alexdum/meteogate-archive

Meteogate European Weather Observations Archive

A continuously growing archive of real-time meteorological observations from the EUMETNET Meteogate E-SOH service, covering thousands of weather stations across Europe.

Data Structure

Each Parquet file contains observations in long format (one row per station × variable × timestamp) with the following columns:

Column	Type	Description
timestamp	datetime	Observation time in UTC
station_id	string	WIGOS Station Identifier (e.g. 0-20000-0-06201)
station_name	string	Human-readable station name (e.g. VALHALL A)
latitude	float	Station latitude (decimal degrees, WGS 84)
longitude	float	Station longitude (decimal degrees, WGS 84)
standard_name	string	CF Standard Name of the observed variable (see full list below)
level	string	Measurement height/depth above ground in meters (e.g. 2.0, 10.0, 0.05)
method	string	Statistical method: point (instantaneous), mean, maximum, sum
duration	string	Aggregation period in ISO 8601 duration (e.g. PT0S, PT1M, PT10M, PT1H, PT3H)
value	float	Observed numerical value
unit	string	Measurement unit (SI or conventional; see per-variable table)
naming_authority	string	Data provider identifier (e.g. no.met, fi.fmi, nl.knmi)

Duration codes

Code	Meaning
PT0S	Instantaneous measurement
PT1M	1-minute aggregation
PT2M	2-minute aggregation
PT10M	10-minute aggregation
PT1H	1-hour aggregation
PT3H	3-hour aggregation

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Observed Variables

All variable names follow the CF Standard Names convention.

🌡️ Temperature & Humidity

standard_name	Unit	Description
air_temperature	°C (Cel)	Air temperature, typically at 2 m above ground
dew_point_temperature	°C (Cel)	Dew point temperature at 2 m
relative_humidity	%	Relative humidity of the air
soil_temperature	°C (Cel)	Temperature within the soil (e.g. at 0.05 m depth)
sea_surface_temperature	°C (Cel)	Temperature of the sea surface

🌬️ Wind

standard_name	Unit	Description
wind_speed	m/s	Sustained wind speed, typically at 10 m height
wind_from_direction	deg	Direction the wind is blowing from (0° = North, 90° = East)
wind_speed_of_gust	m/s	Maximum wind gust speed in the aggregation period

🌧️ Precipitation

standard_name	Unit	Description
precipitation_amount	kg/m²	Accumulated precipitation (rain + snow, liquid-water equivalent)
rainfall_rate	mm/h	Intensity of rainfall

🔵 Atmospheric Pressure

standard_name	Unit	Description
air_pressure	hPa	Air pressure at station level
air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level	hPa	Air pressure reduced to mean sea level (QFF/QNH)
surface_air_pressure	hPa	Air pressure measured at the surface sensor height
tendency_of_surface_air_pressure	hPa	Change in surface air pressure over 3 hours

☀️ Radiation & Sunshine

standard_name	Unit	Description
surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air	W/m²	Total incoming shortwave (solar) radiation at the surface
surface_diffuse_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air	W/m²	Diffuse component of incoming shortwave radiation
duration_of_sunshine	s	Duration of bright sunshine within the aggregation period

👁️ Visibility & Clouds

standard_name	Unit	Description
visibility_in_air	m	Horizontal visibility
cloud_area_fraction	okta	Total cloud cover (0 = clear, 8 = overcast)

❄️ Snow

standard_name	Unit	Description
surface_snow_thickness	cm	Depth of snow on the ground

🌊 Sea & Waves

standard_name	Unit	Description
sea_surface_wave_significant_height	m	Significant wave height (H_s, average of highest third)
sea_surface_wave_maximum_height	m	Maximum individual wave height
sea_surface_wave_mean_period	s	Mean wave period
sea_surface_wave_significant_period	s	Significant wave period
sea_surface_wave_maximum_period	s	Period of the maximum wave
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum	s	Peak wave period (dominant spectral period)
sea_surface_wave_period_of_highest_wave	s	Period of the highest individual wave
sea_surface_wave_from_direction	deg	Direction from which waves are propagating
sea_surface_wave_from_direction_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum	deg	Peak wave direction
sea_surface_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_first_frequency_moment	s	Mean wave period derived from the first frequency moment of the spectrum
sea_water_speed	m/s	Speed of sea water current

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Data Providers

Data is published by EUMETNET member national meteorological services. Currently observed providers include:

naming_authority	Institution	Country
no.met	Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway)	🇳🇴 Norway
fi.fmi	Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)	🇫🇮 Finland
nl.knmi	Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI)	🇳🇱 Netherlands

Note: Additional EUMETNET members (Germany/DWD, France/Météo-France, Sweden/SMHI, Spain/AEMET, etc.) may appear as they publish data to the E-SOH stream.

Coverage

• Temporal: From March 2026 onwards (continuously growing, archived every 10 minutes)
• Spatial: European weather stations from EUMETNET member countries
• Resolution: 1-minute, 2-minute, 10-minute, hourly, and 3-hourly aggregations
• Format: Apache Parquet, partitioned as data/YYYY/MM/YYYY-MM-DD.parquet

Data Source & License

Data is sourced from the EUMETNET E-SOH service and published under the CC-BY-4.0 license.

Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite:

• EUMETNET — https://www.eumetnet.eu/
• Meteogate E-SOH API — https://observations.meteogate.eu/