesting important architectural practices author pond noted author member chicago literary club club president works fiction poems papers art architecture published club including strange fellow story immoral mystery light pleasures travel architecture living art whale study historic school poetry motion matters reflections lively come light architecture art expression architecture origins poems lies way stuff dreams stones venice day big study life art believing leaving american architecture hold horses elephants coming modern architecture thing children think pond frequent contributor architectural journals wrote published essay advocating architectural style american spirit published book meaning architecture pond page article architecture telephone exchange buildings illustrated designs pond louis sullivan appeared architectural record books pond meaning architecture essay criticism college union big rhythms study art life written illustrated pond strange fellow club papers written illustrated pond autobiography pond written 1930s published posthumously later years pond bachelor age life closest friend brother allen pond wrote following dedication book meaning architecture book dedicated brother lifelong companion partner allen pond sympathy understanding light clear thought inspiration better able follow paths individual professional civic endeavor rare ancestry walk brother died pond married years old ceremony ann pond said time time thought ought pardoned youth pond amateur remained physical fitness buff life time wedding associated_press reported known present athletic agility architectural accomplishments daily routine turn exercises drew applause birthday grabbed bare knees hands performed photograph pond feat published life magazine june years older wife pond died pond died years later september traveling washington cause death reported stomach age died asked remains cremated sent university_of_michigan gallery buildings designed pond pond


dan daniel born october american architect longstanding member american institute architects college works designed arena basketball arena university_of_michigan named football coach professional highlights include designing drake stadium ucla federal reserve bank los_angeles california block seating arrangement michigan stadium known controversy frank disney concert hall previously american football linebacker center played professional football los_angeles america football conference college football michigan american michigan undefeated national championship teams college football university_of_michigan born minneapolis minnesota lived twin cities falls south attending university_of_michigan year starter michigan football teams played linebacker center michigan key player undefeated michigan football teams won consecutive national championships team anchored ford described best team history michigan football won total varsity letters michigan football wrestling competed heavyweight division famous jews football extensively jewish publications married ann taylor august couple children douglas nancy reside los_angeles california season michigan football team went opponents led defensive unit gave average points game shut michigan state indiana ohio_state played center team named team american american football coaches association interview los_angeles_times described team defensive scheme follows intelligent team complex defenses nature today called defensive signals shift people going undefeated winning big championship michigan invited face rose bowl bowl game christmas team boarded train ann day trip country little train recalled entertained team music dan piano player gather sing piano car long trip beat recalled coaching staff excellent job scouting went rose bowl pat knew system gained yards rushing yards passing moving past twice played center rose bowl blocking american tackle future los_angeles city john collegiate days final national rankings determined bowl games end regular season michigan ranked notre dame defeating rose bowl associated_press held special poll michigan replaced notre dame national champion vote later noted notre dame claims national championship season michigan football team went opponents defensive unit led held opponents points game including oregon northwestern navy indiana finished season ranked big conference rules prohibited team playing rose bowl years row play blue gray star game relationship year starter michigan legendary coach later said real genius blending elements championship team included older veteran players returned military service recalled half year old kids half veterans guys guys guys struck balance pushed lost focus recalled intellectual strategy way ran practices ran practices called lord allow rain douglas type figure handsome rigid sculpted gave bust kept bust office professional football los_angeles round draft pick los_angeles america football conference professional football team los_angeles played games season professional football played linebacker blocking interception kick return yards disbanded season turned offer pittsburgh return university_of_michigan graduated degree architecture later noted toss pro football player architect linebacker good conditioning young designer learn block bull coming sides career architect overview practice receiving degree architecture moved los_angeles served apprentice early 1950s prominent local early william charles began architecture firm los_angeles known associates firm grew prominent architectural firms california creating major public buildings california associates won firm year award california council american institute architects september associates merged ceased operate independent firm architectural style belongs generation post world war took cues 1920s german french swiss master noted intrigued essential mystery architecture built space kind theater stage life played played architect asked architecture said draws solid resolved concepts modern designers encouraged occasion experiment new wave designers frank owen moss arena block major commission design basketball arena alma mater university_of_michigan members michigan football team years ann school athletic director gave big breaks asking design arena built arena named arena tribute coach design arena received said demonstrate ability combine majesty scale human accessibility roof arena plates weighing approximately tons bridge like construction allows expand contract given change seasons weight snow arena remains home michigan basketball team houses memorabilia trophies varsity athletic teams wooden benches michigan stadium replaced blue benches designed yellow block stands eastern stadium tunnel drake stadium ucla work arena commissioned ucla design track field stadium university central campus designed stadium known drake stadium inaugural meet february stadium site numerous championship meets including national track field championships year special campus events annual ucla commencement exercises june major works major works credited firm include following jerry lewis research center ucla tom bradley international terminal los_angeles international airport acres km2 planned community complex california school blind california design won merit award california theater arts building california state university hills cited theater favorite projects photograph building plaza residential complex bunker hill area downtown los_angeles photograph building county jail los_angeles branch federal reserve bank located grand avenue olympic boulevard downtown los_angeles associates won awards design square feet million building photograph building electronics division headquarters california associates received gold grand award best commercial office building honors crescent architecture awards competition design airport center long beach california complex office buildings freeway direct runway access long beach airport private aircraft photograph building terrace building boulevard west los_angeles california occupied new world entertainment photograph building story city tower orange california near intersection garden grove santa freeways orange county photograph building home savings building boulevard oaks california metropolitan story rental complex downtown los_angeles south_park area van municipal court building van california associates received broad award outstanding new public civic project design federal office building long beach california associates awarded design award general services administration design federal building renovation building boulevard hollywood renovated building occupied hollywood reporter billboard entertainment industry companies beverly_hills main post office beverly_hills california associates received award los_angeles business council design san county jail french camp california shortly prison opened prisoners escaped cutting inch bar prison break led finger pointing construction firm architect prison guards responsible lapse security riverside alumni visitors center photographs thousand oaks civic arts plaza project associates teamed new_mexico architect new_mexico chapter gave associates award work civic arts plaza port entry building california innovative design won highest award california won presidential design award president bill_clinton photos drawings award winning port entry hall university orange california photograph building lloyd george federal courthouse las_vegas nevada photographs courthouse hollywood highland station metro red line heart hollywood photograph station awards honors received numerous national regional community awards design excellence including following numerous award winning projects years practice led election american institute architects college early age gold medal award los_angeles chapter american institute architects lifetime achievement award distinguished service american institute architects california council awarded granting award council noted major positive impact california architecture strong simple sculpted work provided compelling statement california architecture past half century voted distinguished architects los_angeles associates won firm year award american institute architects california council excellence design distinguished architecture reaching style boundaries conventional honored southern_california institute architecture professional accomplishments efforts behalf school scholarship program awarded million grant california board study idea jail served architectural evaluation board county los_angeles served board directors directors circle southern_california institute architecture disney concert hall controversy february disney concert hall committee selected executive architect work designated architect frank designing future home los_angeles selected translate conceptual designs working drawings meet building code specifications cost project million eventually reached million controversy halted project major donor sought complete project years schedule design came fire considered impractical artist publicly blamed executive architect incapable drawings complexity helped select firm went daniel supposedly friend said going fail capability let ghost write refused quoted los_angeles_times saying wrong executive architect drawings helped pick partly responsible brought stop told los_angeles magazine longer speaks friend continued public attacks lot money job like shoot eventually told stop working drawings completed defended criticism people supportive saying complex unusual design understand difficulties trying achieve limited budget limited schedule unfortunate frank came criticism center storm having designed building trying blame told los_angeles_times kind building don simply open plans understand quickly allies refer work confusing disney hall official frederick nicholas defended work attacks denying problems drawings fast tracking nicholas said bad drawings question understanding


william adam architect william adam june scottish architect mason entrepreneur foremost architect time scotland designing building numerous country houses public buildings acting contractor architect best known works house near edinburgh house individual style built style baroque details inspired continental architecture 18th century adam considered scotland universal architect early 20th century architectural critics taken measured view instance finding quality work varied extreme degree architect adam involved industrial ventures improvement schemes including coal mining salt stone mills began build estate named blair adam father architects john robert james developers adam style biography early life william adam born neighbourhood baptised october surviving child john adam mason helen daughter william 3rd lord paternal grandfather adam angus adam probably attended grammar school turned learned craft masonry possibly father suggested adam sir william bruce house dates unlikely john suggests adam trained bruce house bruce building adam fully qualified member guild travelled france low countries visiting country houses viewing canal adam entered partnership william local set venture successful adam credited introducing manufacture dutch scotland adam married daughter mary couple moved home house rise fame known william adam successful architect beginnings engaged major projects floors castle executed design designing extensions house john links adam rise retirement james smith prominent architect early 18th century 70s time like smith adam trained mason social connections family financial backing successful business ventures adam initiated lodge edinburgh mary chapel unlike smith bruce adam presbyterian whig time whig domination british government scottish associated found little favour ruling regime sir william bruce example imprisoned occasions death merely account principles adam beliefs acceptable manage maintain relations exiled amateur architect john earl adam political stance allowed acquire influential patrons john 2nd earl sir john clerk clients attempted secure government positions contracts example sir john clerk unsuccessfully proposed adam city architect town edinburgh bill seen overseeing new public works capital tried unsuccessfully adam appointed surveyor king works scotland following year acquired lesser position clerk king works scotland master works sir john adam appointed principal mason board ordnance north britain adam sir john clerk travelled london visiting number country seats way including park london adam attempted political contacts seeking projected book architectural plans eventually london sat william portrait architect entrepreneur adam firmly established successful architect numerous ongoing business concerns including coal mining salt agricultural improvements year occurred death partner father law william year william adam alexander called architects subscribers list james book architecture february adam edinburgh moved family property later built large business activities continued expand commission leased near provided stone building contracts starting leased warehouses leased coal mines salt later nearby built canal serve mines engineering works included cut hill attempt promote forth clyde canal project eventually realised years later main concern blair estate near purchased year scots renaming estate blair adam set expanding improving planting trees land setting coal mines established village house miners built small house seldom visited length time later life adam forced initiate legal proceedings william lord retrieve unpaid fees arising work house formal contract client architect disagreed costs carved stonework adam sued matter initially resolved favour opponent dragged proceedings resolved adam death rising adam position mason board ordnance brought number large military contracts highlands position master carpenter board ordnance vacant adam quick forward son john consideration unsuccessful securing post eldest sons involved family business james john leaving edinburgh university early join father william adam succumbed illness late dying following summer buried edinburgh john adam designed family built restored edinburgh city_council historic scotland mark anniversary death architectural works adam wide variety sources designs created inventive personal style decoration chief influences english houses likened designs reproduced campbell adam mixed english baroque motifs relied greatly range french italian english pattern books including book architecture borrowed freely little regard consistency style addition took inspiration earlier scottish renaissance architecture predecessors bruce smith nearly year career architect adam designed extended country houses undertook numerous public contracts laid landscape garden schemes instance castle country houses commission extensions house near edinburgh charles hope 1st earl built years sir william bruce adam retained rebuild south east wing works completed aimed east bold new facade stepping forward ends curved sections according john ambitious imaginative attempted scotland following years adam return building south north wing finally finished year earl death completed scheme finished adam sons death adam laid gardens possibly designs bruce style follow early designs included drum house boasted scotland venetian window near edinburgh house constructed villa scotland collaboration adam owner amateur architect sir john clerk claimed credit certainly criticised adam suggestions evidence suggests adam got way number points adam enjoyed unusually close relationship client despite differences opinion ambitious early work baroque inspired house near built robert lawyer politician linked earl includes extensive grounds laid adam cascade main avenue centred arthur seat north work hall adam finest interiors house adam major work demonstrates local foreign influences presenting medieval castle baroque dress built adam acted contractor architect william lord james recently built house lord declined commission recommending adam job main facade house remarkable height tall corner towers impression highly vertical house style related designs produced exiled earl amateur architect collaborated adam house charles compares 17th century castle places scottish architectural tradition like hospital edinburgh house double pile block flanked taller square corner towers baroque dress derives particularly park designs quadrant wings executed lord dispute adam occupied fitted house reason adam houses include house angus lawyers house house early design house collaboration earl interesting appears traditional tall scottish tower house complete spiral stairs walls externally clad neo classical detailing adam clearly took inspiration scottish vernacular duke hamilton hunting lodge near hamilton completed duke apartment adam important interior design commission adam extended castle laid gardens work largely demolished way present building 19th century adam approach mirrored work bruce extending scottish tower house form near symmetrical architectural composition adam built houses house earl house alexander murray complete adam acting general contractor overseeing building castle gothic design roger morris role correspond architect behalf client campbell 3rd duke adam offered morris advice detail design provided early draft layout new town architectural work lord new house castle stone supplied construction started lord rising property sacked government troops public buildings adam public building commissions built town house town hall demolished robert gordon hospital independent school original edinburgh royal street imposing building designed adam based standard ordnance board block world founded physician alexander demolished remnants building found sites city edinburgh adam built george watson hospital demolished 19th century incorporated david new royal work completed william adam new library university glasgow demolished adam town house demolished remains altered adam built church hamilton old parish church working nearby rising occurred prince charlie attempted seize british throne aided rebellious scottish aftermath unsuccessful coup highlands extensively government adam ordnance board work consequently multiplied sons carried works fort fort william castles edinburgh engaged provide mason work fort george near project began shortly adam death summer sons spent summer fort george supervising works colonel skinner chief engineer north britain adam planned publish book architectural drawings scottish houses including work started named response campbell commissioned trip london begun collect completed edinburgh richard cooper project stalled possibly lack collected compared revived time adam death john adam attempted restart project collect fresh came book finally published john son william contained plates including adam designs legacy william adam dominant position scottish architecture reinforced lack contemporaries buildings scotland wondered scottish architecture period achieved adam death coincided final defeat threat advance scottish enlightenment resulted new styles building popular development late 18th century paralleled revival castle form house lead scottish style owed work william adam practical man theorist adam developed strong style exert direct influence course building design main architectural history architect sons particular robert adam success developer adam style far father robert formed style lengthy study rome john traces father influence brothers work suggests adam principle movement architecture partly inspired william admiration notes working father gave brothers solid grounding technical aspects architecture introduced set clients access critical appreciation contemporaries acclaimed adam genius architecture recent architectural historians found work variable quality 18th 19th centuries accepted scotland universal architect end 19th century ross suggested domestic architecture scotland william equal talent son robert 20th century critical view adam work taken example hannah story scotland stone found adam ordinary classical architect arthur introduction definitive work robert james adam dismissed father work heavy ordinary mere compilation ideas kent john lamented hoc improvisation source books decided allowed great distinction architect john adam work architecture britain fit english john suggests express convincingly instance house found adam work remarkable quality went stress william adam found appropriate artistic climate north britain stresses adam scottish context pointing scotland ways foreign country working life separate country england adam argues seen provincial british architect architect scotland john agreement adam best collaborator comment adam best guided man taste knew mind echoed suggests william adam best best architecture touch source books lively minds family william adam mary surviving children born later managed brothers london business john july born took blair adam family businesses practising architecture robert july born architect best known adam brothers james july architect business partner robert william elizabeth betty managed brothers london business helen margaret mary married john minister rare distinction twice general_assembly church scotland chiefly remembered friendship economist adam smith married sir john clerk son sir john clerk birth dates younger daughters recorded addition son named william daughters died infancy william adam death john inherited family business immediately took brothers robert james partnership late robert established london william adam obituary mercury noted fortunate left promising young men carry happily begun john adam passed blair adam son lawyer politician william adam descendants continue estate included notable politicians soldiers civil servants


edward graham edward graham usually known september january english architect practised lancaster lancashire second half 19th century leaving school went lancaster pupil joined partner retired practice leaving sole principal austin joined partner son henry usually known harry partner partnership continued edward death major work design new churches rebuilt restored additions alterations existing churches major new ecclesiastical design peter church lancaster lancaster cathedral carried secular commissions mainly country houses north west england largest important secular work royal albert asylum lancaster designing churches mainly gothic revival style secular works employed greater variety styles including tudor revival scottish gothic revival played little political life lancaster involved cultural events sports town interests included music involved rowing addition designing royal albert asylum served committee committees local schools mechanics institute work tended eclipsed later career austin regarded having competent architect great early life edward born north yorkshire seventh child fourth son sarah née father local vicar turn second son william christian edward initially educated home later christ hospital situated london school went directly lancaster pupil architect age career works completed articles appointed partner practice known architects usually paid attention interests outside practice carrying work year marriage sister formally retired practice leaving sole principal practice continued use title year moved north wales title changed moved office gate castle hill later castle park building serve practice rest existence closed took ownership building difficult determine responsibility partner took commissions undertaken practice individually responsible partners work hall rebuilding saints church career design new churches major source work responsible new rebuilt churches 1850s new churches included patrick preston patrick peter anne christ church george churches anglican came commission roman_catholic_church peter lancaster lancaster cathedral rising feet considered finest design later major new churches include peter mark preston holy trinity bury james james substantial church period peter designed great variety secular buildings important royal albert asylum largest building undertaken practice carried work schools designing town village schools designing extensions larger schools including work school school chapel new east wing carried commissions country houses including rebuilding hall new house north yorkshire variety smaller works including music hall settle cemetery buildings lancaster industrial buildings career coincided growth town development railway major architect area gained commissions relating town railway developed working relationships major james henry designed domestic industrial buildings early commission convert manor house abbey hotel railway later designed large country house abbot wood demolished station railway strand station demolished subsequently practice responsible buildings required railway death worked partnerships joined austin practice known austin son henry usually known harry joined partnership practice austin title retained edward death difficult know partner contributed particular project works attributed partnership individual partner certain firm enjoyed successful period designed admired buildings years new features appeared including describe new found tended work occasionally perpendicular features churches frequently practice credited playing term perpendicular revival north playing nationally pioneering role rehabilitation perpendicular style acceptable stylistic choice addition later period use features derived aesthetic movement introduced known edward played developments argue undoubtedly influence austin play work period point outgoing personality senior position writers suggest austin tend dealings firm suggest ease dealing patrons duke discussing rebuilding hall fire played greater training pupils practice individual responsibilities practice took south appointed inspector lancaster judge served committee royal albert asylum years taking interest management director lancaster company designed factory lancaster carriage wagon works role responsible new road bridge river following collapse fellow royal institute british architects served council periods time death architectural styles half 19th century ecclesiastical architecture moving away style gothic initially churches gothic revival style incorporated gothic like features windows towers known pre archaeological style phase commissioners churches argued features correctly accurately reflect medieval gothic architecture mimic expert movement learned consequence incorporated correct gothic features work time cambridge society influenced oxford movement advocating form required larger chancel normally provided commissioners churches influenced brother frederick member society expert medieval architecture churches followed 13th 14th centuries early english decorated style mainly common plan consisted open roofs benches congregation stalls chancel pulpit entrance chancel steps leading chancel font west end seen church design use devices introduced introduce perpendicular features designs example patrick preston patrick peter rebuilding paul church early new churches interiors introduced interior bare brick peter feature repeated similar manner later churches including mark preston james secular commissions employed greater variety architectural styles including features tudor revival architecture earliest major building style hall contrast country house scottish style building style building tudor style country house important building royal albert asylum gothic style opinion incorporates french features particular steep roof central tower austin joined practice difficult determine specific input individual partner new architectural features introduced consider tends overshadowed austin practice continued design fine buildings time principal personal life edward married sister june children daughters followed sons youngest henry anderson known harry joined father partner practice family lived initially castle park near lancaster castle moving house south lancaster called designed converted country house called near north east lancaster keen anglican initially attending lancaster later paul church church largely rebuilt took little interest local politics serve conservative councillor years declined end term involved ways social concerns serving committees local schools mechanics institute played major establishing royal albert asylum designing building serving committee shared sporting musical interests member john helping set lancaster rowing club wife members lancaster choral society involved company lancaster philosophical society founded county club gentleman club lancaster interested founder member royal archaeological society member cumberland antiquarian archaeological society died january having suffered fever days played prominent role political life lancaster active life town given civic funeral buried lancaster cemetery estate amounted equivalent consider architectural partnership austin outstanding work county work outstanding national regional context time austin partnership austin given credit originality designs good reputation church architect right death architect contract reporter carried article highlighting aspect work respect peter lancaster later lancaster cathedral consider masterpiece independent church architect german architect critic mentioned survey english churches enthusiasm writing described fine aspiring building successors buildings england series describe chef later work tended overshadowed austin usually impossible determine partner responsible design described attractive individual popular leading figure life lancaster obituary lancaster guardian described nature gentlemen cheerful respected