public static int checkElementIndex(int index, int size,  String desc) {
    // Carefully optimized for execution by hotspot (explanatory comment above)
    if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(badElementIndex(index, size, desc));
    }
    return index;
  }
Ensures that {@code index} specifies a valid <i>element</i> in an array, list or string of size
{@code size}. An element index may range from zero, inclusive, to {@code size}, exclusive.

@param index a user-supplied index identifying an element of an array, list or string
@param size the size of that array, list or string
@param desc the text to use to describe this index in an error message
@return the value of {@code index}
@throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code index} is negative or is not less than {@code size}
@throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code size} is negative
common/util/src/main/java/io/apiman/common/util/Preconditions.java