claim_id stringlengths 1 4 | claim stringlengths 26 406 | claim_label class label 4 classes | evidences listlengths 5 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
3062 | This increases confidence in other peer-reviewed research predicting sea level rise of 80cm to 2 metres by 2100. | 0SUPPORTS | [
{
"evidence_id": "Sea level rise:164",
"evidence_label": 0,
"article": "Sea level rise",
"evidence": "However, Greg Holland from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who reviewed the study, noted: “There is no doubt that the sea level rise, within the IPCC, is a very conservative number, so... |
3063 | 'Another global warming myth comes crashing down. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "Flying Spaghetti Monster:12",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Flying Spaghetti Monster",
"evidence": "Henderson asserts that a decline in the number of pirates over the years is the cause of global warming.",
"entropy": 0,
"votes": [
"NOT_ENOUGH_INFO",
"NOT_ENO... |
3064 | No warming since at least 1995, no melting glaciers and now no rising sea levels. | 1REFUTES | [
{
"evidence_id": "Global warming:146",
"evidence_label": 1,
"article": "Global warming",
"evidence": "Between 1993 and 2017, the global mean sea level rose on average by 3.1 ± 0.3 mm per year, with an acceleration detected as well.",
"entropy": 0,
"votes": [
null,
"REFUTES",
... |
3066 | The claim that 2.2 conventional jobs are destroyed for every new job created in the alternative energy industry is based on a study which relies on incorrect numbers, cherrypicked dates, faulty theory, flawed methodology, and is disproven by real-world examples. | 0SUPPORTS | [
{
"evidence_id": "Alternative medicine:128",
"evidence_label": 0,
"article": "Alternative medicine",
"evidence": "However, reassessments found the study to have flawed methodology.",
"entropy": 0,
"votes": [
"SUPPORTS",
"SUPPORTS",
null,
null,
null
]
},
... |
3068 | for every renewable energy job that the State manages to finance, Spain’s experience...reveals with high confidence, by two different methods, that the U.S. should expect a loss of at least 2.2 jobs on average | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "California:417",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "California",
"evidence": "As a result of the state's strong environmental movement, California has some of the most aggressive renewable energy goals in the United States, with a target for California to obtain a third of its electr... |
3069 | Continued greenhouse gas emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during the 21st century that would very likely be larger than those observed during the 20th century. | 0SUPPORTS | [
{
"evidence_id": "Global warming:155",
"evidence_label": 0,
"article": "Global warming",
"evidence": "Many regions have probably already seen increases in warm spells and heat waves, and it is virtually certain that these changes will continue over the 21st century.",
"entropy": 0,
"votes": ... |
3070 | So this is a government which is proposing to put at risk our manufacturing industry, to penalise struggling families, to make a tough situation worse for millions of households right around Australia. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "Poverty in the United Kingdom:108",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Poverty in the United Kingdom",
"evidence": "John McDonnell said the IFS analysis showed a “clear threat” to working people’s living standards, while the Liberal Democrats said that the “savage cuts” would make mi... |
3072 | "a paper...in Science magazine concludes that the climate sensitivity—how much the earth’s average temperature will rise as a result of a doubling of the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide—likely (that is, with a 66% probability) lies in the range 1.7°C to 2.6°C, with a median value of 2.3°C. | 3DISPUTED | [
{
"evidence_id": "Climate sensitivity:4",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Climate sensitivity",
"evidence": "When climate sensitivity is expressed for a doubling of CO2, its units are degrees Celsius (°C).",
"entropy": 0.6931471824645996,
"votes": [
"NOT_ENOUGH_INFO",
"SUPPORTS"... |
3074 | Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), in which the likely range is given as 2.0°C to 4.5°C, with a best estimate of 3.0°C" (Pat Michaels) | 0SUPPORTS | [
{
"evidence_id": "Climate sensitivity:72",
"evidence_label": 0,
"article": "Climate sensitivity",
"evidence": "IPCC authors concluded ECS is very likely to be greater than 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) and likely to lie in the range 2 to 4.5 °C (4 to 8.1 °F), with a most likely value of about 3 °C (5 °F).",
"... |
3075 | Multiple lines of evidence indicate Greenland's ice loss is accelerating and will contribute sea level rise in the order of metres over the next few centuries. | 0SUPPORTS | [
{
"evidence_id": "Greenland:172",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Greenland",
"evidence": "If the Greenland ice sheet were to melt away completely, the world's sea level would rise by more than 7 m (23 ft).",
"entropy": 0.6365141868591309,
"votes": [
"NOT_ENOUGH_INFO",
"SUPPORTS... |
3079 | This was the case last year too, while earlier years in the DMI analysis period (1958-2010) hardly ever shows Arctic melt season temperatures this cold (Frank Lansner) | 1REFUTES | [
{
"evidence_id": "Arctic methane emissions:43",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Arctic methane emissions",
"evidence": "During the study, the most widespread surface melt on record for the past 120 years was observed in Greenland; on 12 July 2012, unfrozen water was present on almost the entire ice... |
3082 | "However, a single scientist, Dr. Ben Santer of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, rewrote the draft at the IPCC’s request, deleting all five statements, replacing them with a single statement to the effect that a human influence on global climate was now discernible, and making some 200 consequential amendments. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "Global Climate Coalition:57",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Global Climate Coalition",
"evidence": "The coalition report said that Benjamin D. Santer, the lead author of Chapter 8 in the assessment, entitled \"Detection of Climate Change and Attribution of Causes,\" had altered ... |
3084 | "the temperature increase in the second half of the 20th century could have taken place in steps driven by major ENSO events" (Jens Raunsø Jensen) | 3DISPUTED | [
{
"evidence_id": "20th century:6",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "20th century",
"evidence": "The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade.",... |
3090 | A generous estimate of the energy generated by satellites is around 1 million times too small to cause global warming. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "Deforestation:66",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Deforestation",
"evidence": "However, the incineration and burning of forest plants to clear land releases large amounts of CO2, which contributes to global warming.",
"entropy": 0.6931471824645996,
"votes": [
"REFUT... |
3091 | Global Warming history completely coincides with the history of artificial satellites and the use of microwave frequencies from outer space. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "20th century:282",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "20th century",
"evidence": "Over time, a massive system of artificial satellites was placed into orbit around Earth.",
"entropy": 0,
"votes": [
"NOT_ENOUGH_INFO",
"NOT_ENOUGH_INFO",
"NOT_ENOUGH_INFO",
... |
3093 | Sending oscillating microwaves from an antenna inside a vacuum through an electromagnetic field through a dielectric material, such as water, creates radio frequency heating at the molecular level | 0SUPPORTS | [
{
"evidence_id": "Dielectric heating:0",
"evidence_label": 0,
"article": "Dielectric heating",
"evidence": "Dielectric heating, also known as electronic heating, radio frequency heating, and high-frequency heating, is the process in which a radio frequency (RF) alternating electric field, or radio w... |
3099 | "The IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report, 2007, carries in three places a graph in which the Hadley Center’s global mean surface temperature anomaly dataset from 1850-2005 is displayed with four arbitrarily-chosen trend-lines overlaid upon it. | 0SUPPORTS | [
{
"evidence_id": "IPCC Fourth Assessment Report:0",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "IPCC Fourth Assessment Report",
"evidence": "Climate Change 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), is the fourth in a series of reports inten... |
3102 | ...there [is] anecdotal and other evidence suggesting similar melts from 1938-43 and on other occasions. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "Fuse (electrical):17",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Fuse (electrical)",
"evidence": "If too high a current flows, the element rises to a higher temperature and either directly melts, or else melts a soldered joint within the fuse, opening the circuit.",
"entropy": 0,
"v... |
3103 | "Disasters Cost More Than Ever — But Not Because of Climate Change" (Roger Pielke Jr.) | 1REFUTES | [
{
"evidence_id": "Climate change mitigation:304",
"evidence_label": 1,
"article": "Climate change mitigation",
"evidence": "By addressing climate change, we can avoid the costs associated with the effects of climate change.",
"entropy": 0.6365141868591309,
"votes": [
"REFUTES",
"... |
3104 | the satellite sensors show less warming in the lower troposphere (approximately 10,000 feet above the earth’s surface) than is reported by surface temperature readings. | 0SUPPORTS | [
{
"evidence_id": "Atmosphere of Earth:81",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Atmosphere of Earth",
"evidence": "Earth's surface) is typically the warmest section of the troposphere.",
"entropy": 0.6365141868591309,
"votes": [
"NOT_ENOUGH_INFO",
"SUPPORTS",
"NOT_ENOUGH_INFO",... |
3105 | Global warming theory holds that one of the fingerprints of human-induced global warming is more rapid warming in the lower troposphere than at the surface (James Taylor) | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "Attribution of recent climate change:117",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Attribution of recent climate change",
"evidence": "Observations from weather balloons, satellites, and surface thermometers seemed to show the opposite behaviour (more rapid warming of the surface than the... |
3110 | In those days you couldn’t have seen across the street for all the carbon emissions and the crap coming out of the chimneys.' | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "Air pollution:104",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Air pollution",
"evidence": "Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires.",
"entropy": 0.6365141868591309,
"votes": [
"NOT_ENOUGH_INFO",
"REFUTES",
"NOT_ENOUGH_INFO",
null,
null
]
},
{
... |
3111 | Ljungqvist's millennial temperature reconstruction was very similar to Moberg et al. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "Hockey stick controversy:499",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Hockey stick controversy",
"evidence": "Ljungqvist's 2,000 year extratropical Northern Hemisphere reconstruction generally agreed well with Mann et al.",
"entropy": 0.6365141868591309,
"votes": [
"NOT_ENO... |
3112 | It also concludes that current northern hemisphere surface air temperatures are significantly higher than during the peak of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP). | 3DISPUTED | [
{
"evidence_id": "Earth:206",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Earth",
"evidence": "Consequently, summers are 2.3 °C (4 °F) warmer in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere under similar conditions.",
"entropy": 0,
"votes": [
"NOT_ENOUGH_INFO",
"NOT_ENOUGH_INFO",... |
3114 | 'What I can comment on is this prediction by Dr. Hansen: “The West Side Highway [which runs along the Hudson River] will be under water.” | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "West Side Highway:150",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "West Side Highway",
"evidence": "UDC's \"Water Edge Study\" called for the highway to be routed above the water at the ends of the then mostly abandoned piers on the Hudson River and the addition of hundreds of acres of concr... |
3119 | CO2 constitutes 80% of the non-condensing greenhouse gas forcing. | 1REFUTES | [
{
"evidence_id": "Greenhouse gas:154",
"evidence_label": 1,
"article": "Greenhouse gas",
"evidence": "The trucking and haulage industry plays a part in production of CO 2, contributing around 20% of the UK's total carbon emissions a year, with only the energy industry having a larger impact at aroun... |
3121 | "Cloud cover in models is poorly treated and inaccurately predicted. | 0SUPPORTS | [
{
"evidence_id": "Cloud:342",
"evidence_label": 0,
"article": "Cloud",
"evidence": "Leading global models produce quite different results, however, with some showing increasing low clouds and others showing decreases.",
"entropy": 0,
"votes": [
"SUPPORTS",
"SUPPORTS",
null,... |
3122 | Yet clouds reflect about seventy-five watts per square meter. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "Sunlight:20",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Sunlight",
"evidence": "If the extraterrestrial solar radiation is 1367 watts per square meter (the value when the Earth–Sun distance is 1 astronomical unit), then the direct sunlight at Earth's surface when the Sun is at the zenith is... |
3123 | Given that a doubling of carbon dioxide would change the surface heat flux by only two watts per square meter, it is evident that a small change in cloud cover can strongly affect the response to carbon dioxide." | 0SUPPORTS | [
{
"evidence_id": "Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere:4",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere",
"evidence": "CO 2 absorbs and emits infrared radiation at wavelengths of 4.26 µm (asymmetric stretching vibrational mode) and 14.99 µm (bending vibrational mode) and con... |
3124 | the Great Barrier Reef is in fine fettle | 1REFUTES | [
{
"evidence_id": "Great Barrier Reef:135",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Great Barrier Reef",
"evidence": "The Queensland \"shark control\" program uses shark nets and drum lines with baited hooks to kill sharks in the Great Barrier Reef – there are 173 lethal drum lines in the Great Barrier Reef... |
3125 | About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase... | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "Climate variability:103",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Climate variability",
"evidence": "Given that records of solar activity are accurate, solar activity may have contributed to part of the modern warming that peaked in the 1930s, in addition to the 60-year temperature cycles... |
3127 | "Skeptics hope that Postma’s alternative thermal model will lead to the birth of a new climatology, one that actually follows the laws of physics and properly physical modeling techniques... | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "Meteorology:4",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Meteorology",
"evidence": "It was not until after the elucidation of the laws of physics and more particularly, the development of the computer, allowing for the automated solution of a great many equations that model the weather, in... |
3130 | "There are other possible causes for climate change which could be associated with solar activity or related to variations in the temperature of the liquid core of the Earth, which is about 5,400 degrees Celsius. | 0SUPPORTS | [
{
"evidence_id": "Attribution of recent climate change:212",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Attribution of recent climate change",
"evidence": "According to Wilson, \"Wobbles in the orbit of Mars are the main cause of its climate change in the current era\" (see also orbital forcing).",
"entro... |
3131 | We don't need a high heat flow - just a high temperature for the core to affect the surface climate. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | [
{
"evidence_id": "Earth:161",
"evidence_label": 2,
"article": "Earth",
"evidence": "Sea water has an important influence on the world's climate, with the oceans acting as a large heat reservoir.",
"entropy": 0.6931471824645996,
"votes": [
null,
"NOT_ENOUGH_INFO",
"SUPPORTS"... |
3134 | Over the last decade, heatwaves are five times more likely than if there had been no global warming. | 0SUPPORTS | [
{
"evidence_id": "Bushfires in Australia:126",
"evidence_label": 0,
"article": "Bushfires in Australia",
"evidence": "Australia's climate has warmed by more than one degree Celsius over the past century, causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves and droughts.",
"entropy": 0... |
Subsets and Splits
False Climate Claims
Retrieves all records from the 'test' dataset where the claim label is 0, providing basic filtering without deep insight.