Datasets:

s0u9ata
/

security-kg

subject stringlengths 5 9	predicate stringclasses 21 values	object stringlengths 2 4.68k	source stringclasses 1 value	object_type stringclasses 6 values	meta stringlengths 0 10.5k
C0001	created	2022-09-07 13:40:09.750000+00:00	attack	date
C0001	description	[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001) was described by security researchers as a highly-targeted campaign conducted by moderately sophisticated and highly resourceful threat actors in early 2019. The unidentified actors primarily relied on open source tools, including [Empire](https://attack.mitre.or...	attack	string
C0001	domain	enterprise-attack	attack	string
C0001	modified	2025-04-16 20:37:47.239000+00:00	attack	date
C0001	name	Frankenstein	attack	string
C0001	rdf:type	Campaign	attack	enum	{"version":"1.1","external_references":[{"url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html","source_name":"Talos Frankenstein June 2019","description":"Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrie...
C0001	url	https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001	attack	url
C0001	uses	T1057	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) to obtain a list of all running processes.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1082	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) to obtain the compromised machine's name.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1027.010	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors ran encoded commands from the command line.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1020	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors collected information via [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363), which was automatically sent back to the adversary's C2.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	S0363	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001) the threat actors used [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) for discovery.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1053.005	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors established persistence through a scheduled task using the command: `/Create /F /SC DAILY /ST 09:00 /TN WinUpdate /TR`, named \"WinUpdate\" (Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1204.002	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors relied on a victim to enable macros within a malicious Microsoft Word document likely sent via email.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1566.001	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors likely used spearphishing emails to send malicious Microsoft Word documents.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1105	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors downloaded files and tools onto a victim machine.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1059.001	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used PowerShell to run a series of Base64-encoded commands that acted as a stager and enumerated hosts.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1518.001	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used WMI queries to determine if analysis tools were running on a compromised system.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1059.005	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used Word documents that prompted the victim to enable macros and run a Visual Basic script.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1071.001	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used HTTP GET requests for C2.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1221	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used trojanized documents that retrieved remote templates from an adversary-controlled website.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1203	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors exploited CVE-2017-11882 to execute code on the victim's machine.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1059.003	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors ran a command script to set up persistence as a scheduled task named \"WinUpdate\", as well as other encoded commands from the command-line (Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1497.001	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used a script that ran WMI queries to check if a VM or sandbox was running, including VMWare and Virtualbox. The script would also call WMI to determine the number of cores allocated to the system; if less than two the sc...
C0001	uses	T1047	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used WMI queries to check if various security applications were running as well as to determine the operating system version.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1119	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) to automatically gather the username, domain name, machine name, and other system information.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1036.004	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors named a malicious scheduled task \"WinUpdate\" for persistence.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1005	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) to gather various local system information.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1041	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors collected information via [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363), which sent the data back to the adversary's C2.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1016	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) to find the public IP address of a compromised system.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1140	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors deobfuscated Base64-encoded commands following the execution of a malicious script, which revealed a small script designed to obtain an additional payload.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1588.002	attack	id	{"description":"For [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors obtained and used [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363).(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1127.001	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used MSbuild to execute an actor-created file.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1033	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors used [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) to enumerate hosts and gather username, machine name, and administrative permissions information.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0001	uses	T1573.001	attack	id	{"description":"During [Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0001), the threat actors communicated with C2 via an encrypted RC4 byte stream and AES-CBC.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)"}
C0002	created	2022-09-08 13:31:37.391000+00:00	attack	date
C0002	description	[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002) was a cyber espionage campaign that targeted oil, energy, and petrochemical companies, along with individuals and executives in Kazakhstan, Taiwan, Greece, and the United States. The unidentified threat actors searched for information related to oil and gas field...	attack	string
C0002	domain	enterprise-attack	attack	string
C0002	modified	2024-04-11 00:36:23.822000+00:00	attack	date
C0002	name	Night Dragon	attack	string
C0002	rdf:type	Campaign	attack	enum	{"version":"1.1","external_references":[{"url":"https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf","source_name":"McAfee Night Dragon","description":"McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). ...
C0002	url	https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002	attack	url
C0002	uses	T1078.002	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used domain accounts to gain further access to victim systems.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	S0008	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) to dump account hashes.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1608.001	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors uploaded commonly available hacker tools to compromised web servers.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1588.001	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used Trojans from underground hacker websites.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	S0073	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors deployed [ASPXSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0073) on compromised web servers.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	S0350	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used [zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) to generate Trojan variants, control victim machines, and exfiltrate data.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1566.002	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors sent spearphishing emails containing links to compromised websites where malware was downloaded.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1204.001	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors enticed users to click on links in spearphishing emails to download malware.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1133	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used compromised VPN accounts to gain access to victim systems.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1005	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), the threat actors collected files and other data from compromised systems.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1059.003	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used [zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) to establish full remote control of the connected machine and run command-line shells.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1027.002	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used software packing in its tools.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1190	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used SQL injection exploits against extranet web servers to gain access.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1078	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used compromised VPN accounts to gain access to victim systems.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1027.013	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used a DLL that included an XOR-encoded section.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1033	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used password cracking and pass-the-hash tools to discover usernames and passwords.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1588.002	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors obtained and used tools such as [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008).(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1112	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used [zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) to establish full remote control of the connected machine and manipulate the Registry.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1003.002	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors dumped account hashes using [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008).(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1071.001	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used HTTP for C2.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1114.001	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used RAT malware to exfiltrate email archives.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1008	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used company extranet servers as secondary C2 servers.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	S0110	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) to execute droppers.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1685	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors disabled anti-virus and anti-spyware tools in some instances on the victim\u2019s machines. The actors also disabled proxy settings to allow direct communication from victims to the Internet.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1083	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used [zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) to establish full remote control of the connected machine and browse the victim file system.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1583.004	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors purchased hosted services to use for C2.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	S0029	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) to remotely execute droppers.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1550.002	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used pass-the-hash tools to obtain authenticated access to sensitive internal desktops and servers.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1219	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used several remote administration tools as persistent infiltration channels.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1110.002	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used Cain & Abel to crack password hashes.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1584.004	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors compromised web servers to use for C2.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1568	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used dynamic DNS services for C2.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1105	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors used administrative utilities to deliver Trojan components to remote systems.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0002	uses	T1074.002	attack	id	{"description":"During [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002), threat actors copied files to company web servers and subsequently downloaded them.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"}
C0004	created	2022-09-15 17:25:38.020000+00:00	attack	date
C0004	description	[CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004) was a suspected hacker-for-hire cyber espionage campaign that targeted multiple industries worldwide, with a large number being financial institutions. [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004) actors targeted organizations in Europe, the Americas, Asi...	attack	string
C0004	domain	enterprise-attack	attack	string
C0004	modified	2025-04-16 20:37:46.418000+00:00	attack	date
C0004	name	CostaRicto	attack	string
C0004	rdf:type	Campaign	attack	enum	{"version":"1.0","external_references":[{"url":"https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced","source_name":"BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020","description":"The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team. (2020, November 12). The CostaRicto Campaign: Cyber-Espionage Outs...
C0004	url	https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004	attack	url
C0004	uses	S0194	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), threat actors used [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s `Invoke-ReflectivePEInjection` module.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)"}
C0004	uses	T1046	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), the threat actors employed nmap and pscan to scan target environments.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020) "}
C0004	uses	T1105	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), the threat actors downloaded malware and tools onto a compromised host.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)"}
C0004	uses	T1090.003	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), the threat actors used a layer of proxies to manage C2 communications.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020) "}
C0004	uses	S0183	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), threat actors used C2 servers managed through [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183).(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)"}
C0004	uses	S0615	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), threat actors used [SombRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0615) in conjuction with [CostaBricks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0614) and [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194).(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto Novem...
C0004	uses	T1053.005	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), the threat actors used scheduled tasks to download backdoor tools.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020) "}
C0004	uses	S0029	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), threat actors used [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029).(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)"}
C0004	uses	T1588.002	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), the threat actors obtained open source tools to use in their operations.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020) "}
C0004	uses	S0614	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), threat actors used a custom VM-based payload loader named [CostaBricks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0614).(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)"}
C0004	uses	T1133	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), the threat actors set up remote tunneling using an SSH tool to maintain access to a compromised environment.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)"}
C0004	uses	T1583.001	attack	id	{"description":"For [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), the threat actors established domains, some of which appeared to spoof legitimate domains.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)"}
C0004	uses	T1587.001	attack	id	{"description":"For [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), the threat actors used custom malware, including [PS1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0613), [CostaBricks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0614), and [SombRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0615).(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto Nov...
C0004	uses	T1005	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), the threat actors collected data and files from compromised networks.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)"}
C0004	uses	S0613	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), threat actors used the 64-bit backdoor loader [PS1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0613).(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)"}
C0004	uses	T1572	attack	id	{"description":"During [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004), the threat actors set up remote SSH tunneling into the victim's environment from a malicious domain.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020) "}
C0005	created	2022-09-16 15:32:41.893000+00:00	attack	date

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

Security Knowledge Graph Triples

Security data from 24 sources represented as Subject-Predicate-Object (SPO) triples in Parquet format, ready for knowledge-graph construction, graph-ML, RAG pipelines, and threat-intelligence analysis.

Sources: ATT&CK · CAPEC · CWE · CVE · CPE · D3FEND · ATLAS · CAR · ENGAGE · F3 · EPSS · KEV · Vulnrichment · GHSA · Sigma · ExploitDB · MISP Galaxies · LOLBAS · LOLDrivers · Atomic Red Team · NIST 800-53 · Nuclei · EUVD · OSV

Last updated: 2026-06-29T10:55:32Z

Quick Start

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("s0u9ata/security-kg", "enterprise")
print(ds["train"][0])
# {'subject': 'T1059.001', 'predicate': 'rdf:type', 'object': 'Technique', 'source': 'attack', 'object_type': 'enum', 'meta': ''}

Configurations

Config	Description	Est. Triples	Status
`enterprise` (default)	Enterprise ATT&CK	43,739	Current
`mobile`	Mobile ATT&CK	5,579	Current
`ics`	ICS ATT&CK	4,266	Current
`attack-all`	ATT&CK combined (deduplicated)	51,907	Current
`capec`	CAPEC attack patterns	8,114	Current
`cwe`	CWE weaknesses	14,583	Current
`cve`	CVE vulnerabilities	3,833,845	Current
`cpe`	CPE platform enumeration	13,394,728	Last good version
`d3fend`	D3FEND defensive techniques	8,154	Current
`atlas`	ATLAS AI/ML techniques	1,373	Current
`car`	CAR analytics	1,617	Current
`engage`	ENGAGE adversary engagement	1,464	Current
`f3`	F3 fraud techniques & tactics	1,053	Current
`epss`	EPSS exploit prediction scores	687,748	Current
`kev`	KEV known exploited vulns	17,850	Current
`vulnrichment`	CISA Vulnrichment (SSVC, CVSS, CWE enrichment)	1,507,610	Current
`ghsa`	GitHub Security Advisories	375,566	Current
`sigma`	Sigma detection rules	33,294	Current
`exploitdb`	ExploitDB public exploits	347,133	Current
`misp_galaxy`	MISP Galaxy threat intelligence clusters	203,307	Current
`lolbas`	LOLBAS living-off-the-land binaries	3,687	Current
`loldrivers`	LOLDrivers vulnerable/malicious drivers	11,646	Current
`atomic`	Atomic Red Team test definitions	11,024	Current
`nist_800_53`	NIST 800-53 → ATT&CK control mappings	4,786	Current
`nuclei`	Nuclei vulnerability detection templates	98,410	Current
`euvd`	EUVD European vulnerability database	4,899	Current
`osv`	OSV open-source vulnerabilities (23 ecosystems)	6,864,251	Current
`combined`	All sources merged (deduplicated)	27,488,049	Current

Note: cpe failed conversion and uses its last known good version. The combined config includes this fallback version.

Knowledge Graph Structure

     Group  Campaign
        \      /
          uses
           |
           v
      TECHNIQUE -----> Tactic
        ^  ^  ^
        |  |  |
        |  |  +-- D3FEND (counters)
        |  |  +-- CAR (detects)
        |  |  +-- Sigma (detects)
        |  |  +-- ENGAGE (engages)
        |  |  +-- F3 (fraud techniques)
        |  |  +-- ATLAS (related)
        |  |  +-- MISP Galaxies (cross-refs)
        |  |  +-- LOLBAS (maps-to)
        |  |  +-- LOLDrivers (maps-to)
        |  |  +-- Atomic Red Team (tests)
        |  |  +-- NIST 800-53 (mitigates)
        |  |
        |  +-- Mitigation (mitigates)
        |  +-- DataComponent (detects)
        |
        +-- maps-to -- CAPEC
                         |
                  related-weakness
                         |
                         v
                        CWE
                         ^
                         |
                  related-weakness
                         |
                        CVE ----> CPE
                         ^
                         |
                   EPSS (score)
                   KEV (exploited)
                   GHSA (advisory)
                   Vulnrichment (SSVC)
                   ExploitDB (exploit)
                   Nuclei (detection template)
                   EUVD (EU advisory)
                   OSV (open-source vuln)

Schema

Each row is an enriched triple with six string columns:

Column	Description	Examples
`subject`	Entity ID	`T1059.001`, `G0016`, `CAPEC-66`, `CWE-79`, `CVE-2024-1234`, `cpe:2.3:a:apache:httpd:*`, `D3-FE`, `AML.T0000`, `CAR-2024-01-001`, `EAC0001`, `GHSA-xxxx-yyyy-zzzz`, `EDB-16929`, `Msbuild.exe`, `EUVD-2025-4893`, `AC-2`, `PYSEC-2024-1234`
`predicate`	Property name or relationship type	`rdf:type`, `name`, `uses`, `mitigates`, `epss-score`, `counters`, `ssvc-exploitation`, `exploits-cve`, `detects-technique`
`object`	Value or target entity ID	`Technique`, `PowerShell`, `T1059`, `CWE-89`, `0.97500`, `SecurityAdvisory`, `SigmaRule`, `Exploit`
`source`	Originating dataset	`attack`, `cve`, `cwe`, `capec`, `epss`, `kev`, `ghsa`, `sigma`, `d3fend`, `atlas`, `car`, `engage`, `f3`, `cpe`, `vulnrichment`, `exploitdb`, `misp_galaxy`, `lolbas`, `loldrivers`, `atomic`, `nist_800_53`, `nuclei`, `euvd`, `osv`
`object_type`	Value type of the object	`string`, `id`, `enum`, `date`, `number`, `boolean`, `url`
`meta`	Supplemental JSON metadata (empty string if none)	`{"references":["https://..."],"credits":[...]}`, `{"cvss_vector":"...","cvss_version":"3.1"}`

Predicate Reference

ATT&CK Entity Properties

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	Entity type	`Technique`, `Group`, `Malware`, `Tool`, `Tactic`, `Mitigation`, `Campaign`, `DataSource`, `DataComponent`
`name`	Display name	`PowerShell`
`description`	Full description text	`Adversaries may abuse PowerShell...`
`platform`	Applicable platform	`Windows`, `Linux`, `macOS`
`domain`	ATT&CK domain	`enterprise-attack`
`alias`	Alternative name	`Cozy Bear`
`is-subtechnique`	Whether entity is a sub-technique	`True`, `False`
`belongs-to-tactic`	Tactic ATT&CK ID	`TA0002`
`shortname`	Tactic shortname	`credential-access`
`url`	ATT&CK website URL	`https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001`
`created` / `modified`	Timestamps	`2020-01-14 17:18:32...`

ATT&CK Relationship Predicates

Predicate	Typical subject / object	Example
`uses`	Group/Campaign/Software / Technique	`G0016 / T1059.001`
`mitigates`	Mitigation / Technique	`M1049 / T1059.001`
`subtechnique-of`	Sub-technique / Parent technique	`T1059.001 / T1059`
`detects`	DataComponent / Technique	`DC0001 / T1059.001`
`attributed-to`	Campaign / Group	`C0018 / G0016`

CAPEC Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`AttackPattern`	`AttackPattern`
`name` / `description`	Display name / full text	`SQL Injection`
`abstraction` / `status`	Level / status	`Standard`, `Stable`
`likelihood` / `severity`	Attack likelihood / severity	`High`
`child-of`	Parent attack pattern	`CAPEC-248`
`related-weakness`	Related CWE	`CWE-89`
`maps-to-technique`	Mapped ATT&CK technique	`T1190.002`

CWE Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`Weakness`	`Weakness`
`name` / `description`	Display name / full text	`Cross-site Scripting (XSS)`
`abstraction` / `status`	Level / status	`Base`, `Stable`
`likelihood-of-exploit`	Exploitation likelihood	`High`
`child-of`	Parent weakness	`CWE-74`
`related-attack-pattern`	Related CAPEC	`CAPEC-86`
`platform`	Applicable platform	`JavaScript`
`consequence-scope` / `consequence-impact`	Impact	`Confidentiality`, `Read Data`
`introduction-phase`	Introduction phase	`Implementation`

CVE Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`Vulnerability`	`Vulnerability`
`state`	CVE state	`PUBLISHED`
`description`	English description	`A remote code execution...`
`date-published` / `date-updated`	Timestamps	`2024-01-15T00:00:00.000Z`
`assigner`	Assigning organization	`microsoft`
`vendor` / `product`	Affected vendor/product	`Microsoft`, `Windows`
`affects-cpe`	Affected CPE string	`cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:*`
`platform`	Affected platform	`x64`
`related-weakness`	Related CWE	`CWE-79`
`cvss-base-score` / `cvss-severity`	CVSS metrics	`9.8`, `CRITICAL`

CPE Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`Platform`	`Platform`
`part`	CPE part type	`application`, `operating_system`, `hardware`
`vendor` / `product` / `version`	Components	`apache`, `httpd`, `2.4.51`
`title`	English display name	`Apache HTTP Server 2.4.51`
`created` / `modified`	Timestamps	`2021-10-07`

D3FEND Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`DefensiveTechnique` or `OffensiveTechnique`	`DefensiveTechnique`
`name` / `definition`	Display name / definition	`File Encryption`
`synonym`	Alternative name	`Disk Encryption`
`child-of`	Parent technique	`PlatformHardening`
`counters`	Countered offensive technique	`T1059`

ATLAS Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`Tactic`, `Technique`, `CaseStudy`, `Mitigation`	`Technique`
`name` / `description`	Display name / full text	`ML Supply Chain Compromise`
`maturity`	Technique maturity	`Reviewed`
`belongs-to-tactic`	Parent tactic	`AML.TA0001`
`subtechnique-of`	Parent technique	`AML.T0000`
`related-attack-technique`	Linked ATT&CK technique	`T1195`
`related-attack-tactic`	Linked ATT&CK tactic	`TA0001`
`uses-technique`	Case study technique	`AML.T0000`
`mitigates`	Mitigated technique	`AML.T0000`

CAR Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`Analytic`	`Analytic`
`title` / `description`	Analytic name / full text	`Suspicious PowerShell Commands`
`platform`	Applicable platform	`Windows`
`information-domain`	Information domain	`Host`
`analytic-type`	Type of analytic	`Situational Awareness`
`detects-technique`	Detected ATT&CK technique	`T1059`
`detects-subtechnique`	Detected subtechnique	`T1059.001`
`covers-tactic`	Covered ATT&CK tactic	`Execution`
`maps-to-d3fend`	Linked D3FEND technique	`D3-PSA`

ENGAGE Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`EngagementActivity` or `AdversaryVulnerability`	`EngagementActivity`
`name` / `description`	Display name / full text	`Software Manipulation`
`engages-technique`	Engaged ATT&CK technique	`T1001`
`vulnerability-of`	ATT&CK technique this adversary vulnerability applies to	`T1001`
`addresses-vulnerability`	Addressed adversary vulnerability	`EAV0001`

F3 Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`Tactic` or `Technique`	`Technique`
`name` / `description`	Display name / full text	`Account Takeover`
`shortname`	Tactic shortname	`positioning`, `monetization`
`is-subtechnique`	Whether entity is a sub-technique	`true`
`belongs-to-tactic`	Parent tactic	`FA0001`
`subtechnique-of`	Parent technique	`F1001`
`url`	F3 website URL	`https://ctid.mitre.org/fraud/techniques/F1001`
`created` / `modified`	Timestamps	`2026-04-02T19:15:57.686Z`

EPSS Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`epss-score`	Exploit probability (0-1)	`0.97500`
`epss-percentile`	Score percentile (0-1)	`0.99900`

KEV Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`KnownExploitedVulnerability`	`KnownExploitedVulnerability`
`kev-vendor` / `kev-product`	Affected vendor/product	`Microsoft`, `Windows`
`kev-name` / `kev-description`	Vulnerability name/description	`Windows Privilege Escalation`
`kev-date-added` / `kev-due-date`	Dates	`2024-01-15`
`kev-required-action`	Required remediation action	`Apply updates per vendor instructions.`
`kev-ransomware-use`	Ransomware campaign use	`Known`, `Unknown`
`related-weakness`	Related CWE	`CWE-269`

Vulnrichment Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`ssvc-exploitation`	SSVC exploitation status	`active`, `poc`, `none`
`ssvc-automatable`	Whether exploitation is automatable	`yes`, `no`
`ssvc-technical-impact`	Technical impact level	`total`, `partial`
`adp-cvss-base-score`	CISA-analyzed CVSS base score	`9.8`
`adp-cvss-severity`	CISA-analyzed CVSS severity	`CRITICAL`
`adp-related-weakness`	CISA-assigned CWE	`CWE-79`
`adp-affects-cpe`	CISA-assigned CPE	`cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:*`

GHSA Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`SecurityAdvisory`	`SecurityAdvisory`
`summary`	Advisory summary	`XSS vulnerability in example-package`
`date-published` / `date-modified`	Timestamps	`2024-01-15T00:00:00Z`
`severity`	Severity level	`HIGH`, `MODERATE`, `LOW`, `CRITICAL`
`related-cve`	Associated CVE	`CVE-2024-1234`
`related-weakness`	Associated CWE	`CWE-79`
`cvss-vector`	CVSS v3 vector string	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/...`
`affects-package`	Affected package (ecosystem/name)	`npm/example-package`
`fixed-in`	Fixed version for package (ecosystem/name@version)	`npm/example-package@2.0.1`

Sigma Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`SigmaRule`	`SigmaRule`
`title` / `description`	Rule name / full text	`Suspicious PowerShell Download`
`status`	Rule maturity	`stable`, `test`, `experimental`
`level`	Detection severity	`critical`, `high`, `medium`, `low`, `informational`
`author` / `date`	Rule author / creation date	`Security Researcher`, `2024-01-15`
`logsource-category`	Log source category	`process_creation`, `network_connection`
`logsource-product`	Log source product	`windows`, `linux`
`logsource-service`	Log source service	`sshd`, `sysmon`
`detects-technique`	Detected ATT&CK technique	`T1059.001`
`related-cve`	Related CVE	`CVE-2024-1234`

ExploitDB Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`Exploit`	`Exploit`
`description`	Exploit description	`Apache HTTP Server RCE`
`date-published`	Publication date	`2024-01-15`
`author`	Exploit author	`Metasploit`
`exploit-type`	Exploit category	`remote`, `local`, `dos`, `webapps`
`platform`	Target platform	`linux`, `windows`, `aix`
`verified`	Verified by OffSec	`True`
`exploits-cve`	Exploited CVE	`CVE-2024-1234`

MISP Galaxy Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	Galaxy entity type	`ThreatActor`, `Ransomware`, `Botnet`, `RAT`
`name`	Display name	`APT1`
`description`	Full description	(text)
`galaxy`	Galaxy cluster type	`threat-actor`, `ransomware`
`synonym`	Alternative name	`Comment Crew`
`country`	Country code (ISO 3166-1)	`CN`
`cfr-suspected-state-sponsor`	Suspected state sponsor	`China`
`targets-country`	Targeted country	`United States`
`targets-sector`	Targeted sector	`Government`
`attribution-confidence`	Confidence level	`50`
`similar-to`	Similar/duplicate entity	`misp:<uuid>`
`uses`	Uses technique/tool	`misp:<uuid>`
`used-by`	Used by actor	`misp:<uuid>`
`variant-of`	Variant relationship	`misp:<uuid>`
`targets`	Targets entity	`misp:<uuid>`
`attributed-to`	Attributed to entity	`misp:<uuid>`
`misp-related`	Generic relationship	`misp:<uuid>`
`related-attack-id`	Cross-link to ATT&CK	`T1059.001`, `G0006`

LOLBAS Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`LOLBinary`	`LOLBinary`
`name`	Binary display name	`Msbuild.exe`
`description`	Binary description	`Used to compile and execute code`
`maps-to-technique`	Mapped ATT&CK technique	`T1127.001`
`category`	Use category	`Execute`, `Download`
`usecase`	Use case description	`Compile and run code`
`privileges`	Required privileges	`User`
`platform`	Target platform	`Windows`
`full-path`	File system path	`C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\...`

LOLDrivers Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`LOLDriver`	`LOLDriver`
`name`	Driver name	`RTCore64.sys`
`category`	Driver category	`vulnerable driver`, `malicious driver`
`maps-to-technique`	Mapped ATT&CK technique	`T1068`
`usecase`	Use case description	`Exploits`
`privileges`	Required privileges	`kernel`
`platform`	Target platform	`Windows`
`sha256` / `sha1` / `md5`	Sample hashes	`01...af`
`vendor` / `product`	Driver vendor/product	`Micro-Star Int'l Co.`, `RTCore64`

Atomic Red Team Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`AtomicTest`	`AtomicTest`
`name`	Test name	`Mimikatz - Cred Dump`
`description`	Test description	`Runs Mimikatz to dump credentials`
`tests-technique`	Tested ATT&CK technique	`T1003.001`
`platform`	Supported platform	`windows`, `linux`, `macos`
`executor`	Execution method	`powershell`, `sh`, `command_prompt`

NIST 800-53 Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`SecurityControl`	`SecurityControl`
`name`	Control name	`Account Management`
`description`	Control description	`Manage system accounts...`
`control-family`	Control family	`AC`, `SI`, `AU`
`mitigates-technique`	Mitigated ATT&CK technique	`T1078`

Nuclei Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`NucleiTemplate`	`NucleiTemplate`
`name`	Template name	`Apache Struts2 RCE`
`description`	Template description	`Detects Apache Struts2 RCE...`
`severity`	Detection severity	`critical`, `high`, `medium`, `low`, `info`
`author`	Template author	`pdteam`
`related-weakness`	Related CWE	`CWE-94`
`related-cve`	Related CVE	`CVE-2023-1234`
`cvss-base-score`	CVSS base score	`9.8`
`cvss-vector`	CVSS vector string	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/...`

EUVD Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`EUVulnerability`	`EUVulnerability`
`description`	Vulnerability description	`A remote code execution...`
`date-published`	Publication date	`2025-01-15`
`cvss-base-score`	CVSS base score	`9.8`
`cvss-vector`	CVSS vector string	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/...`
`epss-score`	EPSS score	`0.95`
`related-cve`	Related CVE	`CVE-2025-1234`
`vendor` / `product`	Affected vendor/product	`Apache`, `HTTP Server`

OSV Predicates

Predicate	Description	Example object value
`rdf:type`	`OSVulnerability`	`OSVulnerability`
`summary`	Vulnerability summary	`XSS in example-package`
`date-published` / `date-modified`	Timestamps	`2024-01-15T00:00:00Z`
`related-cve`	Related CVE	`CVE-2024-1234`
`related-weakness`	Related CWE	`CWE-79`
`affects-package`	Affected package (ecosystem/name)	`PyPI/requests`
`ecosystem`	Package ecosystem	`PyPI`, `npm`, `Go`, `crates.io`
`cvss-vector`	CVSS vector string	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/...`

Dataset Creation

Source Data

Source	Feed	Format
ATT&CK	`mitre-attack/attack-stix-data`	STIX 2.0 JSON
CAPEC	`capec_latest.xml`	XML
CWE	`cwec_latest.xml.zip`	XML (ZIP)
CVE	`CVEProject/cvelistV5`	JSON 5.x (ZIP)
CPE	`nvdcpe-2.0.tar.gz`	JSON (tar.gz)
D3FEND	`d3fend.json`	JSON-LD
ATLAS	`ATLAS.yaml`	YAML
CAR	`mitre-attack/car`	YAML (ZIP)
ENGAGE	`attack_mapping.json`	JSON
F3	`fight-fraud-framework`	STIX 2.1 JSON
EPSS	`epss_scores-current.csv.gz`	CSV (gzip)
KEV	`known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json`	JSON
Vulnrichment	`cisagov/vulnrichment`	JSON 5.x (ZIP)
GHSA	`github/advisory-database`	OSV JSON (ZIP)
Sigma	`SigmaHQ/sigma`	YAML (ZIP)
ExploitDB	`files_exploits.csv`	CSV
MISP Galaxies	`MISP/misp-galaxy`	JSON (ZIP)
LOLBAS	`LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS`	YAML (ZIP)
LOLDrivers	`magicsword-io/LOLDrivers`	YAML (ZIP)
Atomic Red Team	`redcanaryco/atomic-red-team`	YAML (ZIP)
NIST 800-53	`mappings-explorer`	JSON (ZIP)
Nuclei	`projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates`	YAML (ZIP)
EUVD	`euvdservices.enisa.europa.eu`	JSON
OSV	`osv.dev`	JSON (per-ecosystem ZIPs)

Conversion Pipeline

The converter downloads source data, extracts entity property triples and relationship triples, and writes them as Parquet files. The source code and full documentation are at:

github.com/S0UGATA/security-kg

To regenerate or update this dataset:

git clone https://github.com/S0UGATA/security-kg.git
cd security-kg
pip install -r requirements.txt
python src/convert.py

This produces fresh Parquet files in output/ from the latest data across all 24 sources.

Visualizer

Explore the Parquet files interactively at security-kg-viz.

Pre-computed neighborhoods (`neighborhoods/`)

For the most-connected entities in combined.parquet, this dataset ships pre-rendered multi-hop neighborhood JSONs the visualizer can fetch directly, skipping the DuckDB-WASM + Parquet path entirely for hot lookups:

neighborhoods/
  T1059.json              # array of Triple objects (depth=2, limit=500)
  T1059.001.json
  CVE-2024-1234.json
  CAPEC-100.json
  ...
  index.json              # { source, fingerprint, depth, limit, entities: [...] }

Each <entity>.json is the same shape the viz already builds from q.entityNeighborhood() — an array of {subject, predicate, object, source, object_type, object_canonical}. Filenames use a reversible slug (characters outside [A-Za-z0-9._-] are _xx hex-escaped); index.json is the authoritative mapping from entity → filename and includes a parquet fingerprint for cache invalidation. The bundle is regenerated each weekly refresh whenever combined.parquet changes.

Use Cases

Knowledge Graph Construction: Load triples into Neo4j, RDFLib, or NetworkX for graph queries
Graph ML: Train graph neural networks (GNNs) on security data structure for link prediction
RAG / LLM Grounding: Use triples as structured context for retrieval-augmented generation
Threat Intelligence: Query relationships between groups, techniques, vulnerabilities, and mitigations
Vulnerability Prioritization: Combine SSVC, EPSS, KEV, and ExploitDB data for risk-based triage
Defensive Gap Analysis: Find heavily-used ATT&CK techniques with insufficient detection coverage
Supply Chain Risk: Score open-source packages by linking GHSA advisories to CVE/EPSS/KEV enrichment
Security Automation: Programmatically map detections to techniques to tactics

Cross-Source Analysis Notebook

The repository includes a Jupyter notebook with 16 cross-source analyses and visualizations built on combined.parquet — covering SSVC patch prioritization, defensive gap analysis, kill chain tactic coverage, exploit weaponization timelines, ransomware CWE pipelines, supply chain package risk, and more.

Example Queries

SSVC Patch Prioritization (Vulnrichment + EPSS + KEV)

import pandas as pd
from datasets import load_dataset

# Load combined graph for cross-source queries
ds = load_dataset("s0u9ata/security-kg", "combined")
df = ds["train"].to_pandas()

# Build SSVC triage matrix: exploitation status × automatable × EPSS score
ssvc = df[df.predicate == "ssvc-exploitation"][["subject", "object"]].rename(columns={"object": "exploitation"})
auto = df[df.predicate == "ssvc-automatable"][["subject", "object"]].rename(columns={"object": "automatable"})
epss = df[df.predicate == "epss-score"][["subject", "object"]].copy()
epss["epss"] = epss.object.astype(float)

triage = ssvc.merge(auto, on="subject").merge(epss[["subject", "epss"]], on="subject")

# Highest priority: actively exploited + automatable + high EPSS
critical = triage[(triage.exploitation == "active") & (triage.automatable == "yes") & (triage.epss > 0.9)]
print(f"Immediate action: {len(critical)} CVEs")

Defensive Gap Analysis (ATT&CK + Sigma + D3FEND + CAR)

# Find ATT&CK techniques heavily used by APT groups but poorly covered by detections
uses = df[(df.predicate == "uses") & df.subject.str.startswith("G")]
group_usage = uses.groupby("object").subject.nunique().rename("groups_using")

# Count detection sources per technique (Sigma + CAR + D3FEND + ENGAGE)
sigma = df[df.predicate == "detects-technique"].groupby("object").subject.nunique().rename("detections")
d3fend = df[df.predicate == "restricts"].groupby("object").subject.nunique().rename("defenses")

coverage = pd.DataFrame(group_usage).join(sigma).join(d3fend).fillna(0)
gaps = coverage[(coverage.groups_using > 10) & (coverage.detections < 5)]
print(f"High-usage, low-detection techniques: {len(gaps)}")

Supply Chain Risk (GHSA + CVE + EPSS + KEV + ExploitDB)

# Score open-source packages by aggregating risk from linked CVEs
ghsa_cve = df[df.predicate == "related-cve"][["subject", "object"]].rename(columns={"subject": "ghsa", "object": "cve"})
packages = df[df.predicate == "affects-package"][["subject", "object"]].rename(columns={"subject": "ghsa", "object": "pkg"})

epss_scores = df[df.predicate == "epss-score"][["subject", "object"]].copy()
epss_scores["epss"] = epss_scores.object.astype(float)

kev_cves = set(df[(df.predicate == "rdf:type") & (df.object == "KnownExploitedVulnerability")].subject)
exploit_cves = set(df[df.predicate == "exploits-cve"].object)

# Join package → GHSA → CVE → enrichment
risk = packages.merge(ghsa_cve, on="ghsa").merge(epss_scores[["subject", "epss"]], left_on="cve", right_on="subject")
risk["in_kev"] = risk.cve.isin(kev_cves)
risk["has_exploit"] = risk.cve.isin(exploit_cves)
risk["ecosystem"] = risk.pkg.str.split("/").str[0]

# Top ecosystems by high-risk CVE count
high_risk = risk[(risk.epss > 0.5) | risk.in_kev | risk.has_exploit]
print(high_risk.groupby("ecosystem").cve.nunique().sort_values(ascending=False).head(10))

CAPEC → CWE → CVE (Attack Pattern Chain)

capec = load_dataset("s0u9ata/security-kg", "capec")["train"].to_pandas()
cve = load_dataset("s0u9ata/security-kg", "cve")["train"].to_pandas()

# Find CWEs related to SQL Injection (CAPEC-66)
cwe_ids = capec[(capec.subject == "CAPEC-66") & (capec.predicate == "related-weakness")].object.tolist()

# Find CVEs with those CWEs
for cwe_id in cwe_ids:
    related_cves = cve[(cve.predicate == "related-weakness") & (cve.object == cwe_id)].subject.unique()
    print(f"{cwe_id}: {len(related_cves)} CVEs")

D3FEND (Defensive Taxonomy)

ds = load_dataset("s0u9ata/security-kg", "d3fend")
df = ds["train"].to_pandas()

# All 497 defensive techniques in the D3FEND taxonomy
defenses = df[(df.predicate == "rdf:type") & (df.object == "DefensiveTechnique")]
print(f"Defensive techniques: {len(defenses)}")

# Find children of a category (e.g., all techniques under Network Traffic Analysis)
children = df[(df.predicate == "child-of") & (df.object == "NetworkTrafficAnalysis")].subject.tolist()

# Get their names
names = df[df.predicate == "name"][["subject", "object"]]
print(names[names.subject.isin(children)].to_string(index=False))

Source Licensing & Attribution

This dataset is published under the Apache 2.0 license. The underlying source data is provided under various licenses as detailed below. By using this dataset, you agree to comply with each source's respective terms.

Source	License	Attribution
ATT&CK	Custom royalty-free (MITRE)	© The MITRE Corporation. Reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.
CAPEC	Custom royalty-free (MITRE)	© The MITRE Corporation. Reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.
CWE	Custom royalty-free (MITRE)	© The MITRE Corporation. Reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.
CVE	Custom permissive (MITRE)	© The MITRE Corporation. CVE® is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.
CPE / NVD	Public domain (NIST)	This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.
D3FEND	MIT License	© The MITRE Corporation. MITRE D3FEND™ is a trademark of The MITRE Corporation.
ATLAS	Apache 2.0	© MITRE.
CAR	Apache 2.0	© The MITRE Corporation.
ENGAGE	Apache 2.0 (GitHub repo) / Custom restrictive (website ToU)	© The MITRE Corporation. Reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation. Note: the GitHub repo is licensed Apache 2.0, but the website terms restrict use to internal/non-commercial purposes. Clarification pending with MITRE.
F3	Apache 2.0	© MITRE Engenuity, Center for Threat-Informed Defense.
EPSS	Custom permissive (FIRST)	Jacobs, Romanosky, Edwards, Roytman, Adjerid (2021), Exploit Prediction Scoring System, Digital Threats Research and Practice, 2(3). See first.org/epss.
KEV	Public domain (U.S. Gov)	Source: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog.
Vulnrichment	CC0 1.0 Universal	Source: CISA Vulnrichment.
GHSA	CC BY 4.0	Source: GitHub Advisory Database. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Sigma	Detection Rule License 1.1	Source: SigmaHQ. Licensed under DRL 1.1. Rule author attribution is preserved in triples.
ExploitDB	GPLv2+	Source: OffSec ExploitDB. Derived factual metadata (IDs, CVE mappings, dates) extracted under GPLv2+.
MISP Galaxies	CC0 1.0 / BSD 2-Clause	Source: MISP Project. Dual-licensed under CC0 1.0 and BSD 2-Clause.
LOLBAS	GPLv3	Source: LOLBAS Project. Licensed under GPLv3.
LOLDrivers	Apache 2.0	Source: LOLDrivers (magicsword.io).
Atomic Red Team	MIT License	Source: Red Canary Atomic Red Team. Licensed under MIT.
NIST 800-53 Mappings	Apache 2.0	© MITRE Engenuity, Center for Threat-Informed Defense.
Nuclei Templates	MIT License	Source: ProjectDiscovery Nuclei Templates. Licensed under MIT.
EUVD	Public (ENISA)	Source: ENISA European Vulnerability Database. Data published by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity.
OSV	CC BY 4.0	Source: OSV (osv.dev). Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

License

Apache 2.0 — see Source Licensing & Attribution for individual source terms.

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