isle small village located south isle approximately kilometres north west village nearest town addition minutes away neighbouring small villages forms civil parish according census data total population village variety stone housing modern housing recent completed small size led close community range amenities including garage year old church oldest pub island dating 15th century post office recently located new premises inside church bell tower trout farm located lakes covering acres waters stocked named white inside village pictured visited medieval times dressing occurs annually summer old water standards seen built william half cost installing wells covered william remainder people village water supplied ward spring land history white derived old english word meaning clean pure village likely spring reliable supply fresh water original white located south end village place holy site pilgrimage middle ages waters believed contain healing powers tradition dressing started occurs annually site year dressed blessed local vicar giving thanks water blessing village village red iron water pumps seen intervals built william prominent figure lawrence tomb lies graveyard located white road road high street road village buildings white horse pub date 15th century church portions dating far 12th century newer additions built 13th 15th 16th centuries comparison rest village new housing built relatively recently road latest new housing completed won award best kept large village addition award overall island best kept village award previously won judges competition impressed maintenance bus stops seats commercial premises gardens success new post office governance lies parliamentary constituency isle seat held conservative member andrew turner area isle council village forms civil parish chaired councillor john andrew parish council members ward ward council meets times year alternating venue villages geography located south isle slightly south extends southern shore island nearest town kilometres south village nearest village miles away form civil parish close village site lost medieval village located slightly north east entire village surrounded mainly fields classed area outstanding natural beauty forming isle relief mainly flat slight hills contains acres km2 land acres km2 land acres permanent grass acres woodland villages climate warm sea breeze coming coast benefits micro climate result sheltered location cliff island south coast offers village sunny days british isles fewer eastern originating north east island extends infant tributary point stone sheep wash present river trail set milestone outside white horse built environment characterised mixture stone housing mixture single story houses single story housing road recently developed small estate housing features centre village notable house village old close church bed breakfast church church mary church_of_england church located rising ground south end village adjoining church village parts church date different centuries earliest 12th later parts added 13th 15th 16th century april village post office relocated inside church bell tower kind actually located inside church amenities village wide range facilities local residents years gone include shops methodist church forge nursing home youth facilities left include post office village family owned post office closed later relocated new premises inside church pub white horse village centre popular pub island suffered fire years later saw temporary closure prior fires pub fire roof built attempt prevent future fires garage village garage named garage left island sell petrol excluding sells cars ford village hall host variety activities village takes place annually summer village small size small population amenities located outside village located slightly larger neighbouring village doctor surgery located nearby town transport rail station west branch isle central railway opened stations branch july equipped passing loop platforms signal box substantial station building located lane station located close village community intended serve unlike stations line track closed waiting rooms converted cottages old platform restored site popular tourist destination holiday accommodation old railway tunnel outside village mushroom farm tunnel present lane pictured left leading station bus southern bus route links village towns newport including intermediate villages bus newport early providing evening service village seasonal island coaster runs village summer southern students school caused controversy bus companies taking small number students school roads roads exiting village road leading road leading main high street leads main road leading recently widened resurfaced cope larger number cars caused controversy nearby residents reports cars speeding village sign later warning motorists speed exceeded mile hour speed limit later parts village walking river trail runs village milestone outside village pub addition maintained running nearby villages future plans pedestrian link main road


east east village east hampshire district hampshire england miles east miles south west west nearby east form parish village east road contains mary church horse shoes pub buildings golf course located west dean farm golf course east centuries village surrounding parish owned winchester college history archaeological findings fields west east reveal area visited inhabited era iron age dated lay summit king john hill east east romans built road passed hill green street lane village believed mentioned book multiple including 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 16th century centuries manor east held family associated marshall service connected custody forests alice according samuel robert held east performing office marshal survey said held marshal proximity period appears little doubt left daughters married robert gilbert marshal acquired office indicated dispute lands held virtue serving office holder fill dispute arose concerning inheritance manor early 14th century patent rolls noted result trial passed death widow john family recorded release thomas son heir john sir john knight right east manor thomas married daughter sir john nephew henry bishop lincoln owner manor documents indicate occupied village 13th century sir adam held property holding purchased winchester college increasingly grow dominate parish years holding later merged documents exist indicating existence witnessed john centuries village life centred old farm holdings manor merged old house farm park descendants families continue live village today old farm buildings exist naturalist gilbert white region including east natural history mid-19th century east parish owned winchester college estate early 1860s fell vicar village east underwent dramatic change renovation church additions hop local farms building new cottages form urban landscape village today hall financed lowering hill sections steep hill caused problems local inhabitants lay main road village parish council meeting took place shot nearby debris scattered nearby village west including church wall later inhabitants evacuated bomb fell field opposite manor farm removed royal engineers estate holdings sold seven tenant farmers retained land farmed sold remaining woodlands properties geography east located eastern central hampshire south east england miles south east situated feet sea level landscape dominated farmland woods warner wood wood south great wood monk wood new north vicinity small hamlet situated edge rock terrace chalk west village slopes abruptly adjoining east stream river east lodge hill king john hill site hunting lodge john king england situated isolated south east parish forest characterised narrow band base chalk seen lane leading west east north west blanket street connects village west mile south west east road meets road lane green street near main road passing village road leading road east nearest railway station miles north west village economy east contained roughly thirds population people lived parish houses area date century recent times numerous farm buildings converted housing industrial purposes according parish website significant industrial developments parish local economy based agriculture particularly cattle farming beef cattle sheep grain crops main sources income farmers area traded southampton history inhabitants retired nearby towns work golf important local economy golf course located west dean farm golf course east annual convention held farm nearby attracts numerous people surrounding areas red bug productions based parish cottages main road notable landmarks east contains grade listed buildings mary church transitional norman architecture grade listed building notable features include triple windows small pointed tower bells stained glass chancel restored nave rebuilt late restoration stone monument like coffin found floor church contained figure 13th century lady college oxford patron church school built site donated james 3rd baron east house grade listed building dates late 18th early 19th century storey house walls flat arches stone entrance located west features porch centre windows large interior house contains regency features staircase doors coach house metres north house listed building dated early 19th century upper wall centre boarded hay door slate roof today building functions garage workshop old house farmhouse lane believed parish authorities originally oldest building village current building dates 17th early late 19th century walls brick rendered roof apparently unusual northern half pitch sections half slate roof wing grade listed building manor farmhouse building grade listed building dates early 17th century alterations mid-19th century containing victorian window farm contains cottages dated 17th century heather cottage 17th century cottage 20th century additions rear hill noted roof believed named william heather resident mentioned tax returns listed building july public house licensed main features village rebuilt years later henry newman note house lane house west notable people alexander charles east john arabic scholar vicar east


new_england quarter new_england quarter mixed use development city brighton england built largest site city adjacent brighton railway station parts scheme finished sections built major aspect original plan refused planning permission site sloping main railway line brighton main roads home railway locomotive works goods yard century high density housing built time surrounded railway buildings 1960s area fell decline works goods yard closed demolished housing cleared left large areas derelict land attracted small scale redevelopment commercial enterprises proposals redevelopment 1980s onwards master plan granted planning permission brighton city_council site clearance work followed construction began new_england quarter consists separately planned areas called blocks master plan connected new altered road infrastructure pedestrian links land use includes private council housing styles configurations office retail space college hotel public space community facilities residential development aims meet high environmental standards green space provided railway land scheme attracted criticism sources certain aspects proposals particularly controversial planned storey hotel residential building block original plan planning permission later denied opposed local people politicians eventually rejected government minister appeal decision allow large supermarket branch built middle development unpopular campaign group formed raise awareness people concerns location new_england quarter central location brighton main urban centre city brighton immediately east railway station approximately mile north covers broadly rectangular area hectares acres bounded north new_england road leading seven area east london road south street leading downhill station peter church forming northern boundary north area west railway station associated sources measure site differently accordingly define smaller larger size given master plan history completion brighton main line london brighton encouraged high density housing development hill west london road area railway line station stood brighton steam locomotive works lower station goods yard locomotive produced works employed people manufacture maintenance locomotives london brighton south coast railway works associated buildings situated artificial plateau dug chalk slopes railway line works lower level lower goods yard beneath metres track level works extended pier lower goods yard point production lasted buildings survived time cleared way largest car park british rail southern region lower goods yard section street longer british rail early 1970s finally close land incorporated car park rest saw mixture uses small office blocks car houses adjoining goods yard demolished tower blocks built nearby north large multi storey car park built close church proposals forward effective use land mixed use development centred new square outside church planned included supermarket offices houses shops relief road designed traffic away london road environmental services department brighton borough council produced planning brief site october stating desire recreate area west london road vital urban mixed use links environmentally enhanced london road shopping centre north station desire use site potential increased city status awarded brighton largest site city development scheme urban economic development group profit urban regeneration designed developed master plan scheme behalf new_england consortium group companies interested parties overall responsibility scheme including network rail infrastructure ltd developments ltd estates development land originally owned british rail passed railway system mid-1990s sold new_england consortium initial planning application including new supermarket rejected council november rejection subsequently upheld appeal september asked develop new master plan site design statement published july granted planning permission brighton city_council end construction work site began july overview scheme scheme mixed use development consisting wide range residential commercial educational community buildings transport related infrastructure public space land divided series blocks identified letters different types development allocated letters residential areas scheme complete new homes available consisting mixture standard houses apartments able support population approximately people joint venture formed crest environmental project design group ltd acquire site blocks provide new homes including affordable housing stock mentioned homes mixture bedroom flats studios contained storey storey tower section development incorporate square metres community space include community centre square metres commercial use southern counties division major british developments responsible building city point section private housing development covers blocks south crest development block covers area square metres bounded partly new_england street course partially new pedestrian right way way blocks harvest forestry low rise building small dome shaped turrets corner previously stood block designated high density urban housing area consisting storey new_england street roof gardens small rear gardens new pedestrian route apartment blocks bedroom flats apartment block new ann square facing north retail units street level total area square metres housing allocated parking spaces block covering square metres block lies west block fleet street new main road new_england quarter contains high density housing residential units current government planning policy minimum residential units maximum density advised retail unit residential units allocated parking block bedroom bedroom flats bedroom flats bedroom single unit square metres designated use shop café occupied fast food restaurant apartment blocks block storeys height central area enclosed block developed courtyard block residential element large square metres complex block consists units comprising bedroom flats bedroom flats bedroom flats situated supermarket forms major component block flats arranged apartment blocks connected pedestrian route sharing parking allocated flats blocks storeys height height supermarket block mixed use block training centre street level residential element square metres area consists units bedroom flats bedroom bedroom flats bedroom flats building storeys high lowest floor training centre residential floors storeys incorporated tower corner parking allocated block blocks blocks developed crest environmentally friendly set apartments called brighton construction started autumn consists apartments beds total commercial space community facility scheme conceived enable people living working lead sustainable lifestyles blocks housing stock classified developers affordable housing managed independent housing association block consist housing retaining wall alongside road ground area square metres square metres allocated category office utility space residential elements development storeys high overlooking green corridor immediately east street car parking planned block street parking provided commercial areas square metres supermarket total sales area accessible public square metres forms major component block new_england quarter extends east west space block result sloping land point store frontage faces newly built ann square newly new_england street rear basement sub ground floor level car park spaces created beneath store linked service area loading bay extend beneath new road blocks ground beneath block new store opened march replaced smaller outlet london road opened seen little refurbishment original planning application new_england quarter site november block granted planning permission storey office development category addition hotel public open space office space reduced favour hotel space date outline planning permission granted new_england quarter development september square metres office space provided original master plan indicated square metres blocks block provided small space retail use hotels block ground area square metres granted planning permission luxury star hotel beds range facilities including restaurant swimming pool conference venue taking total floor space square metres spread storeys master plan states associated parking provided anticipated guests arrive train station immediately adjacent controversy arose proposal raised master plan approved principle build storey tower incorporating large number residential units facilities addition approved hotel skyscraper proposed organization british property investment company similar scale appearance recently built towers liverpool manchester birmingham architects allies morrison drew design criticism design height proposed location local parties people local community planning permission denied april organization lodged appeal public inquiry held november kelly secretary state communities local government responsible deciding council decision approve tower final decision site initially expected february inquiry eventually continued decision refuse planning permission upheld agreeing council original argument tower fit local area harmful effect surrounding conservation areas north church kelly stated proposal insufficient benefit terms regeneration area offer outdoor leisure recreation space future block site result days decision organization announced intended submit plans alternative scheme develop consultation city_council block acquired hotel group operated hotels inn brand sold portfolio houses star hotel built storeys offices public space floor area square metres meeting rooms similar facilities hotel built northern irish construction group opened late education community black minority ethnic community partnership grant aided registered charity ground floors block space community training resource centre block allocated community use area originally collection old buildings originally locomotive works subsequently uses camping goods shop furniture outlet building shops believed point employees works register presence day starting work consisted series bridges ramps poor condition blocks total ground space square metres consist accommodation study group international housing college preparatory college foreign students intending british universities embassy language school study group head offices residential accommodation students buildings contain floors teaching space including classrooms library total area square metres floors accommodation square metres approximately students catering area square metres offices college administration space square metres car parking spaces available beneath block staff blocks connected enclosed glass walkway early version master plan showed separate buildings site block incorporated block building instead request college car parking blocks development brighton station car park decks ground area square metres spaces disabled drivers pick drop point motorcycle parking turning circle situated car park entrance station new_england quarter completed work undertaken construction group based nearby contractual obligation provide spaces form specified proposals considered including taller multi storey structure floors smaller ground area construction works temporary car park provided land nearby relatively little parking site space facility supermarket partly retention london road multi storey car park located block london road residential areas particular dedicated parking spaces block spaces shared hotel office building disabled drivers master plan proposed including street spaces allocated office building changes road layout significant alterations underlying road network area roads downgraded expected handle traffic new routes built new pedestrian links cycle paths created largest change route new_england street favour new north south road fleet street west allowed large new_england street narrowed provided cycle lanes contrast expected higher volume traffic main east west route new_england quarter taking traffic london road fleet street main north south road new roads road road built west new fleet street railway line access car park college new pick drop point immediately outside entrance station new squares ann square new_england square created core site transport bus routes serve new_england quarter stops locations fleet street new_england street september following services operate route operated brighton buses runs minutes hourly sundays brighton marina rear entrance brighton station road route operated compass travel runs hourly bristol estate near area route operated brighton buses runs minutes rear entrance brighton station area close bus routes outside entrance brighton station london road direct pedestrian route road rear entrance brighton station environmental issues site east block consists stretch disused railway track time designated site special nature conservation importance defined locally important site nature conservation adopted local authorities planning purposes maintained improved create green corridor called run embankment overlooking new_england road northernmost point site blocks station northern section partly wooded home variety wildlife maintained condition housing developed crest joint venture intended encourage environmentally friendly sustainable lifestyles based lessons learnt award winning development south london developed trust partnership development group proposals include green lifestyle packs information residents solar panels communal wood burning boiler heat apartments provide hot water solar powered point electric cars roof mounted wind turbines community garden roof car club high proportion recycled materials construction criticism controversy groups expressed reservations criticisms parts new_england quarter development scheme aspects particularly controversial planning application storey tower block site refused appealed supermarket brighton urban design development campaign group set february response original planning application car park new_england quarter site initially created oppose protest original plans subsequently developed encompassing point contact issues relating new_england quarter stated aim stimulate encourage initiate sustainable urban design development inclusive process combat social exclusion generate schemes integrate social cultural environmental benefits brighton brighton council awarded group grant enabled register industrial society noting providing significant community benefit providing process disparate communities interest develop views involved planning decision making process held public meeting july approximately people attended voted original planning application submitted following months preparation petition effect submitted council months later marches rallies took place new master plan submitted approved action taken focused harvest forestry building corner new_england street time weekly newsletter frequently critical plans new_england quarter site regularly advertised public meetings protest events similar april demonstration organised outside store london road block proposals original master plan granted outline planning permission bed hotel storeys height property development investment company organization ltd recent years built high profile hotels offices buildings prominent city centre locations britain bought block november submitted revised planning application early sought approval mixed use development comprising storey building residential units category hotel facilities including restaurant conference facilities health fitness centre storey building retail units category residential units public square application rejected separate counts including negative visual impact surrounding listed buildings railway station church reduction quality surrounding public spaces lack provision outdoor recreation space negative effect surrounding loss sunlight nearby buildings failure consider fully impact transport reasons rejection supported people groups city regency society involved planning conservation matters brighton design statement overview analysis public realm core site site


town police council area angus scotland situated north bank east_coast population estimated making fifth largest town angus presence number class iii stones points having importance ecclesiastical centre early medieval period lands possession monastic order granted monks abbey early 13th century early 19th century remained small village grew rapidly expansion local textile industry considered commuter town closest city physically attached politically seen stronghold scottish national party represented local national european levels politicians town falls boundaries angus council city_council local constituency boundary fall angus council areas continues source debate public transport consists mainly bus services operated buses town served railway station station presently operates token service nearest major road town connected history generally taken derive hill deer alternative etymology monks land suggested holds appeal early status possession monastic order given years including publication edition ordnance survey maps early history earliest evidence occupation area surrounding dates period pits age found nearby worked apparently age found evidence settlement found period example monument identified near similar scale characterised mid 4th century enclosure found nearby near numerous stones cup ring marks found surrounding area approximately mile north lies laws hill lies iron age ruins fort ruins reduced stone walls estate construction drains 19th century little remains structure today tradition recorded walls foot tall beginning 19th century artefacts found site include quantity gold coins iron spear heads stone lamp found near laws hill lost known illustration crescent plate found grave incorporated later norse younger inscription find particularly intriguing light viking scotland domestic remains late prehistoric period found abundance area known point settlements age instance medieval history prior thirteenth century church lands possessions monastic order church endowed recently founded abbey angus lands south church reduced size erosion angus coins dating reigns edward edward found area present building rule church built originally incorporated class class iii early medieval sculpted stones recycled building stones including previously pre reformation building replaced stones removed mid 19th century fourth stone found adjoining garden donated national museums scotland represent latest era monuments dated late 9th early 10th centuries modern history remained small village comprising number turf early 19th century eighteenth century economy parish mainly dependent agriculture industries included weaving home start manufacturing oil water powered mill burn supporting small community later named harbour cargo loaded vessels sands relatively sheltered low tide horse drawn vehicles cargo nearby destinations 19th century village gradually expanded following introduction larger scale industries area including manufacture machinery mills james low robert set village start nineteenth century developed machine tow area growth textile industry angus business grew rapidly late nineteenth century james low ltd producing wide range machines processing spinning similar building machinery local use firm attracted orders world 1880s employed workers expansion industrial economy aided opening railway october railway originally intended local line constructed unusual gauge shared railway later converted standard gauge incorporated national rail system population registered sheriff court service introduced cars city centre regular intervals service welcomed travelled daily city business hundreds daily work factories mills gained cottage hospital provision reverend james young reverend young minister parish church death funds left establish trust managed cottage hospital opening passed control new national health service hospital closed subsequently mary residential home elderly world war cite red_cross hospital second world war production war supplies including bombs aircraft parts governance represented angus council ward elected members elected ward scottish conservative hands scottish national party rob murray scottish national party margaret labour_party town east constituency parliament united_kingdom returns member parliament house_of_commons westminster constituency currently stewart scottish national party angus south constituency scottish parliament significantly different boundaries westminster constituency constituency returns member scottish parliament directly north east scotland electoral region regards additional members scottish parliament constituency currently scottish national party status angus council long subject debate city arguing council order city_council tax revenues initial moves council annex boundaries nearly years ago petition signed residents presented parliament london successfully retained independence local government scotland act council boundaries city_council local government reorganisation angus council area district region years geography occupies position north bank east_coast scotland land immediately west miles miles miles town lies miles edinburgh miles london built area occupies roughly rectangular shape miles long miles wide aligned direction land relatively flat rising gradually elevation north town south town occupies southern parish south western corner county angus incorporates number villages including south town west county boundary village east miles rural land town village barry town rural area includes number including west golf courses golf course south southern railway peninsula lies ministry defence owned barry training camp land classified site special scientific interest special area conservation triangle land km2 position estuary river makes prone erosion position west east facing shores changed considerably years comparison ordnance survey maps mid-19th century present day maps shoreline retreating west shore advancing east shore north town runs lies farms north retail leisure park roman hill hill laws hill edinburgh railway line runs south town separating built area blue leisure area sites runs town east west barry western political boundary town marked west road leading south west roundabout cycle track goes west road seven arches burn railway high school grounds avenue place north south street river bank accurate demographic information complicated town inclusion locality census estimates population residents approximately population travel work study assuming figure angus ages holds represents figure people working age economy proximity key feature economy approximately working age residents work study small retail leisure complex north town comprises garden centre gym department store sells local produce shopping area centred high street variety businesses tourism plays small significant role economy benefited area associations golf golf links qualifying course open championship returned nearby golf links included country golf marketing campaign funded angus council promote golf area served number small hotels town larger hotels farm retail park forbes north town landmarks west town water begins hills runs miles east southeast meets mills known existed burn mill mill mill opened spinning mill industrial area oldest water powered mill angus mill category listed building suffered significant fire damage june initially mill permitted demolished april agreed angus development standards committee building saving demolition permitted demolition surrounding buildings way clearing way housing development mill smaller mills water mill remains water wheel machinery evident exact date building unknown local men recorded local newspapers mill category listed building continuing eastwards mill ferry road street town centre war memorial situated memorial dedicated built charles design includes sculpture angel warrior figure sword laurel house located street south road built opened public school today building houses offices opposite house north road hall hall built sunday school pupils adjacent rule parish church transport runs immediately north ways reach including links junction victoria street links park roundabout west road roundabout main road route leads westwards ferry eastwards named ferry road street high street street trains operated edinburgh line present token service stopping day way station west bound east bound buses operated route including number buses number early weekday evenings sundays operate regular basis stopping bus stops main road additional services operate hospital park including service stops park services buses provide online education currently primary schools located secondary school schools primary school primary school high school 1950s high school known big school located crossover high presently houses offices school board district approximately pupils primary school initially located mansion donated county angus 1950s primary school time miss booth old mansion september torn sits derelict position east existing primary school windows boarded grounds pupils play lie old school pupils teachers september high school founded area rural areas angus including school thirty years school facilities recently renovated including new windows extensions new community wing planned school allow local community involved school life sport leisure golf courses medal medal course qualifying course open championship golf clubs area golf club ladies athletic football club plays district youth football association players age play riverside park amateur football club play home matches club 1st 2nd team affiliated amateur football association teams play yellow shirts green shorts alternatively green shirts black shorts club sponsored local pub vault blue development opened cost incorporates adventure playground park putting green tennis courts public services surrounding area supplied water scottish water water supplied reservoir parts angus supplied electricity distribution scottish electric scottish southern energy group waste management handled angus council recycling scheme operation cans glass paper plastic bottles collected weekly basis material non material collected alternate weeks roughly thirds non material sent angus council site remainder sent energy recovery outside council area recycling centre located drive items accepted include steel aluminium cans cardboard paper electrical equipment engine oil garden waste gas bottles glass liquid food drinks plastic bottles plastic carrier bags rubble scrap metal shoes tin foil wood yellow pages angus council publishes details product processed glass bank car park angus council area recycling rate healthcare supplied area nearest hospitals accident emergency departments hospital primary health care supplied medical practice based health centre victoria street rest scotland served scottish ambulance service law enforcement provided police served fire rescue service people william fisher twin town france


small town somerset england situated dry point low lying somerset levels miles south bristol town district population census mile river street larger evidence timber sweet track town inhabited times lake village iron age village close old course river park approximately miles west dates bronze age saxon patron abbey dominated town years important england site coronation king england oldest surviving buildings town including tribunal george hotel pilgrims inn somerset rural life museum based old barn associated abbey church john baptist dates 15th century town centre commerce led construction market cross canal street railway station largest station original somerset joint railway valley living landscape conservation project managed somerset wildlife trust nearby wall national nature reserve described new age community attracts people new age beliefs notable myths legends related concerning joseph holy king arthur joseph said arrived stuck staff ground presence landscape town suggested evidence discovered festival held nearby village takes town history 7th millennium bce sea level rose flooded valleys low lying ground surrounding people occupied seasonal camps higher ground indicated people continued exploit natural resources started construct wooden included sweet track west oldest engineered roads known oldest timber discovered northern europe discovery year old prison tree ring dating enabled precise dating track showing built claimed oldest road world track discovered course digging named ray sweet extended marsh island ridge high ground distance close metres track network tracks crossed somerset levels built 39th century period track consisted crossed poles ash oak lime driven soil support walkway mainly consisted oak laid end end discovery sweet track determined built route earlier track post track dating years older lake village iron age village close old course river somerset levels near miles north west covers area feet north south feet east west housed people seven groups houses extended family sheds willow covered surrounded permanently certain times wooden village built occupied early roman period abandoned possibly rise water level built artificial foundation timber filled rubble clay park acre km2 historic park miles west dates bronze age middle ages origin unclear settlement recorded 7th early 8th century called element anglo saxon refer fortified place likely monastic enclosure element obscure derive old english word saxon celtic personal derive person group named hugh ross cites tale earliest inhabit abbey built patrick saint summoned king summit arrival mansion inhabited dressed king throne gold holy water mythology mansion glass receive spirits dead supposed depart summit chief reason chapel later church michael built high hill michael chief patron attacks monks believed fairy king numbered accordingly named mansion dead william gives old celtic earliest asserts founder town eponymous descendant saxon patron abbey crowned king death later year buried abbey southwest town centre village right suburbs 7th 8th centuries occupied small monastic community associated cemetery park granted king abbot park conferred soon king john remained possession park house dissolution monasteries park owned duke somerset sir edward brother queen jane family family sir henry edward born house private residence grade listed building birthplace sir edward died poet writer henry fielding william margaret chapel built street originally hospital later poor building dates roof hall thought removed dissolution building demolished 1960s grade listed scheduled ancient monument hospital mary plans announced restore building middle ages town largely depended abbey centre wool trade 18th century saxon era canal connected abbey river richard abbot executed monks november dissolution monasteries second uprising surrendered heard lord troops loyal henry vii camped early modern connecticut founded named english town settlers emigrated rumored originally called town mid-19th century changed match spelling england fact residents connecticut town believe myth based historical society records representation incorporated town seal somerset towns charter incorporation received growth trade economy largely depended drainage surrounding opening canal produced trade encouraged local building parish hides borough right modern history middle 19th century canal drainage problems competition new railways caused decline trade town economy depressed canal closed july lock upper section dismantled railway opened august lower sections canal given commissioners use drainage ditch final section retained provide wharf railway company passed commissioners filled central somerset railway merged central railway somerset railway main line closed district industrial production later boots shoes developed conjunction growth clark street headquarters street shoes longer manufactured instead redundant factory buildings converted form village purpose built factory outlet united_kingdom 19th 20th centuries tourism developed based rise association abbey town aided accessibility rail road network continued support town economy led steady rise resident population received national media coverage plants found town floral displays mythology legends notable myths legends concerning joseph holy king arthur long standing legends year study archaeologists university reading findings discovered connection king arthur queen created deliberately monks meet financial crisis caused devastating fire myths include visit jesus building oldest church england flowering walking stick study new archaeological finds leader found remarkable archaeological site new results reported abbey web site incorporated abbey leader study trustee said business destroying people beliefs thousand years beliefs legends history remarkable place legend joseph retrieved certain holy relics introduced french poet robert 13th century version story thought trilogy fragments later books survive today work inspiration later cycle tales account relates joseph captured jesus blood cup holy subsequently brought britain cycle reworked original tale joseph longer chief character origin joseph son took role keeper earliest versions romance holy mention blood joseph monks abbey claimed found graves arthur south lady chapel abbey church visited number contemporary historians including remains later moved lost reformation scholars suspect discovery pious antiquity foundation increase renown early welsh poem links arthur account confrontation arthur kidnapped queen according versions legend retreated abbey following arthur death joseph said arrived boat flooded somerset levels stuck staff ground holy said explain hybrid tree grows miles flowers twice annually spring christmas time depending weather year cut local anglican vicar eldest child john school sent queen original holy centre pilgrimage middle ages english civil war replacement planted 20th century hill originally mark festival britain following year attempt hill holy branches initially showed signs recovery appears dead new planted nearby examples grow including grounds abbey church today abbey presents traditionally oldest ground christian church world according legend built joseph behest house holy years death jesus legend says child jesus visited joseph legend probably encouraged medieval period religious relics profitable business william blake mentioned legend poem popular hymn jerusalem feet ancient time artist suggested landscape map stars gigantic scale formed features landscape roads streams field boundaries found situated held temple created idea prehistoric landscape fell independent studies examined tom liz standard methods landscape historical research studies concluded evidence contradicted idea ancient eye identified western wing phoenix road laid run older maps dating road predecessors cancer boat crab conventional western consists network 18th century drainage ditches paths paths preserved comprising area known paths match lines features support theory existence temple form conventional archaeologists said centre lines governance public services town council members based town hall street town hall built storey late georgian grade listed building local government district county somerset previously administered municipal borough district council responsible local planning building control local roads council housing environmental health markets refuse collection recycling leisure services parks tourism somerset county council responsible running largest expensive local services education social services library road maintenance trading standards waste disposal strategic planning town retained fire station operated devon somerset fire rescue service whilst police ambulance services provided somerset south western ambulance service doctors national health service community hospital operated somerset primary care trust opened electoral having total population mentioned falls wells constituency represented house_of_commons parliament united_kingdom member parliament past post system election member parliament conservative james replaced liberal democrats general election south west england european parliament constituency method party list proportional representation greek island geography walk distinctive tower summit partially restored remains old church rewarded mid somerset area including levels drained dry point metres sea level easy appreciate island winter surrounding flooded giving appearance agricultural region typically open fields permanent grass surrounded ditches willow trees access levels green lanes levels inland metres peak tides large areas low lying areas older age formations upper sand form islands include lowland landscape formed years following end ice age low lying damp ground produce visual effect known optical phenomenon occurs rays light strongly bent pass air layers different temperatures steep thermal atmospheric formed italian derived morgan alternatively known variants morgan described powerful antagonist king arthur queen legend mile river village street time king arthur formed lake south hilly ground stands lake locations suggested legend home lady lake bridge stood western end lake guarding south suggested sir threw waters king arthur fell battle old bridge replaced reinforced concrete arch bridge 13th century direct route sea prevented gravel banks near course river partially encircled south western north gap hills join river axe north route difficult officials abbey transport produce outlying estates abbey valley river axe flood backed flood time new channel constructed westwards pool north westwards mark valley living landscape conservation project based somerset levels managed somerset wildlife trust project commenced january aims restore recreate habitat ensuring wildlife enhanced capable sustaining face climate change farmers landowners continue use land increasing number landscape scale conservation projects wall national nature reserve kilometres west managed royal society protection birds new wetland habitat established consists areas wet open water peripheral grassland woodland bird species living site include river rises low limestone ridges north southern edge hills confluence small streams river worthy farm site festival small villages climate rest south west england temperate climate generally rest country annual mean temperature approximately seasonal temperature variation extreme united_kingdom adjacent sea temperatures summer months july august mean daily approximately winter mean minimum temperatures common summer azores high pressure affects south west england convective cloud forms inland reducing number hours sunshine annual sunshine rates slightly regional average hours december days sun recorded rainfall south west caused atlantic depressions convection rainfall autumn winter caused atlantic depressions active summer large proportion rainfall caused sun heating ground leading convection showers thunderstorms average rainfall days snowfall typical november march highest mean wind speeds june august winds predominant wind direction south west economy centre religious tourism pilgrimage towns similar size centre thriving supports large number alternative shops outskirts town contain shop factory site owned slowly redeveloped acre site old factory scheduled demolition redevelopment new light industrial park protests buildings reused demolished redevelopment site project established community development trust provide support local unemployed people applying employment starting self employment work related training landmarks according conservation area july approximately listed buildings structures town designated conservation area listed grade listed grade remainder listed grade tribunal medieval merchant house abbey courthouse rebellion trials judge serves museum containing possessions works art lake village preserved perfect condition village abandoned museum run antiquarian society building houses tourist information centre octagonal market cross built benjamin george hotel pilgrims inn built late 15th century accommodate visitors abbey open visitors designated grade listed building storey building divided tiers panels heads right centre entrance carved panels arms abbey edward somerset rural life museum museum social agricultural history somerset housed buildings surrounding 14th century barn belonging abbey storage produce particularly wheat abbey home farm approximately acres km2 carried barn built local limestone thick supporting stone roof designated english_heritage grade listed building scheduled ancient monument holy foot covered wooden cover wrought iron decoration natural spring constant use thousand years water issues spring rate imperial gallons gal day failed drought iron deposits water reddish dissolved surface precipitated providing waters hot springs nearby bath water believed possess healing qualities feet deep underground chambers portrayed symbol female aspect deity male popular destination pilgrims search divine feminine including modern popular world peace garden short distance site road known house lane found white spring temple created 21st century whilst waters touched red iron water white springs rise underneath claimed healing flow building white spring temple originally victorian built house erected local water board time outbreak cholera area caused great concern natural caves dug stone collection chamber constructed ensure flow quality water supply study flow water collection chamber shown builders tapped springs white spring judging high iron content springs appears small finds way house lane emerge white spring building reservoir water board soon discovered high content water caused pipes block end 19th century water town lying derelict years water board sold house maintained group volunteers water temple outside building tap visitors locals collect water white spring transport canal ran miles locks entered bristol channel early 19th century arrival railway 1840s street railway station biggest station original somerset joint railway main line junction closed axe opened renamed platforms services branch service wells station large goods yard controlled signal box site timber yard local company replica level crossing gates placed entrance nearest railway station castle direct bus route linking convenient bus connections railway stations bristol temple hour travelling time main road town passes wells connecting town street motorway roads town small run levels generally following drainage ditches local bus services provided bus national express local community groups bus services suffered cuts main routes bristol wells street education infant primary schools surrounding villages secondary education provided community school school students ages years named abbot abbey went archbishop_of_canterbury school built major building work cost million adding science block sports hall designated specialist arts college spent time paid performing arts studio facilities support students special educational needs college street provides academic courses aged adult education institution education college courses offers levels business technology education councils college provides university level courses university plymouth colleges network religious sites faith groups site religious importance pre christian times abbey founded dates early 7th century later medieval christian legend claimed abbey founded joseph 1st century legend tied robert version holy story connection king arthur dates early 12th century fell saxon hands battle king enriched community monks established said directed stone church built abbey church enlarged 10th century abbot saint central figure 10th century revival english monastic life instituted rule built new archbishop_of_canterbury great fire destroyed monastic buildings reconstruction began immediately lady chapel includes consecrated abbey violent end dissolution buildings progressively destroyed stones removed use local building work remains abbot kitchen grade listed building lady chapel particularly preserved set acres approached abbey gatehouse built century completely restored church rebuilt abbot richard anglican church linked parishes john church mary saints church village joint described ambitious parish churches somerset current church john baptist dates 15th century designated grade listed building church laid plan nave seven bays west tower elaborate feet metres second tallest parish church tower somerset recent excavations nave revealed foundations large central tower possibly saxon origin later norman nave arcade plan existing central tower survived 15th century believed collapsed time church rebuilt interior church includes 15th century tomb 15th century stained glass chancel medieval domestic centuries followed reformation religious denominations came establish meeting houses relatively small town remarkably diverse history christian places worship enriched fact movements saw break away factions typically setting new meeting places result disagreements leaving legacy require highly specialized degree study order chart respective histories places practice number primitive plymouth witnesses united reformed church high street built altered stands site ship inn meetings held 18th century grade listed methodist church street built interior typical non chapel period unusual number stained glass windows close church ancient pond later covered form brick arched reservoir mentioned property deeds accessible containing approximately gallons water methodist church street originally methodist chapel primitive methodist chapel built street adjoining house added minister chapel closed time number different uses described monastery prior michael soul therapy centre catholic_church lady mary built land near abbey statue based 14th century metal seal blessed crowned restoring shrine abbey prior reformation town gospel hall registered marriages place worship town listed mission plymouth witnesses originally occupied kingdom hall archer way transferred church lane subsequently present site old wells road april reported guardian newspaper according reception centre town seventy different faith groups groups attended special ceremony celebrate diversity held gardens april year pagan goddess temple founded registered place worship following year self described temple kind exist europe thousand years 22nd krishna festival took place sunday october krishna consciousness movement travelled town london bath bristol join locals procession long established held weekly private homes sunday month held margaret chapel street charity shop established supports missionary work africa shop opened came visit abbey declared spiritual heart england spiritual new age begin jesus return order formed particular significance members faith tudor pole founder trust earliest prominent adherents faith united_kingdom sports local football team town joined western football league division won western football league title times history changed town season members somerset county football league premier division cricket club competes west england premier league premier leagues highest level recreational cricket england wales club plays leisure ground stage somerset county cricket club class fixtures town route way south west culture described new age community communities grown include people new age beliefs novel charles entitled prince cornwall days portrayed setting chronicles trilogy books britain written bernard modern fiction setting including age series books mark appear group selected anglican priests safeguard knowledge gate john novel romance set concerned festivals series cultural events held summer festivals founded english socialist composer lawrence apart founding national theatre envisaged summer school music festival based principles strong connections historic prehistoric associations chosen host festivals recent festival performing arts founded largest open air music performing arts festival world named held worthy farm small villages miles east town festival best known contemporary music features dance comedy theatre circus arts enclosed area festival acres km2 live performances attended people acts played stages capacity expanded festival spawned range work including film album film movie dvd anthems children world charity grew festival based town known internationally children world international set churchill provide drama participation creative play work creatively educational settings providing social emotional benefits children particularly special needs children world international sister charity children world started work children balkans conjunction balkan save children run children festival august venues annual west country carnival notable people birthplace home notable people peter king 1st baron king recorder thomas process prevent juice born judge john represented county nova_scotia house assembly fossil collector thomas lived town 19th century religious connections mythology town attracted authors writer fortune violet mary lived buried old house home writer historian known works local legends frederick bond archaeologist writer german born writer public speaker spiritual teacher lived 1980s sanctuary claimed heard voice god subsequent instructions voice directed spiritual teacher spiritual teacher new age author best known founders foundation community high author books magic spirituality teaches natural magic lives somerset popular entertainment literature represented population moved birmingham established country national annual summer school music lead singer reef local members band band late wife churchill founders festival lived town author set work local area sarah fielding 18th century author sister novelist henry fielding lived town michael character actor appeared television series summer wine born conductor charles lives locally hosts play field music festival farm nearby bill moved writer radio broadcaster producer australian broadcasting corporation athletes sports players resident born town include george peter born twin towns france greece


lincolnshire village civil parish civil parish north district lincolnshire non metropolitan county east england old village church lie approximately miles south west centre nearest market town suburban housing developments new hill effectively link settlements bypassed connected lincoln newark king census ward incorporates settlement estimated population rural community early middle anglo saxon period mills river middle ages gave village bishop lincoln abbey held norman conquest family principal land owners estate passed marriage bristol growth victorian saw town parish boundaries old village remained small cluster farm buildings cottages history sale surrounding farmland successive bristol late 20th century led rapid development residential estates hill new original settlement low crime rates affordable housing high standards living access good schools attracted home buyers area contributing sharp rise population medieval church grade listed building lies heart old village remains hub anglican community village primary school serves local children continue secondary education secondary schools nearest railway station lincoln lines 19th century common employment agriculture half village population farm labourers residents employed wholesale retail trades public administration defence human health social work manufacturing history early scattered bronze age materials discovered nearby old known settled iron age occupied romans little evidence sustained pre saxon settlement archaeologists evaluating trenches hectares land village uncovered ditches number large collection pottery extremely rare evidence 6th 7th centuries site dated 5th 9th centuries representing early middle anglo saxon settlement noted size archaeologists concluded displayed signs typical rural community reflecting vast majority anglo saxon population lived analysis animal bones revealed sheep farming increasingly replaced pig site period small early anglo saxon cemetery containing uncovered parish medieval abbey granted manor lincoln monk book recorded abbey manor consisted churches local historians david concluded churches probably old abbey held manor held manor conquest granted bishop lincoln consisted half plus acres meadow mills separate village recorded archaeologists walker tom lane suggest alternative bishop tenants hugh held knight fee family prominent tenants village wife hugh died possession lands alexander william named connection documents henry knight held abbey granted lands medieval recorded book old english mill homestead meaning miller homestead reflecting importance built river owned mills existence represents largest cluster mills lincolnshire suggest specialised compact estate geared particular excavations revealed medieval pits pottery village ditches reflecting predominantly agricultural use land lay valued slightly average early later modern bishop lincoln alienated lands crown passed edward 1st duke somerset lord protector reverted crown treason mary granted edward clinton 9th baron clinton later earl lincoln sold robert acquired numerous including old new century passed marriage male line descendants later bristol return shows families lived village people took holy communion early 18th century gibson number families risen local historian edward recorded changes early modern period exception fire burnt rebuilt 17th century buildings exist bristol farmhouse rubble manor house widow occupied town fields enclosed map village drawn time showing settlement town road road rector field earl field north north east respectively time acres land allotted lord bristol place previously entitled mid century population old village declined aside church village included large farms cluster labourers cottages town road parish spanned acres village contained houses year wrote appearance small village lying cared church pleasing expanded houses built london station roads pushing town inside parish boundaries new parts worsened 19th century local board health charged improving living conditions lord bristol sold land hill board built pumping station transport clean water east town land remained possession bristol 20th century 1970s 6th son 7th sold farmland bristol estates office closed result boom house building especially fields 1980s hundreds houses constructed developments hill followed late 1990s low house prices crime rates good educational facilities new homes attractive local historian simon wrote began look like suburb village right july planning permission homes road granted north district council geography topography settlement south west market town north district lincolnshire proper town road road london road north road hill north east old village new settlements linked housing developments form suburb lincolnshire county council state environment report found roughly quarters lincolnshire low lying near sea level lies approximately meters sea level close lincoln cliff limestone running north south bedrock limestone belonging great group rocks formed million years ago soil belongs series type brown sand county agricultural land generally good quality result intensive vegetable farming predominant pastoral farming declined 20th century edge low lying region east england drainage 17th 20th centuries liable flooding draining revealed nutrient rich soils enabled land cultivated especially farming graded productive farmland country climate according classification british isles experience maritime climate characterised relatively cool summers mild winters lincolnshire position east isles allows warmer climate relative national average counties united_kingdom vary depending altitude proximity coast mean average temperature east england approximately highest temperature recorded region august average region experiences days rainfall winter summer days thunder days hail year august hail size golf balls reported parts central lincolnshire wind tends affect north west country east lincolnshire tends receive days gale year gale gust wind knots sustained minutes despite tornadoes form east england country experienced tornadoes caused damage property government politics lincolnshire parliamentary constituency encompassed county election people living new old qualified vote reform act widened franchise divided lincolnshire south lincolnshire constituency elected members parliament franchise widened reforms roughly males vote constituency abolished new north constituency merged seat reorganised north member returned north conservative candidate stephen phillips replaced douglas lincolnshire elected member european parliament lincolnshire south constituency elected members east constituency members east number reduced ancient parish lay incorporated poor law union public health act established urban districts usd usd turn reorganised urban district local government act abolished local government act statutory instrument civil parish successor merging new old civil parishes subsequently served town council north district council lincolnshire county council economy adult males worked agriculture quarter employed retail industries half labourers slightly quarter characterised middle sorts weekly market 19th century livestock market census largest socio economic grouping census ward workers lower tier managerial administrative roles followed intermediate semi routine higher managerial group comprised terms industry common based working sector wholesale retail trade including automotive repairs public administration defence human health social work manufacturing groups representing largest group working age persons economic activity time employment section population time employees self employed working age population retired unemployed approximately long term unemployment roughly aged unemployment survey lincolnshire found county experienced decline unemployment based preceding months county unemployment rate marginally national average demographics census ward estimated total population accounts roughly total population north civil parish abolished population statistics new parish absorbed divided necessarily correspond boundaries town population including grew fastest growth rate town lincolnshire attributed developments 1980s joint planning strategy report found growth largely result people moving area attracted quality life low crime rates relatively low house prices good quality education district population predicted rise compared national average county approved plans build new homes census revealed approximately ward resident population white british second largest ethnic group white asian including asian british followed white irish approximately black caribbean black british arab ethnic group represented population residents born england parts united_kingdom countries coming member states joined march people ward identified christian residents stated christian registered religion chose state group constituted population december november criminal acts reported neighbourhood town includes classed anti social behaviour making largest portion reported crimes recorded crime levels lowest country year ending june crime rate north district lowest lincolnshire crimes thousand residents religion 17th century old combined form ecclesiastical parish old parish boundaries old altered diocese lincoln rural current rector patrons alternatively bishop lincoln sir 7th grade listed church serves anglican community 13th century north arcade oldest church tower date following century listing reflects excellent 14th century windows chancel rebuilt charles restored church extension completed church census religious worship morning attendees came church afternoon sunday scholars family services held sunday month holy communion carried second fourth sunday wednesday early 1900s second church designed built donated land parish closer disruption world war parish boundary changes rising costs delayed plans instead church hall built road community centre current constructed house similar age rented church_of_england transport roundabout connects road passed bypass completed main route village road connects london road railway crossing continues eastern edge silk nearest railway stations railways arrived 19th century plans build boston midland counties railway sanctioned act parliament line opened boston connected great northern great eastern joint railway stop lincoln line line stop line roughly miles away road stops line major stop east_coast main line trains london king cross approximately hour minutes education house_of_commons education england found schools 1860s new emerging lack school accessible church cause concern bristol gave acre land western edge new london roads build school architect charles constructed school master house expense provide place adults children poorer classes old instructed doctrine worship church_of_england school operated national society recommended lines teachers pupils roll school accommodate children attached chancel school extended 1960s 1980s successor church_of_england school moved old premises new accommodation school voluntary controlled mixed primary school admitting pupils roll rated good served secondary schools sixth forms grammar school boys grammar school high school girls grammar school george academy mixed comprehensive school grammar schools selective pupils required pass plus exam george selective educational joint sixth form consortium george allows pupils choose subjects taught school


somerset town civil parish english county somerset lies road near devon border miles south west parish population approximately elevation metres southernmost highest town somerset forms district south somerset town book norman conquest held bishop wells town charter king john town destroyed fire damaged english civil war richard harvey exeter established known harvey hospital towns judge held bloody failure rebellion textile manufacture important town middle ages birthplace powered flight john demonstrated engine powered flight possible formed aircraft works witnessed demonstrations asked help formation aircraft development factory outskirts holds lecture yearly james developed articulated artificial limbs key point stop line world war defensive line canal boat canal built branch line created connect london south western railway bristol exeter railway main lines ran local folklore relates town unusual unique feature stream running fore street stream eventually flows bristol channel reaches english channel reservoir approximately mile north east town local nature reserve hill quarry geological site special scientific interest major employers town include international limited oscar mayer food processing plant range sporting cultural facilities secondary education provided academy religious sites including church mary virgin dates late 11th century history book means house chart rough ground old english norman conquest held bishop wells town charter king john bishop town laid holdings acre lots rent year parish town destroyed fire time town largely rebuilt including house manor court house fore street built house courtroom converted shops offices damage town took place english civil war sides resources particularly charles spent week town richard harvey exeter established harvey hospital rebuilt largely stone previous building towns judge held bloody failure rebellion men joined forces duke subsequent took place hill west town area finger post road sign spot painted red known red post commemorate executions mill town textile industry expanded town centre lace manufacture led manufacturers fled resistance faced english old lace factory fox factory examples sites constructed built corn exchange town hall hill small cottage originally toll house built trust 1830s collect fees road hill avoided steep gradient claims birthplace powered flight victorian pioneer john demonstrated engine powered flight possible work aerial steam carriage james pioneered development articulated artificial limbs produced man lost arm cannon accident museum display work key point stop line world war defensive line consisting anti tank obstacles runs north somerset coast near bomb proof bunker built branch westminster bank war hold duplicate copies bank records case headquarters london destroyed store emergency bank note supply bank england speculation crown stored confirmed action aid international development charity headquarters started life action distress supporters services department charity based governance reformed municipal corporations act remained municipal borough known municipal borough local government act successor parish non metropolitan district south somerset town council parish council status town responsibility local issues including setting annual local rate cover council operating costs producing annual accounts public scrutiny town council local planning applications works local police district council officers neighbourhood watch groups matters crime security traffic role includes initiating projects maintenance repair parish facilities consulting district council maintenance repair improvement highways drainage public transport street cleaning conservation matters including trees listed buildings environmental issues responsibility council town council reception offices building built corn exchange replacing earlier 16th century building situated perpendicular current road high street outside phoenix hotel dig high street late 1980s revealed original old new modeled grade listed building town council came attention national press mayor tony prior found guilty sexual discrimination town clerk ordered pay compensation banned holding public office months south somerset district council responsible local planning building control local roads council housing environmental health markets refuse collection recycling leisure services parks tourism somerset county council responsible running largest expensive local services education social services library roads public transport trading standards waste disposal strategic planning fire police ambulance services provided jointly authorities devon somerset fire rescue service somerset south western ambulance service civil parish town formal contains exactly electoral county constituency represented house_of_commons parliament united_kingdom member parliament past post system election south west england constituency european parliament method party list proportional representation germany april france mare romania geography altitude metres highest town somerset southernmost suburbs include park old town local folklore claims town unusual unique feature stream running fore street stream eventually flows bristol channel reaches english channel situation changed tributary axe diverted isle street flows river axe true lies watershed eventually drain bristol channel english channel hectares acres reservoir mile northeast town local nature reserve dog walking fishing bird hide having installed species spotted regularly include ducks wide range woodland include great white cattle spotted hill quarry acre geological site special scientific interest western outskirts site shows rock upper chalk containing fossil crustaceans unique exceptionally preserved making key locality study britain unit dated subdivision chalk known zone named characteristic fossils laid middle era million years ago caves recorded charter provided local building stone cave smaller quarry roof fallen cave feet ground exists remains supporting pillars left worked climate rest south west england temperate climate generally rest country annual mean temperature approximately seasonal temperature variation extreme united_kingdom adjacent sea temperatures summer months july august mean daily approximately winter mean minimum temperatures common summer azores high pressure affects south west england convective cloud forms inland reducing number hours sunshine annual sunshine rates slightly regional average hours december days sun recorded rainfall south west caused atlantic depressions convection rainfall autumn winter caused atlantic depressions active summer large proportion rainfall caused sun heating ground leading convection showers thunderstorms average rainfall days snowfall typical november march highest mean wind speeds june august winds predominant wind direction south west economy home international limited notable henry vacuum company employs people contrast competitors firm continues manufacture britain site occupies area hectares operates continuously producing products day large employers oscar mayer confused american company owned foods announced factory bought company group owns deal fell company announced job losses oscar mayer historically employed portuguese recently polish workers home ltd world oldest leading specialists design construction installation railway electrification systems notably metro light rail systems largest customer london underground purchases train born equipment infrastructure occupies site hill site old station store time writing august company preparing new purpose built building operations based early july company bought bringing rail group electric group transport terminus canal boat canal joined canal michael tunnels inclined planes mile length took seven years construct cost million 1860s town terminus railway lines opened london south western railway short branch line main line approached town south second longer line opened bristol exeter railway ran northwards close route canal join main line near operated company services advertised separate lines closed passengers freight traffic withdrawn years later station later known town opened single platform variously known joint central years trains continued town reversed connecting line resumed forward journey joint station new platform opened connecting line closed passengers january town station main goods depot town finally closed april passenger trains ceased operate central september private goods traffic october station building train shed stand use engineering companies town public transport links provided somerset bus route southwest bus route run hourly sport number local sport clubs town play football western football league whilst number football clubs play perry street district league rugby union club formed club runs senior sides playing currently south west west achieving promotion national_league south west april beating old playoff final hockey club established runs male female sides facilities cricket tennis golf pool league played number resident sports photographer vice chair camera club peter captures sports leagues area work published news sunday independent newspaper photographic magazines education original school building fore street built private residence william youngest son john conveyed property trustees converted grammar school according father wish community primary school manor court community primary school primary school primary school offer primary education academy offers secondary education school specialist technology college status pupils ages religious sites anglican church mary virgin dates late 11th century rebuilt 15th century tower contains bells thomas family stage tower string courses angle turret north west corner church designated english_heritage grade listed building church room built baptist church street built notable residents residence william samuel aviation engineer inventor worked fellow resident john achieve powered flight disused lace factory foot steam driven flying machine birthplace james pioneered development articulated artificial limbs corporal samuel awarded actions attack heights india campaign margaret labour politician feminist woman cabinet minister united_kingdom born andrew wright ancient mountain ranges landscapes underneath ice cap spent childhood attended local school prominent lace mill owner noted scientist second person world produce ray picture result interests photography publishing works royal photographic society journal known locally optical man work addition birmingham essex house medical centre high street chief senior projects engineer ltd sports technical imaging photographer peter noted cave explorers peter cox largest cave chamber far found frozen deep gorge


commonly abbreviated market town lancashire england situated coastal plain called united_kingdom census population evidence human area years ago archaeological finds roman settlement england found area time norman conquest small agricultural settlement church recorded endowed lancaster post medieval period town important commercial centre region weekly markets goods imported exported river town described metropolis commercial importance waned mid-19th century development nearby coastal towns administrative centre borough parliamentary constituency preston north urban area approximately miles town centre rail links preston bus routes larger towns villages library secondary schools school academy farmers market month october weekly market centre town history early history evidence human area building work nearby uncovered year old skeleton bone barbed points close hind bones time roman conquest britain 1st century area inhabited celtic tribe called 4th century roman coins found area near finds addition coins included medal similar little archaeological evidence anglo saxon activity area following departure romans local place names incorporate old english elements like suggesting founded period nearby examples recorded derived old english words pull meaning pool creek later years recorded variously district called added arrival penny post distinguish town sands village seven ancient parishes prior norman conquest possession earl brother king died battle bridge lands subsequently taken william gave anglo norman baron roger book area estimated contain land survey recorded churches later documentary evidence suggests probably churches michael dedication church 7th century anglo saxon saint weight pre conquest foundation possible built roger founded mary lancaster cell norman abbey martin endowed church land roger eventually banished country lands returned possession crown king richard granted walter 1st baron butler held death king henry iii granted son 1st earl lancaster time land owned mary increased 12th 13th centuries caused conflict local landowners land tenants monks cross sir adam supporters assaulted prior travelled taken beaten imprisoned investigation incident instigated king record survives compromise roads built land enabled prior tenants travel freely 13th 14th centuries land given abbey lancaster rented local farm workers land donated abbey abbey efficiently manage farm lands built alien control religious houses abroad dissolved church conveyed abbey middlesex 17th century civil wars townspeople fought sides men battles occurred close area affected rest county widespread poverty resulted wars interest stirred parish large spanish vessel dropped anchor coast ship movement days fired guns occasionally locals initially feared invasion eventually realised crew distress signalling help vessel carrying ammunition forces crew sick ship brought mouth river earl derby marched river ordered ship burnt spanish crew set free 18th century custom wealthy bury dead night following lamp lit procession town tradition lasted procession preceding funeral strong winds caused sparks fly carried buildings west market place low cottages roofs caught fire destroyed local fund raising houses eventually replaced brick buildings tile roofs 19th 20th centuries important centre trade area river able import goods far away russia north_america imported ireland baltic timber came atlantic russia records imported limestone liverpool coal preston cheese exported places 18th century markets cattle cloth held town february april november corn monday unclear point began life market town granted market charter markets held market cross probably dates 17th century industry widespread 18th century essential large warehouses owned merchants 19th century important industry early 19th century significant decline craft industries increased increased demand labour contrast neighbouring appeared suffer lack enthusiasm new industrial techniques opportunities industry leaders commercial importance affected growth 19th century nearby coastal towns building constructed new planned town miles north mouth river conceived local landowner preston member parliament sir peter major port link passengers travelling london scotland achieve ideals rail link needed new town soon heralded arrival railway area line connecting preston completed stops immediately superseded port customs house quickly moved initially benefited commercially rail link irish scottish cattle enabled cattle market held time developing resort years visitors travelled rail horse drawn line completed commercial capabilities developed prominence industry continued grow importance declined governance historically seven ecclesiastical parishes ancient division historic county lancashire total area acres parish included newton governed parish council parish superseded urban district today respect civil parishes following local government act urban district merged municipal borough rural district form borough town borough council administrative centre offices civic centre town governed locally tier council system lancashire county council borough council councils having different responsibilities area elections held lancashire county council years elections borough council taking place years years county elections borough elections contains elect borough council county division lancashire county council elections majority councillor county council recent borough election town elected conservative party including mayor david current leader council peter gibson recent county election town elected conservative party councillor town represented house_of_commons parliament united_kingdom preston north past post system election creation general election preston north represented parliament conservative ben wallace prior general election constituency lancaster town north west england constituency european parliament geography approximately miles northwest london stands feet sea level approximately miles north east approximately miles north west preston situated coastal plain approximately mile square peninsula town flat slightly raised ground approximately mile river miles irish sea 20th century town consisted streets surrounding central market place surrounded housing developments end second world war urban area adjacent close urban area land east town agricultural bedrock area consists particularly old rocks lie beneath sea level invisible beneath drift glacial till deposits post glacial deposits smaller generally temperate maritime climate like british isles cool summers mild winters annual average rainfall millimetres census urban area population population density female male ratio proportion residents classified white figure higher average north west england classifying belonging ethnic minorities lower regional national averages years old single married married divorced proportion divorced people similar north west england rates married higher regional national averages north west england rates single significantly lower national regional averages north west england households included person married couples living couples single parents children figures similar north west england aged academic qualifications similar north west higher england lower percentage adults diploma degree north west residents aged educational qualification degree higher degree qualified teacher status qualified medical doctor qualified qualified nurse health visitor compared north west nationwide population change typical rural agricultural settlements population increased decades 19th century decades town population growth slowed reflecting failure adapt changes industrial society economy 13th century economy largely agricultural centuries town commercial centre area goods river imports vital local industry particularly nearby industry beginning 19th century early century changes brought industrial revolution led decline craft industries new methods embraced local producers town suffered location far large labour markets following development new town port role major commerce centre waned time town market remained important local supply goods growing eventually overshadowed work william called metropolis time prominent near neighbours david foster commented description town longer ceased accurate rapid growth coastal resorts unemployment rate higher north west england market town initiative study noted level unemployment lower regional national averages business town centred industrial estate agriculture important locally workers employed agriculture hunting forestry compared north west england culture community group appointed borough council carried study countryside agency market town initiative health check action plan identified economic transport accessibility environmental social strengths weaknesses study noted town cinemas theatres museums galleries popular demand cinema weekly market independent retailers concern residents facilities young people library operated lancashire county council public spaces include jean memorial park park hall playing fields jean memorial park close town centre built grounds town sold council park enlarged parents jean child died age donated acres land town memory park includes crown green bowling green park park north west town centre built site railway halt curve features grass play areas hall playing fields west town centre include sports pitches cricket ground north east town includes way gala held annually june farmers market held fourth saturday month october borough council introduced return weekly market takes place centre monday drama local amateur group won numerous awards performed alongside royal shakespeare company landmarks town centre conservation area buildings structures town designated listed buildings english_heritage special architectural historical cultural significance include religious buildings structures market place houses market place centre width streets closed motor traffic lying south church surrounded shops square contains town war memorial market cross stocks post fish fish sold market days buildings surrounding market place rebuilt following fire 18th century earlier buildings remain south market place town houses built local merchants professionals public houses flourished early status market town important golden ball probably dates 18th century meeting place local court end 19th century town cattle market moved pub market place house pub existed built middle ages rebuilt mock tudor style identified town key landmarks market town initiative 19th century ship inn pub popular seamen travelling labourers locals 1920s working men club conservative club building constructed red brick red sandstone corner tower walls carvings ships operated café wine bar night club called cube religion church anglican parish church centre town bordering market place designated grade listed building english_heritage current structure dates largely century previous church demolished tower 17th century church constructed stone slate roof round norman style added churchyard mainly south east building noted display spring english reformation remained strong roman catholic influence parish worship particularly focused late 16th century houses parish known shelter family cardinal william allen prominent opponent reformation holding masses daily home nearby early 19th century roman catholic chapel built town john built north town road building attached constructed rendered brick slate roof designated grade listed building tradition time 19th century vicar donated church particularly chapel replaced larger church built metres south new building constructed rock faced red sandstone stripped style designed establishment group met room king arms initially suffered persecution locals built chapel church street second methodist chapel built chapel enlarged finally demolished replaced new chapel queen street church established chapel town use intermittent point building warehouse new chapel built census respondents gave religion christianity higher average north west england muslim residents respondents buddhist hindu jewish figures lower regional national averages people borough stated religion lower figure regional national averages transport development half 19th century led arrival railway preston railway dock company formed connect preston preston railway line completed railway station line originally situated road leading north branch connecting opened meeting existing line triangular junction tight curves plans underway tracks rebuild station fears local people realised train travelling fast bend killing people new station built railway halt called curve built use trains today stop line branch line lies preston north branch line closed passengers report association train operating companies suggested strong business case reopen line approximately miles west motorway linked roads preston lancaster town served bus companies transport coastal coaches provide links coastal towns villages river preston nearest international airport approximately miles away international airport annual capacity passengers north west england region served larger liverpool john_lennon airport manchester airport education secondary schools oldest dates 18th century local merchant james left money found free schools parish exist school rebuilt closed temporarily late 19th century reopening endowed school today voluntary aided non comprehensive secondary school sixth form pupils aged rated good report academy school comprehensive secondary school opened pupils aged rated outstanding school converted academy status primary schools town primary school john catholic primary school head primary school church_of_england primary school rated good outstanding recent public services water facilities provided united utilities distribution network operator electricity electricity north west home office provided lancashire police station national health services provided north west primary care delivered north lancashire primary care trust market town initiative noted general practices town including secondary care provided hospitals foundation trust acute medical cases handled victoria hospital north west ambulance service provides emergency patient transport