palace hotel perth palace hotel perth western_australia landmark storey heritage listed building located city central business district originally built hotel gold rush period western_australia history converted banking chambers offices 1980s global architecture practice woods perth headquarters woods building located prominent intersection financial district city corner terrace william street hotel opened business march slightly smaller contemporary buildings capital cities described beautiful elegant hotels praise included luxury paris napoleon iii later day melbourne sydney operated licensed premises style heritage features building described federation free classical architectural style storeys high brick iron construction designed architects porter thomas built prominent mining entrepreneur real estate investor john cost public lobby group known palace guards formed push state planning authorities preservation building building entered register national trust australia june elevated permanent entry class example quality building time gold rush period leading 1980s redevelopment lobbying palace guards national trust western_australia public large pushed retention elements original building legislation enforcing compliance heritage preservation orders enacted site subject heritage agreement state recorded permanent entry state heritage register heritage council western_australia cultural significance ornate grand style prominent position city building type scale terrace hotel important landmark perth life early years hotel afforded commercial travellers high level comfort visiting city offered reminder wealth prosperity state gold boom period prior construction perth town hall site housed hotel pre eminent social political focus town important decisions establishment local police force time transformation banking chambers 1980s considerable amounts nostalgia place perth reflected local media history site lodging house king head hotel operated owned operated william sold william henry known hotel social centre town important celebrations conducted perth gazette wrote august employed classes enjoyed table gentry merry hotel occasion king birthday celebrations august types meat choice hotel extended time known tavern housed lodge western_australia following death wife transferred management julian merchant later prominent local politician chairman perth city_council time known hotel number running intervening years including wife future premier sir walter james george prominent fire rear hotel destroyed number adding premises general american real estate investor john purchased property widow sites terrace engaged architects porter thomas design new palace hotel site expense spared construction materials imported marble mosaic floor tiles main entrance bar room floors came italy boasted having electric light gas laid room electric bells speaking tubes placed reputed lift perth serving floor commenced construction nearby melbourne hotel similar style degree john state member parliament leased palace hotel carried additions modifications building including addition bedroom wings north east wings newspaper advertisement dated boasted hotel finest hotel state number private apartments writing room library fine dining hall grand electric light electric elevator large sample rooms died ownership passed west australian trustee agency company limited lease maintained death charles brothers ltd purchased property younger relative previous james henry took lease major internal renovations costing undertaken time including bar areas conversion basement room new bar area external renovations major project commenced costing included installation air conditioning private replacement timber concrete prior refurbishment engraved lettering palace hotel displayed entrance 1980s redevelopment commonwealth banking corporation purchased property announcement planned site high rise offices soon public campaign developed group known palace guards strong lobbying force state government heritage organisations pushing building preservation group inaugural meeting held march hotel professor architecture university new_south_wales wrote time important building history australian architecture extreme example high victorian architecture hotels standard australia knowledge campaign opposing demolition culminated condemnation plan national estates committee appeal bank australian government acquire property bond corporation ultimately purchased property adjacent terrace arcade unveiled plans pre approved perth city_council modern office block demolition parts existing building adjoining properties developers successfully sought modification original planning approval council allow use palace hotel bank remaining public hotel development plans summarised trust news journal national trust australia erection multi multi use tower block north east corner site retention palace hotel structure south west corner development covered structures linking william street george terrace require demolition structure housing terrace arcade demolition eastern accommodation wing hotel reconstruction northernmost portion william street façade reconstruction dining room tower project restoration hotel carried joint venture bond corporation bank demolition tasks commencing august hotel closed june amid demolition works construction august construction completed tower foundation levels underground parking project completed officially opened august premier peter redevelopment entailed demolition interior old hotel exterior facing main streets largely intact slightly shortened william street frontage glass covered joins tower hotel tower entrances double undercover access building


desert inn desert inn known casino hotel las_vegas strip paradise nevada operated april august designed architect hugh taylor interior design fifth resort open strip situated desert inn road sands avenue desert inn opened rooms sky room restaurant headed chef paris highest point las_vegas strip casino square feet largest nevada time storey tower completed renovation storey tower desert inn main tower completed seven story tower tower completed second final renovation desert inn hotel las_vegas feature fountain entrance desert inn underwent million renovation expansion purchased million steve decided demolish build new hotel resort remaining towers desert inn today encore stands hotel stood original performance venue desert inn painted desert room later crystal room opened seats frank las_vegas debut september regular performer property included hole golf course hosted tour tournament champions golf course resort history hotel situated las_vegas boulevard south desert inn road sands avenue original years clark desert inn clark described frank biographer james san_diego dealer originally began building resort brother ran money author notes nearly years framed structure sat hot desert sun looking like ancient nascent casino clark approached reconstruction finance corporation investment struggling financially met head notorious cleveland gang road mob agreed fund project million construction resumed financing came american national insurance company clark public frontman resort remained quietly background principal owner resort eventually renamed desert inn called las_vegas locals regular guests desert inn opened formally april day gala heavily publicized nationally journalists major newspapers magazines invited hotel paid cover air tickets sent clark credit limit half attendees opening california nevada opening painted desert room performers bergen charlie mccarthy pat patrick dancers van desert inn orchestra led ray noble attendance number including black bill joe sam peter frank gala barbara believed marked beginning heavy involvement mafia development las_vegas early investors desert inn known notch service manager desert inn previously worked manager hotel san_francisco frequent guests hotel 1950s hotel hosted duke windsor winston_churchill senator john kennedy president harry lawrence owner new_york_city plaza hotel purchased hotel signed management deal clark remain manager early 1960s mafia financed casino hotels las_vegas strip nevada came close scrutiny fbi placed increased pressure nevada gaming control board force las_vegas sam spotted premises frank lodge casino lake gambling license removed board forced sell share sands hotel casino desert inn faced similar scrutiny fbi attracting controversy time involvement associates simultaneously called prosecution fbi illegal clark sold remaining share hotel business associates morris thomas sam tucker died heart attack following year bell captain desert inn jack butler remembered clark greatest guy town got ground came club boss agree picture taken desert inn famous guest businessman howard hughes arrived thanksgiving day renting hotel entire floors staying past initial day reservation asked leave december resort accommodate high expected new year eve instead leaving hughes started negotiations buy desert inn march hughes purchased resort million cash million loans las_vegas resort purchases hughes including sands hotel casino million frontier hotel casino million hughes refused include tour tournament champions deal moved tournament resort casino hughes continued live suite desert inn years leaving square feet bedroom usually spent time negotiating purchases business deals drawn windows doors sealed shut tape allow hotel staff come clean room eve thanksgiving removed room flown bahamas hughes death hotel remained corporation completed extensive renovation ordered sold hotel corporation known mgm desert inn sold million modern history frank celebrated birthday hotel event generated media attention dick taylor ceo public relations firm rogers recalled stars assemble casino presidential suite took entrance hotel press hundreds fans gathered like hollywood movie premiere stars interviewed red carpet went famed crystal room big deal desert inn underwent million renovation tower tower expansion building completion tower sold following year hotels resorts worldwide losing money immediately hotel sale sold sun international hotels million year rat pack estate managers sheffield enterprises inc sued desert inn claiming infringement rights use persona advertising sales including words frank blue eyes chairman board rat pack estate specifically objected use billboard advertising alcoholic wine shirts caps gift shop alleged photographs signature walls bar near entrance lounge desert inn desert inn celebrated 50th anniversary april celebrations held week celebrity golf tournament held likes robert chris donnell robert susan vincent van tony curtis festivities time capsule buried granite burial chamber april reopened april days later april resort purchased million steve closed desert inn august october tower desert inn southernmost building room mega resort planned build coming month september attacks marked fanfare previous las_vegas demolition similarity twin towers originally intended named new project opened las_vegas remaining towers tower tower temporarily gallery spanning square feet display art collection tower tower finally november architecture features initial hotel million property set acres designed hugh taylor hired clark wayne agree design interiors noted new_york architect property conveyed image southwestern spa half ranch house half nightclub built blocks trimmed sandstone finished inside logo hotel tree hotel passed old fashioned ranch sign bearing clark desert inn scripted letters desert inn hotel las_vegas feature fountain entrance dancing waters involved fountain jets choreographed music interior hotel finished public space included registration area casino bars coffee shop restaurant commercial shops services broadcasting station ram radio guest rooms located wings situated main building surrounding figure swimming pool hotel originally rooms outfitted air conditioning individual lounge located story glass sided tower hotel known sky room largest structure strip time construction commanded views mountains desert overlooked dancing waters feature sky room restaurant headed chef paris original performance venue desert inn seat painted desert room later crystal room opened seats charles created murals band car orchestra door restaurant room doll ranch supervised play area guests children hotel ladies salon health club outset performance venue hotel lady luck lounge hotel underwent renovation early 1960s tower built 1970s hotel underwent million renovation howard hughes resumed responsibility corporation death story tower desert inn main tower completed seven story tower contained resembled modern version pyramid overlooked golf course built time bringing total room count 1950s structures property replaced modern buildings property renamed desert inn country club featured country club amenities open guests hotel including club house driving range pro shop restaurant lounge golf club tournament class outdoor tennis courts feet spa restaurants added small intimate room room chinese restaurant time sale desert inn largest frontage casino hotel las_vegas strip measuring feet feet desert inn underwent million renovation expansion partners giving new mediterranean looking exterior white red clay tile roofs room count reduced provide luxurious accommodations story palm tower completed style pool added notable changes grand lobby lounge del new golf shop country club seven story lobby fully built marble major renovation casino opening casino square feet largest nevada time room included tables wheels black jack tables slot machines hundreds coin operated gambling machines including slot machines video poker installed renovation casino acquired reputation attracting high january record las_vegas broken won anonymous desert inn playing bank machines near hotel coffee shop golf course country club hole desert inn golf club opened initially pushed idea opening golf course hotel entrance strip accessible hotels boost city profile resort destination hotel owners rejected idea built course hotel premises opened outdoor dining area accommodate swimmers prefer informal atmosphere course hosted tour tournament champions attracting professional sam arnold jack director tournament years instrumental breaking racial barrier strip broke white club convention permitting davis play course hosted golf cup golf tournament largest tournament world amateur according las_vegas sun course held distinction golf course united_states annually hosted championship tour events tour las_vegas las_vegas senior classic las_vegas international las_vegas las_vegas returned desert inn known wealthiest event world won likes curtis strange norman paul las_vegas senior classic event desert inn added senior tour won bruce course record time larry lee clark build home golf course 1950s additional homes added desert inn country club estates 1960s ownership hotel howard hughes built residential units property steve purchased resort announced real estate valuable leave golf course forced sell properties property developer bought homes closest golf course million homes perimeter resort million junior league las_vegas convinced save house demolition moved lot downtown las_vegas serve headquarters house designed architect hugh taylor rare example modernist architecture las_vegas house subsequently listed city state historic registers performances major star half 20th century played desert inn frank las_vegas debut desert inn september later said clark gave job las_vegas got dinner performed inn occasion entire month performance desert inn betty announced eddie fisher disguised elizabeth taylor performance year saw shore booked fourth performance debut performances desert inn jet magazine noted wayne newton desert inn king entertainment idols earning million year highest paid nightclub performer time performers famous crystal years included page lewis joe lewis bobby jimmy tony bennett paul louis smith recorded dot records stage live desert inn bobby famous album live desert inn recorded hotel february week long celebration frank birthday desert inn held later january announced paul dean martin steve lawrence signed year engagement agreeing perform weeks annually film television film version ocean shot desert inn las_vegas hotels robbed new year eve characters played frank dean martin film film fake covers topics scandal fake biography howard hughes desert inn residence illustrated film lost america character howard loses couple nest egg desert inn leading memorable scene albert brooks character david howard tries convince casino manager marshall money david man proposes campaign centered casino case desert inn heart desert inn heart opening scene film sister act habit took place grand ballroom hotel desert inn saw commercial use film rush hour shortly converted red dragon asian themed casino set hotel served primary backdrop aired abc 1980s aaron spelling soap opera dynasty included footage hotel use presidential suite hit 1980s nbc series filmed 60th las_vegas set episode inn exterior interior shown regularly episode legacy closure desert inn subsequent demolition unpopular mark end old las_vegas historian michael green stated lot people outside las_vegas places desert inn sands meant las_vegas places represent images las_vegas far greater way dunes landmark robert howard hughes publicist years remarked desert inn gem las_vegas hotel remained popular locals end heavily tourism driven modern las_vegas emerged 1990s desert inn road east west las_vegas valley roadway exists major east west surface street strip connect las_vegas boulevard


manila hotel manila hotel room historic star hotel located manila bay manila philippines hotel oldest premiere hotel philippines built rival palace official residence president philippines opened commemoration american independence july hotel complex built reclaimed area square metres northwestern end park drive served residence general douglas tenure military advisor philippine commonwealth hotel contains offices foreign news organizations including new_york_times hosted numerous world historical persons celebrities including authors james actors douglas john wayne publisher henry davis michael_jackson beatles president john kennedy prime minister sir anthony world leaders hotel tower built hotel renovation expansion tallest hotel tower manila bay area history united_states took philippine islands spanish spanish american war president william began spanish colony appointed william howard head philippine commission evaluate needs new territory later philippines civilian governor general decided manila capital planned town hired architect city daniel hudson built union station postal square building washington manila mind long wide tree lined boulevard bay beginning park area dominated magnificent hotel execute plans hired william parsons new_york architect envisioned impressive comfortable hotel lines california mission original design shaped plan focused rooms wings providing grand harbor floor fact large viewing deck functions including watching american navy steam harbor renovation start philippine commonwealth president hired paris trained filipino architect san son painter juan charge renovations manila hotel supervision renowned engineering firm company hotel residence general douglas military advisor commonwealth converted hotel floor elegant expanded west wing northward creating air annex designed key public rooms like pavilion biggest function room hotel hotel site festivities inauguration philippine commonwealth government november world war world war hotel occupied japanese troops japanese flag flown walls entirety war battle liberation manila hotel set fire japanese shell building survived blaze structure later reconstructed martial law dictatorship ferdinand accordance presidential decree old manila hotel company government took ownership government service insurance system given mandate form new subsidiary corporation restore expand manila hotel following decades wife frequently seen hotel restaurants visits red carpet air sprayed patronage hotel international recognition awards place seen martial law years renovation hotel expanded rooms addition high rise hotel building original story structure renovations headed national artists architecture partner international interior design firm associates guest amenities updated including executive services language translation business library color television closed circuit movies hotel interiors simplified mission style gave way lavish inauguration formal reopening ceremonies manila hotel held october transfer ownership government service insurance system called bidding sell property tender went malaysian firm combine chinese filipino owner manila bulletin country largest newspaper circulation went supreme_court philippines won matching bid citing constitution filipino policy ownership national percent ownership awarded manila prince hotel corporation new owners joined april percent signed check million took property things pull brass lobby recommendation expert replace centennial manila hotel underwent series renovations time centennial celebration hotel rooms refurbished renovated equipped modern facilities amenities rooms windows enlarged hotel opened health club manila hotel health spa january manila hotel tent city located west original structure opened performance conference hall accommodate guests wedding conventions exhibitions high ceilings allow complex venue set ups design tent center stage hotel celebrated 100th anniversary centennial ball july president iii guest honor political events years manila hotel scene historic events country philippine constitutional convention held pavilion hotel november convention attended delegates called change philippine constitution existence start philippine commonwealth political party ferdinand held convention manila hotel february presidential election delivered speech hotel turning point presidential campaign rule ended february revolution july group military officers loyal deposed president took manila hotel declared vice presidential running mate president coup long surrendered days later hotel received international attention lady celebrated birthday hotel manila elite turned event features lobby measuring feet long feet wide lobby lined white columns floor philippine marble brass crystal furniture carved philippine hotel bedroom suite residence living country suite located 5th floor original structure expensive suite private swimming pool 18th floor view manila bay park 16th century spanish walled city opposite hotel like presidential suite decorated rare paintings asian filipino crafts presidential provide hour butler service facilities services hotel guest facilities services include luxury car rental roof deck airport transfer transport assistance medical clinic business center internet access hour menu room service laundry service hair salon shops recreation manila hotel spa located bay offering guests use outdoor pool health club restaurants hotel restaurants bars offering range chinese european cafe champagne room palace tap room bar lobby lounge pool bar


hotel london london grade listed star hotel located london england symbol high society luxury hotel world prestigious best known hotels member international consortium leading hotels world hotel opened swiss years established paris weak beginning hotel began gain popularity end world war popular politicians writers actors day particular david lloyd george held number secret meetings half war decision intervene behalf greece turkey notable 1920s 1930s owned smith family period group companies purchased hotel million house october spent years million restoring hotel receive royal warrant prince wales banquet catering services exterior structurally visually franco american style little trace english architecture heavily influenced architectural traditions paris facade roughly feet feet arlington street feet green park corners pavilion roofs large green copper lions emblem hotel rooms club owned london clubs casino basement hotel occupying space bar offers black jack poker slot machines interior designed mainly london paris based designers louis style consistent author marcus describes great suite ground floor rooms time hotel architecture compares royal palace grand proportions sparkling widely known facility palm court hosts famous tea decorated cream colored louis setting mirrors bronze frames hotel private dining rooms marie suite rooms grade listed william kent house bar built art style designed interior designer kennedy resemble bar orient express history construction early history swiss manager hotel opened hotel built site old white horse cellar best known coaching england financial felt secured prime sites london project began negotiations completed transactions simultaneous purchase house hotel adjacent estate bath hotel demolition hotels began building louis manner built resemble stylish block flats arcades consciously evoked architects charles previously designed paris arthur davis engineering collaboration swedish engineer earliest substantial steel frame structures london hotel extension capital materials construction hotel initial fees ranged opening long running feud hotel lord steel magnate lived door house lasted years dispute land number locals concerned building impact health construction series events highlighted need luxury hotel london june daily_mail news story reported derby week height tourist season making hotel accommodation impossible find refuse reservations buckingham palace turned offices makeshift hotel rooms visitors estimated persons needing rooms expected shortly coming visit king spain opening brought marked change hotels provided services guests determined london hotel surpass competitor delivery installed large lead lined tanks roof provide steady stream hot cold water hotel having heated bar bedroom hotel provided working fireplace free standing fear dust settling instead built rooms doors matching ideas prompted originally painted white beds brass wood reasons new potentially useful available guests health declined collapse feeling assume active role plans hotel opening dinner unlike opening paris society invited london opening members national international press major british newspapers daily_mail daily_mirror daily_telegraph invited dinner newspapers included sydney morning herald new_york_times guest list included engineer architects structure key staff members new hotel wives hotel immensely profitable opening years smaller new hotels period fashionable initially resented london elite considered vulgar took thousand pounds previous year hotel lost july led replacement manager appointment charles van manager restaurant hotel suffered blow death king edward planned functions cancelled began following year fashionable prince wales regularly king edward particularly fond hotel regularly send supply kept confidence king chef wanted known food prepare served buckingham palace retained control hotel operation years hired world famous chef provide cuisine match hotel decorations placed special bell staff impending arrival royalty hotel praised architecture professor charles reilly wrote building magazine calling finest modern structure street general form high society august lady diana future husband cooper foreign office official earl essex american wife née grant patrick stewart later day announced world war broken party war began german austrian retained tables restaurant hotel suffered war lost nearly ballroom usually lights went rooms demand believed worth keeping open lady daughter law lord documented diaries spring following year held lavish dinner party likes gilbert russell september shell exploded green park close proximity according lord churchill broke windows adjacent house david lloyd george held number secret meetings half war organised sir decision intervene behalf greece turkey duke recorded dining social world goes prices cheap women latest asked hotels london early 1920s barbara remarked stood standards businessman fast ones frankly berkeley dance night shillings young manager died replaced walter salesman promoting hotel especially mainland europe hotel time unpopular louis 1st earl burma frequented time sub lieutenant onwards friend charlie arrived london september year absence great crowds gathered station hotel policemen stayed floor suite photographed throwing fans arlington street balcony popular film stars executives staying london hotel kept names secret records douglas known frequent 1920s director alexander talent scout held table 1930s regular 1920s 1930s met michael restaurant discuss urgent problem generating funding new play vortex gave question vortex major success song children featured revue words music penned numerous authors began meet period began literature michael novel piracy hotel described stout solid building manner old originally conceived doubt fearful eye class prejudice running gag novels later hotel appears anthony dance music time narrator nicholas meets poet mark members golden palm court hotel mentioned special atmosphere palm court filled society famous actors actresses seldom actually lunch american ladies parade corridor awaiting guests like club hotel bound friends meet obvious choice combination essentially happy atmosphere staff knew everybody personal friends days courtesy unlike hotels thought home sense applied sir michael 3rd life young man 1930s william 3rd baron succeeded harry chairman death especially keen attracting american guests hotel close friend earl american wife catherine times couple freely given entire second floor hotel accommodate guests death lord told begin paying staying hotel given slight reduction old time sake later remarked london home years fond place knows better khan involved organising round table conference hotel attended occasion khan took palm court hold meeting followers 1930s restaurant manager popular character according montgomery future edward viii associates seen 1930s evening standard observed prince performing dance floor prince wales misses opportunity raise stand dancing danced lasted thirty minutes edward brother duke kent married princess marina greece denmark garden celebration queen mother attend private parties period king bulgaria queen marie romania point hosted reigning monarchs simultaneously king king egypt spain king queen netherlands romance edward viii simpson public knowledge parties found separate tables near restaurant door case exit necessary suffered effects general strike subsequently seeing competition likes hotel house great depression brought sharp decline business hotel summer staff wages reduced kitchen workers directors cut wages increase earnings fred recommended hotel commence putting advertised evening standard programme immediate success january austrian comedian oliver hired perform hotel weeks appeared month following year bbc began broadcasting live performances restaurant hotel pianist billy berlin song grew popularity performed joe dance band james shortly succeeded director replaced von board hotel development company chairman paris world war world war integral political social life elite number eminent politicians moved hotel russell wife writer christopher stated enjoyed tremendous vogue war meeting place night crowded safe angela sister remarked ideal meeting place gathering news husbands wars took residence period later moved summer royal family including king queen crown prince king sisters moved hotel given floor escorted chamberlain diplomats paris numerous brought royal gold kept deposited bank england concerns safety air raids ladies converted private shelter following air raid bomb fell berkeley shattering glass royal family moved remained spring offered lord house total damaged times bombing raids restaurant closed twice occasion royal broadcast united_states queen netherlands grand charlotte king norway king christian denmark staying time entertain guests private hotel times week war years winston_churchill dwight charles met marie suite hotel discuss operations served observer political society london anglo american politician tree spent time tree lived winter long later churchill second wife john churchill 10th duke architectural writer james writer norman douglas regular wartime according forbes hope world war basement bar reserved gay lesbian guests upstairs guests hope described stated bar popular authorities morgan 2nd brian howard regulars basement bar post war years hotel owned thirty years smith family significant stakes nearby park lane hotel family quick earn profit hotel turbulent period years world war workers strike restaurant attracting significant criticism quality cuisine occasion group patrons known friends met sir smith park lane hotel complain standards smith informed satisfactory reputation postwar years including horse trainer peter sixth floor window october french gangster baron love interest hill death second floor room march refused marry killing silk throat nonetheless continued social hub aristocracy attract world elite 1950s popular wealthy family khan oil magnate paul richest man world time lived war occasion photographer working time life magazines staged incident outside hotel arranging pour pavement emerged hotel photographed went pick shell oil lived hotel years altercation lover threw trousers window tired high life spent period working albert colony french africa film stars regular guests hotel married prince khan notable resident period expansive kept permanent suite demands foods season january prime minister stayed hotel met sir edward high commissioner london restaurant event concern human rights issues time demonstrated outside hotel displaying banners children home issuing racial attacked left hotel speculated mistaken george served head porter years retiring health reasons recommended job sir book george remembered notable people events years service acted agent having given monarch place asked year old prince khan month long tour united_states help young man forget failed romance saw man entering hotel called man stop man turned face recognised king bulgaria railroad buff returning driving special train later history social scene changed dramatically london 1960s sexual revolution british aristocracy capital time general standards fallen noted change precisely sense luxurious long faded set place usually kept alive memories preferred nostalgia comfort celebrities held parties hotel rolling_stones guests years british prime ministers wilson edward heath heath reserve table restaurant 1970s hotel fell turbulent period terrorist threats irish republican army chief concern bomb uncommon oil crisis early 1970s directly affected business prompted smith family sell stake house april time sale hotel occupancy rate percent room closed lost bit money recent times brought weekly sunday tea dances popular 1920s 1930s demand hotel considered restricting afternoon tea hotel guests staying unable table barred restriction voiced disapproval compromised requiring reservations afternoon tea hotel proper attire tea refused admit tea wearing jacket tie twins group companies purchased hotel million house october company investments spent years million restoring years death princess diana prince parker public appearance left birthday party parker sister couple returned hotel november prince birthday party attended queen duke edinburgh hotel receive royal warrant royal prince wales catering services acquired adjoining house january people evacuated nearby fair hotel following fire alarm hotel hurt blaze started basement casino kitchen extraction casino suffered minor damage british prime minister margaret died following stroke april criticism paid corporation tax taken twins accounts indicate profitable hotel uses series tax reduce corporation tax zero sir david son stated company law architecture authors montgomery describe product near patron architects genius working complete harmony social architectural day building regarded masterpiece day finished architects charles arthur davis educated prestigious des arts paris education received clear design buildings particularly renaissance influence delivering authentic fabric traditional french previously designed hotel paris met arthur davis began working preparing designs grand paris exhibition architects worked plans london according montgomery exterior structurally visually franco american influence little trace english architecture exterior represents evocative confluence architectural traditions arcade echoes ground floor place steep skyline green park facade echoes work tall windows wall panels resemble earlier work smaller building home ferry excavation hotel began contractors white building ltd june completed october opened following building progress documented month builder journal architectural engineer edition noted difficulties aspects construction ton feet steel narrow building site architect contract reporter noted limited space allow storage materials site mortar mixed basement stone dressed platform watertight roof red brick foundations earlier house away facilitate foundations steel structure concrete total estimated cost going french english john bishop swedish born consultant engineers building phase facade roughly feet feet arlington street feet green park site presented initial problems builders davis dealt brilliant perspective effects according curving walls conceal rapidly diminishing space hotel purpose provide space expensive norwegian granite material ground floor portland stone steel frame building germany based model early 1880s chicago increase fire resistance erected oxford street walls conducted company pittsburgh london steel bars allowing ventilation remaining sound proof free vibration internal walls consist hollow blocks covered plaster hotel corners pavilion roofs large green copper lions emblem hotel interior hotel designed mainly london paris based designers louis style consistent giving hotel special atmosphere perfect elegant restraint marcus describes great suite ground floor rooms time hotel architecture compares royal palace grand proportions sparkling responsible fine design work interiors ground floor plan dated illustrated large main restaurant overlooking terrace garden large central grand gallery winter garden circular reception room marie suite near restaurant numerous shops room entrance right entrance doors staircase leading room eastern hall lay western end beneath restaurant today home club wide vaulted corridor long gallery runs arlington street entrance east restaurant west finely woven intricate triangular shaped staircase features building southwest corner curving main staircase built allow women dramatic entrance best effect palm court widely known facility palm court decorated cream coloured louis setting decorated lavish including louis oval backs architects designed based research french neo classical furniture design room mirrors glass bronze frames high work according montgomery comfort high life originally large windows end court known winter garden replaced panels mirrors fountain court known source marble sculpted gold colour featured wrought iron glass roof palm court contains wrought iron ceiling contains lion skin motifs room soft remained chose colour women weeks experimentation palm court setting world famous institution tea frequented king edward vii sir winston_churchill queen elizabeth queen mother acquired reputation place tea london world war 1920s small orchestra play regularly court film producer john instance recalled requested play hot winter garden central grand gallery screen featuring columns dining hotel private dining rooms marie suite rooms grade listed william kent house marcus states restaurant beautiful interiors london claimed beautiful restaurant world commented room heavily designed bronze fortunate hotel built steel walls collapse weight bronze flanking entrance main restaurant life sized figures set bronze holding bronze lights mounted polished marble bronze restaurant adjacent guest room designed sons paris ceiling described montgomery painted ceiling pinkish clouds drift blue sky encircled bronze feature influenced 18th century saint known given city paris king queen january northern end arcade floor ceiling mirrors divided room effect especially lights day winter south end restaurant davis figures known thames ocean norwegian pink marble believed inspired louis seize major renovation hotel project hidden clean cloth louis restaurant upset possibly disturbing sight renovation columns hotel stripped coats cream coloured paint display original pink marble work renovation restore clean keeping original colour scheme furniture original opening use new items faithful copies styled originals hotel retained buttons maid servant refusing patrons telephone services inception kitchen run mainly french specialist russian famous king edward regular orders buckingham palace paris appointed chef des invented dishes salmon sole served small apple chicken accompanied pinkish hotel renowned supreme catering service fine rooms executives directors multi national firms table restaurant needs booked weeks advance bar built art style designed interior designer kennedy look like bar orient express lounge decorated louis style influenced design cumberland house rooms decorated clear william chambers robert adam influences meals served china suite banquet catering services received royal warrant prince wales marie suite marie suite accessed main restaurant according marcus detail room bronze egg modelled floral motifs common feature room given namesake marie represents flowers basket flowers flowers frames oval small entrance lobby suite statues spring summer drum shaped bronze flowers ventilation considerable size decorated walls series lamp holders held miniature apollo holder containing leaves opened lights according hung tied bows intervals flowers descending cluster panels walls treated like picture frames inner outer contrast window frames wall mirrors surrounded clusters curtain hang according rooms london main divided principal categories superior queen king twin executive king twin deluxe king twin superior queen king rooms square feet square feet size respectively executive deluxe king rooms square feet square feet divided categories junior suite superior suite executive suite deluxe suite suite berkeley suite include signature royal suite prince wales suite unique style executive typically face south square feet size small lounge area antique furniture junior antique furniture square feet size bedroom range size square feet square feet william kent house william kent house known house opened extension house converted complete function area music room room queen elizabeth room william kent room arlington suite royal suite prince wales suite rooms louis grade building carefully restored given modern touch period things like flat screen restoration won royal institute british architects national gold medal club club casino basement hotel occupying space bar original structure ballroom located edition truth magazine described basement room hall ivory white mirrors walls reflecting endless intersection arched ceilings rooms balls theatrical shows stage south end hall mid 1920s room relocated hall furnished circular tables oval chairs stated scene finest private public balls given london world war known nightclub interior club simulate combat complete club types liquor bottles candles light dance floor crowded wartime later declined popularity ross charge bar years bar known regulars bar closed ross retired 1970s basement rooms closed public house agreed lease basement club opened following year separate management hotel basement restored hotel louis style decorations included sheets gold leaf gold leaf spared blue sky clouds painted ceiling gaming tables restoration consisted cleaning recovering original color scheme furniture restored original state replaced restored stephen appointed head chef recruited exclusive club restaurant opened club open members hotel guests unlike charges fee enter games considered high stakes minimum bet usually high offer black jack poker slot machines club purchased london clubs moved premises club james street basement new company formed june hotel casino ltd granted legal permission open casino quick refurbishment reopened september exclusive membership members permitted invite guest club divided main areas restaurant bar lounge private gaming room situated hall july london high_court heard case club claimed taken advantage asked million losses popular culture novel work suspended features scene narrator falls love friend wife bennett play years later set basement war universe book good primary characters angel demon frequent hotel mentioned song sang berkeley square queen good old fashioned lover boy large portions romantic comedy hill filmed hotel


virgin hotels chicago virgin hotels chicago old bank building north avenue historic building loop community area chicago illinois converted use office building use hotel run mobile app based business model room hotel richard virgin hotels brand hotels geared female business traveller old bank building situated intersection east lake street north avenue old bank building constructed ornate medieval mythological decoration typical movie palaces contemporaries architecture designed building buildings designed office building soon old bank opened acquired parent company united_states great depression building stories high designated chicago landmark june foot light brown brick building steel structure includes floors ground owners building million loan john life insurance resulting acquisition loan property undisclosed urban street properties april building acquired previous owners million virgin hotels chicago october virgin hotels virgin group purchased building aim opening hotel approximately rooms transaction cash deal valued million company hired john company building lead architect renovation booth designers interior renovation group europe virgin hotels house design team purchase virgin hotels business plan acquire distressed properties north_america property building opened business hotel january planned virgin hotels locations operate business model renovation took longer planned building city landmark status required continuing coordination commission chicago landmarks original features retained include 1920s oak cigar bar brass elevator lobby doors ceiling final layout rooms includes single room rooms pet friendly commission chicago landmarks renovation included brick window steel frame replacement focal point renovated building publicly accessible club second floor contemporary style bar kitchen lounge area books local memorabilia time opening additional dining options expected months area carved second floor banking hall hotel check desk uses check system scan code retrieve room key machine visitors use mobile app named company describes personal comfort assistant according mary los_angeles_times app order handle room service orders serve remote control television hotel music library website suggests app control room temperature interface chat board provide local knowledge coordinate messages hotel staff asked operation virgin richard said won hidden charges won charged chocolate bar know buy store stated brand geared female business traveler rooms feature patent pending bed female friendly features dressing room shower reviews business parker noted hotel cutting edge technology opening questioned hotel gender found fault gym delayed spa opening enjoyed social normal retail prices items standard hotel notch free found appealing elements designed marketed appealing nonetheless chicago_tribune pulitzer prize winning architecture critic blair praised incorporation wildlife elements rehab resulting alliance real estate developers historic clear virgin hotels chicago seasons hotel chicago seasons describes successful recycling second tier historic building old bank building gallery


beverly_hills hotel beverly_hills hotel called beverly_hills hotel located sunset boulevard beverly_hills california world iconic best known hotels closely associated hollywood film stars rock stars celebrities hotel guest rooms designed pink green colors trademark hotel beverly_hills hotel established city existence original owners margaret anderson wealthy widow son stanley anderson managing hollywood hotel original hotel designed architect grey mediterranean revival style hotel owned van railway news hotel company vice president bank america purchased hotel friends including young harry warner established polo lounge years premier dining spot los_angeles hosting rat pack paid significant renovation late hotel painted famous pink color match period country club style following year architect paul williams added crescent wing strict resident owner beverly_hills hotel death detroit real estate magnate ben davis bought hotel sons law december hotel closed complete restoration reopening run prestigious collection hotel named historic landmark beverly_hills new presidential added history early history early margaret anderson wealthy widow son stanley anderson managing hollywood hotel ordered construction beverly_hills hotel close proximity burton green mansion burton green oil real estate developer president land water company purchased land foothills santa mountains owned mexican government begun building land including residence investing having difficulty selling hired anderson build hotel named farms home massachusetts believing attract people area billing halfway los_angeles sea hollywood film industry taking time investors looking develop area edition los_angeles_times announced news huge mission style hotel built anderson motto guests entitled best regardless cost hotel opened city existence margaret stanley took residence hotel grounds hollywood directors actors actresses mary douglas charlie rogers purchased homes area transforming fields surrounding beverly_hills hotel prime real estate city beverly_hills established hotel built douglas bought lodge hotel expanded wife mary known according publication star know finally received dinner invitation resided hotel divorce donated portion hotel original grounds community beverly_hills create community public park originally known sunset park rogers memorial park early tradition annual easter egg hunt children guests employees silent film star lloyd early hotel patron decided film scene hotel sailor man hotel owned van railway news hotel company van close hotel great depression years leased properties bank america funding hotel reopened glamour years 1930s beverly_hills hotel increasingly popular hollywood film stars fred took shine hotel enjoyed reading daily variety hollywood reporter pool pictured hotel sand pool club established hotel proved extremely popular white sand imported arizona pool area look like beach following year began hosting fashion shows sponsored local department stores hotel long time patrons instrumental bringing change policy polo lounge compulsory women don skirts refused wear vice president bank america purchased hotel friends young harry warner owners hotel result investment established polo lounge honor celebrity band polo players victories restaurant matches fields howard hughes bought half dozen lived occasions decades hotel accommodated including request beef delivered tree beverly_hills hotel underwent significant renovation late expanded painted stripes opened crystal room restaurant later called building painted famous pink color match country club style period known pink palace following year architect paul williams added crescent wing fountain coffee shop opened time detroit real estate magnate ben bought hotel million later hotel reputation beverly_hills hotel leading luxury hotel glamorous patrons took 1950s attracted eminent guests duke windsor princess margaret lord king albert belgium crown prince grace kelly john wayne henry elizabeth taylor hotel best known guests stay numerous husbands spent father owned art gallery ground floor hotel polo lounge associated frank dean martin rat pack held heavy drinking bouts pool hotel club filming location designing women starring gregory monroe stayed hotel production george let love monroe favorite george hamilton harrison enjoyed hotel harrison nude answer door wearing private parts comedy picture sleeping bed starring dean martin elizabeth montgomery john carol shot hotel 1970s john_lennon hid week richard nixon chief staff presidential aide john eating breakfast polo lounge informed january peter died sudden heart attack sitting hotel lobby months later posthumously awarded academy_award best actor role howard film network star stayed hotel winning academy_award best actress film memorable photograph seated hotel pool chair surrounded newspapers oscar trophy exterior hotel featured album cover art eagles hotel california year years later california suite filmed hotel later history owner ben died passed hotel daughters wife stock trader davis bought hotel sons law bought outstanding stock reported fortune decided sell despite desire hotel year later davis sold hotel sultan million december hotel closed complete restoration said region million project lasted half years hotel reopening june upgrades furniture fittings hotel managed owned collection organized manage hotel interests investment agency west_coast regional director collection oversees beverly_hills hotel hotel air hotel celebrated year anniversary began lobby polo lounge pool cafe guest rooms renovated hotel named historic landmark beverly_hills september controversy boycott sultan stake ownership hotel drew controversy april initiated phase phase plan adapt legal system include aspects law approval persecution complex legal system system involving separate courts legislation islamic non islamic citizens protest united_states national lgbt advocacy organization gill action fund canceled reservation hold conference major donors beverly_hills hotel demanded deposit hotel management responded issuing statement asserting basis sexual orientation fashion designers brian peter subsequently called wider protests urging fashion industry boycott hotels owned collection boycott attracted support sir richard virgin group numerous hollywood executives stars including jay_leno ellen degeneres addition string organizations joined boycott reservations hold conferences high profile events establishment travel industry firms likewise signed boycott collection hotels including russell kim spoken boycott stated despite disapproval new laws unfair punish employees hotel similarly published blog post voicing criticism boycott expressing sympathies hotel workers magazine said protests affect government policy collection annual revenue million billion assets oil gas beverly_hills city_council passed resolution urging sultan sell beverly_hills hotel mayor beverly_hills time welcomed resolution added personal decision return hotel situation solved decision lauded temple jewish journal reported million worth events canceled beverly_hills hotel dozens groups collection chief executive officer christopher responded controversy asking public consider issue hand broader perspective citing fact brands backed foreign investors law exists alongside systems adopted muslim countries including saudi_arabia major investments american industry including seasons hotel chains declared bad press protests glamorous image beverly_hills hotel famous hotels world added extreme brand damage difficult repair architecture exterior orange coast magazine stated beverly_hills hotel icon friend wondered taxi pulled deposited red carpet realized like pink dream gold green white striped accents original main building beverly_hills hotel designed architect grey mediterranean revival style built prominence main road resembled white colonial mansion mission arches fitted furniture time set countryside high main entrance flanking center smaller lower height flags hoisted stop pavilion situated western iconic signage addition designed architect paul williams extensive gardens covering acres designed landscape architect david cook contain banana plants tropical flora danish american pool manager hotel years hotel ambassador notably opened pool hours beatles taught swim 1940s freestyle crawl appearance film interior hotel containing furniture provides pacific_ocean room known crystal room allocated small private dinner parties principal dining room accommodate people children dining room restaurant iconic polo lounge polo lounge seen premier power dining spot los_angeles lounge renovated given softer design table lamps flowers fashioned pink dark green featuring plug phone photograph bar depicts rogers lounge regulars playing polo menu offers classic mccarthy named polo playing millionaire hotel garden makes chef cooked oak food asian flair large suite converted bar fireplace hotel lobby fire going day year new wing added east main building late 1940s crescent wing known features mature rooms rooms cost night presidential typical room august night rooms balcony designed beverly_hills hotel colors expensive rooms private originally added gardens provide families return year staff hotel set gardens known bachelor row association film stars affairs including warren private pool added accommodate businessman walter favorite elizabeth taylor richard burton standing room service order bottles breakfast lunch taylor liked stayed marriage eddie fisher monroe favored features interior described cnn lush traditional decorated manner wealthy grandparents known jean ordered feet feet bed added john_lennon stayed 1970s presidential established replacing tennis courts containing private swimming pool shower howard hughes permanently kept hotel secret premises person knew hughes beverly_hills hotel chef hughes middle night prepare food alleged haunted guests reported hearing believed playing seeing gallery


called class drugs core chemical structure fusion ring ring drug discovered accidentally leo available marketed globally prescribed enhance effect gamma acid resulting hypnotic sleep inducing anti anxiety muscle properties high shorter acting cause amnesia properties useful treating anxiety muscle alcohol withdrawal medical dental procedures categorized long acting intermediate acting preferred treatment longer acting recommended treatment anxiety generally viewed safe effective short term use effects aggression occasionally occur minority people reactions worsened panic long term use controversial concerns adverse psychological physical effects decreasing effectiveness physical dependence withdrawal result adverse effects associated long term use withdrawal general leads improved physical mental health elderly increased risk suffering long term adverse effects result listed list inappropriate older adults controversy concerning safety pregnancy major uncertainty remains cause small number babies effects occur result exposure known cause withdrawal symptoms newborn taken cause dangerous deep toxic predecessors death rarely results drug taken combined central nervous system potential fatal increases commonly taken combination drugs abuse medical uses possess hypnotic muscle actions useful variety indications alcohol dependence anxiety panic administered given general tolerated safe effective drugs short term wide range conditions tolerance develop effects risk dependence withdrawal syndrome occur factors combined possible secondary effects prolonged use memory limit long term effects long term use include tendency cause depression anxiety panic disorder effectiveness rapid onset action frequently treatment anxiety associated panic disorder disagreement expert bodies long term use panic disorder views range hold effective long term reserved treatment resistant cases effective long term selective american psychiatric association guidelines note general tolerated use initial treatment panic disorder strongly supported numerous controlled trials states insufficient evidence recommend established panic disorder treatments choice treatment based patient history preference individual characteristics selective likely best choice patients panic disorder studies suggest greater frequency advantage alleviate anxiety symptoms faster preferred patients rapid control critical advantage offset possibility developing dependence recommend persons symptoms recent history substance abuse guidelines state general panic disorder continued year clinical experience support continuing treatment prevent major concerns tolerance withdrawal raised evidence significant dose patients long term patients stable retain years guidelines issued based national institute health clinical excellence nice carried systematic review different came different conclusion questioned accuracy studies controlled based findings controlled studies recommend use weeks tolerance physical dependence develop rapidly withdrawal symptoms including rebound anxiety occurring weeks use continue prescribed long term treatment anxiety disorders specific psychological recommended line treatment options drug indicated line treatment suitable long term use nice stated long term use panic disorder indication long term recommended clinical guidelines psychological therapy recommended line therapy panic disorder use found interfere gains usually administered occasionally given treatment panic attacks anxiety disorder robust short term management anxiety disorder shown effective producing long term improvement overall according national institute health clinical excellence nice immediate management necessary usually given longer weeks nice recommends longer term management likewise canadian psychiatric association recommends second line choice treatment different unsuccessful second line agents limited time relieve severe anxiety guidelines note weeks effect decrease level effective worry core cases prolonged treatment add justified review found larger effect talk therapy benefit include selective useful short term treatment use weeks recommended risk dependence preferred taken intermittently lowest effective dose improve sleep related problems shortening time spent bed falling asleep sleep time general reducing sleep quality increasing light sleep decreasing deep sleep including possible tolerance effects rebound reduced slow wave sleep withdrawal period rebound prolonged period anxiety list approved treatment fairly similar countries officially designated line prescribed treatment vary distinctly countries longer acting effects persist day general recommended release response safety concerns individuals sleep disorders increasingly prescribed americans prescribed clear new drugs better short acting groups similar according agency healthcare research quality indirect comparison indicates effects twice frequent experts suggest line long term treatment national institute health clinical excellence find convincing evidence favor drugs nice review pointed short acting drugs compared clinical trials long acting trials comparing short acting drugs appropriate short acting based nice recommended choosing hypnotic based cost patient preference older adults use treat treatments failed effective patients physician discuss increased risk including evidence shows twice traffic collisions driving patients falls hip fracture older patients prolonged medical emergency usually dealt effectively fast acting potent hospital environment line choices stronger potent action faster onset longer duration action community administration practical recently preference administration easier socially acceptable introduced enthusiastically adopted treating forms tolerance problems continued use considered line choices long term therapy widely specialist worldwide popular netherlands belgium france approved use united_states second line choices treating forms useful role short term seizure long term use requires additional caution risks rebound dose slowly tapered period months longer alcohol withdrawal commonly alcohol alternative individuals motivated stop drinking prescribed short period time reduce risks developing tolerance dependence medication longer half life dangerous potentially lethal alcohol withdrawal effects likely occur hand short acting lead breakthrough recommended setting patients risk drug accumulation particular elderly differently preferred choice management alcohol withdrawal syndrome particular prevention treatment dangerous severe predictable absorption effective preventing controlling acute anxiety treatment acute anxiety bring rapid marked moderate relief symptoms individuals recommended weeks use risks tolerance dependence lack long term effectiveness irregular needed basis cases said anxiety worst compared treatments twice likely lead underlying condition psychological recommended long term treatment anxiety disorder higher rates general safe effective short long term indications prescribed wide range conditions useful intensive care patients receiving mechanical ventilation extreme distress caution exercised situation occasional occurrence respiratory depression recommended treatment facilities available effective medication given couple hours surgery relieve anxiety produce amnesia useful patients able remember procedure patients dental procedures like surgery use controversial recommended anxious commonly prescribed use strong actions fast recovery time water reduces pain injection particularly marked properties effective amnesia desired effect known strong muscle properties useful treatment muscle tolerance develops muscle effects alternative found superior compared treat acute panic caused calm agitated individual required given injection effective short term treatment psychiatric acute bringing rapid effects effect commonly prescribed acute long term use recommended risks dependence treat forms rapid eye movement behavior disorder responds low restless legs syndrome treated line treatment option use obsessive disorder generally believed ineffective indication effectiveness found small study considered treatment option treatment resistant cases generally line treatment caused alcohol hypnotic withdrawal line treatment evidence low reduce adverse effects therapy muscle action cause respiratory depression susceptible individuals reason people sleep caution required people personality disorders intellectual disability frequent reactions major depression tendencies individuals history alcohol abuse avoid risk life threatening interactions drugs pregnancy united_states food drug administration categorized category meaning potential harm demonstrated exposure pregnancy associated slightly increased risk controversial conclusion studies find association use mothers shortly delivery result infant syndrome suffering breathing feeding difficulties cases withdrawal syndrome described exposed syndrome hard recognize starts days delivery example late day symptoms include months tapering dose pregnancy severity pregnancy better longer safety record recommended potentially harmful lowest effective dose shortest period time risks child elderly benefits risks greatest elderly elderly increased risk dependence sensitive adverse effects memory problems daytime impaired motor coordination increased risk motor vehicle accidents falls increased risk hip long term effects dependence elderly resemble depression anxiety progressively time adverse effects mistaken effects old age benefits withdrawal include improved mobility reduced risk reduced risk falls success gradual tapering great elderly younger people prescribed elderly caution short period low short intermediate acting preferred elderly high long acting recommended elderly increased adverse effects low alternatives long term use associated increased risk relationship remains inconclusive association past history use decline unclear studies reporting lower risk decline users finding association indicating increased risk decline prescribed treat symptoms like little evidence effectiveness shown benefit effects occur frequently elderly adverse effects common effects related muscle action include decreased concentration lack coordination result falls injuries particular elderly result driving skills increased likelihood road traffic accidents decreased erection problems common effect depression emerge suppressed breathing encountered use common effects include changes appetite blurred vision confusion cases liver described rare long term effects use include problems feelings turmoil difficulty thinking loss sex drive social increasing anxiety depression loss interest leisure pursuits interests inability experience express feelings occur experiences problems long term use additionally altered perception self environment relationships occur effects short term use adversely affects multiple areas notable formation consolidation memories new material induce complete amnesia researchers hold contrary opinions effects long term administration view short term effects continue long term resolved stopping usage view maintains chronic users occur short period dose anxiety disorder cause definitive studies lacking view received support analysis small studies analysis found long term use associated moderate large adverse effects areas memory commonly detected reported decreased coordination information processing verbal learning concentration authors analysis later reviewer noted analysis limited subjects taken withdrawal drug alcohol use psychiatric disorders defined included studies conducted measurements withdrawal period effects reactions increased aggression violence behavior occur reactions explained consequences subsequent loss control socially unacceptable behavior reactions rare general population rate similar occur greater frequency recreational individuals borderline personality disorder children patients high regimes groups impulse control problems important risk factor learning disabilities disorders significant risks reports involve high high effects appear chronic use long term psychiatric symptoms short term benefits anxiety sleep patients long term greater weeks use result symptoms meant treat potential explanations include problems common anxiety disorders causing depression disrupting sleep architecture deep stage sleep withdrawal symptoms rebound symptoms mimicking underlying anxiety sleep disorders benefits memory consolidation reducing fear extinction reducing trauma stress increasing vulnerability future stress anxiety temporarily exacerbated withdrawal psychiatric symptoms usually taking fortunately induced problems functioning significantly improves year reinforcement disorders tolerance main problem chronic use development tolerance dependence tolerance diminished effect develops relatively quickly hypnotic muscle actions tolerance anti anxiety effects develops slowly little evidence continued effectiveness months continued use general tolerance effects occur controversy exists tolerance effects evidence retain opposing evidence systematic review literature tolerance frequently occurs evidence anxiety long term use question tolerance effects likewise unclear evidence suggests partial tolerance develop memory limited narrow window minutes dose major disadvantage tolerance effects develops relatively quickly adverse effects persist tolerance develops hypnotic effects days weeks effects weeks months unlikely effective long term treatments sleep anxiety effects disappear tolerance depression high risk commonly persist studies confirmed long term significantly different sleep anxiety explain patients commonly increase time eventually type loses effectiveness additionally tolerance effects develops quickly tolerance effects taking achieve desired effects suffer sudden respiratory depression death patients anxiety disorders symptoms persist months making tolerance effects distinct problem necessitating need effective long term treatment withdrawal symptoms management abrupt reduction dose relatively short course treatment weeks result groups symptoms rebound withdrawal rebound symptoms return symptoms patient treated worse withdrawal symptoms new symptoms occur stopped main sign physical dependence frequent symptoms withdrawal problems muscle frequent effects depression behavior severe symptoms usually occur result abrupt rapid withdrawal abrupt withdrawal dangerous gradual reduction recommended symptoms occur gradual reduction typically severe persist protracted withdrawal syndrome months cessation approximately patients experience notable protracted withdrawal syndrome persist months cases year longer protracted symptoms tend resemble seen couple months withdrawal usually sub acute level severity symptoms gradually time eventually disappearing altogether reputation patients doctors causing severe traumatic withdrawal large withdrawal process poorly managed rapid withdrawal increases severity withdrawal syndrome increases failure rate slow gradual withdrawal individual indicated psychological support effective way managing withdrawal opinion time needed complete withdrawal ranges weeks years goal months suggested factors type reasons lifestyle personality environmental stresses available support year needed withdraw withdrawal best managed transferring physically dependent patient equivalent dose longest half life long acting active available low smaller benefit available liquid form allows smaller reductions long half life long acting active alternative withdrawal cross tolerant induce dependence alcohol cross tolerant toxic caution needed avoid replacing dependence withdrawal based best avoided possible displace binding site reduce function withdrawal symptoms recommended withdrawal withdrawal states especially low lower seizure threshold withdrawal effects extreme caution required withdrawal long term beneficial individuals withdrawal long term users general leads improved physical mental health particularly elderly long term users report continued benefit taking result suppression withdrawal effects safer predecessors cause problems taken rarely cause severe complications statistics england showed responsible deaths poisoning single drug combining drugs alcohol markedly raises elderly sensitive effects poisoning occur long term use differ appears toxic drugs symptoms include speech coma respiratory depression arrest reversal agent exists use routinely recommended high risk double blind controlled trial patients patients suffered adverse events following use numerous use exist patients history long term use having substance seizure threshold cause abnormal vital signs study found patient population presenting suitable candidates treatment interactions individual different interactions certain drugs depending divided roughly groups largest group consists possess significant potential interactions drugs group comprises general drug interactions drugs including oral agents liver reduce rate elimination leading possibly excessive drug accumulation increased effects contrast drugs induce john accelerate elimination decrease action taking alcohol central nervous system action results increased impaired motor coordination suppressed breathing adverse effects potential lethal slow absorption effect marginal inconsistent mechanism action work increasing efficiency natural brain chemical decrease reduces communication effect functions brain controls binding protein complex located contain channel conducts cell membranes binding sites gamma acid complexes contain single binding site binding complex alter binding unlike positive increases binding binding acts positive increasing total cell membrane bound increased influx membrane potential result difference resting potential threshold potential increased firing likely different varying different regions brain control distinct circuits activation different result distinct actions terms mechanism action similarities great separate individual categories hypnotic example hypnotic administered low produce anxiety relieving effects marketed anti anxiety drug higher induce sleep referred composed common ones exist different combinations different properties different brain different activities relative clinical effects interface binding requires alpha contain acid containing reason affinity containing instead bound locks greater affinity increases frequency opening associated channel membrane associated effect available leading effects instance high activity associated stronger hypnotic effects higher affinity containing good anti anxiety activity class drugs interact peripheral peripheral present peripheral nervous system tissues cells lesser extent central nervous system peripheral structurally related coupled immune system involved body response injury function weak suggested muscle effects action placed groups elimination half life time takes body eliminate half dose long acting active half life hours main active half life hours long acting partial short acting compounds median half life hours effects taken rebound occur cause daytime withdrawal symptoms day rebound anxiety prolonged usage examples intermediate acting compounds median half life hours effects half day hypnotic rebound common intermediate acting longer acting examples long acting compounds half life hours risk accumulation elderly individuals severely impaired liver function reduced severity rebound effects withdrawal examples physical chemical properties share similar chemical structure effects humans mainly produced modification specific kind increases overall channels results effects adverse effects important mechanisms action known chemistry term chemical ring system figure right fusion ring systems nomenclature nitrogen carbon maximum possible number cumulative double bonds prefix indicates ring fused ring drugs substituted chemical term refer compounds useful properties different drugs different groups attached central structure different groups affect binding properties active classical drugs contain figure right found mimic protein reverse turns structurally enable biological activity cases binding site possess similar properties definition structurally unrelated classes drugs possess common figure lower right explains binding common site common types compounds compounds compounds compounds compounds history synthesized leo working development properties compounds prepared initially disappointing abandoned project years later april worker earl noticed nicely compound left discontinued project spring cleaning lab compound later named tested focus issues expecting results negative hoping publish chemistry related findings researchers submitted standard battery animal tests compound showed strong muscle effects impressive clinical findings led introduction world brand following marketed brand commercially successful drugs introduction led decrease 1970s largely replaced older drugs hypnotic uses new group drugs initially greeted optimism medical profession gradually concerns arose particular risk dependence evident 1980s unique history responsible largest class action lawsuit drug manufacturers united_kingdom involving patients law firms alleged manufacturers knew dependence potential intentionally withheld information doctors time general practitioners health authorities sued patients recover damages harmful effects dependence withdrawal led doctors require signed consent form patients recommend patients adequately warned risks dependence withdrawal starting treatment court case drug manufacturers reached verdict legal aid withdrawn allegations consultant expert witnesses conflict interest litigation led changes british law making class action lawsuits difficult properties introduced increasing awareness adverse effects short term anxiety relief significantly dropped treatment popular include distinct nonetheless work produce similar effects society culture legal status united_states schedule drugs federal controlled substances act market example subject stringent regulations certain states require specially coded pads certain states canada possession legal personal use categorized schedule substances controlled drugs substances act united_kingdom schedule controlled drugs schedule controlled drugs carry stronger penalties possession trafficking netherlands october including containing placed list law needed possession containing greater drug placed list requiring written list format east asia southeast_asia heavily controlled restricted certain countries restricted controlled certain degrees hong_kong regulated schedule hong_kong chapter dangerous drugs ordinance previously classed dangerous drugs internationally categorized schedule controlled drugs apart schedule iii drug convention substances recreational use considered major drugs abuse abuse limited individuals abuse drugs drug international scene categorized schedule controlled drugs apart schedule iii drug convention substances variation drug scheduling exists individual countries example united_kingdom schedule iii controlled drugs british law requires stored safe custody safe custody requirements ensures doctors holding stock store fixed double locked steel safety maintain written register bound contain separate entries written ink use correction fluid written register required united_kingdom disposal expired stock witnessed designated inspector local drug enforcement police officer official health authority abuse ranges occasional large chronic drug abuse high problematic drug mortality higher drug use heavy alcohol use increases mortality drug users dependence tolerance coupled develop rapidly drug withdrawal syndrome appear little weeks continuous use long term use potential cause physical psychological dependence severe withdrawal symptoms depression anxiety point panic attacks particular incorrectly manner lead medical complications including arterial deep vein sharing purpose brings possibility transmission hiv diseases additional health consequences dependence established usually converts patient equivalent dose beginning gradual reduction program australian police survey reported preliminary findings self reported users likely non user work time likely receive government benefits use heroin arrested imprisoned criminal purposes serve victim cases drug assisted rape robbery overall evidence suggests psychologically habit forming addictive abuse reached epidemic proportions parts world particular europe australia major drug abuse southeast asian countries led authorities countries place restrictive legal status countries sweden banned drug outright certain properties absorption distribution elimination clearance abuse compared use practice treatment disorders conditions humans line management status maintenance therapy particular cats widely small large animals including horses cattle exotic wild animals effects pre medication surgery induction


known brand names normally prevention formation blood blood vessels migration body respectively initially introduced rats mice purpose potent developed early 1950s found effective relatively safe preventing disorders approved use medication remained popular widely prescribed oral drug north_america despite effectiveness treatment shortcomings commonly interact foods particularly leaf vegetable foods typically contain large amounts activity monitored blood testing international normalized ratio ensure adequate safe dose taken high patients increased risk bleeding target indicates dose insufficient protect events related containing molecules decrease blood reduced form participated blood proteins mainly factor vii despite labeled antagonist action recycling active action reversed fresh administered drugs blood immediately instead onset effect requires days remaining active factors time naturally disappear duration action single dose days reversal effect use requires similar period time synthetic derivative derived originally discovered sweet based animal feeds turn derived sweet inactive chemical found naturally sweet gives odor beans known derives plants stems discovery university wisconsin incorporating acronym organization funded key research wisconsin alumni research foundation ending indicating link medical uses decrease tendency secondary prevention episodes individuals formed blood treatment help prevent formation future blood help reduce risk migration spot blocks blood supply vital organ best suited formation areas slowly running blood veins blood artificial natural blood dysfunctional cardiac common clinical indications use presence artificial heart deep form veins syndrome occasionally heart attacks far effective preventing new prevention usually undertaken drugs act different mechanism normally effect function alternative countries instead shorter longer half life completely types drugs offering need monitoring approved number countries classical uses like common types drug classes development reversal agents alternative currently available complicated known interact commonly certain foods interactions enhance reduce effect effect dangerous effects bleeding close monitoring degree required blood test measuring initial stage treatment checked daily intervals tests lengthened patient manages stable levels unchanged dose newer point care testing available increased ease testing setting instead blood draw point care test involves simple finger initiating therapy doctor decide strong therapy needs target level varies case case depending clinical tends conditions particular target patients mechanical heart addition days levels protein protein factors drop faster proteins factor vii usually reverse temporary state maintenance dose recommendations national bodies including american college chest physicians help manage dose adjustments maintenance dose significantly depending diet keeping intake stable level prevent fluctuations green vegetables tend contain higher amounts green parts members family extremely rich sources vegetables darker varieties relatively high green vegetables green beans high amounts certain vegetable high amounts foods low include roots fruits fruit grains products low self testing patients making increasing use self testing home monitoring oral international guidelines home testing published guidelines stated consensus agrees patient self testing patient self management effective methods monitoring oral therapy providing outcomes good possibly better achieved clinic patients appropriately selected trained currently available self testing self management devices results comparable obtained laboratory testing systematic review analysis trials showed home testing led reduced complications major bleeding improved time range pregnancy passes barrier cause bleeding use pregnancy commonly associated spontaneous abortion death birth cause birth defects birth defects exposed appears higher figures reported studies depending exposure occurs pregnancy distinct combinations arise pregnancy usually avoided low molecular weight substituted risk maternal complications increased cross barrier cause birth defects solutions exist time delivery derivative given particularly sixth ninth weeks pregnancy birth defects known variously syndrome occur characterized mainly skeletal include nasal depressed narrowed nasal bridge column heel bone peculiar appearance rays limb unusually short fingers toes occur common features include low birth weight developmental disabilities second later administration second commonly associated birth defects occur considerably different syndrome common associated use late pregnancy central nervous system disorders including eye defects later pregnancy birth defects poses problem pregnant women requiring vital indications stroke prevention artificial heart according american college chest physicians women wish breast feed available data suggest crosses breast milk similarly levels checked avoid adverse effects adverse effects common effect bleeding risk severe bleeding small definite median annual rate reported benefit needs risk considered measure types bleeding occur commonly catastrophic ones involving brain stroke spinal cord risk bleeding increased range accidental deliberate interactions risk increases greatly exceeds number risk scores exists predict bleeding people similar commonly score includes known related bleeding high blood pressure abnormal kidney function previous stroke known previous bleeding condition previous elderly defined age drugs associated bleeding alcohol use recommended clinical practice guidelines moderately effective predicting bleeding risk perform predicting stroke bleeding risk increased patients score assess bleeding risk specifically score uses weighted scale clinical findings determine bleeding risk risks bleeding increased combined drugs anti drugs rare resulting treatment occurs frequently shortly commencing treatment patients protein protein innate like factors requires dependent activity initially decreases protein levels faster factors increase blood tendency treatment begun patients starting given parallel combat leading massive skin limbs natural counterpart occurs children certain protein initial reports reduce bone mineral density studies demonstrated link use related fracture study women taking deep risk fracture rib fracture increased fracture types occur commonly study looking randomly selected selection patients fracture found increased exposure compared controls duration reveal trend fracture retrospective study recipients showed use year linked increased risk related fracture men association women mechanism thought combination reduced intake necessary bone health certain bone proteins rendering purple toe syndrome rare occur early treatment usually weeks commencement purple toe syndrome condition thought result small deposits breaking loose causing blood vessels skin feet causes purple colour painful typically thought affect big toe affects parts feet including foot surface occurrence purple toe syndrome require studies implicated use specific treatment available investigation major effect use bleeding risk bleeding increased range accidental deliberate interactions drug interactions increase effect causing people need rapid reversal bleeding having emergency surgery effects reversed complex concentrate fresh frozen addition blood products routinely reverse work details reversing provided clinical practice guidelines american college chest physicians patients international normalized ratio small dose oral sufficient given range simple drug days usually reverse effect cause drop interactions commonly drugs varies greatly patients foods reported interact apart interactions highly protein bound drugs displace cause increase makes finding correct difficult need monitoring initiating medication known interact checks increased adjusted new ideal found taken non anti increases risk bleeding increased risk anti effect possible damage commonly greatly increase effect reducing body broad spectrum reduce normal flora significant quantities effect addition food contains large quantities reduce effect activity appears influence requirements decreased function makes people responsive treatment effect mechanisms proposed effect including changes rate breakdown factors changes excessive use alcohol known affect elevate increase risk bleeding food drug administration product insert states alcohol avoided herbs food purely medicinal purposes increase bleeding people taking similar effects reported oil fish john recommended help mild moderate depression reduces effectiveness given dose break body causing reduced effect committee safety received reports increased risk people taking juice data establishing relationship lacking review found cases interaction reported authors recommended doctors patients aware possibility mechanism interaction unclear chemistry ray studies exists form formed position existence example possess group form structure suggests form order active consists mixture active forms cleared different pathways times potent producing response undergo different form major formed slowly acting common number advantages given injection available long half life need given day cause condition induced decrease levels increases risk takes days reach effect circulating factors affected drug half life time days long half life means remains effective days stopped furthermore given initially additional cover increase risk main reasons hospitalised patients usually given initially covering day period withdrawn days mechanism action drugs popularly referred blood thinner affect blood dependent synthesis active forms calcium dependent factors vii regulatory factors protein protein protein proteins involved blood matrix protein affected factors require gamma acid allow factors surfaces inside blood vessels carries acid gamma reaction proceed able convert reduced form time turn recycled specifically diminishing available tissues activity occurs factors longer certain acid incapable binding surface blood vessels inactive body stores previously produced active factors days replaced inactive factors effect apparent factors produced decreased functionality collectively referred proteins induced absence individual factors number end result use diminish blood patient newly started promote formation temporarily level protein protein dependent activity causes decline protein levels hours addition reduced levels protein lead reduction activity protein factor reduced degradation factor factor loading produce decline factor vii resulting initial effect place significant reduction factor occurs days later system temporarily biased formation leading state loaded rapidly greater day beneficial administer acts helps reduce risk therapy days order benefit effect achieved activity determined partially genetic factors genes play particularly large role response explain dose variation patients particular susceptible suppression main explain variation low dose group high dose group explain african americans average relatively resistant higher proportion group asian americans generally sensitive higher proportion group group lead rapid achievement shorter time reach associated bleeding explain dose variation patients mainly patients variants rare african american asian populations influence time effective opposed time despite promise testing use clinical practice controversial august centers services concluded available evidence demonstrate testing predict improves health outcomes analysis showed based benefit terms time range excessive defined greater reduction major bleeding events history early 1920s outbreak previously cattle disease northern united_states canada cattle minor procedures occasions spontaneously example cows died died animals death frank canadian determined cattle sweet functioning potent hay sweet grown northern states usa canada turn century produced disease separated good damaged hay fed different rabbit rabbit good remained rabbit damaged died illness duplicate experiment different sample hay produced result north demonstrated condition lack functioning identity substance sweet remained mystery paul link lab working university wisconsin set characterize agent hay took years link student campbell recover link student mark took project initiated large scale extraction months material charles check results campbell thoroughly characterize compound degradation experiments established later named confirmed results proving identical naturally occurring agent product plant confused later known present plants produces notably sweet smell cut grass hay plants like sweet grass fact plant high content responsible original common sweet named sweet smell bitter taste present notably lower levels species influence like action fungi compounds presence naturally occurring order properties fungal attack damaged dying explained presence considered product years numerous similar chemicals specifically large position found properties drug class widely patented later link continued working developing potent based use resulting stems acronym wisconsin alumni research foundation ending indicating link registered use immediately popular developed link wisconsin alumni research foundation financially supported research assigned patent incident army unsuccessfully attempted suicide multiple recovered fully presenting hospital treated known specific studies began use found generally superior approved medical use humans early recipient president dwight prescribed drug having heart attack exact mechanism action remained unknown demonstrated use poison soviet leader joseph produces symptoms similar exhibited use derivatives controlling rats mice residential industrial agricultural areas effective mixed food bait return bait continue feed period days lethal dose accumulated considered day days mixed tracking powder animal skin fur subsequently consumed value species use rat poison declining rat populations developed resistance considerably greater available include referred super potent longer acting effective rat mouse populations resistant unlike readily newer accumulate liver accumulate birds prey animals eat poisoned safety people exposed workplace breathing skin absorption eye contact safety health administration set legal limit exposure limit exposure workplace hour national institute safety health set recommended exposure limit hour levels immediately dangerous life health classified extremely hazardous substance united_states defined section emergency planning community right know act subject strict reporting requirements facilities produce store use significant quantities brand names include