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The Heck coupling reactions has become one of the most useful C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond-forming reactions in organic synthesis [1–5]. The reaction has been applied to many areas, including bioactive compounds, natural products, drug intermediates, fine chemical syntheses, UV absorbers, antioxidants and industrial applications... |
A novel 1-glycyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride-copper(II) complex [[Gmim]Cl–Cu(II)] was found to be a heterogeneous catalyst for an efficient Heck reaction with good to excellent yield under solvent free condition. This protocol provides a simple strategy for the generation of a variety of new C–C bo... |
Today, lower quality fuels (high viscosity) containing high amounts of sulfur are extracted due to decreasing oil reserves [1]. As it is known, when fuels are burned, organic sulfur compounds in them are oxidized and emit SO2 gas which is harmful to the atmosphere and the environment, and these gases cause acid rain an... |
Recently, environmental pollution has increased significantly due to petroleum-based fuels widely used in vehicles. This environmental pollution is mainly due to the acidic SO2 gas generated by the combustion of fuels and emitted into the atmosphere. SO2 gas causes not only acid rain but also corrosi... |
The extensive combustion of fossil carbon is most probably responsible for the growing concentration of greenhouse gas CO2 in the atmosphere. The concerns about global warming turned attention towards the production of biofuels by upgrading non-edible and waste vegetable oils and animal fats [1–8]. The most widely used... |
The mechanism of catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of fats, vegetable oils, and fatty acids was studied using alumina-supported Pd catalysts and tricaprylin and valeric acid as model reactants. The chemistry of fatty acid/catalyst interaction was studied by quasi-operando Diffuse Reflectance Infrare... |
The emergence of antidepressants has effectively addressed symptoms for depression patients in recent years. Nefazodone (Nefa)–a novel third generation antidepressant agent and phenyl piperazine derivative–has been widely used in the treatment of depression. Several studies have reported the recent abuse of Nefa, leadi... |
To understand the role of phosphorus doping in Co and Ni-loaded carbon nitride photocatalysts, four P-doped samples are prepared using different strategies. Morphological characterization shows that Co and Ni single atoms were prepared using a concurrent P annealing process in the presence of carbon ... |
Direct N-acylation of amines through the use of carboxylic acid, most particularly, acetic acid as an acylating agent to form amide linkage is a challenging tasks in synthetic chemistry [1]. This is interesting though not surprising because the amide functionality is an essential key part of many biologically as well a... |
Heterogeneous binary TiO2/SnO2 nanocomposite (with 4:1 wt% of TiO2 and SnO2, respectively) catalyst was prepared by a sol–gel method, and further sulfated by chlorosulfonic acid. X-ray diffraction technique revealed the structure of the nanocrystalline catalyst to be tetragonal. Fourier transformed i... |
As an important class of chemicals, carbonate has many applications in chemical industry such as organic synthesis, printing and dyeing, electrochemistry and petrochemical sectors [1–4]. Diphenyl carbonate (DPC) is one of the versatile carbonates, and is often used as a key monomer for the green production of polycarbo... |
Diphenyl carbonate (DPC) is one of the versatile carbonates, and is often used for the production of polycarbonates. In recent years, the catalytic synthesis of DPC has become an important topic but the development of a highly active metal-free catalyst is a great challenge. Herein, a series of ionic... |
The progressive climate change is a globally relevant issue, and accordingly to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, humanity has so far caused a rise in global temperature of about 1°C. To avoid drastic adverse effects on biodiversity, the melting of ice caps, and further rise of sea levels, a... |
Tackling climate change is one of the undoubtedly most important challenges at the present time. This review deals mainly with the chemical aspects of the current status for converting the greenhouse gas CO2 via electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to multicarbon alcohols as valuable produc... |
At present, the demand in olefin hydrocarbons steadily grows due to the rising production of polymers and chemical compounds on the basis thereof. Thermal and catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbons (mainly oil) and dehydrogenation of paraffins are the major industrial methods to manufacture the unsaturated hydrocarbo... |
The development of catalysts for dehydrogenation of light paraffin hydrocarbons in a fixed bed reactor is of great importance for the world petrochemical industry. The preparation of granules (~3 mm in diameter) of CrOx/Al2O3 catalysts is hindered by such problems as homogeneous distribution of activ... |
The progress of modern industrialization is accompanied by the massive consumption of fossil fuels, particularly oil and coal, leading to the shortage of these unrenewable resources and emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) [1–3]. Recently, CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere have exceeded 415 ppm, which i... |
Solar-driven CO2-to-fuel conversion assisted by another major greenhouse gas CH4 is promising to concurrently tackle energy shortage and global warming problems. However, current techniques still suffer from drawbacks of low efficiency, poor stability, and low selectivity. Here, a novel nanocomposite... |
The high demand for energy in modern society has resulted in anthropogenic activities of humans leading to a sharp increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentration (>400 ppm) causing major concern for attempts to manage global warming and the greenhouse effect [1–3]. In this regard, CO2 valorization is attracting interest... |
Glycerol and carbonates (used as CO2 sources) were simultaneously converted to carboxylic acid salts under mild hydrothermal media over supported Pt catalysts. The dehydrogenation of glycerol produced lactate (LA); at the same time, hydrogen molecules released from glycerol were effectively transferr... |
Data will be made available on request.Urban centers around the planet face problems generated by the high level of polluting gases and environmental deterioration which in conjunction with the depletion of fossil fuels and the growing energy demand, have led to the search for alternative energy sources through more ef... |
Renewable aromatic carbon sources and their transformation into value-added chemicals represent one of the most promising approaches of sustainable development. Here, we prepared and characterized nickel catalysts and evaluated their activity in transfer hydrogenolysis reactions using formic acid as ... |
Use of natural gas as an alternative vehicle fuel to gasoline and diesel is growing worldwide due to the fact that it produces significantly less emissions of greenhouse gases, while being cheaper and safer [1]. However, more technological efforts are required to increase the efficiency of catalytic converters to reduc... |
A series of CeO2-modified Co3O4 catalysts supported over α-Al2O3 foams was prepared by solution combustion synthesis and examined for the lean methane oxidation. Two different fuels were used namely, urea and glycine, with varying fuel/oxidiser (Φ) ratio. The catalysts were characterised by SEM-EDX, ... |
Transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbonaceous catalysts (M/N/C, M = transition metal) are a category of non-precious metal catalysts that are recognized as the most promising substitutes for the expensive platinum-based catalysts currently used for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and metal-air/oxyg... |
To meet the sharp increase in demand for clean and renewable energy, it is necessary to develop new energy-conversion and storage technologies, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and metal-air/oxygen batteries (MABs). Due to the sluggish reaction kinetics of the oxygen reduction rea... |
Methane, the main component of natural gas is available in large quantities and it is therefore a major energy source nowadays. Produced from bio derived sources, bio-methane has the potential to contribute substantially to future climate-neutral energy generation [1,2]. Both natural gas and biomethane are attractive f... |
For the combustion of methane, a partial replacement of platinum by rhodium leads to a significantly improved light-off behavior of the corresponding mixed Pt-Rh/γ-Al2O3 catalysts compared to a catalyst containing only Pt supported on γ-Al2O3. For all Pt-Rh/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, mixed PtRh crystals of l... |
The water fraction derived from the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process contains organic, water-soluble compounds that are challenging for conventional wastewater treatment processes [1]. These compounds consist of oxygenated hydrocarbons such as alcohols that can be converted into valuable products including hydrogen by aque... |
Catalytic aqueous-phase reforming (APR) can be applied to process the organic compounds in the water fractions derived from the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. This work aimed at finding an active nickel-based catalyst to convert organic compounds typically found in FT-derived waters, such as alcohol... |
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This work addresses the kinetics of the CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over a Cu/CeO2/ZrO2 catalyst studied using single-site, dual-sites and three adsorption sites kinetic models. Physicochemical constraints and statistical indicators are used as tool for model discrimination. The best performing mod... |
Magnesium alloys are constantly at the center of attraction in the selection and design of engineering materials due to its unique physical and mechanical properties for many years such as having low density and high strength-to-weight ratio [1,2]. In addition, magnesium metal is abundant on the earth's crust. Recent i... |
A bi-layer coating is deposited on the surface of the AZ31B Mg alloy for corrosion protection of the Mg alloy. The bi-layer coating is composed of a micro-arc oxidation coating (MAO), and an electroless plated Ni-P coating. The micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatment in the electrolyte with or without th... |
Plastic pyrolysis, one of the routes to recycle low value polymeric wastes, is a well-known technology to produce useful liquid fuels and presents lower greenhouse gas net emissions than other current technologies such as incineration and gasification [1]. The liquid fraction derived from plastic pyrolysis, mainly in t... |
Catalytic conversion of useless chlorinated heavy wax (chlorine, 0.14 wt%) obtained from pyrolysis of refuse plastic fuel was studied using iron oxide impregnated HY zeolite to produce a useful liquid product. It was found that the largest liquid fraction (gasoline and kerosene/ diesel, 66.9 wt.%) wi... |
In a world governed by a constant increase in energy demand, there is a need for new, sustainable, and ecologically acceptable power sources. Given the rate of fossil fuel consumption, researchers predict that they will be almost completely depleted in approximately fifty to a hundred years [1]. One of the proposed alt... |
Pt and Pt-M (M = Ni, Fe, Cu) nanoparticles supported on graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were synthesized by simultaneous supercritical carbon dioxide deposition method. Morphology analysis by TEM revealed the formation of metal nanoparticles of 2–3 nm size uniformly distributed over GNPs, while XPS was... |
Developing new routes for the effective utilization of non-petroleum carbon resources (such as coal, biomass, natural gas, and waste) to produce clean fuels and value-added chemicals is of great interest due to the shortage of petroleum resources and the environmental problems [1]. Aromatics, acting as significant bulk... |
Direct conversion of syngas to aromatics (STA) over oxide-zeolite composite catalysts is promising as an alternative method for aromatics production. However, the structural effect of the oxide component in composite catalysts is still ambiguous. Herein, we investigate the size effect by selecting Zn... |
Substituted thiocarbamides and their transition metal complexes are one such group of compounds that have promise anticancer activity (Pandey et al., 2019; Pandey et al., 2018). These compounds are more effective anticancer agents, most likely due to the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the structural fra... |
Throughout this research, the thiocarbamide derivative (H2L), and its Cr(III), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes have been reported. The thiocarbamide moiety was established with a reaction of benzoyl isothiocyanate and 1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine. Structural elucidation of such compounds was achieved using e... |
Biomass is an effective energy carrier, contributing to the growing demand for clean and everlasting energy sources for the sustainable development of society. Biomass can be converted to biofuel through biochemical technologies (e.g., fermentation and anaerobic digestion) and thermochemical technologies (e.g., pyrolys... |
Reactive force field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamic simulation was performed to elucidate the mechanism of Ni-catalysed supercritical water gasification of cellulose considering the effects of temperature and cellulose to water ratio. Simulations showed that Ni could decrease the activation energy of C–C... |
Cu is the only elemental metal electrocatalyst that can reduce CO2 to a wide range of hydrocarbons and/or oxygenates, but a specific product pathway usually shows low current density and Faradic efficiency [1–5]. In recent years, extensive research efforts have been devoted to addressing the above challenges. Different... |
Various strategies, including controls of morphology, oxidation state, defect, and doping, have been developed to improve the performance of Cu-based catalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), generating a large amount of data. However, a unified understanding of underlying mechanism for further o... |
Magnetic ferrite nanoparticles in the spinel phase have been considered as an influential class of materials, which are employed in various high-frequency device applications [1]. The cubic spinel structure has the chemical formula of AB2X4, where the anions X are occupied by O atom as metal oxides forming the cubic cl... |
In this study, a series of nanocrystalline Ni0.7Cu0.30AlxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.00 to 0.10 with a step of 0.02) has been synthesized through the sol–gel auto combustion technique. The structural, morphological, dielectric, and electrical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles are analyzed due to the sub... |
Calcium (Ca) is the fifth richest element in the Earth's crust. It is one of the cheapest and most biocompatible metals, with high content in the human body. The price of Ca is close to three millionths of the price of noble metal Pt of the same quality (Hill et al., 2016). Like other alkaline earth metals, calcium has... |
Calcium is one of the most abundant and cheapest elements on earth. However, due to the lack of d-orbitals for chemical adsorption, it is generally considered as a stoichiometric reagent with no catalytic activities in heterogeneous catalysis. In this research, we have revealed that atomically confin... |
Nowadays, the increasing environmental pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases stemming from the fast depletion of fossil resources imposed an increasing attention for developing efficient transformations of abundant and renewable lignin-based biomass resources. In this regard, lignin derivatives can be converted i... |
A three-dimensional ordered macroporous Co3O4 (OM-Co3O4) supported Ru catalyst was developed for the efficient hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of anisole. It is revealed that small-sized Ru nanoparticles evenly distributed over the surface of OM-Co3O4 with large quantities of oxygen vacancies could strongly... |
The oligomerization of linear terminal alkenes is one of the significant problems in the linear α-olefins (LAOs) production in both industry and academia [1–6], together with hydrogenation of alkanes [7]. Linear alpha olefins, normally produced by ethylene oligomerization processes [8–11], and by Fischer–Tropsch synthe... |
Different types of [Ind-C(R)-Phenyl]TiCl3 catalysts based on pendant arene containing indenyl (Ind) ligand bearing various types of bridges (R=cyclo‐C5H10 (C1), (CH3)2 (C2), 4-tBu-cyclo‐C5H9 (C3), and cyclo‐C6H12 (C4)) have been synthesized, and used in the ethylene trimerization to 1-hexene in the p... |
Ceria-based compounds are very attractive materials for electrochemical applications, such as solid oxide fuel cells (either electrolyte or anode [1,2]), oxygen storage materials [3], oxygen sensors or catalysts of partial oxidation of hydrocarbons [4,5]. They present high mobility of oxygen ions [3], high oxygen stora... |
The Pr and Sm co-doped ceria (with up to 20 mol.% of dopants) compounds were examined as catalytic layers on the surface of SOFC anode directly fed by biogas to increase a lifetime and the efficiency of commercially available DIR-SOFC without the usage of an external reformer.
The X... |
Methane (CH4) is a commercially important fuel and alternative chemical resource replacing petroleum oil [1,2], and it is abundant in shale gas, natural gas, and organic-waste-digested biogas [3,4]. While clean liquid fuels and platform chemicals can be obtained through the gas-to-liquid process using methane-derived s... |
The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) using hybrid catalysts containing BaTiO3 perovskite and Mn-Na2WO4 exhibited high activity and high selectivity at low temperature: 66.3 % C2+ (olefins and paraffins) selectivity and 25.9 % C2+ yield at 700 °C which is 100 °C lower than that used for Mn-Na2WO4 c... |
Transformation of biomass, especially non-edible and waste materials, to high-value chemicals, fuels, and materials is a promising approach for reducing dependence on fossil resources. Recently, interest among researchers in the production of lactic acid has been increasing due to its growing market demand. Lactic acid... |
In this study, heterogeneous biomass-based activated carbon-supported metal oxide catalysts were prepared and tested for lactic acid production from glucose in aqueous solution. Activated carbons were produced from hydrolysis lignin by chemical (ZnCl2) or steam activation and modified with a nitric a... |
While worldwide energy consumption continues to grow, unfortunately, nearly 88% of the current energy economy relies on fossil fuels [1]. It is only a matter of time before fossil fuels become either completely depleted or unprofitable to retrieve. Despite their outsized share of the energy portfolio, the era of fossil... |
In the context of the current serious problems related to energy demand and climate change, substantial progress has been made in developing a sustainable energy system. Electrochemical hydrogen–water conversion is an ideal energy system that can produce fuels via sustainable, fossil-free pathways. H... |
With increasing concerns of the fossil fuel–related environmental crisis and global warming, there is an imperative demand for developing alternative green and sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies, such as batteries, fuel cells and water electrolysis [1–7]. As a crucial reaction of secondary metal-air... |
Two-dimensional (2D) metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as low-cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts, however, suffering aggregation and poor operation stability. Herein, ultrafine Fe3O4 nanoparticles (diameter: 6 ± 2 nm) are homogeneously immobilized on 2D Ni based MOFs (Ni... |
Data will be made available on request.Schiff base ligands, which can form stable coordination bonds with metal ions, have received considerable attention in recent years [1]. They have played an important role in the development of coordination chemistry due to their preparative accessibility and structural variety [2... |
In this contribution new Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), Copper(II) and Zinc(II) complexes based on the tetradentate ligand [(N1Z,N2Z)-N1,N2-bis((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)ethane-1,2-diamine] were synthesized and characterized by spectral techniques such as UV–Visible, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance (NM... |
Air pollution contamination resulting from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is an internationally researched topic (Andelman, 1985; Harkov et al., 1985; Abumaizar et al., 1998; Clarke et al., 2008; Cho et al., 2018; Kim and Lee, 2018). VOCs are carbon-based volatile chemicals emitted into the atmosphere by industry an... |
Cobalt (Co) co-doped TiO2 photo-catalysis were synthesized, characterized and tested toward solar photocatalytic oxidation of toluene (TOL). A multi-technique approach was used to characterize and relate the photo-catalytic property to photo-oxidation performance. Adding Co to TiO2 significantly chan... |
Since the first industrial revolution, advanced inventions and technologies have enabled us to enjoy warmth in the winter, cool in the summer, brightness at night, and convenient transportation all over the world.
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Most of these technologies depend heavily on our ability to exploit fossil sources of energy, resulting... |
Platinum (Pt)-based catalysts have been unanimously considered the most efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Unfortunately, the exorbitant cost of Pt hampers the widespread adoption and development of PEMFCs. Scientists have devo... |
The depletion of fossil reserves in the last century and the high volume of emissions generated have led to search and develop more environmentally friendly alternative energy sources. In this sense, biomass is an attractive alternative since it is the only source from which both energy and chemicals can be obtained, m... |
Cu nanoparticles were incorporated on different porous silica supports (commercial silica, SBA-15 synthesized both at room temperature and under hydrothermal conditions, and mesocellular foam) by the strong electrostatic adsorption method and tested in the gas-phase furfural hydrogenation for the pro... |
Data will be made available on request.Photocatalysts, projected as one of the most promising catalytic media of producing H2, are key for the development of sustainable energy sources to achieve the goal of averting imminent climate change while sustaining economic growth. The typically used industrial photocatalysts,... |
Despite the boom in catalytic response via constructing interfaces, understanding interfaces’ interaction in heterostructures is still a paradox. In this work, the interaction of Ni with MoS2 in Ni-Ag-MoS2 heterostructure are unveiled through synchrotron X-PEEM and what’s more, the missing interactio... |
Heterogeneous catalysis plays a significant role in synthesizing organic compounds for agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and fine chemicals for a sustainable future. These catalysts have contributed to developing technology to produce green chemicals from biomass-derived platform chemicals under environmentally benign pr... |
A new zinc-based boron nitride (Zn-BNT) material was synthesized from boron nitride and zinc acetate in 95% yield. The morphological and spectroscopic properties of Zn-BNT were elucidated by SEM, XRD, BET, DSC-TGA, and FT-IR. Zn-BNT catalyzed the synthesis of benzimidazoles (3a–3h) through a reaction... |
Data will be made available on request.An important class of ligands known as Schiff bases has found wide applications in the coordination chemistry of inner transition, transition and main group elements [1–5]. Generally, aromatic or aliphatic amines and carbonyl compounds are condensed by nucleophilic addition to pro... |
2-((E)-(6-ethoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-4-chlorophenol (2-EBTMCP) of Schiff base (HL) which would be produced from 6-ethoxy-2-amino benzothiazole and 5-Chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde was prepared and characterised using 1H NMR, Infrared, ESI-mass spectra, elemental analysis, SEM, EDX and powd... |
Depletion of natural energy resources (crude oil, natural gas, solid fuels) has prompted a great interest in the use of renewable energy sources, mainly biomass [1]. An increasing interest in the biomass conversion is not only because of the energy related reasons but also ecological reasons, mainly the need to restric... |
Hexagonally ordered mesoporous silica SBA-12 catalysts containing various amounts of Ru (1 or 3 wt.%) were obtained by wet impregnation. These catalysts were thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption... |
Diesel engines commonly have higher thermal efficiency than gasoline engines due to their higher compression ratio, without throttle loss and low pump gas loss characteristics. Additionally, since diesel engines have low-speed torque characteristic advantages, they are widely used in non-road mobile machinery such as e... |
Non-road emission regulations are becoming increasingly rigorous, which makes it necessary for non-road engines to adopt aftertreatment systems. The commonly used aftertreatments mainly include diesel oxidation catalytic (DOC), diesel particulate filter (DPF), particle oxidation catalyst (POC), selec... |
Data will be made available on request.
Data will be made available on request.Hydrogen is considered to be a fuel of the future. Pure H2 and the product of its burning are environmentally safe. H2 exhibits the highest energy capacity per weight unit among all known fuels (121 kJ/g). Nowadays, 90% of the H2 is pro... |
The conceptual design of a portable autonomous catalytic hydrogen generator is introduced. The generator is based on the bioethanol steam reforming over the developed ferrite catalyst. The generator admits the utilization of thermal energy of the reaction mixture for vaporization and heating the inpu... |
Composite solid propellants are extensively used as one of the most important propulsion energy sources in the field of rocket launching and space vehicles carrying [1–3]. With the rapid development of aerospace technology and the increasing competition among different nations, higher requirements have been put forward... |
As a main oxidizer in solid composite propellants, ammonium perchlorate (AP) plays an important role because its thermal decomposition behavior has a direct influence on the characteristic of solid composite propellants. To improve the performance of solid composite propellant, it is necessary to tak... |
Concentration of the component i (mmol cm−3)Diffusion coefficient (cm2 s−1)Activation energy named i (J mmol−1)Molar flow at the reactor inlet of the component i (mmol min−1)Molar flow at the reactor outlet of the component i (mmol min−1)Kinetics constant number i (see reference [26])Preexponential factor number i (J m... |
CO2 methanation could play a significant role in the future energy system. The excess of renewable electric energy can be transformed into storable methane to balance the energy demand when required. Moreover, the CO2 methanation can be performed alternating steps of CO2 storage and reduction, avoidi... |
Data will be made available on request.Recently, with the increasing depletion of fossil fuels and growing awareness of global warming, biomass has received increasing attention as an abundant and CO2-neutral renewable energy source [1]. Gasification is one of the most promising technologies for converting biomass wast... |
In this study, steam reforming of toluene was carried out in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor combined with Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. The effect of reaction temperature, calcination temperature of catalysts, and relative permittivity of packing materials, on the reaction performance an... |
Energy crisis and environmental pollution have increasingly limited the development of human society, so seeking and developing high-efficiency, eco-friendly and recycling new energy has been imminent [1–5]. The natural-born merits of high energy density, strong renewable ability, convenient transportation, carbon-free... |
Water electrolysis is a promising technology to produce hydrogen but it was severely restricted by the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we firstly reported an advanced electrocatalyst of MOF-derived hollow Zn–Co–Ni sulfides (ZnS@Co9S8@Ni3S2-1/2, abbreviated as ZCNS-1/2) nanosword arrays ... |
The sources of fossil fuels such as oil are gradually exhausted due to large consumption in field of energy over the years. Meanwhile the human need for energy is increasing continuously with the passage of time, therefore the development of new energy sources is utmost need to meet this requirement [1,2]. Most of the ... |
Ammonia borane (AB) can be catalytically hydrolyzed to provide hydrogen at room temperature due to its high potentaial for hydrogen storage. Non-precious metal heterogeneous catalysts have broad application in the field of energy catalysis. In this article, catalysts precursor is obtained from Co-Ti-... |
The current increasing environmental awareness and the inevitable depletion of fossil fuel reserves have prompted the growth of search for renewable energy sources, with a greater increment in the biodiesel industry [1,2]. Biodiesel has been typically produced by the alkaline transesterification of triglycerides presen... |
In this work, Sn(II)-exchanged silicotungstic acid salt (i.e., Sn2SiW12O40) was synthesized and evaluated as the catalyst on the acetalization of glycerol with acetone to produce solketal, a versatile bioadditive of fuel. The Sn2SiW12O40 salt was compared to the other solid Keggin heteropoly salts (i... |
Selective hydrogenations of aromatic ketones into the corresponding alcohols are commonly performed by homogeneous catalysis. However, these processes have economic and environmental disadvantages. Taking into account the key role of this type of alcohols in the fine chemical industries (and especially pharmaceuticals)... |
Two catalysts were prepared using monodisperse pre-synthetized nanoparticles of metallic nickel and nickel phosphides with the same average diameter. Both nanoparticles species were deposited on the same support: mesoporous silica nano-spheres of MCM-41. This support is suitable to inhibit agglomerat... |
With the increasing concern on the emission control of carbon dioxide, the catalytic CO2 conversion has attracted worldwide attentions. Among various options for CO2 conversion, the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is very promising with the rapid development of renewable energy. It can convert carbon dioxide in a larg... |
Silver catalyst has been extensively investigated for photocatalytic and electrochemical CO2 reduction. However, its high activity for selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol has not been confirmed. Here, the feasibility of the indium oxide supported silver catalyst was investigated for CO2 hydrog... |
Biomass tar contains a variety of organic compounds (mainly aromatic and oxygen containing compounds) which have many disadvantages because of their toxicity, therefore, its removal is highly desirable [1,2]. Among the many methods for tar removing, catalytic steam reforming can convert tar into valuable products at lo... |
This study evaluated the catalytic activity of Mo catalysts derived from hydrotalcite-like compounds for steam reforming of toluene as a model compound for tar. The catalysts with 1.5, 3 and 4.5 Mo loadings (wt%), denoted as Mo1.5MgAl, Mo3MgAl and Mo4.5MgAl respectively, were prepared by coprecipitat... |
Recently, society has been concerned by the environmental pollution of soils, atmosphere and water. Specifically, about the water pollution, continuous technological advance and consumption growth in today’s society increase worryingly contamination of the aqueous environment [1], and currently, the effect of the conta... |
In this work, the treatment of wastewater polluted with contaminants of emerging concern is evaluated by heterogeneous photocatalysis with TiO2. Titanium plates are anodized by different experimental conditions, and the influence of these conditions on the catalytic performance is evaluated by factor... |
Ammonia is regarded as a safe and sustainable energy carrier due to its high hydrogen content and narrow flammable range [1,2] enabling the long term (days to months) energy storage in chemical bonds versus the short-term storage (seconds to hours) offered by electrochemical storage (i.e. batteries). In this way, the u... |
On-demand production of hydrogen from ammonia is a challenge limiting the implementation of ammonia as a long term hydrogen vector to overcome the difficulties associated with hydrogen storage. Herein, we present the development of catalysts for the on-demand production of hydrogen from ammonia by co... |
Dichromate is an essential additive in the chlorate process (the electrolytic production of NaClO3 from NaCl), to catalyze the chlorate formation as well as to inhibit side reactions. Thus, no chlorate production is possible in the current technology without adding chromium(VI) (Colman and Tilak, 1995). However, chromi... |
By pursuing the aim of identifying new types of catalysts in the electrolytic production of NaClO3 from NaCl (chlorate process), we report a detailed study on the decomposition of hypochlorous acid accelerated by yttrium(III) chloride (YCl3), yttrium(III) oxide (Y2O3) and telluric acid (Te(OH)6) at 8... |
The indole structure is one of most important heterocycles appears in many popular drugs, agrochemicals, advanced organic materials as well as bioactive alkaloids [1–7]. Notably, the indole scaffold has been known as an important pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry present in over 3000 natural products and 40 pharmace... |
Bis(3-indolyl)methanes (BIM) are highly valuable and appear in the core structure of many natural products and pharmacologically active compounds (anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, antimetastatic, antimicrobial, etc.). Herein, we have disclosed an air stable and highly... |
Hydrogen, as an energy carrier, has potential to provide inexhaustible energy because it has massive reserves on Earth [1–3]. In addition, because hydrogen has a series of outstanding advantages such as environmental friendliness and three times higher calorific value than oil, it is considered to be an attractive alte... |
Mg-based hydrides are too stable and the kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption is not satisfactory. An efficient way to improve these shortcomings is to employ reactive ball milling to synthesize the nanocomposite materials of Mg and additives. In this experiment, TiF3 was selected as an add... |
The depletion of fossil resources together with a strong drive to limit greenhouse gas emissions has led to an increasing effort in the development of sustainable and green transportation fuels. Well known examples are ethanol from sugars using fermentative approaches [1] and biodiesel from vegetable oils [2], which ha... |
K-Co-MoSx catalysts varying in Co content were prepared to investigate the role of Co in this catalyst formulation for the synthesis of C3+ alcohols from syngas. The Co-MoSx precursors and the best performing K-doped version were characterized in detail and the amount of active cobalt sulfide and mix... |
O2/H2 fuel cells were invented by Schönbein [1] and Grove [2] in 1839 and they are still not widely used. The 4-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a very spontaneous reaction in H2/O2 fuel cells (O2 + 2H2 → 2H2O), but its kinetics are sluggish on most electrode surfaces because it involves several electron tra... |
There has been a significant progress toward the development of highly active and stable platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, promising a low-cost replacement for Pt group electrocatalysts. However, the succes... |
Isobutene (2-methylpropene) is a vital base chemical extensively used as a building block for the synthesis of a vast number of intermediates in the chemical industry. It is an essential precursor for the synthesis of various oxygenates like methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and methacrylat... |
Production of isobutene is commercially consequential and highly demanding from the end-use industries being a key platform molecule as well as an intermediate for a variety of value-added chemicals. Traditionally, isobutene is prepared via steam cracking and fluid catalytic cracking methods. However... |
In the past centuries, human society has made tremendous technological and economical progress, which were accompanied by the rapid growth in world population [1]. The resulting challenge of fulfilling the increasing demand in food supply has always been a universal concern. As an efficient solution to this problem, in... |
Ammonia synthesis remains one of the most important catalytic processes since it enables efficient hydrogen storage and provides the basis for the production of fertilizers. Herein, complementary bulk and local analytical techniques were combined to investigate the effect of selected promoters (Al, K... |
Data will be made available on request.The industrial revolution has made life very convenient by regularly upgrading the technologies, however, it’s still dependent on natural fuels such as natural gas, coal and petroleum [1–3]. On one hand, the combustion of these fuels causes serious environmental pollution, while o... |
Electrochemical water splitting to generate oxygen and hydrogen is a key process for several energy storage and conversion devices. Developing low-cost, robust, efficient, and earth-abundant electrochemical catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is therefore holding a paramount position. H... |
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a fascinating sustainable energy technology that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity to power clean electric vehicles [1–3]. Massive Platinum group metals (PGM) are needed to catalyze the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode, which c... |
While Platinum group metals (PGM) free catalysts are promising alternatives to expensive Pt as the cathode catalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, their rapid degradation must be addressed for the commercial feasibility. This review provides a historical survey of the possible degradation me... |
Water still remains an essence of life, however with continuous discharge of waste into water bodies, access to clean and potable water has continued to dwindle. The detection of various waste organic contaminants such as pharmaceutical, dyes, pesticides, personal care products in surface, ground and drinking water is ... |
The coupling of piezocatalysis and photocatalysis known as piezo-photocatalysis has attracted a lot of attention as one of the most effective advanced oxidation process (AOPs) for wastewater treatment, especially for the degradation of organic pollutants and disinfection of microbes. To advance this ... |
Fuel cells have attracted a great deal of attention as clean energy conversion devices because of their high efficiency and low emissions [1,2]. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have already reached the level of practical use but remain costly, because they require catalysts that include acid-resistant plat... |
We focus on the water management challenges and report on the improvements of cell performance for anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) using a non-PGM catalyst (Fe–N–C) for the cathode and an in-house-developed anion exchange ionomer (quaternized poly(arylene perfluoroalkylene), QPAF-4) for b... |
The harsh reduction in fossil fuel reserves and the increasing concern about the environmental pollution have boosted the development of new strategies for the valorization of alternative sustainable sources in order to mitigate the problems associated with CO2 emissions and global warming [1–3]. In this regard, biomas... |
Biomass pyrolysis and the in-line catalytic cracking of the pyrolysis volatile stream has been approached in this study. The pyrolysis step was carried out in a conical spouted bed reactor at 500 °C, whereas the inert sand or the cracking catalysts (γ-Al2O3, spent FCC and olivine) were placed in a fi... |
The structure and nature of the active sites of hydrogenation catalysts based on copper has not been the focus of scientific research since the early 2000′s, despite previous debate regarding the catalytic mechanism. This subject has recently become relevant again due to the demand for stable, Cr-free industrial cataly... |
Copper aluminate spinel (CuO
.
CuAl2O4) is the favoured Cr-free substitute for the copper chromite catalyst (CuO
.
CuCr2O4) in the industrial hydrogenation of aldehydes. New insights in the catalytic mechanism w... |
The development of the Haber Bosch Process was undoubtedly a major achievement of the 20th Century. Through provision of a route to access synthetic fertiliser, it can be credited with sustaining 40% of the global population. It has been estimated that it is responsible for 2% of the global commercial energy requiremen... |
The present study presents an empirical screening study of the catalytic performance of a variety of supported materials for ammonia synthesis at 400 and 500 °C. Amongst the materials tested, those derived from Ru/Al2O3 exhibited the best performance. Supported Os and CoRe catalysts also demonstrated... |
Nowadays, hydrogen is used in several industrial applications. Primally it is an essential material required in a variety of chemical processes such as the oil refining, the production of ammonia and methanol, as well as the synthesis of many polymers. Additionally, hydrogen is also used in other industrial sectors, na... |
The catalytical activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of the electrodeposited Ni–Mo/WC composites is examined in 1 M KOH solution. The structure, surface morphology and surface composition is investigated using the scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron s... |
The development of industrial fields has been progressing since the industrial revolution in the eighteenth century. The discharged wastewaters from industrial activities contain many organic and inorganic pollutants that are highly toxic and persistent [1,2]. Phenolic compounds are one of the major organic water pollu... |
Nowadays, cobalt-based catalysts are becoming increasingly attractive for various reactions. In this work, the catalytic and photocatalytic activities of different cobalt ferrites were investigated for the degradation of phenol in water at neutral pH. Pure CoFe2O4 and mixed CoxNi1-xFe2O4 ferrites wer... |
Ammonia nitrogen, which is a collective term for NH3 and NH4
+, is a common nitrogen compound. In nature, high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen found in water and soil come mainly from the improper disposal of human waste and livestock excretion, industrial effluents and the excessive use of fertilizers. Although amm... |
Al2O3-supported precious metal catalysts were tested for the oxidative decomposition of NH4
+ in water with O3 and the effects of support on the catalytic activity of Pd were investigated. Pd/CeO2 was found to be the best catalyst in terms of activity, selectivity and stability a... |
Commonly used catalysts include various metal complexes, salts and metal oxides, as well as transition metals. All of these compounds belong to groups of noble or critical metals [1–3]. Currently, they are widely applied in the developing technologies of wind, nuclear, geothermal and biomass power plants, solar photovo... |
This study concerns an application of spongin-based scaffolds of commercial sponge origin as a naturally structured precursor of carbon material. Further functionalization with cobalt via a simple sorption-reduction method resulted in the preparation of novel catalysts tested in oxidation-reduction r... |
Most of the chemical reactions for the production of the molecules and materials, such as in the fields of chemical manufacturing, energy conversion, environmental remediation, and human health care, make use of catalysts, either in a homogeneous or heterogeneous process.
1
Generally speaking, the homogeneous operatio... |
Metal catalysts have been widely employed in chemical production, medicine manufacture, organic synthesis, and environmental cleaning, etc. Catalyst design plays a key role in enhancing efficiencies including activity, selectivity, and durability. Both theoretical predictions and experimental researc... |
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) has become an increasingly important research topic over the past decades due to the growing demand for transportation fuels [1–7]. Environmental regulations in many countries worldwide demand the production of clean fuels with an ultra-low sulfur content of 10 ppm or less [8–10]. As the trad... |
Metal confinement catalyst MoS2/Pt@TD-6%Ti (TD, TS-1/Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles composite) in dendritic hierarchical pore structures was synthesized and showed excellent sulfur-resistance performance and stabilities in catalytic hydrodesulfurization reactions of probe sulfide molecules... |
The authors do not have permission to share data.Addressing climate changes and environmental sustainability while meeting the ever growing energy demand is one of the greatest challenges which our society needs [1,2]. Hydrogen has been recognized as one of the green fuels because of its high gravimetric energy density... |
Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from alkaline electrolytes is one of most promising methods for producing hydrogen. The remaining obstacles include the development of high performance and earth-abundant electrocatalysts which can be cost-effectively fabricated in large-scale. Ni-Mo based materials ... |
Sea-level rise and climate change are among the severe effects of the global energy crisis and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, research on renewable energy is fundamental and urgent [1–3]. Among new energy systems, hydrogen energy is considered a promising secondary energy source with a higher calorific value. H2 ... |
Green hydrogen (H2) produced by renewable energy powered alkaline water electrolysis is a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its high energy density with zero-carbon emissions. However, efficient and economic H2 production by alkaline water electrolysis is hindered by the sluggish hydrogen ... |
Concerns about the vital global warming and ocean acidification problems caused by CO2 excessive emission (Karl and Trenberth, 2003; Orr et al., 2005) have triggered extensive researches on its large-scale reutilization via effective, economical, and sustainable technologies for a CO2 circular economy (Aresta et al., 2... |
CO2 circular economy is urgently calling for the effective large-scale CO2 reutilization technologies. The reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction is the most techno-economically viable candidate for dealing with massive-volume CO2 via downstream mature Fischer-Tropsch and methanol syntheses, but the... |
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have successfully demonstrated flexibility of the utilization of multiples of fuels ranging from syn-gas, bio-gas, natural gas and other hydrocarbons to pure hydrogen [1,2]. Conventionally, hydrocarbons are externally reformed and reformate serves as fuel for electrochemical oxidation on ... |
High-entropy alloy (HEA) anode and reforming catalyst, supported on gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC), have been synthesized and evaluated for the steam reforming of methane under SOFC operating conditions using a conventional fixed-bed catalytic reactor. As-synthesized HEA catalysts were subjected to var... |
Lignocellulosic biomass can be effectively used to reduce carbon footprint. As it is present in abundance, it can also be used for the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals [1]. The valorization of lignocellulose for the production of drop-in fuels and chemicals is a multi-step process that involves the steps o... |
TiO2-supported Ni catalysts are promising candidates that can be used to achieve biomass valorization following the selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Their catalytic activity can be tuned and they are characterized by strong metal–support interaction (SMSI). The SMSI observed at the interfaces of N... |
The combinatorial materials chip (CMC) method [1], combined with high-throughput characterization techniques, has been proven a powerful tool for rapid material studies such as in phase diagrams [2], ferromagnetic shape memory alloys [3], and amorphous alloy [4], etc. With this approach, the magnetism of FeCo-based all... |
Fe-X-Ni (X = Cr, W and V) combinatorial thin-film (∼100 nm thick) materials chips covering the full composition range of ternary systems were fabricated. The crystal structure distribution was mapped by micro-beam X-ray diffractometers (XRD) and the magnetic hysteresis loops over the chip were charac... |
Chemical reactions are always around our lives, and more importantly, they affect and even change our lives.
1
Almost 80% of synthetic chemical reactions are dependent on the efficiency of catalysts.
2
Compared with traditional trial-and-error methods, the rational design of catalysts based on efficient descriptors f... |
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have provided new impetus to the field of catalysis because of their high activity, high selectivity, and theoretically full utilization of active atoms. However, the ambiguous activation mechanism prevents a clear understanding of the structure-activity relationship and ... |
Substituting the traditional fossil fuels by high-energy-density hydrogen with zero-environmental impact promises a carbon-free era in fuel utilization [1–3]. Water electrolysis driven by renewable energy is an effective way for hydrogen production with little environmental impact [4,5], and therefore has drawn increas... |
Implementation of non-precious electrocatalysts is key-enabling for water electrolysis to relieve challenges in energy and environmental sustainability. Self-supporting Ni-V2O3 electrodes consisting of nanostrip-like V2O3 perpendicularly anchored on Ni meshes are herein constructed via the electroche... |
Intense research on the water-oxidation catalyst (WOC) center in photosystem II (PSII) over the last decades has revealed deep insights on the mechanisms by which nature liberates electrons and protons from H2O, two critical ingredients for downstream reactions such as CO2 reduction and N2 fixation.
1
,
2
This knowl... |
O–O bond formation is a key elementary step of the water-oxidation reaction. However, it is still unclear how the mechanism of O–O coupling depends on the applied electrode potential. Herein, using water-in-salt electrolytes, we systematically altered the water activity, which enabled us to probe the... |
Magnetic nanoparticles are highly exploited in various fields like ferrofluids, magnetic separations, magnetic drug delivery, magnetic data storage systems, magnetic resonance imaging (
Cao et al., 2014
;
Song et al., 2015
;
Xuan et al., 2011
) recording, absorbents (
Andjelkovic et al. 2018
;
Jacek, 1984
;
Mazen... |
The sol-gel auto-combustion procedure was used to synthesize M (M = Mg, Ni, and Zn) substituted Co0.5Cu0.2M0.3Fe2O4 micro ferrites. X-ray diffraction measurements validated the mono-phase formation and nanocrystalline character of the produced samples. It possesses a monophasic cubic-spinel lattice s... |
Data will be made available on request.Persistent Organic Pollutants.Metal-organic frameworks.persistent, bio-accumulative, and toxic.dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane.polybrominated diphenyl ethers.Organochlorine.Persulfate.polychlorinated biphenyls.hexachlorocyclohexane.polyfluoroalkyl substances.brominated flame retar... |
The presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the aquatic environment is causing widespread concern due to their bioaccumulation, toxicity, and possible environmental risk. These contaminants are produced daily in large quantities and released into water bodies. Traditional wastewater treat... |
Massive dearth for industrialization, globalization and civilization has brought annihilation of natural resources to liberal extents. Fresh water, fossil fuels, atmosphere and forests encounter rapid pollution due to man-made actions. Discharge of untreated/poorly treated textile wastewater into water bodies is one su... |
Water serves as a key component in the basis of life to function and evolve unceasingly. Excessive deterioration of fresh water resources through discarding enormous amounts of dye effluents is becoming a problem of concern. In this work we report a conventional solid-state technique improved with ch... |
Zeolites are crystalline and microporous materials built mainly of silicon, aluminum, and oxygen. The occurrence of Brønsted acid sites inside micropores allows to use this group of aluminosilicates as catalysts in numerous industrial processes [1,2]. However, due to a limited accessibility of the active sites and slow... |
In this paper, the ultrasonic-assisted desilication technique was reported as an attractive and efficient way for the preparation of hierarchical zeolites with MFI structure type. The prepared materials were used as active catalysts for the dehydration of ethanol into diethyl ether and ethylene. For ... |
The C–C coupling reactions have attracted significant attention since their discovery and have been one of the most important research areas [1]. These reactions typically require the use of precious metal catalysts (e.g., Pd [2,3], Au [4] and Ru [5]) and sometimes significant excess of reductants. In this regard, the ... |
We present the mechanistic understanding of an electrochemically-driven nickel-catalyzed coupling reaction. Computational analysis reveals that the spin density is mostly residing on the nickel (Ni) center when NiII is reduced to NiI. Ni-mediated halogen atom abstraction through outer-sphere electron... |
Furfural, obtained via acid-catalyzed dehydration of pentose such as xylose and arabinose or via fast pyrolysis of biomass, is one of the most promising biomass-derived platforms as a building block in the bio-refinery approach [1,2]. Selective hydrogenation of furfural has gained much attention for the production of f... |
Flame spray-synthesized Pt/TiO2 and PtCo/TiO2 catalysts with 0.7 wt% Pt and 0–0.4 wt% Co were studied in the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol (FA) at 50 °C and 2 MPa H2. Particle formation under high temperature flame facilitated high Pt dispersion and formation of Pt-TiOx interface site... |
Hydrogen gas (H2) is eco-friendly, sustainable, efficient, and has renewable properties. Moreover, it is a clean, efficient energy supporter for fuel cells and an auspicious alternative to control air pollution, crises of future fossil fuel, and problems of renewable resources [1–3]. The electro-splitting of water is a... |
Ni–Co alloy of flowered like structure is successfully electrodeposited from neutral aqueous solutions of NiCl2 and CoCl2 salts as precursors at room temperature. The prepared alloy at our optimized conditions has a high protection effect from the electrochemical corrosion of steel in the hydrochlori... |
Multi-metallic formulations have raised a lot of interest in catalysis and electrochemistry because of the synergies that may be achieved by combining different elements [1–4]. The possibility to dilute expensive noble metals into base metals, while maintaining acceptable or even improving catalytic properties, is also... |
This contribution reviews some of the structural features of supported bimetallic catalysts that could be unravelled using IR spectroscopy of CO adsorption. The few examples presented are focussed on active metals such as Au, Pd, Pt and Co and modifications by inert elements such as Sn or Zn. The dif... |
In so many aspects, the irruption of Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) materials revolutionized the applications of the porous materials [1–3]. A good example could be found with Fe-based MOFs, taking advantage of some favorable properties of iron amongst the possible metals forming MOFs, such as its low price, high abunda... |
Porous Fe carboxylates are amongst the most promising MOF-based materials due to their low price, low toxicity, metal environments (including open metal sites) and remarkable (meso)porosity variety. Fe-MOFs based on the cluster [Fe3O(X)(solvent)2]6+, that is, MIL-101(Fe), MIL-100(Fe) and semiamorphou... |
With the increasing number of motor vehicles, the harmful automotive exhaust becomes a major source of pollution in the urban environment all over the world. During combustion of fuel, in which sulfur-containing compounds are presented with trace amount, SO
x
is inevitably produced, leading to that 1) air pollution, a... |
The reactive adsorption behavior of thiophene on the reduced Ni/ZnO sample was investigated by a combination of theoretical and experimental study. It is widely accepted that Ni is responsible for the sulfur-removal of thiophene to release S-free hydrocarbons. Such surface reaction was simulated by D... |
Diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) are used in the automotive industry to oxidize hydrocarbons and CO and convert NO to NO2, which is critical to oxidize soot collected on DPFs and improve SCR efficiency. Nowadays, the emphasis on lowering real world driving emissions requires active catalysts for CO and hydrocarbon oxi... |
The aim of this research is an attempt to shed some light on the understanding of the nature of the active sites and the generated synergies in the copper/ceria-zirconia formulations for low temperature CO oxidation by means of the creation of copper entities with different physico-chemical nature. F... |
Al–Ni reactive materials, including composite particles and multilayered foils, are a class of energetic materials (EMs) with high-energy content [1–3]. These materials can undergo intermetallic reaction with a significant amount of heat release and forming composites with high mechanical strength [4,5]. Due to this pr... |
In this paper, various core-shell structured Al–Ni@ECs composites have been prepared by a spray-drying technique. The involved ECs refer to the energetic composites (ECs) of ammonium perchlorate/nitrocellulose (AP/NC, NA) and polyvinylidene fluoride/hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (PVDF/CL-20, PC). Two... |
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