vampire folklore region legends vampires existed cultures ancient greeks romans tales demonic entities blood drinking spirits considered modern vampires despite occurrence vampire like creatures ancient folklore entity know today vampire originates exclusively early 18th century southeastern europe particularly verbal traditions ethnic groups region recorded published cases vampires evil beings suicide victims created spirit possessing corpse vampire belief legends areas caused mass public executions people believed vampires ancient beliefs tales consuming blood flesh living beings found nearly culture world centuries today know entities predominantly vampires ancient times term vampire exist blood drinking similar activities attributed demons spirits eat flesh drink blood devil considered synonymous vampire nation associated blood drinking kind demon goddess egypt legends given rise european folklore strictly considered vampires historians today definitions area rampant blood drinking demons thought tales blood drinking demons creatures attempting drink blood men depicted excavated pottery ancient tales mythical synonymous giving rise hebrew daughters hebrew considered demon depicted blood babies legend originally included traditional jewish texts according medieval folk traditions considered adam wife eve texts left adam queen demons actually refused adam subordinate banished god like greek prey young babies mothers night males hebrew law absolutely forbade eating human flesh drinking type blood blood drinking described exceptionally evil ward attacks parents hang child cradle alternate version states legend type spirit originally arose described beautiful maiden believed vampire having chosen lover let spirits considered anthropomorphic bird wind night demon described sexual predator blood babies mothers demons goddess group mentioned having historically older image left mark figure daughter heaven depicted terrifying blood creature lion head body akin primarily preyed mothers said watch pregnant women particularly went labor newborn mother drink blood eat flesh texts described comes appears brings evil destruction men trees rivers roads buildings brings harm flesh eating monster demon closely associated word like general term demons evil evil tells spirits threaten house rage people eat flesh let blood flow like rain stop drinking blood invoked different texts showing byzantine myth appears child stealing child killing female demon manner ancient greece ancient greek mythology contains modern vampires considered included ancient roman mythology time terms general words describe demons respectively daughter goddess described demonic bronze creature blood transforming young woman men slept drinking blood daughter king secret lover wife discovered infidelity killed offspring swore vengeance preyed young children beds night blood like children preyed young men described having bodies birds general later incorporated roman mythology kind nocturnal bird fed human flesh blood romanian vampire breed named direct relation greek derived roman term slavic myths creatures similar slavic greek entities seen homer epic odyssey homer tale heard living communicate drinking blood epic sacrifice black ram black shades drink blood communicate ancient india india tales like beings inhabit corpses found old sanskrit folklore legends compiled prominent story tells king nightly quests capture elusive described creature like bat associated modern day hangs upside trees found grounds returned spirits evil died insane bear attributes medieval early modern europe 12th century english historians walter map william recorded accounts records english legends beings date tales similar later folklore widely reported 18th century basis vampire legend later entered germany england subsequently embellished time 18th century vampire sightings frequent grave taking place identify kill potential government officials compelled hunting vampires despite called age enlightenment legends belief vampires increased dramatically resulting called mass europe panic began outbreak alleged vampire attacks east prussia monarchy spread famous vampire cases officially recorded involved corpses arnold serbia reported died age allegedly returned death asking son food son refused found dead following day soon supposedly returned attacked neighbours died loss blood second case arnold soldier turned farmer allegedly attacked vampire years died death people began die surrounding area widely believed returned prey neighbours incidents documented government officials examined bodies wrote case reports published books europe commonly referred 18th century vampire controversy generation problem exacerbated rural claimed vampire attacks undoubtedly caused higher present village communities locals digging bodies cases scholars reported period vampires exist attributed reports premature burial belief continued increase respected french theologian scholar comprehensive treatise ambiguous concerning existence vampires amassed reports vampire incidents numerous readers including critical supportive interpreted treatise claiming vampires existed philosophical dictionary wrote vampires corpses went graves night suck blood living returned persons waned grew pale fell consumption corpses grew fat got enjoyed excellent appetite poland hungary austria dead good cheer controversy ceased empress maria austria sent personal physician van investigate claims entities concluded vampires exist empress passed laws prohibiting opening graves bodies sounding end vampire despite condemnation vampire lived artistic works local albania vampire creatures mythology include witch traditional folklore blood night sleep turns flying insect traditionally fly bee cure drained pictured woman wearing cape face male durham recorded methods traditionally considered effective defending oneself cross pig bone placed entrance church easter sunday rendering inside unable leave captured killed threshold attempted pass recorded story draining blood victim generally woods silver coin soaked blood wrapped cloth offering permanent protection greece bearing little resemblance ancient greek modern greek slavic word meaning common european vampire belief vampires commonly called referred crete persisted greek history widespread 18th 19th centuries practices enforced prevent combat deceased graves years death remains placed box relatives wine poured priest read scriptures body sufficiently decayed corpse labeled dealt appropriately greek folklore occur means religious day committing great crime dying causes included having cat jump grave eating meat sheep killed wolf cursed usually thought indistinguishable living people giving rise folk tales theme crosses blessed bread church different places prevent vampires rising dead hearts pierced iron nails resting graves bodies burned ashes scattered church opposed burning people received baptism ritual considered resort hungary hungary belief vampires existed middle ages creatures mentioned notes 12th century hungarian interrogated pagan trial city claimed existence demon called means blood demon described wild entity eventually called destroy enemies hungarian experts estimate word origin dates period hungarians arrival europe word roots ancient turkish language hungarians contact late 8th century regions asia europe iceland usually translated ghost unlike mainland ghosts believed scholars argued common eastern european vampire beings categorized ghosts according medieval categories guardians stay certain place usually burial mound home protect treasures thieves depicted driven greed belongings way similar dragons second category type folklore human rib given life drinking blood witch sent steal milk money parasitic ghosts earth harass living try drive mad kill dragging graves turn victims comparison vampires entirely new andrew called saga vampire similarity methods destroy alleged vampires suspected corpse common driving nails sharp stakes body pin grave jewish traditions hebrew word literal translation synonymous vampires dam literally blood later vampire traditions appear european jews medieval particular medieval interpretation common vampires version held able transform animal usually cat charm victims believing irresistible daughters usually drain victims retains attributes found vampires late early 18th century document found library copies jean translation text contains male female mention adam eve angels lines shown dialog prophet come host demons kill mother newborn drink blood suck bones eat flesh informs lose power uses secret names reveals end jewish stories depict vampires traditional way kiss death daughter demon king breath man betrayed strongly reminiscent fatal kiss vampire rare story found tells old vampire named uses hair drain blood victims similar tale book describes witch heart ensure come dead enemies romania romanian vampires known romanian word meaning dead slavic word meaning nightmare classified living dead live described living hearts souls said ability send souls night meet consume blood livestock neighbours similarly dead described corpses blood attacked living family live death ways person vampire person born extra tail extra hair doomed vampire fate applied seventh child family previous siblings sex born early mother encountered black cat crossing path pregnant woman eat salt looked vampire witch child vampire child born risk vampires died unnatural death baptism finally person red hair blue eyes seen potential type romanian vampire types humans born tail shape shift like control transformation entire power kept tail remain wolf form romanian vampires said bite victims heart eyes sudden deaths indicate presence vampire graves opened seven years burial corpse checked washed culture people literally dead believed return dead cause acts drink human blood relative person caused death potential victims properly observe burial ceremonies kept deceased possessions instead properly destroying female vampires return lead normal life marry eventually exhaust husband sexual appetite similar european beliefs male vampires father children known hired detect rid vampires horrible appearance missing finger similar animal believed vampire person died unseen vampire likewise corpse turned black burial dogs cats plants agricultural tools vampires kept house long start noises blood according late serbian people believed vampires invisible people seen twin brother sister born saturday wore clothes inside likewise settlement protected finding twins vampire outdoors night flee immediately spotted celtic nations like scottish highlands isle man scotland ireland fairy spirits decidedly tendencies irish myths combination contributed storylines irish authors literally red blood beautiful young woman commits suicide forced marriage rises grave seek revenge killing father husband portugal form bird night travellers female spirits hostile humans legend literally evil blood pronounced castle guarded mountains county legend evil repeatedly escapes grave spread terror accounts drink blood subjects dead killed sword wood buried upside slavic europe common causes slavic folklore include immoral person suffering unnatural death suicide improper burial rituals animal jumping bird flying corpse grave serbian folk belief born teeth tail conceived certain days southern russia people known talk believed risk vampires slavic vampires able appear butterflies echoing earlier belief butterfly departed soul traditions spoke living vampires people souls kind witch capable leaving body engaging harmful activity sleeping beliefs east northern regions russia unique having features vampires slavic peoples drink blood bear derived common slavic root vampire ukrainian legends conventional ukraine vampires described dead seen engaging long death ukrainian folklore described vampires having red faces tiny tails cholera 19th century cases people burned alive neighbours charges vampires south slavic folklore vampire believed pass distinct stages development days considered decisive making vampire started invisible shadow gradually gained strength blood forming typically invisible like mass eventually building human like body nearly identical person life development allowed creature ultimately leave grave begin new life human vampire usually male sexually active children widow new wife vampires special ability kill vampires allowing vampire hunters talent believed found persons born saturday region croatia female vampire called drinks blood men recent dead lived men women crossroads bridges caves locals homes drinking blood killed wooden stake thrust croatia czech_republic slovakia type vampire called literally translates describe vampire led evil life human turn strong cold killer especially mother son ways created usually comes family protect homes placing wine windows entering killed fire awake rite found grave day bulgaria middle ages beginning 20th century common practice pin corpses heart iron stake prevent return vampire ward threat vampires disease twin brothers twin village egg broken nail driven floor beneath house recently deceased person elderly women attend cemetery evening funeral stick old knives grave position deceased chest positions arms legs texts maintain running backwards lit turtle ward stalking vampire alternately surround grave red thread thread wait burnt noise heard night suspected vampire house shout come tomorrow salt pal fish come earliest recordings vampire activity came region modern croatia local reports cited local vampire village near cause panic villagers peasant died local villagers claimed returned dead began drinking blood people sexually widow village leader ordered stake driven heart method failed kill subsequently beheaded better results spain spain traditions beings tendencies highlights described old vampire sticks single tooth blood victims equivalent exists legend dip evil vampire dog islands belief beings form blood witch example provided legend africa regions africa tales beings abilities west_africa people tell iron toothed tree dwelling people form hunts children eastern cape region south_africa form large bird summon thunder lightning people madagascar tell outlaw living vampire drinks blood eats nail nobles americas female vampire like monsters trinidad folklore southern chile snake known hung backwards near door thought ward beings south american mythology described tales skeletal faced spirits died stole children entered sexual living driving mad example vampire belief result combination beliefs mixture french african term possibly comes french meaning common culture mauritius stories widespread caribbean islands louisiana united_states late 18th 19th centuries widespread belief vampires parts new_england particularly rhode_island eastern connecticut documented cases families loved ones removing hearts belief deceased vampire responsible sickness death family term vampire actually describe deceased deadly disease tuberculosis consumption known time believed caused nightly dead family member died consumption famous recently recorded case suspected nineteen year old mercy brown died exeter rhode_island father assisted family physician removed tomb months death heart cut burnt ashes legend cross current fiction legends portray zombies vampires evil spirit inhabited recently dead bodies caused corpse rise living believed effective ward asia rooted older folklore modern belief vampires spread asia tales entities mainland beings islands southeast_asia india developed legends soul man died death dead bodies night attacking living like northern india vampire like creature head encircled skull drank blood japan native legends vampires japanese vampires appearances cinema japan late 1950s legends female vampire like beings parts upper body occur philippines malaysia indonesia main vampire like creatures philippines blood self variety takes form attractive girl day develops wings long hollow thread like tongue night use elongated like tongue suck pregnant women prefer eat specifically heart liver sick people described older beautiful woman capable upper order fly night huge bat like wings prey sleeping pregnant women homes tongue suck blood sleeping victim malaysian beautiful old young woman obtained beauty active use black magic unnatural means commonly described local dark demonic nature able head flies night looking blood typically pregnant women hang doors windows houses hoping enter fear catching similar folklore indonesia malaysia woman died seeking revenge villages appeared attractive woman long black hair covered hole neck blood children filling hole hair drive corpses mouths filled glass eggs prevent similar young old woman head night windows houses looking lungs hearts blood dead alive animals returns body day married bed quickly starts heads allow room husbands afraid run away house movies women turn special holy water according local legends passed considered afraid humans run afraid stuck like river certain path remembers carefully called chinese vampires corpses usually magical reasons ancient china people preference buried person dies land hometown family members hire bring deceased family member family commissions village travel place person death locate corpse write spell stick corpses face spell paper contains words corpse paper stuck corpses face newly created follow lead hometown burial resort choice families money hire cart carry corpse usually travel night traveling written spell paper falls pulled case paid agreed rip spell paper gains consciousness power lost instead corpse followed rampant dangerous freed begin killing living creatures absorb life essence victims said created person soul fails leave deceased body unusual features chinese vampire include long curved derived appearance growing corpses flesh recession greenish white skin derived fungus mould growing corpses legends inspired genre films literature hong_kong east asia films like encounters kind vampire released cinematic boom 1980s 1990s sri_lanka belief blood demon found according mythology tore mother breast emerged human world demon killing demon said primary form cases said giant towers human victims primary form face blue blood red rays eyes blood nostrils smoke ears mouth filled human flesh breath foul entire body coloured scarlet blood closely associated demon king death


lgbt themes hindu mythology lgbt themes hindu mythology involve hindu deities heroes attributes behavior interpreted lesbian gay bisexual lgbt having elements gender non sexuality traditional hindu literary sources speak homosexuality directly changes sex encounters gender characters found traditional religious narratives regional folklore hindu mythology examples deities changing gender different different times combining form beings gods change sex manifest avatar opposite sex order facilitate sexual congress non divine beings undergo sex changes actions gods result natural outcome hindu mythology contains numerous incidents sexual interactions serve non sexual sacred purpose cases sex interactions gods condemn interactions times occur blessing addition stories gender sexual generally accepted mainstream modern scholars activists highlighted lgbt themes lesser known texts stories traditionally considered analyses caused disagreements true meaning ancient stories gender deities deities indian mythology represented male female different times different incarnations manifest characteristics created merging god consort means lord half woman form represents lies associated communication gods men women says homosexual symbolic value considered privileged beings images similar merger occurs beauty prosperity goddess husband forming takes form order trick demons giving life later attracted rocks turn gold wife hangs head shame sees husband pursuit stories asks form actual transformation stories knows true nature interpreted suggest gender sexual attraction writes focusing miss narrative deeper significance represents material aspect reality attempt induce taking interest matters cites story power demon tries kill taking form woman placing sharp teeth recognizes kills demon placing act later story origin god pregnant gives birth shame writes pregnant sprang embracing version king adopts baby version referred born later son grows great hero according tamil versions god krishna incarnation took form married order chance experience love death volunteered sacrificed krishna remained mourning form time death marriage death commemorated annually rite known indian gender role krishna marry mass wedding followed day festival festival ends ritual burial tamil style beating ritual dances breaking changing white mourning clothes gender heroes changes sex cross dressing occur myths non divine figures figure character originally born girl named king previous lifetime woman named rendered hero undertook great gods granted wish cause death divine voice told raise son raised like man trained warfare arranged marry female wedding night wife discovered husband female insulted fled met exchanged sex returned man led happy married life wife children war recognised refused fight woman accordingly hid order defeat invincible telling known man woman equal men wife death transferred example gender refused advances cursed member gender krishna assured curse serve perfect disguise year exile took dressed women clothes causing curse effect gained entry city ruled king taught arts music singing dancing princess female attendees describes cross dressing disguise source comedy story references arms physically transformed woman requests permission krishna mystical dance women attend story king cursed man month woman appears traditional hindu texts changing sex loses memory gender period marries god planet mercury knows alternating gender doesn male remains unaware life woman live man wife female version bears son called mother father child birth curse lifted totally changed man goes father children wife patrons lgbt sex people numerous deities considered patrons sex inclined people patronage originate mythological stories deity religious practices rituals example sparks argue goddess fire love sexuality linked lesbian rituals honor example pieces wood perceived feminine called spiritual lesbian interaction patron goddess popular shown riding carrying sword book stories link changes physical sexual characteristics result aiming men believed originated mortal woman story attacked attempts rape takes sword cuts breasts dies story husband catches woods engage behavior causing fall forcing dress woman stories link gender divine myth concerns king prayed son complied prince grew night appeared prince dream ordered cut wear women clothes servant believed continue identify men command refuse seven incarnations myth origin cult required self remain son krishna patron people dresses women clothes mock trick people easily enter company women seduce dressed woman cursed questioned supposed pregnancy result curse remaining male gives birth iron mortar sex sexual interactions homosexual bisexual activity occurs gods interactions usually considered purely purposes sexual pleasure god fire wealth creative energy sex sexual encounters involve accepting gods married goddess shown sex couple god moon takes receptive role relationship accepting mouth paralleling role accepting sacrifices earth heaven orthodox ritual sexual encounters mouth represent feminine role accepts myths conception birth god male beauty battle numerous versions birth story exist having conception male input sex desire plays credited mother having sexual intercourse causing mother versions accepting carrying child male combination gods fear outcome embrace appears gods declares let step forward accept discharge prompting gods captures hands stories condemn actions calling wicked improper eleventh century text forces reluctant receive causes burning sensation prompting wives group advice wives turn drop river flows shore springs son hands turn throws lake born myths mountain divine making child gods according interpretation gods great intimacy mentioned literature universal waters controls ocean depths lower rules ocean upper regions rivers literature portrayed icons affection intimate friendship males sanskrit word means friend companion depicted riding shark bearing ropes shells water portrayed seated golden drawn seven ancient texts furthermore associate lunar phases sex relations hand half new moon night meet pleased cake offering pleased obtained person knowing night seed moon later produced seed similarly said seed moon night purpose securing future moon nights discouraged times consequently associated unusual types intercourse lists having children non sex example fathered sage fell mound born water discharged presence account similar gay couples having children mothers modern days versions text contain story queens conceived child famous king sun dynasty died concerned heir appeared king widowed queens commanded love bear beautiful son queens execute order conceived child child born sage child restored health named child born later famous kings india credited bringing river earth elephant headed wisdom god conception numerous versions sources consider conception occurs outside versions consider produced purely actions fashioned clay protect advances bathing blocks beheaded later restored life 13th century text birth result blood washed elephant headed turn gives birth giving female origin considers birth lack male input use sweat blood points consider birth use non considered sacred hindu rituals literature literature use word refer people born condition refers types likewise famous period characters king example sex love said seen shared love regard die time different places instance friendship king poet shown friendship lyrical suggestive intimate relationship explicit representation possibility critical analysis hindu traditional literary sources little homosexuality directly traditional texts masked adherence strict gender rules critical study hampered lack sanskrit words modern homosexuality words specific sex sexual acts exist murphy writes lgbt themes ignored scholars early investigations sexual minorities hindu culture failed stories artwork depicting sex sexual acts mythological beings murphy describes study lgbt topics hindu culture infancy writes hindu literature cultures accorded phenomenon prominent place realms mythology religion traditional india considers numerous myths concerning gender change manifestation cultures desire control sexuality women writes myths project positive women changes gender caused god use magic order facilitate romantic encounter change gender occur spontaneously changes person spiritual moral character single life according encyclopedia love world religions activists ancient texts searching alternative voices demonstrate diversity gender models scholars include attempted uncover lesbian ancient sanskrit texts lesbian desire ancient modern india attempts locate spaces sex intimacy vernacular texts sex love india readings literature history lgbt interpretations popular stories characters controversial lord obstacles lord beginnings applied approaches hindu stories book stated trunk represented love indicated desire perform homosexual oral sex book similar application study questioned western indian academics including nicholas stated book based book infamous india triggering protests resulting public apology publishers withdrawal book india scholarship focuses interpretation hindu texts similarly controversial criticised described rude crude sanskrit academics works feature lgbt interpretations hindu myths include books erotic tales sex violence splitting difference gender myth ancient greece india michael professor sanskrit said knowledge sanskrit severely flawed nicholas european criticised works wrote obsessed meaning myths sexual general sparks david sparks encyclopedia myth symbol spirit isbn paul lord obstacles lord beginnings oxford_university press isbn das people sex corporation isbn splitting difference gender myth ancient greece india volumes jordan lectures comparative religion university_of_chicago press isbn tales sex violence folklore sacrifice danger isbn robert july gender anxiety traditional india journal american oriental society american oriental society encyclopedia love world religions abc isbn murphy reader guide lesbian gay studies taylor francis isbn man woman tales hindu lore isbn christopher gay empowering tribe isbn lesbian desire ancient modern india isbn sex love india readings literature history isbn das hindu deities sex


comes old norse semi legendary norwegian petty king portrayed legendary norse considered historical reconstructed estimates based saga information living time 7th century kingdom said based interior south western norway number naval battles succeeded conquering islands western coast subsequently moved kingdom seat north east largest islands adjacent strategically important site later given king kingdom expanded incorporate parts today south western daughters including notably fought alongside called shield female warriors owned sacred cow kept believing owed victories cow power milk killed battle rival native king western story originally interpreted different ways usually taken mean held awe derived west meaning holy unrest interpretations include ruler coast meaning stretch coastline ruler island meaning dangerous waters island imply king originally suggested probably epithet gained adulthood given speculation actually historians alternatively suggested title possibly shared single individual saga account centred particularly notable individual background lived early suggestion placed 3rd century modern estimates based reported descendants said settled iceland old men consolidated power norway according estimate based generation cycles years notes years accurate lived migration period slightly varied interpretations early 7th century considered shorter generation cycle years place years later end 7th century justify right rule norse royal families things traced divine creatures member west royal families traced ancestry ancient giant likely according son turn son son son direct descendant originally throne historian located western placed kingdom mountains concluding kingdom stretched western hand identified old questions conditions area allowed rise great described battle hungry carried raids foreign territory gaining great wealth honour result series successful naval battles went conquer land island people based islands western coast banished newly conquered land set new base favourable location largest island site chose later named based archaeological findings believed ambitions increasingly powerful norwegian time influenced especially empire builder compared convinced cow responsible victories kept believed cow milk provided special strength according accounts cow wore golden collar neck daughters including female warriors known shield norwegian fought alongside father battles unnamed queen gave birth son away hunting men raised earl rivalry death set base north eastern western island ruled king enemies changed men attended banquet started friendly visit turned sour returned home men leaving daughters held captive apparently tolerate went north army meeting army near resulting battle fatalities clear victor conclusive battle took place field near men hid waiting appear fierce battle followed cow lost lives daughters saw dead jumped river drowned according killed man named says called saga half heroes names killer men possibly refers men aftermath according historical sources cow taken battlefield buried saga writes excavated revealing bones man cow local legends burial stating instead buried south 12th century churchyard large memorial stone standing raised outside churchyard memory generations following death royal appear fight region dynasty dynasty suggested modern historians brothers event son king father death parts turn succeeded son buried son king mounted expeditions denmark eventually captured kingdom zealand denmark son half appears protagonist saga half heroes family tree following tables common rendering family tree attributed including ancestors descendants historical fiction saga isbn


old norse referring concept fate named norse mythology attested poetic compiled 13th century earlier traditional sources prose written 13th century sources lies beneath world tree associated trio prose cited wells existing beneath roots reach distant different lands wells located beneath root located beneath root near home frost scholarly theory speculation surrounds attested following works poetic poetic mentioned poem stanza poem stanza described located beneath green ash tree covered white mud stanza describes come described lake trio set laws chose lives sons men men stanza matter debate considered unclear having referred mysterious obscure debated benjamin translates stanza time discourse preacher chair silent sat saw listened men words prose prose attested chapters beginning chapter twice chapter book prose figure high tells described king disguise roots high describes roots support stretch great distance root located extends heaven beneath holy high details day gods ride bridge hold court high provides information chapter high says beautiful places heaven divine protection beautiful hall stands ash near hall come names shape lives men high goes describe nature chapter high states water mud lies pour branches decay water described holy enters white membrane called skin lies round inside high quotes stanza states feed descend chapter starts asking chief centres exist outside sections book reference reference section fragment work 10th century recited explaining fire sword passage reads sword fire said battle grid wolf waged war advanced ringing fire rose mentioned second time section time associated christ section states early referred christ relation rome quotes late 10th century states powerful king rome increased realm lands heath land giants lands christ said throne south theories temple parallels pointed description base world tree christian medieval chronicler adam bremen account base sacred tree temple sweden found 11th century work christianity influenced account section associates south rome theories proposed description relation notions jordan river similarities perceived connection known pagan selection describing directly christ christ taken responsibility providence fate


demon hindu mythology sanskrit singular masculine root literally long haired horse demon healed krishna avatar god demon dispatched krishna evil uncle destined die krishna hands tale healing told hindu scriptures krishna praised scriptures theories suggested origins range demon childhood diseases story inspired greek labour horses legend legend recounted tenth book evil king maternal uncle krishna destined killed krishna attempt avoid death sends series demons krishna staying foster parents krishna kills bull demon divine sage confirms krishna sister child girl child killed child fact daughter krishna foster mother infuriated hearing calls demon orders kill krishna brother assumes form huge horse speed thoughts wears earth vehicles clouds sky people krishna challenges duel horse creating havoc like lion charges krishna striking krishna catches hold legs great distance recovering fall agitated opens mouth attacks krishna soon krishna left arm mouth teeth fall krishna arm expands death sweat flows body eyes roll struggles kicking feet falls ground assuming true demon form gods krishna thanks krishna easily horse demon driving gods abandon heaven great deeds krishna perform later including killing fourth book 1st century bce 4th century tells story appears episode calls host demons kill male children realizes krishna born chapters fourth book presents detailed account death parallels account narrative death disclosure subsequent ordering terror earth sky krishna challenge fight starts directly attacking krishna opened mouth hand krishna time tearing body halves splitting body told eulogy death follows account decreed krishna called slayer epic narrates incident similar fashion complete praise identifying krishna 1st 2nd century bce tell agent sent kill krishna killing krishna killed describes killing demon sent leaves century buddhist writer mentions killing passage origins 2nd millennium bce appears described demon attacks relation krishna line passage describes attack female reads let black born reed snout harmful creatures away original scholar indian religions demon childhood diseases like killed infant krishna hypothesis unanimous tales killing known period metropolitan museum art parallels krishna killing labour greek hero horses episode inspired earliest sanskrit word known chinese 2nd century bce records treasures given ransom king king bce including mount named old chinese commemoration according krishna got krishna referred slayer twice chapter addressing krishna slayer expresses doubts war time finds krishna capable destroying represents false pride reference slayer expresses mad horse created havoc represents wild horse doubts run mind person chapter addresses krishna mighty armed paired slayer epithet reminding reader krishna killed arms thousand names calls krishna names slayer fourth century play interprets epithet slayer major bathing river krishna believed


eye eye eye ancient egyptian mythology functions feminine counterpart sun god violent force enemies eye extension power disk sun independent entity wide variety egyptian including eye goddess acts mother sibling consort daughter sun god partner creative cycle renewed form born dawn eye violent aspect defends agents disorder threaten rule dangerous aspect eye goddess represented cobra symbol protection royal authority eye similar eye belongs different god represents concepts disastrous effects eye goddess control efforts gods return state prominent motif egyptian mythology eye involved areas ancient egyptian religion including life giving power celebrated temple rituals dangerous aspect invoked protection sacred places ordinary people homes roles solar referred sun moon eye particular gods right eye god instance sun left eye moon times called lunar eye eye concept complex mythology symbolism called solar eye eye sun god ancient egyptian religion egyptian belief terms concepts fluid sun called eye yellow red disk like sun emblem egyptian art represents eye great importance sun egyptian religion emblem common religious symbols egyptian art usually emblem sun disk convex shape egyptian relief sculpture suggests envisioned sphere emblem appears atop heads solar associated deities including indicate links sun disk regarded physical form times sun god forms depicted inside disk shape enclosed described sun movement sky movement barque carrying entourage gods sun disk solar barque depicted containing barque inside disk called daughter egyptian texts sun eye source heat light associated fire flames red light appears sunrise morning star signals sun arrival eyes egyptian deities aspects power gods active roles mythology possibly word eye egyptian resembles word meaning act presence feminine explain independent eyes thought female eye particular deeply involved sun god creative actions egyptian mythology sun emergence horizon morning likened birth event order emerges body goddess represents sky usually depictions rising sun child contained solar disk context suggests disk represent born emerges eye form goddess according mother brings forth sister born alongside like said enter body sky goddess sunset setting stage rebirth sunrise consequently eye mother child form consort adult adult likewise father eye born sunrise eye feminine counterpart masculine creative power broader egyptian tendency express creation renewal metaphor sexual reproduction gives rise daughter eye turn gives rise son cycle constant regeneration unique relationship eye solar gods interact similar way numerous associated eye goddess sky sun fertility called eye relationship solar connections similar relationship eye called eye ways eyes blurred eye act extension companion creator god closely associated eye called eye times eye eye distinct eye sun eye moon myth eye known allusions coffin texts middle kingdom complete account late period demonstrates eye close connection ability act independently myth takes place creation world solar creator children creator god drifted away waters chaos exists creation egyptian belief sends eye find eye returns infuriated creator developed new eye taken place creator god giving position forehead form cobra appears frequently egyptian art particularly royal crowns equation eye crown eye role companion linked return creator god said shed tears prompted happiness children return distress eye anger unclear tears rise humans variant story eye instead eye tears eye general connection eye moisture addition representing morning star eye star summer start egyptian year rising star rose horizon sun heralded start egypt farmland eye represents restore fertility egypt aggressive protective eye represents destructive aspect power heat sun egypt harsh likened arrows shot god destroy logical symbol dangerous power art sun disk image incorporates solar represents eye dangerous force sun god guards enemies flames like venom said surround barque collectively called faces represent eye directions enemies forces chaos threaten cosmic order creates include humans spread disorder cosmic powers like embodiment chaos gods accompany barque said combat night gaze eye potent weapon eye powers counteract unclear passages coffin texts suggest thought capable injuring stealing eye master combat texts eye fiery breath assists destruction function eye point overlap eye similarly believed ward evil eye aggression extend deities unlike regarded evil evidence early texts suggests dawn believed swallow multitude gods instance stars sunrise sunset gods power nightfall solar eye said assist effort gods eat red light dawn signifies blood produced slaughter myth called destruction mankind related book heavenly cow new kingdom uses eye weapon humans rebelled authority sends eye aggressive manifestation goddess massacre day decides prevent killing humanity orders beer dyed red poured land eye goddess drinks beer blood state returns noticing intended victims returned harmless form suggests eye alludes heat widespread disease egyptian summer particular days new year regarded red beer refer red accompanied subsequent flood believed end period solar eye volatile nature difficult master control myth distant goddess motif variants eye goddess upset runs away versions anger replacement new eye search rebellion place world fully formed interpret events eye reaction slaughter humanity graves brown sees later myth related book heavenly cow solar eye gone vulnerable enemies large power eye absence weakened state mythological reference solar larger motif egyptian myth god eye lost restored help deity motif applies eye myth torn returned healed regain strength eye distant land libya punt takes form wild dangerous forces chaos meant subdue restore order gods goes retrieve version known scattered allusions warrior god searches eye takes form goddess skills hunter accounts searches case represents eye independent deity serves messenger egyptian seek wandering goddess role eye parallels role myth returns lost eye late period dubbed myth eye sun persuades eye return combination lectures entertaining stories efforts uniformly successful point goddess enraged words transforms relatively cat fire breathing making jump goddess god escorts egypt return marks beginning new year eye deity consort sun god versions story god brings consort paired minor goddess associated form eye cases eye goddess consort produce divine child new sun god goddess transformation hostile peaceful key step renewal sun god represents dual nature eye goddess shows graves brown puts saw double nature feminine encompassed extreme fury love view found texts describing human women instruction says man wife like cat happy like characteristics eye important egyptian conception female general eye ranging prominent deities like obscure ones like lion goddess appears known inscription associated gods took form sun deities like eye depicted domestic cat forms represent peaceful violent aspects eye goddess solar eye consort god associated called eye late new kingdom aspects character related eye grew increasingly prominent time appear cat form likewise cobra represented eye deity lower egypt closely associated royal crowns protection king eye associated cobra include fertility deity goddess divine protector burial grounds near city deities associated eye restricted forms usual animal form cow closely linked eye goddess vulture goddess closely connected eye crowns egypt eye appear mainly human form including deity said mother sun god linked include form star cosmic order connected eye said daughter isis usually companion deity fertility warfare imported native egypt solar eye frequently eye related appear representing different aspects eye deities stand aggressive sides eye character stand lower upper egypt respectively red crown white crown represent lands similarly main cult center served upper egyptian counterpart memphis lower egypt frequently combinations appear egyptian texts depicted lion head cobra cobra form counterpart great wore sun disk heads addition cow horns typical beginning middle kingdom word goddess context virtually goddess linked eye complex set attributes worship eye invoked areas egyptian religion mythology incorporated worship identified eye flight return egypt common feature temple ritual roman periods new year flood came celebrated return eye foreign lands built river containing images animals goddess arrival scholars know developed myth corresponding rituals earlier times oldest examples return home temple celebrated annually early new kingdom temple festival date late middle kingdom consort eye return eye goddess fertile moisture bearing form set stage subsequent marriage birth mythological child form temple new year festival celebrated homecoming drinking dancing paralleling goddess state cities peaceful forms eye temple ritual played ceremonial game honor eye struck ball eye club type wood said sprung eye ritual represents playful form battle eye greatest foe concept solar eye mother consort daughter god incorporated royal ideology took role associated eye sun incorporated queens new kingdom reflect mythological tie acted ceremonial wives particular gods intermediate period god wife similar relationship gods served iii dedicated temple wife manifestation eye paralleling temple nearby violent form eye invoked religious ritual symbolism agent protection royal divine alludes role eye gods kings similar reasons appear rows atop structures surrounding symbolically guarding hostile powers temple rituals called eye defend temple resident deity texts rituals specifically mention set defensive identified combinations associated eye seen faces protection solar barque extended rituals specific places earth eye invoked defend ordinary people shape eye bear figure goddess likely allusion connection eye eye power personal protection addition certain magical spells new kingdom involve placement clay model house room protection solar temple rituals intended ward evil spirits believed cause enemies house spell says models fire mouths models like spells found remains ancient egyptian towns include mouths fuel burnt known examples signs burning literal fire mouths like flames eye meant nocturnal darkness burn dangerous beings eye importance extends egyptian texts associate deceased souls nightly travels realm dead rebirth dawn texts eye appear protecting giving birth deceased spell coffin texts states eye like torch allowing deceased pass safely depths


john john latin legendary christian patriarch king popular european chronicles tradition 12th 17th century said rule church east christian nation lost amid muslims orient accounts varied collections medieval popular fantasy depicting john descendant ruling kingdom strange creatures john imagined reside india tales christians success thomas travels probably provided seeds legend coming western world accounts placed king central asia eventually portuguese explorers convinced found origin legend immediate genesis unclear legend john drew strongly earlier accounts orient travels particularly influential stories saint thomas india recorded 3rd century work known acts thomas reports church east greater persia church east called church gained wide following eastern nations engaged western imagination exotic christian particularly inspiring missionary successes turks central asia suggested seeds story come thousands members converted christianity shortly year 12th century rulers following custom bearing christian names fueled legend additionally tradition drawn early christian figure john syria existence ecclesiastical historian bishop based reading earlier church fathers man said document author john supposed teacher martyr bishop turn taught teacher little links figure supposedly active late 1st century john legend later accounts john borrowed heavily literary texts concerning east including great body ancient medieval geographical travel literature details lifted literary accounts tale sailor alexander romance fabulous account alexander great conquests especially influential regard scholars debated origins john corruption word priest sir john medieval writer famous lifetime travel accounts wrote emperor named john decides priest audience christian knight longer ben reference suggests reading correct interpretation john legend recorded early 12th century reports visits archbishop india constantinople patriarch india rome time pope visits confirmed evidence reports certain german chronicler reported previous year met certain hugh bishop syria court pope eugene iii hugh prince seeking western aid siege counsel eugene second crusade told presence pope john christian served dual position priest king regained city brother monarchs persia great battle years ago john allegedly set jerusalem rescue holy land swollen waters compelled return country fabulous wealth demonstrated descent connects account historical events defeated turks near time christian practiced christianity contributed legend possibility europeans unfamiliar concept buddhism assumed leader muslim christian report defeat inspired notion east possible recorded hugh report prevent crusade european according account help expected powerful eastern king letter john tale recorded copies certainly forged letter john started spreading europe wonder tale parallels suggesting author knew romance alexander mentioned acts thomas letter supposedly written byzantine emperor john descendant king india magic contained captured imagination europeans translated numerous languages including hebrew circulated embellished form centuries manuscripts examples exist invention printing letter popularity printed form current popular culture period european exploration letter essence lost kingdom christians existed central asia given reports pope alexander iii sent letter john physician philip september recorded philip probable return word john letter continued copy modern times analysis letter variant hebrew versions suggested origin jews northern italy italian words remained hebrew texts rate letter author likely purpose remains unclear empire bishop acre returned disastrous fifth crusade good news king david india son grandson john mobilized armies conquered persia empire control moving baghdad descendant great king defeated planned rebuild jerusalem controversial soviet historian speculated reduced kingdom jerusalem levant legend order raise christian hopes encourage european monarchs time lost interest getting involved costly distant region far removed states affairs bishop acre correct thinking great king conquered persia king david turned khan reign took story john new direction seen christianity enemies proved tolerant religious subjects resist empire east asian ruler invite major religions christianity islam buddhism learn beliefs ruler reputed christian favorite wives europeans imagined influential disastrous sack baghdad empire rise gave western christians opportunity visit lands seen set large numbers empire secure roads belief lost kingdom existed east states salvation depended alliance eastern monarch reason numerous christian ambassadors missionaries sent include explorers del william link john khan elaborated time identified foster father king given title khan fairly explorers polo historian jean voyager stripped john portraying realistic monarch places john land west route europe mentions capital correspond capital near moscow describes khan chronicle wise man tribes leads victory strongest enemy john william says certain lord brother king john defeated daughter married son union produced khan time william wrote according polo travels war started new ruler rebellious asked hand john daughter marriage angered vassal request john denied uncertain terms war followed john perished historical figure accounts fact christian monarch defeated fostered future khan death father early allies falling rejected proposal son daughter children rift grew war broke captured daughter brother married son children including major characteristic john tales period king portrayal invincible hero merely adversaries defeated empire collapsed europeans began shift away idea john central asian king rate little hope finding travel region dangerous security empire provided works travels sir john john john domain tends regain fantastic aspects finds located central asia india proper exotic von tied history john holy legend poem son maiden knight theory forward russian scholar suggested john found kings georgia time experienced military resurgence challenging muslim power theory regarded certain henry modern georgian historians dismissed friedrich john considered ruler india legend beginnings india vague concept europeans writers spoke lacking real knowledge indian_ocean considered knew powerful christian nation contact sporadic rise islam john found asia european imagination moved india found appropriately powerful kingdom evidence suggested locating john kingdom entered collective consciousness polo discussed magnificent christian land orthodox christians legend nation day rise invade place john ambassadors emperor came europe john mentioned patriarch church record visit description african john dominican missionary discussing india records number stories land king says europeans john point african location increasingly popular resulted increasing ties europe africa saw kings actively negotiating possibility strategic marriage kingdoms portuguese envoys sent traveling secretly overland gather information possible sea route india john managed reach received forbidden depart envoys sent taken portuguese result mission facing muslim expansion regent queen sent ambassador king portugal pope search coalition reached portugal having returned portuguese embassy priest francisco francisco book included testimony das das true relation lands john indies direct account greatly increasing european knowledge time presented pope published quoted time emperor portuguese established diplomatic contact john europeans knew emperor called emperor ambassadors emperor attended council florence confused council insisted referring monarch john tried explain list names title occur little stop europeans calling king john writers title understand indigenous instance use simply readers familiar thought authentic claimed years origin john legend modern experts believe legend simply adapted fit nation fashion projected khan central asia 13th century modern scholars find country early material suitable identification place furthermore specialists history effectively demonstrated story widely known european contact czech asked emperor identification states man told kings accustomed passage richard states apparently recorded statement monarch tale likely unaware title inquiry 17th century academics like german demonstrated actual native connection john monarchs king left maps good modern reception legend affected years european world history directly indirectly encouraging europe explorers missionaries scholars treasure hunters william_shakespeare play contains early modern reference legendary king british novelist politician john legend sixth book john supplement plot uprising south_africa book example early 20th century adventure novel proved popular day charles williams member 20th century literary group john protector holy novel war heaven kingdom figure prominently novel titular protagonist friends write letter john adoptive father frederick stolen send work john appeared 20th century pulp fiction comics example marvel comics featured john issues fantastic significant supporting character issues comics fantasy series son thunder avatar ally hero defined video game castles siege conquest contains sub plot involving search john kingdom john features williams epic trilogy memory sorrow season polo includes references john fiction isbn fox december sword love number new_york gold medal books blessed isbn brooks monsters isbn leo series man man


demon female mythological creature recorded folklore serbs considered demons bad weather main purpose lead hail producing direction fields destroy crops away extremely particularly like eat children limited earth believed try sun moon causing mean end world succeed people encounter mental physical health life favor gained approaching respect trust good relationship beneficial makes favorites rich saves lives times trouble appearance described folklore given look like black wind gigantic creature indistinct form huge monster female dragon raven assume human animal shapes possess person body believed diversity appearances described synthesis slavic demon bad weather similar demon central balkans pre slavic population folk tales personality similar russian said live clouds lake spring hidden remote place forest mountain cave gigantic tree usually hostile humans powerful enemies defeat like dragons tales takes dragons role cases saint dragons fight eagles regarded defenders chasing away fields preventing bringing hail clouds overhead origin mythological beings common slavic ethnic groups exclusive bulgarian folklore slavic groups demons bad weather east witch called imagined woman gigantic stature big nose iron teeth protruding chin believed ate children presence brought thunderstorms cold weather term present customs beliefs slavic groups usually wind darkness rain leads scholars believe slavic demon called associated bad weather traces beliefs demon preserved south expressions bad weather common early spring etc brought balkans ancient homeland beliefs combined native populations eventually developing pre slavic balkan source related female demons bad weather serbia like led hail clouds crops ruin uprooted trees greek female demon contributed development like eats children called southern serbia macedonia word derived synonym bulgarian remained creature distinct shares similarities numerous variations form ranging animal half animal concepts tell beliefs demons uniform etymology demon standard serbian comes lost recorded serbian dialect retained sound bulgarian reason believed original initial sound fact led serbian scholar reject etymology given including serbian academy sciences arts demon comes turkish word snake word lacks sound instead stem greek word hail pronounced etymology proposed bulgarian scholar supported bulgarian scholar serbian scholars according serbian scholar stem south slavic dialect slavic south slavic languages emerged represents derived slavic root denoting fury elements possible language large creature thing appearance dragon like demon connected wind thunderstorm hail clouds believed region central serbia invisible heard powerful dark hail clouds bulgaria farmers saw horrible huge wings sword like thick tail dark cloud cloud overtook village villagers sky hoping imperial eagle emerging believed mighty bird cross cloud fields eastern bulgaria appeared clouds regions bulgaria seen bull huge horns black cloud dark fog snake like monster wings tails thought inhabit remote mountain areas caves keeps bad weather bulgarian tradition thunderstorms hail clouds interpreted battle good dragon eagle evil serbs believed tail ground hides head clouds saw head instantly insane high relief carved window monastery church eagle looks according description eastern serbia large creature snake body horse head common opinion sister dragon looks like spell eastern serbia described headed snake description recorded region black horrible creature form wind similarly region eastern serbia people imagine black wind moving land goes blows turning like drill exposed mad bulgaria violent wind sweeps way brings havoc belief region states monster enormous mouth holds hand big wooden grabs gets way story man kept barn drank thirty milk day warns form crops eastern serbia believed interact people humans animals true seen called men fingers hands toes feet human looking cause houses shake enter belief recorded region charge moon display abilities repeatedly shift basic shape headed snakes men hold iron black young big black wolves effect humans primarily destroy crops fields leading hail storm clouds overhead usually half summer grain crops believed drink crops seize crops village transport place huge ears making villages poor rich held reason region central serbia transported people mountain believed local defended crops area hail destroyed crops thought area defeated local drunk crops spread fields crops worse consume field fertility drink milk sheep especially possess great strength storm uprooted trees people believed resulted saying strong man strong sight hail thunderstorm clouds leads people sit wait resorted magic region magic assisted herbs picked places field turns locations considered visited folk spells eastern serbia particular addressed female personal etc expression addressing uncertain meaning spells sighting hail clouds explicitly mentioned shouted direction clouds spell spoken woman magic performed suitable ritual supernatural entities held responsible bringing hail torrential rains entity explicitly named impossible conclude magical measures apply example custom approach thunderstorm perceived bring table house bread salt knife black axe edge directed table custom fireplace legs directed knives table characteristic attributed extreme region imagined monster huge mouth wooden hand grabbed came way according widely spread tradition seize children dwelling children bones blood attacked ate adults able find hidden human smell people eastern southern serbia believed attacked sun moon gradually ate bodies causing eclipse eclipse sun turned red covered blood result bites brightly meant defeated spots moon seen bites sun moon elderly people depressed fear succeeded sun world end prevent men shot guns eclipse bells women cast spells notion region succeeded moon sun die sorrow darkness world believed able men insane eastern serbia special term man people encountered road field dangerous diseases responsible dogs indirectly reaches clouds encounters goes mad ground kills dog finds eats bird goes mad traversing crossroads night considered dangerous place time supper unfortunate person stepped table blind deaf lame gather night greater holidays divert men ways torture riding like horses sneak humans gaining human form retaining properties tradition took tale recorded eastern serbia bulgaria farmer killed possessed man living distant village destroyed story gets deceased princess soldiers watch human going house frequently deep forest clouds lake spring cave gigantic tree hidden remote place mountain varied consequences approaches appeal mention differences humans rewarded punished according story driven away home comes house addresses word mother picks hair worms feeds livestock wolves wild animals talking things normal rewarded chest filled gold daughter comes house opposite mother sending chest snakes blind example prince asks daughter hand saves helps married girl visits mother eats mother talked strange things house dead bad seen legend explaining origin fly species black fly genus lethal livestock legend recorded district 19th century tells serbian man chase caught wounded broke away fled cave near town district died wounds body bred flies late spring fly cave big spreading far people walled cave opening time came flies wall shattered men serbia men believed possess properties called like men given explanations recognized order satisfy excessive hunger drove eat survived blowing breath usually lethal humans people exceptionally strong alternatively offspring woman born covered believed men killed gun arrow gold silver like men led hail producing thunderstorm clouds skies man fall trance spirit fly body clouds spirit significant difference led clouds fields village damage neighboring villages respect men equivalent leading clouds away man fight protect village children fought beams fights helped snake serbian reason people hurt snakes story man described unusually tall thin bony faced long beard weather nice worked behaved like people village soon dark clouds covered sky close house windows remain trance long bad weather thunder lasted historical persons believed men modern serbian signifies appetite adversaries adversaries including dragons dragon like men eagles principal enemy dragon able defeat eliminate harmful effects dragons seen guardians fields harvest bad weather threatens bringing hail clouds dragon comes fight drive away main weapon lightning thunder represents fight dragons hide tall trees instance abundant crop particular point explained region result dragon having struck lightning place making drop looted grains carrying huge ears finds dragon hollow tree destroy burning tree defeated men human mother dragon father look like ordinary people little wings beneath men born night month term like man lives like everybody weather nice leads threatening clouds sight falls trance spirit comes body flies clouds fight like dragon story held true 1950s says world war exhausted form giant snake fell clouds road explanation event defeated fight man people gave milk help recover version duel involves christian belief saint dragons fact cooperate soon spots summons dragons takes aboard jointly shoot lightning arrow shaped stones like stone age regarded lightning bolts beneficial magical power finding good version shoots lightning lead hail clouds case obviously shown examples beliefs degrees complete exist eagle appearance sky threatened greeted joy hope people trusted power defeat defeating eagle led clouds away fields explanation recorded eastern serbia eagles nest vicinity village want thunderstorms hail far possible coincidentally protect village fields role eagles controversial region belief eagle flying thunderstorm clouds manifestation leading clouds crops driving away connection comparing folk tales similarities russian aforementioned motif coming house forest recorded russians comes house feeds livestock similar motifs serbs russians children later eat children discover secret serbian example mother speaks russian speaks serbian tale yesterday woman went house child entering room saw poker fighting second room saw human legs fourth human flesh fifth blood sixth saw taken head wearing horse head place brought lunch said woman eat eat saw poker fighting room eat eat fight sweep eat saw human arms legs second rooms told eat eat food eat saw sixth room blood eat eat wine drink eat saw taken head having fixed horse head hearing ate woman child russian tale day girl goes house treat comes gate gate closed human leg goes yard barrel blood goes stairs dead children porch closed arm floor arms legs door closed finger comes meet door asks seen dear way house saw girl answers gate closed leg iron saw barrel yard blood wine saw children lying stairs pigs porch closed arm golden saw house head said got angry ate examples witness nature mythological creatures hero enter space discover secret world allowed relate secret humans traced older concept female demonic mistress underworld


norse mythology old norse halls location goddess attested poetic compiled 13th century earlier traditional sources prose written 13th century scholars proposed theories implications location including location connection religious practices involving springs swamps norse connected goddess location poetic poem described son death stanza absent manuscript poem portion stanza mentioning vengeance come death halls chapter prose book high tells described king disguise highest dwelling called splendid chapter high says witnessed gained oath things took harm went appearing woman disguise asked harmed objects revealed oath taken disguised asks hurt reveals young demand oath immediately disappears subsequently engineers death prose book receives final mention chapter ways refer provided including referred queen falcon form theories german scholar proposed point religious practices involving springs john comments idea live place despite old argument association cult situated spring comments theory remain unanswered addition connection belief folklore particular swamps act entrance realm connects 19th century work paul walter scott write element deep sea etymology resulted theories mean sea halls halls 19th century translation poetic henry adams comments scholars regarded solar myth calling sun goddess pointing home sea halls daily setting sun beneath ocean horizon john says similarity goddess open drinking potential basis led scholars understand states forms purpose composing verse role fertility goddess revealed names imply sic living water recall fertility goddess


battle barry battle barry legendary battle scots led defeated danish invasion force supposed site angus seen early ordnance survey maps history event relies heavily tradition currently considered battle named parish barry village thought taken place mouth burn vicinity area occupied high street battle historically authentic romantic appeal continues capture popular imagination account battle account battle recorded sixteenth century scots historian informs king denmark england unhappy news army defeat ordered naval task force set sail scotland force sail denmark rest thames command according legendary account army camped head days sailing north landing bay angus army headed inland razed town ground received word king brought scots army ordered danish army march south reaching coast near scots army set camp barry miles west sides met fought vicinity burn near town centre lies fighting said fierce burn ran red blood fallen seeing battle lost fled hills pursued robert keith purported ancestor scotland caught said cross erected memory king said fingers blood ran robert shield creating red gold striped design today keith coat arms evidence battle written record record battle found written work following fairly free translation john scots subsequent translation english record battle found george mentions battle work account thought based work john briefly mentions battle makes mention barry thinking continually bestowed god mind return length grace holy ghost working set heart increasing worship god established new episcopal far spot overcome gained victory endowed churches estates possible account battle distortion local tradition nearby site battle mac iii power wife niece iii norway argued alex tradition battle scots scandinavian involvement thought native area battle barry supposed occurred local folklore source longer regarded credible historical source versions story army camped prior battle location previously known norway near north battle took place day feast day example gordon quotes robert miles place belongs earl seen danish camp fortified ditch called norway near village church dedicated saint day preceded battle general pitched camp places battle february day february archaeological evidence story battle appears originated romantic numerous existed eastern boundary barry parish near burn town founded late 18th century claimed bodies found area danish soldiers slain battle king famous said caused field divided according laws caused dead bodies buried place field fought bodies found dead unto places christian buried churches bones places buried bare ground unto day sands doubt cast robert pointed relatively high status goods found graves early building work lack weapons talked apparent presence female skeletons subsequent finds pointed area domestic long cemetery including remains female aged apparently died tuberculosis contrast account christian found east west orientation danish involvement battle centres entirely apparently common example interprets battle scene stone account battle scots aftermath battle barry war view norm time reflected statistical accounts took mid-19th century pointed evidence stones scandinavian origin ample evidence stones scottish origin stone battle barry centuries widely accepted interpretation stone commemorates victory historical battle archaeological remains previously attributed danish camp known temporary roman marching camp written evidence exists outside body work followed story likely misunderstanding account translated war sic fury place longer exists village location example map cross thought mark place death thought late era monument dating 10th century noted scandinavian earlier variants place called documents celtic etymology burial near cross attributed body years wrote treatise turning ground discovered believed enclosed great stones huge skeleton dug supposed body appeared received death wound head seeing considerable skull cut away probably stroke sword little information burial exists goods found kept castle typical bronze age artefacts found fairly commonly area


incident incident ghosts versailles french les les versailles refers claims time travel charlotte anne eleanor published book entitled adventure names elizabeth book describes visit small grounds palace versailles claimed seen gardens late eighteenth century ghosts including marie story caused sensation subject ridicule background born tenth children came professional background father george winchester college later bishop salisbury principal hall residence young women hugh college oxford apparent needed help run college asked assistant born eldest children father reverend francis vicar sister art historian margaret mathematician philip went school manchester unlike girls time educated home author textbooks ran school incident vice principal hugh college appointed decided women know better owned apartment paris english children went stay claims according women decided visit palace versailles trips august travelled train versailles think palace touring decided walk gardens way reached grand found closed public travelled women soon lost missing turn main avenue des passed road entered lane unknown passed destination noticed woman shaking white cloth window noticed old deserted farmhouse outside old point claimed feeling oppression came saw men looked like palace told straight later described men officials dressed long green coats small hats noticed cottage woman girl doorway woman holding girl described living picture like madame observe cottage felt atmosphere change wrote suddenly looked unnatural unpleasant trees flat like wood worked effects light shade wind stirred trees reached edge wood close temple came man seated garden wearing large hat according appearance expression dark rough noted man slowly turned face marked smallpox dark expression evil feel looking particularly felt going past man later described tall large dark eyes crisp black hair large hat came showed way crossing bridge reached gardens palace noticed lady grass looked later described saw great detail lady wearing light summer dress head white hat lots fair hair thought tourist dress appeared old fashioned came believe lady marie lady directed round entrance joined party visitors touring house tea hotel des returning apartment aftermath leaving versailles mentioned incident week later wrote letter trip sister got afternoon versailles incident asked thought haunted told thought months later oxford compared notes decided write separate accounts happened research history found august palace paris besieged king swiss guards monarchy abolished weeks later visited gardens occasions unable trace path took landmarks bridge missing grounds people trying come explanation wondered private party event booked day found booked afternoon research thought recognised man friend marie thought seen convinced grounds haunted decided publish findings book adventure elizabeth book containing claim marie encountered caused sensation critics seriously grounds inconsistencies thought contain review book proceedings society research suggested women normal events experienced old map gardens found showed bridge women claimed crossed map identity authors adventure public women reported paranormal experiences adventure claimed seen roman emperor constantine man unusual height wearing gold crown observed anybody world war dominant personality pair succeeded principal hugh convinced german spy hiding college developing increasingly behaviour died suddenly middle academic scandal leadership college conduct having provoked mass academic staff died story adventure movie miss ghosts bbc broadcast minute radio explanations addition explanation women caught called time slip observed ghosts past non supernatural explanation events proposed biography aristocratic french poet robert time excursion versailles lived nearby reportedly gave parties grounds friends dressed period costume performed party inadvertently gay fancy dress party marie figure society lady cross man suggested gathering french avant garde time sinister impression middle class little company review history adventure extensive public reaction terry castle noted skepticism claim shared arisen lesbian women castle concludes proposed explanations considered core mystery remains relation psychological dynamics pair aspects paranormal associated story fully endorsing explanation michael carefully examined story particular published versions ladies accounts earlier written november previously published second small print run edition adventure concluded widely available texts published later editions considerably events described ladies begun investigations original accounts little suggest supernatural experience questioned reliability ladies subsequent pointing named literary historical references taken unreliable sources brian researched evidence concluded simply human mistaken notes second edition adventure revealed mention woman months visit versailles remember thing remember described discussion note sharing historical research came time period assigned identities characters saw including marie lady lawn dame joan evans owned copyright adventure accepted explanation forbade editions work came copyright republished ghosts complete adventure publication times authors


legendary aquatic creature head upper body female human tail fish appear folklore cultures worldwide including near east europe africa asia stories appeared ancient goddess transformed shame accidentally killing human lover associated events floods storms folk traditions tradition falling love humans male equivalent familiar figure folklore traditions sightings common generally assumed exist female counterparts attributes influenced greek mythology historical accounts reported christopher columbus exploration caribbean inspired similar aquatic mammals evidence exist outside folklore reports sightings continue present day including 21st century examples israel popular subject art literature recent centuries christian known fairy tale little subsequently depicted operas paintings books films comics etymology related terms word compound old english mere sea maid girl young woman equivalent term old english conventionally depicted beautiful long flowing hair cited greek mythology especially odyssey half bird voices lure soon sailors nearby rocks order fully aquatic mammals inhabit rivers coastal marine waters swamps marine wetlands including possess major aquatic adaptations arms steering propulsion remnants hind limbs legs form small bones floating deep muscle look clumsy actually highly muscular mid nineteenth century referred called syndrome rare disorder child born legs fused small condition rare twins affecting live usually fatal day birth kidney complications survivors known july folklore noted marine featured folk tradition centuries relatively recently maintained reasonably standard set characteristics origin posing theory tales constructed early sightings sailors near east ancient greece known stories appeared goddess mother queen loved mortal shepherd unintentionally killed ashamed jumped lake took form fish waters conceal divine beauty took form human waist fish earliest representations showed fish human head arm similar god greeks recognized philosopher mankind sprung aquatic animal species thought humans begin life prolonged infancy survived popular greek legend turned alexander great sister death living ask sailors ship encounter question king alexander alive greek correct answer lives reigns world greek answer accordingly calm waters bid ship farewell answer stir terrible storm ship sailor board syria 2nd century syria syrian goddess wrote syrian temples visited traditional story concerning temple men swear deeds asia founded site mother saw likeness strange marvel woman half length half feet stretched fish tail image holy city entirely woman grounds account clear consider fish sacred eat eat eat dove believe holy things believe shape fish ultimately turned dove grant temple work belongs believe way people eat fish honor thousand nights thousand nights collection includes tales featuring sea people sea girl unlike depictions identical land bound humans differing ability breathe live underwater land humans children unions ability live underwater tale fisherman protagonist fisherman gains ability breathe underwater discovers underwater society portrayed inverted reflection society land underwater society follows form primitive communism concepts like money clothing exist adventures protagonist quest leads explore seas encounters societies anthropomorphic shape dried long described appearance deliberately modified look human europe dried called devil fish confused devil fish devil rays species ray native north_atlantic displayed angels demons britain known reference antwerp sailors dried known mexico believed magical powers healing rituals british isles norman chapel durham castle built saxon probably earliest surviving artistic depiction england seen south facing capital original norman stone pillars appear british folklore disaster provoking variants ballad sir patrick depict speaking doomed ships versions tells land claims near shore wise know means thing sign approaching rough weather described monstrous size feet described able swim rivers freshwater lakes story went aid woman thought drowning lake near house servant pulled warning killed servant occasionally teaching humans certain diseases described little interest humans according legend came village listen singing matthew fell love matthew went home cove summer nights lovers heard singing church saint famous chair decorated carving probably years old tales raised question immortal souls answering negative figure ban appears human transformed centuries christianity come ireland baptized irish called tales lady published 19th century scottish mythology fresh water little term preserved folklore isle man known ben considered favorable humans regions accounts assistance gifts rewards story tells fisherman carried stranded sea rewarded location treasure recounts tale baby stole doll human little girl mother sent girl gift pearl necklace theft story tells fishing family regular gifts rewarded prosperity western_europe freshwater like creature european folklore depicted fish tails lower body best known example literature probably christian fairy tale little published original story young falls love human prince saves drowning ship wrecked storm grandmother tells humans live shorter lives immortal soul chooses risk life order prince trades tongue beautiful voice sea witch exchange draught human allow live land rely beauty charm win prince love entirely mute sea witch warns graceful step feel stepping knives earn prince love die broken heart spell worked found prince sees resemblance rescued drowning realize person prince cares deeply daughter neighboring king prevent marriage sisters trade beautiful hair sea witch knife use break spell return sea kill prince dawn day wedding loves prince harm knife sea jumps begins dissolve foam transformed daughters air ethereal beings earn immortal soul good deeds world men world famous statue little based fairy tale copenhagen denmark august copies locations world half north_america disney studios released length animated film based fairy tale featuring academy_award winning soundtrack songs howard film garnered glowing reviews credited studio concept animated feature films notable changes plot story include elimination grandmother character religious aspects fairy tale including quest obtain immortal soul sea witch replaces princess prince engaged voice prevent obtaining prince love wedding day plot revealed sea witch knife motif film ends prince marrying things film praised portraying independent rebellious young woman passive actor content let determine destiny eastern_europe slavic counterpart greek nature varies folk traditions according share common element restless spirits dead usually ghosts young women died violent death murder suicide wedding especially drowning said inhabit lakes rivers appear beautiful young women long pale green hair pale skin suggesting connection floating days spent underwater faint sunlight seen dark dancing moon calling young men water drowning characterization desirable prevalent southern russia ukraine emphasized 19th century russian authors best known great czech nationalist composer operas russian russian medieval epic title character merchant musician lives time underwater court sea marries daughter finally returning home tale inspired works poem opera composed painting china included classic mountains seas compilation chinese geography mythology dating 4th century 15th century compilation quotations chinese literature tells tears early 19th century book entitled south china contains stories man captures shore island looks human respect body covered fine hair colors talk takes home marries death returns sea found second story man sees woman lying beach ship anchored offshore closer inspection feet hands appear carried water expresses gratitude sailors swimming away lit golden daughter appears thai versions princess tries plans build bridge falls love instead popular figure thai folklore africa water lit mother water water spirits west central southern africa african caribbean parts north south_america usually female male regarded beings men deaths persian word means stay neo nations caribbean identify called attributes goddess flower tree modern caribbean culture recognized called lit representing wealth beauty examples cultures brazil greek creature japanese folklore consuming flesh amazing longevity characters philippine folklore locally known respectively people believe southern beach java home queen myth reef known tale mythology parallels stories sea people parts world reported sightings sailing coast hispaniola columbus reported seeing female forms rose high sea beautiful represented english pirate records instructed crew steer away charted waters called enchanted fear members crew reported seeing sightings recounted shared sailors pirates believed brought bad luck giving gold dragging sea sightings reported canada near vancouver victoria pennsylvania fisherman reported sightings river near june august dozens people reported seeing bay waters aerial tricks israeli coastal town offered million award proof existence february work near stopped workers refused continue stating away sites reported samuel water resources minister animal planet broadcasts body found television aired animal planet centered experiences national oceanic atmospheric administration scientists showing cgi recreation amateur sound video beached discussing scientific theories involving existence july response public inquiries possibility viewers mistaken programme documentary national ocean service branch unusual declaration evidence aquatic found year later animal planet aired fiction titled new evidence featuring previously unreleased video evidence including iceland scientist witnessed diving coast greenland underwater videos provide different shots appears creature approaching touching vehicle released statement saying person identified scientist actor actor separately identified david evans ontario canada middle 17th century john elder created called displayed things hand 19th century hoax called fiji mentioned similar usually parts deceased creatures usually fish appearance wake pictures fiji circulated internet supposed examples items washed amid devastation real exhibit symbolism according book human animal hybrids convey understanding human beings different animals human nature internally inconsistent differences earth animals mysterious profound differences lie sense earth possible key way feeling home art literature famous recent centuries fairy tale little christian works translated languages conceived similar water german folklore obtain immortal soul marrying human heroine inspired bronze sculpture copenhagen harbour influenced western literary works oscar fisherman soul wells sea lady sue monk wrote book called chair loosely based legends saint sculptures statues found countries cultures public art statues world countries public art sculptures include russia finland lithuania poland romania denmark norway england scotland ireland germany netherlands belgium france spain italy austria switzerland greece turkey india china thailand south_korea japan guam australia new_zealand brazil ecuador colombia mexico islands mexico saudi_arabia united_states including hawaii virgin islands canada statues icons city country major tourist attractions little statue copenhagen icon city denmark statue rebirth city capital finland coat arms warsaw considered protector warsaw capital poland publicly displays statues musical depictions include fair rhine daughters richard wagner der ring des rhine poem synonym orchestral piece composer fan long influential image created john william entitled example late british academy style artwork piece debuted considerable acclaim secured place member royal academy disappeared private collection 1970s currently royal academy collection favorite subject john contemporary painted image depictions film depictions include romantic comedy splash episode television series route entitled sea featured performance artist working aquatic park appeared popular supernatural drama television series basis spin series creature carnival workers ireland attempt transport america film pirates caribbean stranger tides mixes old new myths singing sailors lure death growing legs taken dry land kisses magical healing properties animated films include disney musical version tale little australian teen add water chronicles adventures modern day gold coast australia charge commonly represented mirror addition symbol shield sword wielding official coat arms warsaw images warsaw arms middle 14th century legends associate greek mythology city origin association city norfolk virginia uses symbol personal coat arms jean governor general canada features supporters interest grown alongside popularity fantasy availability inexpensive construction costumes costumes typically designed swimming activity known conventions held human divers japanese skin divers predominantly women traditionally dive wearing action years starting twentieth century increasingly regarded tourist attraction operate reefs near shore perform instead diving collect harvest professional female divers performed florida springs state park calls city live extremely popular 1960s drawing million tourists year current performers work time attending college certified divers wear fabric tails perform aquatic ballet holding breath audience underwater stage glass walls children ask real park director says like santa mythical character yes going tell real gallery


hindu mythology sanskrit lit killed infant god krishna considered foster mother krishna breast fed motive killing krishna poisoned milk offering milk performed supreme act maternal devotion shadow evil motives myth told hindu scriptures indian books portray variously evil surrendered krishna initially came evil motives interpreted disease bird danger infant desire respectively symbolic bad mother included group hindu mother called group ancient indian medical texts worship protect children diseases group multiple mentioned ancient indian texts etymology word broken virtue means devoid virtue explanation derives meaning derived hell hindu mythology associated parents children proposes basis etymology association closely linked white translates relates eruption chicken weapon form goddess small legend legend krishna narrated hindu texts called killer sent krishna evil uncle kill krishna assumed disguise young beautiful woman came krishna home town beauty resulted mistaken manifestation goddess stunned beauty krishna foster mother allowed infant krishna lap breast kill krishna krishna breasts life milk pain pleading release vain ran town krishna finally fell dead assumed real demonic form turning trees distance unit distance equivalent totally miles dust people cut body burying bones feet burning flesh skin smoke rose flames sin breast feeding krishna attained heaven acquired like considered foster mother krishna breast fed later versions myth breast replaced poison milk said poisoned version tale portrays stealing krishna night asleep totally different myth series came evil intentions portrayed happy krishna maternal instinct rises telling lovely boy breast wicked miserable woman seen joy joy thrills body mind mad delight poisoned breasts took krishna lap process krishna saying beloved child liberated mortal body krishna previous birth work life krishna tell previous birth daughter demon king saw previous incarnation krishna dwarf felt desire son soon changed mind decided kill acquired possessions krishna knew desires allowed attempt life symbolism theory interprets foe faced krishna numerous demons sent kill krishna obstacle maternal instinct faced legend assures liberation treat god son theory interprets disease krishna survived cured child affected theory relates krishna later life fights demon called fever explicitly stated work dark lack illumination knowledge ear rings described signifying unstable nature god darkness chaos water life giving water mixed breast milk poison stands death darkness says myth significant merely image presents intensity image depicted frequency myth told india adds secret fantasy poisoned milk kills originates early life decisive separation child mother takes place elevation fantasy status myth culture indicates intensity inner conflict indian setting according represent dangerous mother trapped child emotional net let interprets krishna breast infant excitement anger form intercourse killing maternal demons killing bad mother son kills sexually maternal images leaving protective images emerges adult drawing boundaries descriptions defined beginning end word rarely masculine form frequently hindu scriptures mean evil spirit killed bodies broken flesh eaten treated tells hymn protection evil spirits including dead instance said tribe access krishna finally chapter called killing enforce view mortal body killed krishna lives world spirit mentioned mothers war god mentioned female appendix listed prayer protect child end mentioned group medical text mentions common sisters demon king permitted eat flesh buddhist text encyclopedia western king iii lists multiple demons including group mention sub group individual names include medicine medical text describes black colour mouth projecting teeth hair clad dwelling broken buildings offering crow fish rice dish ground alcohol hymns urging protect baby treatments rituals related childhood branch specifically mentions aims heal diseases arise milk childhood diseases falling day month year child life attributed regardless disease symptoms depiction bird portrayed bird sculpture myth images bird found century version called nurse comes child female bird female mentioned bird form desire objectives texts described female crane symbol