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Minus Zero Indian Urban Autonomous Driving Dataset - Multicamera LiDAR

Overview

This dataset provides original multicamera autonomous-driving recordings with LiDAR in MCAP format. It is designed for non-commercial research on camera and LiDAR perception, sensor synchronization, H.265 video pipelines, localization, GNSS/pose integration, and robotics data tooling.

The repository uses gated access for personal, educational, and research use under CC BY-NC 4.0. Commercial use is prohibited.

This focused raw release is part of the four-release Indian Urban Autonomous Driving collection. It is preserved without unnecessary clipping or fixed-rate subsampling so researchers can define their own camera–LiDAR synchronization, quality, and split policies.

Key facts

Property Value
MCAP files 8
Total bytes 92,688,088,458
Approximate download size 92.69 GB
Total indexed camera duration 2:04:09.581
Total indexed LiDAR duration 2:06:43.895
Camera configuration 7 cameras reported
Camera identities observed cam_front, cam_front_left, cam_front_right, cam_front_tilted, cam_rear, cam_rear_left, cam_rear_right
Container MCAP
Camera payload H.265/HEVC Annex-B access units
LiDAR schema autonome.LidarFrame
Labels/annotations None
Authored train/validation/test split None; the manifest viewer's technical train label is not a benchmark split

Dataset structure

The repository contains original .mcap recordings plus integrity and provenance control artifacts. It does not publish MP4, Parquet media derivatives, extracted frames, point-cloud derivatives, or annotations.

README.md
manifest.jsonl
verification.json
data/
  <YYYY-MM-DD>/
    <recording>.mcap

Camera access units are stored in autonome.CompressedVideos messages and LiDAR records use autonome.LidarFrame. An H.265 access unit inside MCAP is not an MP4 file. The repository tree, MCAP summaries, embedded protobuf descriptors, and decoded values are authoritative; do not infer topology or timing from filenames alone.

Recording duration

Durations below sum each recording's indexed camera log-time span and preserve source timing. They are not wall-clock intervals between separate recordings.

Recording date MCAP files Camera duration LiDAR duration
2025-10-22 4 2:02:03.389 2:04:37.396
2025-10-23 4 0:02:06.193 0:02:06.498
Total 8 2:04:09.581 2:06:43.895

Getting started

Downloading

python -m pip install -U huggingface_hub
REPO_ID="gagandeepreehal/minuszero-indian-autonomous-driving-multicam-lidar"
hf download "$REPO_ID" --repo-type dataset --include "*.mcap" --local-dir ./multicam-lidar-mcap

Download one recording from Python:

from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download

mcap_path = hf_hub_download(
    repo_id="gagandeepreehal/minuszero-indian-autonomous-driving-multicam-lidar",
    filename="data/2025-10-22/2025-10-22_15-24-55.520.mcap",
    repo_type="dataset",
)
print(mcap_path)

Inspecting channels and messages

python -m pip install -U mcap mcap-protobuf-support
from mcap.reader import make_reader
from mcap_protobuf.decoder import DecoderFactory

path = "<path/to/recording.mcap>"
with open(path, "rb") as stream:
    reader = make_reader(stream, decoder_factories=[DecoderFactory()])
    for schema, channel, message, decoded in reader.iter_decoded_messages():
        print(schema.name, channel.topic, message.log_time, type(decoded).__name__)

Consumers should validate camera identities, array cardinality, timestamps, coordinate frames, point encoding, calibration, and codec parameter sets before use.

Channels and schema reference

Rows remain separate when the same protobuf name has a structurally different embedded descriptor. Files is unique-file coverage for that exact topic and layout; rows can overlap and must not be summed as a corpus total.

Topic Protobuf schema Descriptor Files Indexed messages
gnss autonome.Pose 6a16b4479426 8 379,511
lidar autonome.LidarFrame 4d4b9f718f6f 8 76,052
rec_cameras autonome.CompressedVideos 53bc096b3b38 8 73,567
rec_gnss autonome.Pose 6a16b4479426 8 73,567

How to read the protobuf tables

The tables below are generated from protobuf descriptors embedded in the MCAP summaries. Descriptor presence does not prove that every message populates a field. Repeated arrays can be empty or differ in length, and producer conventions govern unencoded units, coordinate frames, clock domains, calibration order, matrix layout, enums, and numeric ranges.

Complete protobuf schema layouts

autonome.CompressedVideos — descriptor 53bc096b3b38 (8 files)

Descriptor size: 1,473 bytes. Schema encoding: protobuf.

Descriptor files:

  • google/protobuf/timestamp.proto — package google.protobuf, syntax proto3, dependencies: none
  • Benchmarking.proto — package autonome, syntax proto3, dependencies: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
  • autonome/CompressedVideos.proto — package autonome, syntax proto3, dependencies: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto, Benchmarking.proto

google.protobuf.Timestamp

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 seconds optional int64 Producer field seconds; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the int64 descriptor.
2 nanos optional int32 Producer field nanos; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the int32 descriptor.

autonome.Benchmarking

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 sensor_source_time optional google.protobuf.Timestamp Producer field sensor_source_time; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the google.protobuf.Timestamp descriptor.
2 process_start_time optional google.protobuf.Timestamp Producer field process_start_time; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the google.protobuf.Timestamp descriptor.
3 data_receive_ack_time repeated google.protobuf.Timestamp Producer field data_receive_ack_time; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the google.protobuf.Timestamp descriptor.
4 publish_time optional google.protobuf.Timestamp Producer field publish_time; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the google.protobuf.Timestamp descriptor.
5 module_name optional string Producer field module_name; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the string descriptor.
6 process_id optional uint64 Producer field process_id; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the uint64 descriptor.

autonome.CompressedVideos

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 rec_frame_id optional int64 Producer field rec_frame_id; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the int64 descriptor.
2 rec_timestamp optional google.protobuf.Timestamp Recorder timestamp.
3 timestamp optional google.protobuf.Timestamp Message or sensor timestamp; its clock domain is producer-defined.
4 format optional string Producer field format; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the string descriptor.
5 frame_id optional int64 Producer field frame_id; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the int64 descriptor.
6 data repeated bytes Sensor payload bytes; interpret them using the enclosing schema and producer conventions.
7 name repeated string Producer camera or sensor identity strings; validate array cardinality per message.
14 camera_timestamp repeated google.protobuf.Timestamp Producer field camera_timestamp; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the google.protobuf.Timestamp descriptor.
8 width optional int32 Producer field width; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the int32 descriptor.
9 height optional int32 Producer field height; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the int32 descriptor.
10 number_of_cameras optional int32 Camera count reported by the producer for this message.
11 camera_intrinsic repeated autonome.CompressedVideos.CameraIntrinsic Producer field camera_intrinsic; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.CompressedVideos.CameraIntrinsic descriptor.
12 camera_extrinsic repeated autonome.CompressedVideos.CameraExtrinsic Producer field camera_extrinsic; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.CompressedVideos.CameraExtrinsic descriptor.
13 benchmarking repeated autonome.Benchmarking Producer field benchmarking; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.Benchmarking descriptor.

autonome.CompressedVideos.CameraIntrinsic

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 focal_length_x optional float Producer field focal_length_x; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
2 focal_length_y optional float Producer field focal_length_y; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
3 optical_center_x optional float Producer field optical_center_x; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
4 optical_center_y optional float Producer field optical_center_y; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
5 rmse optional float Producer field rmse; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
6 skew optional float Producer field skew; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
7 distortion_coeffs repeated double Producer field distortion_coeffs; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the double descriptor.
8 width optional float Producer field width; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
9 height optional float Producer field height; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.

autonome.CompressedVideos.CameraExtrinsic

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 rotation_vector repeated float Producer field rotation_vector; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
2 translation_vector repeated float Producer field translation_vector; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
autonome.LidarFrame — descriptor 4d4b9f718f6f (8 files)

Descriptor size: 1,622 bytes. Schema encoding: protobuf.

Descriptor files:

  • google/protobuf/timestamp.proto — package google.protobuf, syntax proto3, dependencies: none
  • Benchmarking.proto — package autonome, syntax proto3, dependencies: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
  • LidarFrame.proto — package autonome, syntax proto3, dependencies: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto, Benchmarking.proto

google.protobuf.Timestamp

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 seconds optional int64 Producer field seconds; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the int64 descriptor.
2 nanos optional int32 Producer field nanos; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the int32 descriptor.

autonome.Benchmarking

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 sensor_source_time optional google.protobuf.Timestamp Producer field sensor_source_time; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the google.protobuf.Timestamp descriptor.
2 process_start_time optional google.protobuf.Timestamp Producer field process_start_time; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the google.protobuf.Timestamp descriptor.
3 data_receive_ack_time repeated google.protobuf.Timestamp Producer field data_receive_ack_time; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the google.protobuf.Timestamp descriptor.
4 publish_time optional google.protobuf.Timestamp Producer field publish_time; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the google.protobuf.Timestamp descriptor.
5 module_name optional string Producer field module_name; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the string descriptor.
6 process_id optional uint64 Producer field process_id; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the uint64 descriptor.

autonome.LidarFrame

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 frame_id optional int64 Producer field frame_id; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the int64 descriptor.
2 timestamp optional google.protobuf.Timestamp Message or sensor timestamp; its clock domain is producer-defined.
3 column_timestamps repeated uint64 Producer field column_timestamps; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the uint64 descriptor.
10 columns_per_frame optional uint32 Producer field columns_per_frame; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the uint32 descriptor.
11 pixels_per_column optional uint32 Producer field pixels_per_column; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the uint32 descriptor.
12 rings optional uint32 Producer field rings; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the uint32 descriptor.
13 lidar_mode optional string Producer field lidar_mode; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the string descriptor.
14 udp_profile_lidar optional string Producer field udp_profile_lidar; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the string descriptor.
20 compression optional autonome.LidarFrame.Compression Producer field compression; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.LidarFrame.Compression descriptor.
21 points_bin optional bytes Producer field points_bin; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the bytes descriptor.
30 beam_intrinsics optional autonome.LidarFrame.BeamIntrinsics Producer field beam_intrinsics; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.LidarFrame.BeamIntrinsics descriptor.
31 lidar_intrinsics optional autonome.LidarFrame.LidarIntrinsics Producer field lidar_intrinsics; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.LidarFrame.LidarIntrinsics descriptor.
40 metadata_json optional string Producer field metadata_json; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the string descriptor.
41 config_json optional string Producer field config_json; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the string descriptor.
50 minimal_config optional autonome.LidarFrame.MinimalConfig Producer field minimal_config; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.LidarFrame.MinimalConfig descriptor.
60 benchmarking repeated autonome.Benchmarking Producer field benchmarking; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.Benchmarking descriptor.

Enum autonome.LidarFrame.Compression

Number Value
0 NONE
1 ZSTD

autonome.LidarFrame.BeamIntrinsics

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 beam_altitude_angles repeated float Producer field beam_altitude_angles; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
2 beam_azimuth_angles repeated float Producer field beam_azimuth_angles; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
3 beam_to_lidar_transform repeated float Producer field beam_to_lidar_transform; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
4 lidar_origin_to_beam_origin_mm optional float Producer field lidar_origin_to_beam_origin_mm; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.

autonome.LidarFrame.LidarIntrinsics

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 lidar_to_sensor_transform repeated float Producer field lidar_to_sensor_transform; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.

autonome.LidarFrame.MinimalConfig

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 timestamp_mode optional string Producer field timestamp_mode; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the string descriptor.
2 udp_port_lidar optional uint32 Producer field udp_port_lidar; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the uint32 descriptor.
3 udp_port_imu optional uint32 Producer field udp_port_imu; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the uint32 descriptor.
4 udp_dest optional string Producer field udp_dest; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the string descriptor.
5 azimuth_window repeated int32 Producer field azimuth_window; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the int32 descriptor.
autonome.Pose — descriptor 6a16b4479426 (8 files)

Descriptor size: 2,222 bytes. Schema encoding: protobuf.

Descriptor files:

  • google/protobuf/timestamp.proto — package google.protobuf, syntax proto3, dependencies: none
  • Pose.proto — package autonome, syntax proto3, dependencies: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto

google.protobuf.Timestamp

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 seconds optional int64 Producer field seconds; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the int64 descriptor.
2 nanos optional int32 Producer field nanos; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the int32 descriptor.

autonome.Pose

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 rec_frame_id optional int64 Producer field rec_frame_id; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the int64 descriptor.
2 rec_timestamp optional google.protobuf.Timestamp Recorder timestamp.
3 timestamp optional google.protobuf.Timestamp Message or sensor timestamp; its clock domain is producer-defined.
4 time_utc optional google.protobuf.Timestamp UTC timestamp reported by the producer.
5 frame_id optional uint64 Producer field frame_id; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the uint64 descriptor.
6 position_type_info optional autonome.Pose.PositionTypeInfo Producer field position_type_info; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.Pose.PositionTypeInfo descriptor.
7 lat_lon_ht optional autonome.Pose.LatLonHt Producer field lat_lon_ht; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.Pose.LatLonHt descriptor.
8 enu optional autonome.Pose.ENU Producer field enu; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.Pose.ENU descriptor.
9 local_lat_lon_ht optional autonome.Pose.LocalLatLonHt Producer field local_lat_lon_ht; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.Pose.LocalLatLonHt descriptor.
10 local_enu optional autonome.Pose.LocalENU Producer field local_enu; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.Pose.LocalENU descriptor.
11 velocity optional autonome.Pose.Velocity Producer field velocity; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.Pose.Velocity descriptor.
12 orientation optional autonome.Pose.Orientation Producer field orientation; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.Pose.Orientation descriptor.
13 orientation_error optional autonome.Pose.OrientationError Producer field orientation_error; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.Pose.OrientationError descriptor.
14 position_error optional autonome.Pose.PositionError Producer field position_error; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.Pose.PositionError descriptor.
15 vehicle_ref_pt optional autonome.Pose.VehicleReferencePoint Producer field vehicle_ref_pt; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.Pose.VehicleReferencePoint descriptor.
16 is_valid optional bool Producer field is_valid; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the bool descriptor.
17 re_init optional bool Producer field re_init; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the bool descriptor.

Enum autonome.Pose.SpatialReferenceSystem

Number Value
0 SRS_UNKNOWN
1 SRS_WEB_MERCATOR
2 SRS_WORLD_MERCATOR

Enum autonome.Pose.VehicleReferencePoint

Number Value
0 REF_UNKNOWN
1 REF_ANTENNA_FRONT
2 REF_ANTENNA_REAR
3 REF_IMU
4 REF_WHEEL_AXLE_FRONT
5 REF_WHEEL_AXLE_REAR
6 REF_CAMERA_FRONT
7 REF_CAMERA_REAR
8 REF_LIDAR

autonome.Pose.PositionTypeInfo

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 rtk_condition optional uint32 Producer field rtk_condition; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the uint32 descriptor.
2 correction_age_s optional float Value in seconds.
3 position_fix_type optional uint32 Producer field position_fix_type; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the uint32 descriptor.

autonome.Pose.LatLonHt

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 latitude_deg optional double Angle or geographic coordinate in degrees.
2 longitude_deg optional double Angle or geographic coordinate in degrees.
3 height_m optional double Value in metres.

autonome.Pose.ENU

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 east_m optional double Value in metres.
2 north_m optional double Value in metres.
3 up_m optional double Value in metres.
4 ref_system_type optional autonome.Pose.SpatialReferenceSystem Producer field ref_system_type; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the autonome.Pose.SpatialReferenceSystem descriptor.

autonome.Pose.LocalLatLonHt

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 local_datum_id optional string Producer field local_datum_id; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the string descriptor.
2 latitude_deg optional double Angle or geographic coordinate in degrees.
3 longitude_deg optional double Angle or geographic coordinate in degrees.
4 height_m optional double Value in metres.

autonome.Pose.LocalENU

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 local_east_m optional double Value in metres.
2 local_north_m optional double Value in metres.
3 local_datum_height_m optional double Value in metres.

autonome.Pose.Velocity

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 east_mps optional double Value in metres per second.
2 north_mps optional double Value in metres per second.
3 up_mps optional double Value in metres per second.

autonome.Pose.Orientation

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 roll_rad optional double Angle in radians.
2 pitch_rad optional double Angle in radians.
3 yaw_rad optional double Angle in radians.

autonome.Pose.OrientationError

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 pitch_variance_rad2 optional double Variance or squared angle in radians squared.
2 yaw_variance_rad2 optional double Variance or squared angle in radians squared.
3 roll_variance_rad2 optional double Variance or squared angle in radians squared.

autonome.Pose.PositionError

No. Field Cardinality Protobuf type Information available
1 position_rms optional double Producer field position_rms; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the double descriptor.
2 east_sigma_m optional double Value in metres.
3 north_sigma_m optional double Value in metres.
4 up_sigma_m optional double Value in metres.
5 covariance_en optional double Producer field covariance_en; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the double descriptor.
6 pdop optional float Producer field pdop; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
7 hdop optional float Producer field hdop; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.
8 vdop optional float Producer field vdop; units, range, and semantics are not further encoded by the float descriptor.

Dataset Viewer

MCAP is a robotics log container, so embedded camera video and LiDAR are not natively previewable on the Hub. The configured manifest.jsonl appears in Data Studio as an 8-row technical train split indexing repository paths, hashes, ETags, and sizes only. Download the MCAP files and use MCAP-aware tools locally.

Intended uses

Appropriate non-commercial uses include:

  • multicamera and LiDAR perception or sensor-fusion research;
  • robotics and MCAP reader development;
  • H.265 extraction, indexing, synchronization, or remuxing experiments;
  • LiDAR parsing, timing, calibration, and point-cloud tooling;
  • non-commercial teaching, demonstrations, and personal projects.

The dataset is not validated for production driving systems, operational safety decisions, surveillance, identity recognition, or unsupported benchmark claims.

Limitations and known risks

  • The dataset is unannotated and does not provide benchmark ground truth.
  • Geographic, environmental, temporal, traffic, route, and hardware coverage may be uneven.
  • Frames or LiDAR packets can be missing, delayed, duplicated, corrupted, or irregularly spaced.
  • Camera and LiDAR streams can start or stop at different times; synchronize with source timestamps rather than array position or decoded index.
  • Calibration and protobuf schema versions can differ between recordings.
  • H.265 decoding support varies by platform and software build.
  • Channel presence does not guarantee that every field is populated; validate each recording.
  • LiDAR point encoding, units, axis ordering, handedness, coordinate frames, clock domains, and transforms are producer-defined unless the embedded descriptor states otherwise. Do not infer a hardware-trigger guarantee. See the sensor and timing conventions.

Privacy and responsible use

Recordings may have been captured in public-road environments and may incidentally contain people, faces, vehicle registration plates, residences, businesses, road signs, or precise GNSS/location traces. Do not assume that the data is anonymized.

Users are responsible for applicable privacy, data-protection, publicity, export-control, and local recording laws. Avoid re-identification, tracking individuals, exposing sensitive locations, or combining this dataset with external data in ways that increase privacy risk.

Do not post identifying evidence in a public discussion. Report sensitive, unlawful, or improperly included material privately through the Minus Zero contact form or by email to team@minuszero.ai, using the subject Dataset privacy or takedown request. Include the repository, recording_id or path when known, and enough information to locate the material. The recording-level removal policy applies across all four releases.

License

This dataset is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). Attribution is required and commercial use is prohibited. Sharing and adaptation are permitted for non-commercial purposes under the license terms. This card does not replace the license text, and other rights such as privacy, publicity, or trademark rights may still apply.

Citation

@dataset{minuszero_indian_autonomous_driving_multicam_lidar_2026,
  author    = {Gagandeep Reehal},
  title     = {Minus Zero Indian Urban Autonomous Driving Dataset - Multicamera LiDAR},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  url       = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/gagandeepreehal/minuszero-indian-autonomous-driving-multicam-lidar}
}

Maintenance

Use repository discussions for non-sensitive dataset questions and corrections. Use the private contact route above for privacy and takedown reports.

Consumers should pin an immutable commit revision when reproducibility matters.

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