lexington class battlecruiser lexington class battlecruisers officially class battlecruiser ordered united_states_navy vessels requested reaction building japan class potential use navy came series studies naval war college stretched years existence battlecruiser hms invincible series proposed battlecruiser designs fact submitted general board approved construction fact approved congress time initial request political military considerations included naval act like south class battleships included act construction repeatedly postponed favor escort ships anti submarine vessels delays class redesigned times originally designed mount inch guns eighteen inch guns hull maximum speed knots mph time definitive design specifications altered inch guns sixteen inch guns speed knots mph improve hitting power armor decrease speed attributed additions armor design challenges navy bureau construction repair faced class considerable combined requirements hitting power extreme speed adequate protection knowledge naval architects technology time desired speed knots attained previously destroyers smaller craft capital ship required hull power plant unprecedented size naval vessel careful planning designers ensure longitudinal strength withstand bending forces underway added stresses structure associated combat took years initial final designs engine boiler technology provide plant sufficient power compact allow practical degree protection large ships ships eventually canceled scrapped building ways comply washington naval treaty lexington converted united_states fleet carriers saw extensive action world war lexington conducting number raids sunk battle coral sea serving multiple campaigns pacific indian_ocean hit torpedoes different occasions survived war sunk target ship operation crossroads background armor speed early questions arose naval war college overall effectiveness large armored cruisers pennsylvania class tennessee class vessels coming service annual summer conference report included staff memorandum big gun capital ships suggested new type cruiser armed armored like battleship following year summer conference considered tactics ship armed inch inch guns submerged torpedo tubes battleship type protection ships essentially tennessee class ships inch intermediate battery traded heavier main guns protection ships figured college studies years summer conference report building program strongly advocated ships construction use scouting fast wings fleet action resistance inch gunfire greater tennessee class general board secretary navy refused adopt proposed new armored cruiser navy new armored cruisers hand college continued test design variety foreign vessels including british invincible class battlecruiser summer conference come favor battlecruisers armored cruisers increasing range torpedoes distances future gun battles expected fought favor speed armor gunnery officers laid great stress value getting range beating enemy fire gets range conference concluded battlecruisers worth building considered category armored cruisers support battle fleet fight line fully armored battleships majority report recommended speed percent battleships battleships built expected steam knots mph meant minimum speed battlecruisers knots mph bureau construction repair ships following year request secretary navy fast wyoming class ships considered adopting foot hull displacement long tons produce vessel travel knots mph carry caliber inch guns twin turrets equivalent armor savings weight eliminating wyoming turrets balanced added length height armor belt enlarged belt required deeper hull american battlecruiser studies required deep hulls retain strength hulls long attain speed armor belt reduced average inches fifth turret added intermediate proposals included intermediate armor inch guns wyoming armor inch guns designs included superfiring turrets general board retained sketches recommend construction pacific developments continued studies imperial_japanese_navy annihilated russian baltic fleet battle japan concern navy admiral alfred warned assistant secretary navy roosevelt greater likelihood conflict pacific atlantic roosevelt president united_states written british diplomat cecil spring rice interest like perfectly aware win possibly mean struggle future sealed outcome russo japanese war japan favor signaled emergence world power began period rivalry united_states intentions pacific theater dominant military powers immediate consequence class armored cruisers laid ships designed carry inch guns size generally allocated capital ships unprecedented armored cruisers protected inches belt turret armour inches deck armour capable speed knots intended place aging battleships showed japan intention continuing use armored cruisers fleet engagements exactly type ships college argued unsuccessfully add navy switching battlecruisers navy react germany britain built increasing numbers battlecruisers took different japan laid ship class britain january june naval intelligence confirmed ships built japan form fast division following day secretary navy asked general board consider construction american battlecruisers pacific service longer viable units face opposition general board willing battleship construction favor auxiliary types battlecruisers august suggested research ship tons steam knots carry inch inch guns protective system comparable nevada class battleships words board requested american version view board lack urgency took nearly year research project proposed main battery inch guns kept constant factors calculated speeds knots operating ranges miles belt armor inches july naval robinson presented studies lecture gave naval war college general board attendance emphasized inches absolute minimum armor protection recommended radius miles battleships general board reaction request battlecruisers naval building program ask slightly modified version proposed ship naval war college felt design problems fast battleship practical option political climate consider weather good battlecruisers thought congress approve battlecruisers reducing number battleships navy decided battleships new super dreadnought nevada class construction begun important congress navy eyes approving battleships general board assumed build battleships year congress approving ship fiscal year ships ship ship approval new_york class ships instead apparently personal triumph secretary navy von years later world war raging europe political climate changed tentative year program october supported president wilson called battleships battlecruisers destroyers completed submitted congress december june house_of_representatives passed bill modified form replacing battleships battlecruisers august senate passed altered bill keeping original number ships program completed years ships paid fifth classes intended knot mph scouting force support large battle fleet battlecruisers keel laying delayed capital ship construction suspended favor needed merchant ships anti submarine warfare destroyers lexington class ships named lexington ranger constitution united_states designated signifying status battlecruisers class planned battlecruisers new design instead expanded existing ton cruiser designs design development original configuration battlecruisers carry caliber guns turrets triple superfiring dual beam accommodate larger barbettes triple turrets slight forward aft secondary armament eighteen caliber guns displacement long tons steam knots specifications tempered sparse armor compared contemporary battleships estimated shaft horsepower needed obtain planned speed require boilers problematic room boilers armored deck long comparatively narrow hull solution decided place half boilers deck centerline armored boxes fitted challenge exhaust needed lexington given seven funnels long narrow hull came consequent penchant bending led challenge adequate hull strength especially longitudinal strength challenge complicated capital ship heavy weight main turrets guns area british battlecruisers notably structural members hms invincible weak double frames distorted hms renown drydock immediately following preliminary gunnery tests hull structure withstand bending stresses firing forward main guns large light cruiser hms courageous heavy gale initial trial run number outer hull plates distorted removed sent renewed longitudinal strength challenged large required forward section hull ships dry maintain high speed types weather inches belt armor considered impressive belt running potentially percent waterline covering entire amidships armor protection impressive european standards difference ultimate strength armor steel hull steel severe stresses hull expected factors plus ships unusual length prompted naval robinson led design group careful analyses strength stresses expected service instance designers assumed ship needed withstand stresses caused wave ship length ratio height length robinson found reasonable ratio promised considerable savings weight suggestion belt armor load bearing member connecting plates end end found difficult practical added strength badly needed considered radical proposition truly safe idea subsequently adopted design forecastle break turrets challenge continue longitudinal strength contributed armored deck past point end stern difficult design problem especially need save weight possible fact light structural members combined heavy armament weight source grief british proposed solution use combination decks strength deck hull protective deck rest atop belt armor feet waterline splinter deck waterline idea adopted continue longitudinal bulkhead protective splinter decks ship add strength severity strength weight challenges necessitated larger displacement tons hull feet instead feet internal volume accommodate needed machinery size power plant meant pushing main turrets ends ships increased hull stress idea adopted place half boilers armored deck construction hold redesign plans begin construction placed hold large numbers anti submarine warfare vessels merchant ships needed ensure safe passage men europe germany boat campaign given priority opened opportunity massive redesign need apparent light experience gained battle jutland fought shortly initial design approved british battlecruisers lost fact navy misunderstood essential points battle initially shown ignoring staying power increasing main armament caliber guns secondary armament fourteen caliber guns factors decision discovery plans britain japan new battlecruisers armed inch guns respectively recommendation bureau ordnance ships ability inflict fatal damage enemy powerful vessels distance reached heavy gunfire opponent battleships newer style boiler needed fit armored deck number funnels reduced armor scheme modified compromised longitudinal strength hull naval staff great_britain extremely impressed british newest battlecruiser hms hood admiral class armor comparable previous battleships deck armor extensive british capital ship ship described fast battleship british admiralty considered replacement battleship battlecruiser staff advocated united_states develop similar vessel chief david taylor agreed april told lexington design staff plan vessel combining principal features battleship battlecruiser maximum possible speed main armament protection specifically meant caliber guns planned south class battleships reducing armor protection percent feet compared feet battlecruiser feet hood speed knots designs prepared submitted quickly royal_navy temporarily assigned young stanley assist task brought copy plans hood accurate accounts shell damage battle jutland addition senior served admiral staff london british experience able share worked concurrently conventional heavily armed armored south class quickly adopted incorporated ideas hood lexington project included reduction main armor belt change sloped armor addition water torpedo tubes added underwater tubes included original design changes included widening ship allow adequate torpedo protection system increase vertical belt armor inches improvement boiler technology reduced number boilers number funnels increased normal displacement ship tons tons south class tons greater previous battleship class colorado class proposed submitted general board june letter requested formal navy armored protect fire guns inches board concerned delay incorporating building program general subsequent cost declined designs board feared producing heavily armored fast battleships hood navy standard type battleships obsolete hms dreadnought royal_navy pre dreadnought battleships advantage numbers navies stop commander chief european waters admiral william argue redesigned vessels pointing hood brought revolution board wished suppress debate continued project remained suspended board decided battlecruisers built planned slightly slower version design increased protection turrets conning towers magazines communications amended version labeled final version lexington battlecruiser design design general characteristics lexington class ships overall length feet beam feet inches draft feet displaced long tons normal load long tons deep load demand extreme speed necessitated long hull maximum forecastle extended percent total length hull class rear admiral david taylor served chief bureau construction repair relatively new kind bow called bow taylor bow result series tests begun bow reduced water resistance average percent supported forecastle reduced bending stress hull speeds knots test results highly favorable disadvantage formation heavy layer water outer plating forecastle higher speeds tendency reduced degree careful design frames taylor introduced bow known design uss delaware entered service propulsion turbo electric propulsion selected battlecruisers despite fact needed room geared turbines allow better underwater protection wartime experience showed essential new_mexico class battleships advantages turbines run speed regard propeller speed economical fuel machinery easily sub divided increased ships ability withstand torpedo hits flexible electric cables steam lines meant motors mounted rear ship reduced vibration weight shortening propeller shafts ship astern power simply reversing electrical motors despite factors fact american companies struggled produce large geared steam turbines needed big ships curtis company tried unsuccessfully convince navy reverse decision navy countered mean complete machinery spaces reduction underwater protection propeller feet inches diameter propeller shafts powered shaft horsepower electric motors acting tandem motors times size earlier electric motor general_electric turbo generators powered propeller shaft rated kilowatts volts direct current produced sixteen water tube boilers individual compartment provided steam generators working pressure psi kpa cm2 temperature turbo electric machinery lexington class ships designed produce total shaft horsepower propel ships knots mph ship reached shp knots mph sea trials turbo generators installed upper levels main turbine compartments estimated range nautical miles speed knots mph armament main guns original design lexington class called caliber guns mark variety mounted turrets triple superfiring double turrets main armament designed service guns installed new_mexico class battleships guns capable firing pounds armor piercing muzzle velocity mps range yards maximum angle degrees later designs called caliber mark gun slated south class battleship like caliber gun gun designed basically extended version caliber mark gun colorado class fired pound shell mark muzzle mps rate rounds minute range yards elevation degrees prototype mark tested proven april gun scheduled naval service cancellation lexington south classes guns installed ships built construction guns given army use coastal defense guns army caliber guns later planning called use guns iowa class battleships design led caliber mark gun instead result navy remaining mark guns sent army coastal defense guns secondary guns original design called eighteen caliber guns guns originally mounted wyoming class battleships found way secondary armament battleship built prior washington naval treaty destroyers submarines built time mounted gun main gun fired pound shell muzzle velocity mps rate rounds minute range yards elevation degrees secondary armament later fourteen caliber guns mark designed service guns main armament class light cruisers submarines intended secondary armament south class battleships fired pound shell muzzle velocity mps rate seven rounds minute range yards elevation degrees anti aircraft guns caliber mark anti aircraft guns planned original redesigned versions increased guns final version degrees elevate degrees fired pound shell muzzle velocity mps rate rounds minute range yards height feet torpedo tubes inch torpedo tubes carried mounted inside hull waterline bow waterline stern armor waterline belt lexington class ships tapered inches thickness angled increase armor relative thickness horizontal close range fire concept taken hms hood practice reduction relative height belt increased chance going belt covered middle feet ships forward belt ended bulkhead tapered seven inches thickness aft terminated seven inch bulkhead belt height feet inches upper deck inches thick layers deck ships machinery magazine armored layers special treatment steel totaling inches thickness steering gear protected layers totaled inches slope inches slope turret faces inches thick sides inches thickness roof inches thick barbettes maximum inches armor reduced thickness stages decks minimum thickness inches conning tower armor inches thick communications tube inches sides ran conning tower lower conning position 1st platform deck torpedo defense system lexington class ships consisted medium steel protective bulkheads ranged inches thickness spaces left fuel tanks absorb torpedo aircraft designs provision aircraft navy planned adapt deck vessels accommodate aircraft later date conversion construction finally began battlecruisers delay months july secretary state charles evans hughes called conference washington held november stated goal curb rapidly growing extremely expensive naval construction programs obvious general board expensive new battlecruisers thought obsolete attractive targets cancellation accordingly studies exploring possibilities converting battlecruisers different uses looked conversion aircraft carrier contemplated conversion atlantic_ocean liner conversion lexington aircraft carrier positive negative aspects compared specifically designed carrier conversion better anti torpedo protection larger magazines aircraft bombs keel carrier room aircraft landings elevator feet farther half knot slower hangar space percent emergency fuel narrower lines aft pilots landing converted battlecruiser wide runway aim comparing costs brand new aircraft carrier cost million conversion lexington class counting million sunk cost million debate converting signing washington naval treaty terms treaty capital ships construction signatories united_states great_britain france italy japan canceled scrapped battlecruisers encompassed united_states lexington class japan class great_britain battlecruisers treaty allow participating nations capital ships construction convert aircraft carriers navy decided complete closest completion lexington problem cap new carrier construction set tons low practical conversion battlecruisers exception spearheaded assistant secretary navy roosevelt added treaty gave nations option convert capital ships construction ton aircraft carriers increase tons conversion took creative interpreting clause treaty allow conversion removing half power plant general board want clause chapter iii section retained capital ships aircraft carriers shall reconstructed purpose providing means defense air submarine attack subject following rules contracting powers purpose equip existing anti air attack deck protection providing increase displacement effected exceed tons metric tons displacement ship clause carriers likely trouble estimates ships lexington actual tons official lists number given tons stated number include weight sec art washington treaty providing means air submarine attack ships entire careers ships following adoption washington naval treaty construction ships stopped february battlecruiser hulls lexington class aircraft carriers lexington terms treaty ships formally cancelled scrapped place


tucker class destroyer tucker class destroyers ship class ships designed built united_states_navy shortly united_states entered world war tucker class fourth classes destroyers known thousand destroyers long tons displacement design tucker class result general board united_states_navy navy bureau construction repair general board tasked creating integrated battle fleet wanted larger ship serve scouting role proposed ship larger unique british destroyer hms swift twice displacement previous destroyer input construction repair resulted design development brien class similar thousand class displaced preceding class ships built private american shipyards bath iron works fore river company new_york corporation william sons laid february november launched april july commissioned navy july ships median displacement long tons feet length beam feet ships direct drive steam turbines single geared cruising turbine equipped geared steam turbines destroyer equipped greatly influenced later navy destroyer designs ships designed maximum speed knots range nautical miles economical speeds built armed inch guns twin inch torpedo tubes load torpedoes later equipped depth charges ships operated atlantic caribbean entrance world war april sent overseas ireland convoy escort duties ships rescued passengers crew ships sunk boats encounters boats jacob jones torpedoed sunk december surviving members class returned united_states early decommissioned june commissioned united_states_coast_guard help enforce prohibition patrol returned navy custody sold scrapping background september general board united_states_navy asked navy bureau construction repair develop plans class destroyers general board asked design inch guns twin inch torpedo tubes floating mines travel knots steaming radius nautical miles knots came design foot long long ton displacement triple screw super destroyer requiring shaft horsepower design speed knots design similar larger unique british destroyer hms swift twice displacement largest destroyers general board main concern integrated operation united_states battle fleet pushed design provide scouting capabilities fleet operations high cost design hull machinery brien class ships lack operating experience class thousand destroyers exceeding long tons displacement beginning launched caused resist larger design chief navy head pointed british repeated swift design years introduction noted destroyer gets large loses desirable features type november general board offered alternatives reduce size destroyer convinced practical solution design shared brien class matching class main battery torpedo load design speed knots desired nautical mile steaming radius general board specified ships equipped guns developed installed provisions laying thirty mines strengthened bow design tucker class approved secretary navy december authorized congress design built tucker class ships feet inches length overall feet inches feet inches median draft feet inches hull shape featured distinctive high forecastle typical destroyer classes smith class destroyers designed truly ocean going vessels ships displaced long tons median long tons ships equipped propeller shafts curtis steam turbines fed yarrow boilers providing minimum shaft horsepower achieve design speed knots ships pair main turbines supplemented cruising turbine geared shafts cruising turbines instead twin turbines geared directly propeller shafts american destroyer outfitted served considerable effect destroyer design trials july main battery tucker class consisted inch mark guns gun weighing excess pounds guns fired pound armor piercing projectiles feet second elevation guns range yards tucker class equipped twin inch torpedo tubes total load mark torpedoes general board called anti aircraft guns tucker class originally outfitted weapons class american destroyer class armed likewise record tucker ships outfitted laying apparatus world war american destroyers anti submarine warfare roles equipped depth charges delivery systems guns depth charge racks tucker class ships equipped depth charges war specific mentions types depth charges delivery system recorded available sources comparisons thousand thousand united_states_navy destroyers classes brien tucker named navy destroyers greater long tons class thousand displaced preceding class introduction thousand led older smaller displacement destroyers previous classes called nickname commonly applied ford model tucker class fourth classes thousand earlier brien class ships feet shorter tucker ships lower displacement long tons median displacement later class ships length displaced long tons classes armed inch guns torpedo size complement varied equipped twin torpedo tubes loaded torpedoes triple tubes carrying torpedoes classes armed inch torpedoes rest inch torpedoes group originally equipped anti aircraft guns pair pounder guns caliber construction construction tucker class ships allocated fore river company bath iron works built ship william new_york constructed pair tucker destroyers ships laid february november tucker launched april july porter commissioned july months launch rest commissioned january final ship enter service ships class members class served atlantic navy careers sent overseas ireland convoy escort anti submarine duties united_states entered world war april porter group american destroyers arriving tucker jacob jones followed second group arrived thirteen days later ships encounters boats war commander commended thought probable kill boat jacob jones sunk december surviving ships class returned united_states early served roles years tucker decommissioned followed remaining june ships porter tucker reactivated service united_states_coast_guard patrol returned navy exception tucker followed porter sold scrapping uss tucker uss tucker lead ship class laid fore river company massachusetts november launched navy vessel named samuel tucker april commissioning tucker sailed east_coast caribbean united_states entered world war april tucker second destroyer squadron sent overseas patrolling irish sea ireland tucker rescues passengers crew ships sunk boats rescuing crewmen august tucker received maritime june tucker transferred brest france spent remainder war returning united state near end tucker underwent repairs boston navy yard new_england recruiting tour october placed reduced commission decommissioned march tucker transferred united_states_coast_guard help enforce prohibition patrol operated tucker coast guard service american ship arrive crash site navy transfer navy later ship renamed free tucker destroyer sold scrap december uss uss laid william sons philadelphia july launched july following year navy vessel named january commissioning sailed east_coast caribbean united_states entered world war april destroyer squadron sent overseas patrolling irish sea ireland rescues passengers crew ships sunk boats commander commended actions related thought time probable kill german submarine returning united state december underwent repairs boston navy yard remained reduced commission brief episodes activity returning active service year decommissioned june june transferred united_states_coast_guard help enforce prohibition patrol operated returned navy later year ship renamed free destroyer sold scrap august uss porter uss porter laid william sons philadelphia august launched august following year second navy vessel named honor david porter son david porter april commissioning porter conducted cruise caribbean united_states entered world war april porter destroyer squadron sent overseas patrolling irish sea ireland porter severely damaged german submarine april returning united_states war porter operated east_coast decommissioned june june porter transferred united_states_coast_guard help enforce prohibition patrol operated porter returned navy later year ship renamed free porter destroyer sold scrap august uss uss laid bath iron works bath maine february launched april navy vessel named alexander geared steam turbine power plant successful prototype greatly influenced destroyer designs july commissioning served neutrality patrol east_coast caribbean united_states entered world war april flagship destroyer squadron sent overseas patrolling irish sea ireland reported encounters boats months overseas transferred brest france march spent remainder war returning united state end underwent month overhaul served plane guard navy flight attempt navy flying boats years reduced commission august reactivated decommissioned june spent nearly years reserve philadelphia navy yard struck naval vessel register january sold june scrapped august uss jacob jones uss jacob jones laid new_york new_jersey august launched following year navy vessel named honor jacob jones february commissioning jacob jones conducted patrols new_england coast united_states entered world war april jacob jones sent overseas patrolling irish sea ireland jacob jones rescued survivors ships notably picking sunken armed merchant cruiser december jacob jones steaming independently brest france torpedoed sunk german submarine loss officers men united_states destroyer sunk enemy action destroyer lost enemy navy world war jacob jones sank minutes issuing distress german submarine commander rose rescuing badly injured jacob jones crewmen american base coordinates survivors leaving area uss uss laid new_york new_jersey september launched june following year navy vessel named honor navy officers father son commander richard cousin elder commissioning sailed east_coast caribbean united_states entered world war april destroyer squadron sent overseas patrolling irish sea ireland unsuccessful attacks boats rescued survivors ships sunk german craft returning united state war resumed operations destroyers atlantic fleet decommissioned april transferred united_states_coast_guard help enforce prohibition patrol operated april returned navy sold scrap august


delaware class battleship delaware class battleships united_states_navy second class american dreadnoughts class long tons limit imposed capital ships united_states congress waived allowed designers navy bureau construction repair correct considered flaws preceding south_carolina class produce ships powerful effective rounded overall launched ships naval history exceed long tons carried battery inch guns turrets increase guns south carolinas ships navy adopted fledged medium caliber weapon anti torpedo boat defense inch gun smaller major navies exceptions standard medium gun caliber navy better 20th century speed capable mph significant improvement earlier class mph speed american standard type battleships propulsion systems mixed north fitted steam turbines delaware retained triple expansion engines turbines point great advantages output speed triple expansion systems engineering difficulties faced turbine manufacturers extremely great fuel efficient significant concern navy pacific responsibilities lacking britain extensive network stations ships saw varied service careers battleship division atlantic fleet delaware assigned british grand_fleet america entry world war escorted convoys participated blockade german high_seas_fleet contrast north remained american coast war worries troublesome turbine engines post war conducted training cruises atlantic fleet delaware broken scrap metal accordance washington naval treaty north survived scrapped terms london naval treaty design prompted launch hms dreadnought navy congress faced perceived vastly better battleship south_carolina battleships construction designed constraints congress imposed capital ships actually south carolinas inferior speed dreadnought carried fewer heavy guns unlike dreadnought bring bear broadside fire equal weight metal greater time care taken armor bulkhead arrangement better protected british ship realized time navy bureau construction repair struggled design adequate warship congressional limits taken battleship design far restrictions seeing limits unrealistic congress ended subsequent constraints dictated treaty limitations language authorizing act june battleship carrying heavy armor powerful armament known vessel class highest speed greatest radius action delaware class second distinct capital ship designs begun battleships battlecruisers laid period seven battleships battlecruisers cancelled lexington class battlecruisers relatively slow ships designed mph ranged displacement long tons time dreadnought class battleship hit water stage building design virtually entire navy battle line designed drawing experience pre dreadnought designs observation foreign battleship design design ships actually ready variants offered gun version long tons gun alternative long tons larger ship rejected expensive firepower offered displacement reduced long tons tons required consider private designs construction commence private designs considered remotely satisfactory navy fore river later developed version battleship built argentine navy design considered superior came criticism particularly poor placement lack protection secondary armament general characteristics significantly powerful predecessors south_carolina class mentioned conway world fighting ships match standard set british dreadnought large elimination congressional limits size new battleships restriction congress placed design cost hull machinery exceed million usd delaware class ships significantly larger south carolinas long waterline long overall comparison south_carolina class ships long overall beam draft south carolinas measurements respectively delaware class ships displaced long tons standard displacement long tons load south carolinas displaced long tons standard displacement long tons load bows early example propulsion reasons including expected hostilities japan requiring travel pacific_ocean long operational range theme battleship designs experiment ships received different delaware received triple expansion engines north fitted direct drive steam turbine engines ships boilers original power plants rated shp ships capable reaching knots chief washington predicted north percent shorter radius delaware knots percent knots based tank tests known performance steam turbines time estimate proved true ships trial runs delaware engine equipped forced instead gravity fed system able steam speed hours need engine repair normally engines known generally shake apart run power long penchant reliability came question late 1930s battleships engines performed poorly pacific powerful efficient geared turbines installed north replace turbines provided shp horsepower shp greater original engines armament main guns delaware class ships armed inch caliber mark guns twin gun turrets addition guns compared preceding south carolinas gun mark type allowed depression degrees elevation degrees guns rate fire rounds minute fired shells armor piercing common types common type obsolete production charge silk bags provided muzzle velocity guns expected fire rounds barrels require replacement ships carried shells gun rounds total degrees elevation guns hit targets approximately turrets mounted fore superfiring pair mounted aft main superstructure centerline placement rear gun turrets proved problematic placed rear superfiring turret number closest amidships represented greatest weight borne ship structure tall barbette placement allow support greatest underwater volume available rear turrets numbers placed level arrangement detrimental ways number fire astern number trained forward left guns number second engine room situated numbers steam lines ran boiler rooms amidships ammunition magazine number turret engine room lines later found potential heat powder magazine design flaw prevalent british dreadnoughts considered naval designers structural grounds challenge main armament weight long tons turret spread hull led increased stress structure closer weight heavy guns ends greater stress risk structural failure metal fatigue high speed required fine ends especially space needed amidships machinery moving main turrets having worry displacement limit allowed option deepening hull helped extent added forecastle allow better room officers quarters restored height hull aft problem remained secondary guns naval war college newport summer conference considered inch guns fitted south_carolina class light effective anti torpedo boat defense committee issue formed conference suggested gun high velocity flat trajectory work best powerful smash attacking vessel light easy handling rapid firing purpose committee found inch guns appeared best suited design considered inch guns concerns voiced naval war college lack heavy splinter protection guns smoke led adaption inch guns balance increase armor weight mounted fourteen inch caliber mark guns forward main deck inch casemates aft main deck turret rate fire rounds minute fired types rounds light shell weighed heavy round weighed type common mark shell weighed shells fired muzzle velocity larger shells traveled slightly slower guns mark mark pedestal mounts mark version limited elevation degrees mark allowed degrees inch able penetrate effectively deciding factor decision equip delaware class inch guns supplied total rounds barrel guns considered improvement navy south carolinas placement remained problematic calm water extremely wet difficult man forward guns moved superstructure sea trials mounted secondary armament deck main deck provided majority complaints shipping water forward positions breaking flow bow wave extra drag design anti aircraft guns south_carolina class ships fitted inch caliber anti aircraft guns mark mounts mark mount inch mounting issued navy height compared height pedestal surface craft allowed elevation range degrees maximum range degrees maximum ceiling degrees torpedo tubes carried inch torpedo tubes waterline bliss inch mark model torpedo designed tubes overall length weight propelled explosive charge tnt range speed mph armor armored belt ranged thickness important areas ship guns mounted hull armor plate barbettes housed main gun turrets armored armor portions vulnerable shell fire thicker rear sections barbette likely hit received thinner armor save weight gun turrets armored armor conning tower thick designs early dreadnoughts deck armor thin areas machinery magazine spaces ships expected firing ranges distances deck strikes rare event service history uss delaware trials delaware run speed hours straight prove machinery handle stress american battleship achieve feat late delaware sailed europe followed trip south_america early europe returning atlantic fleet training exercises conducted western atlantic caribbean delaware took second battle april united_states declared war germany april delaware initially tasked readiness training east_coast late year deployed europe navy battleship division command rear admiral hugh force arrived december assigned 6th battle squadron grand_fleet july delaware withdrawn overseas service returned united_states navy adopted hull numbers ships delaware assigned hull number delaware cruises new identification number second early delaware sailed europe second trip stopped number ports including gibraltar returned august year point crew reassigned newer battleship colorado taken boston navy yard armaments removed ship decommissioned november sold february uss north commissioning ship assigned atlantic fleet alongside sister delaware overseas cruise came november steamed atlantic visit france britain north took invasion unlike sister north remained american coast duration united_states involvement world war hugh commander american expeditionary force specifically requested north kept felt turbine engines unreliable ship deployed war zone employed training ship gunners engineers post war north second trip europe primarily ports mediterranean_sea visit ship tasked return remains italian ambassador died october washington ship participated aerial bombing demonstrations virginia trip europe time naval academy aboard ship stopped spain scotland scandinavia like sister relegated surplus naval forces dismantled washington naval treaty november north decommissioned armaments removed converted target ship redesignated served target scrapped


west west cargo ship united_states shipping board launched shortly end world war ship inspected united_states_navy possible use uss west taken navy commissioned west built west boats series steel cargo ships built west_coast united_states world war war effort 32nd ship built northwest steel portland oregon operated years merchant ship involved court case eventually reached supreme_court united_states laid new_orleans louisiana late reactivated refitted carry american defense related africa ore united_states continuing african service united_states entered world war diverted march round trip soviet_union enduring german attacks earned navy armed guard battle star return sailed mainly united_states african caribbean ports march sailed united_states final time scuttled june utah beach normandy invasion earning second battle star process design construction west ships cargo ships similar size design built shipyards west_coast united_states united_states shipping board emergency use world war given names began word west like west west ships built northwest steel portland oregon west northwest steel yard number hull number completed september west gross register tons grt feet inch long perpendiculars feet inches steel hull hold feet inches deep displacement mean draft feet inch ship single steam turbine drove single screw propeller moved ship knots early career west inspected 13th naval district united_states_navy completion possible use service assigned identification number commissioned known uss west navy took ship commissioned information west early career lacking records movements cargo available september west took load white sugar java headed united_states suez_canal near bermuda west diverted original destination new_york philadelphia deliver cargo order cargo originally headed philadelphia refused pay believing voyage took long litigation appeals case ended supreme_court united_states national bank commerce court found contract signed sugar regardless ship originally destined philadelphia west reported hawaiian service report governor hawaii annual report united_states department interior fiscal year listed west owned ships sailed hawaii pacific steamship company west operated south_america bringing coffee united_states october example delivered pounds coffee rio_de_janeiro new_orleans louisiana march delivered bags new_orleans bags galveston texas little known west activities point period laid new_orleans reserve fleet located world war june world war europe united_states maritime commission successor announced bidding west ships reserve fleet low bid west maryland drydock company baltimore priced repairs february announced round bidding time operation west ships defense routes southern eastern africa ships carry defense cargo african ports return loads ore needed production steel armaments united_states american south african line low bid west offering operate monthly complete west arrived new_york baltimore march scheduled begin african service early march sailed new_york april cape_verde islands cape_town arrived beginning day west visited port elizabeth east london june returned sailed june way arrived july sailed cape_town began journey trinidad july calling caribbean port returned new_york complete circuit august september west began similar voyage africa addition calling ports visited trip visited port time early november ship transit cape_town trinidad december attack pearl harbor time arrived boston december united_states joined allies world war declaring war axis powers arctic convoy west sailed boston new_york december spent nearly weeks new_york outfitted armament naval armed guard detachment sailed boston halifax load tanks february spending days halifax sailed convoy clyde february arriving clyde march west way march sailed days later convoy convoy consisted approximately merchant ships american american ships west possessed defensive weaponry manned naval armed ships turned heavy fog snow west ships convoy remained march april april convoy tracked german aircraft convoy escort ships contact german destroyers following day convoy commodore ship sunk submarine torpedoes traveled convoy hitting ships convoy came air attack april suffered losses convoy neared soviet destroyers air cover joined escort convoy arrived incident april convoy arrived destination danger attack present nearest german airfield miles away minutes flying time gave advance warning air raids german dive bombers soviet anti aircraft fire drop bombs fly away west closest occurred bomb fell feet away ship air raid april destroying ton crane earlier finished unloading ship west suffered major damage attacks despite fact limited port facilities typically slow unloading cargo west ready sail departing convoy convoy april west armed received battle star participation convoy later returning new_york way halifax west brief trip philadelphia worked way east_coast norfolk virginia arrived june sailing day cargo ship began african trips ports leg second voyage called western coast africa march returning americas west visited saint thomas san_juan caribbean returning philadelphia april west sailing began june left boston halifax sailing port june convoy bound liverpool breaking convoy west visited returning new_york august sailing september began final trip africa visited west african ports returning philadelphia trinidad january sailed philadelphia days later ending boston final voyage west selected allied invasion france planning stages specific modifications performed west revealed sources modifications ships appear november christian science monitor reported dispatched boston like west loaded tons sand cement rigged explosive charges departing port existing weapons moved higher ship supplemented additional guns account chief engineer aboard west dispatched boston mentions transverse bulkheads aboard ship cut open facilitate sinking west departed boston march arrived halifax days later departing port march sailed convoy arrived april departed april joined assembling fleet fleet group ships sunk form shallow water artificial landing craft reports ship crews told mission anchored permitted leave ships weeks isolation anchor west headed south join convoy west sailed june convoy consisting author called north_atlantic shipping pool reached normandy day days day landings reports ships traveled cover darkness stripped unnecessary equipment carried radios having signal lamp spare communication designated location ships position scuttled days heavy german artillery fire naval armed manned guns ships protect frequent german air attacks west gunners credited downing plane june harbor pilots half new_york bar pilots association according source carefully positioned ships west west ships sunk utah beach went june sunk west continued serve platform manned navy gun crews june army crews date west naval gunners awarded second battle star participation normandy landings


uss uss destroyer tucker class destroyer built united_states_navy prior american entry world war ship navy vessel named honor navy officers cousin commander richard son laid new_york new_jersey september launched june following year ship little feet length feet standard displacement long tons armed inch guns inch torpedo tubes powered pair steam turbines propelled knots commissioning sailed atlantic caribbean united_states entered world war april destroyer squadron sent overseas patrolling irish sea ireland unsuccessful attacks boats rescued survivors ships sunk german craft returning united state war resumed operations destroyers atlantic fleet decommissioned april transferred united_states_coast_guard help enforce prohibition patrol operated april returned navy sold scrap august design construction authorized sixth final ship tucker class like related brien class improved version class destroyers authorized construction vessel awarded new_york new_jersey laid keel september months later june launched sponsor miss descendant ship commodore cousin richard son navy officers died serving built feet inches length feet inches drew feet inches ship standard displacement long tons displaced long tons fully loaded curtis steam turbines drove screw propellers additional steam turbine geared propeller shafts cruising purposes power plant generate shaft horsepower ship speeds knots main battery consisted inch mark guns gun weighing excess pounds guns fired pound armor piercing projectiles feet second elevation guns range yards equipped inch torpedo tubes general board united_states_navy called anti aircraft guns tucker class ships provisions laying floating mines sources unclear recommendations followed ships class early career uss commissioned united_states_navy command lieutenant fred fitting philadelphia destroyer rounded cape june headed newport rhode_island load torpedoes joining division atlantic fleet destroyer flotilla following exercises near maine remained new_england coast mid september headed south gunnery tests training virginia completion fortnight gun drills ship returned bay massachusetts october later month operated newport practiced torpedo tactics near sound visited new_york pick cargo flotilla tender returned newport 18th days later resumed torpedo practice near sound remainder month boston massachusetts november extensive repairs navy yard refurbished destroyer got underway caribbean january steaming roads virginia reached island near puerto_rico 14th conducted war games exercises atlantic fleet course operations visited dominican_republic bay cuba later month carried assistant secretary navy franklin roosevelt brigadier general george commandant marine_corps chairman civil service commission port prince haiti following assignment conducted torpedo exercises patrols power trials near bay beginning march returned boston march short period navy yard march departed boston roads arrived april following morning response imminent threat war germany began search submarines patrol roads protect fleet naval bases days later warships relieved patrol anchored fleet mouth york river day april united_states entered world war world war spring submarine warfare campaign germany launched beginning february succeeded entire allied war effort endangered strong reinforcements allied forces desperately needed defeat needed response request royal_navy service american warfare ships european waters united_states_navy began sending destroyers eastward atlantic briefly patrolled roads heading new_york navy yard april boston arrived days later prepare overseas duty april destroyer departed boston company porter davis bound british isles division led commander joseph american naval unit sent europe destroyers reached southern coast ireland began patrolling southern approaches liverpool british ports coast irish sea reported german submarine sighted abandoned investigating drifting boat occupants finding sank boat gunfire reported torpedo missed destroyer yards astern fired rounds inch guns thought supposed submarine disappeared soon despite thorough investigation area destroyer turn evidence presence boat summer provided opportunities test sub killing techniques july member destroyer crew spotted purported soon claimed torpedo reported passed ship feet astern depth charged indicated position avail morning august brought oil depth charges dropped couple depth charges passed faint slick minutes later joined ships sporadic gunfire failed prove submarine area fall hand brought increased activity spending weeks september repairs near liverpool departed yard basin 14th return quarters hour afternoon watch received orders sending scene submarine attack allied nautical miles south southeast head ireland speed reported location began search boat conjunction british surface units near end second dog watch sighted submarine conning tower bow nautical miles charged attack submarine submerged immediately reaching spot submarine warship located oil slick began dropping depth charges failed achieve positive results approaching darkness necessity escorting admiralty forced break attack safety returned area attack patrolled night submarine apparently retired neighborhood days later searching boat area rock destroyer received word rescued survivors fishing vessel craft interview seamen revealed boat turned latest type germany action destroyer relieved lighthouse vessel fishermen continued search dusk headed land rescued men month carried conducting routine patrols action finally came morning october received orders head hunt enemy submarine arrived designated location searched hours clues boat location sighted submarine conning tower yards starboard bow enemy appeared maneuvering position torpedo attack submerged moment charged attack destroyer reached estimated location boat dropped depth charge mark spot warship followed maneuver systematic circular search radius nautical miles having found following morning gave shaped course ensuing months brought new encounters boats scouted areas submarines reported sighted engaged enemy occasion collided chicago city enter drydock day november repairs steaming generally south april sighted sail bearing west hull horizon time destroyer swung course sail disappeared destroyer steamed estimated position sail searched evidence submarine covering nautical miles westward came area marked number small oil chose promising dropped depth charges commenced fruitless search ended midnight received orders return continued operate june reassigned united_states naval forces france 8th reported duty brest french port conducted patrols remainder war patrols brought encounters enemy events note occurred june november night october sighted appeared submarine running surface closer inspection object proved derelict carrying crew ton portuguese schooner captured german submarine sunk explosive charges took survivors saw safely port later evening november heavy winds brest caused destroyer drag anchor struck failed pull loose concord took finally managed warship towed brest hostilities ended november returned home early resume duty atlantic fleet destroyers operated east_coast caribbean decommissioned philadelphia pennsylvania destroyer remained reserve spring coast guard career january prohibition instituted law united_states soon smuggling alcoholic coastlines united_states widespread blatant treasury department eventually determined united_states_coast_guard simply ships constitute successful patrol cope problem president authorized transfer navy coast guard old destroyers reserve commission activated acquired coast guard april second group augment original moved boston remained july got underway connecticut coast reached new london days later 30th commissioned coast guard warship retained serving coast guard patrol suppress illegal alcoholic served new london summer january headed south charleston south_carolina conducted gunnery practice february returned north boston january headed south gunnery practice time florida succeeding years january late march returned month target practice afterward resumed duties new_england coast permanent duty station changed new_york reported end week june summer normal operations warship began target practice roads september navy duty cuba duty interrupted 9th orders report duty navy area florida series revolts cuba finally resulted beginning year rule november released duty navy ordered new_york return coast guard duty arrived days later resumed duties coast guard march 14th departed station new_york arrived philadelphia following day decommissioned coast guard march return navy disposal april commandant 4th naval district took possession navy reinstated navy list briefly struck july august sold michael inc brooklyn new_york scrapping


uss massachusetts uss massachusetts known big world war battleship second south class seventh ship united_states_navy named honor sixth state ships class sister alabama donated use museum ship massachusetts distinction having fired navy shells war world war massachusetts initially assigned duty atlantic fleet successfully crippled french battleship jean gun duel operation torch transferred pacific fleet massachusetts participated solomon islands campaign philippines campaign campaign took battle gulf ships assigned shell targets largest japanese home islands following end world war massachusetts involved routine operations coast eventually reassigned atlantic fleet decommissioned laid reserve fleet norfolk virginia stricken naval vessel register effort spare battleship scrapping citizens massachusetts resources raise money transfer massachusetts memorial committee navy formally donated battleship committee massachusetts towed battleship cove fall river massachusetts formally opened museum ship august construction massachusetts fast battleships south class authorized construction united_states congress keel laid july fore river shipyard massachusetts launched september sponsored charles francis adams wife secretary navy commissioned boston massachusetts captain francis command massachusetts main battery consisted caliber mark guns triple turrets superfiring turrets forward turret mounted aft main superstructure capable firing pound armor piercing mark shells secondary battery consisted caliber guns hit targets miles away defense air strikes massachusetts fitted anti aircraft battery machine guns caliber guns wholesale shift air power dawn world war came gain maintain air superiority order protect growing fleet allied aircraft carriers end war massachusetts sported array quadruple anti aircraft guns atlantic operations cruise massachusetts set sail united_states october days later joined task force forming support invasion north_africa served flagship admiral henry kent operation torch early morning november naval battle began lying city massachusetts heavy cruisers destroyers came fire guns shore battery hank american ships responded jean incomplete french battleship forced sail saint escape advancing axis forces engaged jean quadruple turrets installed having guns lost torpedo attack shipment france massachusetts began firing range continued seven minute halt total thirty varying guns fired rounds hit jean disabled operational turret struck docks merchant ships sinking help heavy cruiser massachusetts targeted french destroyers sinking light cruiser shore batteries shelled ammunition dump massachusetts hit twice battery hank sustained superficial damage end engagement fired rounds inch ammunition carried complement cease fire headed united_states november prepared deployment pacific pacific war massachusetts arrived new march months operated south pacific protecting convoy lanes supporting operations solomon islands november sailed aircraft carrier group striking gilbert islands december massachusetts fast battleships uss indiana uss north_carolina uss south uss washington uss alabama bombarded island enemy producing center causing severe damage shore installations navy drove steadily pacific january massachusetts bombarded covered landings february carrier group struck japanese stronghold february raid inflicted heavy damage japanese aircraft naval forces proved stunning blow enemy morale february massachusetts helped fight heavy air attack task group raids guam took attack caroline islands late march participated landing troops april retiring massachusetts ships task force staged attack massachusetts shelled island mission sailing sound overhaul gun barrels worn august left pearl harbor resume operations pacific war zone departed marshall islands october sailing support landings gulf effort block japanese air attacks conflict participated fleet strike okinawa october october screened allied forces struck task group took battle gulf october planes group sank japanese carriers cape having stopped briefly massachusetts returned philippines struck manila december december massachusetts ships unexpectedly found fight lives typhoon cobra overtook force time typhoon massachusetts sailing fleet task group reported injured sailor planes lost result typhoon december january sailed struck supported landing time turned south china sea destroyed shipping hong_kong operation concluded air strikes okinawa february march 5th fleet massachusetts guarded carriers raids group struck air invasion island march carriers launched strikes massachusetts fired enemy attacks planes seven days later bombarded okinawa spent april fighting air attacks engaged operations okinawa returning area june passed eye typhoon knots mph winds june bombarded islands june massachusetts sailed july gulf join fleet final offensive japan protecting carriers launched strikes tokyo formed force july shelled japan second largest iron steel center weeks later bombarded industrial complex returned blast august massachusetts fired probably shell fired combat world war post war museum ship war massachusetts sailed sound overhaul september left january operations california coast leaving san_francisco california roads arriving april decommissioned march enter atlantic reserve fleet norfolk virginia stricken naval vessel register june stricken approximately tons equipment stripped massachusetts use naval vessels including driven launch float planes big known saved scrap pile veterans citizens commonwealth massachusetts assistance massachusetts raised preservation transferred non profit massachusetts memorial committee june battleship cove fall river massachusetts august bay state memorial gave lives world war 1980s reagan administration ship navy plan recommissioned iowa class battleships navy recovered large amounts specialized equipment spare parts storage aboard massachusetts despite parts iowa class battleships service massachusetts added national_register_of_historic_places designated national historic landmark january november massachusetts closed public advance planned departure boston scheduled undergo overhaul departed mile trip capital november boat moving hope newport bridges coast boston arrived november entered boston drydock number inspection determined battleship need additional steel plating hull water line protect sea water addition survey located leaking identified need remove battleship propellers repair purposes months massachusetts underwent repairs correct problems including addition nearly pounds steel hull addition compound known red hand protect hull deterioration march massachusetts emerged dry docking period returned tow battleship cove arriving berth march crowd citizens dignitaries veterans civic officials massachusetts listed good condition remains world war era configuration held year ship decommissioned annual reunion taking place june uss massachusetts remaining battleships donated use museum ships battleships uss alabama uss iowa uss missouri uss new_jersey uss north_carolina uss texas uss wisconsin tour program board massachusetts evolved years late 1960s early 1970s guided tours mid-1970s visitors given radio receiver listen pre recorded presentation different areas ship today interpretation provided signage interviews experiences working different areas ship areas ship dedicated specific purposes boat exhibit massachusetts war memorial lists service member massachusetts died second world war officer use bar open visitors years ship open public areas ship accessible public thanks efforts volunteers navy veterans second world war ship overnight facilities youth groups awards honors american campaign medal european african middle eastern campaign medal battle star pacific campaign medal battle stars world war victory medal navy occupation medal asia philippine presidential unit citation philippine liberation medal massachusetts received battle stars world war service result participation operations north_africa gilbert marshall islands campaigns operations battles okinawa navy sailors marines killed action aboard battleship war


uss alaska uss alaska lead ship alaska class large cruisers served united_states_navy end world war ships class completed followed guam ships ordered completed end war alaska vessel navy named territory alaska laid december days outbreak war launched august new_york corporation new_jersey commissioned june armed main battery guns triple turrets speed mph commissioned late war alaska saw relatively limited service participated operations okinawa february july including providing anti aircraft defense carrier task forces conducting limited shore bombardment operations shot japanese aircraft okinawa including possible piloted missile july august participated sweeps japanese shipping east china yellow seas end war assisted occupation korea transported contingent army troops united_states decommissioned february placed reserve remained stricken sold scrapping following year construction alaska authorized fleet expansion act july ordered september december laid new_york new_jersey launched august sponsored wife governor alaska fitting work effected ship completed june commissioned navy june command captain peter ship feet inches long overall beam draft displaced long tons designed long tons combat load ship powered shaft general_electric geared steam turbines oil fired boilers rated shaft horsepower generating speed knots mph ship cruising range nautical miles speed mph carried pair steam mounted amidships ship armed main battery inch mark guns triple gun turrets superfiring pair forward aft superstructure secondary battery consisted inch dual purpose guns twin turrets placed centerline superfiring main battery turrets fore aft remaining turrets placed corners superstructure light anti aircraft battery consisted mounted guns single mounted guns pair gun directors aided gun laying main battery directors controlled inch guns director aided guns main armored belt thick gun turrets thick faces main armored deck thick service history commissioning alaska steamed roads escorted destroyers simpson ship deployed cruise chesapeake_bay caribbean trinidad cruise escorted destroyers completing cruise alaska returned philadelphia navy yard minor alterations including installation fire control directors inch guns november left philadelphia company destroyer thomas bound weeks sea trials bay cuba december left cuba pacific panama canal days later reaching san_diego december gun crews trained shore bombardment anti aircraft fire pacific deployment january alaska left california hawaii arriving pearl harbor january participated training assigned task group departed january task group reached february merged task group task force fast carrier task force task group assigned provide anti aircraft defense aircraft carriers alaska assigned carriers enterprise fleet sailed japan february conduct air strikes tokyo surrounding airfields japanese attack fleet operation alaska transferred task group assigned support assault served screen carriers nineteen days time return fuel supplies alaska remained battle okinawa assigned screen carriers fleet left march reached operational area southeast days later air strikes okinawa began day claimed japanese aircraft destroyed ground alaska finally saw combat japanese launched major air strike american fleet anti aircraft gunners destroyed bomber attempting crash shortly alaska warned american aircraft vicinity minutes later gunners spotted unidentified aircraft approaching thought threatening manner shot turned fighter pilot later afternoon alaska shot second japanese bomber following day carrier franklin badly damaged bomb hits alaska sister guam cruisers destroyers detached create task group escort crippled franklin voyage port bomber attacked franklin ships unable shoot gunfire inch guns accidentally caused flash burns men standing nearby casualties suffered crew war alaska took role fighter director anti air search radar fighters intercept destroy heavy fighter march ships reached alaska detached rejoin returning unit alaska continued screen aircraft carriers okinawa march detached conduct bombardment joined guam light cruisers destroyer squadron night march fired inch shells inch rounds island ships rejoined point returned okinawa support landings began april evening april alaska shot japanese plane assisted destruction claimed piloted rocket bomb april ship shot aircraft assisted rest month heavy anti aircraft fire succeeded driving japanese bombers alaska returned resupply arriving assigned reorganized carrier task force fleet returned okinawa alaska continued anti aircraft defense role june guam bombarded steamed san bay gulf rest maintenance ship remained june july assigned cruiser task force sister guam command rear admiral francis low july alaska guam conducted sweep east china yellow seas sink japanese shipping vessels limited success returned fleet july joined major raid included battleships escort carriers estuary river shanghai operation met limited success post war operations course service world war alaska awarded battle stars august alaska left okinawa japan participate 7th fleet occupation force arrived korea september supported army operations september left china arriving following day supported 6th marine division november returned army soldiers operation magic carpet mass millions american servicemen asia europe alaska left contingent soldiers bound san_francisco reaching san_francisco left atlantic panama canal december ship arrived boston navy yard december preparations place ship reserve left boston february new_jersey reserve arrived following day august removed active service decommissioned february conversion proposals bureau ships prepared feasibility studies alaska guam suitable converted guided missile cruisers study involved removing guns favor different missile systems million seen costly second study conducted study left forward batteries triple turrets dual turrets place added reduced version plan aft cost million seen cost result conversion proposal abandoned ship instead stricken naval registry june june sold division brothers broken scrap awards


john barry john born august canadian professional ice hockey centre played national hockey league pittsburgh toronto maple tampa bay lightning standout player boston university school time leading scorer buffalo selected supplemental draft chose offer contract signed flint spirits international hockey league season named rookie year valuable player leading league scoring career halted diagnosed non attempted brief comeback month battle disease awarded bill memorial trophy retiring serve assistant coach year lightning played star games career joined brother car business leaving game briefly operated forced close automotive industry crisis early life born ontario august children barry father brian ray played brothers played father pressured preferring enjoy game elder brother terry considered prospect terry career ended suffered broken neck hit boards college game brother highly sought american universities john received scholarship offers choosing play boston university time mother diagnosed skin cancer following death early freshman year contemplated returning ontario home convinced father continue school hockey game cope loss dedicated game played mother memory felt inspiration drew mother battle allowed better player playing career standout named east_coast athletic conference rookie year leading team scoring points national hockey league passed went entry draft named hockey east star teams national collegiate athletic association east second team american graduated time scoring leader points named hockey east 25th anniversary team passed entry draft finally selected buffalo supplemental draft failed offer contract signed flint spirits international hockey league season led league points scoring goals won james memorial trophy league valuable player sharing memorial trophy rookie year outstanding season flint caught attention pittsburgh signed contract league minimum passing superior contract offer buffalo remained upset released year national hockey league debut appearing games scoring points given greater role following year mario missed games injury responded scoring goals points finish team scoring additionally played team canada world championship scoring points games best season team offensive centres scored points games played star game returned missing additional games injury playing time production declined needs led complete blockbuster trade march sent jeff parker exchange time leading scorer ron francis grant turned deal concerned giving leadership abilities teammates credited primary reason playoff position time trade happened won stanley cup season later said broke heart able share championship worked overcome team fans disappointment losing francis fans initially dissatisfaction trade scored points regular season games finish season points combined team best player round loss boston stanley cup playoffs initially accepted invitation join canadian team canada cup subsequently chose participate contract expired leading greater insurance concerns contract season began missed games signing year deal worth total million returned score points games season represented team star game midway season sent toronto maple toronto second round selection entry draft excited play father old team injuries reduced ability perform significant injury disc neck doctors initially feared end career neck allowed return play contract toronto chose sign following season returned season tony convinced sign tampa bay lightning enjoyed immediate success alexander trio combined score points helped lead lightning playoff appearance franchise history eliminated philadelphia games led team playoff scoring goals assists lightning looked improve leading team scoring suffering flu like symptoms shake tampa fighting playoff spot played condition weeks cancer comeback months quietly dealing symptoms wife finally called team trainers asked check illness team took ray found large black shadow chest underwent cat scan revealed baseball sized diagnosed having non diagnosis ended season immediately began treatments quickly reduced cancer gone september test prior training camp revealed cancer cells body missed entire season continued battle disease teammates wore uniform patch support year day treatments wife hospital corridor went cardiac arrest requiring doctors use revive underwent bone briefly reduced immune system point little human contact examination april revealed cancer finally gone immediately began training comeback lightning signed year contract season played game nearly months september exhibition game lightning austria scored game winning goal victory said sat bench disbelief given second chance named roster greeted loud standing ovation fans tampa bay introduced prior season opening game appeared lightning games evident lost speed strength lightning assigned cleveland gave option retiring taking position assistant coach chose accept giving month determine continue playing appeared games cleveland game chicago wolves tied record scored seven points victory bout led fear cancer returned tests came negative spending time family realized family interested returning cleveland announced retirement november accepted lightning offer assistant coach recognition comeback attempt named winner bill memorial trophy dedication renamed comeback player year award john award lightning head coach terry crisp stated publicly player stood special saying john beat cancer came play helped win ice wife daughters kennedy twins unwilling spend time away family left lightning settled atlanta area joining brother car georgia expected car dealer hockey career father brother worked industry brother years bought dodge georgia owned years closed recovery plan response automotive industry crisis returned brother serving general manager battle cancer inspired cancer centre partner lightning raise awareness money cancer research joined cause winter creating hockey fights cancer program raise money research spent time promoting initiative prior marrying wife john dated future wife john kennedy met attending university boston career statistics regular season playoffs international awards namesake john award previously given key players


brooks brooks born june canadian ice hockey player currently playing toronto maple national hockey league originally drafted ottawa senators entry draft later traded washington capitals package peter playing professionally spent time western hockey league playing jaw warriors seattle represented canada internationally capturing silver medal world junior championships playing canada world hockey championships hockey career minor started playing minor hockey hometown season scorer valuable player aaa runner league mvp junior started junior hockey career jaw warriors western hockey league season played games warriors scoring goals adding assists dedicated student jaw awarded club player year season season drafted ottawa senators sixth round overall entry draft started season warriors traded seattle deal unpopular warriors fans left club reported spent rest junior career started develop offensive game finishing season points games played seattle said getting traded seattle good coach dean providing ample opportunities display skills named team dedicated player season offensive game flourished season finished season goals assists leading team stats placed sixth overall points race named western conference mvp named western conference star team canadian hockey league star team professional attended ottawa senators training camp season played professional game american hockey league senators national hockey league debut senators february new_jersey later season traded washington capitals second round draft pick peter deal ended year career capitals trade reported capitals affiliate portland pirates making debut capitals march chicago finished season playing pirates appearing playoff games saw spend entire season pirates playing games finishing eighth team scoring goals assists season played regular season playoff games capitals new affiliate bears tied games played organization gordon training camp started season optimistic chances play saying got work hard spots guys injury want guy called spent season level playing games recording points capitals season rejoined bears playoff run scored goals games helping team capture cup played entire season capitals scoring goals adding assists season capitals went salary arbitration awarded year contract worth played games capitals season set career highs goals assists points goals ranked overall team led capitals short handed goals played career regular season game goal game atlanta summed philosophy scoring want money bank want bread want goals net playoffs game point streak eastern conference quarter finals philadelphia tied longest point streak round playoffs restricted free agent season signed year deal team july season saw play games capitals set new career highs goals assists points scored goals added assists breaking point plateau time career capitals playoff run played games added seven points assisted overtime winning goal game eastern conference semi final eventual stanley cup champions pittsburgh streak consecutive games played broken season missed games injury february managed set new career highs goals assists february shortly returning injury recorded career hat trick montreal playoffs scored goal capitals season game montreal season capitals participated winter classic pittsburgh field pittsburgh leading game teams featured hbo offered scenes look teams prepared refused blame presence cameras team losing streak saying hbo cameras annoyance like excuse don think hbo played bit things gone weeks opportunities afforded outdoor game happy able share time family friends outdoor set field june signed year million contract extension worth million season player representative washington capitals negotiations stated support national hockey league players association point dig heels fight don time happens makes aggressive players understand believe cause leadership believe unified time ready fight prior start shortened playing season played switzerland national_league games posted goals total points reportedly suffered groin injury limited play return play resumed season limited games march capitals announced twitter underwent successful procedure release tight groin muscle expected miss rest season recovery time weeks minor shoulder injury resulting missing games returned health finished seven goals points games played season offensive production rapidly declined million cap hit stuck adverse aspects league leading capitals squad february capitals placed purpose sending bears following day eve trade deadline connor second round selection draft traded toronto maple exchange daniel fifth round pick draft purpose trade capitals salary cap relief use younger core player contracts needed signing following season capitals brian called trade asked hardest thing general manager team longest active professional washington area athlete time trade concluding service years franchise easily stands emotional trade capitals history dealt washington package peter journalist wrote ironic money ultimately forced caps guy loves game probably play free play improved significantly toronto recording identical numbers scored washington playing games international play debuted team canada world junior championships held halifax nova_scotia game sweden scored canada goal tournament scored goals added assists games tournament canada won silver medal according father son dreamed playing canada experience team canada came world championships scored goal seven games canada finished seventh tournament game russia raised capitals teammate cross checking alexander said play brooks constantly trying slash cross check painful sic possible game certainly wished luck victory world championship unpleasant impression remains playing style capitals head coach bruce believed reached potential saying don think seen best brooks think going goal scorer league staple said considered hardest working players capitals roster coaches teammates inspiration comes father year tenure high school principal missed days work plays capitals power play kills penalties addition ice time strength superstar alexander capitals current captain lauded leadership considered formal role team leadership structure hard worker dedicated team saying asked family talk forever love way feel team team life love playing passionate playing hockey easy talk said going find guy cares brooks spends time season power skating instructor feels key long career personal life siblings older sister younger brother father worked high school teacher principal free time plays guitar colorado star joe favorite player growing actively involved charity work supporting charities related multiple athletes playing junior hockey helped hometown raise money purchase local arena received national media attention stopped help stranded capitals fans change flat tire game loss playoffs came woman daughter stranded roosevelt bridge stopped install spare apologized club early loss playoffs efforts hockey analyst michael nominee sports_illustrated year asked incident responded big deal tire lady stranded road saw lady daughter figured tire expertise february revealed started dating professional dancer actress august officially announced engaged career statistics regular season playoffs statistics source international statistics source


ice hockey patrick joseph alexander march january canadian professional ice hockey played seasons quebec hockey club season played montreal noted protecting area net aggressively stick opposing players tobacco won stanley cups quebec inducted hockey hall_of_fame early life began playing ice hockey age local quebec team age changed schools school quebec city ice hockey team age helped new club win intermediate championship playing career began playing career quebec hockey club canadian amateur hockey league seasons appeared games winning season quebec hockey club joined eastern canada amateur hockey association years appeared games won lowest goals average season span season joined montreal stars canadian hockey association league folded joined national hockey association season posted record games letting goals season rejoined quebec year quebec finished league winning games letting goals season went games goals average won brien cup stanley cup finishing best record league stanley cup challenge maritime professional hockey league quebec won game second game finished goals average jack mcdonald joe combined quebec goals quebec won stanley cup season went regular season games shutout goals average quebec repeated brien cup winners stanley cup challenge playing sydney miners quebec repeated champions winning game series game quebec won scored goals second quebec emerged margin victory winning finished career retiring season played seasons played games winning career teams losing records winning percentage barely hockey legends recalls best elected hall_of_fame help senator power teammate earliest starting senior hockey venture playing style stand style considered big era era allowed drop ice saves style suited especially noted aggressive defense area net stick slash opposing players reach tobacco ice favorite tactic opposing players stick work described attempts slash players heads lightning strokes blade wore claiming kept warm cold arenas kept catch shots post retirement retired season age proud built house ice hockey earnings cost custom house builder continued career years age interviewed playing days contemporary noted stanley cup wins ottawa senators later life avid follower quebec aces inducted quebec hockey hall_of_fame inducted hockey hall_of_fame died january statistics regular season stanley cup finals