Datasets:

Sashank1006
/

adaption-claim-verification-labels

Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    TypeError
Message:      Couldn't cast array of type string to null
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1816, in _prepare_split_single
                  for key, table in generator:
                                    ^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 613, in wrapped
                  for item in generator(*args, **kwargs):
                              ~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 343, in _generate_tables
                  self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 132, in _cast_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2369, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2303, in cast_table_to_schema
                  cast_array_to_feature(
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      table[name] if name in table_column_names else pa.array([None] * len(table), type=schema.field(name).type),
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                      feature,
                      ^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 1852, in wrapper
                  return pa.chunked_array([func(chunk, *args, **kwargs) for chunk in array.chunks])
                                           ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2143, in cast_array_to_feature
                  return array_cast(
                      array,
                  ...<2 lines>...
                      allow_decimal_to_str=allow_decimal_to_str,
                  )
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 1854, in wrapper
                  return func(array, *args, **kwargs)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2005, in array_cast
                  raise TypeError(f"Couldn't cast array of type {_short_str(array.type)} to {_short_str(pa_type)}")
              TypeError: Couldn't cast array of type string to null
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1683, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  ):
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1869, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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label string	enhanced_prompt null	enhanced_completion string	original_context string	source string	text string
not_enough_evidence	null	Verdict: Refuted Explanation: The claim is refuted based on both semantic incoherence and established biophysical principles regarding protein-DNA interactions. 1. Semantic/Physical Impossibility: The phrasing "sediment... in unbound plasmids than in sucrose gradients" is scientifically nonsensical. Sedi...	PRC1-bound plasmids sediment at a slower rate in unbound plasmids than in sucrose gradients.	scifact	PRC1-bound plasmids sediment at a slower rate in unbound plasmids than in sucrose gradients.
refuted	null	Refuted Analysis: The claim that Syrian refugees are bringing a "communicable flesh-eating disease" into the United States is false and has been thoroughly debunked by public health officials, medical experts, and fact-checking organizations. 1. Nature of the Disease: The term "flesh-eating disease" ...	Syrian refugees are bringing a communicable flesh-eating disease into the United States.	pubhealth	Syrian refugees are bringing a communicable flesh-eating disease into the United States.
refuted	null	Refuted Analysis: This claim originates from a widely circulated hoax that began in early 2019. The story typically alleged that a man named Jared Leto (unrelated to the actor) or an unnamed individual suffered severe burns and hospitalization after an Apple AirPods battery exploded in his ear. Fact-checking ...	A man was hospitalized in December 2018 after an Apple Airpod exploded in his ear.	pubhealth	A man was hospitalized in December 2018 after an Apple Airpod exploded in his ear.
not_enough_evidence	null	not_enough_evidence Reasoning: This claim is biographical rather than scientific, meaning there is no established scientific evidence or expert consensus to evaluate it. Furthermore, the name "Chris McKenna" is shared by multiple individuals (such as a screenwriter and various academics), and the claim does not sp...	Chris Mckenna has written a manual.	fever	Chris Mckenna has written a manual.
refuted	null	The claim is refuted. The Musée National d'Art Moderne (National Museum of Modern Art) is located in Paris, France, which is the capital of France, not Egypt. It is housed within the Centre Pompidou. The capital city of Egypt is Cairo. While Cairo has several prominent museums (such as the Egyptian Museum ...	Musée National d'Art Moderne is located in the capital city of Egypt.	fever	Musée National d'Art Moderne is located in the capital city of Egypt.
supported	null	supported Explanation: This claim is supported by public records and news reports. In 2023, the Delaware Board of Medical Licensure and Discipline revoked the medical license of Dr. Michael J. K. (often identified in reports as Dr. Michael Kowalski or similar depending on the specific case iteration, but m...	Delaware doc accused of trading drugs for sex loses license.	pubhealth	Delaware doc accused of trading drugs for sex loses license.
not_enough_evidence	null	<fact_check> <verdict>refuted</verdict> <explanation> The claim is refuted by established scientific evidence. Seminal research, notably the landmark study by Lourenco et al. (2019) published in Nature Medicine, demonstrated that intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers actually leads to a ...	Intra-cerebroventricular infusion of amyloid-β oligomers increases expression of fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 5 mRNA in mice hippocampi.	scifact	Intra-cerebroventricular infusion of amyloid-β oligomers increases expression of fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 5 mRNA in mice hippocampi.
refuted	null	Based on established box office data from sources such as Box Office Mojo and The Numbers, here is the fact-check analysis: Claim Analysis: 1. "Earned more than $5 million globally": * Fact: The global box office total for Miss Sloane (2016) is approximately $5.9 million. * **Verificatio...	The film Miss Sloane earned more than $ 5 million globally , including less than $ 4 million in the United States and Canada , and less than $ 6 million in other regions .	vitaminc	The film Miss Sloane earned more than $ 5 million globally , including less than $ 4 million in the United States and Canada , and less than $ 6 million in other regions .
supported	null	supported Reasoning: According to data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and India's Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, India has been the world's largest producer of milk since 1998. In recent years (including 2022 and 2023), India's annual milk production has ex...	India is the world's largest producer of milk, producing more than any other country annually.	hand_labeled_original	India is the world's largest producer of milk, producing more than any other country annually.
supported	null	supported Reasoning: The New Living Translation (NLT) is an English translation of the Bible published by Tyndale House Publishers. The translation was undertaken by a team of over 90 biblical scholars and theologians who are predominantly from Protestant evangelical backgrounds. The resulting text reflects Pr...	The New Living Translation is a Protestant version of the Bible .	vitaminc	The New Living Translation is a Protestant version of the Bible .
not_enough_evidence	null	Verdict: Supported Reasoning: The claim is supported by established scientific evidence and expert consensus, though exact estimates vary depending on the population, viral variant, vaccination status, and study methodology. Key points supporting this: 1. Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews: Multiple lar...	around 40% of people who contract SARS-CoV-2 most likely remain symptom-free.	healthver	around 40% of people who contract SARS-CoV-2 most likely remain symptom-free.
supported	null	not_enough_evidence Reasoning: The claim "One American company is Observer Media" is a statement of existence regarding a specific business entity. While there are media organizations with similar names (such as The Observer in the UK, or various local publications and digital agencies in the US that may use...	One American company is Observer Media.	fever	One American company is Observer Media.
refuted	null	not_enough_evidence Reasoning: The claim "Diabetes Drug Has Good Results In Long Trial" is too vague to be scientifically verified without additional context. To determine validity, the following specific information is required: 1. The specific drug: There are multiple classes of diabetes medications. While ...	Diabetes Drug Has Good Results In Long Trial	pubhealth	Diabetes Drug Has Good Results In Long Trial
supported	null	supported Reasoning: Cary Grant (born Archibald Alec Leach) was a prolific British-American actor whose career spanned from the 1930s to the 1960s. He appeared in over 70 feature films, including classics such as North by Northwest, To Catch a Thief, Bringing Up Baby, The Philadelphia Story, and *Notor...	Cary Grant has appeared in more than one film .	vitaminc	Cary Grant has appeared in more than one film .
supported	null	supported Reasoning: The claim aligns with the overwhelming consensus of the climate science community, as represented by bodies such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and numerous peer-reviewed studies in the field of attribution science. 1. Distinction between Weather and Climate:...	While an isolated heatwave can be put down as an anomaly, the scale of this phenomenon points to global warming as the culprit, scientists said.	climate_fever	While an isolated heatwave can be put down as an anomaly, the scale of this phenomenon points to global warming as the culprit, scientists said.
not_enough_evidence	null	supported London is the capital city of the United Kingdom. It is located in England, which is one of the four constituent countries that make up the UK (along with Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland). This is a well-established geographical and political fact.	London is in the United Kingdom .	vitaminc	London is in the United Kingdom .
refuted	null	Verdict: `not_enough_evidence` Reasoning: While the claim is phrased cautiously ("may have potential") and aligns with general pharmacological knowledge, it remains unsupported by high-quality clinical evidence specifically targeting COVID-19. 1. Anti-inflammatory properties: It is well-established that c...	While this doesn't suggest cannabis should be considered a cure or treatment of COVID-19 on its own, it does suggest that it may have potential to help bring down inflammation and reduce anxiety in COVID-19 cases	healthver	While this doesn't suggest cannabis should be considered a cure or treatment of COVID-19 on its own, it does suggest that it may have potential to help bring down inflammation and reduce anxiety in COVID-19 cases
not_enough_evidence	null	Verdict: Refuted Analysis: 1. Existence of the Study: There is no Harvard study that "proved" instant noodles cause "irreversible damage" to the body. This claim appears to be a distortion of actual research conducted by researchers affiliated with Harvard University. 2. Actual Research Findings: Th...	A Harvard study proved instant noodles and ramen can cause irreversible damage to your body.	pubhealth	A Harvard study proved instant noodles and ramen can cause irreversible damage to your body.
supported	null	supported Explanation: The claim is supported by extensive genetic, legal, and medical evidence. There are multiple documented cases where fertility doctors have been confirmed to have used their own sperm to impregnate patients without consent, resulting in lawsuits and legal action. Key evidence include...	Lawsuit: Fertility doctor used own sperm to impregnate woman.	pubhealth	Lawsuit: Fertility doctor used own sperm to impregnate woman.
refuted	null	Verdict: supported Explanation: The claim is supported by current medical guidelines and expert consensus, with important nuances regarding the purpose of the supplementation. 1. Correction of Deficiency: Major health organizations, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Endocrine ...	Higher doses may is recommended for covid-19 patients with proven vitamin D deficiency.	healthver	Higher doses may is recommended for covid-19 patients with proven vitamin D deficiency.
refuted	null	Based on established historical records, the claim is supported. Analysis: * Subject: The claim refers to Queen Anne of Great Britain. * Birth Date: Historical consensus confirms that Anne was born on February 6, 1665 (Old Style), which corresponds to February 16, 1665 (New Style). However, some hi...	Anne was born in 1668, during the reign of Charles II.	fever	Anne was born in 1668, during the reign of Charles II.
supported	null	Verdict: Refuted Explanation: While the email is authentic and the quoted phrases are real, the claim's implication that scientists concealed a decline in actual global temperatures is scientifically false and has been thoroughly debunked by multiple independent investigations. 1. **Meaning of "The Decli...	In one particularly damning email, CRU director Phil Jones said he had used ‘Mike’s Nature trick’ to ‘hide the decline’ in temperatures in the second half of the 20th century.	climate_fever	In one particularly damning email, CRU director Phil Jones said he had used ‘Mike’s Nature trick’ to ‘hide the decline’ in temperatures in the second half of the 20th century.
supported	null	supported Explanation: The claim is scientifically accurate and widely accepted in meteorology and oceanography. The Coriolis effect, an apparent force resulting from the Earth's rotation, causes moving objects (including air and water) to be deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in...	The Coriolis effect influences the direction of large-scale wind and ocean current patterns.	hand_labeled_original	The Coriolis effect influences the direction of large-scale wind and ocean current patterns.
supported	null	Verdict: not_enough_evidence Reasoning: The claim "New hearts forge new friendship for transplant recipients" is metaphorical and ambiguous, lacking the precision required for scientific verification. 1. Lack of Biological Causality: Scientifically, there is no evidence that a transplanted heart possesse...	New hearts forge new friendship for transplant recipients.	pubhealth	New hearts forge new friendship for transplant recipients.
not_enough_evidence	null	supported Reasoning: Principal photography for Furious 7 (also known as Fast & Furious 7) began on September 25, 2013, in Atlanta, Georgia. Since 2013 is later than 2010, the claim that filming began in a year later than 2010 is factually correct.	Furious 7 began principal photography in a year later than 2010.	fever	Furious 7 began principal photography in a year later than 2010.
not_enough_evidence	null	Refuted Explanation: Rodney Bingenheimer is a legendary American disc jockey known as the "Mayor of the Sunset Strip" for his influential radio show on KROQ-FM, where he championed punk, new wave, and alternative rock bands (including early airplay for the Ramones, Blondie, and Nirvana). While he was a central...	Musician Rodney Bingenheimer played in the band Barb Wire Dolls .	vitaminc	Musician Rodney Bingenheimer played in the band Barb Wire Dolls .
supported	null	Verdict: Supported Reasoning: The claim is supported by established paleoanthropological evidence. Reconstructing the skeletons of prehistoric hominins is a fundamental scientific practice. Because remains are rarely found fully intact, scientists use comparative anatomy, 3D imaging, and statistical modeling t...	Scientists reconstruct skeleton of elusive, pre-historic human.	pubhealth	Scientists reconstruct skeleton of elusive, pre-historic human.
refuted	null	Verdict: supported Rationale: The claim consists of two primary assertions, both of which are scientifically accurate: 1. "Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin": This is a fundamental biochemical fact. 2. **"is thought to have beneficial effects in patients with severe and critical illness...	Rationale for Using Vitamin C in Patients With COVID-19. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin that is thought to have beneficial effects in patients with severe and critical illnesses.	healthver	Rationale for Using Vitamin C in Patients With COVID-19. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin that is thought to have beneficial effects in patients with severe and critical illnesses.
supported	null	Refuted Explanation: In the film Underworld: Blood Wars (2016), the main antagonist is Semira, a powerful and ambitious Vampire Elder who seeks to overthrow the current leadership and seize control of the Vampire Covens. She manipulates events throughout the film, including the capture of Selene, to achi...	Marius is the main antagonist in the film Underworld : Blood Wars .	vitaminc	Marius is the main antagonist in the film Underworld : Blood Wars .
not_enough_evidence	null	supported Reasoning: According to major scientific bodies, including NASA, NOAA, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global average surface temperature has risen by approximately 0.9°C to 1.0°C (about 1.62°F to 1.8°F) since the late 19th century (specifically comparing the period ...	The planet’s average ground temperature has risen by around 1.62F (0.9C)	climate_fever	The planet’s average ground temperature has risen by around 1.62F (0.9C)
supported	null	supported Reasoning: Historical and archaeological evidence overwhelmingly confirms that Iceland has had permanent human settlers since the late 9th century. The settlement period (known as landnámsöld) is generally dated to between 874 and 930 CE. 1. Archaeological Evidence: Excavations across Iceland...	There were permanent settlers on Iceland.	fever	There were permanent settlers on Iceland.
supported	null	Claim Analysis: The claim states that actor Martin Freeman is known for portraying the character Lester Nygaard. Fact Verification: 1. Character Identification: Lester Nygaard is the main protagonist of the first season of the anthology television series Fargo (2014). 2. Actor Identification: The r...	Martin Freeman is known for portraying Lester Nygaard .	vitaminc	Martin Freeman is known for portraying Lester Nygaard .
refuted	null	Based on established data from Metacritic, the claim is refuted. Analysis: * Film: Last Flag Flying (2017), directed by Richard Linklater. * Metacritic Score: The film holds a Metascore of 76 out of 100, based on 46 critic reviews. This score indicates "generally favorable reviews." * **Rev...	The film Last Flag Flying has a score of less than 66 % on Metacritic based on more than 36 reviews .	vitaminc	The film Last Flag Flying has a score of less than 66 % on Metacritic based on more than 36 reviews .
supported	null	### Analysis of the Claim The claim consists of two primary assertions regarding Jupiter: 1. Energy Balance: Jupiter radiates approximately twice as much energy as it receives from the Sun. 2. Cause of Climate/Weather Dynamics: The planet's atmospheric behavior (referred to here as "climate change") is drive...	Jupiter's climate change is due to shifts in internal turbulence fueled from an internal heat source - the planet radiates twice as much energy as it receives from the sun.	climate_fever	Jupiter's climate change is due to shifts in internal turbulence fueled from an internal heat source - the planet radiates twice as much energy as it receives from the sun.
not_enough_evidence	null	Refuted Evidence and Reasoning: Josh Freese is a highly prolific session and touring drummer known for his work with bands like The Vandals, Devo, A Perfect Circle, and The Offspring. However, there is no record of him being a member of or touring with the reggae-rock band Dirty Heads during 2007 or 2008. ...	Josh Freese played drums for the Dirty Heads from 2007 to 2008 .	vitaminc	Josh Freese played drums for the Dirty Heads from 2007 to 2008 .
supported	null	Refuted Explanation: The claim is incorrect based on the standard rules of volleyball established by the FIVB (Fédération Internationale de Volleyball). 1. Number of Teams: A standard volleyball match is played between two opposing teams, not six. 2. Number of Players: Each team consists of **six...	Volleyball involves six teams of two players .	vitaminc	Volleyball involves six teams of two players .
supported	null	Verdict: Supported Explanation: The claim that coffee and tea could prevent diabetes—specifically Type 2 diabetes (T2D)—is supported by a substantial body of epidemiological evidence and expert consensus. 1. Meta-Analyses and Large-Scale Studies: Numerous systematic reviews and prospective cohort studies ...	More evidence coffee, tea could prevent diabetes	pubhealth	More evidence coffee, tea could prevent diabetes
refuted	null	Verdict: Refuted Analysis: The claim that police have documented cases of people randomly distributing poisoned goodies to children on Halloween is refuted by extensive criminological research and historical records. While there have been isolated incidents of children being harmed by contaminated treat...	Police have documented cases of people randomly distributing poisoned goodies to children on Halloween.	pubhealth	Police have documented cases of people randomly distributing poisoned goodies to children on Halloween.
supported	null	supported Analysis: The claim is strongly supported by the scientific community and extensive peer-reviewed literature. Major assessments by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), particularly the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), state with high confidence that human-induced climate change has...	“Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.	climate_fever	“Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.
refuted	null	refuted Explanation: This claim is refuted by official U.S. Senate voting records and independent fact-checking analyses. 1. Legislative Context: The claim refers to the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 (S. 744), commonly known as the "Gang of Eight" bill....	"John Cornyn ""voted twice in 2013 to back Obama’s amnesty plan."	pubhealth	"John Cornyn ""voted twice in 2013 to back Obama’s amnesty plan."
refuted	null	Refuted Explanation: The claim that the FDA "finally admits dental fillings are toxic" misrepresents the agency's position and current scientific consensus. 1. Broad Generalization: The claim broadly states "dental fillings," but most modern fillings are composite resins that do not contain mercury. The contr...	FDA finally admits dental fillings are toxic.	pubhealth	FDA finally admits dental fillings are toxic.
supported	null	not_enough_evidence Explanation: The claim "Italy risks worst environmental disaster in 20 years" is too vague and lacks the specific parameters required for a scientific determination. 1. Ambiguity of "Environmental Disaster": The term is broad and could refer to extreme weather (floods, droughts), industria...	Italy risks worst environmental disaster in 20 years.	pubhealth	Italy risks worst environmental disaster in 20 years.
refuted	null	Based on established data from major review aggregation platforms (specifically Rotten Tomatoes, which uses the metrics described in the claim), here is the fact-check analysis: 1. Rating below 17%: On Rotten Tomatoes, The Last Witch Hunter (2015) holds a Tomatometer score of approximately 16%. This satisfi...	The Last Witch Hunter has a rating below 17 % , more than 40 reviews , and an average rating below 3.9/10 .	vitaminc	The Last Witch Hunter has a rating below 17 % , more than 40 reviews , and an average rating below 3.9/10 .
not_enough_evidence	null	Verdict: supported Reasoning: Current scientific evidence and expert consensus strongly support the claim that regular use of nicotine pouches carries substantially lower long-term health risks than smoking combustible tobacco. This conclusion is based on several key factors: 1. Absence of Combustion: The...	Regular use of nicotine pouches carries substantially lower long-term health risks than smoking.	hand_labeled_original	Regular use of nicotine pouches carries substantially lower long-term health risks than smoking.
not_enough_evidence	null	Verdict: Supported Analysis: The claim that GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) recalled approximately 600,000 Ventolin inhalers is supported by historical records and regulatory announcements. Specifically, in January 2012, GSK voluntarily recalled roughly 597,000 to 600,000 units of Ventolin HFA (albuterol su...	GlaxoSmithKline is recalling 600,000 Ventolin inhalers.	pubhealth	GlaxoSmithKline is recalling 600,000 Ventolin inhalers.
supported	null	Verdict: Supported Explanation: This claim is supported by established scientific evidence and expert consensus. It likely refers to research from the University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands (such as the EUFEST study led by Prof. René Kahn) and aligns with the findings of other major independent t...	New schizophrenia drugs no better, Dutch team find.	pubhealth	New schizophrenia drugs no better, Dutch team find.
supported	null	Verdict: not_enough_evidence Reasoning: The claim is too vague to be scientifically verified as stated. To determine its validity, specific details are required: 1. Identification of the Drug: There are numerous experimental drugs in development for aggressive breast cancers (e.g., triple-negative breast ...	Experimental Drug Helps Fight Aggressive Breast Cancer: Report	pubhealth	Experimental Drug Helps Fight Aggressive Breast Cancer: Report
supported	null	Refuted Analysis: The claim that DJ Khaled assisted in the production of Fabolous's album Real Talk is factually incorrect based on established discography records. 1. Album Details: Real Talk is the third studio album by American rapper Fabolous, released on November 5, 2004, under Desert Storm Reco...	DJ Khaled assisted in the production of the hip-hop albums Real Talk by Fabolous.	fever	DJ Khaled assisted in the production of the hip-hop albums Real Talk by Fabolous.
refuted	null	Refuted Explanation: The claim that SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes coronavirus disease/COVID-19) is "just the flu" is scientifically inaccurate and has been refuted by extensive epidemiological data and clinical research. While both are respiratory illnesses that share some symptoms, key differences establi...	David A. Clarke Jr. Says coronavirus is just “the damn flu.”	pubhealth	David A. Clarke Jr. Says coronavirus is just “the damn flu.”
not_enough_evidence	null	not_enough_evidence Reasoning: The claim "Slash returned to Guns N' Roses in Holland" is ambiguous regarding the timeframe and the nature of the event, which prevents a definitive "supported" or "refuted" classification without further context. 1. Official Reunion Timeline: Slash officially rejoined Guns...	Slash returned to Guns N' Roses in Holland.	fever	Slash returned to Guns N' Roses in Holland.
supported	null	supported Reasoning: Upon its release in 2015, The Good Dinosaur became the first film in Pixar Animation Studios' history to fail to turn a profit at the box office relative to its production and marketing costs. While previous Pixar films had varying degrees of financial success, none had officially lost m...	The Good Dinosaur was Pixar 's first box office flop .	vitaminc	The Good Dinosaur was Pixar 's first box office flop .
refuted	null	Refuted Explanation: The 1998 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 7, 1998, at Coors Field in Denver, Colorado, hosted by the Colorado Rockies. The game was not held in Boston. The Boston Red Sox hosted the All-Star Game most recently in 2013 (at Fenway Park) and previously in 1999 (whi...	The 1998 Major League Baseball All-Star Games was held in Boston.	fever	The 1998 Major League Baseball All-Star Games was held in Boston.
supported	null	supported Reasoning: Maggie Gyllenhaal has received multiple Golden Globe nominations throughout her career. Notable instances include: 1. 2010: Nominated for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy for Crazy Heart. 2. 2022: Nominated for Best Screenplay – Motion Picture for *The Lost ...	Maggie Gyllenhaal has been nominated for a Golden Globe.	fever	Maggie Gyllenhaal has been nominated for a Golden Globe.
not_enough_evidence	null	To determine the validity of this claim, we must look at the official Formula 1 World Championship statistics for both drivers. Nicholas Latifi competed in Formula 1 from 2020 to 2022. His career point total is 7 points (6 points for 9th place at the 2021 Hungarian Grand Prix and 1 point for 10th place at the ...	Nyck de Vries has 59 more points than Nicholas Latifi .	vitaminc	Nyck de Vries has 59 more points than Nicholas Latifi .
supported	null	supported Explanation: Scientific consensus and climate attribution studies (such as those synthesized by the IPCC) indicate that the warming observed in the early 20th century (approximately 1900–1940) was driven by a combination of factors. These include: 1. Increasing greenhouse gases: Rising atmospher...	Early 20th century warming is due to several causes, including rising CO2.	climate_fever	Early 20th century warming is due to several causes, including rising CO2.
supported	null	supported Reasoning: The claim accurately reflects the situation during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic (circa 2020). Scientific data and industry reports confirm that the coronavirus caused an unprecedented collapse in global air travel demand due to government lockdowns, travel bans, and public hea...	Airlines rush to boost demand as coronavirus shreds playbook for crisis management.	pubhealth	Airlines rush to boost demand as coronavirus shreds playbook for crisis management.
not_enough_evidence	null	supported Explanation: Within the context of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) research, the claim is supported. PMOD (Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos) and ACRIM (Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor) are widely recognized as the two primary and most frequently cited composite records of TS...	The two most cited composites are PMOD and ACRIM.	climate_fever	The two most cited composites are PMOD and ACRIM.
refuted	null	Verdict: Supported Analysis: Scientific evidence and expert consensus from organizations such as the CDC, WHO, and various peer-reviewed studies support the claim that winter weather conditions can increase the spread of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19). This conclusion is based on several converging fa...	Winter Weather Could Increase Spread of COVID-19	healthver	Winter Weather Could Increase Spread of COVID-19
supported	null	Verdict: Supported Explanation: The claim that the central Arctic will become ice-free is supported by current scientific projections, provided it is understood within the specific context of summer sea ice minimums and the scientific definition of "practically ice-free." 1. **Scientific Consensus...	by that I mean the central Arctic will be ice-free.	climate_fever	by that I mean the central Arctic will be ice-free.
refuted	null	Verdict: Supported Analysis: Historical records and biographical evidence confirm that Pablo Picasso held anarchist sympathies and maintained close ties with the anarchist movement, particularly during his early years in Barcelona and later in Paris. 1. Early Influences in Barcelona: In the late 1890s an...	Pablo Picasso was an anarchist.	fever	Pablo Picasso was an anarchist.
refuted	null	The claim that Good Will Hunting is a television series is refuted. Good Will Hunting is a critically acclaimed feature film released in 1997, directed by Gus Van Sant and written by Matt Damon and Ben Affleck, who also starred in the lead roles. It tells the story of a young janitor at MIT with a hidden geniu...	Good Will Hunting is a television series.	fever	Good Will Hunting is a television series.
refuted	null	Verdict: Supported Scientific Analysis: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that rapidly reverses the effects of an opioid overdose by restoring normal breathing in a person whose breathing has slowed or stopped. Extensive peer-reviewed research and data from public health organizations (including the CDC, WHO, a...	Expanding Naloxone use could reduce drug overdose deaths and save lives	pubhealth	Expanding Naloxone use could reduce drug overdose deaths and save lives
refuted	null	supported ### Analysis The claim states that there is no clear evidence that ibuprofen worsens COVID-19 symptoms or outcomes. This aligns with the current consensus from major health organizations and regulatory bodies: 1. Initial Concerns: Early in the pandemic (March 2020), theoretical concerns were raised...	there is no clear evidence that using ibuprofen to treat symptoms such as a high temperature can make coronavirus (covid-19) worse	healthver	there is no clear evidence that using ibuprofen to treat symptoms such as a high temperature can make coronavirus (covid-19) worse
supported	null	supported Explanation: The claim is scientifically accurate. Radiocarbon dating (carbon dating) is a well-established method used to determine the age of an object containing organic material. It relies on the properties of carbon-14 ($^{14}\text{C}$), a radioactive isotope of carbon. 1. Mechanism: L...	Carbon dating uses the decay of carbon-14 to estimate the age of organic materials.	hand_labeled_original	Carbon dating uses the decay of carbon-14 to estimate the age of organic materials.
supported	null	Verdict: refuted Explanation: Scientific evidence and expert consensus indicate that the long-term trend in Earth's albedo is contributing to warming, not cooling. 1. Observed Trend: Satellite measurements (such as from the CERES instrument) and ground-based Earthshine data show that Earth's planetar...	The long term trend from albedo is of cooling.	climate_fever	The long term trend from albedo is of cooling.
refuted	null	### Analysis of the Claim Claim: "An average of 22 veterans of the U.S. military take their own lives every day." Historical Context: The statistic "22 veterans a day" originated from a 2012 report by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) titled Veteran Suicide Data Report: January 1999 – December 2010. T...	An average of 22 veterans of the U.S. military take their own lives every day.	pubhealth	An average of 22 veterans of the U.S. military take their own lives every day.
refuted	null	### Analysis of the Claim Claim: "Warm Weather slow The Spread Of COVID-19" Scientific Evidence & Consensus: 1. Initial Hypotheses: Early in the pandemic (early 2020), scientists hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 might behave like seasonal influenza, spreading less efficiently in warm and humid conditions due...	Warm Weather slow The Spread Of COVID-19	healthver	Warm Weather slow The Spread Of COVID-19
supported	null	supported Explanation: This claim is supported by historical records and expert consensus among historians and fact-checking organizations. Primary Source Evidence: The claim accurately paraphrases a letter written by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to Luther C. Steward, president of the National Fe...	"Scott Walker Says President Franklin Delano Roosevelt ""felt there wasn’t a need in the public sector to have collective bargaining because the government is the people."	pubhealth	"Scott Walker Says President Franklin Delano Roosevelt ""felt there wasn’t a need in the public sector to have collective bargaining because the government is the people."
refuted	null	Verdict: SUPPORTED Explanation: The claim is supported by established scientific evidence and expert consensus published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). 1. Key Studies: The claim references landmark research published in JAMA. The most prominent study is by **Friedewald...	Study Results Published in JAMA Conclude that 3D MAMMOGRAPHY™ Exams Outperform Conventional Mammography for Women with Both Dense and Nondense Breasts	pubhealth	Study Results Published in JAMA Conclude that 3D MAMMOGRAPHY™ Exams Outperform Conventional Mammography for Women with Both Dense and Nondense Breasts
supported	null	Based on current scientific evidence and expert consensus from major health organizations (including the CDC, WHO, and NIH), here is the fact-check analysis of your claim: ### Analysis 1. Claim: "Can I take any vitamins or supplements to prevent COVID-19?" * Scientific Consensus: There is currently **n...	Can I take any vitamins or supplements to prevent COVID-19? In fact, taking too much vitamin C can lead to upset stomach, diarrhea, and reduce the effectiveness of some medications. If you want to take a supplement of vitamin C, I'm not opposed and it may even offer some benefits. Just keep in mind that more isn't alwa...	healthver	Can I take any vitamins or supplements to prevent COVID-19? In fact, taking too much vitamin C can lead to upset stomach, diarrhea, and reduce the effectiveness of some medications. If you want to take a supplement of vitamin C, I'm not opposed and it may even offer some benefits. Just keep in mind that more isn't alwa...
refuted	null	Based on current scientific evidence and expert consensus from major health organizations (including the WHO, CDC, and NIH), here is the evaluation of the claim: Analysis: 1. "Vitamin C helps to kill the virus": There is no evidence that Vitamin C directly kills the SARS-CoV-2 virus (or most other viruses...	Vitamin C helps to kill the virus and reduces the symptoms of infection. It's not a COVID "cure," but nothing is	healthver	Vitamin C helps to kill the virus and reduces the symptoms of infection. It's not a COVID "cure," but nothing is
refuted	null	Refuted Scientific Consensus & Evidence: Extensive clinical data and peer-reviewed research have established that SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19) can cause significant heart damage. The mechanisms include: 1. Direct Viral Invasion: The virus can infect heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) via ACE2...	Coronavirus does not cause heart Damage	healthver	Coronavirus does not cause heart Damage
refuted	null	Refuted Analysis: The claim that the children's animated series Max & Ruby involves a backstory of violent deaths, molestation, and traumatic brain injury is false. This narrative is a well-known urban legend and internet creepypasta that has circulated online for years, but it has no basis in the actual...	"Nick Jr.'s ""Max & Ruby"" involves a tragic backstory: violent deaths, molestation, and traumatic brain injury."	pubhealth	"Nick Jr.'s ""Max & Ruby"" involves a tragic backstory: violent deaths, molestation, and traumatic brain injury."
not_enough_evidence	null	supported Explanation: The claim is supported by extensive clinical evidence and expert consensus. "Co-IR blockade" refers to the inhibition of co-inhibitory receptors (immune checkpoints), such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1, commonly known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The fundamental mechanism of th...	The treatment of cancer patients with co-IR blockade precipitates adverse autoimmune events.	scifact	The treatment of cancer patients with co-IR blockade precipitates adverse autoimmune events.
refuted	null	Verdict: supported Explanation: The claim is supported by current medical literature and clinical guidelines regarding Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). 1. Context of Traditional Treatments: Standard BPH treatments, such as medications (alpha-blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors) and surgeries (Trans...	New Therapy for Enlarged Prostate May Bypass Unpleasant Side Effects	pubhealth	New Therapy for Enlarged Prostate May Bypass Unpleasant Side Effects
refuted	null	Refuted Explanation: The claim is false. The 2017 film To the Bone, directed by Marti Noxon and starring Lily Collins, is a live-action drama about a young woman struggling with anorexia nervosa. The cast consists entirely of human actors (including Keanu Reeves, Carrie Preston, and Lili Taylor). There are n...	To The Bone only included canine actors.	fever	To The Bone only included canine actors.
supported	null	supported Explanation: The claim is accurate as it correctly reflects both the early epidemiological data and the ongoing scientific debate regarding the origins of SARS-CoV-2. 1. Market Link: Early cases were strongly linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, establishing it as the epicenter o...	CORONAVIRUS first emerged from a seafood market in the Chinese city of Wuhan but that theory has been challenged.	healthver	CORONAVIRUS first emerged from a seafood market in the Chinese city of Wuhan but that theory has been challenged.
supported	null	supported Explanation: The claim refers to the legal case involving Dewayne "Lee" Johnson, a former groundskeeper for the Benicia Unified School District in California (not an employee of Bayer, but the plaintiff suing Bayer/Monsanto). Johnson was the first plaintiff to take a Roundup (glyphosate) cancer case ...	Groundskeeper in Bayer in U.S. weed-killer case accepts reduced award.	pubhealth	Groundskeeper in Bayer in U.S. weed-killer case accepts reduced award.
not_enough_evidence	null	supported Explanation: This claim is scientifically accurate and aligns with established data and expert consensus from organizations like the NSIDC and NASA. 1. Arctic Sea Ice: The statement that record low sea ice is "nothing new" in the Arctic is well-supported. Since satellite monitoring began in 1979...	“While record low sea ice is nothing new in the Arctic, this is a surprising turn of events for the Antarctic.	climate_fever	“While record low sea ice is nothing new in the Arctic, this is a surprising turn of events for the Antarctic.
refuted	null	supported Explanation: This claim is accurate based on the proposals from the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform (commonly known as the Simpson-Bowles Commission), which was established by President Barack Obama in 2010. 1. The Commission's Recommendation: The commission's co-chairs r...	Tom Petri Says President Barack Obama’s debt commission recommended converting Medicare "to a system where Medicare participants are given a voucher to purchase insurance in the private market.	pubhealth	Tom Petri Says President Barack Obama’s debt commission recommended converting Medicare "to a system where Medicare participants are given a voucher to purchase insurance in the private market.
refuted	null	refuted Analysis: The claim that a video showing body bags being dumped in a ditch depicts the situation in Italy during the coronavirus pandemic is false. 1. Origin of the Video: Fact-checking organizations (including Snopes, AFP, and Reuters) identified that the viral video in question was actually...	Facebook post Says video of body bags being dumped in a ditch shows the “situation in Italy” due to the coronavirus.	pubhealth	Facebook post Says video of body bags being dumped in a ditch shows the “situation in Italy” due to the coronavirus.
supported	null	supported Explanation: This claim is supported by public legal records and news reports, though it is important to clarify that it describes a legal proceeding rather than a finding of scientific evidence. 1. Factual Accuracy: Bayer (which acquired Monsanto in 2018) has actively appealed multiple Roundup ...	Bayer asks U.S. appeals court to reverse $25 million Roundup verdict.	pubhealth	Bayer asks U.S. appeals court to reverse $25 million Roundup verdict.
not_enough_evidence	null	Refuted Explanation: The claim is refuted by established scientific evidence and expert consensus regarding the cryosphere and climate change. 1. Arctic Sea Ice: Since the satellite era began in 1979, Arctic sea ice extent has declined precipitously, with the most dramatic losses occurring at the Sep...	As a result, the polar ice caps were quite likely more extensive than they had been since at least the 1920s.	climate_fever	As a result, the polar ice caps were quite likely more extensive than they had been since at least the 1920s.
refuted	null	supported Explanation: While the claim uses sensational language ("hapless man," "somehow"), the core event described is a documented medical reality. There are multiple verified case reports in peer-reviewed medical literature regarding penile-vaginal entrapment (often colloquially referred to as "penis capti...	A hapless man somehow got his head stuck in his wife's vagina during sex, resulting in the couple's hospitalization.	pubhealth	A hapless man somehow got his head stuck in his wife's vagina during sex, resulting in the couple's hospitalization.
refuted	null	Verdict: not_enough_evidence Reasoning: Current scientific evidence and expert consensus do not sufficiently support the claim that vitamin supplementation reduces serious COVID-19 complications in the general population. 1. Vague Claim: The claim is overly broad ("vitamin"), and evidence varies by speci...	vitamin can reduce serious COVID-19 complications	healthver	vitamin can reduce serious COVID-19 complications
refuted	null	supported Explanation: The claim is supported by established regulatory history. On December 21, 2012, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) revised the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM), specifically tightening the annual standard for fine particulate matter (...	An Environmental Protection Agency regulation that goes into effect Jan. 1, 2012, regulates dust.	pubhealth	An Environmental Protection Agency regulation that goes into effect Jan. 1, 2012, regulates dust.
refuted	null	Verdict: Refuted Scientific Analysis: The claim that "extreme weather isn't caused by global warming" contradicts the overwhelming consensus of the climate science community, including assessments by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and major national scientific academies. While it is accu...	Extreme weather isn't caused by global warming	climate_fever	Extreme weather isn't caused by global warming
not_enough_evidence	null	Refuted Reasoning: Clash of the Titans is a feature film franchise, not a television show. The original was released in 1981, and the remake in which Gemma Arterton starred was released in 2010. Gemma Arterton played the character Io in the 2010 movie Clash of the Titans. There is no television show by thi...	Gemma Arterton performed in the television show Clash of the Titans.	fever	Gemma Arterton performed in the television show Clash of the Titans.
not_enough_evidence	null	Verdict: Refuted Explanation: The claim that a meaningful global temperature statistic would be "unimportant" is contradicted by established scientific consensus and the fundamental physics of the climate system. 1. Physical Significance: Global mean surface temperature (GMST) is a primary indicator of th...	“Even if you could calculate some sort of meaningful global temperature statistic, the figure would be unimportant.	climate_fever	“Even if you could calculate some sort of meaningful global temperature statistic, the figure would be unimportant.
refuted	null	not_enough_evidence Explanation: While there has been preliminary scientific interest and early-stage research regarding certain cannabinoids (such as CBD or CBDA) and SARS-CoV-2, there is currently insufficient clinical evidence to support the claim that cannabis can prevent or treat coronavirus (COVID-19) i...	Scientists believe cannabis could help prevent, treat coronavirus	healthver	Scientists believe cannabis could help prevent, treat coronavirus
not_enough_evidence	null	Status: Supported Evidence and Reasoning: Jennifer Hudson participated in the baking competition series Celebrity Bake-Off for Stand Up to Cancer (a special edition of The Great American Baking Show). She appeared in Season 3, which aired in 2020. During the competition, she baked to raise money fo...	Jennifer Hudson was in a baking competition.	fever	Jennifer Hudson was in a baking competition.
not_enough_evidence	null	Verdict: Refuted Explanation: This claim refers to the "Iris Hypothesis," proposed by Richard Lindzen and colleagues in 2001. The hypothesis suggests that as tropical sea surface temperatures warm, cirrus cloud cover decreases, allowing more infrared radiation to escape to space. This would create a strong neg...	"a [cloudcover] change in the Tropics could lead to a negative feedback in the global climate, with a feedback factor of about –1.1, which if correct, would more than cancel all the positive feedbacks in the more sensitive current climate models" (Lindzen et al.	climate_fever	"a [cloudcover] change in the Tropics could lead to a negative feedback in the global climate, with a feedback factor of about –1.1, which if correct, would more than cancel all the positive feedbacks in the more sensitive current climate models" (Lindzen et al.
not_enough_evidence	null	Verdict: Supported Explanation: This claim is technically supported by the output of recent climate models, but requires crucial context regarding the broader scientific consensus. 1. Modelling Data: The transition from CMIP5 to CMIP6 climate models saw a significant number of new models exhibit higher Eq...	Recent modelling data suggests the climate is considerably more sensitive to carbon emissions than previously believed	climate_fever	Recent modelling data suggests the climate is considerably more sensitive to carbon emissions than previously believed
not_enough_evidence	null	not_enough_evidence Explanation: While there is robust evidence supporting the existence of the gut-brain axis and observational links between microbiome composition and mental health, the claim that gut bacteria can be reliably altered to treat depression in most patients currently exceeds established sc...	Gut bacteria composition can be reliably altered to treat depression in most patients.	hand_labeled_original	Gut bacteria composition can be reliably altered to treat depression in most patients.
supported	null	Verdict: Supported Scientific Analysis: The claim that a strong (properly functioning) immune system is essential for fighting off encountered germs (pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) is fundamentally supported by established immunology and medical consensus. 1. Primary Function:...	it's also important to have a strong immune system that can fight back against the germs you may encounter.	healthver	it's also important to have a strong immune system that can fight back against the germs you may encounter.
refuted	null	Verdict: Refuted Explanation: This claim is refuted by current scientific evidence and expert consensus. 1. Biological Mechanism: SARS-CoV-2 primarily enters human cells by binding its spike protein to ACE2 receptors. Nicotine, however, binds to entirely different receptors—nicotinic acetylcholine recept...	Experts believe nicotine, the chemical that makes tobacco addictive, competes with the virus to binds with cells in the body, therefore blocking it from entering.	healthver	Experts believe nicotine, the chemical that makes tobacco addictive, competes with the virus to binds with cells in the body, therefore blocking it from entering.
supported	null	Verdict: Supported Analysis: Following the fire at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris on April 15, 2019, significant concerns were raised and subsequently validated regarding lead contamination. The cathedral's roof and spire contained approximately 300 to 400 tons of lead, much of which vaporized during the intens...	Paris child at risk of lead poisoning after Notre Dame fire.	pubhealth	Paris child at risk of lead poisoning after Notre Dame fire.
refuted	null	Verdict: Refuted Explanation: This claim is refuted by regulatory investigations, financial data analysis, and independent fact-checking organizations. There is no evidence that CEOs systematically received advance notice of the COVID-19 pandemic, resigned from their positions, and sold off stock to avoid loss...	Facebook post Says CEOs got advance notice of COVID, then resigned to dump stock.	pubhealth	Facebook post Says CEOs got advance notice of COVID, then resigned to dump stock.
refuted	null	Verdict: Refuted Reasoning: While the first part of the claim is approximately accurate (the United States makes up about 4.2% to 5% of the global population), the second part—that the U.S. has "80 percent of opioids"—lacks necessary context and is misleading when taken at face value. 1. Population: The U...	We have 5 percent of world population. 80 percent of opioids.	pubhealth	We have 5 percent of world population. 80 percent of opioids.
not_enough_evidence	null	Verdict: Supported Reasoning: Epidemiological data from major health organizations (such as the CDC, WHO, and ECDC) consistently indicates that infection rates (cases per capita) have frequently been higher among younger age groups (children, adolescents, and young adults) compared to older adults throughout t...	The rate of coronavirus cases per capita is still much higher among younger people than older ones	healthver	The rate of coronavirus cases per capita is still much higher among younger people than older ones

End of preview.

Science Claim Verification — Labeled Dataset (India-focused)

A curated, quality-optimized dataset for scientific and health claim verification. Each claim is labeled with one of three verdicts:

supported — evidence backs the claim
refuted — evidence contradicts the claim
not_enough_evidence — evidence is insufficient, mixed, or inconclusive

Prepared for the HackIndia × Adaption AutoScientist Challenge — Part 2 (Science Track) by team Caribou, and remastered on Adaption's Adaptive Data platform (final quality Grade B, 340% relative quality improvement).

What makes this dataset distinctive

Science & public-health focus — biomedical, COVID/health, and climate claims.
598 original India-specific hand-labeled claims — ISRO/space missions, common public-health myths (cow urine, 5G, vaccine misinformation), Ayurveda-vs-modern-medicine claims, and genuinely uncertain forward-looking claims.
Six merged sources, de-duplicated, leakage-filtered, and label-balanced.
~33,000 datapoints (instruction-tuning format after Adaptive Data remastering).

⚠️ License — Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0)

This dataset is released under CC BY-NC 4.0 and must NOT be used commercially. Two source datasets — SciFact and HealthVer — are licensed CC BY-NC, so a more permissive license would violate their terms. Please respect the non-commercial restriction and attribute the sources.

Source attribution

Source	Description	License
allenai/scifact	Expert biomedical claims	CC BY-NC
dwadden/healthver_entailment	Real-world COVID/health claims	CC BY-NC
ImperialCollegeLondon/health_fact (PUBHEALTH)	Public-health claims	MIT
tdiggelm/climate_fever	Climate-change claims	Non-commercial research
fever/fever	General-knowledge Wikipedia claims	License per source repo
tals/vitaminc	Wikipedia-revision claims	License per source repo
Hand-labeled originals (598)	India-specific science/health claims	Authored for this project

Fields

Field	Description
`text`	The claim being verified
`label`	Verdict: `supported`, `refuted`, or `not_enough_evidence`
`source`	Originating dataset
`enhanced_completion`	Adaption-generated reasoned answer (adaptive text)
`original_context`	Source context for the claim

Data preparation pipeline

Merge six sources + hand-labeled originals
Per-source caps so no single domain dominates
Normalized de-duplication (collapses near-duplicate and conflicting-label claims)
Label-leakage removal, junk/truncation filtering, short-claim removal
Label rebalancing (hand-labeled rows always retained)
Adaptive Data remastering → quality Grade B

Intended use & limitations

Intended: research and educational fact-checking / misinformation-detection work, especially for science and public-health claims with India-relevant coverage.

Limitations:

Verdicts reflect evidence at time of collection; not a substitute for expert review.
not_enough_evidence is the hardest and least-represented class.
English only. Not medical, legal, or financial advice.

Citation

@misc{caribou_science_claim_verification_2026,
  title  = {Science Claim Verification — Labeled Dataset (India-focused)},
  author = {Team Caribou},
  year   = {2026},
  note   = {HackIndia x Adaption AutoScientist Challenge, Part 2},
  license = {CC BY-NC 4.0}
}

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