van dutch july october dutch painter generally considered greatest painters european art important dutch history contributions art came period great wealth cultural achievement historians dutch golden age dutch golden age painting ways baroque style dominated europe extremely prolific innovative gave rise important new genres painting having achieved youthful success portrait painter later years marked personal tragedy financial hardships paintings popular lifetime reputation artist remained high years taught important dutch painters greatest creative exemplified notably portraits contemporaries self portraits illustrations scenes bible self portraits form unique intimate biography artist surveyed sincerity paintings prints exhibited knowledge classical fit requirements experience depiction biblical scene informed knowledge specific text classical composition observations amsterdam jewish population human condition called great civilization life van born july dutch republic netherlands ninth child born van van family father miller mother baker daughter religion central theme paintings period lived makes faith matter interest mother roman catholic father belonged dutch reformed church work reveals deep christian faith evidence formally belonged church children christened dutch reformed churches amsterdam old church southern church boy attended latin school enrolled university according contemporary greater painting soon history painter jacob van spent years brief important months painter amsterdam stayed months jacob started workshop simon van claimed van taught opened studio shared friend colleague jan began accept students discovered statesman father dutch mathematician physicist important commissions court result connection prince continued purchase paintings end moved amsterdam rapidly expanding new business capital netherlands began practice professional time great success initially stayed art dealer van married cousin van came good family father lawyer mayor youngest daughter orphan lived older sister married local church presence relatives year amsterdam member local guild painters acquired number students ferdinand moved house renting fashionable moved prominent newly built house house museum broadway today known amsterdam jewish quarter young upcoming neighborhood mortgage finance purchase primary cause later financial difficulties easily able pay house large income appears spending kept pace income unsuccessful investments frequently sought jewish neighbors model old testament scenes affluent couple suffered personal setbacks son died months birth daughter died weeks age second daughter named died living barely month fourth child born survived adulthood died soon birth probably tuberculosis drawings sick death bed moving works illness hired nurse lover later charge breach promise breached promise marry awarded year worked committed years asylum called learning jewelry belonged given late began relationship younger initially maid daughter bringing summons reformed church answer charge committed acts painter admitted banned receiving communion summoned appear church council member reformed church considered legally common law married remarried lost access trust set lived means buying art including bidding work prints paintings probably caused court arrangement avoid bankruptcy selling paintings large collection sale list survives gives good insight collections apart old master paintings drawings included roman emperors suits japanese armor objects asia collections natural history minerals prices realized sales disappointing forced sell house printing press modest accommodation authorities creditors generally amsterdam painters guild introduced new rule circumstances trade painter set business art dealers employee new business contracted complete work newly built city hall artist previously commissioned died beginning paint resulting work conspiracy rejected returned painter surviving fragment fraction work time took apprentice fulfilling major commissions portraits works iii grand duke came amsterdam visited house died died leaving baby daughter died year son october amsterdam buried poor man unknown grave numbered grave owned church church years remains taken away destroyed customary remains poor people time works letter offered surviving explanation sought achieve art greatest natural movement translated word argued mean emotion motive refers objectives material open interpretation way critics drawn particular attention way seamlessly spiritual earlier 20th century claimed produced paintings nearly drawings recent scholarship 1960s present day led research project nearer paintings prints traditionally called produced stable total slightly likely drawings lifetime extant rare presumed experts claim number drawings status regarded effectively certain higher disputed list unveiled scholarly meeting february time ninety paintings counted self portraits known students copy self portraits training modern scholarship reduced count paintings drawings thirty include remarkable images group posing quasi historical fancy dress pulling faces oil paintings trace progress uncertain young man successful portrait painter troubled massively powerful portraits old age remarkably clear picture man appearance psychological revealed richly face portraits self portraits angles face way ridge nose nearly forms line brightly illuminated areas face face partially eclipsed nose bright obvious serves focus viewer attention division flood light overwhelming clarity brooding number biblical works including raising cross joseph telling dreams saint stephen painted character crowd durham suggests bible kind diary account moments life prominent characteristics work use theatrical employment light shadow derived likely dutch adapted personal means notable dramatic lively presentation subjects devoid rigid contemporaries displayed deeply felt compassion mankind wealth age immediate family wife son common law wife figured prominently paintings mythical biblical historical themes periods themes styles career took primary subjects themes landscape narrative painting especially praised contemporaries interpreter biblical stories skill representing emotions attention detail paintings progressed early smooth manner characterized fine technique portrayal form late rough treatment richly paint surfaces allowed form suggested quality paint parallel development seen skill maturity particularly late onward freedom breadth drawings paintings found expression print medium works encompass wide range subject matter technique leaving large areas white paper suggest space times employing complex line produce rich dark tones period influence prominent likely time strong impact work paintings small rich details example costumes jewelry religious themes favored produced wide largely account international fame completed returning pieces silver artist studio works evidence interest handling light variety paint application constitute major progress development painter early years amsterdam began paint dramatic biblical mythological scenes high contrast large format feast seeking emulate baroque style occasional help assistants workshop painted numerous portrait commissions small jacob iii large portrait jan wife anatomy lesson late produced paintings landscapes landscapes highlighted natural drama featuring uprooted trees ominous skies cottages stormy sky trees work sober tone possibly reflecting personal tragedy biblical scenes derived new testament old testament case painted night watch substantial important group portrait commissions received period sought find solutions narrative problems attempted previous works decade following night watch paintings varied greatly size subject style previous tendency create dramatic effects primarily strong contrasts light shadow gave way use frontal lighting larger saturated areas color simultaneously figures came placed parallel picture plane changes seen classical mode composition considering expressive use indicate familiarity venetian art elders time marked decrease painted works favor drawings landscapes graphic works natural drama eventually way quiet dutch rural scenes style changed colors richer brush strokes pronounced changes distanced earlier work current fashion increasingly inclined fine detailed works use light harsh shine singular approach paint application suggested familiarity work seen context current discussion finish surface quality paintings contemporary accounts remark artist said visitors looking closely paintings manipulation paint medieval procedures effects rendering informed painting surface end result richly varied handling paint deeply layered apparently suggests form space highly individual manner later years biblical themes depicted emphasis shifted dramatic group scenes intimate portrait like figures james years painted deeply reflective self portraits painted moving images men women jewish bride love life god produced career forced sell printing press practically abandoned troubled year produced dated work took easily learned use partly engraved plates freedom technique fundamental work closely involved process printed early examples style based drawing soon moved based painting mass lines numerous acid achieve different strengths line end reacted manner moved simpler style fewer worked called print stages critical work middle career final style began emerge print survives states rare evidence reworking seen underneath final print drawings survive elements mature works ready plate large prints typically survive states radically changed uses hatching create dark areas plate experimented effects printing different kinds paper including japanese paper frequently began use surface tone leaving thin film ink parts plate instead completely clean print impression use exploiting especially landscapes rich technique gives impressions prints similar subjects paintings seven self portraits relatively common portraits people landscapes small largely set course graphic treatment landscape end 19th century religious subjects treated simplicity whilst monumental prints erotic compositions equivalent paintings owned forced sell magnificent collection prints artists influences work traced artists diverse hercules night watch painted large painting militia company captain banning picture called dutch night watch sir 18th century picture indistinguishable looked like night scene cleaned discovered represent broad day party stepping courtyard sunlight piece commissioned new hall branch civic militia departed convention ordered genre pieces formal line action scene instead showed militia embark mission kind mission ordinary patrol special event matter debate contrary said work hailed success beginning parts canvas cut approximately left hand removed painting fit new position moved amsterdam town hall smaller copy thought original composition figures centre canvas painting amsterdam expert assessments research project began sponsorship netherlands organization advancement scientific research initially expected highly optimistic years art historians teamed experts fields authenticity works attributed methods available including state art technical complete new catalogue paintings result findings paintings previously attributed removed list added removed thought work students example activity polish rider new_york collection authorship questioned scholar alfred von beginning twentieth century decades later scholars including foremost authority writing english held agreed master 1980s foundation research project tentatively attributed painting closest talented pupils little known remained minority opinion suggestion authorship generally rejected changed label reading attributed school recent opinion shifted decisively favor simon book eyes project scholar van melbourne arguing master scholars question authorship feel execution uneven favour different different parts work similar issue raised simon book eyes concerning titles associated subject matter depicted works example exact subject portrayed aristotle bust homer recently retitled metropolitan museum directly challenged applying scholarship paul presents substantial argument famous ancient greek painter depicted aristotle painting washing hands questionable critical opinion picture varied von described somewhat abnormal work scholars dated painting assigned anonymous pupil possibly composition bears superficial resemblance mature works lacks master command illumination modeling work ongoing oil paintings previously attributed students reclassified work study old man profile study old man beard private collection study woman owned detroit institute arts portrait elderly woman white painted old man sitting chair example professor van offered view guardian painting old man sitting chair vast mistake important painting painting needs seen terms experimentation highlighted earlier studied career studio practice major factor difficulty like masters encouraged students copy paintings finishing sold originals selling authorized copies additionally style proved easy talented students emulate matters uneven quality work frequent stylistic experiments later work seriously damaged original works longer recognizable highly likely universal agreement constitute genuine painting materials technical investigation paintings possession conducted pigment analyses thirty paintings shown palette consisted following lead white brown bone black black lamp black lake yellow lake lead tin yellow painting van flora reportedly contains rarely pure blue green colors pronounced exception feast national gallery london book reference describes recent technical investigations pigment analyses paintings predominantly national gallery london best source technical information paintings web database containing works detailed investigative reports infrared images scientific details signature modification spelling artist introduced roughly speaking earliest signatures consisted initial son starting stood presumably early year added family van replaced form year began original spelling added maintained form consistently proving minor change meaning change purely visual change way pronounced despite large number paintings signed modified documents mentioned lifetime retained original spelling note rough chronology signature forms applies paintings lesser degree presumably signed large format raising practice signing work later followed vincent van probably inspired referred names workshop ran large workshop pupils list pupils period time amsterdam long influence painters great difficult tell worked studio copied style patrons eager acquire partial list include ferdinand van den samuel van philip jacob christopher jan van der museum collections notable collections work amsterdam including night watch jewish bride museum national gallery london berlin dresden stockholm royal castle warsaw displays paintings collection separate dedicated room renaissance notable collections paintings usa metropolitan museum art collection new_york_city national gallery art washington house museum central amsterdam house bought height success original period pieces comparable paintings reflecting use house art dealing studio set printing press replica prints printed museum paintings loaned important collection prints good selection rotating display major print rooms large collections prints exist single impression collection complete degree collections displayed public easily viewed print room varies greatly selected works saint stephen des arts rocks jacob iii picture gallery london philosopher meditation paris anatomy lesson oil canvas del madrid descent cross oil canvas looted germany currently museum feast national gallery london son tavern oil canvas dresden museum night watch formally militia company captain banning amsterdam christ healing sick known print nicknamed huge sum paid aka old old man abbey berlin mill national gallery art washington old man gold chain old man black hat art institute chicago elders oil panel berlin aristotle contemplating bust homer metropolitan museum art new_york bath paris christ presented people birmingham museum art collection new_york crosses fourth state feast museum moscow conspiracy stockholm led dutch revolt romans cut painting lost central exists portrait van art museum nebraska guild dutch amsterdam jewish bride amsterdam sketch reworked oil oak panel museum art gallery glasgow david exhibitions late amsterdam jan late works national gallery london jan golden age painting europe collins smith museum art works paper permanent collection national arts club syracuse university art galleries face jesus gallery self portraits works drawings


gibson gibson march australian businessman arts patron art collector born educated melbourne gibson successful businessman city establishing company gibson industries listed stock exchange 1950s director major manufacturers distributors including australia gibson notable services arts maintained substantial private art collection founding director australian theatre trust national trust australia deputy chairman national gallery victoria personal gibson born melbourne child scottish business manager john gibson english born wife ellen née melbourne grammar university melbourne briefly studied art national gallery victoria drawing school concluded art said time little resistance allowed guided commercial fields married twice children marriages wife married melbourne february daughter son later divorced september remarried jean son gibson lived victoria life end career maintained residence arthur circle canberra gibson died march survived second wife child marriages professional career gibson pursued successful business career worked salesman products january established company gibson electrical distributor electrical parts spent time working new_york company gibson industries ltd listed stock exchange period chairman managing director gibson held notably australia active member victoria wider business community 1940s president electricity radio federation victoria president institute sales business management gibson business interests complemented activities including farming land victoria gibson active army reserve lieutenant melbourne university rifles time world war risen rank major reserves second australian imperial force gibson served australia middle_east performed adjutant general duties lieutenant colonel reserve officers honorary colonel placed retired list collecting commissioning works art career artist gibson career patron lover art lifelong 1950s 1960s gibson major contributions arts australia collector patron arts organisations acquired works australia highly regarded artists russell albert tucker john artists represented collection included john stephen collector gibson tastes eclectic time acquiring paintings younger australian painters time collecting antique english silver led writer collection surely cover ground private country end life collection included items artists countries fascination silver led spend time visit europe learning british robert stone experience recounted gibson book named commission gibson sought stone account trip world taken gibson wife described visits cultural institutions contained cultural collections policy reflecting damage caused world war cultural artifacts art architecture advocated wide distribution works art world afford greater protection opportunity pursue views later roles national gallery victoria silver range works commissioned gibson included portraits artist australian artist sketch prize winning artist louis university melbourne collection gibson arts australia gibson actively supported australian arts organisations director australian theatre trust foundation victorian chairman president trust instrumental foundation major australian arts institutions including opera australia sydney melbourne national institute dramatic arts gibson variously trustee treasurer deputy chairman national gallery victoria period australia oldest public gallery acquisitions largely funded massive gibson new faces brought gallery board critical time victorian government announced decision build new national gallery melbourne governance existing institution undergoing significant gibson reported man strong opinions bringing robust blunt character meetings gallery trustees trustees concerned substantial resources institution rich applied effectively ensure representation contemporary schools art gallery collection seeking directly support gibson financed purchase works gallery making personal collection available exhibition provided donation allowing purchase sculpture iii gibson purchased tom roberts major painting coming south presenting selection gibson extensive personal collection presented exhibition gibson played roles arts societies artists collectors boards member result involvement australian theatre trust included deputy chairman melbourne theatre company foundation member national trust australia victoria founded society collectors fine arts


artist japanese october october japanese artist known primarily prints western style paintings credited originating creative prints movement aimed self expressive contrast commercial studio systems initiated movements folk arts children art education continue influential japan trained wood western style studying western style painting art school executed colour print fisherman trip publication ignited interest expressive potential prints developed movement spent europe brought ideas japan exhibitions peasant crafts children art russia late 1910s founded movements promotion creative peasant crafts children art education quickly gained adherents suppressed japan growing ideas experienced revival world war supporter left 1920s devoted artistic output painting suffered stroke spent remaining years mountainous city memorial museum erected life career early life training descended clan direct service feudal japan modern tokyo grandfather died battle war led fall restoration returned power emperor orphaned father grew got matter speculation specialist chinese medicine line specialists traditional chinese medicine took intention raising marry daughter eldest family children born october neighbourhood intended continue family profession government announced grant medical licenses practised western medicine moved tokyo study shortly birth lodged household father performed household duties earn advance studies took clandestine digging fresh graves find bodies mother joined tokyo settled house san area mother work help support family sister provided maid service household met younger cousin like career art painter befriended studying germany asked mother seen household model painting riding dragon occurrences contributed attracting art raised son influence liberal educational principles responsible welfare wife siblings age years primary school family finances permit schooling continue apprentice wood mastered western techniques workshop training focused book newspaper illustration included printing skill developed quickly soon won praise worked time printing technology underwent rapid change brought forefront sino japanese war reported variety media paintings prints photographs completed followed year service earned medical license set practice village rapid change printing technology led doubt future prospects wood painter knew father position pay art school secretly enrolled tokyo school fine arts studied western style painting instructors included pay school worked odd printing jobs employers newspaper february lodged home friend eldest son artist aspiring artists lodged talked night art hired model life drawing month prints joined group friends july trip stayed near mouth tone river sketch fisherman dressed ceremonial clothing overlooking harbour returned sketch basis wood engraved sides single piece wood printed filled spaces fisherman head printed black provided outlines details time art establishment saw printing commercial venture beneath station aspiring fine artist noticed print published july issue literary magazine column issue promoted print revolutionary means spontaneous self expression methods associated traditions soon style dubbed popular topic circles grow creative prints movement early works summer visited parents produced oil painting net earliest oil paintings public september friends founded short lived magazine published number prints word appeared word magazine came end april fell use went modern japanese word prints general learned strain parents faced continuing responsibility mother siblings moved home march rented residence ward tokyo determined pursue financial independence graduated april tokyo school fine arts graduation declared french painter favourite artist took work tokyo cartoon humour magazine patterned american felt disappointed hand printing gradual loss prestige japan revive interest wrote series articles art magazine wide variety printing media techniques art school classmate founded monthly magazine issue appeared patterned european magazines contents primarily literature criticism art cartoons publishers paid fine attention details graphic design printed magazine fine paper unusually large size mixed colour reproduction black white contributions included prints poetry carving printing blocks designs teacher furnished photographic printing plates issue pages included print park young artists distributed issue sold circle contributors grew page count expanded sixteen tokyo period great foreign especially european influence western trends art quickly replacing traditional japanese ones word spread impact exported art west artists abandoned culture period began reconsider mix elements western approaches took meetings pan group writers artists goal replicate atmosphere café bohemian meetings drunken fell window landed garden wrapped paper screen returned gathering happened police kept watch meetings members suspected having socialist sympathies held members published pan waned came end wanted revive spirit period prints end founded tokyo print club produce distribute prints advertised members magazine demise associated artists left tokyo member recruit pair began series titled stage figure sketches portraits actors vein genre subjects performances built imperial theatre french japanese announced prints come thirty theatre pieces sets prints artist set appeared june july september year work represents major turning point career turned away western techniques defined work japanese approach use flat areas colour prints failed sell began find buyers left france following year away printer able issue second printing meet demand come neglect devoted left tokyo july magazine came end thirty issues europe wanted marry family forbade especially mother brother rejection broke friendship remained friends wished study painting paris father organized distribution sale son work raise funds away set july days later landed board likely prints father sell subscription titled wild chickens depicted chinese prostitutes bound feet inspired prostitutes saw passed shanghai printed paris months studied des arts arrival contacted painter paris introduced soon moved studio found french difficult master associated japanese artists closest friend contributor arrived march spend year travelling europe writer visited known shared recent experience having denied marriage wrote print deck finding difficult finish print long haired woman deck singapore cherry paper materials brought japan print sent japan pair went seaside brittany weeks july soon joined number artists drawn tales beauty region written 19th century particularly productive prints brittany felt isolated culture found little art appreciated disliked paintings van liked works admired paintings denied connection works wrote thousand paintings good imagined distressed avant garde coming dominate european art world found difficult reconcile understanding ideal western art disappointment confusion impacted productivity produced prints supposed fund stay language barrier difficult find buyers tokyo agent committed suicide money clients bring reveal parents financial situation agent send money paris send parents pressure loan shark disappointment western art world witnessed hand impact japanese art kept thoughts began feel sense superiority japanese art traditions denied years training managed acquire funds connections refused return early japan despite friends associates troubles world war broke learned married war drove paris london stayed months sick returned paris january work scarce museums closed resolved return japan following spring moved group japanese found work brought money trip italy march renaissance returning learned death finally prepared japan expensive route japan russia set paris june england norway sweden moscow met japanese consul social critic introduced art encouraged visit leo home farmers school experienced moved later write staying moscow summer felt important missions promotion children free painting establishment farmers art visited moscow museum exhibited peasant arts crafts praised quality ethnic design lamented brought degradation perceived value threatening survival exhibition children art impressed free end long rail trip siberia way received telegram poet negotiating hand sister finally reached agreement return japan later career returned japan december took struggling printing company renamed autumn seventeen oil paintings displayed exhibition year married instruction book oil painting published finished number prints paid aimed putting creative prints association june founded japan creative print cooperative society artist member pan recently returned years europe group held exhibition art gallery building january represented works artists including seventeen prints drew thousand visitors widely reported media including special issue march prominent art magazine included article outlined principles goals repeated location osaka founded japan children free drawing association held exhibition public impressed democratic ideals idea democratic education gaining momentum japan period importance teaching students freedom grow tradition teaching drawing copying promoted ideas book free drawing education monthly magazine education arts freedom methods widely adopted common teachers students outdoors draw nature ideas escape criticism rise japan end movement revived world war later moved mountainous village parents lived secured funding ministry education ministry agriculture set school december teach rural population arts crafts skills use augment long winter months peasant art movement combined creativity utility inspired peasant crafts seen russia brothers law consulted develop oil development took years resulted world oil marketed color products corporation peasant art movement success intellectual government circles works sixteen youths received established japan peasant art institute expanded country help increased government funding critics movement saw stripping rural original charm saw movement motivated desire creative alive sense nostalgia desire preserve older ways police suspected socialist sympathies brought idea russia police harassed asked teaching frame making wearing russian style jacket cut long hair initial enthusiasm years funding finding patrons village mayor went bankrupt attempts find ways farmers money artwork found little success years venture went bankrupt turned focus painting founding member association painters wished maintain connections japanese traditions face academic painting japan editor association members magazine continued promote work print artists legitimacy prints art magazine devoted issue year included prize print category annual exhibitions travelled taiwan month observe local folk craft advise government develop industry people impressed expectations authorities thought promote production bamboo thought compete similar products japan promoted instead production products traditional new distinctive local flavour traditional designs sale exports passed leadership comprehensive japan print cooperative society year printing company went business return painting final years settled tokyo returned painting time produced number exhibited january gallery received attended dinner followed proclaimed shall live eighty fifth year going sit drink sake paint heart content lake suffered cerebral partially paralyzed hindered ability paint continued paint rest life hindered war shortages turned oil painting demanding disability spring moved spent remaining years died october undergoing surgery hospital style prints primary tool curved blade tool normally clean straight main carving carving followed western approach carving planes lines appear white traditional japanese technique lines printed prints paintings legacy idea excited bury sacrifice meant creative school free art movement man passionate man man great sensitivity guess describe word artist european work immediate effect artists generation saw potential medium style owes european artists came believe real artist cut blocks printing worked artists followed lead curved planes define lines japanese tradition dating work uncertain believed works signed roman characters returned japan europe number copies prints unknown supposed subscription prints europe numbered fisherman print survived discovered block house decades later oliver copies commemorative edition modern japanese thought art education begins free drawing education approach stature history child art art education similar west elementary schools teachers took ideas quickly wake dissatisfaction new textbooks drawing textbooks government mandated emphasized copying neglected personal expression public criticism textbooks methods led sharp decline use 1920s encouraged teachers children outdoors sketch practice continues common japanese elementary schools japanese ideas hold late 1920s revived expanded beginning 1950s municipal memorial museum dates houses items including artwork documents early examples peasant crafts children artwork instruction


john illustrator john albert june november swedish painter illustrator work concerned landscape mythology composed portraits best known illustrations early editions bland anthology swedish folklore fairy tales born raised moved stockholm study royal swedish academy arts received commissions illustrate stories books magazines met artist married traveled germany italy early career cultures deeply informed work painted illustrated romantic style influenced italian renaissance cultures works prints muted colours produced oil paintings illustrations paintings understanding appreciation swedish folklore fairy tales landscape son drowned lake biography early life education john born raised son man origin emma farming family town outside came sweden founded successful business family lived apartment shop construction house completed john born lived villa shore lake parents brothers older younger sister died young age family home remain central long lived initial schooling public school higher education followed technical school spent time drawing teachers appreciated teachers given drawing early age encouragement family turned sixteen wanted stockholm study art enthusiastic backed financially applicants study royal swedish academy arts deemed qualified place academy young accepted spent years school painters time like teenagers torn hope despair reflected artwork old attend academy arts students admitted year successful applicants friends studied traditional illustrations drawings plants medieval costumes served later work teachers professor noted historic painter praised art great art works gives impression powerful monumental artists accomplice acres canvas size matters content academy received commissions illustrate magazines including books saga traveled create paintings book culture county exotic wilderness end left academy artist business card journey following discovery iron ore deposits north sweden frontier industrial development instead exotic wilderness culture midnight sun adam victor published great swedish land future engaged noted swedish artists alfred daniel create illustrations inexperienced illustrator comparison tested abilities sending create drawings people reluctant audition commission july left stayed month coming dense dark forests overwhelmed open colorful landscapes encounters people culture important later works took photos notes tools costumes objects saw difficulty close recorded experiences diary letters family friends visit noted light head forward dark lit parts figure lighter tent canvas sharp shadows run like middle book published painted stockholm months visit photos sketches collected journey photos resulted drawings paintings versions photos succeeded capturing crafts details culture bent knives shoes spears belts important elements clothes eye detail numerous notes material documentation era courtship marriage met fellow student royal swedish academy arts studied separate department women women allowed attend classes men education conducted different manner talented ambitious equal opportunity male colleagues develop started apart time mail relationship developed shared dreams aspirations doubts correspondence inspiration muse fairy princess painted time fairy princess sketches painting finalized oil painting portrayed strong painting shown exhibition academy sold private collector museum tried mold vision creature woods perfect artist wife wanted home romantic cottage woods forest seeking inspiration hand raised stockholm lively person enjoyed social life found towns cities wanted settle comfortable place husband children sufficiently established artist provide family entire lifetime relied parents financial support proposed approval parents thought established career self supporting marriage december married little known years lived house making letters unnecessary jobs illustrating covers magazines like began work bland john traveled italy return found house villa situated shores lake outside bought house following year son called born birth marked joyful time couple final illustrations grand farewell series freed explore showed paintings exhibitions experimented came cost away leaving home longer steady income illustrations provided marriage trouble thoughts divorce letter wife time model frequently birth son started paint pictures children composition painting root completed sleeping shaped roots forest journey italy wife long journey expense choose travel germany italy based readings medieval towns visit germany father couple visited florence spent months continued naples spending winter rome travels studied art visited churches museums appealed eclectic mind evenings went small enjoy recorded letters sent home family studies antique objects renaissance art illustrations portrait said basis swan maiden work inspiration den martin saint martin holy intrigued study art quiet swedish forest resulted best winter pictures white snow dark woods sky tiny stars journey abandoned murder building rome interrogated italian police misunderstanding suspect situation public leaving bitter memory visit rome death lake year old son way new home stockholm hoped spiritual renewal new life family recent publicized train accident caused book return stockholm boat steamer night november steamer left loaded iron machines barrels produce cargo fit hold significant portion stored deck making ship heavy weather bad time steamer sea storm raging wind caused cargo deck shift falling overboard ship ship capsized went stern metres feet port killing people board including passengers trapped wreckage found november depth metres feet salvaged august investigations indicated cargo hold rest deck salvage operation turned bizarre public attraction example machine steamer smashed pieces sold crown estimated people came watch raising ship requiring addition trains featuring raising ship shown cinemas sweden order finance salvage operation sent tour sweden newspapers fed people mythical creatures forests claimed sinking ship common theme connected tale sea king sea king maiden depths august buried cemetery quarter plot number person consistently privately doubted considered praise received pictures nice pat head making funny pictures children wanted paint oil called real art needed money received illustrations self doubts contrary public persona presented self portraits strong minded self career subjects favorite subject swedish nature dense forests light tree little dark woods imagining creatures living paintings frequently included detailed depictions plants mushrooms found swedish woods best known illustrations article journal family journal friend stated said clearly believed creatures drew actually existed occasions accompanied walks forests lake description things thought existed feel yes john brown eternal pipe corner mouth blew small cloud brown smoke straight sun sparkling space far tight narrow lips easy having key years understood inspiration friends generation swedish painters started careers movement began flourish time considerably younger dominating swedish art scene artists inspired artists heritage came contact max german lived era old norse scandinavia borrowed ideas motifs artists like finished works style journey italy works clearly showed elements 14th century renaissance pictures princes elements like clothing seen antique roman sculptures style time consuming technique painting start small sketch bigger stamp basic shapes slightly bigger sketch details sketches grew progressively size detail work reached final size originals square pictures centimetres inches hand stationary envelope sketches resemble cartoon strips pictures bigger detailed versions finished picture motif depicted summer winter scene observe traditional hierarchy techniques time complete work pencil sketch oil early age adapt illustrations contemporary printing technique color expensive illustrations color plus black process developed works greater demand pictures eventually printed color noted pictures technique illustrating books magazines alternated created illustrations mixed needed speed contrast provided water fast drying media allowed work pictures minute deadline prone asked publishing house group illustrate new series books books published annually contain stories prominent swedish authors majority pictures book page illustrations muted color scheme contributed covers smaller illustrations significant creatures rendered shades gray green brown colors forests beings grown landscape technology available editions produced colors black yellow original paintings prints color asked illustrate book clear publisher wanted retain pictures publication publishing house kept original illustrations previous editions considered property backed request artists facing problem publishers position illustrations book sales dropped publisher yielded edition illustrating book printing techniques updated pictures printed colors black yellow blue technical improvement prints resembled original paintings illustrated editions printed colors previously marked peak performance books illustrations edition reproduced works illustrations started influenced italian renaissance time wanted stop illustrating series illustrate edition year worked said wanted war europe altered vision world stated longer imagine fairy tale sits water painted noted works 1980s reproduced publicized works paintings depicting princess tale hop little princess cotton grass published picture princess riding second standing guard sleeping princess mainly pictures wall tale contains picture looking lost heart innocence lost studies motif 1980s painting advertising started debate sweden works art considered national heritage picture appeared advertising time manipulated version trees cut award winning advertising campaign swedish society nature conservation helped newly awakened environmental movement sweden biography argues picture oil painting created major works oil beginning career traditional technique taught royal swedish academy arts trip northern sweden resulted sketches book oil canvas entitled portraits landscapes influenced oil fairy princess painting elements pre work indicates kind paintings wanted commissions illustrating got way wrote felt like jack trades regular letters editors publishers asking help saying work wanted future painting oil rest damned time ceased painting tired worn turned venues writing drawing schools starting got oil painting fully drowned large works earlier works academy showed interest large visit italy interest grew chance create major work technique completed metre mural home publisher asked odd lodge den martin saint martin holy time new stockholm court house construction contests decorations building held noted swedish artists time presented entries suggestions number sketches competitions confidence failed submit drafts large work oil painting auditorium school girls depicts old norse goddess fertility posed nude painting shows strong sensual forceful friends called breast picture exhibitions exhibitions work lifetime rome munich dresden brighton stockholm san_francisco awarded medal honor post exhibitions include traveling exhibition museum stockholm stockholm stockholm collections museum owns paintings drawings sketches world largest collection artwork represented stockholm museum art john museum germany museum dedicated life works works illustrations famous children anthology works written work john cyrus drawing class sweden schools young children swedish stockholm legacy pictures continue popular art sale forest sold red knight rode forth illustrations reprinted times considered classics fairy tales books pictures published languages works influenced nielsen brian biography states work credited influenced arthur vice versa artists come contact works 1910s established style similarities credited common inspirations romantic munich art late 1800s art memorial honour stands town park created swedish sculptor bust bronze sits national portrait gallery castle celebrating john centennial birthday swedish postal service issued stamps motifs issued park adjacent street place villa family home stood named area municipality street named square named popular culture television produced broadcast movie john wife john wife played john portrayed short film children storytelling john john fantasy tales created operation museum john art television series work art tells story featured picture dusk good smell episode childhood picture january episode available sweden swedish television open archive film project john started called john john mountain king movie focuses fairy tale artist love slated role swedish photographer published book revisited forests camera instead drawing pictures exhibited art museum november scandinavian franchise private schools defunct derived themes naming classes characters mentioned comic book series visual look motion picture dark crystal directed jim frank developed primary concept artist chief creature designer brian inspired art italian musician huge album called john rider songs named pictures norwegian artist uses art ambient albums swedish poet roger recalls memorial creations poems


african american painter sculptor born albany georgia moved chicago illinois attended art institute chicago graduation heavily involved local art scene early work explored working life blacks chicago found influence sights sounds jazz music late 1960s opened studio gallery wife hosted regional artists musicians mid-1960s chicago saw rise racial violence leading examination race relations black empowerment local artists involved organization black american culture group serve launching pad era black art movement artists created wall respect mural chicago depicted african american heroes credited triggering political mural movement chicago founded african bad relevant artists internationally acclaimed politically themed art use colors paintings career took africa found inspiration people ivory coast return united_states moved georgia taught university georgia georgia began use creating appearance visually active paintings figures seen paintings abstract inspired masks sculptures nigeria arts inspired sculptures living working cleveland continues explore contemporary african american experience paintings sculptures prints work found collections national museum african american history culture high museum art studio museum harlem university delaware personal life early life born albany georgia solomon marcus named poet henry youngest children year birth family moved acre farm near athens georgia grew vegetables cotton father carpenter furniture maker business furniture store boys worked learning cane chairs father artistic ability mother skill maker contributed entire family love art child attended room encouraged teacher hall explore artistic went private baptist school starting seventh grade transferring athens high tenth grade high school talent art apparent started creating comic strip cartoons school paper illustrations sports events finally taking oil painting young man interested art late 1930s early 1940s learned painting illustration magazines saturday evening post unable figure distinction illustration painting thought artists eventually got rich making large sums money relationship mother closer father brothers left work shipyard world war father died malaria working high school helped mother tend farm like work graduating high school joined army stationed fort louisiana served briefly korea fort company artist extra money designing shirts making paintings fellow soldiers higher education current life military service moved chicago sister attended northwestern university chicago museum experiences growing georgia african americans allowed visit museums civil rights act early museum visits major impression year later enrolled art institute chicago advertising art graphic design attended night classes days spent working international paint company mixed paint took classes ray vogue school commercial arts began attending art institute time eventually lost interest commercial art focused classes painting drawing gaining inspiration instructor ideas spatial relationship theory graduated original major retaining strong desire pursue life fine artist time met artist jeff friend influenced career year marriage advertising photographer taking photos type lettering styles couple divorce shortly marriage met johnson known ran clothing woman second wife june spent honeymoon nassau january born pregnancy closed moved studio running mail order service instead social economic world chicago declined gang violence threatened family neighborhood second child born family decided new_york area heading connecticut new haven spending months boston family moved washington began teaching howard university recruited jeff howard pursued focusing african culture specifically people couple daughter angela struggling fit howard unable tenure concerns increasing crime rates washington family decided time athens georgia shortly assistant professor university georgia wife started high end educational toy company stemmed children love similar toys living washington opened small shop called toys hobby center athens great reception result poor sales forced close soon received tenure university retired position teaching order focus creative work children grown daughters attended art institute chicago year daughter moved new_york find place live settling joined months later currently live work cleveland ohio artistic career year reminded george_washington birthday kids learn school said black heroes white americans engage advertising feel justified advertising black americans chicago graduation art institute lived wages mixing paint skills studio year started submit work competitions accepted chicago navy pier union league produced artworks inspired theories learned school scenes everyday life black chicago interest horse racing jazz clubs bars took eventually creating paintings like neon row street scene inn bar scene visit horse racing track themes career early works display dimensional learned school linear geometric perspective overlapping objects point horizon color depict movement stability contrast seen inn palette evolved brighter color combinations times contrasting final execution influence post evident earlier works line art education trends time notable turning point career came similar jazz giants accepted art institute 2nd drawing print exhibition exhibit earned prizes media attention opportunity exhibit work galleries midwest moved large studio park neighborhood continued expanding work focusing musical sport related themes pigment application rapid depicting jazz musician jockey horse allowing image express strong movement shows evolution work intense color bands times psychedelic appearance bird focus style work influenced honeymoon caribbean interested effects man natural sunlight environment experimentation media imagery design allowed create artworks fully expressed intended messages referring works nassau sign times commented colors bahamas influenced use color approach work sign times shows street scene attempt painting involving social interaction art director line graphics quit shortly self employed aside creating art started successful mail order photo processing business soon decided open gallery space studio studio gallery studio gallery flourished taught time art classes elementary school considered moving new_york seeking refuge heart art world wall respect chicago experienced major race riots triggered civil rights struggles angst riots followed subsequent years black power movement came fruition artists began explore ways express black pride self determination self reliance leading organization black american culture artist norman parish asked attend meeting artists workshop meetings consist artists bringing work reflect ideas black experience art leading concept wall respect mural consisted african american heroes personalities artist deciding depicted section designed layout giving foot space share photographer bill focused favorite theme rhythm blues featured portrayals james brown king holiday muddy waters franklin washington artists workshop sour end project controversies stemming painting norman parish section conflicts sold permission disagreements law enforcement involvement wall considered success triggering creation liberation themed murals chicago studio gallery wife opened studio gallery home studio space showcased couple work artists went display talents chicago poets musicians love blues jazz music easy access city talent involvement provided contacts poetry world artists richard john henry anthony chicago art ensemble perform space gallery served gathering place likes jeff barbara jones williams come discuss concepts relevant black art aesthetic group struggled described search attempt find collective concept black art eventually group breakthrough listing principles ideas concept black art term colors contributed fabric designer term covered bright fashion stylish african american men time described loud lime hot high key color clothing final concept aesthetic search message oriented art revolving socially aware content african design included black people necessity group formation considered best aligned organized black arts movement group went form cobra cobra black aesthetic like african american grass roots organizations gallery group struggled carry torch deaths martin king fellow chicago artists took path non violence way artistic talents sense ownership contributions studio gallery ideals backing new aesthetic philosophy group took cobra coalition black revolutionary artists creation cobra completed work concept group black family utilized color scheme colors light blue orange contrasting white areas heightened bright colors intensity technique allowed create described intuitive space drawing viewer attention family canvas caring mother protective father relaxed children father depicting strength honesty robert douglas describes heroic quality painting expresses important aspects cobra ideal writing appears canvas word represented letter group decided focusing themed exhibitions encouraging artworks portray general problems black people attempt solutions beginnings artists visual african american community imagery beauty glory experience west present bestowed pressing exciting culture african american larry cobra revised philosophy artistic concept expand concern black liberation civil rights international level inspired words black people regardless land base problems control land economics europeans euro americans changed african bad relevant artists work evolved bring focus figure foreground paintings seen portrait musician letters appearance black fine question work described portrayal genius creation jazz works time politically socially charged aesthetics forth homage giant tribute work speak black struggle oppression death student fighting cause images painted alongside newton jackson makes usual appearance representing quote davis eulogy funeral piece appeared cobra exhibition studio museum harlem cobra search nation response misunderstanding viewers result concepts presented interpreted protest art held studio museum harlem traveled museums galleries exhibited revolutionary black prince portraits described art historian robert douglas displaying understanding rendered technique employing multitude painted different sizes revolutionary homage angela davis wears revolutionary suit designed exhibition prints work original cartridge belt attached canvas idea words love black nation time rest shit revolution beautiful burst head canvas message given life struggle lose life way travels chest left arm usual represents bad painting beautiful work goal artists use space possible creations described jam packed tight revolutionary reviewed nancy portrait young black woman screaming loaded real bullets shoulder painting art weapon weapon art black prince second tribute appears painting prince black travel face hand quote believe necessary correct conditions political economic social physical necessary long gets results painted chest arm second iii opened critics aware aesthetic movement critic paul richard commented works nelson stevens jeff long believed art political art east despite offers position received jeff running howard university art department sought remain independent family moved new_york obtained work photographer boston eventually choosing accept offer moving family time teach photography classes fall semester time traveled howard exhibited win showing black warriors children women workers offering solutions african people problems liberation soldiers depicting black works included use aluminum gold foil canvas final iii held members continued meet practice ideals forward group african influences studies african art people appeared major influence mid-1970s paintings prophecy depict human figures appear blended sculptures shows seated holding staff works appearing wood wears clothing surrounded colors face father manipulated style prophecy shows african women figures holding sculptures deity described jam packed imagery making hard short time winter visited nigeria second world black african festival arts culture making couple international exhibition members influenced heavily bronze lost wax textile arts believed solidified mission cobra symbolic work intuitive space revisited passion horse racing attending grand return cobra formed cobra black world exhibit african american museum philadelphia featured works created response journey africa mojo mojo featured contribution year old eldest daughter created drawing magic lady painting believed mojo expressed encountered work times uses stained canvas reflects struggles african people specifically suffering south_africa painting named city massacre students occurred continuing inspired travels nigeria completed work sunday created express similarities african americans celebration sunday afternoon social affair painting shows dressed ornate traditional dress street unified georgia moved washington athens georgia children getting older couple toy company struggling stay afloat assistant professor university georgia position university assured studio space solo shows participated exhibitions work continued socially politically aware paintings like festival showing brilliant figures work supporting south war african imagery apparent paintings patterns appearing representing people right speak behalf seen midnight poet street received grant money create foot mural east athens community center team art students helped complete work titled ascension remains athens today mid-1980s represented gold gallery atlanta family moved atlanta accepted teaching position school continued athens teach atlanta provided income family allowing sell work spark relationships potential customers galleries museums region painting professor university studies abroad program months lived italy daughters remained atlanta finishing high school opportunity allowed explore country visiting historic sites italy venice return promoted professor university february resigned 1990s continued explore aspects black life paintings street depiction black life city cartoon like men women stand street expired parking meter background features ribs restaurant record shop colors entire landscape robert douglas compared piece chicken stating artists fulfilled mission celebrating black life paintings boxing created time stride legend tribute tall tribute muhammad ali textile designer tall champion portrayal horse racing revisited georgia revisited interest horse racing interested african american creating paintings master homage murphy group portrait james soup william walker jimmy murphy figures appear like wall painting hints green light blue center murphy legendary jockey kentucky derby wearing glowing crown tribute murphy seen homage murphy large consisting cut leaf motifs adhered canvas applied motif appear negative space surface painting prominent appears represent speed lawn jockey dates murphy wins titles horse names painting finished stylized portrait murphy shells canvas representing money won murphy career master abstract horse trainer marshall riding horse wearing derby hat solo titled edge kentucky derby museum lexington kentucky jazz tributes december commissioned electric company create foot mural athens headquarters boost morale employees mural time work tool introduced apple birds return apple birds dramatic use paintings inspired drawing daughter age apple birds drawn talked having apple shaped heads stems long arms short bodies geometric shapes layers environment apple birds live canvas create layers overlaps created jazz tributes starting 1980s tribute jazz musician oscar shown playing piano design head left bass player ray brown figures large heads faces exaggerated features similar african masks described robert douglas blend color jazz giants jazz tribute shows harry johnny williams performing leaf patterns circles common work seen create recognizable portraits musicians paint white background appearing depicts jazz icon appears twice playing piano singing solo backed band remember bill memorial friend guitarist bill harris originally occasionally traveled harris hanging paintings harris performed painting large mixed media shaped canvas painted guitar sits work painting features photographs harris painted portraits musician surrounded signature symbols designs patterns works include corners jazz large mural featuring ray charles young holiday featuring ray charles miles davis charlie parker sam potter apollo count orchestra empress smith lady showing holiday young performing sculpture inspired trip italy created sculpture tribute conical shaped painted tribute people basis new shift work sculpture new works categorized heavy spiritual nature reflective african culture heritage space village represents villages visited nigeria houses saw decorated icons symbols spiritual ritual meaning painted bright colors decorations fight evil spirits pieces speak peace sculptures blend elements african art design messenger information earlier influences art inspirations related design spirituality people africa like sculptures began created sculptures making ensemble series stand feet tall painted brilliant colors topped small animal time days kings horse racing appears sculptures sixteen serve tributes african americans horse racing reminiscent designs million man march held washington previous year event described important century piece works later exhibited summer olympics reception morgan association professor department american studies university alabama describes work remarkable body vibrant innovative politically engaged art notable awards prize atlanta life exhibition southeastern center contemporary art cover art papers excellence painting award southern home shows exposition award district_of_columbia commission arts artist residence district_of_columbia public schools notable exhibitions solo exhibitions edge kentucky derby museum large format southwest atlanta hospital paintings sculptures albany museum art power glory university georgia going home howard university group exhibitions cobra middle ground museum science industry chicago illinois twelfth annual atlanta life exhibition plaza atlanta vital signs atlanta contemporary art center cobra years florida university horse flesh kentucky derby museum beaches annual exhibition museum contemporary art jacksonville artists georgia atlanta contemporary art center art atlanta southeastern center contemporary art birmingham birmingham museum art usa gallery fort france martinique artists georgia georgia museum art atlanta france del commemoration cobra united_nations headquarters directions dimensions mississippi museum natural science artists georgia high museum art artists schools delaware art museum directions american art johnson museum art notable collections high museum art museum contemporary art georgia national museum african american history culture studio museum harlem university delaware


japanese artist genre known founder school pictures incorporated western style perspective create sense depth born province studied art modern tokyo began produce designs prints soon known floating pictures landscapes famous sites copies western chinese perspective prints perspective prints appear colour demonstrate greater mastery perspective techniques works predecessors landscape subject art background figures events turned primarily painting school art grew dominate 19th century artists life career born province studied school painting moved modern tokyo studied art said come personal sources hold studied art names went include tradition holds derives lived district common personal names work began appear earliest work includes prints refined delicate style actors soon began produce floating picture perspective prints genre applied western style point perspective create realistic sense depth famous sites including theatres temples works early claimed genre origin colour genre developed prints based imported prints west china appears dedicated painting produced programs billboards headed painters involved restoration died buried temple buddhist posthumous western influence style works gentle calm touch display influence masters pioneered colour print particularly popular influential began career number graceful portraits pillar prints examples known earliest period better known examples work style sheet set depicting chinese ideal arts produced small number actor prints contrast works leading school executed learned style trained exposed works popular pictures point perspective meant viewed special box manner french seen chinese prints inspired work early career began producing best remembered books perspective translated dutch chinese sources appeared soon prints displaying techniques appeared works early examples inconsistent application perspective techniques results strict manipulated allow representation figures objects obscured works helped pioneer landscape subject merely background human figures events works earliest reliably dated assumed appeared early year great fire destroyed gate subject famous views prints imported prints famed european locations western chinese western prints titles fictional bell thousand leagues dutch port imitation print grand canal venice based painting titled perspective view french churches holland based print roman forum took licence details foreign lands having dutch swim canals japanese chinese mythology frequent subjects prints foreign perspective technique giving prints exotic feel paintings influence strong seals paintings pupil efforts contributed development school arts perspective prints legacy popularity work peaked 19th century western style perspective techniques ceased novelty absorbed japanese artistic culture deployed artists artists best remembered landscapes genre pioneered school founded influential produced works far greater variety genres school students included worked style master headed school prominent prolific producer prints actors known members school japanese art schools painting emphasized style general style school easy recognize aside concern realism facial school dominated production mid-19th century artists documented modernization japan period declining years belonged school school lasted longer school adherents fostered closer master student relations training schools prominent examples later generations artists tended lack stylistic diversity work decline 19th century taught painting prominent student studies work carried depth analyzing work publishers seals infancy members school paintings followers


johnson johnson born african american socio political photographer produces conceptual post black art johnson received critical attention examples work included exhibition freestyle golden studio museum harlem studied columbia college chicago school art institute chicago work exhibited world held collections world leading art museums addition photography johnson began presents audio music video sculpture art johnson known unusual artistic productions process known combining science black history materials formally independent augmented relation black history hugo boss prize finalist early life johnson born illinois academic scholar mother johnson vietnam war veteran father jimmy johnson artist worked electronics parents divorced years old mother remarried man descent johnson said growing family based family celebrated johnson raised park neighborhood chicago illinois illinois photography major earned bachelor fine arts columbia college chicago master fine arts school art institute chicago school art institute chicago obtaining master degree moved lower east new_york_city taught institute generally referred photographer referred sculptor certain contexts referred artist johnson followed generation black artists focused black experience grew generation influenced hip hop black entertainment television generation high exposure black culture pop culture contemporary audiences greater learned understanding black experience basic exposure black experience enabled achieve deeper race identity interaction work exhibited art institute chicago whitney museum american art new_york detroit institute arts walker art center minneapolis museum art washington institute contemporary photography new_york brooklyn museum art new_york museum contemporary art chicago art collections museums represented art dealers milan naples new_york_city chicago work held studio museum harlem photographs collection art institute chicago johnson collaborated local chicago company collection works utilized products include space spray mirror turned shirt design career early career college junior opened gallery earned reputation unique photo printing process medium large scale works priced early black white photography work described rich new_york_times chicago_sun-times referred collection portraits homeless men stunning noted series large scale photos feet serve interpretation human migration exhibited notable freestyle credited having launched johnson career curator golden credited term post black art relation exhibit suggest term book end favorite johnson term post black refers art race racism prominent importance interaction diminished johnson controversial exhibition entitled seeds african american experience abstract art subject matter series stereotypical african american food culture items seeds black eyed chicken bones cotton seeds placed directly photographic paper exposed light iron process exhibited sunrise museum charleston west_virginia exhibit entitled papers named papers freed slaves required prove freedom exhibition described cultural commentary imagery display related previous exhibit arranged feet hands shapes church windows ships considered study racial identity body parts identifiable presenting photographic work chicken bones johnson exhibited museum contemporary art chicago new artists new work series exhibited homeless men gallery salem state university exhibit entitled seeing dark partially illuminated subjects deep black backgrounds exhibited homeless men work including george atlanta georgia national black arts festival city gallery east july august george gallery art november january common ground discovering community years art selections collection julia exhibition george common ground exhibition appeared places including north_carolina museum art took chicago department cultural affairs artist open studio program rotation chicago landmark national_register_of_historic_places page brothers building summer week exhibition explored historical contemporary nature photography time represented george owned oldest african american owned exhibiting commercial gallery country conjunction renaissance society university_of_chicago johnson exhibited evolution negro political costume december presented outfits worn african american politicians included late 1960s worn jackson 1980s running suit worn 80s business suit worn united_states senator elect barack_obama presentation invited inspection likely evoke humorous response jackson critical commentary presentation political attire johnson explored theme indianapolis museum contemporary art entitled production solo project johnson addressed distraction relief reality art fantasy johnson photos video site specific installation study tendencies sense humor bordered absurd post graduate career summer took chicago cultural center artist exchange program exhibition featuring emerging chicago contemporary artists taiwan half women taiwan crossings exhibition artists chance exhibit country forum chicago_tribune art critic said johnson audio selection imposed exhibits chose rap song combined blunt video johnson johnson simultaneous exhibit appearing chicago described johnson exploration politics race cute self advertising dimensional works dimensional installations superficial representations classified johnson work suitable audience seeking american pop culture following year derided johnson short video contribution art institute chicago fool paradise exhibition gospel singing beat boxing says worth saying race chicago critics describe johnson subsequent work relatively hip ensemble showing entitled johnson exhibited life sized photographic nude self portrait supposed menacing perceived interesting amusing summer stay black die work color line exhibition jack gallery left art critic new_york_times wondering viewing warning time participated museum art love game race sport america exhibition clearly address manners questions race asked answered american sports fields play dark matters exhibition james harris gallery seattle washington johnson said mimic work called white girls sam richard backdrops perceived sweeping perfection post black artist mixed media work spring exhibition dead lecturer plays race diminishing significance playing contradictions coded references allusions new negro social athletic club right exhibit described fictional secret society african american intellectuals cross challenge condemn endorse despite generally negative reviews johnson earlier years johnson near list exhibitions wanted late promptly reviewed johnson simultaneous september chicago claimed new promised land garden recreation center come land garden recreation center johnson overwhelming presence long narrow cramped venue saw artist work bruce like paintings johnson photographic tennis champion jimmy nostalgia somewhat autobiographical possibly fictionalized perceived work graffiti felt work described cosmic featured paintings black soap wax plus canvas animal descendants century history work representations heavens feels inferior paintings terms artistic quality despite continued view johnson seriously artist felt work attitude experts spoke highly johnson work newspaper run reviewers time chicago spoke transformed space associated white privilege sanctuary black traditions note exhibition johnson work stood piece americans family collection mentioned miami herald work described fusion portraits sculptures photography color black represent fictional secret society african american intellectuals johnson described work demonstration complexity black experience rise prominence november named finalists hugo boss prize january presents rumble exhibition new works johnson including painting sculpture installation film rumble artist gallery place new_york_city location april museum contemporary art chicago presents johnson major museum solo exhibition associate curator exhibition close collaboration artist exhibition survey past years artist work additionally new commission shown time johnson currently represented berlin david gallery los_angeles techniques processes johnson uses astronomy sciences sic combine natural spiritual worlds augment black history according columbia college chicago publication johnson works variety media physical visual materials independent artistic significance symbolism augmented connections black history according culture publication challenges viewers photography sculpture present creation norms expectations chicago_tribune describes productions resulting processes lacking complexity depth seattle post writer regina described johnson artist avoids struggles black people explores strengths subject aesthetic aspirations variety forums johnson garnered national attention unusual subject matter process addition portrait photography johnson known use 19th century process uses van brown transparent organic pigment exposure sunlight feel prints application pigment broad brush strokes uses inch forces interact subjects personal life johnson married artist live new_york_city child selected exhibitions solo new artist new work museum contemporary art chicago production indianapolis museum contemporary art indianapolis knife germany dead lecturer laboratory performance space power house memphis memphis smoke mirrors sculpture centre long_island city message folks museum contemporary art chicago rumble new_york new growth ballroom smile south gallery london january march group decade acquisitions detroit freestyle studio museum harlem new_york inside portrait photographs permanent collection new_york international contemporary art prague czech_republic noir colors germany americans family collection miami borrow steal family collection miami selected works foundation focus museum contemporary art chicago african american art cleveland 54th venice venice italy american family collection miami awards david prize


alexander alexander sandy born scottish sculptor queen sculptor ordinary scotland works primarily sculpture clay tradition best known civic monuments including feet bronze statues david adam smith philosophers scottish enlightenment royal mile edinburgh james clerk john says motivation great ambition sculpture scotland primarily large civic monuments figures country past born edinburgh raised developed early interest arts music later trained fine art glasgow school art read history art university glasgow time increasingly critical contemporary trends art pop art concentrated creating pieces clay associates lack form modern art social decay contrast works include classical allusions biography early life grandfather evangelical baptist preacher parents met church born edinburgh father artist moved family village young immediately noticed monument william wallace purported birthplace today lives works nearby school interested music remains decided good professional education went aged seventeen train fine art glasgow school art studied settled sculpture initially worked modernist vogue recalled moment times finishing metal pop art sculpture praised found bust apollo thought pop thing rubbish comparison easy pop bits metal difficult figure like apollo thought try wrote undergraduate thesis life work john english sculptor worked scotland years work remains influence graduated bachelor_of_arts degree class peers ignorance art history meant went read history art university glasgow worked difficult years studio hamilton hamilton considered important scottish artists 20th century profoundly working methods godfather problem rampant today called people work collaborators talented people capable meet artist grateful desperate thwarted honorary professor university west scotland december announced appointed majesty sculptor ordinary scotland aesthetic viewpoint deeply critical contemporary art public art phrase makes search glass revolver repeatedly criticised winners turner prize plenty calls high societal decline said repeated public somebody exhibiting bunch gallery radio producers talk dirty characterised modern art dominated left wing politics extent certain artistic forms likewise suspect tune rhyme overly traditional argued equestrian statue king william placed fourth square originally intended developed interest music school learned play piano daily called medium sculpture art inferior super art music nominated wagner greatest composer developed theme monumental art relation resignation lecture wagner society scotland march works neo classical tradition art believes greatness respect important considerations rebuffed interest memorial bill rugby union broadcaster certainly sports commentators artists philosophers poets said warning memorials hastily erected advocates memorial described remarks said bill looking fans microphone hand bring huge smile faces despite differences argues works hamilton combine formal intellectual sharp satirical critiques contemporary society outspoken contemporary failures historical makes clear work stems born neo having said consider modernist context vast application term extending miles official area usually confined truth kinds uncovered space half centuries largest belong small way contribute born neo great central mighty richard wagner works civic monuments work developed heroic neo classical representations historical figures works civic scotland described need work fills need monuments don touch nation need absolutely urgent mean business don stupid parliament building looks like barcelona inspired bloody outrage sculptures david adam smith philosophers scottish enlightenment stand royal mile edinburgh depicted philosopher representing philosophical thought decision criticised unveiling remained discovered right thing public earn great disapproval lesson life modern age local philosophy students soon began tradition statue toe absorb knowledge placed foot edge encourage engagement irony practice given critiques remarked smith philosopher forged new discipline economics contrast depicted contemporary attire showing concern practical matters economic activity gown shoulder retains connection philosophy smith economic ideas statue represents economics supplanted symbol industry predicted come hand resting globe obscured gown literal presentation smith famous metaphor invisible hand life half size statue smith cast bronze plaster model sculptor unveiled funded private organised adam smith institute statue james clerk physicist stands george street edinburgh memorial robert louis novelist road monument john stands copy outside princeton_university pieces glasgow merchant city quarter metre glass forced statue street represents contribution italian traders area classical style female form carries symbols ancient italy palm branch right hand inverted left john street trio figures mercury form triangle identical figures sit john façade italian centre english roman names different deity roman mythology dialogue ancient lore modern city life opposite street stands cast bronze form underlying unity projects include monument born communist championed tony funded public appeal oscar carved rock scottish coast dedicated mythical cabinet displays architectural sculpture queen gallery buckingham palace renovated neo classical style direction john simpson envisioned building visible history walls entrance hall architectural interpret themes twentieth century britain library oxford_university feet feet bronze depicting modernist values worked living figures fellow including roger philosopher robert adam john simpson architects architectural historian david tony politician


turkey turkey turkey august speaking indigenous artist australia western desert region born near bluff northern territory turkey major figure art movement longest serving chairman company formed represent artists painter creative output spanned nearly decades controversy erupted briefly disputed artist works signature painted female relatives creator work spears paintings held major australian public galleries including art gallery south_australia national gallery victoria national museum australia life son people come european settlements western desert turkey born near bluff west alice springs northern territory sources differ birth year researcher art historian johnson gives estimate national museum australia suggests mother wives artists half siblings children born born deceased born claire born born commonly seen spelling skin sixteen denote system central australian indigenous people names define relationships influence preferred marriage partners associated particular terms address sense europeans turkey element artist specifically young man turkey worked construction bluff skilled spear came know birth country initiation married family moved northern territory time construction wife died mary moved lies family traditional country later life suffered heart trouble alice springs receiving treatment time death august art contemporary indigenous australian art arose western desert communities indigenous men began painting assisted teacher soon established company owned controlled artists went australia pre eminent indigenous art centre turkey paint appears company records youngest influential movement spent period longest serving chairman company addition painting turkey prints example held collection national gallery australia turkey painting style developed broad phases early work classical tightly controlled strong sense symmetry arrangement symbols patterns dots surrounding works mid-1970s painted include dreaming women mythology held national museum australia painted synthetic paint turkey collaborated johnny fellow artist creating works father death artist took ceremonial responsibility country shift senior place community associated style period created work spears held art gallery south_australia painting described art expert johnson critic susan masterpiece famous work series horizontal lines representing spears heated straightened fire ancestors similar works described art critic susan representing preparation spears elements concerning fights ancestral figures rock bluff west alice springs controversy erupted signed statutory declaration stated return payments signature paintings created female relatives shortly signed contradictory declaration case raised important questions nature art effects art market fred analysed case concluded issue turkey painting money paid money turkey work threatened corruption conditions presence alice springs need regular income dealer need product draw away experiences inform painting major exhibitions turkey work featured included australian desert national museum australia gift ann lewis museum contemporary art sydney following year painting spear ceremony included newcastle region art gallery exhibition speaking colour major collections art gallery new_south_wales art gallery south_australia national gallery australia national gallery victoria national museum australia


chinese pinyin pronounced born artist works variety media including drawing painting sculpture installation art performance art educated birmingham college university london gave solo exhibition consisting drawings paintings singapore chinese chamber commerce industry began engaging performance art returning singapore following undergraduate studies founded artists village art colony established singapore aimed encourage artists create experimental art members village contemporary artists singapore begin practising installation art performance art younger artists informed artistic developments parts world organized exhibitions village arranged collaborate national museum art gallery national arts council singapore festival arts january national arts council stopped funding performance art following controversial performance regarded members public time performance artists practised art abroad performances presented singapore dance theatre originality influence performance art southeast_asia things won arts culture prize 10th asian culture prizes eventually reversed funding rule performance art september artists represented singapore venice work collection singapore art museum queensland art gallery solomon museum expressed concern environmental social issues art works horn drink tiger whip believes potential individual collective effect social changes art deals national cultural identities participated numerous community public art projects workshops performances education personal life born singapore eldest sons second brother visual artist based singapore father journalist chinese daily newspaper sin studied chinese medium school disliked english mathematics teachers preferred playing school neighbourhood children learned speak chinese enjoyed drawing gained confidence secondary school paintings accepted art competitions awarded diploma youth community works national youth leadership institute years later solo exhibition drawings paintings sponsored singapore art society staged singapore chinese chamber commerce industry subsequently went united_kingdom study sculpture graduated bachelor fine arts class honours school fine art birmingham abroad changed big mist later returned attended advanced courses saint school art received master fine arts college university london doctorate married son ben known professionally sound artist living career early career founding artists village returning singapore completing undergraduate studies engaged performance art works art composed actions performed artist certain place time following year staged work installation art called earthworks national museum art gallery comprised works product sun product rain dishes earth soil pieces water stained hung construction site process turned public housing estate installation art uses materials media sound video performance modify way particular space experienced founded artists village originally located rural north singapore art colony established singapore goal inspire artists create experimental art described artists village alternative venue dedicated promotion encouragement experimental alternative arts singapore endeavors establish open space artists mature pace provide environment allows experiment experience exchange ideas noted village beacon catalyst mentor artists moved village soon kit julian contemporary artists singapore begin practising installation art performance art younger artists exposed artistic developments parts world organized exhibitions village arranged collaborations national museum art gallery national arts council singapore festival arts artists village lost original site land development registered non profit society february stages events public spaces difficulties performance art january artist cut hair audience performance protesting media coverage gay issues event reported new paper resulting public outcry perceived led national arts council cease funding performance art performance artists practised art abroad performances presented singapore dance theatre interviewed august director practice performing arts school said review policy long noted received asian culture prize art form facto banned singapore eventually reversed funding rule performance art september august president singapore visited singapore art exhibition sale artworks singapore artists wore black jacket don money arts yellow handed note president read artist important prevented speaking president aide camp later told media wished tell president artists important public money funded wrong kind art art commercial taste recent activities subject episode artist documentary television series episodes singapore art broadcast arts central october artists representing singapore venice presented installation untitled consisting beds positioned upright trees portable ancestral altar album drawings photographs found objects drawings people faces beds wrapped tree installation accompanied recording son sounds captured venice single day work described national arts council suggestive spiritual wandering emotional mark travelling life work consisting ink paintings representing erosion village communities urban development acquired queensland art gallery gallery modern art january june presented earth work national gallery singapore staging exhibition recorded instance singapore land art exhibition includes placed large pieces fabric let rain sun mark fabric work tiger whip displayed national gallery singapore gallery known remains enigmatic person august interview straits times fellow artist vincent said hands person good ideas doesn talk tell art expressed concern environmental social issues art works horn drink table going direction tiger whip presented work installation performance piece singapore consisted life sized tigers wire covered white wearing white dragged tigers modified version installation singapore art museum features tiger resting rocking chair piece red cloth painted red work highlights tiger hunted extinction chinese believe qualities february museum chose tiger whip represent singapore international south_africa works singapore art museum untitled sculpture called axe axe plant growing wooden handle regarded early example found art singapore focus art theme national cultural identities born japanese example notes issued japanese birth certificate born japanese occupation singapore british national world war malaysian citizen singapore joined federation malaysia citizen singapore gained independence living conscious chinese identity later took view fully chinese china occupied sure chinese blood sure ancestor got mixture thai people sic mixed true like think race world human race performances heart tree heart people centres banana tree inspired fact banana widely southeast_asia offering bring feared associated ghosts spirits sees banana trees reminder lack democracy certain parts world democracy asian countries world countries shallow roots banana tree need democracy participated numerous community public art projects workshops performances believes potential individual collective effect social changes said artist introduce sees learns works provoke thoughts eyes entertain decoration awards received singapore international foundation art grant participate international art japan october march following year received trophy japanese chamber commerce industry foundation originality influence performance art southeast_asia contributions won arts culture prize 10th asian culture prizes established foundation honour outstanding work individuals organizations preserve create unique diverse culture asia major exhibitions performances information table obtained artist valentine fine art archived original february retrieved october articles websites interviewer fast moving asian contemporary art works asian month retrieved october august information singapore artist reference point bank national library singapore retrieved october books contemporary art singapore introduction turner caroline tradition change contemporary art asia pacific queensland university queensland press isbn years singapore singapore art museum singapore art museum southeast asian contemporary art practices 1960s 1980s singapore national heritage board isbn japanese van southeast asian art today singapore publications isbn news reports art therapy helps people express straits times june jason june art taken ride estates place straits times artists eyes business times singapore october january art big hit diverse range media employed quality works display mixed post