earthquake earthquake struck north central alabama october greatest earthquake state history registered estimated magnitude magnitude scale resulted extensive minor damage damage limited jefferson counties reached maximum severity near city including cracked windows fallen chimneys dried wells fatalities earthquake spawned widespread panic sending alarmed workers tall buildings earthquake originated eastern tennessee seismic zone fault noted earthquakes moderate magnitude area strike slip oriented probably alabama new_york runs adjacent fault scientists believe small earthquakes zone highlight deep ancient faults alabama seen roughly earthquakes beginning 20th century earthquakes moderate reaching magnitude tend cause damage near reaching areas away major events include despite lack powerful seismic events alabama earthquakes nearby fault zones including new madrid seismic zone pose threat infrastructure earthquake similar size event today damage thousands buildings cause billion damage background regional south central united_states moderately powerful energy mid continent earthquake extends times area similarly sized earthquake western united_states magnitude earthquake west rocky_mountains reaches miles magnitude earthquake eastern felt miles science failed explain phenomena discovered massive fault line running middle continent eastern coast recent magnetic surveys structure million year old strike slip fault starts eastern tennessee seismic zone runs eastern coast corresponds strike slip exhibited eastern tennessee zone explains presence mid continent earthquakes united_states clear fault definitely related mid continental local earthquakes alabama sporadic tend cause little damage year period earthquakes varying near damaging known activity alabama new madrid earthquakes registered vii strong northern central portions state february recorded earthquake alabama hit western state people counties following minor events threatening activity resumed late 1950s earthquake near birmingham extended northern alabama georgia tennessee cracking displacing small objects event smaller damaged chimneys wrecked plaster threw objects shelves tables recently events occurred county fort registering spawning shaking fort earthquake spread states wrought structural cracks geology earthquakes taken place alabama northern state associated greatest earthquakes lies near mountains major fault zones lie near alabama new madrid eastern tennessee south_carolina seismic zones new madrid seismic zone lies particularly close produced large earthquakes fault zone lies densely populated area major earthquake zone catastrophic geological survey alabama percent chance earthquake greater area shaking earthquake spread northern segment alabama southern system extends alabama poses moderate threat eastern central alabama responsible state earthquakes south_carolina seismic zone produced earthquakes powerful scale large earthquake originating easily reach alabama charleston earthquake example felt far miles recently active zone eastern tennessee produced small earthquakes including alabama earthquake originated eastern tennessee seismic zone active seismic areas southeastern united_states capable producing moderately strong earthquakes caused damage frequency non damaging earthquakes zone measures year produced faint earthquakes recorded earthquakes helpful highlighting activity faults detachment fault plane solutions multiple earthquakes area confirmed strike slip declining planes right left lateral movement occurs area movement associated north south planes right lateral east west planes left lateral mechanisms indicate basement faults recent faults basement faults probably converge strong weak produce earthquakes near earthquake produced measuring strong vii strong intensity scale away ranged iii weak light damage earthquake originated near city miles north birmingham striking local time earthquake took place alabama network scale magnitude estimate considered powerful earthquake state history affecting seven states deaths structural damage including cracked windows occurred damage chimneys toppled block area shaking wrecked fourteen chimneys including chimneys brick store collapsed city collapsed chimneys damaged repair cities chimneys lost bricks light damage occurred birmingham poorly built chimneys sustained damage damage reports included extensive damage wells wells cut underground supplies lower water levels common city lowered inches birmingham shaking prompted evacuation office buildings news article time reported sensation upper floors buildings similar standing deck vessel slight sea slight pitch suggestion roll threat united_states geological survey center earthquake research information university memphis seismic station birmingham advanced national seismic system facilitate monitoring inter state earthquakes tend moderate originate smaller fault zones andrew professor geological sciences university alabama believes state high risk earthquakes claims earthquake zone areas north alabama certainly going feel going damage major occurred zone close memphis devastating buildings withstand earthquakes places like san_francisco aware earthquake risks structures built withstand definition state earthquakes insignificant emergency bill feels skeptical major earthquake stating don believe major faults interface rocks depends magnitude earthquake scale magnitude earthquake california damage type new_york devastating building codes don factor earthquakes impact earthquake minor similarly sized earthquake occur damage extensive united_states geological survey study estimates billion damage result fairly powerful earthquake occur heavily populated area considering building codes soil types population numbers united_states census estimates buildings destroyed structures damaged deaths


earthquake earthquake occurred august near gold mining town district north west province south_africa shock assigned magnitude scale council south_africa making biggest earthquake south_africa earthquake magnitude scale united_states geological survey estimated focal depth according earthquake severely dangerous located near reported august august magnitude scale according earthquake biggest mining related earthquake south african history cause historical earthquakes uncommon south_africa general earthquake occurred mining belt earthquakes relatively common described earthquake magnitude scale area largest mining related earthquake south_africa earthquake occurred march killing miners underground resulting closure investigation mining following incident found caused mining seismic events occur mining continued report investigation recommended improvements seismic monitoring things recommendations implemented earthquake recorded moment magnitude earthquake june area earth science consultant chris believes expert opinions mining activity natural faults factors difficult establish precise cause according professor university natural hazard centre mining activate natural faults believes south_africa earthquakes caused mining especially areas according africa vicinity east african rift system pulled apart millimetres annually says earthquakes caused slip fault line release stored elastic energy mining activity triggered earthquake believe unlike earthquake event mining related earthquake relatively common occurrence natural earthquake south_africa professor ray university said seismic events continue mining activity area long said flooding inactive mines compound pressure geological faults triggering seismic events according link mining earthquakes lies purely induced mining activities triggering natural earthquake council according rule thumb experience earthquake certain magnitude past expect earthquake similar magnitude area denver birch said cause earthquake difficult determine given occurred mining area lack historical seismic data area confirmed team sent area investigation said able determine cause month according fact deepest shafts shallower doesn mean mining ruled cause blasting vicinity big fault activated seismic activity august council scientific industrial research confirmed earthquake caused mining related activity making biggest mining related earthquake recorded south_africa impact earthquake occurred august near gold mining town district north west province south_africa shock assigned magnitude scale council south_africa making biggest earthquake south_africa earthquake magnitude scale united_states geological survey estimated focal depth according earthquake severely dangerous located near reported august august magnitude scale areas affected earthquake felt far felt neighbouring countries tallest buildings building building tall buildings university halls offices south african revenue service evacuated according manager unit earthquake felt beach sand tends ground motion buildings evacuated meteorological services confirmed affected earthquake casualties single fatality year old man died wall old mining house collapsed north west spokesperson said miners reportedly trapped shafts subsequent revealed miners location safe miners underground great mines near brought surface august including injured miners treated minor injuries including broken leg discharged hospital august management proceeded evacuation temporarily interrupted power supply restored management contacted crew underground telephone engineers ensured shaft infrastructure working order emergency medical staff treated injured miners treated employees shock mining operations great mines subsequently suspended pending safety checks damage extensive damage buildings surrounding areas partly inadequate building construction vulnerable earthquake damage township near worst affected areas homes damaged earthquake occurred afternoon august residents assessing damage homes north west province damaged leading closure schools damaged pupils unable attend classes classrooms badly damaged days following earthquake south_africa major banks insurance companies begun receiving insurance claims august received claims standard bank received claims mutual federal received claims survey insurance companies finance website showed companies surveyed reject insurance claims related earthquake proven mining related response survey list affirmed received approximately claims process response warned expected days following earthquake possibly continue months recommended buildings evacuated event mining chief inspector mines david asked mining companies affected areas including undertake underground ensure miners trapped working conditions safe miners denied responsibility earthquake saying occurred away mining infrastructure premier north west promised residents affected earthquake receive help said social relief temporary accommodation provided buildings infrastructure damaged earthquake years repair north west provincial government started north west disaster relief fund help residents affected earthquake teams sent investigate damage parts kenneth district municipality municipality cabinet south_africa sent family man killed earthquake september freedom party expressed concern residents repairs homes delayed commenced provincial government spokesperson said construction delayed partly lack structural engineers needed assess structural damage caused houses families affected earthquake moved community centre waiting houses repaired affected families instructed safer locations

Earthquakes and similar natural disasters


guatemala city guatemala city disaster area approximately deep collapsed guatemala city story factory occurred combination reasons including tropical storm volcano eruption sewer pipes background overall risk occurring guatemala city high unpredictable recent similar collapsed forming pit metres deep guatemala city formed fluid sewer volcanic ash limestone deposits underlying guatemala city hazards pipe improved handling city runoff contributed collapse ground rocks beneath guatemala city formed similar reasons formation sewage pipes formed volcanic deposits guatemala city built deposits low density allowing easy erosion according sam college leaking pipes went long create conditions necessary formation city regulations building codes says guatemala city natural causes mainly artificial addition according usually formed limestone limestone hundreds metres underneath guatemala city proposes renamed feature tropical storm tropical storm identified trough low pressure western coast costa_rica depression intensified tropical storm given later day system intensified slightly making landfall near mexico guatemala border winds mph morning center moved highest terrain central_america resulting dissipation low level circulation torrential rains storm widened cavity eventually causing collapse volcano eruption days tropical depression volcano located south guatemala city erupted killing person nearby areas layers ash eruption prompted officials shut country international airport formation people feared excessive rainfall storm situation trigger effect underground pipes increasing chances pipe collapse aftermath reporter daily newspaper reported ground collapsed suddenly taking story house factory possibly security guard electricity poles authorities said confirm security guard death collapse guatemala city left dead residents lives risk role played sewage pipes collapse sam demanded government inspect sewer system regularly according officials similarities collapsed formed sewage pipes wider scale immediately following reports fatalities state emergency declared guatemala government started deploy national aid donation centers victims storm opened country according office coordination humanitarian affairs schools guatemala closed june filling immediately collapse plans fill soil cement cement limestone water known locally substance fill guatemala city technique graded filter technique filled successive layers smaller rocks gravel possibly better solution filling hole cement water runoff areas potentially increasing risk occurring parts city graded filter technique hand allows water


june earthquake june earthquake shallow magnitude earthquake occurred june utc centred depth previously devastated magnitude earthquake february june preceded magnitude struck region slightly deeper united_states geological survey reported magnitude depth earthquake produced severe shaking registered viii scale city destroying buildings causing additional damage structures affected previous earthquakes damaged tower historic station collapsed work completed earthquake downed phone lines triggered widespread outages left households power rebuilding costs increased billion billion owing additional damage people suffered injuries elderly man died knocked unconscious background new_zealand entirety particularly north island located volatile pacific ring fire long history earthquakes european settlement largest record magnitude major earthquake occurred january near plains north island destructive magnitude earthquake struck region near bay february deadliest earthquake recorded island date greatly affecting hastings comparison south island experienced fewer large earthquakes magnitude event september produced far strongest ground motions recorded canterbury region triggering large number similar sequences historically occurred world occurrences extremely unusual region shown low levels seismic activity thousands years event led discovery previously dormant geological faults central eastern south island particular beneath regional plains adjacent geology magnitude earthquake occurred inland june utc shallow depth east southeast new_zealand owing interaction major pacific australia plates regional plate boundary central south island characterised land earthquake direct result strike slip eastern end zone strong magnitude earthquake occurred february port hills fault june earthquake preceded magnitude similar focal mechanism struck hour minutes earlier experts believe triggered previously fault region located kilometres south port hills fault united_states geological survey reported magnitude focal depth earthquake precursor assigned magnitude similar depth reported earthquakes prolonged sequence associated major magnitude earthquake september includes february event succeeded multiple lighter strongest moderate magnitude minute event struck region days later despite significant energy release earthquakes believed increased risk additional similar magnitude calculations science indicated percent probability magnitude earthquake occurring canterbury zone months following event weeks later magnitude overnight june causing additional damage prompting evacuations focused kilometres surface earthquake resulted significant shaking large portion central eastern south island maximum ground motions registered viii severe intensity scale strong shaking felt adjacent populated areas lincoln recorded intensified shaking effects setting widespread lighter motions observed remaining region slight property damage reported far earthquake felt far away new plymouth damage casualties effects earthquake precursor struck afternoon near extremely populated area buildings area left conditions previous earthquakes affected roughly people directly estimated experienced strong shaking hospital officials confirmed injuries occurrence falling debris struck people left critical condition city centre workers rescued collapsed church promptly hospitalised morning officials confirmed elderly man died knocked unconscious rest home earthquake struck mass casualties avoided owing combination building evacuations prompted weaker shock removed populous areas wake earthquake multiple phone lines scattered power outages affected households underground cables sustained degree damage contributing outages shaking local water resulting widespread flooding affected streets furthermore officials ordered closure bridges area measure bridge reported succumbed strong ground motions days occurrence small electrical fire ignited control panel hospital result ongoing strong ground motions caused secondary effects including gas leaks widespread soil consequently sand emerged asphalt roads cars sinking houses hill suburbs affected falling following occurrence lost water pressure residents urged conserve water use parts valley previously dormant non existent natural springs surfaced consequence sudden rise water table flooding properties impact index fell percent lowest level april index total stocks fell rose remained unchanged addition new_zealand dollar declined wake disaster reportedly dropping nearly dollar percent following dramatic decline event numbers council owned venue management company announced time staff workers nationwide building considerably dropping percent wake disaster impact extended national grounds light occurrence insurance australia group reported estimated net claim loss million million damage evaluation exact extent losses unclear earthquake caused damage structures approximately half buildings centre city damaged destroyed previous strong earthquakes preliminary assessments indicate additional buildings rendered repair area despite moderate magnitude preceding magnitude caused story buildings road intersection city collapse multiple hospitals residential care facilities left essential services reported considerable damage infrastructure spite earlier renovation attempts authorities considering complete demolition year old cathedral building structurally compromised collapse western wall strong vibration shattered stained glass rose window similar damage inflicted arts centre state prior event month reconstruction project scheduled place starting october associated costs estimated million million tower historic station sustained damage february earthquake collapsed plans building initiated port major harbour region suffered additional damage opted initiate engineering assessments multi story tower shook considerably damage limited cracks broken roof tiles artifacts canterbury museum collection thrown disorder days work completed february earthquake experts believed earthquake increase reconstruction costs approximately billion billion response light possibility police evacuated shopping office buildings city essential organisations area evacuated safety precaution including police headquarters offices canterbury earthquake recovery authority international airport officials halted operations earthquake flights resumed later day months event severe magnitude earthquake occurred similar area adjacent causing widespread destruction fatalities city concerns arose condition previously damaged structures june earthquakes caused distress victims dozens dissatisfied residents expected city sought professional help anxiety depression related issues relief efforts immediate aftermath earthquakes national crisis management centre activated ministry civil defence emergency management manage public response disaster hundreds police officers accordingly dispatched patrol city streets authorities proposed set outdoors emergency operations centre public welfare centre provide shelter victims overnight student volunteer army shifting february prepared recruitment participants initiate street clearing actions total allocated donations charities including red_cross earthquake appeal canterbury earthquake appeal salvation army funds bank public donation account opened order provide financial assistance earthquake victims chief executives commonwealth bank sponsored exclusive dinner sydney raise money rebuilding costs initial allocated prior event entry costs ticket


cape ann earthquake cape ann earthquake took place coast british province massachusetts bay present day massachusetts november scale remains largest earthquake history massachusetts killed damaged hundreds buildings boston felt far north nova_scotia far south south_carolina sailors ship miles offshore felt ship running aground residents boston surrounding areas attributed god brief increase religious city modern studies estimate similar shook boston today result billion damage hundreds deaths possible cape ann earthquake remotely triggered larger earthquake lisbon portugal weeks prior evidence prove linked earthquake took place november approximately believed offshore approximately miles east cape ann felt far north halifax nova_scotia south chesapeake_bay south_carolina lake george lake northwest ship miles east_coast sailors ship reported strong feared run aground region experienced little hour felt boston affecting northeastern coast colony modern research estimated scale united_states geological survey lists largest earthquake history massachusetts scientists unclear causes northeastern united_states number old faults region known active possible cape ann earthquake remotely triggered larger earthquake lisbon portugal weeks prior evidence prove linked damage boston cape ann heavily damaged boston damage concentrated areas near harbor earthquakes solid land chimneys city damaged way ends houses collapsed number roofs damaged falling chimneys stone chimneys buildings damaged present day portland maine springfield massachusetts new haven connecticut church boston damaged ending vertical stone fencing rural areas damaged observers reported springs dried new ones created cracks appeared ground near lancaster town observers noted water fine sand coming crack non structural damage minor residents reported damage china lost product damaged cape ann earthquake created recorded history observers leeward_islands nearly miles south cape ann reported water followed large wave lifted boats ashore left fish beach legacy massachusetts residents time perceived punishment god immoral behavior days earthquake special prayer services held civic authorities declared fast days number writings published consequence including verses earthquakes month november thomas prince earthquakes works god displeasure explanations event theological john harvard professor proposed alternate explanation having heat chemical inside surface earth earthquake boston surrounding towns major metropolitan area new construction built especially bay area prone greater shaking sand gravel fill older buildings boston area built stone brick likely collapse completely major earthquake given modern observers expressed concern effects major city study massachusetts emergency management agency estimated potential financial losses billion billion potential loss life hundreds consequence state updated building codes laws require new construction additions vulnerable areas built resist earthquakes opposition station nuclear power plant miles cape ann new_hampshire shoreline highlighted earthquake risk area plant built regardless


gulf earthquake gulf earthquake known earthquake occurred november local time utc registered moment magnitude scale located central segment gulf narrow body water separates egypt peninsula western border saudi_arabia people killed injured area earthquake occurred dead sea transform fault system active plate boundary characterized long running periods occasional large damaging earthquakes intermittent earthquake strongest event area decades caused injuries damage deaths levant thought remotely triggered series small moderate earthquakes kilometers north aftermath field investigations set determine extent surface distribution analyzed setting gulf situated southern portion dead sea transform fault zone transform fault forms barrier african plate arabian plate arabian shield left lateral strike slip fault connects spreading center forms red_sea south east fault turkey north known accepted transform motion began million years ago credited recognizing movement fault estimated total displacement kilometers similar study included regional influences resulted estimated slip kilometers broader model translates slip rate year portion fault south dead sea length dead sea transform known fault pull apart basins resulted formation dead sea gulf gulf comprises distinct pull apart basins formed individual segments fault known north south deep deep deep wide gulf relatively narrow meters deep nearby mountains near meters height difference elevation suggests activity processes area background marked earthquake stress triggering earthquake largest event occur 20th century felt away period carried year exceeding magnitude hours number small earthquakes occurred north analysis earthquakes suggest remotely triggered gulf attention given remotely triggered earthquakes earthquake southern_california dead sea fault system runs red_sea north triple junction south central turkey consists main fault secondary faults fault system widest deepest gulf transition oceanic transform occurs moving northward lebanon syria known fault trace follows bend splits strands include faults strands believed source near east earthquakes increased seismic activity following earthquake detected syrian national seismic network occurred area faults area near bend southwest syria consists vertical component instruments recorded small area southwest syria situated north gulf activity previous months beginning hours minutes event small earthquakes occurred average background events day preceding november small earthquakes peak magnitude recorded half hours syrian national center determined abrupt increase activity remote earthquake triggering gulf reported results investigation journal published society america damage located kilometers south head gulf countries egypt israel jordan saudi_arabia converge damage buildings occurred coastal cities israel jordan small observed witnesses farther coast closer egyptian city built modern concrete reinforced homes completely destroyed earthquake effects felt far north lebanon syria strongest event jordan rift valley earthquake centered near dead sea heaviest damage occurred resort town seven hotels buildings damaged cracks formed people treated injuries shock man died heart attack saudi_arabia women reported dead deaths reported egypt occurring gulf resort town buildings collapsed cairo years smaller cairo earthquake destructive impact person killed injured slightly bad saudi_arabia damage reported towns past events gulf lies peninsula arabian peninsula desert regions permanent settlements work historical events gather data written records cities near area result events significant damage reported particular location actually earthquake occurred records events influenced distribution population people caused difficulty creating complete accurate index historical events studies 80s 90s indicate possibly large earthquakes region years estimated based data countries surrounding gulf actively monitoring 1980s found consistent low level activity primary characteristic activity multiple sequences earthquake events beginning north ending south gulf observed beginning events occurred month period near northeastern boundary deep northern gulf largest events approaching magnitude scale pronounced occurred largest event reaching central gulf near deep deep significant happened southwestern deep southern gulf highest magnitude larger magnitude following weeks aftermath independent field studies cracks ground observed egyptian arabian sides gulf field survey series cracks discovered arabian coast field investigation egypt egyptian geological survey mining authority dramatic ground found north coastal road countries surrounding gulf egypt israel jordan saudi_arabia operate seismic networks months followed main event fourteen temporary permanent stations recorded thousands acquired data approximately european mediterranean center agencies country data filtered include data stations institute petroleum research israel plus seven stations jordan natural resource authority recorded area met restriction found arranged north south alignment length expected earthquake magnitude group distinct clusters north south


azores islands earthquake striking autonomous region azores january azores island earthquake killed people injured causing severe damage islands measuring scale shook islands resulted strike slip fracture typical historical earthquakes response earthquake portuguese president announced days national mourning relief efforts initiated agents local air_force soon accompanied government supported agencies geology background strong earthquake azores islands region largest earthquake description volcanic origin azores lie complex area mid-atlantic ridge european african plate boundaries forming earthquake result movement northwest southeast strike slip fault concluded examination took place producing focal solution small events movement similar previous earthquakes azores earthquakes scientists determined plane responsible seeing right lateral area strike slip oriented large scale research information points azores controlled earthquake movement damage casualties earthquake struck islands magnitude scale caused considerable damage separate islands destroying buildings according local reports roughly houses completely demolished including historic quarter island capital general public buildings churches remained intact buildings public utilities electricity water reported cut areas initially number fatalities set later revised additionally injuries set revised people left homeless minor damage recorded islands fatalities recorded field air base major damage relief efforts response united_states_navy air_force troops stationed functioned disaster relief workers families portuguese air_force members brought supplies earthquake victims class corvette navy ship transported medical officials island portuguese president flew plane accompanied medical personnel supplies local officials including policemen volunteer cleared roads relief supplies transports responding situation officials involved looking survivors rubble soon tents erected replace destroyed unsafe homes approximately families islands portable homes constructed people people international project fund resulting shelters days national mourning declared following relief efforts stations installed monitor seismic activities monitor earthquake activity record information island areas earthquake forced hundreds people leave country united_states occurred period major natural disasters residents island left residents left people left island portuguese american singer recorded sold single proceeds donated earthquake relief effort analysis current situation later studies events leading tragedy found factors contributing extent damage linked major causes damage earthquakes buildings damaged earthquake near fault lines loosely packed soil tended poor construction conform proper building code adequately examined area azores remains active threats earthquakes landslides remain


earthquake earthquake occurred january moment magnitude maximum intensity extreme strike slip originated red river fault experienced earthquake magnitude affected county province china people killed making deadliest decade caused million damage felt area km2 north vietnam victims left homes city occurring height cultural revolution widely publicized chinese government decade aid finances distributed described beijing morning post small aid provided survivors spiritual form including letters earthquake studied long term chinese government cited reasons creating largest earthquake monitoring system china years later background region active chinese provinces earliest earthquake recorded 9th century moderate strong ones observed 15th century 9th century earthquakes magnitude greater occurred province shallow strike slip characteristic earthquakes southwestern event frequent parts province red river fault fault line alleged occurred lacked activity red river generally rise high angles shown ministry geology report marking rocks indicate large earthquakes formed fault pleistocene earthquake magnitude scale occurred fault fault believed dead believed red river fault instead experiencing long seismic gap similar japan median line major formed produced massive ones damage casualties southwest northwest area mainly tobacco growing region effects felt area km2 north vietnam victims left homes city earthquake measured moment magnitude scale killed people making deadliest china 20th century injured additional caused million damage news report immediate aftermath mentioned recording severe hong_kong royal observatory cited unconfirmed report destroyed caused visible surface fault maximum horizontal offset vertical offset result techniques scientists able decide events comprised surface confirmed earthquake later earthquake corresponded fault area aftermath scientific study earthquake studied long term chinese government chinese engineers visited disaster zone conduct research cause damage earthquake spending year collecting soil samples recording primary research evidence future study data collected broad area towns area reaction according report survivors came fight disaster aid provided survivors spiritual form chinese government sent tens thousands quotations chairman books honor victims relief effort survivors received sympathy letters aid finances distributed described beijing morning post years later small details earthquake widely publicized chinese authorities years occurrence china decades communist rule policy disclose natural disasters accidents foreigners injured chinese official press released comprehensive report royal hong_kong observatory released information soon disaster time news agency briefly mentioned smaller magnitude provide information damage casualties november nearly nineteen years later state bureau speaking news conference earthquake recently occurred estimated death toll reason government previously disclosed knowledge government officials china released different estimate putting death toll china published estimate memorial service survivors relatives held january bureau official noted information classified political reasons death toll estimate known early years earthquake largest earthquake monitoring network nationally established set earthquake offices county prepare large earthquake cited reasons creating monitoring system


nicaragua earthquake nicaragua earthquake occurred coast nicaragua september damage reported costa_rica people killed injured located active zone stress created large surface wave magnitude nicaragua earthquake earthquake captured modern seismic networks initial surface wave magnitude estimated shock occurred interface caribbean plates active zone stress absence sediment ocean floor nicaragua slip propagated dip way trench creator large occurrence slip plate interface filled soft sediments caused process slower average zone thrust earthquakes focus earthquake shallower typical zone earthquake damage casualties shock earthquake occurred followed strong widely felt departments nicaragua felt nicaragua san san costa_rica strongest seismic event hit nicaragua earthquake people killed children sleeping beds missing left homeless nicaragua houses fishing boats destroyed west_coast nicaragua total damage nicaragua estimated million dollars according foundation affected inhabitants small poor communities live diverse activities houses located sea entirely destroyed people lost poor peasants grow basic grains consumption marginal areas lost fishing equipment boats storage sheds warehouses extreme poverty exacerbated casualties damage caused affecting west coasts nicaragua costa_rica occur span months heights measured shortly earthquake reached heights meters average height meters large surface wave magnitude duration process unusually long size moment magnitude larger difference characteristic earthquakes tide set puerto showed originating minutes earthquake ran inland meters hardest hit major town fatalities relief efforts onset disaster authorities provided initial assistance president stated speech nation september international assistance needed red_cross assist operations national civil defence carried relief operations wounded people transported hospital hospital


north earthquake north earthquake occurred local time northern washington state december maximum intensity viii severe assessed locations intense shaking observed locations washington oregon british_columbia intermediate outlying areas reported moderate vii strong shaking high light reported far distant idaho montana remote location series strong damage man structures limited close areas highest intensity earthquake occurred operating region magnitude shock location precisely determined intensity reports available event studied event proposed based limited data study presented estimated moment magnitude proposed location east cascade range near lake results separate study indicated larger event placing shock north south canada united_states border ross lake preface zone rarely influences western portion washington state november shock near california oregon border associated activity pacific_northwest especially west washington occasionally located near zone earthquakes sound events large earthquake seattle fault generated sound event east understood lack instrumental records reliable felt intensity reports earthquake operating washington state western british_columbia late insufficient instrumental records older events region focal depths unknown occurred time concluded event occurred shallow fault east cascade range employed method developed earthquake intensity information mapped corresponding moment magnitude 20th century pacific_northwest earthquakes analyzing known event attempt resolve location magnitude reports interpreted way placed near south end lake considerations left plausible focal points north northeast lake magnitude estimated confidence similar strategy analyzed known shock compared intensity patterns number recorded earthquakes occurred pacific_northwest factor taken consideration earthquakes circular slightly elliptical maps usually close center pattern instrumental information available assumed intensity information instrumental information available map earthquake presented example distorted convoluted pattern attributed local geological conditions seismic waves emphasized taking account local features lead felt ran projected event occurring depth miles took consideration differences east west locations investigated including setting south end lake reportedly significant ground disturbances preferred location near ross lake location north canada united_states border proposed earlier ross lake site chosen closely matched pattern strongly preferred site lake location excluded regional characteristics required location west depths investigated little impact patterns intensity northwest earthquakes occur miles deep believe shock near depth dismiss possibility shallower event damage earthquake felt wide area pacific_ocean montana british_columbia oregon area affected largely homes existed log building built river sediment close mouth river roof logs kitchen detached rest structure log cabin roof damage high strong reached western portion state near highly populated sound region southeast nuclear site later stood relationship exists depth occurrence pacific_northwest earthquakes illustrate link like february lake event southwest washington followed years lake earthquake montana significant sequence shallow peak event followed opposition events zone west insignificant sequences usually amounting minimal number small example shock occurred nearly miles deep followed small similar procession vancouver island earthquake shock focal depth near miles follow event initial hours strong felt broad area idaho southern british_columbia intensity waned time passed year occurring felt lake listed considerable sequence strong indication initial event shallow


hills earthquake hills earthquake occurred july southern_california magnitude earthquake hills approximately miles east southeast downtown los_angeles lives lost people injured caused considerable damage numerous structures area caused amusement park facilities shut rides earthquake led increased discussion possibility stronger earthquake future earthquake hills earthquake caused oblique slip components thrust strike slip displacement preliminary reports cited fault active cause later determined generated trend identified miles hills approximately miles deep initial moderate main shock reported magnitude later revised magnitude later months main shock reportedly felt far south san_diego mexico far_east las_vegas nevada strongest earthquake occur greater los_angeles area earthquake reported orange county register magnitude occurred anaheim hills miles southwest hills months hills earthquake unusually low seismic activity southern_california week prior july july earthquakes southern_california exceeding magnitude speculation seismic activity precursor possible larger event impact hills earthquake caused deaths significant damage physical location infrastructure hills area relatively new suited withstand large unlike previous earthquakes region earthquake narrows earthquake caused structural damage fatalities caused minor damage high volume telephone use following shock provider capacity disrupted service afternoon amusement rides flags magic mountain universal_studios hollywood farm evacuated temporarily shut california state university suffered damage older engineered buildings orange university school law evacuated water pipe pipes department store flooding store closed couple days order repaired light fixture damaged shock started small fire mall santa fire movie theater harmed gap reported california state route near anaheim hills approximately miles southwest california department transportation concluded gap pose danger minor landslide near freeway caused traffic congestion structural damage reported replaced expansion joint interstate truck interchange roof public library nearly collapsed building closed repairs electrical outages reported hills diamond bar people lost power fire broke power station electricity restored afternoon los_angeles international airport reported ground radar system broken water causing flooding checked preparation area terminal minor injuries falling ceiling tiles reported medical clinic approximately minor presumed reported days earthquake occurred hour earthquake magnitude reported minutes following initial earthquake largest magnitude occurring hours later recorded magnitude reported presumed magnitude occurred sixteen hours prior earthquake location main shock response speculation hills earthquake larger earthquake southern_california seismic network probability report produced minutes event stated likely recent largest sequence small chance approximately earthquake equal larger days united_states geological survey uniform california earthquake forecast suggest earthquake magnitude larger definitely occur state years california governor arnold said earthquake reminds prepared fortunate injuries property damage additionally registration great southern_california regional earthquake drill scheduled occur increased significantly aftermath earthquake


virginia earthquake virginia earthquake occurred august local time region state virginia county northwest richmond south southwest town mineral earthquake magnitude maximum perceived intensity vii strong intensity scale ranging magnitude occurred main earthquake magnitude new_york ontario border largest occurred east rocky_mountains earthquake centered county western virginia occurred estimated magnitude felt dozen states canadian provinces felt people history deaths minor injuries reported minor moderate damage buildings widespread estimated risk modeling company million million million earthquake prompted research revealed landslide miles far greatest landslide distance recorded earthquake similar magnitude previous studies worldwide earthquakes indicated landslides occurred farther miles magnitude earthquake virginia earthquake study suggested added information east_coast earthquakes prompt revision predict ground shaking geology earthquake occurred virginia seismic zone located region virginia area formed originally zone repeated continental collision created ancestral mountains process started period finished period reverse faults formed partly reactivated normal faults extension era broke apart era compression opening spreading atlantic caused structures reactivated reverse sense earthquake lie surface traces structures fault southeast zone high strain fault thrust fault earthquake focal mechanism shows reverse slip north northeast striking fault plane spatial distribution fault southeast surface associated earthquake size similar caused fault segments long earthquake websites speculated hydraulic natural gas production caused contributed operations virginia time nearest occurring west_virginia numerous occurred main magnitude occurred hours main shock magnitude shock occurred midnight august followed utc strongest magnitude residents northern virginia washington felt far away new_england georgia illinois research scientists known difference seismic shaking east versus west structure rock properties allow seismic waves east travel farther weakening november announced recent research showed earthquake shaking eastern united_states travel farther cause damage larger areas previously thought scientists found virginia earthquake caused landslides distances times farther area times larger previous research shown director said scientists confirming data million people eastern experienced powerful earthquake distance landslides occur help reach record look evidence past major earthquakes virginia seismic zone found landslide virginia earthquake miles far greatest landslide distance recorded earthquake similar magnitude previous studies worldwide earthquakes indicated landslides occurred farther miles magnitude earthquake study suggested added information east_coast earthquakes prompt revision predict ground shaking makes new study unique provides direct evidence largest earthquake occur years eastern know power east_coast earthquakes predict ground shaking need revised addition great landslide distances recorded landslides virginia earthquake occurred area times larger expected studies worldwide earthquakes scientists plotted landslide locations calculated area enclosed landslides observed landslides virginia earthquake area km2 previous studies indicated expected area km2 earthquake similar magnitude effect estimated approximately population felt earthquake earthquake history people certain areas pennsylvania feel earthquake despite relatively close people reported ground shaking experiences caused earthquake feel website virginia earthquake felt far south atlanta georgia far north quebec city quebec far west illinois far_east new_brunswick damage reported far away brooklyn new_york earthquakes central eastern tens times frequent western typically felt broader region east rocky_mountains earthquake felt area times larger similar magnitude earthquake west_coast western rock relatively young shaking caused earthquakes western earthquakes result intense shaking close fade quickly earthquakes travel eastern united_states rock older earthquake energy spread greater impact magnitude eastern earthquake usually felt far origin causes damage far away relatively shallow depth earthquake contributed widespread effects united_states soon earthquake federal aviation administration ordered ground stop east_coast causing flight delays air traffic control tower john kennedy international airport evacuated flights delayed airports including john kennedy international airport newark liberty international airport ronald_reagan washington national airport international airport philadelphia international airport ronald_reagan national airport ceiling tiles fell terminal flights halted huge increase cell phone calls immediately event wireless sprint mobile usa frontier communications networks mid-atlantic region causing loss service hour earthquake virginia earthquake county virginia damage greatest minor injuries occurred town mineral located north northeast earthquake reported collapse buildings minor damage structures including collapse ceiling town hall minor injuries reported including people reporting chest pains related stress experience fallen chimneys structural damage buildings reported county seat christian church heavily damaged rendered county high school fell classrooms cracks seen walls students minor injuries county schools closed august engineers assessed damage school buildings high school thomas jefferson elementary closed remainder school year revealed homes sustained major severe damage homes experienced mild moderate damage damage county estimated million million damage public school buildings million damage residences august county officials declared state local emergency order allow request state aid multiple sensors north anna nuclear generating station located northeast detected slight power reduction result vibrations monitoring devices caused nuclear shut automatically seconds site power lost nuclear regulatory commission sent additional virginia plant preliminary measurements suggested ground shook designed handle damage minimal advised interpreted mean plant safe million inspection engineers stated found damage november gave approval west gas leak closed streets including west main street county august opening public schools delayed damage buildings assessed patients treated regional medical center minor injuries resulting earthquake buildings north sustained structural damage brick façade levy building built collapsed building condemned demolished walls stephen episcopal church constructed deemed unstable town officials church baptist church built lost chimney schools county delayed scheduled august opening assess damage buildings minor earthquake injuries reported regional hospital damage estimated million northeast building campus community college deemed rest semester college closed alternative classrooms found opening september gas leak led evacuation homes businesses block radius officials estimated damage total arlington county burst pipe flooded corridors pentagon employees left building earthquake felt alerted flooding alarm system installed september attacks arlington county thomas jefferson theater home middle school auditorium church community theatre groups closed months damage fly rack nearby alexandria reported structural damages injuries prince william county approximately miles north damage dam lake jackson documented officials local residents noticed lower water levels lake water lake released relieve pressure dam cost approximately washington white_house capitol buildings evacuated afternoon traffic rush hour affected traffic lights washington metro system trains operated reduced speeds tracks tunnels inspected national_park_service spokesperson reported surveys revealed cracks near washington monument world tallest stone structure closed indefinitely earthquake damaged corner central tower washington national cathedral cracked flying buttresses caused additional damage cathedral insurance policy cover earthquake damage cathedral officials stated need raise millions dollars fully evaluate damage stabilize repair limestone exterior castle incurred damage decorative turrets preserved specimens fell shelves national museum natural history embassy ecuador suffered structural damage including collapsed chimneys cracked internal walls treasury building suffered minor damage exterior fell ground caused closure fire department officials washington reported numerous minor injuries result earthquake parts mid-atlantic region wilmington delaware blocks fell street thomas church new castle county courthouse evacuated air traffic control tower new castle county airport nearby wilmington manor fire building called assess structures dover capital city city hall evacuated numerous buildings georgetown sussex county seat evacuated crews checked damage emergency operations center reported calls delaware department transportation crews dispatched statewide inspect interstate highways construction replacement indian river inlet bridge delaware memorial bridge bridges roads temple hills maryland residents evacuated damaged apartment buildings tops washington temple church jesus christ day saints fell ground pieces marble façade near earthquake caused significant reduction quality water spring leading officials warn water notice point neighborhood baltimore patrick catholic_church deemed unsafe scheduled closed weeks repairs salisbury city police station endured damage concrete block walls minor cracking classroom walls salisbury university buildings united_states naval academy damaged preserved fish specimens fell shelves institution storage facility mansion historic site museum located river upper received substantial structural damage closed indefinitely public west_virginia government buildings evacuated multiple citizens reported feeling homes shaking violently picture frames walls charleston county courthouse west_virginia state capitol campus downtown buildings evacuated county received telephone calls minutes reports damage buildings infrastructure minor plaster cracking old courthouse chimney collapsed county courthouse west_virginia office miners health safety training stated west_virginia coal mines safe following roof collapse patriot coal company big mountain complex forced closure felt buildings philadelphia pittsburgh york state college reading pennsylvania midst opening game new_england europe little league baseball world series people south experienced ground shaking mirror evacuated building shook seconds returned floor blair county courthouse evacuated court sessions continued second floor house reportedly moved foundation roof springs area county emergency management director adam miller said minor occurred route near school birmingham center city philadelphia window shattered lower floor independence blue cross building company sent employees home day office buildings center city philadelphia evacuated soon earthquake workers corporation evacuated building mile island nuclear plant south continued operate earthquake county courthouse evacuated earthquake philadelphia regional rail trains restricted speed mph tracks inspected damage trains briefly suspended damage reported pennsylvania department transportation inspected bridges state damage delaware river port authority reported damage bridges delaware river minor damage reported pittsburgh area damage new_jersey minor state emergency management office reported gas leaks gloucester county temple israel building built sustained water damage caused openings roof allowed standing water leak bricks fell damaging car vacant house partially collapsed government buildings evacuated city workers given option returning home day damage municipal government reported historic colonel george gill green opera house built razed instead renovated provide housing senior citizens infrastructure damage reported state felt varying degrees new_york state including people buildings manhattan physical damage occurred brooklyn chimney red hook toppled including building evacuations delays airports amtrak train service penn station delayed new_england earthquake felt new_england states new haven connecticut play new haven open yale tennis tournament stopped hours main stadium evacuated fire department checked damage damage injuries reported boston massachusetts massachusetts emergency management agency reported buildings damage district court south boston evacuated university massachusetts boston closed early maine earthquake felt far north portland damage reported state states columbus ohio center briefly evacuated occupants upper floors rhodes state office tower state office tower reported feeling strong shaking evacuations occurred cleveland press box progressive field shook inning cleveland_indians baseball game earthquake felt far north michigan far west communities lake michigan reports damage listed reports far west illinois indiana wisconsin minnesota southern states earthquake felt southern states far alabama georgia florida damage reported canada earthquake felt eastern canada southern ontario parts southern quebec maritime provinces ontario buildings toronto evacuated roads closed measure case building collapse windsor year second consecutive year earthquake widely felt southern ontario quebec previous june central canada earthquake affected region internet activity social media feel citizen based earthquake intensity website received reports hours responses hours according facebook word earthquake appeared status updates million users minutes twitter said users sending messages second exceeds maximum rate immediately death laden par rate earthquake significantly slower propagation seismic waves compared near speed light transmission internet traffic twitter users read earthquake seconds feeling example twitter users cities new_york_city boston reported reading earthquake users washington richmond virginia seconds feeling english version encyclopedia article dedicated earthquake minutes event mentioned articles earlier zoo animal reactions staff national park washington reported animals park appeared behavior suggesting anticipated earthquake seconds minutes felt area earthquake felt great exhibits afternoon feeding time seconds abandoned food climbed tree like structure exhibit red sounded alarm minutes flock rushed grouped animals ran dove cover stood walls animals remained agitated rest day quickly


imperial valley earthquake imperial valley earthquake occurred pacific daylight time utc october south mexico united_states border affected imperial valley southern_california valley northern baja california earthquake relatively shallow caused property damage united_states estimated million usd irrigation systems imperial valley badly affected deaths occurred largest earthquake occur united_states san earthquake years earlier earthquake moment magnitude scale maximum perceived intensity violent intensity scale intensity measurements consistent overall maximum intensity vii strong damage single structure imperial county services building judged intensity comprehensive studies total structural failure building conducted focus building responded earthquake vibration heavily office buildings severely damaged seismic forces imperial valley surrounded number fault systems vulnerable moderate strong earthquakes earthquake area equipped array strong motion analyzing fault mechanisms nearby earthquakes seismic characteristics sediments valley earthquake significant scientific community studies fault mechanics repeat events region known strike slip faults additional newly discovered normal fault broke surface earthquake setting trough complex plate boundary pacific plate north american plate undergoes transition continental transform san fault system series short spreading centers east pacific rise linked oceanic transforms gulf california main right lateral strike slip fault strands extend southern trough fault zone fault western trough imperial fault east imperial fault linked san fault seismic zone spreading center beneath southern end sea san fault zone northwest fault south southwest imperial fault centered directly imperial valley area frequently encounters seismic activity including moderate damaging earthquakes events impacted region small moderate events local magnitude occurred area section san fault system earthquake earthquake caused parts imperial fault fault zone fault previously unknown normal fault near slip observed hills fault san fault maximum observed right lateral displacement imperial fault measured day event northwest measurements taken months following earthquake closer southeast end showed additional slip total slip strands fault zone east imperial fault intermittently length kilometer fault slipped maximum vertical displacement horizontal slip observed fault pattern displacement imperial fault similar observed northern earthquake occasion extend border mexico explained behavior individual slip patches imperial fault patches northern gave rise earthquake modeled comparing synthetic near source strong motion recordings analysis showed speed times exceeded shear wave velocity making earthquake united_states geological survey operates series strong motion stations imperial valley majority stations array recorded ground unexpected station number registered unusually high vertical component reading time highest recorded result earthquake explanation attributed path effects separate theory forth described effects generated focused pulse directly station later proposal stated focusing effects lens like effect produced wedge junction imperial faults station cause high reading damage earthquake caused damage towns mexican town mexico injuries sides border state office emergency declared injuries american police claimed injured mexico red_cross stated cuts broken glass form falling objects broken bones reported california interstate developed cracks vehicles able traverse highway california highway patrol warned drivers use road risk damage roadways heavier farther north california state route settling road inches occurred bridge separation closed highway west governor jerry brown ended presidential campaign trip new_england early order return imperial valley declare state emergency fires occurred loss trailer reported fire avoided near imperial county airport barrel gasoline tank farm seriously damaged losing gallons imp gal minute firefighters drained tanks replaced fuel water avoid gasoline causing hazard earthquake shaking led extensive damage irrigation systems imperial valley leading canals particularly american canal brings water valley colorado river section canal ash east canals experienced settling imperial irrigation district estimated damage canals water flow immediately reduced prevent damage allow assessments days repairs completed capacity restored hydraulic gate concrete facility damaged earthquake needed repair event caused significant destruction canals sides international border damage canals imperial county services building imperial county services building story reinforced concrete building located northwest built tall buildings area decision equip building strong motion sensors based size structural attributes location active area unusually detailed structural analysis possible result building having outfitted instrumentation initial configuration tested shortly installation relatively small local magnitude earthquake occurred northwest building november recorded equipment event proved low result instrumentation upgraded include channel configuration building channel located east building ground level channel system managed california division mines geology office ground motion studies provided seconds worth high resolution data event interview los_angeles_times following earthquake scientist united_states geological survey said instruments captured fourth significant recording building damage years cases damage occurred building types irregular construction styles incorporated building contributed mass strength uniform structure differences strength allowed damage concentrated areas distributed equally reduced building ability sustain irregularities building end shear walls stopped second floor floor carrying load square support columns result design floor stiff upper floors earthquake building sustained uneven damage distribution condition led complete collapse building larger earthquake failure foundation floor level building considered total loss ultimately demolished early study event encompassed included magnitude greater recorded days area south border near remaining relatively quiet activity kilometers especially hours occurred sea north power station south distance kilometers strong occurred minutes strongest occurred october west focal mechanism right lateral fault slip northwest imperial fault marked change distribution occurred onset exhibited left lateral slip distinct zone formed belt west near lake motion northeast fault responded increase tension northwest end imperial fault line projection southern san fault extended south valley activity area valley events occurred prior event significant increase activity followed ground disturbances late early researchers including thomas john anderson examined region near new river discovered ground disturbances related banks river discovered sand newly formed pond extension crack found run near south bank irregular disconnected fashion lake later discovered earthquake zone matched area disturbances recorded nearby del rio country club showed clear impressive evidence near field ground motions indicated nearby primary numerous sites running new river examined including twin reinforced concrete bridges foundations resulted severe damage occurred result october main shock earthquake nearby imperial county dump instances ground failure observed deposits near parallel river bank cracks found area determined result differential settling farther north entrance del rio country club located west route pleistocene layers likely indicated result local result surface large pond apparently formed near radio station antenna site profound occurred river valley weeks following earthquake sand location water


cape earthquakes cape earthquakes earthquakes occurred lost coast northern california april largest events thrust struck near unincorporated community midday april primary strike slip measuring followed early morning sequence encompassed activity associated triple junction complex system major faults including zone san fault fracture zone converge near cape total number followed events exceeded damaged destroyed homes businesses county injured people single largest loss post earthquake fire consumed business center scotia place cape area late 1970s recorded event readings moderate strong exception instruments closest went scale seconds recording surface present area landslides closed roads railroad tracks week cleanup took place discovered coastal near cape largest earthquake california event years earlier caused non destructive quickly reached coast eventually alaska hawaii hours later significant run speed reached coast long waves persisted strong earthquakes affected area clearly associated fracture zone like april earthquakes plate events associated zone setting northernmost coastal area california active regions year period area including fracture zone southern flank plate generated percent seismic energy state triple junction strike slip strike slip trench formed west present day baja california pacific spreading center initially approached zone coast western north_america simultaneously rivera triple junction shifted southeast current position pacific plate north american plate connected boundary transform fault san northwestward motion pacific plate relative north american plate san fault continues northwest southeast triple junctions continue motion north triple junction plate beneath north american plate zone convergence rate centimeters year comparisons zones led belief convergence taking place distinct lack events generated contention zone seismic hazard strong indications substantial historic events occurred pacific_northwest submerged wetlands raised marine illustrate presence past events dating rock layers revealed seismic events took place years recent event earthquake plate undergoing process experiences large earthquakes result north south compression oceanic crust fracture zone earthquakes region near triple junction experiences high earthquakes intensity strong greater sequence pacific daylight time occurred onshore kilometers west depth kilometers number earthquakes fault plane solutions conveyed evidence slip zone focal mechanism indicated slip thrust fault striking shallow dip east northeast likely propagated west based location southeastern boundary zone investigation surveys north coast area led assignment intensity rating violent modified scale region near opposition located onshore large strike slip occurred following morning located offshore west main shock plate intensity viii severe occurred depth kilometers exhibited right lateral motion thousand sequence found occurred fracture zone numerous events located eastward projection fault duration described smooth seconds complex slightly longer seconds strike slip events followed thrust event indicated strong stresses north american plate boundaries convoluted nature faults area damage initial event caused number wood framed homes scotia come foundations homes detached plant wood waste products power lumber company town suffered damage lumber mills shut weeks rio river scotia glass store fronts main street shattered numerous buildings slipped monument road small community closest general store combined post office gas station destroyed fire damage totaled million figure portion figure losses high school gymnasium following morning separated hours caused damage large fire triggered following shopping center scotia destroyed businesses resulting damage site estimated million largest individual financial sequence earthquakes water supply rio terminated water main severed river bridge power outages widespread county mere seconds lasted hours hydroelectric plant performance reservoir deemed acceptable power generated locally unaffected damage estimates high million bridges roads remainder costs structure related american red_cross compiled damage statistics county totals included damaged homes apartments half severely damaged additional homes destroyed post office businesses homes destroyed residences damaged homes destroyed damaged businesses rio buildings damaged destroyed homes businesses experiencing form damage city experienced losses totaling million miles north river valley saw light damage injuries unincorporated communities reported damage million combined strong motion largest earthquake california october event santa mountains near produced highest ground motions recorded time california strong motion instrumentation program fourteen existing stations comprising strong motion sensors recorded event ground response stations remaining located structures including highway rio dam story supermarket story residential building supermarket residential building dam kilometers distant respectively recorded peak painter street concrete bridge recorded free field acceleration instrument structure saw peak cape station installed located kilometers slope ridge coast ranges instruments mounted concrete platform adjacent roadway remained firmly secured rock platform following landslide came meters device left debris road lack large rocks close instrument cracking rocks near platform left clear explanation high vertical component reading tri analog use physically limited value traces uniformly significant values seconds recording post earthquake lab test inspection enlarged revealed limit hit twice maximum needle bounced unit mass vertical record led maximum acceleration estimate site unit eventually replaced higher capacity digital device ground effects sequence earthquakes caused widespread landslides coast east scotia northern extent river basin near thompson hill south existing landslides initiated largest plane failures coastal slump failures creek oil creek stretched shore distance meters leaving slide eroded surf road closed week minor landslides blocked passage roadway sustaining light damage sliding settlement road fill instances largest occurred railroad tracks scotia previous taken place slide took week clear survey following earthquake evidence coastal detected dead organisms discovered beaches region investigation revealed portion shoreline cape near near middle portion decreasing amounts near outer portions affected area evidence previous events found form marine coast periodic events creating shelves years present surface found aerial surveillance lateral spreading features observed channel near mouth river generated small recorded national oceanic atmospheric administration sea level gauge stations coasts northern california oregon hawaii series waves came ashore north spit station minute travel time largest seen north crescent city arrived close low tide condition lowered risk destructive capacity energy reached location minutes maximum wave height second larger arrived later maximum waves detected south interior san_francisco bay considerable delay minutes shallow waters bay shelf surrounding bay entrance speed travels directly related depth water traversing detected farther south example minute travel time deeper offshore waters bay kilometers distant hawaiian island location islands lay great circle route perpendicular region presumed land coast near cape energy distributed strongest direction detected kilometers cape north pacific_ocean pressure registered maximum meters water gulf alaska hours travel time waves generated earthquake limited event demonstrated rapid onset hazards giving little time coastal residents prepare case strongest waves came ashore crescent city hours initial surge possible opposite waves strongest detailed event wave hazard long duration wave action lingering hours events fault active small moderate earthquakes largest event associated fault earthquake september event corresponding strike slip focal mechanisms occurred farther east close triple junction large event occurred january day sources determined precision arrive area offshore events caused little damage felt broad area previous plate events include july august event november west


thomas vincent born august american football safety punt played cleveland national_football_league nfl nfl time pro free safety earned pro bowl selection holds cleveland franchise interception records american defensive michigan football team memorable college football history retiring football pursued careers sports agent security provider business consultant early life born ohio graduated high school college football graduating recruited big conference football programs played university_of_michigan tackles american named big played big champions fit michigan coach prized pupils earning reference book ranks leaders michigan punt returns punt return played defensive positions michigan college billy taylor mike taylor notable house known den mellow men espn chose november interception ohio_state plays performances moments define college football play controversial late game ohio_state coach woody stormed field referee jerry referee thought ruled pass interference end broken yard marker indicator earned yard penalties scene national television broadcasts second interception game espn chose member time university_of_michigan football team pro football drafted round 18th overall nfl draft cleveland started free safety rookie season lost job tenth final season clinton selected pro safety went pro bowl course career handled punt returns return yards holds cleveland franchise records career single season interception return yards teams went playoffs rookie year went nfl playoffs head coach nick lost round miami went nfl playoffs head coach sam lost round oakland raiders ranked 47th cleveland players list post football served professional sports agent represented tony invested hosting cleveland ohio working athletic trainers time cleveland based sports agent career agent represented assortment nfl national_basketball_association players prospects including wright chris supporter attempt challenge nfl draft eligibility rules nfl reissued franchise cleveland bidding groups owned security company cedar iowa business consultant living cedar went jail failure pay child support time registered nfl agent connecticut owed child support trust year old son wife legal fees married divorced previously briefly jailed failure pay judge contempt court times previously


minor minor born july american football running signed bears free agent released final cuts new_orleans saints indianapolis practice squads played college football michigan michigan finished second team rushing freshman sophomore led team rushing junior senior junior honorable mention big conference selection coaches previously ranked number high school football nation according spent years michigan serving primary mike hart year emerged field runners replace hart including true leading scorer shared starting responsibilities junior senior seasons entered senior season watch lists walker award award ranked 22nd best player best running big conference season started following seasons spent inactive nfl defendant drug possession case scheduled face charges court january youth career minor grew michigan fan mother pictures age wearing michigan uniform age minor wrote university michigan football player year mother watched michigan ohio_state game rooted michigan high school minor inherited high school starting varsity team role sophomore gained rushing yards start season helped team reach virginia central region division championship qualifying game virginia high school league state semifinals concluded regular season district team selection playoffs selected second team region choice season rushed yards touchdowns blue minor played varsity basketball sophomore season seven point field goals game junior capital district offensive player year army adams iii died serving engineer battalion 1st cavalry division baghdad iraq minor gave number wear adams tribute district championship game rushed yards carries including touchdown runs subsequent central region division semifinals set central region playoff record rushing yards undefeated ranked team upset concluded season team district metro region selection compiling yards rushing scoring rushing touchdowns plus receiving touchdowns selected group aaa virginia high school football coaches association state second team coaches entering senior season ranked sixth best senior football player virginia times described recruits state time august visit day virginia tech football practice time considering miami michigan florida virginia tech tennessee ohio_state started season torn hip returned lineup team final regular season game rushed yards carries morgan cousin plays strong safety virginia tech team quarterback despite missing season honored district region selection year career totals yards touchdowns graduating senior number ranked high school football nation according following senior season scored touchdown east west_virginia high school coaches association star game college career lloyd era january minor selected university_of_michigan summer semester reported michigan june strength conditioning training minor fellow freshman brown returning running backs mike hart kevin senior jackson depth chart entering season minor considered heralded brown regarded fastest player team opening day hart carries minor jackson entered senior season career rushing yards dress carry rushed yards september season opening game nonetheless depth chart clear hart late september minor clearly depth chart brown hart left game injury michigan state october minor scored touchdown yard run yard game november rushed yards carries including yard touchdown run win ball state true freshman member michigan football team minor rushed total yards carries second team hart april tore anterior lost season august brown broke hand appeared minor seriously injured october field left stadium wearing protective boot recovered weeks brown combined replace injured hart second yard game yard game october season little brown game victory minnesota golden rushed yards carries including yard run touchdown hart returned play paul trophy game michigan state november left game early minor started second half hart missed game november brown minor poor performances hart game brown starter sophomore michigan football team minor improved rushing totals yards carries second team hart rich rodriguez era rich rodriguez replaced lloyd head coach spring brown broke finger trying healthy early august appeared brown minor starting job fourth year junior suspension related driving charges camp apparent quickly true sam michael significant role newly installed spread option offense brown minor nursing injuries tentatively starting position depth chart junior member michigan football team minor team leader rushing started games started brown started started starter lost job minor minor gave way november brown november starter injuries minor totalled yards carries rushing touchdowns added receiver touchdowns seven came week span included yard touchdown rushing effort penn state october yard touchdown rushing effort november efforts minor scored yard reception compliment yards rushing touchdown paul trophy game michigan state october penn state game minor career start minor junior year played wrist injury impaired ability hold football right arm ability opponents impaired variety injuries season conclusion big conference football season minor chosen honorable mention conference selection coaches transferred rice season senior member michigan football team minor named pair watch lists walker award award selected espn 22nd best player 3rd best running john clay big conference season started minor missed game season high ankle second game michigan notre dame rivalry game rushed yards touchdown carries victory notre dame ankle hampered season caused miss october game delaware state season high yard touchdown effort november shoulder injury kept game season ohio_state course collegiate career accumulated rushing touchdowns yards torn kept participating january east west shrine game professional career minor signed free agent chicago bears april going nfl draft released september signed new_orleans saints practice squad minor bears released beginning october signed indianapolis minor released october november minor tried green bay ending season member denver practice squad september placed minor injured reserve waived october november charged possession marijuana intent distribute virginia commonwealth university police department following traffic stop scheduled traffic court appearance january


louis roy january november nicknamed toe american football offensive tackle played entire career cleveland america football conference national_football_league nfl professional football career kicking points leader retired season played seasons helping team win league championships span accuracy strength influenced development place kicking specialty kick field goals yards time attempts distance rarity set numerous records distance number field goals kicked career grew athletic family ferry ohio enrolled ohio_state university scholarship enlisted army sent serve world war year college deployed army surgical technician pacific theater stayed returning play helped kicking play offensive tackle won championship year league disbanded absorbed established nfl cleveland won nfl championship year league minute field goal set nfl records field goals sporting news named league valuable player won championship team repeated nfl champions retired briefly season injury returned team won nfl championship retired good season later life ran insurance business served team ambassador elected pro football hall_of_fame palm beach county sports commission named award award given annually country best college died heart attack early life born eastern ohio ferry north ohio river west_virginia parents immigrants modern day romania hungarian mother mary romanian father john owned ran tavern main street smallest stature boys athletic family brother alex star basketball player university kentucky member national championship teams football basketball baseball ferry high school purple riders won state basketball championship captain captain baseball team learned older brother frank practiced trying kick balls telephone wires friends played touch football street college career military service graduated high school enrolled athletic scholarship ohio_state university columbus played tackle freshman team played games kicked field goals including yards away enlisted army world war intensified went basic training texas brooks general hospital san_antonio stint short lived army service training program sent infantry division serve surgical technician okinawa places pacific theater day landed philippines saw soldier shot face stationed bank tents miles lines helped doctors tend wounded saw lot men wounded severe injuries later said lose legs hanging stuff like tough thing hardened accept army received package paul brown ohio_state football coach contained contract sign play team brown coaching new america football conference signed contract agreed join team called cleveland war ended got month end war annual salary professional career following discharge military service reported training camp bowling green ohio showed army carrying clothes bag joined quarterback graham receivers mac form core new team offense mainly years played big team early success season set professional football record field goals extra points advanced championship new_york_yankees ankle game missed field goals cleveland won powerful offense led graham finished season record championship game injured watch team won second championship row success followed nicknamed toe sportswriter kicking abilities led league field goals team won games recording professional football perfect season grew star began playing regularly offensive tackle beginning highlight year yard field goal brooklyn dodgers longest kick pro football history attempt field goals range teams yards weapon tommy james holder years later said championship win followed dissolved season teams absorbed established national_football_league nfl war shortened college career continued study ohio_state offseason early years graduated degree business married year girl ferry working model new_york_city dated debut nfl season closely watched team dominated short existence nfl owners coaches considered league inferior cleveland doubts rest game time defending champion philadelphia eagles winning game washington later season broke year old nfl record kicking 13th field goal season scored touchdown career game reception graham ended regular season record american conference tied new_york_giants forced playoff giants kicked winning field goal minute play faced los_angeles championship game came game nfl leading terms points scored accuracy success rate era teams fewer half attempts went ahead early game touchdown pass star quarterback bob scoring run dick graham came touchdowns receiver time wound fourth quarter ahead cleveland final chance win game graham drove offense yard line set field goal attempt yard try sailed seconds left giving victory biggest kick career thought miss said later season named pro bowl nfl star game cleveland reached championship game lost time rematch yard field goal game record championship super bowl stood years named pro bowl season scenario repeated reached championship years lost times detroit lions playing cracked ribs championship loss missed field goals set record field goals success rate single season mark stood years pro bowl team pro selection years came win championship year named nfl valuable player sporting news cleveland won championship beating named pro bowl pro teams hurt graham retirement season cleveland losing season kicking continued strength ensuing years reached pro bowl tied sam baker league leader points scored cleveland reached championship game lost lions lost new_york_giants single elimination playoff failed reach postseason sat season injury presumed retired kicking visible contribution team offensive tackle injury brown replaced dick got credit deserved tackle play probably great kicking skills got notoriety andy defensive end played later said took scouting team focused insurance business started thought retired said following year came team urging art bought year wanting use roster spot kicking specialist injury prevented playing line brown signed sam baker kick play eager return insisted stayed team team won championship scored points game quarter field goal kicked yards baltimore end zone preventing return cleveland won retired good seasons professional football held nfl career records points scored field goals extra points field goals extra points total points nfl counting years career point total original team years old quit game said memoir retiring day football life salary final year later life death retired entertained offer play san_francisco reluctant want family insurance business west_coast offered spot kicking coach helping mentor young don declined later life ambassador father figure inviting dinner helping find apartments continued run successful insurance business lived ohio near headquarters training facility wife known team family relocated baltimore renamed team provoking wave anger disbelief fans players leading critic saying like man walking wife wrote memoir titled toe story restarted expansion team late 1990s hip disease suffered heart attack dinner wife columbia hills country club columbia station ohio taken hospital heights ohio died buried sunset memorial park north ohio wife sons daughter following death wore number helmets season legacy kicking style field goals long viewed important football strategy kicking specialists rarity time success distances yards raised bar league set single season nfl records accuracy distance number field goals years league marks went unbeaten kicking specialists common feature game early 1970s kicking difference games years teams began notice field goals difference nfl playoffs championship game everybody started pay attention field goals started win games pat said led nfl field goals times career straight ahead approached football straight line foot aiming middle ball early career ground straight line help guide kicks later piece inch tape rolled inside helmet rule banned use artificial kicking aids including tape straight ahead style era supplanted soccer style kicking foot don know kids kick soccer style said kick ball foot supposed better control don know tried named national_football_league 1950s decade team inducted pro football hall_of_fame retired number team ring honor grouping best players club history names displayed upper deck seats stadium palm beach county sports commission established award given best national collegiate athletic association football bowl subdivision division training facility ohio located boulevard kicking shoes collection institution washington


brien brien born april american football outside linebacker currently free agent drafted arizona cardinals fourth round nfl draft played seasons member seattle super bowl championship season atlanta played college football wisconsin fifth year senior defensive end wisconsin ranked second nation tackles loss second big conference quarterback sacks ncaa division football season earned second team honorable mention american publications team big conference selection earned defensive mvp award east west shrine game injured practice senior bowl subsequent week high school attended north chicago community high school high school lake county illinois county second team selection team selection football special mention state selection basketball county honorable mention high school played wide receiver sophomore defensive end junior end linebacker receiver kick punt senior ran track rated 55th best high school football linebacker country ranked 24th best defensive end country 24th best football illinois college career appear games recorded statistics appeared games recorded tackle september citadel sack august team concluded career total sacks accumulated forced june year old lost year old brother drowned beach big conference runner sacks ryan runner graham ranked second nation game conclusion big conference football season team big selection coaches media concluded career wisconsin football team december sports bowl ncaa division football season second team american selection honorable mention college football news sports_illustrated pro football weekly season october big defensive player week october performance minnesota golden selected midseason award january east west shrine game earned defensive mvp game recorded interception max hall pass solo tackles game projected play linebacker nfl week practice shrine game performed order demonstrate nfl potential scouts subsequent week practice january senior bowl tore anterior professional career arizona cardinals drafted 4th round nfl draft overall arizona cardinals injured considered good value talent level near round draft choice level expected begin nfl season physically unable perform list return late year outside linebacker played defensive line college projected play outside linebacker cardinals porter davis roster signed year contract july august placed reserve non football injury list nfl debut october week tampa bay forced minnesota november kick coverage recovered touchdown recorded nfl sack december sacked stephen yard loss arizona win dallas cardinals january regular season finale san_francisco sacked alex smith yard loss sack game december wallace fourth quarter plays overtime victory cleveland starter nfl season july released arizona cardinals seattle july claimed seattle posted sack newton debut helping win super bowl free agent march new_york_giants agreed year million contract deal called problem physical signed atlanta march signed atlanta personal eldest children anthony dawn younger brother admiral plays basketball university tennessee uncle carter played safety cousin bobby long national_football_league careers


september november civil rights leader american guard played football university_of_michigan wore varsity second depending source african american university_of_michigan player american football illness cut short collegiate athletic career michigan pursued career active community leader contributed time public service helped integrate grand michigan financing home construction majority neighborhood african american american football player michigan born georgia raised michigan named detroit michigan city team high school football season son solomon father bobby grant graduating high school attended university_of_michigan african american play michigan football team african american michigan earn american honors described second american accounts head coach said hardest working players coached offensive line included robert known seven oak posts credited group success offense included tom forest bob played minute games junior named team american international news service newspapers central press weekly second team american associated_press new_york sun teammate tom came tuberculosis hospitalized university hospital months recalled head coach regular visitor hospital room team star tom stopped visit leave military service result missed senior year football player obtained bachelor science degree named university_of_michigan hall honor fifth class inducted twelfth michigan football player earn honor professional career community service earned university_of_michigan dental school practiced grand michigan years leader urban league united way american red_cross boy scouts america club michigan governor george appointed western michigan university board trustees served trustee served boards executive communication vice president president kent county dental society michigan american dental association trustee western michigan university trustee emeritus director boulevard memorial medical center director united way kent county contracted syndrome forced retirement 1960s helped integrate grand early 1960s african americans welcome grand white middle class neighborhoods real estate agents houses friend adams found vacant land designated potential park site adams friends joseph lee samuel created plan purchase acres site build middle class neighborhood african americans announcement caused resulted protests lawsuits threats banks refused finance project men purchased land started building houses completed today neighborhood known auburn hills confused auburn hills michigan population lowest crime rate grand michigan alumni club gave paul distinguished alumni athletics award later years leader urban league united way groups