[2,3]\n count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]\n count_up_to(0) => []\n count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]\n count_up_to(1) => []\n count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 097\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef multiply(a, b):\n \"\"\"Complete the function that takes two integers and returns \n the product of their unit digits.\n Assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n multiply(148, 412) should return 16.\n multiply(19, 28) should return 72.\n multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.\n multiply(14,-15) should return 20.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 098\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_upper(s):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.\n \n For example:\n count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1\n count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0\n count_upper('dBBE') returns 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 099\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef closest_integer(value):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number\n and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant\n from two integers, round it away from zero.\n\n Examples\n >>> closest_integer(\"10\")\n 10\n >>> closest_integer(\"15.3\")\n 15\n\n Note:\n Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant\n from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the\n farthest from zero. For example closest_integer(\"14.5\") should\n return 15 and closest_integer(\"-14.5\") should return -15.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 100\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef make_a_pile(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.\n The first level has n stones.\n The number of stones in the next level is:\n - the next odd number if n is odd.\n - the next even number if n is even.\n Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index\n i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).\n\n Examples:\n >>> make_a_pile(3)\n [3, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 101\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_string(s):\n \"\"\"\n You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is\n to split the string into words and return an array of the words.\n \n For example:\n words_string(\"Hi, my name is John\") == [\"Hi\", \"my\", \"name\", \"is\", \"John\"]\n words_string(\"One, two, three, four, five, six\") == [\"One\", \"two\", \"three\", \"four\", \"five\", \"six\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 102\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef choose_num(x, y):\n \"\"\"This function takes two positive numbers x and y and returns the\n biggest even integer number that is in the range [x, y] inclusive. If \n there's no such number, then the function should return -1.\n\n For example:\n choose_num(12, 15) = 14\n choose_num(13, 12) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 103\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef rounded_avg(n, m):\n \"\"\"You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the\n average of the integers from n through m (including n and m). \n Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.\n If n is greater than m, return -1.\n Example:\n rounded_avg(1, 5) => \"0b11\"\n rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1\n rounded_avg(10, 20) => \"0b1111\"\n rounded_avg(20, 33) => \"0b11010\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 104\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique_digits(x):\n \"\"\"Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all \n elements that hasn't any even digit.\n\n Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.\n \n For example:\n >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])\n [1, 15, 33]\n >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])\n []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 105\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef by_length(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,\n reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from\n \"One\", \"Two\", \"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\", \"Six\", \"Seven\", \"Eight\", \"Nine\".\n\n For example:\n arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3] \n -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8] \n -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]\n return [\"Eight\", \"Five\", \"Four\", \"Three\", \"Two\", \"Two\", \"One\", \"One\"]\n \n If the array is empty, return an empty array:\n arr = []\n return []\n \n If the array has any strange number ignore it:\n arr = [1, -1 , 55] \n -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]\n -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]\n return = ['One']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 106\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef f(n):\n \"\"\" Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter,\n and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even\n or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise.\n i starts from 1.\n the factorial of i is the multiplication of the numbers from 1 to i (1 * 2 * ... * i).\n Example:\n f(5) == [1, 2, 6, 24, 15]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 107\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_palindrome(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd\n integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: 3\n Output: (1, 2)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: 12\n Output: (4, 6)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.\n\n Note:\n 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3\n 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 108\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_nums(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns\n the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.\n If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:\n e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.\n >>> count_nums([]) == 0\n >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1\n >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 109\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef move_one_ball(arr):\n \"\"\"We have an array 'arr' of N integers arr[1], arr[2], ..., arr[N].The\n numbers in the array will be randomly ordered. Your task is to determine if\n it is possible to get an array sorted in non-decreasing order by performing \n the following operation on the given array:\n You are allowed to perform right shift operation any number of times.\n \n One right shift operation means shifting all elements of the array by one\n position in the right direction. The last element of the array will be moved to\n the starting position in the array i.e. 0th index. \n\n If it is possible to obtain the sorted array by performing the above operation\n then return True else return False.\n If the given array is empty then return True.\n\n Note: The given list is guaranteed to have unique elements.\n\n For Example:\n \n move_one_ball([3, 4, 5, 1, 2])==>True\n Explanation: By performin 2 right shift operations, non-decreasing order can\n be achieved for the given array.\n move_one_ball([3, 5, 4, 1, 2])==>False\n Explanation:It is not possible to get non-decreasing order for the given\n array by performing any number of right shift operations.\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 110\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef exchange(lst1, lst2):\n \"\"\"In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,\n and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements\n between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.\n There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.\n If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make\n all the elements of lst1 to be even, return \"YES\".\n Otherwise, return \"NO\".\n For example:\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => \"YES\"\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => \"NO\"\n It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 111\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef histogram(test):\n \"\"\"Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary\n of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.\n If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.\n \n Example:\n histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}\n histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}\n histogram('') == {}\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 112\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef reverse_delete(s,c):\n \"\"\"Task\n We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c\n then check if the result string is palindrome.\n A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.\n You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.\n Example\n For s = \"abcde\", c = \"ae\", the result should be ('bcd',False)\n For s = \"abcdef\", c = \"b\" the result should be ('acdef',False)\n For s = \"abcdedcba\", c = \"ab\", the result should be ('cdedc',True)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 113\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef odd_count(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.\n Each element i of the output should be \"the number of odd elements in the\n string i of the input.\" where all the i's should be replaced by the number\n of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.\n\n >>> odd_count(['1234567'])\n [\"the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput.\"]\n >>> odd_count(['3',\"11111111\"])\n [\"the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.\",\n \"the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput.\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 114\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minSubArraySum(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array\n of nums.\n Example\n minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1\n minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 115\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_fill(grid, capacity):\n import math\n \"\"\"\n You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,\n and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.\n Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, \n and all buckets have the same capacity.\n Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.\n Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 1\n Output: 6\n\n Example 2:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 2\n Output: 5\n \n Example 3:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]\n bucket_capacity : 5\n Output: 0\n\n Constraints:\n * all wells have the same length\n * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2\n * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2\n * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1\n * 1 <= capacity <= 10\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 116\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(arr):\n \"\"\"\n In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to\n number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.\n For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.\n\n It must be implemented like this:\n >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]\n >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 117\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef select_words(s, n):\n \"\"\"Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement \n a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly \n n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.\n If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.\n Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.\n Examples:\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 4) ==> [\"little\"]\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 3) ==> [\"Mary\", \"lamb\"]\n select_words(\"simple white space\", 2) ==> []\n select_words(\"Hello world\", 4) ==> [\"world\"]\n select_words(\"Uncle sam\", 3) ==> [\"Uncle\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 118\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_closest_vowel(word):\n \"\"\"You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between \n two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).\n \n Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't\n find any vowel met the above condition. \n\n You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.\n\n Example:\n get_closest_vowel(\"yogurt\") ==> \"u\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"FULL\") ==> \"U\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"quick\") ==> \"\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"ab\") ==> \"\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 119\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef match_parens(lst):\n '''\n You are given a list of two strings, both strings consist of open\n parentheses '(' or close parentheses ')' only.\n Your job is to check if it is possible to concatenate the two strings in\n some order, that the resulting string will be good.\n A string S is considered to be good if and only if all parentheses in S\n are balanced. For example: the string '(())()' is good, while the string\n '())' is not.\n Return 'Yes' if there's a way to make a good string, and return 'No' otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n match_parens(['()(', ')']) == 'Yes'\n match_parens([')', ')']) == 'No'\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 120\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef maximum(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list \n of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3\n Output: [-4, -3, 5]\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2\n Output: [4, 4]\n\n Example 3:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1\n Output: [2]\n\n Note:\n 1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].\n 2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].\n 3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 121\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solution(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.\n \n\n Examples\n solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12\n solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9\n solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 122\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add_elements(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return\n the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.\n\n Example:\n\n Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4\n Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3\n\n Constraints:\n 1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100\n 2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 123\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_odd_collatz(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.\n\n The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined\n as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the \n previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of \n the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous\n term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.\n\n Note: \n 1. Collatz(1) is [1].\n 2. returned list sorted in increasing order.\n\n For example:\n get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 124\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef valid_date(date):\n \"\"\"You have to write a function which validates a given date string and\n returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.\n The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:\n 1. The date string is not empty.\n 2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.\n 3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.\n 4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy\n\n for example: \n valid_date('03-11-2000') => True\n\n valid_date('15-01-2012') => False\n\n valid_date('04-0-2040') => False\n\n valid_date('06-04-2020') => True\n\n valid_date('06/04/2020') => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 125\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef split_words(txt):\n '''\n Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you\n should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the\n alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25\n Examples\n split_words(\"Hello world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"Hello,world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"abcdef\") == 3 \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 126\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_sorted(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted\n in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same\n number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.\n\n Examples\n is_sorted([5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 127\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef intersection(interval1, interval2):\n \"\"\"You are given two intervals,\n where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).\n The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)\n includes both start and end.\n For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.\n Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two \n intervals is a prime number.\n Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)\n which its length is 1, which not a prime number.\n If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return \"YES\",\n otherwise, return \"NO\".\n If the two intervals don't intersect, return \"NO\".\n\n\n [input/output] samples:\n intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> \"YES\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 128\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prod_signs(arr):\n \"\"\"\n You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return\n sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs\n of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.\n Note: return None for empty arr.\n\n Example:\n >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9\n >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0\n >>> prod_signs([]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 129\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minPath(grid, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, \n each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]\n inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.\n\n You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start\n from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,\n in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current\n cell.\n Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not\n necessarily distinct).\n You CANNOT go off the grid.\n A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if\n after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go\n through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less\n than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)\n such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have\n lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].\n It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.\n Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.\n\n Examples:\n\n Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3\n Output: [1, 2, 1]\n\n Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1\n Output: [1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 130\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef tri(n):\n \"\"\"Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in \n the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.\n Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:\n tri(1) = 3\n tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.\n tri(n) = tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.\n For example:\n tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2\n tri(4) = 3\n tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)\n = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 \n You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the \n first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.\n Examples:\n tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 131\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digits(n):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.\n Return 0 if all digits are even.\n For example:\n digits(1) == 1\n digits(4) == 0\n digits(235) == 15\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 132\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_nested(string):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.\n The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets \n where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.\n\n is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[][]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 133\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of numbers.\n You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,\n round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.\n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14\n For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98\n For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84\n For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29\n For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6\n \n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 134\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):\n '''\n Create a function that returns True if the last character\n of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not\n a part of a word, and False otherwise.\n Note: \"word\" is a group of characters separated by space.\n\n Examples:\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pie\") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e\") ➞ True\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e \") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"\") ➞ False \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 135\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef can_arrange(arr):\n \"\"\"Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which\n is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If\n no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain\n duplicate values.\n\n Examples:\n can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3\n can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 136\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_smallest_integers(lst):\n '''\n Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is\n the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest\n of positive integers in a list.\n If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.\n\n Examples:\n largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)\n largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)\n largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 137\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare_one(a, b):\n \"\"\"\n Create a function that takes integers, floats, or strings representing\n real numbers, and returns the larger variable in its given variable type.\n Return None if the values are equal.\n Note: If a real number is represented as a string, the floating point might be . or ,\n\n compare_one(1, 2.5) ➞ 2.5\n compare_one(1, \"2,3\") ➞ \"2,3\"\n compare_one(\"5,1\", \"6\") ➞ \"6\"\n compare_one(\"1\", 1) ➞ None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 138\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_equal_to_sum_even(n):\n \"\"\"Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers\n Example\n is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 139\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef special_factorial(n):\n \"\"\"The Brazilian factorial is defined as:\n brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!\n where n > 0\n\n For example:\n >>> special_factorial(4)\n 288\n\n The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special\n factorial of this integer.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 140\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fix_spaces(text):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, \n and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, \n then replace all consecutive spaces with - \n \n fix_spaces(\"Example\") == \"Example\"\n fix_spaces(\"Example 1\") == \"Example_1\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 2\") == \"_Example_2\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 3\") == \"_Example-3\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 141\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef file_name_check(file_name):\n \"\"\"Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns\n 'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.\n A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions \n are met:\n - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.\n - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'\n - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from \n the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').\n - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']\n Examples:\n file_name_check(\"example.txt\") # => 'Yes'\n file_name_check(\"1example.dll\") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 142\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"\"\n This function will take a list of integers. For all entries in the list, the function shall square the integer entry if its index is a \n multiple of 3 and will cube the integer entry if its index is a multiple of 4 and not a multiple of 3. The function will not \n change the entries in the list whose indexes are not a multiple of 3 or 4. The function shall then return the sum of all entries. \n \n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 6\n For lst = [] the output should be 0\n For lst = [-1,-5,2,-1,-5] the output should be -126\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 143\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_in_sentence(sentence):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a string representing a sentence,\n the sentence contains some words separated by a space,\n and you have to return a string that contains the words from the original sentence,\n whose lengths are prime numbers,\n the order of the words in the new string should be the same as the original one.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: sentence = \"This is a test\"\n Output: \"is\"\n\n Example 2:\n Input: sentence = \"lets go for swimming\"\n Output: \"go for\"\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= len(sentence) <= 100\n * sentence contains only letters\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 144\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef simplify(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to implement a function that will simplify the expression\n x * n. The function returns True if x * n evaluates to a whole number and False\n otherwise. Both x and n, are string representation of a fraction, and have the following format,\n <numerator>/<denominator> where both numerator and denominator are positive whole numbers.\n\n You can assume that x, and n are valid fractions, and do not have zero as denominator.\n\n simplify(\"1/5\", \"5/1\") = True\n simplify(\"1/6\", \"2/1\") = False\n simplify(\"7/10\", \"10/2\") = False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 145\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef order_by_points(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function which sorts the given list of integers\n in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.\n Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,\n order them based on their index in original list.\n\n For example:\n >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]\n >>> order_by_points([]) == []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 146\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef specialFilter(nums):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns \n the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both \n first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).\n For example:\n specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 \n specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 147\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_max_triples(n):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a positive integer n. You have to create an integer array a of length n.\n For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ n), the value of a[i] = i * i - i + 1.\n Return the number of triples (a[i], a[j], a[k]) of a where i < j < k, \n and a[i] + a[j] + a[k] is a multiple of 3.\n\n Example :\n Input: n = 5\n Output: 1\n Explanation: \n a = [1, 3, 7, 13, 21]\n The only valid triple is (1, 7, 13).\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 148\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef bf(planet1, planet2):\n '''\n There are eight planets in our solar system: the closerst to the Sun \n is Mercury, the next one is Venus, then Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, \n Uranus, Neptune.\n Write a function that takes two planet names as strings planet1 and planet2. \n The function should return a tuple containing all planets whose orbits are \n located between the orbit of planet1 and the orbit of planet2, sorted by \n the proximity to the sun. \n The function should return an empty tuple if planet1 or planet2\n are not correct planet names. \n Examples\n bf(\"Jupiter\", \"Neptune\") ==> (\"Saturn\", \"Uranus\")\n bf(\"Earth\", \"Mercury\") ==> (\"Venus\")\n bf(\"Mercury\", \"Uranus\") ==> (\"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\", \"Jupiter\", \"Saturn\")\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 149\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sorted_list_sum(lst):\n \"\"\"Write a function that accepts a list of strings as a parameter,\n deletes the strings that have odd lengths from it,\n and returns the resulted list with a sorted order,\n The list is always a list of strings and never an array of numbers,\n and it may contain duplicates.\n The order of the list should be ascending by length of each word, and you\n should return the list sorted by that rule.\n If two words have the same length, sort the list alphabetically.\n The function should return a list of strings in sorted order.\n You may assume that all words will have the same length.\n For example:\n assert list_sort([\"aa\", \"a\", \"aaa\"]) => [\"aa\"]\n assert list_sort([\"ab\", \"a\", \"aaa\", \"cd\"]) => [\"ab\", \"cd\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 150\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef x_or_y(n, x, y):\n \"\"\"A simple program which should return the value of x if n is \n a prime number and should return the value of y otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n for x_or_y(7, 34, 12) == 34\n for x_or_y(15, 8, 5) == 5\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 151\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef double_the_difference(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers\n in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.\n \n double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10\n double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0\n double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81\n double_the_difference([0]) == 0 \n \n If the input list is empty, return 0.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 152\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare(game,guess):\n \"\"\"I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited\n event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are\n definitely worth noting down and comparing.\n Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.\n You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match. \n Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,\n the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.\n \n \n example:\n\n compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]\n compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 153\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):\n \"\"\"You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.\n The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The\n strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase\n letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters \n in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM. \n You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this \n format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.\n If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should\n choose the one that comes first in the list.\n For example, if you are given \"Slices\" as the class and a list of the\n extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should\n return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension \n (its strength is -1).\n Example:\n for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 154\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef cycpattern_check(a , b):\n \"\"\"You are given 2 words. You need to return True if the second word or any of its rotations is a substring in the first word\n cycpattern_check(\"abcd\",\"abd\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"hello\",\"ell\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"whassup\",\"psus\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"abab\",\"baa\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"efef\",\"eeff\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"himenss\",\"simen\") => True\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 155\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_count(num):\n \"\"\"Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.\n\n Example:\n even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)\n even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 156\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef int_to_mini_roman(number):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer, obtain its roman numeral equivalent as a string,\n and return it in lowercase.\n Restrictions: 1 <= num <= 1000\n\n Examples:\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(19) == 'xix'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(152) == 'clii'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(426) == 'cdxxvi'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Signature Index 000\n# Signature: def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n# Summary: Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 001\n# Signature: def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 002\n# Signature: def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n# Summary: Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 003\n# Signature: def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n# Summary: You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 004\n# Signature: def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n# Summary: For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 005\n# Signature: def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 006\n# Signature: def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 007\n# Signature: def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 008\n# Signature: def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n# Summary: For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 009\n# Signature: def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 010\n# Signature: def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n# Summary: Test if given string is a palindrome\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 011\n# Signature: def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 012\n# Signature: def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n# Summary: Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n# Imports: from typing import List, Optional\n\n### Signature Index 013\n# Signature: def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n# Summary: Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 014\n# Signature: def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 015\n# Signature: def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n# Summary: Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 016\n# Signature: def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 017\n# Signature: def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 018\n# Signature: def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 019\n# Signature: def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 020\n# Signature: def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n# Summary: From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 021\n# Signature: def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n# Summary: Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 022\n# Signature: def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n# Imports: from typing import List, Any\n\n### Signature Index 023\n# Signature: def strlen(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Return length of given string\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 024\n# Signature: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n# Summary: For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 025\n# Signature: def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 026\n# Signature: def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 027\n# Signature: def flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n# Summary: For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 028\n# Signature: def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n# Summary: Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 029\n# Signature: def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 030\n# Signature: def get_positive(l: list):\n# Summary: Return only positive numbers in the list.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 031\n# Signature: def is_prime(n):\n# Summary: Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 032\n# Signature: def poly(xs: list, x: float):\n# Summary: Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n# Imports: import math\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n### Local Workspace Digest\n# Request type: hot\n# Benchmark request serial: 00188\n# Source prompt row: 024\n# Source cycle: 001\n# Active signature: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n# Prompt summary: For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n# Imports in active task: no extra imports\n# Example: largest_divisor(15)\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 025\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.\n Input number should be equal to the product of all factors\n >>> factorize(8)\n [2, 2, 2]\n >>> factorize(25)\n [5, 5]\n >>> factorize(70)\n [2, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 026\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n# pad: deterministic code path.\n# pad: docstring-compatible behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n### Active Task\nOnly the task below should be solved. Archived context above is reference-only.\n\ndef largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n >>> largest_divisor(15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n"},"output_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":1000,"string":"1,000"},"cache_group":{"kind":"string","value":"hot"},"prompt_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":29993,"string":"29,993"},"shared_prefix_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":25468,"string":"25,468"},"request_serial":{"kind":"number","value":188,"string":"188"},"source_row":{"kind":"number","value":24,"string":"24"},"source_cycle":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"}}},{"rowIdx":189,"cells":{"prompt":{"kind":"string","value":"### Shared Repository Context\nThe following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.\nIt is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python\nfunction completion request instead of synthetic random text.\n\nImportant behavior rules:\n1. Treat the archived task specs below as background context only.\n2. Solve only the final active task that appears near the end of the prompt.\n3. Keep the style compatible with concise Python function-completion workloads.\n4. Reuse the archived material only as reference context; do not answer those archived tasks.\n5. Maintain deterministic coding style, straightforward helper usage, and compatible docstring behavior.\n\n### Engineering Policy Cards\n- Prefer pure Python unless the task clearly requires external libraries.\n- Preserve function signatures exactly and keep helper functions local when useful.\n- Use readable loops and conditionals over clever one-liners when correctness is easier to audit.\n- Match documented examples and edge cases before micro-optimizing.\n- Favor total correctness over partial heuristic behavior.\n- When a task is arithmetic or parsing heavy, write simple invariants directly in code.\n- When a task is list or string oriented, keep state transitions obvious and test-friendly.\n- Avoid surprising side effects and global state.\n- Make code stable under empty inputs, singleton inputs, and boundary values when applicable.\n\n### Archived Humaneval-Style Specifications\nThe archive below keeps the prompt distribution aligned with Python function-completion tasks.\nOnly the final active task should be completed.\n\n### Reference Card: Python Completion Habits\n- Preserve imports that appear relevant to the target signature.\n- Use helpers only when they reduce branching complexity or repeated logic.\n- Prefer direct implementations that align with doctest examples.\n- Keep mutations local and obvious.\n- If a task implies sorting, grouping, scanning, counting, or stack-like behavior, make that explicit.\n- If a task implies number theory or geometry, encode the formula directly and keep units consistent.\n\n### Reference Card: Verification Checklist\n- Check empty sequences, repeated values, and off-by-one boundaries.\n- Respect whether the task asks for a value, a boolean, a string transform, or a list transform.\n- Follow the semantics implied by the prompt text rather than inventing a different API.\n- Keep returned types stable across all branches.\n- Prefer deterministic iteration order unless randomness is explicitly requested.\n\n### Reference Card: Code Review Heuristics\n- Small helper functions are fine when they remove duplicated logic.\n- Prefer linear-time scans when they are natural for the task.\n- Avoid hidden quadratic behavior unless the input sizes are clearly tiny.\n- Keep naming close to the task statement so the generated code stays legible.\n- When a prompt includes examples, treat them as part of the contract.\n\n### Archived Spec 000\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n given threshold.\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], 0.5)\n False\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0], 0.3)\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 001\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.\n Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other\n Ignore any spaces in the input string.\n >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')\n ['()', '(())', '(()())']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 002\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n \"\"\" Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals\n (leftover part always smaller than 1).\n\n Return the decimal part of the number.\n >>> truncate_number(3.5)\n 0.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 003\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n \"\"\" You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and\n at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False.\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, 3])\n False\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, -4, 5])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 004\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n \"\"\" For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n around the mean of this dataset.\n Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each\n element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):\n MAD = average | x - x_mean |\n >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 005\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n >>> intersperse([], 4)\n []\n >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)\n [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 006\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.\n E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.\n\n >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')\n [2, 3, 1, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 007\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 008\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n \"\"\" For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.\n >>> sum_product([])\n (0, 1)\n >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])\n (10, 24)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 009\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n in the sequence.\n >>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])\n [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 010\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Test if given string is a palindrome \"\"\"\n return string == string[::-1]\n\n\ndef make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.\n Algorithm idea is simple:\n - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.\n - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.\n >>> make_palindrome('')\n ''\n >>> make_palindrome('cat')\n 'catac'\n >>> make_palindrome('cata')\n 'catac'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 011\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.\n >>> string_xor('010', '110')\n '100'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 012\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Optional\n\n\ndef longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n \"\"\" Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.\n >>> longest([])\n\n >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'a'\n >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])\n 'ccc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 013\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(3, 5)\n 1\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(25, 15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 014\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n >>> all_prefixes('abc')\n ['a', 'ab', 'abc']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 015\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n \"\"\" Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n >>> string_sequence(0)\n '0'\n >>> string_sequence(5)\n '0 1 2 3 4 5'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 016\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')\n 3\n >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')\n 4\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 017\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each\n not last.\n\n Here is a legend:\n 'o' - whole note, lasts four beats\n 'o|' - half note, lasts two beats\n '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat\n\n >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')\n [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 018\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n >>> how_many_times('', 'a')\n 0\n >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')\n 3\n >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 019\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.\n Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest\n >>> sort_numbers('three one five')\n 'one three five'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 020\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n \"\"\" From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.2])\n (2.0, 2.2)\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0])\n (2.0, 2.0)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 021\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n \"\"\" Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1\n >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])\n [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 022\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Any\n\n\ndef filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])\n [5]\n >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])\n [1, 2, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 023\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strlen(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return length of given string\n >>> strlen('')\n 0\n >>> strlen('abc')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 024\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n >>> largest_divisor(15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 025\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.\n Input number should be equal to the product of all factors\n >>> factorize(8)\n [2, 2, 2]\n >>> factorize(25)\n [5, 5]\n >>> factorize(70)\n [2, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 026\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 068\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pluck(arr):\n \"\"\"\n \"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes\n your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.\n The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.\n If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.\n\n The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],\n If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].\n\n Example 1:\n Input: [4,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.\n\n Example 2:\n Input: [1,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index. \n\n Example 3:\n Input: []\n Output: []\n \n Example 4:\n Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]\n Output: [0, 1]\n Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,\n so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000\n * 0 <= node.value\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 069\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef search(lst):\n '''\n You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than \n zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself. \n The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.\n If no such a value exist, return -1.\n Examples:\n search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2\n search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3\n search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 070\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strange_sort_list(lst):\n '''\n Given list of integers, return list in strange order.\n Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,\n then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.\n\n Examples:\n strange_sort_list([1, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 4, 2, 3]\n strange_sort_list([5, 5, 5, 5]) == [5, 5, 5, 5]\n strange_sort_list([]) == []\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 071\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, b, c):\n '''\n Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of\n the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle. \n Otherwise return -1\n Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater \n than the third side.\n Example:\n triangle_area(3, 4, 5) == 6.00\n triangle_area(1, 2, 10) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 072\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef will_it_fly(q,w):\n '''\n Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.\n The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.\n\n Example:\n will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) ➞ False \n # 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) ➞ False\n # it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) ➞ True\n # 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3], 5) ➞ True\n # 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 073\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef smallest_change(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that\n need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that\n is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.\n\n For example:\n smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 074\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef total_match(lst1, lst2):\n '''\n Write a function that accepts two lists of strings and returns the list that has \n total number of chars in the all strings of the list less than the other list.\n\n if the two lists have the same number of chars, return the first list.\n\n Examples\n total_match([], []) ➞ []\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'Hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'Hi']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hi', 'hi', 'admin', 'project']) ➞ ['hi', 'admin']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']\n total_match(['4'], ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']) ➞ ['4']\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 075\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_multiply_prime(a):\n \"\"\"Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers\n and false otherwise.\n Knowing that (a) is less then 100. \n Example:\n is_multiply_prime(30) == True\n 30 = 2 * 3 * 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 076\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_simple_power(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple\n power of n and false in other cases.\n x is a simple power of n if n**int=x\n For example:\n is_simple_power(1, 4) => true\n is_simple_power(2, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(8, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(3, 2) => false\n is_simple_power(3, 1) => false\n is_simple_power(5, 3) => false\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 077\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef iscube(a):\n '''\n Write a function that takes an integer a and returns True \n if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.\n Note: you may assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n iscube(1) ==> True\n iscube(2) ==> False\n iscube(-1) ==> True\n iscube(64) ==> True\n iscube(0) ==> True\n iscube(180) ==> False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 078\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef hex_key(num):\n \"\"\"You have been tasked to write a function that receives \n a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal \n digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number \n greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).\n Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.\n Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...\n So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, \n B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).\n Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, \n and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.\n Examples:\n For num = \"AB\" the output should be 1.\n For num = \"1077E\" the output should be 2.\n For num = \"ABED1A33\" the output should be 4.\n For num = \"123456789ABCDEF0\" the output should be 6.\n For num = \"2020\" the output should be 2.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 079\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef decimal_to_binary(decimal):\n \"\"\"You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to\n binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary\n number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.\n\n There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.\n The extra characters are there to help with the format.\n\n Examples:\n decimal_to_binary(15) # returns \"db1111db\"\n decimal_to_binary(32) # returns \"db100000db\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 080\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_happy(s):\n \"\"\"You are given a string s.\n Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.\n A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct\n For example:\n is_happy(a) => False\n is_happy(aa) => False\n is_happy(abcd) => True\n is_happy(aabb) => False\n is_happy(adb) => True\n is_happy(xyy) => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 081\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef numerical_letter_grade(grades):\n \"\"\"It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades\n to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.\n The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.\n She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write \n a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:\n GPA | Letter grade\n 4.0 A+\n > 3.7 A \n > 3.3 A- \n > 3.0 B+\n > 2.7 B \n > 2.3 B-\n > 2.0 C+\n > 1.7 C\n > 1.3 C-\n > 1.0 D+ \n > 0.7 D \n > 0.0 D-\n 0.0 E\n \n\n Example:\n grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 082\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_length(string):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string\n length is a prime number or False otherwise\n Examples\n prime_length('Hello') == True\n prime_length('abcdcba') == True\n prime_length('kittens') == True\n prime_length('orange') == False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 083\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef starts_one_ends(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit\n positive integers that start or end with 1.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 084\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solve(N):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.\n \n Example\n For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be \"1\".\n For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be \"110\".\n For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be \"1100\".\n \n Variables:\n @N integer\n Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.\n Output:\n a string of binary number\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 085\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..\n\n\n Examples:\n add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2 \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 086\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef anti_shuffle(s):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.\n Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)\n are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in\n ascending order based on ascii value.\n Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.\n\n For example:\n anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'\n anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'\n anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 087\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_row(lst, x):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,\n which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,\n each row may contain a different number of columns.\n Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,\n and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that\n each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.\n Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.\n Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.\n \n Examples:\n get_row([\n [1,2,3,4,5,6],\n [1,2,3,4,1,6],\n [1,2,3,4,5,1]\n ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]\n get_row([], 1) == []\n get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 088\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(array):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,\n you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,\n or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.\n\n Note:\n * don't change the given array.\n\n Examples:\n * sort_array([]) => []\n * sort_array([5]) => [5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 089\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encrypt(s):\n \"\"\"Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and\n returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. \n The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters \n shift down by two multiplied to two places.\n For example:\n encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'\n encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'\n encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'\n encrypt('et') returns 'ix'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 090\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef next_smallest(lst):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a list of integers.\n Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list.\n Return None if there is no such element.\n \n next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2\n next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2\n next_smallest([]) == None\n next_smallest([1, 1]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 091\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_bored(S):\n \"\"\"\n You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number\n of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word \"I\".\n Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.\n \n For example:\n >>> is_bored(\"Hello world\")\n 0\n >>> is_bored(\"The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather\")\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 092\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef any_int(x, y, z):\n '''\n Create a function that takes 3 numbers.\n Returns true if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two, and all numbers are integers.\n Returns false in any other cases.\n \n Examples\n any_int(5, 2, 7) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3, 2, 2) ➞ False\n\n any_int(3, -2, 1) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3.6, -2.2, 2) ➞ False\n \n\n \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 093\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode(message):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a \n way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in \n the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that \n vowel in the english alphabet. \n Assume only letters. \n \n Examples:\n >>> encode('test')\n 'TGST'\n >>> encode('This is a message')\n 'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 094\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef skjkasdkd(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of integers.\n You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits.\n\n Examples:\n For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10\n For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25\n For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13\n For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11\n For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3\n For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 095\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_dict_case(dict):\n \"\"\"\n Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower \n case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False.\n The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty.\n Examples:\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"b\":\"banana\"}) should return True.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"A\":\"banana\", \"B\":\"banana\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", 8:\"banana\", \"a\":\"apple\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"Name\":\"John\", \"Age\":\"36\", \"City\":\"Houston\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"STATE\":\"NC\", \"ZIP\":\"12345\" }) should return True.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 096\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_up_to(n):\n \"\"\"Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n\n integers that are prime numbers and less than n.\n for example:\n count_up_to(5) => [2,3]\n count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]\n count_up_to(0) => []\n count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]\n count_up_to(1) => []\n count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 097\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef multiply(a, b):\n \"\"\"Complete the function that takes two integers and returns \n the product of their unit digits.\n Assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n multiply(148, 412) should return 16.\n multiply(19, 28) should return 72.\n multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.\n multiply(14,-15) should return 20.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 098\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_upper(s):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.\n \n For example:\n count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1\n count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0\n count_upper('dBBE') returns 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 099\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef closest_integer(value):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number\n and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant\n from two integers, round it away from zero.\n\n Examples\n >>> closest_integer(\"10\")\n 10\n >>> closest_integer(\"15.3\")\n 15\n\n Note:\n Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant\n from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the\n farthest from zero. For example closest_integer(\"14.5\") should\n return 15 and closest_integer(\"-14.5\") should return -15.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 100\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef make_a_pile(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.\n The first level has n stones.\n The number of stones in the next level is:\n - the next odd number if n is odd.\n - the next even number if n is even.\n Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index\n i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).\n\n Examples:\n >>> make_a_pile(3)\n [3, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 101\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_string(s):\n \"\"\"\n You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is\n to split the string into words and return an array of the words.\n \n For example:\n words_string(\"Hi, my name is John\") == [\"Hi\", \"my\", \"name\", \"is\", \"John\"]\n words_string(\"One, two, three, four, five, six\") == [\"One\", \"two\", \"three\", \"four\", \"five\", \"six\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 102\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef choose_num(x, y):\n \"\"\"This function takes two positive numbers x and y and returns the\n biggest even integer number that is in the range [x, y] inclusive. If \n there's no such number, then the function should return -1.\n\n For example:\n choose_num(12, 15) = 14\n choose_num(13, 12) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 103\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef rounded_avg(n, m):\n \"\"\"You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the\n average of the integers from n through m (including n and m). \n Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.\n If n is greater than m, return -1.\n Example:\n rounded_avg(1, 5) => \"0b11\"\n rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1\n rounded_avg(10, 20) => \"0b1111\"\n rounded_avg(20, 33) => \"0b11010\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 104\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique_digits(x):\n \"\"\"Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all \n elements that hasn't any even digit.\n\n Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.\n \n For example:\n >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])\n [1, 15, 33]\n >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])\n []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 105\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef by_length(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,\n reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from\n \"One\", \"Two\", \"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\", \"Six\", \"Seven\", \"Eight\", \"Nine\".\n\n For example:\n arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3] \n -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8] \n -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]\n return [\"Eight\", \"Five\", \"Four\", \"Three\", \"Two\", \"Two\", \"One\", \"One\"]\n \n If the array is empty, return an empty array:\n arr = []\n return []\n \n If the array has any strange number ignore it:\n arr = [1, -1 , 55] \n -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]\n -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]\n return = ['One']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 106\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef f(n):\n \"\"\" Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter,\n and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even\n or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise.\n i starts from 1.\n the factorial of i is the multiplication of the numbers from 1 to i (1 * 2 * ... * i).\n Example:\n f(5) == [1, 2, 6, 24, 15]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 107\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_palindrome(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd\n integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: 3\n Output: (1, 2)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: 12\n Output: (4, 6)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.\n\n Note:\n 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3\n 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 108\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_nums(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns\n the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.\n If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:\n e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.\n >>> count_nums([]) == 0\n >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1\n >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 109\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef move_one_ball(arr):\n \"\"\"We have an array 'arr' of N integers arr[1], arr[2], ..., arr[N].The\n numbers in the array will be randomly ordered. Your task is to determine if\n it is possible to get an array sorted in non-decreasing order by performing \n the following operation on the given array:\n You are allowed to perform right shift operation any number of times.\n \n One right shift operation means shifting all elements of the array by one\n position in the right direction. The last element of the array will be moved to\n the starting position in the array i.e. 0th index. \n\n If it is possible to obtain the sorted array by performing the above operation\n then return True else return False.\n If the given array is empty then return True.\n\n Note: The given list is guaranteed to have unique elements.\n\n For Example:\n \n move_one_ball([3, 4, 5, 1, 2])==>True\n Explanation: By performin 2 right shift operations, non-decreasing order can\n be achieved for the given array.\n move_one_ball([3, 5, 4, 1, 2])==>False\n Explanation:It is not possible to get non-decreasing order for the given\n array by performing any number of right shift operations.\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 110\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef exchange(lst1, lst2):\n \"\"\"In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,\n and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements\n between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.\n There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.\n If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make\n all the elements of lst1 to be even, return \"YES\".\n Otherwise, return \"NO\".\n For example:\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => \"YES\"\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => \"NO\"\n It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 111\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef histogram(test):\n \"\"\"Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary\n of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.\n If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.\n \n Example:\n histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}\n histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}\n histogram('') == {}\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 112\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef reverse_delete(s,c):\n \"\"\"Task\n We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c\n then check if the result string is palindrome.\n A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.\n You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.\n Example\n For s = \"abcde\", c = \"ae\", the result should be ('bcd',False)\n For s = \"abcdef\", c = \"b\" the result should be ('acdef',False)\n For s = \"abcdedcba\", c = \"ab\", the result should be ('cdedc',True)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 113\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef odd_count(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.\n Each element i of the output should be \"the number of odd elements in the\n string i of the input.\" where all the i's should be replaced by the number\n of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.\n\n >>> odd_count(['1234567'])\n [\"the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput.\"]\n >>> odd_count(['3',\"11111111\"])\n [\"the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.\",\n \"the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput.\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 114\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minSubArraySum(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array\n of nums.\n Example\n minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1\n minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 115\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_fill(grid, capacity):\n import math\n \"\"\"\n You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,\n and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.\n Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, \n and all buckets have the same capacity.\n Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.\n Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 1\n Output: 6\n\n Example 2:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 2\n Output: 5\n \n Example 3:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]\n bucket_capacity : 5\n Output: 0\n\n Constraints:\n * all wells have the same length\n * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2\n * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2\n * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1\n * 1 <= capacity <= 10\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 116\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(arr):\n \"\"\"\n In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to\n number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.\n For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.\n\n It must be implemented like this:\n >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]\n >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 117\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef select_words(s, n):\n \"\"\"Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement \n a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly \n n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.\n If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.\n Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.\n Examples:\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 4) ==> [\"little\"]\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 3) ==> [\"Mary\", \"lamb\"]\n select_words(\"simple white space\", 2) ==> []\n select_words(\"Hello world\", 4) ==> [\"world\"]\n select_words(\"Uncle sam\", 3) ==> [\"Uncle\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 118\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_closest_vowel(word):\n \"\"\"You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between \n two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).\n \n Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't\n find any vowel met the above condition. \n\n You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.\n\n Example:\n get_closest_vowel(\"yogurt\") ==> \"u\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"FULL\") ==> \"U\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"quick\") ==> \"\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"ab\") ==> \"\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 119\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef match_parens(lst):\n '''\n You are given a list of two strings, both strings consist of open\n parentheses '(' or close parentheses ')' only.\n Your job is to check if it is possible to concatenate the two strings in\n some order, that the resulting string will be good.\n A string S is considered to be good if and only if all parentheses in S\n are balanced. For example: the string '(())()' is good, while the string\n '())' is not.\n Return 'Yes' if there's a way to make a good string, and return 'No' otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n match_parens(['()(', ')']) == 'Yes'\n match_parens([')', ')']) == 'No'\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 120\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef maximum(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list \n of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3\n Output: [-4, -3, 5]\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2\n Output: [4, 4]\n\n Example 3:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1\n Output: [2]\n\n Note:\n 1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].\n 2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].\n 3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 121\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solution(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.\n \n\n Examples\n solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12\n solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9\n solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 122\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add_elements(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return\n the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.\n\n Example:\n\n Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4\n Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3\n\n Constraints:\n 1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100\n 2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 123\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_odd_collatz(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.\n\n The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined\n as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the \n previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of \n the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous\n term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.\n\n Note: \n 1. Collatz(1) is [1].\n 2. returned list sorted in increasing order.\n\n For example:\n get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 124\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef valid_date(date):\n \"\"\"You have to write a function which validates a given date string and\n returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.\n The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:\n 1. The date string is not empty.\n 2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.\n 3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.\n 4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy\n\n for example: \n valid_date('03-11-2000') => True\n\n valid_date('15-01-2012') => False\n\n valid_date('04-0-2040') => False\n\n valid_date('06-04-2020') => True\n\n valid_date('06/04/2020') => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 125\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef split_words(txt):\n '''\n Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you\n should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the\n alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25\n Examples\n split_words(\"Hello world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"Hello,world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"abcdef\") == 3 \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 126\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_sorted(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted\n in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same\n number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.\n\n Examples\n is_sorted([5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 127\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef intersection(interval1, interval2):\n \"\"\"You are given two intervals,\n where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).\n The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)\n includes both start and end.\n For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.\n Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two \n intervals is a prime number.\n Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)\n which its length is 1, which not a prime number.\n If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return \"YES\",\n otherwise, return \"NO\".\n If the two intervals don't intersect, return \"NO\".\n\n\n [input/output] samples:\n intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> \"YES\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 128\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prod_signs(arr):\n \"\"\"\n You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return\n sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs\n of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.\n Note: return None for empty arr.\n\n Example:\n >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9\n >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0\n >>> prod_signs([]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 129\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minPath(grid, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, \n each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]\n inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.\n\n You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start\n from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,\n in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current\n cell.\n Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not\n necessarily distinct).\n You CANNOT go off the grid.\n A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if\n after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go\n through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less\n than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)\n such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have\n lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].\n It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.\n Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.\n\n Examples:\n\n Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3\n Output: [1, 2, 1]\n\n Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1\n Output: [1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 130\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef tri(n):\n \"\"\"Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in \n the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.\n Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:\n tri(1) = 3\n tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.\n tri(n) = tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.\n For example:\n tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2\n tri(4) = 3\n tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)\n = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 \n You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the \n first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.\n Examples:\n tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 131\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digits(n):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.\n Return 0 if all digits are even.\n For example:\n digits(1) == 1\n digits(4) == 0\n digits(235) == 15\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 132\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_nested(string):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.\n The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets \n where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.\n\n is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[][]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 133\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of numbers.\n You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,\n round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.\n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14\n For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98\n For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84\n For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29\n For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6\n \n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 134\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):\n '''\n Create a function that returns True if the last character\n of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not\n a part of a word, and False otherwise.\n Note: \"word\" is a group of characters separated by space.\n\n Examples:\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pie\") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e\") ➞ True\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e \") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"\") ➞ False \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 135\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef can_arrange(arr):\n \"\"\"Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which\n is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If\n no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain\n duplicate values.\n\n Examples:\n can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3\n can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 136\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_smallest_integers(lst):\n '''\n Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is\n the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest\n of positive integers in a list.\n If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.\n\n Examples:\n largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)\n largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)\n largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 137\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare_one(a, b):\n \"\"\"\n Create a function that takes integers, floats, or strings representing\n real numbers, and returns the larger variable in its given variable type.\n Return None if the values are equal.\n Note: If a real number is represented as a string, the floating point might be . or ,\n\n compare_one(1, 2.5) ➞ 2.5\n compare_one(1, \"2,3\") ➞ \"2,3\"\n compare_one(\"5,1\", \"6\") ➞ \"6\"\n compare_one(\"1\", 1) ➞ None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 138\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_equal_to_sum_even(n):\n \"\"\"Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers\n Example\n is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 139\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef special_factorial(n):\n \"\"\"The Brazilian factorial is defined as:\n brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!\n where n > 0\n\n For example:\n >>> special_factorial(4)\n 288\n\n The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special\n factorial of this integer.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 140\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fix_spaces(text):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, \n and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, \n then replace all consecutive spaces with - \n \n fix_spaces(\"Example\") == \"Example\"\n fix_spaces(\"Example 1\") == \"Example_1\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 2\") == \"_Example_2\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 3\") == \"_Example-3\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 141\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef file_name_check(file_name):\n \"\"\"Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns\n 'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.\n A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions \n are met:\n - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.\n - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'\n - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from \n the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').\n - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']\n Examples:\n file_name_check(\"example.txt\") # => 'Yes'\n file_name_check(\"1example.dll\") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 142\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"\"\n This function will take a list of integers. For all entries in the list, the function shall square the integer entry if its index is a \n multiple of 3 and will cube the integer entry if its index is a multiple of 4 and not a multiple of 3. The function will not \n change the entries in the list whose indexes are not a multiple of 3 or 4. The function shall then return the sum of all entries. \n \n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 6\n For lst = [] the output should be 0\n For lst = [-1,-5,2,-1,-5] the output should be -126\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 143\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_in_sentence(sentence):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a string representing a sentence,\n the sentence contains some words separated by a space,\n and you have to return a string that contains the words from the original sentence,\n whose lengths are prime numbers,\n the order of the words in the new string should be the same as the original one.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: sentence = \"This is a test\"\n Output: \"is\"\n\n Example 2:\n Input: sentence = \"lets go for swimming\"\n Output: \"go for\"\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= len(sentence) <= 100\n * sentence contains only letters\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 144\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef simplify(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to implement a function that will simplify the expression\n x * n. The function returns True if x * n evaluates to a whole number and False\n otherwise. Both x and n, are string representation of a fraction, and have the following format,\n <numerator>/<denominator> where both numerator and denominator are positive whole numbers.\n\n You can assume that x, and n are valid fractions, and do not have zero as denominator.\n\n simplify(\"1/5\", \"5/1\") = True\n simplify(\"1/6\", \"2/1\") = False\n simplify(\"7/10\", \"10/2\") = False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 145\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef order_by_points(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function which sorts the given list of integers\n in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.\n Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,\n order them based on their index in original list.\n\n For example:\n >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]\n >>> order_by_points([]) == []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 146\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef specialFilter(nums):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns \n the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both \n first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).\n For example:\n specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 \n specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 147\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_max_triples(n):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a positive integer n. You have to create an integer array a of length n.\n For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ n), the value of a[i] = i * i - i + 1.\n Return the number of triples (a[i], a[j], a[k]) of a where i < j < k, \n and a[i] + a[j] + a[k] is a multiple of 3.\n\n Example :\n Input: n = 5\n Output: 1\n Explanation: \n a = [1, 3, 7, 13, 21]\n The only valid triple is (1, 7, 13).\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 148\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef bf(planet1, planet2):\n '''\n There are eight planets in our solar system: the closerst to the Sun \n is Mercury, the next one is Venus, then Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, \n Uranus, Neptune.\n Write a function that takes two planet names as strings planet1 and planet2. \n The function should return a tuple containing all planets whose orbits are \n located between the orbit of planet1 and the orbit of planet2, sorted by \n the proximity to the sun. \n The function should return an empty tuple if planet1 or planet2\n are not correct planet names. \n Examples\n bf(\"Jupiter\", \"Neptune\") ==> (\"Saturn\", \"Uranus\")\n bf(\"Earth\", \"Mercury\") ==> (\"Venus\")\n bf(\"Mercury\", \"Uranus\") ==> (\"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\", \"Jupiter\", \"Saturn\")\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 149\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sorted_list_sum(lst):\n \"\"\"Write a function that accepts a list of strings as a parameter,\n deletes the strings that have odd lengths from it,\n and returns the resulted list with a sorted order,\n The list is always a list of strings and never an array of numbers,\n and it may contain duplicates.\n The order of the list should be ascending by length of each word, and you\n should return the list sorted by that rule.\n If two words have the same length, sort the list alphabetically.\n The function should return a list of strings in sorted order.\n You may assume that all words will have the same length.\n For example:\n assert list_sort([\"aa\", \"a\", \"aaa\"]) => [\"aa\"]\n assert list_sort([\"ab\", \"a\", \"aaa\", \"cd\"]) => [\"ab\", \"cd\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 150\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef x_or_y(n, x, y):\n \"\"\"A simple program which should return the value of x if n is \n a prime number and should return the value of y otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n for x_or_y(7, 34, 12) == 34\n for x_or_y(15, 8, 5) == 5\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 151\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef double_the_difference(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers\n in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.\n \n double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10\n double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0\n double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81\n double_the_difference([0]) == 0 \n \n If the input list is empty, return 0.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 152\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare(game,guess):\n \"\"\"I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited\n event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are\n definitely worth noting down and comparing.\n Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.\n You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match. \n Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,\n the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.\n \n \n example:\n\n compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]\n compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 153\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):\n \"\"\"You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.\n The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The\n strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase\n letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters \n in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM. \n You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this \n format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.\n If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should\n choose the one that comes first in the list.\n For example, if you are given \"Slices\" as the class and a list of the\n extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should\n return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension \n (its strength is -1).\n Example:\n for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 154\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef cycpattern_check(a , b):\n \"\"\"You are given 2 words. You need to return True if the second word or any of its rotations is a substring in the first word\n cycpattern_check(\"abcd\",\"abd\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"hello\",\"ell\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"whassup\",\"psus\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"abab\",\"baa\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"efef\",\"eeff\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"himenss\",\"simen\") => True\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 155\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_count(num):\n \"\"\"Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.\n\n Example:\n even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)\n even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 156\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef int_to_mini_roman(number):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer, obtain its roman numeral equivalent as a string,\n and return it in lowercase.\n Restrictions: 1 <= num <= 1000\n\n Examples:\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(19) == 'xix'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(152) == 'clii'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(426) == 'cdxxvi'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Signature Index 000\n# Signature: def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n# Summary: Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 001\n# Signature: def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 002\n# Signature: def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n# Summary: Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 003\n# Signature: def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n# Summary: You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 004\n# Signature: def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n# Summary: For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 005\n# Signature: def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 006\n# Signature: def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 007\n# Signature: def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 008\n# Signature: def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n# Summary: For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 009\n# Signature: def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 010\n# Signature: def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n# Summary: Test if given string is a palindrome\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 011\n# Signature: def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 012\n# Signature: def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n# Summary: Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n# Imports: from typing import List, Optional\n\n### Signature Index 013\n# Signature: def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n# Summary: Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 014\n# Signature: def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 015\n# Signature: def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n# Summary: Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 016\n# Signature: def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 017\n# Signature: def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 018\n# Signature: def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 019\n# Signature: def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 020\n# Signature: def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n# Summary: From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 021\n# Signature: def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n# Summary: Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 022\n# Signature: def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n# Imports: from typing import List, Any\n\n### Signature Index 023\n# Signature: def strlen(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Return length of given string\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 024\n# Signature: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n# Summary: For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 025\n# Signature: def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 026\n# Signature: def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 027\n# Signature: def flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n# Summary: For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 028\n# Signature: def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n# Summary: Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 029\n# Signature: def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 030\n# Signature: def get_positive(l: list):\n# Summary: Return only positive numbers in the list.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 031\n# Signature: def is_prime(n):\n# Summary: Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 032\n# Signature: def poly(xs: list, x: float):\n# Summary: Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n# Imports: import math\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n### Local Workspace Digest\n# Request type: hot\n# Benchmark request serial: 00189\n# Source prompt row: 025\n# Source cycle: 001\n# Active signature: def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n# Prompt summary: Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n# Imports in active task: from typing import List\n# Example: factorize(8)\n# Example: factorize(25)\n# Example: factorize(70)\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 026\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n# pad: deterministic code path.\n# pad: docstring-compatible behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n# pad: deterministic code path.\n### Active Task\nOnly the task below should be solved. Archived context above is reference-only.\n\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.\n Input number should be equal to the product of all factors\n >>> factorize(8)\n [2, 2, 2]\n >>> factorize(25)\n [5, 5]\n >>> factorize(70)\n [2, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n"},"output_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":1000,"string":"1,000"},"cache_group":{"kind":"string","value":"hot"},"prompt_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":29998,"string":"29,998"},"shared_prefix_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":25468,"string":"25,468"},"request_serial":{"kind":"number","value":189,"string":"189"},"source_row":{"kind":"number","value":25,"string":"25"},"source_cycle":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"}}},{"rowIdx":190,"cells":{"prompt":{"kind":"string","value":"### Cold Prefix Variant 029\n# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.\n\n### Shared Repository Context\nThe following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.\nIt is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python\nfunction completion request instead of synthetic random text.\n\nImportant behavior rules:\n1. Treat the archived task specs below as background context only.\n2. Solve only the final active task that appears near the end of the prompt.\n3. Keep the style compatible with concise Python function-completion workloads.\n4. Reuse the archived material only as reference context; do not answer those archived tasks.\n5. Maintain deterministic coding style, straightforward helper usage, and compatible docstring behavior.\n\n### Engineering Policy Cards\n- Prefer pure Python unless the task clearly requires external libraries.\n- Preserve function signatures exactly and keep helper functions local when useful.\n- Use readable loops and conditionals over clever one-liners when correctness is easier to audit.\n- Match documented examples and edge cases before micro-optimizing.\n- Favor total correctness over partial heuristic behavior.\n- When a task is arithmetic or parsing heavy, write simple invariants directly in code.\n- When a task is list or string oriented, keep state transitions obvious and test-friendly.\n- Avoid surprising side effects and global state.\n- Make code stable under empty inputs, singleton inputs, and boundary values when applicable.\n\n### Archived Humaneval-Style Specifications\nThe archive below keeps the prompt distribution aligned with Python function-completion tasks.\nOnly the final active task should be completed.\n\n### Reference Card: Python Completion Habits\n- Preserve imports that appear relevant to the target signature.\n- Use helpers only when they reduce branching complexity or repeated logic.\n- Prefer direct implementations that align with doctest examples.\n- Keep mutations local and obvious.\n- If a task implies sorting, grouping, scanning, counting, or stack-like behavior, make that explicit.\n- If a task implies number theory or geometry, encode the formula directly and keep units consistent.\n\n### Reference Card: Verification Checklist\n- Check empty sequences, repeated values, and off-by-one boundaries.\n- Respect whether the task asks for a value, a boolean, a string transform, or a list transform.\n- Follow the semantics implied by the prompt text rather than inventing a different API.\n- Keep returned types stable across all branches.\n- Prefer deterministic iteration order unless randomness is explicitly requested.\n\n### Reference Card: Code Review Heuristics\n- Small helper functions are fine when they remove duplicated logic.\n- Prefer linear-time scans when they are natural for the task.\n- Avoid hidden quadratic behavior unless the input sizes are clearly tiny.\n- Keep naming close to the task statement so the generated code stays legible.\n- When a prompt includes examples, treat them as part of the contract.\n\n### Archived Spec 000\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n given threshold.\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], 0.5)\n False\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0], 0.3)\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 001\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.\n Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other\n Ignore any spaces in the input string.\n >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')\n ['()', '(())', '(()())']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 002\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n \"\"\" Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals\n (leftover part always smaller than 1).\n\n Return the decimal part of the number.\n >>> truncate_number(3.5)\n 0.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 003\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n \"\"\" You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and\n at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False.\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, 3])\n False\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, -4, 5])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 004\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n \"\"\" For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n around the mean of this dataset.\n Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each\n element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):\n MAD = average | x - x_mean |\n >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 005\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n >>> intersperse([], 4)\n []\n >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)\n [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 006\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.\n E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.\n\n >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')\n [2, 3, 1, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 007\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 008\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n \"\"\" For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.\n >>> sum_product([])\n (0, 1)\n >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])\n (10, 24)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 009\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n in the sequence.\n >>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])\n [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 010\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Test if given string is a palindrome \"\"\"\n return string == string[::-1]\n\n\ndef make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.\n Algorithm idea is simple:\n - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.\n - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.\n >>> make_palindrome('')\n ''\n >>> make_palindrome('cat')\n 'catac'\n >>> make_palindrome('cata')\n 'catac'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 011\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.\n >>> string_xor('010', '110')\n '100'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 012\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Optional\n\n\ndef longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n \"\"\" Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.\n >>> longest([])\n\n >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'a'\n >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])\n 'ccc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 013\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(3, 5)\n 1\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(25, 15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 014\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n >>> all_prefixes('abc')\n ['a', 'ab', 'abc']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 015\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n \"\"\" Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n >>> string_sequence(0)\n '0'\n >>> string_sequence(5)\n '0 1 2 3 4 5'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 016\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')\n 3\n >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')\n 4\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 017\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each\n not last.\n\n Here is a legend:\n 'o' - whole note, lasts four beats\n 'o|' - half note, lasts two beats\n '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat\n\n >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')\n [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 018\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n >>> how_many_times('', 'a')\n 0\n >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')\n 3\n >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 019\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.\n Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest\n >>> sort_numbers('three one five')\n 'one three five'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 020\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n \"\"\" From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.2])\n (2.0, 2.2)\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0])\n (2.0, 2.0)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 021\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n \"\"\" Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1\n >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])\n [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 022\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Any\n\n\ndef filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])\n [5]\n >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])\n [1, 2, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 023\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strlen(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return length of given string\n >>> strlen('')\n 0\n >>> strlen('abc')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 024\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n >>> largest_divisor(15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 025\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.\n Input number should be equal to the product of all factors\n >>> factorize(8)\n [2, 2, 2]\n >>> factorize(25)\n [5, 5]\n >>> factorize(70)\n [2, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 026\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 068\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pluck(arr):\n \"\"\"\n \"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes\n your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.\n The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.\n If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.\n\n The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],\n If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].\n\n Example 1:\n Input: [4,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.\n\n Example 2:\n Input: [1,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index. \n\n Example 3:\n Input: []\n Output: []\n \n Example 4:\n Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]\n Output: [0, 1]\n Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,\n so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000\n * 0 <= node.value\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 069\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef search(lst):\n '''\n You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than \n zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself. \n The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.\n If no such a value exist, return -1.\n Examples:\n search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2\n search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3\n search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 070\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strange_sort_list(lst):\n '''\n Given list of integers, return list in strange order.\n Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,\n then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.\n\n Examples:\n strange_sort_list([1, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 4, 2, 3]\n strange_sort_list([5, 5, 5, 5]) == [5, 5, 5, 5]\n strange_sort_list([]) == []\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 071\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, b, c):\n '''\n Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of\n the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle. \n Otherwise return -1\n Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater \n than the third side.\n Example:\n triangle_area(3, 4, 5) == 6.00\n triangle_area(1, 2, 10) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 072\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef will_it_fly(q,w):\n '''\n Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.\n The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.\n\n Example:\n will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) ➞ False \n # 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) ➞ False\n # it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) ➞ True\n # 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3], 5) ➞ True\n # 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 073\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef smallest_change(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that\n need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that\n is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.\n\n For example:\n smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 074\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef total_match(lst1, lst2):\n '''\n Write a function that accepts two lists of strings and returns the list that has \n total number of chars in the all strings of the list less than the other list.\n\n if the two lists have the same number of chars, return the first list.\n\n Examples\n total_match([], []) ➞ []\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'Hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'Hi']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hi', 'hi', 'admin', 'project']) ➞ ['hi', 'admin']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']\n total_match(['4'], ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']) ➞ ['4']\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 075\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_multiply_prime(a):\n \"\"\"Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers\n and false otherwise.\n Knowing that (a) is less then 100. \n Example:\n is_multiply_prime(30) == True\n 30 = 2 * 3 * 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 076\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_simple_power(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple\n power of n and false in other cases.\n x is a simple power of n if n**int=x\n For example:\n is_simple_power(1, 4) => true\n is_simple_power(2, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(8, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(3, 2) => false\n is_simple_power(3, 1) => false\n is_simple_power(5, 3) => false\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 077\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef iscube(a):\n '''\n Write a function that takes an integer a and returns True \n if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.\n Note: you may assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n iscube(1) ==> True\n iscube(2) ==> False\n iscube(-1) ==> True\n iscube(64) ==> True\n iscube(0) ==> True\n iscube(180) ==> False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 078\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef hex_key(num):\n \"\"\"You have been tasked to write a function that receives \n a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal \n digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number \n greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).\n Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.\n Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...\n So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, \n B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).\n Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, \n and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.\n Examples:\n For num = \"AB\" the output should be 1.\n For num = \"1077E\" the output should be 2.\n For num = \"ABED1A33\" the output should be 4.\n For num = \"123456789ABCDEF0\" the output should be 6.\n For num = \"2020\" the output should be 2.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 079\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef decimal_to_binary(decimal):\n \"\"\"You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to\n binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary\n number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.\n\n There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.\n The extra characters are there to help with the format.\n\n Examples:\n decimal_to_binary(15) # returns \"db1111db\"\n decimal_to_binary(32) # returns \"db100000db\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 080\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_happy(s):\n \"\"\"You are given a string s.\n Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.\n A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct\n For example:\n is_happy(a) => False\n is_happy(aa) => False\n is_happy(abcd) => True\n is_happy(aabb) => False\n is_happy(adb) => True\n is_happy(xyy) => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 081\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef numerical_letter_grade(grades):\n \"\"\"It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades\n to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.\n The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.\n She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write \n a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:\n GPA | Letter grade\n 4.0 A+\n > 3.7 A \n > 3.3 A- \n > 3.0 B+\n > 2.7 B \n > 2.3 B-\n > 2.0 C+\n > 1.7 C\n > 1.3 C-\n > 1.0 D+ \n > 0.7 D \n > 0.0 D-\n 0.0 E\n \n\n Example:\n grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 082\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_length(string):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string\n length is a prime number or False otherwise\n Examples\n prime_length('Hello') == True\n prime_length('abcdcba') == True\n prime_length('kittens') == True\n prime_length('orange') == False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 083\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef starts_one_ends(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit\n positive integers that start or end with 1.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 084\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solve(N):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.\n \n Example\n For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be \"1\".\n For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be \"110\".\n For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be \"1100\".\n \n Variables:\n @N integer\n Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.\n Output:\n a string of binary number\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 085\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..\n\n\n Examples:\n add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2 \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 086\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef anti_shuffle(s):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.\n Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)\n are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in\n ascending order based on ascii value.\n Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.\n\n For example:\n anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'\n anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'\n anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 087\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_row(lst, x):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,\n which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,\n each row may contain a different number of columns.\n Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,\n and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that\n each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.\n Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.\n Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.\n \n Examples:\n get_row([\n [1,2,3,4,5,6],\n [1,2,3,4,1,6],\n [1,2,3,4,5,1]\n ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]\n get_row([], 1) == []\n get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 088\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(array):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,\n you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,\n or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.\n\n Note:\n * don't change the given array.\n\n Examples:\n * sort_array([]) => []\n * sort_array([5]) => [5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 089\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encrypt(s):\n \"\"\"Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and\n returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. \n The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters \n shift down by two multiplied to two places.\n For example:\n encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'\n encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'\n encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'\n encrypt('et') returns 'ix'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 090\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef next_smallest(lst):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a list of integers.\n Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list.\n Return None if there is no such element.\n \n next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2\n next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2\n next_smallest([]) == None\n next_smallest([1, 1]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 091\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_bored(S):\n \"\"\"\n You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number\n of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word \"I\".\n Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.\n \n For example:\n >>> is_bored(\"Hello world\")\n 0\n >>> is_bored(\"The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather\")\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 092\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef any_int(x, y, z):\n '''\n Create a function that takes 3 numbers.\n Returns true if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two, and all numbers are integers.\n Returns false in any other cases.\n \n Examples\n any_int(5, 2, 7) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3, 2, 2) ➞ False\n\n any_int(3, -2, 1) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3.6, -2.2, 2) ➞ False\n \n\n \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 093\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode(message):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a \n way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in \n the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that \n vowel in the english alphabet. \n Assume only letters. \n \n Examples:\n >>> encode('test')\n 'TGST'\n >>> encode('This is a message')\n 'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 094\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef skjkasdkd(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of integers.\n You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits.\n\n Examples:\n For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10\n For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25\n For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13\n For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11\n For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3\n For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 095\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_dict_case(dict):\n \"\"\"\n Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower \n case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False.\n The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty.\n Examples:\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"b\":\"banana\"}) should return True.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"A\":\"banana\", \"B\":\"banana\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", 8:\"banana\", \"a\":\"apple\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"Name\":\"John\", \"Age\":\"36\", \"City\":\"Houston\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"STATE\":\"NC\", \"ZIP\":\"12345\" }) should return True.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 096\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_up_to(n):\n \"\"\"Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n\n integers that are prime numbers and less than n.\n for example:\n count_up_to(5) => [2,3]\n count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]\n count_up_to(0) => []\n count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]\n count_up_to(1) => []\n count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 097\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef multiply(a, b):\n \"\"\"Complete the function that takes two integers and returns \n the product of their unit digits.\n Assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n multiply(148, 412) should return 16.\n multiply(19, 28) should return 72.\n multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.\n multiply(14,-15) should return 20.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 098\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_upper(s):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.\n \n For example:\n count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1\n count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0\n count_upper('dBBE') returns 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 099\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef closest_integer(value):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number\n and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant\n from two integers, round it away from zero.\n\n Examples\n >>> closest_integer(\"10\")\n 10\n >>> closest_integer(\"15.3\")\n 15\n\n Note:\n Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant\n from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the\n farthest from zero. For example closest_integer(\"14.5\") should\n return 15 and closest_integer(\"-14.5\") should return -15.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 100\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef make_a_pile(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.\n The first level has n stones.\n The number of stones in the next level is:\n - the next odd number if n is odd.\n - the next even number if n is even.\n Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index\n i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).\n\n Examples:\n >>> make_a_pile(3)\n [3, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 101\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_string(s):\n \"\"\"\n You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is\n to split the string into words and return an array of the words.\n \n For example:\n words_string(\"Hi, my name is John\") == [\"Hi\", \"my\", \"name\", \"is\", \"John\"]\n words_string(\"One, two, three, four, five, six\") == [\"One\", \"two\", \"three\", \"four\", \"five\", \"six\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 102\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef choose_num(x, y):\n \"\"\"This function takes two positive numbers x and y and returns the\n biggest even integer number that is in the range [x, y] inclusive. If \n there's no such number, then the function should return -1.\n\n For example:\n choose_num(12, 15) = 14\n choose_num(13, 12) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 103\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef rounded_avg(n, m):\n \"\"\"You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the\n average of the integers from n through m (including n and m). \n Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.\n If n is greater than m, return -1.\n Example:\n rounded_avg(1, 5) => \"0b11\"\n rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1\n rounded_avg(10, 20) => \"0b1111\"\n rounded_avg(20, 33) => \"0b11010\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 104\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique_digits(x):\n \"\"\"Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all \n elements that hasn't any even digit.\n\n Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.\n \n For example:\n >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])\n [1, 15, 33]\n >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])\n []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 105\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef by_length(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,\n reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from\n \"One\", \"Two\", \"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\", \"Six\", \"Seven\", \"Eight\", \"Nine\".\n\n For example:\n arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3] \n -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8] \n -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]\n return [\"Eight\", \"Five\", \"Four\", \"Three\", \"Two\", \"Two\", \"One\", \"One\"]\n \n If the array is empty, return an empty array:\n arr = []\n return []\n \n If the array has any strange number ignore it:\n arr = [1, -1 , 55] \n -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]\n -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]\n return = ['One']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 106\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef f(n):\n \"\"\" Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter,\n and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even\n or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise.\n i starts from 1.\n the factorial of i is the multiplication of the numbers from 1 to i (1 * 2 * ... * i).\n Example:\n f(5) == [1, 2, 6, 24, 15]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 107\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_palindrome(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd\n integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: 3\n Output: (1, 2)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: 12\n Output: (4, 6)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.\n\n Note:\n 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3\n 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 108\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_nums(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns\n the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.\n If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:\n e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.\n >>> count_nums([]) == 0\n >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1\n >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 109\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef move_one_ball(arr):\n \"\"\"We have an array 'arr' of N integers arr[1], arr[2], ..., arr[N].The\n numbers in the array will be randomly ordered. Your task is to determine if\n it is possible to get an array sorted in non-decreasing order by performing \n the following operation on the given array:\n You are allowed to perform right shift operation any number of times.\n \n One right shift operation means shifting all elements of the array by one\n position in the right direction. The last element of the array will be moved to\n the starting position in the array i.e. 0th index. \n\n If it is possible to obtain the sorted array by performing the above operation\n then return True else return False.\n If the given array is empty then return True.\n\n Note: The given list is guaranteed to have unique elements.\n\n For Example:\n \n move_one_ball([3, 4, 5, 1, 2])==>True\n Explanation: By performin 2 right shift operations, non-decreasing order can\n be achieved for the given array.\n move_one_ball([3, 5, 4, 1, 2])==>False\n Explanation:It is not possible to get non-decreasing order for the given\n array by performing any number of right shift operations.\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 110\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef exchange(lst1, lst2):\n \"\"\"In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,\n and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements\n between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.\n There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.\n If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make\n all the elements of lst1 to be even, return \"YES\".\n Otherwise, return \"NO\".\n For example:\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => \"YES\"\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => \"NO\"\n It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 111\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef histogram(test):\n \"\"\"Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary\n of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.\n If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.\n \n Example:\n histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}\n histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}\n histogram('') == {}\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 112\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef reverse_delete(s,c):\n \"\"\"Task\n We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c\n then check if the result string is palindrome.\n A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.\n You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.\n Example\n For s = \"abcde\", c = \"ae\", the result should be ('bcd',False)\n For s = \"abcdef\", c = \"b\" the result should be ('acdef',False)\n For s = \"abcdedcba\", c = \"ab\", the result should be ('cdedc',True)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 113\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef odd_count(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.\n Each element i of the output should be \"the number of odd elements in the\n string i of the input.\" where all the i's should be replaced by the number\n of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.\n\n >>> odd_count(['1234567'])\n [\"the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput.\"]\n >>> odd_count(['3',\"11111111\"])\n [\"the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.\",\n \"the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput.\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 114\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minSubArraySum(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array\n of nums.\n Example\n minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1\n minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 115\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_fill(grid, capacity):\n import math\n \"\"\"\n You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,\n and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.\n Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, \n and all buckets have the same capacity.\n Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.\n Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 1\n Output: 6\n\n Example 2:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 2\n Output: 5\n \n Example 3:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]\n bucket_capacity : 5\n Output: 0\n\n Constraints:\n * all wells have the same length\n * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2\n * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2\n * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1\n * 1 <= capacity <= 10\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 116\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(arr):\n \"\"\"\n In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to\n number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.\n For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.\n\n It must be implemented like this:\n >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]\n >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 117\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef select_words(s, n):\n \"\"\"Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement \n a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly \n n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.\n If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.\n Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.\n Examples:\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 4) ==> [\"little\"]\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 3) ==> [\"Mary\", \"lamb\"]\n select_words(\"simple white space\", 2) ==> []\n select_words(\"Hello world\", 4) ==> [\"world\"]\n select_words(\"Uncle sam\", 3) ==> [\"Uncle\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 118\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_closest_vowel(word):\n \"\"\"You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between \n two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).\n \n Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't\n find any vowel met the above condition. \n\n You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.\n\n Example:\n get_closest_vowel(\"yogurt\") ==> \"u\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"FULL\") ==> \"U\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"quick\") ==> \"\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"ab\") ==> \"\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 119\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef match_parens(lst):\n '''\n You are given a list of two strings, both strings consist of open\n parentheses '(' or close parentheses ')' only.\n Your job is to check if it is possible to concatenate the two strings in\n some order, that the resulting string will be good.\n A string S is considered to be good if and only if all parentheses in S\n are balanced. For example: the string '(())()' is good, while the string\n '())' is not.\n Return 'Yes' if there's a way to make a good string, and return 'No' otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n match_parens(['()(', ')']) == 'Yes'\n match_parens([')', ')']) == 'No'\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 120\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef maximum(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list \n of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3\n Output: [-4, -3, 5]\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2\n Output: [4, 4]\n\n Example 3:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1\n Output: [2]\n\n Note:\n 1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].\n 2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].\n 3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 121\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solution(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.\n \n\n Examples\n solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12\n solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9\n solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 122\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add_elements(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return\n the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.\n\n Example:\n\n Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4\n Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3\n\n Constraints:\n 1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100\n 2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 123\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_odd_collatz(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.\n\n The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined\n as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the \n previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of \n the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous\n term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.\n\n Note: \n 1. Collatz(1) is [1].\n 2. returned list sorted in increasing order.\n\n For example:\n get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 124\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef valid_date(date):\n \"\"\"You have to write a function which validates a given date string and\n returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.\n The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:\n 1. The date string is not empty.\n 2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.\n 3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.\n 4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy\n\n for example: \n valid_date('03-11-2000') => True\n\n valid_date('15-01-2012') => False\n\n valid_date('04-0-2040') => False\n\n valid_date('06-04-2020') => True\n\n valid_date('06/04/2020') => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 125\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef split_words(txt):\n '''\n Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you\n should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the\n alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25\n Examples\n split_words(\"Hello world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"Hello,world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"abcdef\") == 3 \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 126\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_sorted(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted\n in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same\n number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.\n\n Examples\n is_sorted([5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 127\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef intersection(interval1, interval2):\n \"\"\"You are given two intervals,\n where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).\n The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)\n includes both start and end.\n For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.\n Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two \n intervals is a prime number.\n Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)\n which its length is 1, which not a prime number.\n If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return \"YES\",\n otherwise, return \"NO\".\n If the two intervals don't intersect, return \"NO\".\n\n\n [input/output] samples:\n intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> \"YES\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 128\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prod_signs(arr):\n \"\"\"\n You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return\n sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs\n of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.\n Note: return None for empty arr.\n\n Example:\n >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9\n >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0\n >>> prod_signs([]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 129\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minPath(grid, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, \n each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]\n inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.\n\n You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start\n from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,\n in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current\n cell.\n Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not\n necessarily distinct).\n You CANNOT go off the grid.\n A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if\n after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go\n through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less\n than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)\n such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have\n lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].\n It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.\n Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.\n\n Examples:\n\n Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3\n Output: [1, 2, 1]\n\n Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1\n Output: [1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 130\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef tri(n):\n \"\"\"Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in \n the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.\n Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:\n tri(1) = 3\n tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.\n tri(n) = tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.\n For example:\n tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2\n tri(4) = 3\n tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)\n = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 \n You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the \n first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.\n Examples:\n tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 131\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digits(n):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.\n Return 0 if all digits are even.\n For example:\n digits(1) == 1\n digits(4) == 0\n digits(235) == 15\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 132\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_nested(string):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.\n The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets \n where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.\n\n is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[][]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 133\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of numbers.\n You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,\n round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.\n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14\n For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98\n For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84\n For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29\n For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6\n \n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 134\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):\n '''\n Create a function that returns True if the last character\n of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not\n a part of a word, and False otherwise.\n Note: \"word\" is a group of characters separated by space.\n\n Examples:\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pie\") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e\") ➞ True\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e \") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"\") ➞ False \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 135\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef can_arrange(arr):\n \"\"\"Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which\n is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If\n no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain\n duplicate values.\n\n Examples:\n can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3\n can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 136\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_smallest_integers(lst):\n '''\n Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is\n the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest\n of positive integers in a list.\n If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.\n\n Examples:\n largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)\n largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)\n largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 137\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare_one(a, b):\n \"\"\"\n Create a function that takes integers, floats, or strings representing\n real numbers, and returns the larger variable in its given variable type.\n Return None if the values are equal.\n Note: If a real number is represented as a string, the floating point might be . or ,\n\n compare_one(1, 2.5) ➞ 2.5\n compare_one(1, \"2,3\") ➞ \"2,3\"\n compare_one(\"5,1\", \"6\") ➞ \"6\"\n compare_one(\"1\", 1) ➞ None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 138\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_equal_to_sum_even(n):\n \"\"\"Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers\n Example\n is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 139\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef special_factorial(n):\n \"\"\"The Brazilian factorial is defined as:\n brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!\n where n > 0\n\n For example:\n >>> special_factorial(4)\n 288\n\n The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special\n factorial of this integer.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 140\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fix_spaces(text):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, \n and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, \n then replace all consecutive spaces with - \n \n fix_spaces(\"Example\") == \"Example\"\n fix_spaces(\"Example 1\") == \"Example_1\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 2\") == \"_Example_2\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 3\") == \"_Example-3\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 141\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef file_name_check(file_name):\n \"\"\"Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns\n 'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.\n A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions \n are met:\n - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.\n - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'\n - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from \n the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').\n - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']\n Examples:\n file_name_check(\"example.txt\") # => 'Yes'\n file_name_check(\"1example.dll\") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 142\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"\"\n This function will take a list of integers. For all entries in the list, the function shall square the integer entry if its index is a \n multiple of 3 and will cube the integer entry if its index is a multiple of 4 and not a multiple of 3. The function will not \n change the entries in the list whose indexes are not a multiple of 3 or 4. The function shall then return the sum of all entries. \n \n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 6\n For lst = [] the output should be 0\n For lst = [-1,-5,2,-1,-5] the output should be -126\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 143\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_in_sentence(sentence):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a string representing a sentence,\n the sentence contains some words separated by a space,\n and you have to return a string that contains the words from the original sentence,\n whose lengths are prime numbers,\n the order of the words in the new string should be the same as the original one.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: sentence = \"This is a test\"\n Output: \"is\"\n\n Example 2:\n Input: sentence = \"lets go for swimming\"\n Output: \"go for\"\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= len(sentence) <= 100\n * sentence contains only letters\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 144\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef simplify(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to implement a function that will simplify the expression\n x * n. The function returns True if x * n evaluates to a whole number and False\n otherwise. Both x and n, are string representation of a fraction, and have the following format,\n <numerator>/<denominator> where both numerator and denominator are positive whole numbers.\n\n You can assume that x, and n are valid fractions, and do not have zero as denominator.\n\n simplify(\"1/5\", \"5/1\") = True\n simplify(\"1/6\", \"2/1\") = False\n simplify(\"7/10\", \"10/2\") = False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 145\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef order_by_points(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function which sorts the given list of integers\n in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.\n Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,\n order them based on their index in original list.\n\n For example:\n >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]\n >>> order_by_points([]) == []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 146\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef specialFilter(nums):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns \n the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both \n first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).\n For example:\n specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 \n specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 147\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_max_triples(n):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a positive integer n. You have to create an integer array a of length n.\n For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ n), the value of a[i] = i * i - i + 1.\n Return the number of triples (a[i], a[j], a[k]) of a where i < j < k, \n and a[i] + a[j] + a[k] is a multiple of 3.\n\n Example :\n Input: n = 5\n Output: 1\n Explanation: \n a = [1, 3, 7, 13, 21]\n The only valid triple is (1, 7, 13).\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 148\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef bf(planet1, planet2):\n '''\n There are eight planets in our solar system: the closerst to the Sun \n is Mercury, the next one is Venus, then Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, \n Uranus, Neptune.\n Write a function that takes two planet names as strings planet1 and planet2. \n The function should return a tuple containing all planets whose orbits are \n located between the orbit of planet1 and the orbit of planet2, sorted by \n the proximity to the sun. \n The function should return an empty tuple if planet1 or planet2\n are not correct planet names. \n Examples\n bf(\"Jupiter\", \"Neptune\") ==> (\"Saturn\", \"Uranus\")\n bf(\"Earth\", \"Mercury\") ==> (\"Venus\")\n bf(\"Mercury\", \"Uranus\") ==> (\"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\", \"Jupiter\", \"Saturn\")\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 149\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sorted_list_sum(lst):\n \"\"\"Write a function that accepts a list of strings as a parameter,\n deletes the strings that have odd lengths from it,\n and returns the resulted list with a sorted order,\n The list is always a list of strings and never an array of numbers,\n and it may contain duplicates.\n The order of the list should be ascending by length of each word, and you\n should return the list sorted by that rule.\n If two words have the same length, sort the list alphabetically.\n The function should return a list of strings in sorted order.\n You may assume that all words will have the same length.\n For example:\n assert list_sort([\"aa\", \"a\", \"aaa\"]) => [\"aa\"]\n assert list_sort([\"ab\", \"a\", \"aaa\", \"cd\"]) => [\"ab\", \"cd\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 150\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef x_or_y(n, x, y):\n \"\"\"A simple program which should return the value of x if n is \n a prime number and should return the value of y otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n for x_or_y(7, 34, 12) == 34\n for x_or_y(15, 8, 5) == 5\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 151\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef double_the_difference(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers\n in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.\n \n double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10\n double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0\n double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81\n double_the_difference([0]) == 0 \n \n If the input list is empty, return 0.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 152\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare(game,guess):\n \"\"\"I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited\n event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are\n definitely worth noting down and comparing.\n Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.\n You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match. \n Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,\n the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.\n \n \n example:\n\n compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]\n compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 153\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):\n \"\"\"You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.\n The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The\n strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase\n letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters \n in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM. \n You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this \n format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.\n If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should\n choose the one that comes first in the list.\n For example, if you are given \"Slices\" as the class and a list of the\n extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should\n return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension \n (its strength is -1).\n Example:\n for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 154\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef cycpattern_check(a , b):\n \"\"\"You are given 2 words. You need to return True if the second word or any of its rotations is a substring in the first word\n cycpattern_check(\"abcd\",\"abd\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"hello\",\"ell\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"whassup\",\"psus\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"abab\",\"baa\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"efef\",\"eeff\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"himenss\",\"simen\") => True\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 155\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_count(num):\n \"\"\"Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.\n\n Example:\n even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)\n even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 156\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef int_to_mini_roman(number):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer, obtain its roman numeral equivalent as a string,\n and return it in lowercase.\n Restrictions: 1 <= num <= 1000\n\n Examples:\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(19) == 'xix'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(152) == 'clii'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(426) == 'cdxxvi'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Signature Index 000\n# Signature: def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n# Summary: Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 001\n# Signature: def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 002\n# Signature: def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n# Summary: Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 003\n# Signature: def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n# Summary: You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 004\n# Signature: def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n# Summary: For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 005\n# Signature: def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 006\n# Signature: def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 007\n# Signature: def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 008\n# Signature: def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n# Summary: For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 009\n# Signature: def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 010\n# Signature: def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n# Summary: Test if given string is a palindrome\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 011\n# Signature: def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 012\n# Signature: def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n# Summary: Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n# Imports: from typing import List, Optional\n\n### Signature Index 013\n# Signature: def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n# Summary: Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 014\n# Signature: def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 015\n# Signature: def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n# Summary: Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 016\n# Signature: def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 017\n# Signature: def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 018\n# Signature: def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 019\n# Signature: def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 020\n# Signature: def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n# Summary: From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 021\n# Signature: def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n# Summary: Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 022\n# Signature: def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n# Imports: from typing import List, Any\n\n### Signature Index 023\n# Signature: def strlen(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Return length of given string\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 024\n# Signature: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n# Summary: For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 025\n# Signature: def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 026\n# Signature: def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 027\n# Signature: def flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n# Summary: For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 028\n# Signature: def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n# Summary: Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 029\n# Signature: def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 030\n# Signature: def get_positive(l: list):\n# Summary: Return only positive numbers in the list.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 031\n# Signature: def is_prime(n):\n# Summary: Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 032\n# Signature: def poly(xs: list, x: float):\n# Summary: Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n# Imports: import math\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n### Local Workspace Digest\n# Request type: cold\n# Benchmark request serial: 00190\n# Source prompt row: 026\n# Source cycle: 001\n# Active signature: def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Prompt summary: From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n# Imports in active task: from typing import List\n# Example: remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n# pad: deterministic code path.\n# pad: docstring-compatible behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n### Active Task\nOnly the task below should be solved. Archived context above is reference-only.\n\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n"},"output_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":1000,"string":"1,000"},"cache_group":{"kind":"string","value":"cold"},"prompt_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":29993,"string":"29,993"},"shared_prefix_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":25468,"string":"25,468"},"request_serial":{"kind":"number","value":190,"string":"190"},"source_row":{"kind":"number","value":26,"string":"26"},"source_cycle":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"}}},{"rowIdx":191,"cells":{"prompt":{"kind":"string","value":"### Shared Repository Context\nThe following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.\nIt is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python\nfunction completion request instead of synthetic random text.\n\nImportant behavior rules:\n1. Treat the archived task specs below as background context only.\n2. Solve only the final active task that appears near the end of the prompt.\n3. Keep the style compatible with concise Python function-completion workloads.\n4. Reuse the archived material only as reference context; do not answer those archived tasks.\n5. Maintain deterministic coding style, straightforward helper usage, and compatible docstring behavior.\n\n### Engineering Policy Cards\n- Prefer pure Python unless the task clearly requires external libraries.\n- Preserve function signatures exactly and keep helper functions local when useful.\n- Use readable loops and conditionals over clever one-liners when correctness is easier to audit.\n- Match documented examples and edge cases before micro-optimizing.\n- Favor total correctness over partial heuristic behavior.\n- When a task is arithmetic or parsing heavy, write simple invariants directly in code.\n- When a task is list or string oriented, keep state transitions obvious and test-friendly.\n- Avoid surprising side effects and global state.\n- Make code stable under empty inputs, singleton inputs, and boundary values when applicable.\n\n### Archived Humaneval-Style Specifications\nThe archive below keeps the prompt distribution aligned with Python function-completion tasks.\nOnly the final active task should be completed.\n\n### Reference Card: Python Completion Habits\n- Preserve imports that appear relevant to the target signature.\n- Use helpers only when they reduce branching complexity or repeated logic.\n- Prefer direct implementations that align with doctest examples.\n- Keep mutations local and obvious.\n- If a task implies sorting, grouping, scanning, counting, or stack-like behavior, make that explicit.\n- If a task implies number theory or geometry, encode the formula directly and keep units consistent.\n\n### Reference Card: Verification Checklist\n- Check empty sequences, repeated values, and off-by-one boundaries.\n- Respect whether the task asks for a value, a boolean, a string transform, or a list transform.\n- Follow the semantics implied by the prompt text rather than inventing a different API.\n- Keep returned types stable across all branches.\n- Prefer deterministic iteration order unless randomness is explicitly requested.\n\n### Reference Card: Code Review Heuristics\n- Small helper functions are fine when they remove duplicated logic.\n- Prefer linear-time scans when they are natural for the task.\n- Avoid hidden quadratic behavior unless the input sizes are clearly tiny.\n- Keep naming close to the task statement so the generated code stays legible.\n- When a prompt includes examples, treat them as part of the contract.\n\n### Archived Spec 000\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n given threshold.\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], 0.5)\n False\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0], 0.3)\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 001\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.\n Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other\n Ignore any spaces in the input string.\n >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')\n ['()', '(())', '(()())']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 002\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n \"\"\" Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals\n (leftover part always smaller than 1).\n\n Return the decimal part of the number.\n >>> truncate_number(3.5)\n 0.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 003\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n \"\"\" You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and\n at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False.\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, 3])\n False\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, -4, 5])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 004\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n \"\"\" For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n around the mean of this dataset.\n Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each\n element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):\n MAD = average | x - x_mean |\n >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 005\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n >>> intersperse([], 4)\n []\n >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)\n [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 006\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.\n E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.\n\n >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')\n [2, 3, 1, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 007\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 008\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n \"\"\" For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.\n >>> sum_product([])\n (0, 1)\n >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])\n (10, 24)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 009\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n in the sequence.\n >>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])\n [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 010\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Test if given string is a palindrome \"\"\"\n return string == string[::-1]\n\n\ndef make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.\n Algorithm idea is simple:\n - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.\n - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.\n >>> make_palindrome('')\n ''\n >>> make_palindrome('cat')\n 'catac'\n >>> make_palindrome('cata')\n 'catac'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 011\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.\n >>> string_xor('010', '110')\n '100'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 012\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Optional\n\n\ndef longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n \"\"\" Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.\n >>> longest([])\n\n >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'a'\n >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])\n 'ccc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 013\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(3, 5)\n 1\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(25, 15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 014\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n >>> all_prefixes('abc')\n ['a', 'ab', 'abc']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 015\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n \"\"\" Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n >>> string_sequence(0)\n '0'\n >>> string_sequence(5)\n '0 1 2 3 4 5'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 016\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')\n 3\n >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')\n 4\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 017\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each\n not last.\n\n Here is a legend:\n 'o' - whole note, lasts four beats\n 'o|' - half note, lasts two beats\n '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat\n\n >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')\n [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 018\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n >>> how_many_times('', 'a')\n 0\n >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')\n 3\n >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 019\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.\n Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest\n >>> sort_numbers('three one five')\n 'one three five'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 020\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n \"\"\" From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.2])\n (2.0, 2.2)\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0])\n (2.0, 2.0)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 021\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n \"\"\" Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1\n >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])\n [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 022\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Any\n\n\ndef filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])\n [5]\n >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])\n [1, 2, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 023\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strlen(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return length of given string\n >>> strlen('')\n 0\n >>> strlen('abc')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 024\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n >>> largest_divisor(15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 025\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.\n Input number should be equal to the product of all factors\n >>> factorize(8)\n [2, 2, 2]\n >>> factorize(25)\n [5, 5]\n >>> factorize(70)\n [2, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 026\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 068\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pluck(arr):\n \"\"\"\n \"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes\n your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.\n The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.\n If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.\n\n The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],\n If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].\n\n Example 1:\n Input: [4,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.\n\n Example 2:\n Input: [1,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index. \n\n Example 3:\n Input: []\n Output: []\n \n Example 4:\n Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]\n Output: [0, 1]\n Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,\n so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000\n * 0 <= node.value\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 069\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef search(lst):\n '''\n You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than \n zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself. \n The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.\n If no such a value exist, return -1.\n Examples:\n search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2\n search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3\n search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 070\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strange_sort_list(lst):\n '''\n Given list of integers, return list in strange order.\n Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,\n then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.\n\n Examples:\n strange_sort_list([1, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 4, 2, 3]\n strange_sort_list([5, 5, 5, 5]) == [5, 5, 5, 5]\n strange_sort_list([]) == []\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 071\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, b, c):\n '''\n Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of\n the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle. \n Otherwise return -1\n Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater \n than the third side.\n Example:\n triangle_area(3, 4, 5) == 6.00\n triangle_area(1, 2, 10) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 072\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef will_it_fly(q,w):\n '''\n Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.\n The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.\n\n Example:\n will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) ➞ False \n # 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) ➞ False\n # it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) ➞ True\n # 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3], 5) ➞ True\n # 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 073\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef smallest_change(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that\n need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that\n is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.\n\n For example:\n smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 074\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef total_match(lst1, lst2):\n '''\n Write a function that accepts two lists of strings and returns the list that has \n total number of chars in the all strings of the list less than the other list.\n\n if the two lists have the same number of chars, return the first list.\n\n Examples\n total_match([], []) ➞ []\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'Hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'Hi']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hi', 'hi', 'admin', 'project']) ➞ ['hi', 'admin']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']\n total_match(['4'], ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']) ➞ ['4']\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 075\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_multiply_prime(a):\n \"\"\"Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers\n and false otherwise.\n Knowing that (a) is less then 100. \n Example:\n is_multiply_prime(30) == True\n 30 = 2 * 3 * 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 076\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_simple_power(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple\n power of n and false in other cases.\n x is a simple power of n if n**int=x\n For example:\n is_simple_power(1, 4) => true\n is_simple_power(2, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(8, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(3, 2) => false\n is_simple_power(3, 1) => false\n is_simple_power(5, 3) => false\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 077\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef iscube(a):\n '''\n Write a function that takes an integer a and returns True \n if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.\n Note: you may assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n iscube(1) ==> True\n iscube(2) ==> False\n iscube(-1) ==> True\n iscube(64) ==> True\n iscube(0) ==> True\n iscube(180) ==> False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 078\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef hex_key(num):\n \"\"\"You have been tasked to write a function that receives \n a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal \n digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number \n greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).\n Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.\n Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...\n So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, \n B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).\n Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, \n and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.\n Examples:\n For num = \"AB\" the output should be 1.\n For num = \"1077E\" the output should be 2.\n For num = \"ABED1A33\" the output should be 4.\n For num = \"123456789ABCDEF0\" the output should be 6.\n For num = \"2020\" the output should be 2.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 079\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef decimal_to_binary(decimal):\n \"\"\"You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to\n binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary\n number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.\n\n There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.\n The extra characters are there to help with the format.\n\n Examples:\n decimal_to_binary(15) # returns \"db1111db\"\n decimal_to_binary(32) # returns \"db100000db\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 080\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_happy(s):\n \"\"\"You are given a string s.\n Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.\n A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct\n For example:\n is_happy(a) => False\n is_happy(aa) => False\n is_happy(abcd) => True\n is_happy(aabb) => False\n is_happy(adb) => True\n is_happy(xyy) => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 081\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef numerical_letter_grade(grades):\n \"\"\"It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades\n to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.\n The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.\n She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write \n a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:\n GPA | Letter grade\n 4.0 A+\n > 3.7 A \n > 3.3 A- \n > 3.0 B+\n > 2.7 B \n > 2.3 B-\n > 2.0 C+\n > 1.7 C\n > 1.3 C-\n > 1.0 D+ \n > 0.7 D \n > 0.0 D-\n 0.0 E\n \n\n Example:\n grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 082\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_length(string):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string\n length is a prime number or False otherwise\n Examples\n prime_length('Hello') == True\n prime_length('abcdcba') == True\n prime_length('kittens') == True\n prime_length('orange') == False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 083\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef starts_one_ends(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit\n positive integers that start or end with 1.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 084\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solve(N):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.\n \n Example\n For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be \"1\".\n For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be \"110\".\n For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be \"1100\".\n \n Variables:\n @N integer\n Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.\n Output:\n a string of binary number\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 085\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..\n\n\n Examples:\n add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2 \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 086\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef anti_shuffle(s):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.\n Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)\n are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in\n ascending order based on ascii value.\n Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.\n\n For example:\n anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'\n anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'\n anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 087\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_row(lst, x):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,\n which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,\n each row may contain a different number of columns.\n Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,\n and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that\n each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.\n Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.\n Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.\n \n Examples:\n get_row([\n [1,2,3,4,5,6],\n [1,2,3,4,1,6],\n [1,2,3,4,5,1]\n ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]\n get_row([], 1) == []\n get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 088\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(array):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,\n you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,\n or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.\n\n Note:\n * don't change the given array.\n\n Examples:\n * sort_array([]) => []\n * sort_array([5]) => [5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 089\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encrypt(s):\n \"\"\"Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and\n returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. \n The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters \n shift down by two multiplied to two places.\n For example:\n encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'\n encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'\n encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'\n encrypt('et') returns 'ix'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 090\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef next_smallest(lst):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a list of integers.\n Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list.\n Return None if there is no such element.\n \n next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2\n next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2\n next_smallest([]) == None\n next_smallest([1, 1]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 091\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_bored(S):\n \"\"\"\n You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number\n of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word \"I\".\n Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.\n \n For example:\n >>> is_bored(\"Hello world\")\n 0\n >>> is_bored(\"The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather\")\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 092\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef any_int(x, y, z):\n '''\n Create a function that takes 3 numbers.\n Returns true if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two, and all numbers are integers.\n Returns false in any other cases.\n \n Examples\n any_int(5, 2, 7) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3, 2, 2) ➞ False\n\n any_int(3, -2, 1) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3.6, -2.2, 2) ➞ False\n \n\n \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 093\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode(message):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a \n way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in \n the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that \n vowel in the english alphabet. \n Assume only letters. \n \n Examples:\n >>> encode('test')\n 'TGST'\n >>> encode('This is a message')\n 'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 094\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef skjkasdkd(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of integers.\n You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits.\n\n Examples:\n For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10\n For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25\n For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13\n For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11\n For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3\n For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 095\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_dict_case(dict):\n \"\"\"\n Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower \n case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False.\n The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty.\n Examples:\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"b\":\"banana\"}) should return True.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"A\":\"banana\", \"B\":\"banana\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", 8:\"banana\", \"a\":\"apple\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"Name\":\"John\", \"Age\":\"36\", \"City\":\"Houston\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"STATE\":\"NC\", \"ZIP\":\"12345\" }) should return True.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 096\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_up_to(n):\n \"\"\"Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n\n integers that are prime numbers and less than n.\n for example:\n count_up_to(5) => [2,3]\n count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]\n count_up_to(0) => []\n count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]\n count_up_to(1) => []\n count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 097\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef multiply(a, b):\n \"\"\"Complete the function that takes two integers and returns \n the product of their unit digits.\n Assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n multiply(148, 412) should return 16.\n multiply(19, 28) should return 72.\n multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.\n multiply(14,-15) should return 20.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 098\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_upper(s):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.\n \n For example:\n count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1\n count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0\n count_upper('dBBE') returns 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 099\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef closest_integer(value):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number\n and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant\n from two integers, round it away from zero.\n\n Examples\n >>> closest_integer(\"10\")\n 10\n >>> closest_integer(\"15.3\")\n 15\n\n Note:\n Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant\n from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the\n farthest from zero. For example closest_integer(\"14.5\") should\n return 15 and closest_integer(\"-14.5\") should return -15.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 100\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef make_a_pile(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.\n The first level has n stones.\n The number of stones in the next level is:\n - the next odd number if n is odd.\n - the next even number if n is even.\n Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index\n i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).\n\n Examples:\n >>> make_a_pile(3)\n [3, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 101\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_string(s):\n \"\"\"\n You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is\n to split the string into words and return an array of the words.\n \n For example:\n words_string(\"Hi, my name is John\") == [\"Hi\", \"my\", \"name\", \"is\", \"John\"]\n words_string(\"One, two, three, four, five, six\") == [\"One\", \"two\", \"three\", \"four\", \"five\", \"six\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 102\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef choose_num(x, y):\n \"\"\"This function takes two positive numbers x and y and returns the\n biggest even integer number that is in the range [x, y] inclusive. If \n there's no such number, then the function should return -1.\n\n For example:\n choose_num(12, 15) = 14\n choose_num(13, 12) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 103\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef rounded_avg(n, m):\n \"\"\"You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the\n average of the integers from n through m (including n and m). \n Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.\n If n is greater than m, return -1.\n Example:\n rounded_avg(1, 5) => \"0b11\"\n rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1\n rounded_avg(10, 20) => \"0b1111\"\n rounded_avg(20, 33) => \"0b11010\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 104\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique_digits(x):\n \"\"\"Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all \n elements that hasn't any even digit.\n\n Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.\n \n For example:\n >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])\n [1, 15, 33]\n >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])\n []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 105\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef by_length(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,\n reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from\n \"One\", \"Two\", \"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\", \"Six\", \"Seven\", \"Eight\", \"Nine\".\n\n For example:\n arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3] \n -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8] \n -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]\n return [\"Eight\", \"Five\", \"Four\", \"Three\", \"Two\", \"Two\", \"One\", \"One\"]\n \n If the array is empty, return an empty array:\n arr = []\n return []\n \n If the array has any strange number ignore it:\n arr = [1, -1 , 55] \n -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]\n -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]\n return = ['One']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 106\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef f(n):\n \"\"\" Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter,\n and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even\n or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise.\n i starts from 1.\n the factorial of i is the multiplication of the numbers from 1 to i (1 * 2 * ... * i).\n Example:\n f(5) == [1, 2, 6, 24, 15]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 107\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_palindrome(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd\n integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: 3\n Output: (1, 2)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: 12\n Output: (4, 6)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.\n\n Note:\n 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3\n 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 108\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_nums(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns\n the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.\n If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:\n e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.\n >>> count_nums([]) == 0\n >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1\n >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 109\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef move_one_ball(arr):\n \"\"\"We have an array 'arr' of N integers arr[1], arr[2], ..., arr[N].The\n numbers in the array will be randomly ordered. Your task is to determine if\n it is possible to get an array sorted in non-decreasing order by performing \n the following operation on the given array:\n You are allowed to perform right shift operation any number of times.\n \n One right shift operation means shifting all elements of the array by one\n position in the right direction. The last element of the array will be moved to\n the starting position in the array i.e. 0th index. \n\n If it is possible to obtain the sorted array by performing the above operation\n then return True else return False.\n If the given array is empty then return True.\n\n Note: The given list is guaranteed to have unique elements.\n\n For Example:\n \n move_one_ball([3, 4, 5, 1, 2])==>True\n Explanation: By performin 2 right shift operations, non-decreasing order can\n be achieved for the given array.\n move_one_ball([3, 5, 4, 1, 2])==>False\n Explanation:It is not possible to get non-decreasing order for the given\n array by performing any number of right shift operations.\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 110\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef exchange(lst1, lst2):\n \"\"\"In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,\n and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements\n between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.\n There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.\n If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make\n all the elements of lst1 to be even, return \"YES\".\n Otherwise, return \"NO\".\n For example:\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => \"YES\"\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => \"NO\"\n It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 111\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef histogram(test):\n \"\"\"Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary\n of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.\n If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.\n \n Example:\n histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}\n histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}\n histogram('') == {}\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 112\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef reverse_delete(s,c):\n \"\"\"Task\n We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c\n then check if the result string is palindrome.\n A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.\n You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.\n Example\n For s = \"abcde\", c = \"ae\", the result should be ('bcd',False)\n For s = \"abcdef\", c = \"b\" the result should be ('acdef',False)\n For s = \"abcdedcba\", c = \"ab\", the result should be ('cdedc',True)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 113\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef odd_count(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.\n Each element i of the output should be \"the number of odd elements in the\n string i of the input.\" where all the i's should be replaced by the number\n of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.\n\n >>> odd_count(['1234567'])\n [\"the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput.\"]\n >>> odd_count(['3',\"11111111\"])\n [\"the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.\",\n \"the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput.\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 114\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minSubArraySum(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array\n of nums.\n Example\n minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1\n minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 115\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_fill(grid, capacity):\n import math\n \"\"\"\n You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,\n and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.\n Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, \n and all buckets have the same capacity.\n Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.\n Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 1\n Output: 6\n\n Example 2:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 2\n Output: 5\n \n Example 3:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]\n bucket_capacity : 5\n Output: 0\n\n Constraints:\n * all wells have the same length\n * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2\n * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2\n * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1\n * 1 <= capacity <= 10\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 116\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(arr):\n \"\"\"\n In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to\n number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.\n For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.\n\n It must be implemented like this:\n >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]\n >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 117\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef select_words(s, n):\n \"\"\"Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement \n a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly \n n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.\n If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.\n Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.\n Examples:\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 4) ==> [\"little\"]\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 3) ==> [\"Mary\", \"lamb\"]\n select_words(\"simple white space\", 2) ==> []\n select_words(\"Hello world\", 4) ==> [\"world\"]\n select_words(\"Uncle sam\", 3) ==> [\"Uncle\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 118\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_closest_vowel(word):\n \"\"\"You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between \n two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).\n \n Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't\n find any vowel met the above condition. \n\n You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.\n\n Example:\n get_closest_vowel(\"yogurt\") ==> \"u\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"FULL\") ==> \"U\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"quick\") ==> \"\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"ab\") ==> \"\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 119\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef match_parens(lst):\n '''\n You are given a list of two strings, both strings consist of open\n parentheses '(' or close parentheses ')' only.\n Your job is to check if it is possible to concatenate the two strings in\n some order, that the resulting string will be good.\n A string S is considered to be good if and only if all parentheses in S\n are balanced. For example: the string '(())()' is good, while the string\n '())' is not.\n Return 'Yes' if there's a way to make a good string, and return 'No' otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n match_parens(['()(', ')']) == 'Yes'\n match_parens([')', ')']) == 'No'\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 120\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef maximum(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list \n of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3\n Output: [-4, -3, 5]\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2\n Output: [4, 4]\n\n Example 3:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1\n Output: [2]\n\n Note:\n 1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].\n 2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].\n 3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 121\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solution(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.\n \n\n Examples\n solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12\n solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9\n solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 122\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add_elements(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return\n the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.\n\n Example:\n\n Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4\n Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3\n\n Constraints:\n 1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100\n 2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 123\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_odd_collatz(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.\n\n The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined\n as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the \n previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of \n the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous\n term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.\n\n Note: \n 1. Collatz(1) is [1].\n 2. returned list sorted in increasing order.\n\n For example:\n get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 124\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef valid_date(date):\n \"\"\"You have to write a function which validates a given date string and\n returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.\n The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:\n 1. The date string is not empty.\n 2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.\n 3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.\n 4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy\n\n for example: \n valid_date('03-11-2000') => True\n\n valid_date('15-01-2012') => False\n\n valid_date('04-0-2040') => False\n\n valid_date('06-04-2020') => True\n\n valid_date('06/04/2020') => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 125\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef split_words(txt):\n '''\n Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you\n should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the\n alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25\n Examples\n split_words(\"Hello world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"Hello,world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"abcdef\") == 3 \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 126\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_sorted(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted\n in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same\n number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.\n\n Examples\n is_sorted([5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 127\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef intersection(interval1, interval2):\n \"\"\"You are given two intervals,\n where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).\n The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)\n includes both start and end.\n For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.\n Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two \n intervals is a prime number.\n Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)\n which its length is 1, which not a prime number.\n If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return \"YES\",\n otherwise, return \"NO\".\n If the two intervals don't intersect, return \"NO\".\n\n\n [input/output] samples:\n intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> \"YES\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 128\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prod_signs(arr):\n \"\"\"\n You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return\n sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs\n of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.\n Note: return None for empty arr.\n\n Example:\n >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9\n >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0\n >>> prod_signs([]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 129\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minPath(grid, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, \n each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]\n inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.\n\n You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start\n from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,\n in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current\n cell.\n Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not\n necessarily distinct).\n You CANNOT go off the grid.\n A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if\n after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go\n through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less\n than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)\n such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have\n lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].\n It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.\n Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.\n\n Examples:\n\n Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3\n Output: [1, 2, 1]\n\n Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1\n Output: [1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 130\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef tri(n):\n \"\"\"Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in \n the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.\n Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:\n tri(1) = 3\n tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.\n tri(n) = tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.\n For example:\n tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2\n tri(4) = 3\n tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)\n = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 \n You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the \n first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.\n Examples:\n tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 131\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digits(n):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.\n Return 0 if all digits are even.\n For example:\n digits(1) == 1\n digits(4) == 0\n digits(235) == 15\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 132\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_nested(string):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.\n The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets \n where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.\n\n is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[][]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 133\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of numbers.\n You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,\n round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.\n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14\n For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98\n For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84\n For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29\n For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6\n \n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 134\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):\n '''\n Create a function that returns True if the last character\n of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not\n a part of a word, and False otherwise.\n Note: \"word\" is a group of characters separated by space.\n\n Examples:\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pie\") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e\") ➞ True\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e \") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"\") ➞ False \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 135\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef can_arrange(arr):\n \"\"\"Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which\n is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If\n no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain\n duplicate values.\n\n Examples:\n can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3\n can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 136\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_smallest_integers(lst):\n '''\n Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is\n the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest\n of positive integers in a list.\n If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.\n\n Examples:\n largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)\n largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)\n largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 137\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare_one(a, b):\n \"\"\"\n Create a function that takes integers, floats, or strings representing\n real numbers, and returns the larger variable in its given variable type.\n Return None if the values are equal.\n Note: If a real number is represented as a string, the floating point might be . or ,\n\n compare_one(1, 2.5) ➞ 2.5\n compare_one(1, \"2,3\") ➞ \"2,3\"\n compare_one(\"5,1\", \"6\") ➞ \"6\"\n compare_one(\"1\", 1) ➞ None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 138\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_equal_to_sum_even(n):\n \"\"\"Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers\n Example\n is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 139\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef special_factorial(n):\n \"\"\"The Brazilian factorial is defined as:\n brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!\n where n > 0\n\n For example:\n >>> special_factorial(4)\n 288\n\n The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special\n factorial of this integer.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 140\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fix_spaces(text):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, \n and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, \n then replace all consecutive spaces with - \n \n fix_spaces(\"Example\") == \"Example\"\n fix_spaces(\"Example 1\") == \"Example_1\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 2\") == \"_Example_2\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 3\") == \"_Example-3\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 141\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef file_name_check(file_name):\n \"\"\"Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns\n 'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.\n A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions \n are met:\n - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.\n - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'\n - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from \n the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').\n - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']\n Examples:\n file_name_check(\"example.txt\") # => 'Yes'\n file_name_check(\"1example.dll\") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 142\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"\"\n This function will take a list of integers. For all entries in the list, the function shall square the integer entry if its index is a \n multiple of 3 and will cube the integer entry if its index is a multiple of 4 and not a multiple of 3. The function will not \n change the entries in the list whose indexes are not a multiple of 3 or 4. The function shall then return the sum of all entries. \n \n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 6\n For lst = [] the output should be 0\n For lst = [-1,-5,2,-1,-5] the output should be -126\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 143\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_in_sentence(sentence):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a string representing a sentence,\n the sentence contains some words separated by a space,\n and you have to return a string that contains the words from the original sentence,\n whose lengths are prime numbers,\n the order of the words in the new string should be the same as the original one.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: sentence = \"This is a test\"\n Output: \"is\"\n\n Example 2:\n Input: sentence = \"lets go for swimming\"\n Output: \"go for\"\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= len(sentence) <= 100\n * sentence contains only letters\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 144\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef simplify(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to implement a function that will simplify the expression\n x * n. The function returns True if x * n evaluates to a whole number and False\n otherwise. Both x and n, are string representation of a fraction, and have the following format,\n <numerator>/<denominator> where both numerator and denominator are positive whole numbers.\n\n You can assume that x, and n are valid fractions, and do not have zero as denominator.\n\n simplify(\"1/5\", \"5/1\") = True\n simplify(\"1/6\", \"2/1\") = False\n simplify(\"7/10\", \"10/2\") = False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 145\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef order_by_points(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function which sorts the given list of integers\n in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.\n Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,\n order them based on their index in original list.\n\n For example:\n >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]\n >>> order_by_points([]) == []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 146\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef specialFilter(nums):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns \n the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both \n first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).\n For example:\n specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 \n specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 147\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_max_triples(n):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a positive integer n. You have to create an integer array a of length n.\n For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ n), the value of a[i] = i * i - i + 1.\n Return the number of triples (a[i], a[j], a[k]) of a where i < j < k, \n and a[i] + a[j] + a[k] is a multiple of 3.\n\n Example :\n Input: n = 5\n Output: 1\n Explanation: \n a = [1, 3, 7, 13, 21]\n The only valid triple is (1, 7, 13).\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 148\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef bf(planet1, planet2):\n '''\n There are eight planets in our solar system: the closerst to the Sun \n is Mercury, the next one is Venus, then Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, \n Uranus, Neptune.\n Write a function that takes two planet names as strings planet1 and planet2. \n The function should return a tuple containing all planets whose orbits are \n located between the orbit of planet1 and the orbit of planet2, sorted by \n the proximity to the sun. \n The function should return an empty tuple if planet1 or planet2\n are not correct planet names. \n Examples\n bf(\"Jupiter\", \"Neptune\") ==> (\"Saturn\", \"Uranus\")\n bf(\"Earth\", \"Mercury\") ==> (\"Venus\")\n bf(\"Mercury\", \"Uranus\") ==> (\"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\", \"Jupiter\", \"Saturn\")\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 149\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sorted_list_sum(lst):\n \"\"\"Write a function that accepts a list of strings as a parameter,\n deletes the strings that have odd lengths from it,\n and returns the resulted list with a sorted order,\n The list is always a list of strings and never an array of numbers,\n and it may contain duplicates.\n The order of the list should be ascending by length of each word, and you\n should return the list sorted by that rule.\n If two words have the same length, sort the list alphabetically.\n The function should return a list of strings in sorted order.\n You may assume that all words will have the same length.\n For example:\n assert list_sort([\"aa\", \"a\", \"aaa\"]) => [\"aa\"]\n assert list_sort([\"ab\", \"a\", \"aaa\", \"cd\"]) => [\"ab\", \"cd\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 150\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef x_or_y(n, x, y):\n \"\"\"A simple program which should return the value of x if n is \n a prime number and should return the value of y otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n for x_or_y(7, 34, 12) == 34\n for x_or_y(15, 8, 5) == 5\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 151\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef double_the_difference(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers\n in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.\n \n double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10\n double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0\n double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81\n double_the_difference([0]) == 0 \n \n If the input list is empty, return 0.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 152\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare(game,guess):\n \"\"\"I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited\n event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are\n definitely worth noting down and comparing.\n Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.\n You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match. \n Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,\n the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.\n \n \n example:\n\n compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]\n compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 153\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):\n \"\"\"You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.\n The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The\n strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase\n letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters \n in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM. \n You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this \n format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.\n If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should\n choose the one that comes first in the list.\n For example, if you are given \"Slices\" as the class and a list of the\n extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should\n return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension \n (its strength is -1).\n Example:\n for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 154\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef cycpattern_check(a , b):\n \"\"\"You are given 2 words. You need to return True if the second word or any of its rotations is a substring in the first word\n cycpattern_check(\"abcd\",\"abd\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"hello\",\"ell\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"whassup\",\"psus\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"abab\",\"baa\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"efef\",\"eeff\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"himenss\",\"simen\") => True\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 155\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_count(num):\n \"\"\"Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.\n\n Example:\n even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)\n even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 156\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef int_to_mini_roman(number):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer, obtain its roman numeral equivalent as a string,\n and return it in lowercase.\n Restrictions: 1 <= num <= 1000\n\n Examples:\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(19) == 'xix'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(152) == 'clii'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(426) == 'cdxxvi'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Signature Index 000\n# Signature: def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n# Summary: Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 001\n# Signature: def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 002\n# Signature: def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n# Summary: Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 003\n# Signature: def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n# Summary: You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 004\n# Signature: def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n# Summary: For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 005\n# Signature: def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 006\n# Signature: def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 007\n# Signature: def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 008\n# Signature: def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n# Summary: For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 009\n# Signature: def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 010\n# Signature: def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n# Summary: Test if given string is a palindrome\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 011\n# Signature: def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 012\n# Signature: def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n# Summary: Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n# Imports: from typing import List, Optional\n\n### Signature Index 013\n# Signature: def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n# Summary: Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 014\n# Signature: def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 015\n# Signature: def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n# Summary: Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 016\n# Signature: def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 017\n# Signature: def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 018\n# Signature: def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 019\n# Signature: def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 020\n# Signature: def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n# Summary: From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 021\n# Signature: def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n# Summary: Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 022\n# Signature: def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n# Imports: from typing import List, Any\n\n### Signature Index 023\n# Signature: def strlen(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Return length of given string\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 024\n# Signature: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n# Summary: For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 025\n# Signature: def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 026\n# Signature: def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 027\n# Signature: def flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n# Summary: For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 028\n# Signature: def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n# Summary: Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 029\n# Signature: def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 030\n# Signature: def get_positive(l: list):\n# Summary: Return only positive numbers in the list.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 031\n# Signature: def is_prime(n):\n# Summary: Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 032\n# Signature: def poly(xs: list, x: float):\n# Summary: Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n# Imports: import math\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n### Local Workspace Digest\n# Request type: hot\n# Benchmark request serial: 00191\n# Source prompt row: 027\n# Source cycle: 001\n# Active signature: def flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n# Prompt summary: For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n# Imports in active task: no extra imports\n# Example: flip_case('Hello')\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n# pad: deterministic code path.\n# pad: docstring-compatible behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n### Active Task\nOnly the task below should be solved. Archived context above is reference-only.\n\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n"},"output_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":1000,"string":"1,000"},"cache_group":{"kind":"string","value":"hot"},"prompt_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":29995,"string":"29,995"},"shared_prefix_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":25468,"string":"25,468"},"request_serial":{"kind":"number","value":191,"string":"191"},"source_row":{"kind":"number","value":27,"string":"27"},"source_cycle":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"}}},{"rowIdx":192,"cells":{"prompt":{"kind":"string","value":"### Shared Repository Context\nThe following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.\nIt is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python\nfunction completion request instead of synthetic random text.\n\nImportant behavior rules:\n1. Treat the archived task specs below as background context only.\n2. Solve only the final active task that appears near the end of the prompt.\n3. Keep the style compatible with concise Python function-completion workloads.\n4. Reuse the archived material only as reference context; do not answer those archived tasks.\n5. Maintain deterministic coding style, straightforward helper usage, and compatible docstring behavior.\n\n### Engineering Policy Cards\n- Prefer pure Python unless the task clearly requires external libraries.\n- Preserve function signatures exactly and keep helper functions local when useful.\n- Use readable loops and conditionals over clever one-liners when correctness is easier to audit.\n- Match documented examples and edge cases before micro-optimizing.\n- Favor total correctness over partial heuristic behavior.\n- When a task is arithmetic or parsing heavy, write simple invariants directly in code.\n- When a task is list or string oriented, keep state transitions obvious and test-friendly.\n- Avoid surprising side effects and global state.\n- Make code stable under empty inputs, singleton inputs, and boundary values when applicable.\n\n### Archived Humaneval-Style Specifications\nThe archive below keeps the prompt distribution aligned with Python function-completion tasks.\nOnly the final active task should be completed.\n\n### Reference Card: Python Completion Habits\n- Preserve imports that appear relevant to the target signature.\n- Use helpers only when they reduce branching complexity or repeated logic.\n- Prefer direct implementations that align with doctest examples.\n- Keep mutations local and obvious.\n- If a task implies sorting, grouping, scanning, counting, or stack-like behavior, make that explicit.\n- If a task implies number theory or geometry, encode the formula directly and keep units consistent.\n\n### Reference Card: Verification Checklist\n- Check empty sequences, repeated values, and off-by-one boundaries.\n- Respect whether the task asks for a value, a boolean, a string transform, or a list transform.\n- Follow the semantics implied by the prompt text rather than inventing a different API.\n- Keep returned types stable across all branches.\n- Prefer deterministic iteration order unless randomness is explicitly requested.\n\n### Reference Card: Code Review Heuristics\n- Small helper functions are fine when they remove duplicated logic.\n- Prefer linear-time scans when they are natural for the task.\n- Avoid hidden quadratic behavior unless the input sizes are clearly tiny.\n- Keep naming close to the task statement so the generated code stays legible.\n- When a prompt includes examples, treat them as part of the contract.\n\n### Archived Spec 000\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n given threshold.\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], 0.5)\n False\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0], 0.3)\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 001\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.\n Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other\n Ignore any spaces in the input string.\n >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')\n ['()', '(())', '(()())']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 002\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n \"\"\" Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals\n (leftover part always smaller than 1).\n\n Return the decimal part of the number.\n >>> truncate_number(3.5)\n 0.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 003\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n \"\"\" You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and\n at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False.\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, 3])\n False\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, -4, 5])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 004\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n \"\"\" For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n around the mean of this dataset.\n Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each\n element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):\n MAD = average | x - x_mean |\n >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 005\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n >>> intersperse([], 4)\n []\n >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)\n [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 006\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.\n E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.\n\n >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')\n [2, 3, 1, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 007\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 008\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n \"\"\" For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.\n >>> sum_product([])\n (0, 1)\n >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])\n (10, 24)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 009\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n in the sequence.\n >>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])\n [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 010\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Test if given string is a palindrome \"\"\"\n return string == string[::-1]\n\n\ndef make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.\n Algorithm idea is simple:\n - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.\n - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.\n >>> make_palindrome('')\n ''\n >>> make_palindrome('cat')\n 'catac'\n >>> make_palindrome('cata')\n 'catac'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 011\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.\n >>> string_xor('010', '110')\n '100'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 012\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Optional\n\n\ndef longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n \"\"\" Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.\n >>> longest([])\n\n >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'a'\n >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])\n 'ccc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 013\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(3, 5)\n 1\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(25, 15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 014\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n >>> all_prefixes('abc')\n ['a', 'ab', 'abc']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 015\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n \"\"\" Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n >>> string_sequence(0)\n '0'\n >>> string_sequence(5)\n '0 1 2 3 4 5'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 016\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')\n 3\n >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')\n 4\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 017\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each\n not last.\n\n Here is a legend:\n 'o' - whole note, lasts four beats\n 'o|' - half note, lasts two beats\n '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat\n\n >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')\n [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 018\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n >>> how_many_times('', 'a')\n 0\n >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')\n 3\n >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 019\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.\n Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest\n >>> sort_numbers('three one five')\n 'one three five'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 020\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n \"\"\" From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.2])\n (2.0, 2.2)\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0])\n (2.0, 2.0)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 021\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n \"\"\" Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1\n >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])\n [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 022\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Any\n\n\ndef filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])\n [5]\n >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])\n [1, 2, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 023\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strlen(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return length of given string\n >>> strlen('')\n 0\n >>> strlen('abc')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 024\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n >>> largest_divisor(15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 025\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.\n Input number should be equal to the product of all factors\n >>> factorize(8)\n [2, 2, 2]\n >>> factorize(25)\n [5, 5]\n >>> factorize(70)\n [2, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 026\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 068\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pluck(arr):\n \"\"\"\n \"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes\n your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.\n The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.\n If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.\n\n The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],\n If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].\n\n Example 1:\n Input: [4,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.\n\n Example 2:\n Input: [1,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index. \n\n Example 3:\n Input: []\n Output: []\n \n Example 4:\n Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]\n Output: [0, 1]\n Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,\n so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000\n * 0 <= node.value\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 069\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef search(lst):\n '''\n You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than \n zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself. \n The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.\n If no such a value exist, return -1.\n Examples:\n search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2\n search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3\n search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 070\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strange_sort_list(lst):\n '''\n Given list of integers, return list in strange order.\n Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,\n then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.\n\n Examples:\n strange_sort_list([1, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 4, 2, 3]\n strange_sort_list([5, 5, 5, 5]) == [5, 5, 5, 5]\n strange_sort_list([]) == []\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 071\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, b, c):\n '''\n Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of\n the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle. \n Otherwise return -1\n Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater \n than the third side.\n Example:\n triangle_area(3, 4, 5) == 6.00\n triangle_area(1, 2, 10) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 072\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef will_it_fly(q,w):\n '''\n Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.\n The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.\n\n Example:\n will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) ➞ False \n # 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) ➞ False\n # it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) ➞ True\n # 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3], 5) ➞ True\n # 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 073\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef smallest_change(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that\n need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that\n is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.\n\n For example:\n smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 074\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef total_match(lst1, lst2):\n '''\n Write a function that accepts two lists of strings and returns the list that has \n total number of chars in the all strings of the list less than the other list.\n\n if the two lists have the same number of chars, return the first list.\n\n Examples\n total_match([], []) ➞ []\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'Hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'Hi']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hi', 'hi', 'admin', 'project']) ➞ ['hi', 'admin']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']\n total_match(['4'], ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']) ➞ ['4']\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 075\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_multiply_prime(a):\n \"\"\"Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers\n and false otherwise.\n Knowing that (a) is less then 100. \n Example:\n is_multiply_prime(30) == True\n 30 = 2 * 3 * 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 076\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_simple_power(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple\n power of n and false in other cases.\n x is a simple power of n if n**int=x\n For example:\n is_simple_power(1, 4) => true\n is_simple_power(2, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(8, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(3, 2) => false\n is_simple_power(3, 1) => false\n is_simple_power(5, 3) => false\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 077\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef iscube(a):\n '''\n Write a function that takes an integer a and returns True \n if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.\n Note: you may assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n iscube(1) ==> True\n iscube(2) ==> False\n iscube(-1) ==> True\n iscube(64) ==> True\n iscube(0) ==> True\n iscube(180) ==> False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 078\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef hex_key(num):\n \"\"\"You have been tasked to write a function that receives \n a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal \n digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number \n greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).\n Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.\n Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...\n So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, \n B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).\n Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, \n and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.\n Examples:\n For num = \"AB\" the output should be 1.\n For num = \"1077E\" the output should be 2.\n For num = \"ABED1A33\" the output should be 4.\n For num = \"123456789ABCDEF0\" the output should be 6.\n For num = \"2020\" the output should be 2.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 079\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef decimal_to_binary(decimal):\n \"\"\"You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to\n binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary\n number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.\n\n There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.\n The extra characters are there to help with the format.\n\n Examples:\n decimal_to_binary(15) # returns \"db1111db\"\n decimal_to_binary(32) # returns \"db100000db\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 080\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_happy(s):\n \"\"\"You are given a string s.\n Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.\n A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct\n For example:\n is_happy(a) => False\n is_happy(aa) => False\n is_happy(abcd) => True\n is_happy(aabb) => False\n is_happy(adb) => True\n is_happy(xyy) => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 081\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef numerical_letter_grade(grades):\n \"\"\"It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades\n to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.\n The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.\n She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write \n a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:\n GPA | Letter grade\n 4.0 A+\n > 3.7 A \n > 3.3 A- \n > 3.0 B+\n > 2.7 B \n > 2.3 B-\n > 2.0 C+\n > 1.7 C\n > 1.3 C-\n > 1.0 D+ \n > 0.7 D \n > 0.0 D-\n 0.0 E\n \n\n Example:\n grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 082\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_length(string):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string\n length is a prime number or False otherwise\n Examples\n prime_length('Hello') == True\n prime_length('abcdcba') == True\n prime_length('kittens') == True\n prime_length('orange') == False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 083\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef starts_one_ends(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit\n positive integers that start or end with 1.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 084\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solve(N):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.\n \n Example\n For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be \"1\".\n For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be \"110\".\n For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be \"1100\".\n \n Variables:\n @N integer\n Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.\n Output:\n a string of binary number\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 085\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..\n\n\n Examples:\n add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2 \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 086\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef anti_shuffle(s):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.\n Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)\n are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in\n ascending order based on ascii value.\n Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.\n\n For example:\n anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'\n anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'\n anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 087\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_row(lst, x):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,\n which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,\n each row may contain a different number of columns.\n Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,\n and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that\n each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.\n Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.\n Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.\n \n Examples:\n get_row([\n [1,2,3,4,5,6],\n [1,2,3,4,1,6],\n [1,2,3,4,5,1]\n ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]\n get_row([], 1) == []\n get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 088\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(array):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,\n you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,\n or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.\n\n Note:\n * don't change the given array.\n\n Examples:\n * sort_array([]) => []\n * sort_array([5]) => [5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 089\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encrypt(s):\n \"\"\"Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and\n returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. \n The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters \n shift down by two multiplied to two places.\n For example:\n encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'\n encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'\n encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'\n encrypt('et') returns 'ix'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 090\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef next_smallest(lst):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a list of integers.\n Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list.\n Return None if there is no such element.\n \n next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2\n next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2\n next_smallest([]) == None\n next_smallest([1, 1]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 091\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_bored(S):\n \"\"\"\n You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number\n of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word \"I\".\n Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.\n \n For example:\n >>> is_bored(\"Hello world\")\n 0\n >>> is_bored(\"The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather\")\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 092\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef any_int(x, y, z):\n '''\n Create a function that takes 3 numbers.\n Returns true if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two, and all numbers are integers.\n Returns false in any other cases.\n \n Examples\n any_int(5, 2, 7) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3, 2, 2) ➞ False\n\n any_int(3, -2, 1) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3.6, -2.2, 2) ➞ False\n \n\n \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 093\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode(message):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a \n way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in \n the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that \n vowel in the english alphabet. \n Assume only letters. \n \n Examples:\n >>> encode('test')\n 'TGST'\n >>> encode('This is a message')\n 'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 094\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef skjkasdkd(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of integers.\n You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits.\n\n Examples:\n For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10\n For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25\n For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13\n For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11\n For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3\n For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 095\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_dict_case(dict):\n \"\"\"\n Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower \n case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False.\n The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty.\n Examples:\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"b\":\"banana\"}) should return True.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"A\":\"banana\", \"B\":\"banana\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", 8:\"banana\", \"a\":\"apple\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"Name\":\"John\", \"Age\":\"36\", \"City\":\"Houston\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"STATE\":\"NC\", \"ZIP\":\"12345\" }) should return True.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 096\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_up_to(n):\n \"\"\"Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n\n integers that are prime numbers and less than n.\n for example:\n count_up_to(5) => [2,3]\n count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]\n count_up_to(0) => []\n count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]\n count_up_to(1) => []\n count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 097\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef multiply(a, b):\n \"\"\"Complete the function that takes two integers and returns \n the product of their unit digits.\n Assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n multiply(148, 412) should return 16.\n multiply(19, 28) should return 72.\n multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.\n multiply(14,-15) should return 20.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 098\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_upper(s):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.\n \n For example:\n count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1\n count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0\n count_upper('dBBE') returns 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 099\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef closest_integer(value):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number\n and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant\n from two integers, round it away from zero.\n\n Examples\n >>> closest_integer(\"10\")\n 10\n >>> closest_integer(\"15.3\")\n 15\n\n Note:\n Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant\n from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the\n farthest from zero. For example closest_integer(\"14.5\") should\n return 15 and closest_integer(\"-14.5\") should return -15.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 100\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef make_a_pile(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.\n The first level has n stones.\n The number of stones in the next level is:\n - the next odd number if n is odd.\n - the next even number if n is even.\n Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index\n i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).\n\n Examples:\n >>> make_a_pile(3)\n [3, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 101\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_string(s):\n \"\"\"\n You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is\n to split the string into words and return an array of the words.\n \n For example:\n words_string(\"Hi, my name is John\") == [\"Hi\", \"my\", \"name\", \"is\", \"John\"]\n words_string(\"One, two, three, four, five, six\") == [\"One\", \"two\", \"three\", \"four\", \"five\", \"six\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 102\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef choose_num(x, y):\n \"\"\"This function takes two positive numbers x and y and returns the\n biggest even integer number that is in the range [x, y] inclusive. If \n there's no such number, then the function should return -1.\n\n For example:\n choose_num(12, 15) = 14\n choose_num(13, 12) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 103\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef rounded_avg(n, m):\n \"\"\"You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the\n average of the integers from n through m (including n and m). \n Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.\n If n is greater than m, return -1.\n Example:\n rounded_avg(1, 5) => \"0b11\"\n rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1\n rounded_avg(10, 20) => \"0b1111\"\n rounded_avg(20, 33) => \"0b11010\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 104\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique_digits(x):\n \"\"\"Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all \n elements that hasn't any even digit.\n\n Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.\n \n For example:\n >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])\n [1, 15, 33]\n >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])\n []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 105\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef by_length(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,\n reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from\n \"One\", \"Two\", \"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\", \"Six\", \"Seven\", \"Eight\", \"Nine\".\n\n For example:\n arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3] \n -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8] \n -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]\n return [\"Eight\", \"Five\", \"Four\", \"Three\", \"Two\", \"Two\", \"One\", \"One\"]\n \n If the array is empty, return an empty array:\n arr = []\n return []\n \n If the array has any strange number ignore it:\n arr = [1, -1 , 55] \n -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]\n -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]\n return = ['One']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 106\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef f(n):\n \"\"\" Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter,\n and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even\n or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise.\n i starts from 1.\n the factorial of i is the multiplication of the numbers from 1 to i (1 * 2 * ... * i).\n Example:\n f(5) == [1, 2, 6, 24, 15]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 107\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_palindrome(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd\n integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: 3\n Output: (1, 2)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: 12\n Output: (4, 6)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.\n\n Note:\n 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3\n 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 108\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_nums(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns\n the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.\n If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:\n e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.\n >>> count_nums([]) == 0\n >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1\n >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 109\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef move_one_ball(arr):\n \"\"\"We have an array 'arr' of N integers arr[1], arr[2], ..., arr[N].The\n numbers in the array will be randomly ordered. Your task is to determine if\n it is possible to get an array sorted in non-decreasing order by performing \n the following operation on the given array:\n You are allowed to perform right shift operation any number of times.\n \n One right shift operation means shifting all elements of the array by one\n position in the right direction. The last element of the array will be moved to\n the starting position in the array i.e. 0th index. \n\n If it is possible to obtain the sorted array by performing the above operation\n then return True else return False.\n If the given array is empty then return True.\n\n Note: The given list is guaranteed to have unique elements.\n\n For Example:\n \n move_one_ball([3, 4, 5, 1, 2])==>True\n Explanation: By performin 2 right shift operations, non-decreasing order can\n be achieved for the given array.\n move_one_ball([3, 5, 4, 1, 2])==>False\n Explanation:It is not possible to get non-decreasing order for the given\n array by performing any number of right shift operations.\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 110\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef exchange(lst1, lst2):\n \"\"\"In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,\n and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements\n between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.\n There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.\n If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make\n all the elements of lst1 to be even, return \"YES\".\n Otherwise, return \"NO\".\n For example:\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => \"YES\"\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => \"NO\"\n It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 111\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef histogram(test):\n \"\"\"Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary\n of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.\n If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.\n \n Example:\n histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}\n histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}\n histogram('') == {}\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 112\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef reverse_delete(s,c):\n \"\"\"Task\n We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c\n then check if the result string is palindrome.\n A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.\n You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.\n Example\n For s = \"abcde\", c = \"ae\", the result should be ('bcd',False)\n For s = \"abcdef\", c = \"b\" the result should be ('acdef',False)\n For s = \"abcdedcba\", c = \"ab\", the result should be ('cdedc',True)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 113\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef odd_count(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.\n Each element i of the output should be \"the number of odd elements in the\n string i of the input.\" where all the i's should be replaced by the number\n of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.\n\n >>> odd_count(['1234567'])\n [\"the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput.\"]\n >>> odd_count(['3',\"11111111\"])\n [\"the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.\",\n \"the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput.\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 114\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minSubArraySum(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array\n of nums.\n Example\n minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1\n minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 115\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_fill(grid, capacity):\n import math\n \"\"\"\n You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,\n and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.\n Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, \n and all buckets have the same capacity.\n Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.\n Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 1\n Output: 6\n\n Example 2:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 2\n Output: 5\n \n Example 3:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]\n bucket_capacity : 5\n Output: 0\n\n Constraints:\n * all wells have the same length\n * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2\n * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2\n * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1\n * 1 <= capacity <= 10\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 116\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(arr):\n \"\"\"\n In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to\n number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.\n For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.\n\n It must be implemented like this:\n >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]\n >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 117\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef select_words(s, n):\n \"\"\"Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement \n a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly \n n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.\n If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.\n Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.\n Examples:\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 4) ==> [\"little\"]\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 3) ==> [\"Mary\", \"lamb\"]\n select_words(\"simple white space\", 2) ==> []\n select_words(\"Hello world\", 4) ==> [\"world\"]\n select_words(\"Uncle sam\", 3) ==> [\"Uncle\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 118\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_closest_vowel(word):\n \"\"\"You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between \n two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).\n \n Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't\n find any vowel met the above condition. \n\n You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.\n\n Example:\n get_closest_vowel(\"yogurt\") ==> \"u\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"FULL\") ==> \"U\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"quick\") ==> \"\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"ab\") ==> \"\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 119\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef match_parens(lst):\n '''\n You are given a list of two strings, both strings consist of open\n parentheses '(' or close parentheses ')' only.\n Your job is to check if it is possible to concatenate the two strings in\n some order, that the resulting string will be good.\n A string S is considered to be good if and only if all parentheses in S\n are balanced. For example: the string '(())()' is good, while the string\n '())' is not.\n Return 'Yes' if there's a way to make a good string, and return 'No' otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n match_parens(['()(', ')']) == 'Yes'\n match_parens([')', ')']) == 'No'\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 120\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef maximum(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list \n of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3\n Output: [-4, -3, 5]\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2\n Output: [4, 4]\n\n Example 3:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1\n Output: [2]\n\n Note:\n 1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].\n 2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].\n 3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 121\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solution(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.\n \n\n Examples\n solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12\n solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9\n solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 122\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add_elements(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return\n the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.\n\n Example:\n\n Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4\n Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3\n\n Constraints:\n 1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100\n 2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 123\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_odd_collatz(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.\n\n The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined\n as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the \n previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of \n the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous\n term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.\n\n Note: \n 1. Collatz(1) is [1].\n 2. returned list sorted in increasing order.\n\n For example:\n get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 124\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef valid_date(date):\n \"\"\"You have to write a function which validates a given date string and\n returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.\n The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:\n 1. The date string is not empty.\n 2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.\n 3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.\n 4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy\n\n for example: \n valid_date('03-11-2000') => True\n\n valid_date('15-01-2012') => False\n\n valid_date('04-0-2040') => False\n\n valid_date('06-04-2020') => True\n\n valid_date('06/04/2020') => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 125\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef split_words(txt):\n '''\n Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you\n should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the\n alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25\n Examples\n split_words(\"Hello world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"Hello,world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"abcdef\") == 3 \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 126\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_sorted(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted\n in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same\n number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.\n\n Examples\n is_sorted([5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 127\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef intersection(interval1, interval2):\n \"\"\"You are given two intervals,\n where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).\n The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)\n includes both start and end.\n For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.\n Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two \n intervals is a prime number.\n Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)\n which its length is 1, which not a prime number.\n If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return \"YES\",\n otherwise, return \"NO\".\n If the two intervals don't intersect, return \"NO\".\n\n\n [input/output] samples:\n intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> \"YES\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 128\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prod_signs(arr):\n \"\"\"\n You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return\n sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs\n of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.\n Note: return None for empty arr.\n\n Example:\n >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9\n >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0\n >>> prod_signs([]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 129\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minPath(grid, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, \n each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]\n inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.\n\n You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start\n from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,\n in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current\n cell.\n Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not\n necessarily distinct).\n You CANNOT go off the grid.\n A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if\n after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go\n through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less\n than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)\n such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have\n lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].\n It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.\n Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.\n\n Examples:\n\n Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3\n Output: [1, 2, 1]\n\n Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1\n Output: [1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 130\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef tri(n):\n \"\"\"Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in \n the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.\n Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:\n tri(1) = 3\n tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.\n tri(n) = tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.\n For example:\n tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2\n tri(4) = 3\n tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)\n = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 \n You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the \n first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.\n Examples:\n tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 131\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digits(n):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.\n Return 0 if all digits are even.\n For example:\n digits(1) == 1\n digits(4) == 0\n digits(235) == 15\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 132\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_nested(string):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.\n The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets \n where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.\n\n is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[][]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 133\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of numbers.\n You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,\n round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.\n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14\n For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98\n For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84\n For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29\n For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6\n \n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 134\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):\n '''\n Create a function that returns True if the last character\n of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not\n a part of a word, and False otherwise.\n Note: \"word\" is a group of characters separated by space.\n\n Examples:\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pie\") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e\") ➞ True\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e \") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"\") ➞ False \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 135\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef can_arrange(arr):\n \"\"\"Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which\n is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If\n no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain\n duplicate values.\n\n Examples:\n can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3\n can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 136\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_smallest_integers(lst):\n '''\n Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is\n the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest\n of positive integers in a list.\n If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.\n\n Examples:\n largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)\n largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)\n largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 137\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare_one(a, b):\n \"\"\"\n Create a function that takes integers, floats, or strings representing\n real numbers, and returns the larger variable in its given variable type.\n Return None if the values are equal.\n Note: If a real number is represented as a string, the floating point might be . or ,\n\n compare_one(1, 2.5) ➞ 2.5\n compare_one(1, \"2,3\") ➞ \"2,3\"\n compare_one(\"5,1\", \"6\") ➞ \"6\"\n compare_one(\"1\", 1) ➞ None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 138\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_equal_to_sum_even(n):\n \"\"\"Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers\n Example\n is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 139\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef special_factorial(n):\n \"\"\"The Brazilian factorial is defined as:\n brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!\n where n > 0\n\n For example:\n >>> special_factorial(4)\n 288\n\n The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special\n factorial of this integer.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 140\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fix_spaces(text):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, \n and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, \n then replace all consecutive spaces with - \n \n fix_spaces(\"Example\") == \"Example\"\n fix_spaces(\"Example 1\") == \"Example_1\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 2\") == \"_Example_2\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 3\") == \"_Example-3\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 141\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef file_name_check(file_name):\n \"\"\"Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns\n 'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.\n A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions \n are met:\n - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.\n - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'\n - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from \n the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').\n - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']\n Examples:\n file_name_check(\"example.txt\") # => 'Yes'\n file_name_check(\"1example.dll\") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 142\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"\"\n This function will take a list of integers. For all entries in the list, the function shall square the integer entry if its index is a \n multiple of 3 and will cube the integer entry if its index is a multiple of 4 and not a multiple of 3. The function will not \n change the entries in the list whose indexes are not a multiple of 3 or 4. The function shall then return the sum of all entries. \n \n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 6\n For lst = [] the output should be 0\n For lst = [-1,-5,2,-1,-5] the output should be -126\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 143\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_in_sentence(sentence):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a string representing a sentence,\n the sentence contains some words separated by a space,\n and you have to return a string that contains the words from the original sentence,\n whose lengths are prime numbers,\n the order of the words in the new string should be the same as the original one.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: sentence = \"This is a test\"\n Output: \"is\"\n\n Example 2:\n Input: sentence = \"lets go for swimming\"\n Output: \"go for\"\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= len(sentence) <= 100\n * sentence contains only letters\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 144\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef simplify(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to implement a function that will simplify the expression\n x * n. The function returns True if x * n evaluates to a whole number and False\n otherwise. Both x and n, are string representation of a fraction, and have the following format,\n <numerator>/<denominator> where both numerator and denominator are positive whole numbers.\n\n You can assume that x, and n are valid fractions, and do not have zero as denominator.\n\n simplify(\"1/5\", \"5/1\") = True\n simplify(\"1/6\", \"2/1\") = False\n simplify(\"7/10\", \"10/2\") = False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 145\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef order_by_points(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function which sorts the given list of integers\n in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.\n Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,\n order them based on their index in original list.\n\n For example:\n >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]\n >>> order_by_points([]) == []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 146\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef specialFilter(nums):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns \n the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both \n first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).\n For example:\n specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 \n specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 147\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_max_triples(n):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a positive integer n. You have to create an integer array a of length n.\n For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ n), the value of a[i] = i * i - i + 1.\n Return the number of triples (a[i], a[j], a[k]) of a where i < j < k, \n and a[i] + a[j] + a[k] is a multiple of 3.\n\n Example :\n Input: n = 5\n Output: 1\n Explanation: \n a = [1, 3, 7, 13, 21]\n The only valid triple is (1, 7, 13).\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 148\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef bf(planet1, planet2):\n '''\n There are eight planets in our solar system: the closerst to the Sun \n is Mercury, the next one is Venus, then Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, \n Uranus, Neptune.\n Write a function that takes two planet names as strings planet1 and planet2. \n The function should return a tuple containing all planets whose orbits are \n located between the orbit of planet1 and the orbit of planet2, sorted by \n the proximity to the sun. \n The function should return an empty tuple if planet1 or planet2\n are not correct planet names. \n Examples\n bf(\"Jupiter\", \"Neptune\") ==> (\"Saturn\", \"Uranus\")\n bf(\"Earth\", \"Mercury\") ==> (\"Venus\")\n bf(\"Mercury\", \"Uranus\") ==> (\"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\", \"Jupiter\", \"Saturn\")\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 149\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sorted_list_sum(lst):\n \"\"\"Write a function that accepts a list of strings as a parameter,\n deletes the strings that have odd lengths from it,\n and returns the resulted list with a sorted order,\n The list is always a list of strings and never an array of numbers,\n and it may contain duplicates.\n The order of the list should be ascending by length of each word, and you\n should return the list sorted by that rule.\n If two words have the same length, sort the list alphabetically.\n The function should return a list of strings in sorted order.\n You may assume that all words will have the same length.\n For example:\n assert list_sort([\"aa\", \"a\", \"aaa\"]) => [\"aa\"]\n assert list_sort([\"ab\", \"a\", \"aaa\", \"cd\"]) => [\"ab\", \"cd\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 150\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef x_or_y(n, x, y):\n \"\"\"A simple program which should return the value of x if n is \n a prime number and should return the value of y otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n for x_or_y(7, 34, 12) == 34\n for x_or_y(15, 8, 5) == 5\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 151\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef double_the_difference(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers\n in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.\n \n double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10\n double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0\n double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81\n double_the_difference([0]) == 0 \n \n If the input list is empty, return 0.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 152\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare(game,guess):\n \"\"\"I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited\n event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are\n definitely worth noting down and comparing.\n Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.\n You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match. \n Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,\n the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.\n \n \n example:\n\n compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]\n compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 153\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):\n \"\"\"You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.\n The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The\n strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase\n letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters \n in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM. \n You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this \n format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.\n If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should\n choose the one that comes first in the list.\n For example, if you are given \"Slices\" as the class and a list of the\n extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should\n return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension \n (its strength is -1).\n Example:\n for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 154\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef cycpattern_check(a , b):\n \"\"\"You are given 2 words. You need to return True if the second word or any of its rotations is a substring in the first word\n cycpattern_check(\"abcd\",\"abd\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"hello\",\"ell\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"whassup\",\"psus\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"abab\",\"baa\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"efef\",\"eeff\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"himenss\",\"simen\") => True\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 155\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_count(num):\n \"\"\"Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.\n\n Example:\n even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)\n even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 156\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef int_to_mini_roman(number):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer, obtain its roman numeral equivalent as a string,\n and return it in lowercase.\n Restrictions: 1 <= num <= 1000\n\n Examples:\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(19) == 'xix'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(152) == 'clii'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(426) == 'cdxxvi'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Signature Index 000\n# Signature: def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n# Summary: Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 001\n# Signature: def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 002\n# Signature: def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n# Summary: Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 003\n# Signature: def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n# Summary: You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 004\n# Signature: def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n# Summary: For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 005\n# Signature: def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 006\n# Signature: def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 007\n# Signature: def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 008\n# Signature: def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n# Summary: For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 009\n# Signature: def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 010\n# Signature: def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n# Summary: Test if given string is a palindrome\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 011\n# Signature: def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 012\n# Signature: def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n# Summary: Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n# Imports: from typing import List, Optional\n\n### Signature Index 013\n# Signature: def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n# Summary: Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 014\n# Signature: def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 015\n# Signature: def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n# Summary: Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 016\n# Signature: def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 017\n# Signature: def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 018\n# Signature: def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 019\n# Signature: def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 020\n# Signature: def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n# Summary: From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 021\n# Signature: def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n# Summary: Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 022\n# Signature: def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n# Imports: from typing import List, Any\n\n### Signature Index 023\n# Signature: def strlen(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Return length of given string\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 024\n# Signature: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n# Summary: For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 025\n# Signature: def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 026\n# Signature: def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 027\n# Signature: def flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n# Summary: For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 028\n# Signature: def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n# Summary: Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 029\n# Signature: def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 030\n# Signature: def get_positive(l: list):\n# Summary: Return only positive numbers in the list.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 031\n# Signature: def is_prime(n):\n# Summary: Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 032\n# Signature: def poly(xs: list, x: float):\n# Summary: Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n# Imports: import math\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n### Local Workspace Digest\n# Request type: hot\n# Benchmark request serial: 00192\n# Source prompt row: 028\n# Source cycle: 001\n# Active signature: def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n# Prompt summary: Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n# Imports in active task: from typing import List\n# Example: concatenate([])\n# Example: concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n# pad: deterministic code path.\n# pad: docstring-compatible behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n### Active Task\nOnly the task below should be solved. Archived context above is reference-only.\n\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n"},"output_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":1000,"string":"1,000"},"cache_group":{"kind":"string","value":"hot"},"prompt_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":29992,"string":"29,992"},"shared_prefix_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":25468,"string":"25,468"},"request_serial":{"kind":"number","value":192,"string":"192"},"source_row":{"kind":"number","value":28,"string":"28"},"source_cycle":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"}}},{"rowIdx":193,"cells":{"prompt":{"kind":"string","value":"### Shared Repository Context\nThe following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.\nIt is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python\nfunction completion request instead of synthetic random text.\n\nImportant behavior rules:\n1. Treat the archived task specs below as background context only.\n2. Solve only the final active task that appears near the end of the prompt.\n3. Keep the style compatible with concise Python function-completion workloads.\n4. Reuse the archived material only as reference context; do not answer those archived tasks.\n5. Maintain deterministic coding style, straightforward helper usage, and compatible docstring behavior.\n\n### Engineering Policy Cards\n- Prefer pure Python unless the task clearly requires external libraries.\n- Preserve function signatures exactly and keep helper functions local when useful.\n- Use readable loops and conditionals over clever one-liners when correctness is easier to audit.\n- Match documented examples and edge cases before micro-optimizing.\n- Favor total correctness over partial heuristic behavior.\n- When a task is arithmetic or parsing heavy, write simple invariants directly in code.\n- When a task is list or string oriented, keep state transitions obvious and test-friendly.\n- Avoid surprising side effects and global state.\n- Make code stable under empty inputs, singleton inputs, and boundary values when applicable.\n\n### Archived Humaneval-Style Specifications\nThe archive below keeps the prompt distribution aligned with Python function-completion tasks.\nOnly the final active task should be completed.\n\n### Reference Card: Python Completion Habits\n- Preserve imports that appear relevant to the target signature.\n- Use helpers only when they reduce branching complexity or repeated logic.\n- Prefer direct implementations that align with doctest examples.\n- Keep mutations local and obvious.\n- If a task implies sorting, grouping, scanning, counting, or stack-like behavior, make that explicit.\n- If a task implies number theory or geometry, encode the formula directly and keep units consistent.\n\n### Reference Card: Verification Checklist\n- Check empty sequences, repeated values, and off-by-one boundaries.\n- Respect whether the task asks for a value, a boolean, a string transform, or a list transform.\n- Follow the semantics implied by the prompt text rather than inventing a different API.\n- Keep returned types stable across all branches.\n- Prefer deterministic iteration order unless randomness is explicitly requested.\n\n### Reference Card: Code Review Heuristics\n- Small helper functions are fine when they remove duplicated logic.\n- Prefer linear-time scans when they are natural for the task.\n- Avoid hidden quadratic behavior unless the input sizes are clearly tiny.\n- Keep naming close to the task statement so the generated code stays legible.\n- When a prompt includes examples, treat them as part of the contract.\n\n### Archived Spec 000\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n given threshold.\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], 0.5)\n False\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0], 0.3)\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 001\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.\n Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other\n Ignore any spaces in the input string.\n >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')\n ['()', '(())', '(()())']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 002\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n \"\"\" Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals\n (leftover part always smaller than 1).\n\n Return the decimal part of the number.\n >>> truncate_number(3.5)\n 0.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 003\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n \"\"\" You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and\n at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False.\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, 3])\n False\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, -4, 5])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 004\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n \"\"\" For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n around the mean of this dataset.\n Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each\n element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):\n MAD = average | x - x_mean |\n >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 005\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n >>> intersperse([], 4)\n []\n >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)\n [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 006\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.\n E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.\n\n >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')\n [2, 3, 1, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 007\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 008\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n \"\"\" For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.\n >>> sum_product([])\n (0, 1)\n >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])\n (10, 24)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 009\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n in the sequence.\n >>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])\n [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 010\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Test if given string is a palindrome \"\"\"\n return string == string[::-1]\n\n\ndef make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.\n Algorithm idea is simple:\n - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.\n - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.\n >>> make_palindrome('')\n ''\n >>> make_palindrome('cat')\n 'catac'\n >>> make_palindrome('cata')\n 'catac'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 011\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.\n >>> string_xor('010', '110')\n '100'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 012\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Optional\n\n\ndef longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n \"\"\" Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.\n >>> longest([])\n\n >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'a'\n >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])\n 'ccc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 013\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(3, 5)\n 1\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(25, 15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 014\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n >>> all_prefixes('abc')\n ['a', 'ab', 'abc']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 015\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n \"\"\" Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n >>> string_sequence(0)\n '0'\n >>> string_sequence(5)\n '0 1 2 3 4 5'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 016\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')\n 3\n >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')\n 4\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 017\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each\n not last.\n\n Here is a legend:\n 'o' - whole note, lasts four beats\n 'o|' - half note, lasts two beats\n '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat\n\n >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')\n [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 018\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n >>> how_many_times('', 'a')\n 0\n >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')\n 3\n >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 019\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.\n Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest\n >>> sort_numbers('three one five')\n 'one three five'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 020\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n \"\"\" From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.2])\n (2.0, 2.2)\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0])\n (2.0, 2.0)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 021\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n \"\"\" Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1\n >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])\n [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 022\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Any\n\n\ndef filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])\n [5]\n >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])\n [1, 2, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 023\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strlen(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return length of given string\n >>> strlen('')\n 0\n >>> strlen('abc')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 024\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n >>> largest_divisor(15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 025\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.\n Input number should be equal to the product of all factors\n >>> factorize(8)\n [2, 2, 2]\n >>> factorize(25)\n [5, 5]\n >>> factorize(70)\n [2, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 026\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 068\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pluck(arr):\n \"\"\"\n \"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes\n your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.\n The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.\n If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.\n\n The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],\n If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].\n\n Example 1:\n Input: [4,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.\n\n Example 2:\n Input: [1,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index. \n\n Example 3:\n Input: []\n Output: []\n \n Example 4:\n Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]\n Output: [0, 1]\n Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,\n so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000\n * 0 <= node.value\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 069\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef search(lst):\n '''\n You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than \n zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself. \n The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.\n If no such a value exist, return -1.\n Examples:\n search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2\n search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3\n search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 070\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strange_sort_list(lst):\n '''\n Given list of integers, return list in strange order.\n Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,\n then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.\n\n Examples:\n strange_sort_list([1, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 4, 2, 3]\n strange_sort_list([5, 5, 5, 5]) == [5, 5, 5, 5]\n strange_sort_list([]) == []\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 071\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, b, c):\n '''\n Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of\n the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle. \n Otherwise return -1\n Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater \n than the third side.\n Example:\n triangle_area(3, 4, 5) == 6.00\n triangle_area(1, 2, 10) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 072\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef will_it_fly(q,w):\n '''\n Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.\n The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.\n\n Example:\n will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) ➞ False \n # 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) ➞ False\n # it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) ➞ True\n # 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3], 5) ➞ True\n # 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 073\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef smallest_change(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that\n need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that\n is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.\n\n For example:\n smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 074\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef total_match(lst1, lst2):\n '''\n Write a function that accepts two lists of strings and returns the list that has \n total number of chars in the all strings of the list less than the other list.\n\n if the two lists have the same number of chars, return the first list.\n\n Examples\n total_match([], []) ➞ []\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'Hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'Hi']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hi', 'hi', 'admin', 'project']) ➞ ['hi', 'admin']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']\n total_match(['4'], ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']) ➞ ['4']\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 075\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_multiply_prime(a):\n \"\"\"Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers\n and false otherwise.\n Knowing that (a) is less then 100. \n Example:\n is_multiply_prime(30) == True\n 30 = 2 * 3 * 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 076\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_simple_power(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple\n power of n and false in other cases.\n x is a simple power of n if n**int=x\n For example:\n is_simple_power(1, 4) => true\n is_simple_power(2, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(8, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(3, 2) => false\n is_simple_power(3, 1) => false\n is_simple_power(5, 3) => false\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 077\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef iscube(a):\n '''\n Write a function that takes an integer a and returns True \n if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.\n Note: you may assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n iscube(1) ==> True\n iscube(2) ==> False\n iscube(-1) ==> True\n iscube(64) ==> True\n iscube(0) ==> True\n iscube(180) ==> False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 078\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef hex_key(num):\n \"\"\"You have been tasked to write a function that receives \n a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal \n digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number \n greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).\n Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.\n Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...\n So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, \n B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).\n Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, \n and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.\n Examples:\n For num = \"AB\" the output should be 1.\n For num = \"1077E\" the output should be 2.\n For num = \"ABED1A33\" the output should be 4.\n For num = \"123456789ABCDEF0\" the output should be 6.\n For num = \"2020\" the output should be 2.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 079\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef decimal_to_binary(decimal):\n \"\"\"You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to\n binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary\n number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.\n\n There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.\n The extra characters are there to help with the format.\n\n Examples:\n decimal_to_binary(15) # returns \"db1111db\"\n decimal_to_binary(32) # returns \"db100000db\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 080\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_happy(s):\n \"\"\"You are given a string s.\n Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.\n A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct\n For example:\n is_happy(a) => False\n is_happy(aa) => False\n is_happy(abcd) => True\n is_happy(aabb) => False\n is_happy(adb) => True\n is_happy(xyy) => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 081\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef numerical_letter_grade(grades):\n \"\"\"It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades\n to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.\n The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.\n She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write \n a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:\n GPA | Letter grade\n 4.0 A+\n > 3.7 A \n > 3.3 A- \n > 3.0 B+\n > 2.7 B \n > 2.3 B-\n > 2.0 C+\n > 1.7 C\n > 1.3 C-\n > 1.0 D+ \n > 0.7 D \n > 0.0 D-\n 0.0 E\n \n\n Example:\n grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 082\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_length(string):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string\n length is a prime number or False otherwise\n Examples\n prime_length('Hello') == True\n prime_length('abcdcba') == True\n prime_length('kittens') == True\n prime_length('orange') == False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 083\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef starts_one_ends(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit\n positive integers that start or end with 1.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 084\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solve(N):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.\n \n Example\n For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be \"1\".\n For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be \"110\".\n For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be \"1100\".\n \n Variables:\n @N integer\n Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.\n Output:\n a string of binary number\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 085\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..\n\n\n Examples:\n add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2 \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 086\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef anti_shuffle(s):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.\n Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)\n are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in\n ascending order based on ascii value.\n Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.\n\n For example:\n anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'\n anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'\n anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 087\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_row(lst, x):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,\n which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,\n each row may contain a different number of columns.\n Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,\n and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that\n each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.\n Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.\n Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.\n \n Examples:\n get_row([\n [1,2,3,4,5,6],\n [1,2,3,4,1,6],\n [1,2,3,4,5,1]\n ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]\n get_row([], 1) == []\n get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 088\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(array):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,\n you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,\n or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.\n\n Note:\n * don't change the given array.\n\n Examples:\n * sort_array([]) => []\n * sort_array([5]) => [5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 089\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encrypt(s):\n \"\"\"Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and\n returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. \n The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters \n shift down by two multiplied to two places.\n For example:\n encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'\n encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'\n encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'\n encrypt('et') returns 'ix'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 090\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef next_smallest(lst):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a list of integers.\n Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list.\n Return None if there is no such element.\n \n next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2\n next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2\n next_smallest([]) == None\n next_smallest([1, 1]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 091\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_bored(S):\n \"\"\"\n You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number\n of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word \"I\".\n Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.\n \n For example:\n >>> is_bored(\"Hello world\")\n 0\n >>> is_bored(\"The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather\")\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 092\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef any_int(x, y, z):\n '''\n Create a function that takes 3 numbers.\n Returns true if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two, and all numbers are integers.\n Returns false in any other cases.\n \n Examples\n any_int(5, 2, 7) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3, 2, 2) ➞ False\n\n any_int(3, -2, 1) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3.6, -2.2, 2) ➞ False\n \n\n \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 093\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode(message):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a \n way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in \n the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that \n vowel in the english alphabet. \n Assume only letters. \n \n Examples:\n >>> encode('test')\n 'TGST'\n >>> encode('This is a message')\n 'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 094\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef skjkasdkd(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of integers.\n You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits.\n\n Examples:\n For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10\n For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25\n For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13\n For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11\n For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3\n For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 095\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_dict_case(dict):\n \"\"\"\n Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower \n case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False.\n The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty.\n Examples:\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"b\":\"banana\"}) should return True.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"A\":\"banana\", \"B\":\"banana\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", 8:\"banana\", \"a\":\"apple\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"Name\":\"John\", \"Age\":\"36\", \"City\":\"Houston\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"STATE\":\"NC\", \"ZIP\":\"12345\" }) should return True.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 096\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_up_to(n):\n \"\"\"Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n\n integers that are prime numbers and less than n.\n for example:\n count_up_to(5) => [2,3]\n count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]\n count_up_to(0) => []\n count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]\n count_up_to(1) => []\n count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 097\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef multiply(a, b):\n \"\"\"Complete the function that takes two integers and returns \n the product of their unit digits.\n Assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n multiply(148, 412) should return 16.\n multiply(19, 28) should return 72.\n multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.\n multiply(14,-15) should return 20.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 098\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_upper(s):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.\n \n For example:\n count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1\n count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0\n count_upper('dBBE') returns 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 099\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef closest_integer(value):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number\n and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant\n from two integers, round it away from zero.\n\n Examples\n >>> closest_integer(\"10\")\n 10\n >>> closest_integer(\"15.3\")\n 15\n\n Note:\n Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant\n from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the\n farthest from zero. For example closest_integer(\"14.5\") should\n return 15 and closest_integer(\"-14.5\") should return -15.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 100\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef make_a_pile(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.\n The first level has n stones.\n The number of stones in the next level is:\n - the next odd number if n is odd.\n - the next even number if n is even.\n Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index\n i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).\n\n Examples:\n >>> make_a_pile(3)\n [3, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 101\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_string(s):\n \"\"\"\n You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is\n to split the string into words and return an array of the words.\n \n For example:\n words_string(\"Hi, my name is John\") == [\"Hi\", \"my\", \"name\", \"is\", \"John\"]\n words_string(\"One, two, three, four, five, six\") == [\"One\", \"two\", \"three\", \"four\", \"five\", \"six\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 102\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef choose_num(x, y):\n \"\"\"This function takes two positive numbers x and y and returns the\n biggest even integer number that is in the range [x, y] inclusive. If \n there's no such number, then the function should return -1.\n\n For example:\n choose_num(12, 15) = 14\n choose_num(13, 12) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 103\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef rounded_avg(n, m):\n \"\"\"You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the\n average of the integers from n through m (including n and m). \n Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.\n If n is greater than m, return -1.\n Example:\n rounded_avg(1, 5) => \"0b11\"\n rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1\n rounded_avg(10, 20) => \"0b1111\"\n rounded_avg(20, 33) => \"0b11010\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 104\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique_digits(x):\n \"\"\"Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all \n elements that hasn't any even digit.\n\n Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.\n \n For example:\n >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])\n [1, 15, 33]\n >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])\n []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 105\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef by_length(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,\n reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from\n \"One\", \"Two\", \"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\", \"Six\", \"Seven\", \"Eight\", \"Nine\".\n\n For example:\n arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3] \n -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8] \n -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]\n return [\"Eight\", \"Five\", \"Four\", \"Three\", \"Two\", \"Two\", \"One\", \"One\"]\n \n If the array is empty, return an empty array:\n arr = []\n return []\n \n If the array has any strange number ignore it:\n arr = [1, -1 , 55] \n -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]\n -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]\n return = ['One']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 106\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef f(n):\n \"\"\" Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter,\n and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even\n or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise.\n i starts from 1.\n the factorial of i is the multiplication of the numbers from 1 to i (1 * 2 * ... * i).\n Example:\n f(5) == [1, 2, 6, 24, 15]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 107\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_palindrome(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd\n integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: 3\n Output: (1, 2)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: 12\n Output: (4, 6)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.\n\n Note:\n 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3\n 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 108\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_nums(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns\n the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.\n If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:\n e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.\n >>> count_nums([]) == 0\n >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1\n >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 109\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef move_one_ball(arr):\n \"\"\"We have an array 'arr' of N integers arr[1], arr[2], ..., arr[N].The\n numbers in the array will be randomly ordered. Your task is to determine if\n it is possible to get an array sorted in non-decreasing order by performing \n the following operation on the given array:\n You are allowed to perform right shift operation any number of times.\n \n One right shift operation means shifting all elements of the array by one\n position in the right direction. The last element of the array will be moved to\n the starting position in the array i.e. 0th index. \n\n If it is possible to obtain the sorted array by performing the above operation\n then return True else return False.\n If the given array is empty then return True.\n\n Note: The given list is guaranteed to have unique elements.\n\n For Example:\n \n move_one_ball([3, 4, 5, 1, 2])==>True\n Explanation: By performin 2 right shift operations, non-decreasing order can\n be achieved for the given array.\n move_one_ball([3, 5, 4, 1, 2])==>False\n Explanation:It is not possible to get non-decreasing order for the given\n array by performing any number of right shift operations.\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 110\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef exchange(lst1, lst2):\n \"\"\"In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,\n and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements\n between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.\n There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.\n If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make\n all the elements of lst1 to be even, return \"YES\".\n Otherwise, return \"NO\".\n For example:\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => \"YES\"\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => \"NO\"\n It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 111\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef histogram(test):\n \"\"\"Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary\n of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.\n If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.\n \n Example:\n histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}\n histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}\n histogram('') == {}\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 112\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef reverse_delete(s,c):\n \"\"\"Task\n We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c\n then check if the result string is palindrome.\n A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.\n You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.\n Example\n For s = \"abcde\", c = \"ae\", the result should be ('bcd',False)\n For s = \"abcdef\", c = \"b\" the result should be ('acdef',False)\n For s = \"abcdedcba\", c = \"ab\", the result should be ('cdedc',True)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 113\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef odd_count(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.\n Each element i of the output should be \"the number of odd elements in the\n string i of the input.\" where all the i's should be replaced by the number\n of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.\n\n >>> odd_count(['1234567'])\n [\"the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput.\"]\n >>> odd_count(['3',\"11111111\"])\n [\"the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.\",\n \"the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput.\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 114\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minSubArraySum(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array\n of nums.\n Example\n minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1\n minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 115\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_fill(grid, capacity):\n import math\n \"\"\"\n You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,\n and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.\n Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, \n and all buckets have the same capacity.\n Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.\n Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 1\n Output: 6\n\n Example 2:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 2\n Output: 5\n \n Example 3:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]\n bucket_capacity : 5\n Output: 0\n\n Constraints:\n * all wells have the same length\n * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2\n * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2\n * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1\n * 1 <= capacity <= 10\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 116\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(arr):\n \"\"\"\n In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to\n number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.\n For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.\n\n It must be implemented like this:\n >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]\n >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 117\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef select_words(s, n):\n \"\"\"Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement \n a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly \n n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.\n If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.\n Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.\n Examples:\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 4) ==> [\"little\"]\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 3) ==> [\"Mary\", \"lamb\"]\n select_words(\"simple white space\", 2) ==> []\n select_words(\"Hello world\", 4) ==> [\"world\"]\n select_words(\"Uncle sam\", 3) ==> [\"Uncle\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 118\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_closest_vowel(word):\n \"\"\"You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between \n two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).\n \n Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't\n find any vowel met the above condition. \n\n You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.\n\n Example:\n get_closest_vowel(\"yogurt\") ==> \"u\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"FULL\") ==> \"U\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"quick\") ==> \"\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"ab\") ==> \"\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 119\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef match_parens(lst):\n '''\n You are given a list of two strings, both strings consist of open\n parentheses '(' or close parentheses ')' only.\n Your job is to check if it is possible to concatenate the two strings in\n some order, that the resulting string will be good.\n A string S is considered to be good if and only if all parentheses in S\n are balanced. For example: the string '(())()' is good, while the string\n '())' is not.\n Return 'Yes' if there's a way to make a good string, and return 'No' otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n match_parens(['()(', ')']) == 'Yes'\n match_parens([')', ')']) == 'No'\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 120\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef maximum(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list \n of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3\n Output: [-4, -3, 5]\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2\n Output: [4, 4]\n\n Example 3:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1\n Output: [2]\n\n Note:\n 1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].\n 2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].\n 3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 121\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solution(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.\n \n\n Examples\n solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12\n solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9\n solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 122\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add_elements(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return\n the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.\n\n Example:\n\n Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4\n Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3\n\n Constraints:\n 1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100\n 2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 123\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_odd_collatz(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.\n\n The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined\n as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the \n previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of \n the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous\n term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.\n\n Note: \n 1. Collatz(1) is [1].\n 2. returned list sorted in increasing order.\n\n For example:\n get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 124\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef valid_date(date):\n \"\"\"You have to write a function which validates a given date string and\n returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.\n The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:\n 1. The date string is not empty.\n 2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.\n 3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.\n 4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy\n\n for example: \n valid_date('03-11-2000') => True\n\n valid_date('15-01-2012') => False\n\n valid_date('04-0-2040') => False\n\n valid_date('06-04-2020') => True\n\n valid_date('06/04/2020') => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 125\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef split_words(txt):\n '''\n Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you\n should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the\n alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25\n Examples\n split_words(\"Hello world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"Hello,world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"abcdef\") == 3 \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 126\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_sorted(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted\n in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same\n number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.\n\n Examples\n is_sorted([5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 127\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef intersection(interval1, interval2):\n \"\"\"You are given two intervals,\n where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).\n The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)\n includes both start and end.\n For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.\n Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two \n intervals is a prime number.\n Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)\n which its length is 1, which not a prime number.\n If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return \"YES\",\n otherwise, return \"NO\".\n If the two intervals don't intersect, return \"NO\".\n\n\n [input/output] samples:\n intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> \"YES\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 128\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prod_signs(arr):\n \"\"\"\n You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return\n sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs\n of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.\n Note: return None for empty arr.\n\n Example:\n >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9\n >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0\n >>> prod_signs([]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 129\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minPath(grid, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, \n each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]\n inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.\n\n You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start\n from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,\n in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current\n cell.\n Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not\n necessarily distinct).\n You CANNOT go off the grid.\n A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if\n after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go\n through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less\n than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)\n such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have\n lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].\n It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.\n Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.\n\n Examples:\n\n Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3\n Output: [1, 2, 1]\n\n Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1\n Output: [1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 130\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef tri(n):\n \"\"\"Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in \n the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.\n Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:\n tri(1) = 3\n tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.\n tri(n) = tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.\n For example:\n tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2\n tri(4) = 3\n tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)\n = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 \n You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the \n first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.\n Examples:\n tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 131\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digits(n):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.\n Return 0 if all digits are even.\n For example:\n digits(1) == 1\n digits(4) == 0\n digits(235) == 15\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 132\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_nested(string):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.\n The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets \n where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.\n\n is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[][]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 133\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of numbers.\n You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,\n round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.\n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14\n For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98\n For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84\n For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29\n For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6\n \n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 134\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):\n '''\n Create a function that returns True if the last character\n of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not\n a part of a word, and False otherwise.\n Note: \"word\" is a group of characters separated by space.\n\n Examples:\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pie\") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e\") ➞ True\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e \") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"\") ➞ False \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 135\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef can_arrange(arr):\n \"\"\"Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which\n is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If\n no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain\n duplicate values.\n\n Examples:\n can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3\n can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 136\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_smallest_integers(lst):\n '''\n Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is\n the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest\n of positive integers in a list.\n If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.\n\n Examples:\n largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)\n largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)\n largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 137\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare_one(a, b):\n \"\"\"\n Create a function that takes integers, floats, or strings representing\n real numbers, and returns the larger variable in its given variable type.\n Return None if the values are equal.\n Note: If a real number is represented as a string, the floating point might be . or ,\n\n compare_one(1, 2.5) ➞ 2.5\n compare_one(1, \"2,3\") ➞ \"2,3\"\n compare_one(\"5,1\", \"6\") ➞ \"6\"\n compare_one(\"1\", 1) ➞ None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 138\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_equal_to_sum_even(n):\n \"\"\"Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers\n Example\n is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 139\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef special_factorial(n):\n \"\"\"The Brazilian factorial is defined as:\n brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!\n where n > 0\n\n For example:\n >>> special_factorial(4)\n 288\n\n The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special\n factorial of this integer.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 140\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fix_spaces(text):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, \n and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, \n then replace all consecutive spaces with - \n \n fix_spaces(\"Example\") == \"Example\"\n fix_spaces(\"Example 1\") == \"Example_1\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 2\") == \"_Example_2\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 3\") == \"_Example-3\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 141\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef file_name_check(file_name):\n \"\"\"Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns\n 'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.\n A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions \n are met:\n - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.\n - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'\n - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from \n the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').\n - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']\n Examples:\n file_name_check(\"example.txt\") # => 'Yes'\n file_name_check(\"1example.dll\") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 142\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"\"\n This function will take a list of integers. For all entries in the list, the function shall square the integer entry if its index is a \n multiple of 3 and will cube the integer entry if its index is a multiple of 4 and not a multiple of 3. The function will not \n change the entries in the list whose indexes are not a multiple of 3 or 4. The function shall then return the sum of all entries. \n \n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 6\n For lst = [] the output should be 0\n For lst = [-1,-5,2,-1,-5] the output should be -126\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 143\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_in_sentence(sentence):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a string representing a sentence,\n the sentence contains some words separated by a space,\n and you have to return a string that contains the words from the original sentence,\n whose lengths are prime numbers,\n the order of the words in the new string should be the same as the original one.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: sentence = \"This is a test\"\n Output: \"is\"\n\n Example 2:\n Input: sentence = \"lets go for swimming\"\n Output: \"go for\"\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= len(sentence) <= 100\n * sentence contains only letters\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 144\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef simplify(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to implement a function that will simplify the expression\n x * n. The function returns True if x * n evaluates to a whole number and False\n otherwise. Both x and n, are string representation of a fraction, and have the following format,\n <numerator>/<denominator> where both numerator and denominator are positive whole numbers.\n\n You can assume that x, and n are valid fractions, and do not have zero as denominator.\n\n simplify(\"1/5\", \"5/1\") = True\n simplify(\"1/6\", \"2/1\") = False\n simplify(\"7/10\", \"10/2\") = False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 145\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef order_by_points(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function which sorts the given list of integers\n in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.\n Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,\n order them based on their index in original list.\n\n For example:\n >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]\n >>> order_by_points([]) == []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 146\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef specialFilter(nums):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns \n the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both \n first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).\n For example:\n specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 \n specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 147\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_max_triples(n):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a positive integer n. You have to create an integer array a of length n.\n For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ n), the value of a[i] = i * i - i + 1.\n Return the number of triples (a[i], a[j], a[k]) of a where i < j < k, \n and a[i] + a[j] + a[k] is a multiple of 3.\n\n Example :\n Input: n = 5\n Output: 1\n Explanation: \n a = [1, 3, 7, 13, 21]\n The only valid triple is (1, 7, 13).\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 148\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef bf(planet1, planet2):\n '''\n There are eight planets in our solar system: the closerst to the Sun \n is Mercury, the next one is Venus, then Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, \n Uranus, Neptune.\n Write a function that takes two planet names as strings planet1 and planet2. \n The function should return a tuple containing all planets whose orbits are \n located between the orbit of planet1 and the orbit of planet2, sorted by \n the proximity to the sun. \n The function should return an empty tuple if planet1 or planet2\n are not correct planet names. \n Examples\n bf(\"Jupiter\", \"Neptune\") ==> (\"Saturn\", \"Uranus\")\n bf(\"Earth\", \"Mercury\") ==> (\"Venus\")\n bf(\"Mercury\", \"Uranus\") ==> (\"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\", \"Jupiter\", \"Saturn\")\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 149\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sorted_list_sum(lst):\n \"\"\"Write a function that accepts a list of strings as a parameter,\n deletes the strings that have odd lengths from it,\n and returns the resulted list with a sorted order,\n The list is always a list of strings and never an array of numbers,\n and it may contain duplicates.\n The order of the list should be ascending by length of each word, and you\n should return the list sorted by that rule.\n If two words have the same length, sort the list alphabetically.\n The function should return a list of strings in sorted order.\n You may assume that all words will have the same length.\n For example:\n assert list_sort([\"aa\", \"a\", \"aaa\"]) => [\"aa\"]\n assert list_sort([\"ab\", \"a\", \"aaa\", \"cd\"]) => [\"ab\", \"cd\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 150\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef x_or_y(n, x, y):\n \"\"\"A simple program which should return the value of x if n is \n a prime number and should return the value of y otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n for x_or_y(7, 34, 12) == 34\n for x_or_y(15, 8, 5) == 5\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 151\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef double_the_difference(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers\n in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.\n \n double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10\n double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0\n double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81\n double_the_difference([0]) == 0 \n \n If the input list is empty, return 0.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 152\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare(game,guess):\n \"\"\"I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited\n event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are\n definitely worth noting down and comparing.\n Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.\n You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match. \n Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,\n the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.\n \n \n example:\n\n compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]\n compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 153\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):\n \"\"\"You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.\n The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The\n strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase\n letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters \n in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM. \n You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this \n format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.\n If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should\n choose the one that comes first in the list.\n For example, if you are given \"Slices\" as the class and a list of the\n extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should\n return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension \n (its strength is -1).\n Example:\n for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 154\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef cycpattern_check(a , b):\n \"\"\"You are given 2 words. You need to return True if the second word or any of its rotations is a substring in the first word\n cycpattern_check(\"abcd\",\"abd\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"hello\",\"ell\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"whassup\",\"psus\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"abab\",\"baa\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"efef\",\"eeff\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"himenss\",\"simen\") => True\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 155\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_count(num):\n \"\"\"Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.\n\n Example:\n even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)\n even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 156\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef int_to_mini_roman(number):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer, obtain its roman numeral equivalent as a string,\n and return it in lowercase.\n Restrictions: 1 <= num <= 1000\n\n Examples:\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(19) == 'xix'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(152) == 'clii'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(426) == 'cdxxvi'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Signature Index 000\n# Signature: def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n# Summary: Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 001\n# Signature: def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 002\n# Signature: def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n# Summary: Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 003\n# Signature: def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n# Summary: You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 004\n# Signature: def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n# Summary: For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 005\n# Signature: def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 006\n# Signature: def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 007\n# Signature: def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 008\n# Signature: def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n# Summary: For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 009\n# Signature: def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 010\n# Signature: def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n# Summary: Test if given string is a palindrome\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 011\n# Signature: def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 012\n# Signature: def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n# Summary: Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n# Imports: from typing import List, Optional\n\n### Signature Index 013\n# Signature: def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n# Summary: Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 014\n# Signature: def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 015\n# Signature: def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n# Summary: Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 016\n# Signature: def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 017\n# Signature: def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 018\n# Signature: def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 019\n# Signature: def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 020\n# Signature: def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n# Summary: From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 021\n# Signature: def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n# Summary: Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 022\n# Signature: def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n# Imports: from typing import List, Any\n\n### Signature Index 023\n# Signature: def strlen(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Return length of given string\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 024\n# Signature: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n# Summary: For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 025\n# Signature: def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 026\n# Signature: def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 027\n# Signature: def flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n# Summary: For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 028\n# Signature: def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n# Summary: Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 029\n# Signature: def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 030\n# Signature: def get_positive(l: list):\n# Summary: Return only positive numbers in the list.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 031\n# Signature: def is_prime(n):\n# Summary: Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 032\n# Signature: def poly(xs: list, x: float):\n# Summary: Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n# Imports: import math\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n### Local Workspace Digest\n# Request type: hot\n# Benchmark request serial: 00193\n# Source prompt row: 029\n# Source cycle: 001\n# Active signature: def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n# Prompt summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n# Imports in active task: from typing import List\n# Example: filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n# Example: filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n# pad: deterministic code path.\n# pad: docstring-compatible behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n### Active Task\nOnly the task below should be solved. Archived context above is reference-only.\n\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n"},"output_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":1000,"string":"1,000"},"cache_group":{"kind":"string","value":"hot"},"prompt_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":29993,"string":"29,993"},"shared_prefix_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":25468,"string":"25,468"},"request_serial":{"kind":"number","value":193,"string":"193"},"source_row":{"kind":"number","value":29,"string":"29"},"source_cycle":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"}}},{"rowIdx":194,"cells":{"prompt":{"kind":"string","value":"### Shared Repository Context\nThe following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.\nIt is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python\nfunction completion request instead of synthetic random text.\n\nImportant behavior rules:\n1. Treat the archived task specs below as background context only.\n2. Solve only the final active task that appears near the end of the prompt.\n3. Keep the style compatible with concise Python function-completion workloads.\n4. Reuse the archived material only as reference context; do not answer those archived tasks.\n5. Maintain deterministic coding style, straightforward helper usage, and compatible docstring behavior.\n\n### Engineering Policy Cards\n- Prefer pure Python unless the task clearly requires external libraries.\n- Preserve function signatures exactly and keep helper functions local when useful.\n- Use readable loops and conditionals over clever one-liners when correctness is easier to audit.\n- Match documented examples and edge cases before micro-optimizing.\n- Favor total correctness over partial heuristic behavior.\n- When a task is arithmetic or parsing heavy, write simple invariants directly in code.\n- When a task is list or string oriented, keep state transitions obvious and test-friendly.\n- Avoid surprising side effects and global state.\n- Make code stable under empty inputs, singleton inputs, and boundary values when applicable.\n\n### Archived Humaneval-Style Specifications\nThe archive below keeps the prompt distribution aligned with Python function-completion tasks.\nOnly the final active task should be completed.\n\n### Reference Card: Python Completion Habits\n- Preserve imports that appear relevant to the target signature.\n- Use helpers only when they reduce branching complexity or repeated logic.\n- Prefer direct implementations that align with doctest examples.\n- Keep mutations local and obvious.\n- If a task implies sorting, grouping, scanning, counting, or stack-like behavior, make that explicit.\n- If a task implies number theory or geometry, encode the formula directly and keep units consistent.\n\n### Reference Card: Verification Checklist\n- Check empty sequences, repeated values, and off-by-one boundaries.\n- Respect whether the task asks for a value, a boolean, a string transform, or a list transform.\n- Follow the semantics implied by the prompt text rather than inventing a different API.\n- Keep returned types stable across all branches.\n- Prefer deterministic iteration order unless randomness is explicitly requested.\n\n### Reference Card: Code Review Heuristics\n- Small helper functions are fine when they remove duplicated logic.\n- Prefer linear-time scans when they are natural for the task.\n- Avoid hidden quadratic behavior unless the input sizes are clearly tiny.\n- Keep naming close to the task statement so the generated code stays legible.\n- When a prompt includes examples, treat them as part of the contract.\n\n### Archived Spec 000\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n given threshold.\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], 0.5)\n False\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0], 0.3)\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 001\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.\n Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other\n Ignore any spaces in the input string.\n >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')\n ['()', '(())', '(()())']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 002\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n \"\"\" Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals\n (leftover part always smaller than 1).\n\n Return the decimal part of the number.\n >>> truncate_number(3.5)\n 0.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 003\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n \"\"\" You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and\n at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False.\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, 3])\n False\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, -4, 5])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 004\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n \"\"\" For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n around the mean of this dataset.\n Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each\n element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):\n MAD = average | x - x_mean |\n >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 005\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n >>> intersperse([], 4)\n []\n >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)\n [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 006\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.\n E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.\n\n >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')\n [2, 3, 1, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 007\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 008\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n \"\"\" For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.\n >>> sum_product([])\n (0, 1)\n >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])\n (10, 24)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 009\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n in the sequence.\n >>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])\n [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 010\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Test if given string is a palindrome \"\"\"\n return string == string[::-1]\n\n\ndef make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.\n Algorithm idea is simple:\n - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.\n - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.\n >>> make_palindrome('')\n ''\n >>> make_palindrome('cat')\n 'catac'\n >>> make_palindrome('cata')\n 'catac'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 011\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.\n >>> string_xor('010', '110')\n '100'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 012\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Optional\n\n\ndef longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n \"\"\" Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.\n >>> longest([])\n\n >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'a'\n >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])\n 'ccc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 013\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(3, 5)\n 1\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(25, 15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 014\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n >>> all_prefixes('abc')\n ['a', 'ab', 'abc']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 015\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n \"\"\" Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n >>> string_sequence(0)\n '0'\n >>> string_sequence(5)\n '0 1 2 3 4 5'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 016\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')\n 3\n >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')\n 4\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 017\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each\n not last.\n\n Here is a legend:\n 'o' - whole note, lasts four beats\n 'o|' - half note, lasts two beats\n '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat\n\n >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')\n [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 018\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n >>> how_many_times('', 'a')\n 0\n >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')\n 3\n >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 019\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.\n Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest\n >>> sort_numbers('three one five')\n 'one three five'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 020\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n \"\"\" From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.2])\n (2.0, 2.2)\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0])\n (2.0, 2.0)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 021\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n \"\"\" Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1\n >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])\n [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 022\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Any\n\n\ndef filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])\n [5]\n >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])\n [1, 2, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 023\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strlen(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return length of given string\n >>> strlen('')\n 0\n >>> strlen('abc')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 024\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n >>> largest_divisor(15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 025\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.\n Input number should be equal to the product of all factors\n >>> factorize(8)\n [2, 2, 2]\n >>> factorize(25)\n [5, 5]\n >>> factorize(70)\n [2, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 026\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 068\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pluck(arr):\n \"\"\"\n \"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes\n your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.\n The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.\n If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.\n\n The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],\n If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].\n\n Example 1:\n Input: [4,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.\n\n Example 2:\n Input: [1,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index. \n\n Example 3:\n Input: []\n Output: []\n \n Example 4:\n Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]\n Output: [0, 1]\n Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,\n so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000\n * 0 <= node.value\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 069\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef search(lst):\n '''\n You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than \n zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself. \n The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.\n If no such a value exist, return -1.\n Examples:\n search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2\n search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3\n search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 070\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strange_sort_list(lst):\n '''\n Given list of integers, return list in strange order.\n Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,\n then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.\n\n Examples:\n strange_sort_list([1, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 4, 2, 3]\n strange_sort_list([5, 5, 5, 5]) == [5, 5, 5, 5]\n strange_sort_list([]) == []\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 071\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, b, c):\n '''\n Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of\n the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle. \n Otherwise return -1\n Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater \n than the third side.\n Example:\n triangle_area(3, 4, 5) == 6.00\n triangle_area(1, 2, 10) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 072\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef will_it_fly(q,w):\n '''\n Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.\n The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.\n\n Example:\n will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) ➞ False \n # 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) ➞ False\n # it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) ➞ True\n # 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3], 5) ➞ True\n # 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 073\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef smallest_change(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that\n need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that\n is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.\n\n For example:\n smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 074\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef total_match(lst1, lst2):\n '''\n Write a function that accepts two lists of strings and returns the list that has \n total number of chars in the all strings of the list less than the other list.\n\n if the two lists have the same number of chars, return the first list.\n\n Examples\n total_match([], []) ➞ []\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'Hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'Hi']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hi', 'hi', 'admin', 'project']) ➞ ['hi', 'admin']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']\n total_match(['4'], ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']) ➞ ['4']\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 075\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_multiply_prime(a):\n \"\"\"Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers\n and false otherwise.\n Knowing that (a) is less then 100. \n Example:\n is_multiply_prime(30) == True\n 30 = 2 * 3 * 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 076\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_simple_power(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple\n power of n and false in other cases.\n x is a simple power of n if n**int=x\n For example:\n is_simple_power(1, 4) => true\n is_simple_power(2, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(8, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(3, 2) => false\n is_simple_power(3, 1) => false\n is_simple_power(5, 3) => false\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 077\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef iscube(a):\n '''\n Write a function that takes an integer a and returns True \n if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.\n Note: you may assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n iscube(1) ==> True\n iscube(2) ==> False\n iscube(-1) ==> True\n iscube(64) ==> True\n iscube(0) ==> True\n iscube(180) ==> False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 078\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef hex_key(num):\n \"\"\"You have been tasked to write a function that receives \n a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal \n digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number \n greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).\n Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.\n Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...\n So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, \n B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).\n Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, \n and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.\n Examples:\n For num = \"AB\" the output should be 1.\n For num = \"1077E\" the output should be 2.\n For num = \"ABED1A33\" the output should be 4.\n For num = \"123456789ABCDEF0\" the output should be 6.\n For num = \"2020\" the output should be 2.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 079\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef decimal_to_binary(decimal):\n \"\"\"You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to\n binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary\n number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.\n\n There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.\n The extra characters are there to help with the format.\n\n Examples:\n decimal_to_binary(15) # returns \"db1111db\"\n decimal_to_binary(32) # returns \"db100000db\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 080\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_happy(s):\n \"\"\"You are given a string s.\n Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.\n A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct\n For example:\n is_happy(a) => False\n is_happy(aa) => False\n is_happy(abcd) => True\n is_happy(aabb) => False\n is_happy(adb) => True\n is_happy(xyy) => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 081\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef numerical_letter_grade(grades):\n \"\"\"It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades\n to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.\n The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.\n She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write \n a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:\n GPA | Letter grade\n 4.0 A+\n > 3.7 A \n > 3.3 A- \n > 3.0 B+\n > 2.7 B \n > 2.3 B-\n > 2.0 C+\n > 1.7 C\n > 1.3 C-\n > 1.0 D+ \n > 0.7 D \n > 0.0 D-\n 0.0 E\n \n\n Example:\n grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 082\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_length(string):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string\n length is a prime number or False otherwise\n Examples\n prime_length('Hello') == True\n prime_length('abcdcba') == True\n prime_length('kittens') == True\n prime_length('orange') == False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 083\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef starts_one_ends(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit\n positive integers that start or end with 1.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 084\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solve(N):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.\n \n Example\n For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be \"1\".\n For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be \"110\".\n For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be \"1100\".\n \n Variables:\n @N integer\n Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.\n Output:\n a string of binary number\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 085\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..\n\n\n Examples:\n add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2 \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 086\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef anti_shuffle(s):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.\n Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)\n are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in\n ascending order based on ascii value.\n Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.\n\n For example:\n anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'\n anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'\n anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 087\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_row(lst, x):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,\n which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,\n each row may contain a different number of columns.\n Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,\n and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that\n each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.\n Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.\n Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.\n \n Examples:\n get_row([\n [1,2,3,4,5,6],\n [1,2,3,4,1,6],\n [1,2,3,4,5,1]\n ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]\n get_row([], 1) == []\n get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 088\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(array):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,\n you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,\n or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.\n\n Note:\n * don't change the given array.\n\n Examples:\n * sort_array([]) => []\n * sort_array([5]) => [5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 089\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encrypt(s):\n \"\"\"Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and\n returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. \n The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters \n shift down by two multiplied to two places.\n For example:\n encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'\n encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'\n encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'\n encrypt('et') returns 'ix'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 090\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef next_smallest(lst):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a list of integers.\n Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list.\n Return None if there is no such element.\n \n next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2\n next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2\n next_smallest([]) == None\n next_smallest([1, 1]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 091\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_bored(S):\n \"\"\"\n You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number\n of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word \"I\".\n Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.\n \n For example:\n >>> is_bored(\"Hello world\")\n 0\n >>> is_bored(\"The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather\")\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 092\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef any_int(x, y, z):\n '''\n Create a function that takes 3 numbers.\n Returns true if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two, and all numbers are integers.\n Returns false in any other cases.\n \n Examples\n any_int(5, 2, 7) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3, 2, 2) ➞ False\n\n any_int(3, -2, 1) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3.6, -2.2, 2) ➞ False\n \n\n \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 093\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode(message):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a \n way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in \n the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that \n vowel in the english alphabet. \n Assume only letters. \n \n Examples:\n >>> encode('test')\n 'TGST'\n >>> encode('This is a message')\n 'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 094\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef skjkasdkd(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of integers.\n You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits.\n\n Examples:\n For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10\n For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25\n For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13\n For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11\n For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3\n For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 095\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_dict_case(dict):\n \"\"\"\n Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower \n case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False.\n The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty.\n Examples:\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"b\":\"banana\"}) should return True.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"A\":\"banana\", \"B\":\"banana\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", 8:\"banana\", \"a\":\"apple\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"Name\":\"John\", \"Age\":\"36\", \"City\":\"Houston\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"STATE\":\"NC\", \"ZIP\":\"12345\" }) should return True.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 096\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_up_to(n):\n \"\"\"Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n\n integers that are prime numbers and less than n.\n for example:\n count_up_to(5) => [2,3]\n count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]\n count_up_to(0) => []\n count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]\n count_up_to(1) => []\n count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 097\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef multiply(a, b):\n \"\"\"Complete the function that takes two integers and returns \n the product of their unit digits.\n Assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n multiply(148, 412) should return 16.\n multiply(19, 28) should return 72.\n multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.\n multiply(14,-15) should return 20.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 098\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_upper(s):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.\n \n For example:\n count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1\n count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0\n count_upper('dBBE') returns 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 099\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef closest_integer(value):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number\n and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant\n from two integers, round it away from zero.\n\n Examples\n >>> closest_integer(\"10\")\n 10\n >>> closest_integer(\"15.3\")\n 15\n\n Note:\n Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant\n from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the\n farthest from zero. For example closest_integer(\"14.5\") should\n return 15 and closest_integer(\"-14.5\") should return -15.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 100\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef make_a_pile(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.\n The first level has n stones.\n The number of stones in the next level is:\n - the next odd number if n is odd.\n - the next even number if n is even.\n Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index\n i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).\n\n Examples:\n >>> make_a_pile(3)\n [3, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 101\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_string(s):\n \"\"\"\n You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is\n to split the string into words and return an array of the words.\n \n For example:\n words_string(\"Hi, my name is John\") == [\"Hi\", \"my\", \"name\", \"is\", \"John\"]\n words_string(\"One, two, three, four, five, six\") == [\"One\", \"two\", \"three\", \"four\", \"five\", \"six\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 102\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef choose_num(x, y):\n \"\"\"This function takes two positive numbers x and y and returns the\n biggest even integer number that is in the range [x, y] inclusive. If \n there's no such number, then the function should return -1.\n\n For example:\n choose_num(12, 15) = 14\n choose_num(13, 12) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 103\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef rounded_avg(n, m):\n \"\"\"You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the\n average of the integers from n through m (including n and m). \n Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.\n If n is greater than m, return -1.\n Example:\n rounded_avg(1, 5) => \"0b11\"\n rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1\n rounded_avg(10, 20) => \"0b1111\"\n rounded_avg(20, 33) => \"0b11010\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 104\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique_digits(x):\n \"\"\"Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all \n elements that hasn't any even digit.\n\n Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.\n \n For example:\n >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])\n [1, 15, 33]\n >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])\n []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 105\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef by_length(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,\n reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from\n \"One\", \"Two\", \"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\", \"Six\", \"Seven\", \"Eight\", \"Nine\".\n\n For example:\n arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3] \n -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8] \n -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]\n return [\"Eight\", \"Five\", \"Four\", \"Three\", \"Two\", \"Two\", \"One\", \"One\"]\n \n If the array is empty, return an empty array:\n arr = []\n return []\n \n If the array has any strange number ignore it:\n arr = [1, -1 , 55] \n -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]\n -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]\n return = ['One']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 106\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef f(n):\n \"\"\" Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter,\n and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even\n or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise.\n i starts from 1.\n the factorial of i is the multiplication of the numbers from 1 to i (1 * 2 * ... * i).\n Example:\n f(5) == [1, 2, 6, 24, 15]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 107\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_palindrome(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd\n integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: 3\n Output: (1, 2)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: 12\n Output: (4, 6)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.\n\n Note:\n 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3\n 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 108\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_nums(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns\n the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.\n If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:\n e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.\n >>> count_nums([]) == 0\n >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1\n >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 109\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef move_one_ball(arr):\n \"\"\"We have an array 'arr' of N integers arr[1], arr[2], ..., arr[N].The\n numbers in the array will be randomly ordered. Your task is to determine if\n it is possible to get an array sorted in non-decreasing order by performing \n the following operation on the given array:\n You are allowed to perform right shift operation any number of times.\n \n One right shift operation means shifting all elements of the array by one\n position in the right direction. The last element of the array will be moved to\n the starting position in the array i.e. 0th index. \n\n If it is possible to obtain the sorted array by performing the above operation\n then return True else return False.\n If the given array is empty then return True.\n\n Note: The given list is guaranteed to have unique elements.\n\n For Example:\n \n move_one_ball([3, 4, 5, 1, 2])==>True\n Explanation: By performin 2 right shift operations, non-decreasing order can\n be achieved for the given array.\n move_one_ball([3, 5, 4, 1, 2])==>False\n Explanation:It is not possible to get non-decreasing order for the given\n array by performing any number of right shift operations.\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 110\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef exchange(lst1, lst2):\n \"\"\"In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,\n and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements\n between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.\n There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.\n If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make\n all the elements of lst1 to be even, return \"YES\".\n Otherwise, return \"NO\".\n For example:\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => \"YES\"\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => \"NO\"\n It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 111\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef histogram(test):\n \"\"\"Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary\n of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.\n If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.\n \n Example:\n histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}\n histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}\n histogram('') == {}\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 112\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef reverse_delete(s,c):\n \"\"\"Task\n We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c\n then check if the result string is palindrome.\n A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.\n You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.\n Example\n For s = \"abcde\", c = \"ae\", the result should be ('bcd',False)\n For s = \"abcdef\", c = \"b\" the result should be ('acdef',False)\n For s = \"abcdedcba\", c = \"ab\", the result should be ('cdedc',True)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 113\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef odd_count(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.\n Each element i of the output should be \"the number of odd elements in the\n string i of the input.\" where all the i's should be replaced by the number\n of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.\n\n >>> odd_count(['1234567'])\n [\"the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput.\"]\n >>> odd_count(['3',\"11111111\"])\n [\"the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.\",\n \"the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput.\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 114\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minSubArraySum(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array\n of nums.\n Example\n minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1\n minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 115\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_fill(grid, capacity):\n import math\n \"\"\"\n You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,\n and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.\n Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, \n and all buckets have the same capacity.\n Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.\n Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 1\n Output: 6\n\n Example 2:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 2\n Output: 5\n \n Example 3:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]\n bucket_capacity : 5\n Output: 0\n\n Constraints:\n * all wells have the same length\n * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2\n * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2\n * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1\n * 1 <= capacity <= 10\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 116\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(arr):\n \"\"\"\n In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to\n number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.\n For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.\n\n It must be implemented like this:\n >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]\n >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 117\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef select_words(s, n):\n \"\"\"Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement \n a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly \n n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.\n If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.\n Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.\n Examples:\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 4) ==> [\"little\"]\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 3) ==> [\"Mary\", \"lamb\"]\n select_words(\"simple white space\", 2) ==> []\n select_words(\"Hello world\", 4) ==> [\"world\"]\n select_words(\"Uncle sam\", 3) ==> [\"Uncle\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 118\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_closest_vowel(word):\n \"\"\"You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between \n two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).\n \n Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't\n find any vowel met the above condition. \n\n You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.\n\n Example:\n get_closest_vowel(\"yogurt\") ==> \"u\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"FULL\") ==> \"U\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"quick\") ==> \"\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"ab\") ==> \"\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 119\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef match_parens(lst):\n '''\n You are given a list of two strings, both strings consist of open\n parentheses '(' or close parentheses ')' only.\n Your job is to check if it is possible to concatenate the two strings in\n some order, that the resulting string will be good.\n A string S is considered to be good if and only if all parentheses in S\n are balanced. For example: the string '(())()' is good, while the string\n '())' is not.\n Return 'Yes' if there's a way to make a good string, and return 'No' otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n match_parens(['()(', ')']) == 'Yes'\n match_parens([')', ')']) == 'No'\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 120\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef maximum(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list \n of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3\n Output: [-4, -3, 5]\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2\n Output: [4, 4]\n\n Example 3:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1\n Output: [2]\n\n Note:\n 1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].\n 2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].\n 3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 121\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solution(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.\n \n\n Examples\n solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12\n solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9\n solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 122\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add_elements(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return\n the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.\n\n Example:\n\n Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4\n Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3\n\n Constraints:\n 1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100\n 2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 123\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_odd_collatz(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.\n\n The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined\n as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the \n previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of \n the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous\n term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.\n\n Note: \n 1. Collatz(1) is [1].\n 2. returned list sorted in increasing order.\n\n For example:\n get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 124\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef valid_date(date):\n \"\"\"You have to write a function which validates a given date string and\n returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.\n The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:\n 1. The date string is not empty.\n 2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.\n 3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.\n 4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy\n\n for example: \n valid_date('03-11-2000') => True\n\n valid_date('15-01-2012') => False\n\n valid_date('04-0-2040') => False\n\n valid_date('06-04-2020') => True\n\n valid_date('06/04/2020') => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 125\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef split_words(txt):\n '''\n Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you\n should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the\n alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25\n Examples\n split_words(\"Hello world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"Hello,world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"abcdef\") == 3 \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 126\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_sorted(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted\n in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same\n number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.\n\n Examples\n is_sorted([5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 127\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef intersection(interval1, interval2):\n \"\"\"You are given two intervals,\n where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).\n The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)\n includes both start and end.\n For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.\n Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two \n intervals is a prime number.\n Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)\n which its length is 1, which not a prime number.\n If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return \"YES\",\n otherwise, return \"NO\".\n If the two intervals don't intersect, return \"NO\".\n\n\n [input/output] samples:\n intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> \"YES\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 128\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prod_signs(arr):\n \"\"\"\n You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return\n sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs\n of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.\n Note: return None for empty arr.\n\n Example:\n >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9\n >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0\n >>> prod_signs([]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 129\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minPath(grid, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, \n each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]\n inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.\n\n You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start\n from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,\n in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current\n cell.\n Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not\n necessarily distinct).\n You CANNOT go off the grid.\n A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if\n after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go\n through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less\n than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)\n such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have\n lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].\n It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.\n Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.\n\n Examples:\n\n Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3\n Output: [1, 2, 1]\n\n Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1\n Output: [1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 130\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef tri(n):\n \"\"\"Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in \n the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.\n Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:\n tri(1) = 3\n tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.\n tri(n) = tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.\n For example:\n tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2\n tri(4) = 3\n tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)\n = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 \n You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the \n first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.\n Examples:\n tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 131\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digits(n):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.\n Return 0 if all digits are even.\n For example:\n digits(1) == 1\n digits(4) == 0\n digits(235) == 15\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 132\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_nested(string):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.\n The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets \n where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.\n\n is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[][]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 133\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of numbers.\n You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,\n round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.\n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14\n For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98\n For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84\n For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29\n For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6\n \n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 134\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):\n '''\n Create a function that returns True if the last character\n of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not\n a part of a word, and False otherwise.\n Note: \"word\" is a group of characters separated by space.\n\n Examples:\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pie\") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e\") ➞ True\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e \") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"\") ➞ False \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 135\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef can_arrange(arr):\n \"\"\"Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which\n is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If\n no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain\n duplicate values.\n\n Examples:\n can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3\n can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 136\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_smallest_integers(lst):\n '''\n Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is\n the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest\n of positive integers in a list.\n If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.\n\n Examples:\n largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)\n largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)\n largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 137\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare_one(a, b):\n \"\"\"\n Create a function that takes integers, floats, or strings representing\n real numbers, and returns the larger variable in its given variable type.\n Return None if the values are equal.\n Note: If a real number is represented as a string, the floating point might be . or ,\n\n compare_one(1, 2.5) ➞ 2.5\n compare_one(1, \"2,3\") ➞ \"2,3\"\n compare_one(\"5,1\", \"6\") ➞ \"6\"\n compare_one(\"1\", 1) ➞ None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 138\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_equal_to_sum_even(n):\n \"\"\"Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers\n Example\n is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 139\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef special_factorial(n):\n \"\"\"The Brazilian factorial is defined as:\n brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!\n where n > 0\n\n For example:\n >>> special_factorial(4)\n 288\n\n The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special\n factorial of this integer.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 140\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fix_spaces(text):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, \n and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, \n then replace all consecutive spaces with - \n \n fix_spaces(\"Example\") == \"Example\"\n fix_spaces(\"Example 1\") == \"Example_1\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 2\") == \"_Example_2\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 3\") == \"_Example-3\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 141\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef file_name_check(file_name):\n \"\"\"Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns\n 'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.\n A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions \n are met:\n - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.\n - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'\n - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from \n the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').\n - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']\n Examples:\n file_name_check(\"example.txt\") # => 'Yes'\n file_name_check(\"1example.dll\") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 142\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"\"\n This function will take a list of integers. For all entries in the list, the function shall square the integer entry if its index is a \n multiple of 3 and will cube the integer entry if its index is a multiple of 4 and not a multiple of 3. The function will not \n change the entries in the list whose indexes are not a multiple of 3 or 4. The function shall then return the sum of all entries. \n \n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 6\n For lst = [] the output should be 0\n For lst = [-1,-5,2,-1,-5] the output should be -126\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 143\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_in_sentence(sentence):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a string representing a sentence,\n the sentence contains some words separated by a space,\n and you have to return a string that contains the words from the original sentence,\n whose lengths are prime numbers,\n the order of the words in the new string should be the same as the original one.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: sentence = \"This is a test\"\n Output: \"is\"\n\n Example 2:\n Input: sentence = \"lets go for swimming\"\n Output: \"go for\"\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= len(sentence) <= 100\n * sentence contains only letters\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 144\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef simplify(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to implement a function that will simplify the expression\n x * n. The function returns True if x * n evaluates to a whole number and False\n otherwise. Both x and n, are string representation of a fraction, and have the following format,\n <numerator>/<denominator> where both numerator and denominator are positive whole numbers.\n\n You can assume that x, and n are valid fractions, and do not have zero as denominator.\n\n simplify(\"1/5\", \"5/1\") = True\n simplify(\"1/6\", \"2/1\") = False\n simplify(\"7/10\", \"10/2\") = False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 145\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef order_by_points(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function which sorts the given list of integers\n in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.\n Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,\n order them based on their index in original list.\n\n For example:\n >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]\n >>> order_by_points([]) == []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 146\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef specialFilter(nums):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns \n the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both \n first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).\n For example:\n specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 \n specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 147\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_max_triples(n):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a positive integer n. You have to create an integer array a of length n.\n For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ n), the value of a[i] = i * i - i + 1.\n Return the number of triples (a[i], a[j], a[k]) of a where i < j < k, \n and a[i] + a[j] + a[k] is a multiple of 3.\n\n Example :\n Input: n = 5\n Output: 1\n Explanation: \n a = [1, 3, 7, 13, 21]\n The only valid triple is (1, 7, 13).\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 148\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef bf(planet1, planet2):\n '''\n There are eight planets in our solar system: the closerst to the Sun \n is Mercury, the next one is Venus, then Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, \n Uranus, Neptune.\n Write a function that takes two planet names as strings planet1 and planet2. \n The function should return a tuple containing all planets whose orbits are \n located between the orbit of planet1 and the orbit of planet2, sorted by \n the proximity to the sun. \n The function should return an empty tuple if planet1 or planet2\n are not correct planet names. \n Examples\n bf(\"Jupiter\", \"Neptune\") ==> (\"Saturn\", \"Uranus\")\n bf(\"Earth\", \"Mercury\") ==> (\"Venus\")\n bf(\"Mercury\", \"Uranus\") ==> (\"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\", \"Jupiter\", \"Saturn\")\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 149\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sorted_list_sum(lst):\n \"\"\"Write a function that accepts a list of strings as a parameter,\n deletes the strings that have odd lengths from it,\n and returns the resulted list with a sorted order,\n The list is always a list of strings and never an array of numbers,\n and it may contain duplicates.\n The order of the list should be ascending by length of each word, and you\n should return the list sorted by that rule.\n If two words have the same length, sort the list alphabetically.\n The function should return a list of strings in sorted order.\n You may assume that all words will have the same length.\n For example:\n assert list_sort([\"aa\", \"a\", \"aaa\"]) => [\"aa\"]\n assert list_sort([\"ab\", \"a\", \"aaa\", \"cd\"]) => [\"ab\", \"cd\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 150\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef x_or_y(n, x, y):\n \"\"\"A simple program which should return the value of x if n is \n a prime number and should return the value of y otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n for x_or_y(7, 34, 12) == 34\n for x_or_y(15, 8, 5) == 5\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 151\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef double_the_difference(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers\n in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.\n \n double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10\n double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0\n double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81\n double_the_difference([0]) == 0 \n \n If the input list is empty, return 0.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 152\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare(game,guess):\n \"\"\"I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited\n event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are\n definitely worth noting down and comparing.\n Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.\n You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match. \n Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,\n the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.\n \n \n example:\n\n compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]\n compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 153\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):\n \"\"\"You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.\n The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The\n strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase\n letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters \n in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM. \n You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this \n format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.\n If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should\n choose the one that comes first in the list.\n For example, if you are given \"Slices\" as the class and a list of the\n extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should\n return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension \n (its strength is -1).\n Example:\n for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 154\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef cycpattern_check(a , b):\n \"\"\"You are given 2 words. You need to return True if the second word or any of its rotations is a substring in the first word\n cycpattern_check(\"abcd\",\"abd\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"hello\",\"ell\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"whassup\",\"psus\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"abab\",\"baa\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"efef\",\"eeff\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"himenss\",\"simen\") => True\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 155\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_count(num):\n \"\"\"Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.\n\n Example:\n even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)\n even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 156\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef int_to_mini_roman(number):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer, obtain its roman numeral equivalent as a string,\n and return it in lowercase.\n Restrictions: 1 <= num <= 1000\n\n Examples:\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(19) == 'xix'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(152) == 'clii'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(426) == 'cdxxvi'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Signature Index 000\n# Signature: def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n# Summary: Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 001\n# Signature: def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 002\n# Signature: def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n# Summary: Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 003\n# Signature: def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n# Summary: You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 004\n# Signature: def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n# Summary: For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 005\n# Signature: def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 006\n# Signature: def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 007\n# Signature: def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 008\n# Signature: def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n# Summary: For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 009\n# Signature: def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 010\n# Signature: def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n# Summary: Test if given string is a palindrome\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 011\n# Signature: def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 012\n# Signature: def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n# Summary: Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n# Imports: from typing import List, Optional\n\n### Signature Index 013\n# Signature: def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n# Summary: Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 014\n# Signature: def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 015\n# Signature: def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n# Summary: Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 016\n# Signature: def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 017\n# Signature: def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 018\n# Signature: def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 019\n# Signature: def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 020\n# Signature: def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n# Summary: From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 021\n# Signature: def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n# Summary: Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 022\n# Signature: def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n# Imports: from typing import List, Any\n\n### Signature Index 023\n# Signature: def strlen(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Return length of given string\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 024\n# Signature: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n# Summary: For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 025\n# Signature: def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 026\n# Signature: def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 027\n# Signature: def flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n# Summary: For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 028\n# Signature: def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n# Summary: Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 029\n# Signature: def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 030\n# Signature: def get_positive(l: list):\n# Summary: Return only positive numbers in the list.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 031\n# Signature: def is_prime(n):\n# Summary: Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 032\n# Signature: def poly(xs: list, x: float):\n# Summary: Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n# Imports: import math\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n### Local Workspace Digest\n# Request type: hot\n# Benchmark request serial: 00194\n# Source prompt row: 030\n# Source cycle: 001\n# Active signature: def get_positive(l: list):\n# Prompt summary: Return only positive numbers in the list.\n# Imports in active task: no extra imports\n# Example: get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n# Example: get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n# pad: deterministic code path.\n# pad: docstring-compatible behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n### Active Task\nOnly the task below should be solved. Archived context above is reference-only.\n\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n"},"output_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":1000,"string":"1,000"},"cache_group":{"kind":"string","value":"hot"},"prompt_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":29997,"string":"29,997"},"shared_prefix_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":25468,"string":"25,468"},"request_serial":{"kind":"number","value":194,"string":"194"},"source_row":{"kind":"number","value":30,"string":"30"},"source_cycle":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"}}},{"rowIdx":195,"cells":{"prompt":{"kind":"string","value":"### Shared Repository Context\nThe following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.\nIt is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python\nfunction completion request instead of synthetic random text.\n\nImportant behavior rules:\n1. Treat the archived task specs below as background context only.\n2. Solve only the final active task that appears near the end of the prompt.\n3. Keep the style compatible with concise Python function-completion workloads.\n4. Reuse the archived material only as reference context; do not answer those archived tasks.\n5. Maintain deterministic coding style, straightforward helper usage, and compatible docstring behavior.\n\n### Engineering Policy Cards\n- Prefer pure Python unless the task clearly requires external libraries.\n- Preserve function signatures exactly and keep helper functions local when useful.\n- Use readable loops and conditionals over clever one-liners when correctness is easier to audit.\n- Match documented examples and edge cases before micro-optimizing.\n- Favor total correctness over partial heuristic behavior.\n- When a task is arithmetic or parsing heavy, write simple invariants directly in code.\n- When a task is list or string oriented, keep state transitions obvious and test-friendly.\n- Avoid surprising side effects and global state.\n- Make code stable under empty inputs, singleton inputs, and boundary values when applicable.\n\n### Archived Humaneval-Style Specifications\nThe archive below keeps the prompt distribution aligned with Python function-completion tasks.\nOnly the final active task should be completed.\n\n### Reference Card: Python Completion Habits\n- Preserve imports that appear relevant to the target signature.\n- Use helpers only when they reduce branching complexity or repeated logic.\n- Prefer direct implementations that align with doctest examples.\n- Keep mutations local and obvious.\n- If a task implies sorting, grouping, scanning, counting, or stack-like behavior, make that explicit.\n- If a task implies number theory or geometry, encode the formula directly and keep units consistent.\n\n### Reference Card: Verification Checklist\n- Check empty sequences, repeated values, and off-by-one boundaries.\n- Respect whether the task asks for a value, a boolean, a string transform, or a list transform.\n- Follow the semantics implied by the prompt text rather than inventing a different API.\n- Keep returned types stable across all branches.\n- Prefer deterministic iteration order unless randomness is explicitly requested.\n\n### Reference Card: Code Review Heuristics\n- Small helper functions are fine when they remove duplicated logic.\n- Prefer linear-time scans when they are natural for the task.\n- Avoid hidden quadratic behavior unless the input sizes are clearly tiny.\n- Keep naming close to the task statement so the generated code stays legible.\n- When a prompt includes examples, treat them as part of the contract.\n\n### Archived Spec 000\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n given threshold.\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], 0.5)\n False\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0], 0.3)\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 001\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.\n Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other\n Ignore any spaces in the input string.\n >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')\n ['()', '(())', '(()())']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 002\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n \"\"\" Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals\n (leftover part always smaller than 1).\n\n Return the decimal part of the number.\n >>> truncate_number(3.5)\n 0.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 003\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n \"\"\" You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and\n at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False.\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, 3])\n False\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, -4, 5])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 004\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n \"\"\" For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n around the mean of this dataset.\n Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each\n element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):\n MAD = average | x - x_mean |\n >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 005\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n >>> intersperse([], 4)\n []\n >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)\n [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 006\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.\n E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.\n\n >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')\n [2, 3, 1, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 007\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 008\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n \"\"\" For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.\n >>> sum_product([])\n (0, 1)\n >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])\n (10, 24)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 009\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n in the sequence.\n >>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])\n [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 010\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Test if given string is a palindrome \"\"\"\n return string == string[::-1]\n\n\ndef make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.\n Algorithm idea is simple:\n - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.\n - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.\n >>> make_palindrome('')\n ''\n >>> make_palindrome('cat')\n 'catac'\n >>> make_palindrome('cata')\n 'catac'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 011\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.\n >>> string_xor('010', '110')\n '100'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 012\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Optional\n\n\ndef longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n \"\"\" Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.\n >>> longest([])\n\n >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'a'\n >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])\n 'ccc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 013\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(3, 5)\n 1\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(25, 15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 014\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n >>> all_prefixes('abc')\n ['a', 'ab', 'abc']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 015\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n \"\"\" Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n >>> string_sequence(0)\n '0'\n >>> string_sequence(5)\n '0 1 2 3 4 5'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 016\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')\n 3\n >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')\n 4\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 017\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each\n not last.\n\n Here is a legend:\n 'o' - whole note, lasts four beats\n 'o|' - half note, lasts two beats\n '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat\n\n >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')\n [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 018\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n >>> how_many_times('', 'a')\n 0\n >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')\n 3\n >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 019\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.\n Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest\n >>> sort_numbers('three one five')\n 'one three five'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 020\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n \"\"\" From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.2])\n (2.0, 2.2)\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0])\n (2.0, 2.0)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 021\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n \"\"\" Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1\n >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])\n [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 022\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Any\n\n\ndef filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])\n [5]\n >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])\n [1, 2, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 023\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strlen(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return length of given string\n >>> strlen('')\n 0\n >>> strlen('abc')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 024\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n >>> largest_divisor(15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 025\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.\n Input number should be equal to the product of all factors\n >>> factorize(8)\n [2, 2, 2]\n >>> factorize(25)\n [5, 5]\n >>> factorize(70)\n [2, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 026\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 068\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pluck(arr):\n \"\"\"\n \"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes\n your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.\n The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.\n If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.\n\n The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],\n If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].\n\n Example 1:\n Input: [4,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.\n\n Example 2:\n Input: [1,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index. \n\n Example 3:\n Input: []\n Output: []\n \n Example 4:\n Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]\n Output: [0, 1]\n Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,\n so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000\n * 0 <= node.value\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 069\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef search(lst):\n '''\n You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than \n zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself. \n The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.\n If no such a value exist, return -1.\n Examples:\n search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2\n search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3\n search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 070\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strange_sort_list(lst):\n '''\n Given list of integers, return list in strange order.\n Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,\n then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.\n\n Examples:\n strange_sort_list([1, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 4, 2, 3]\n strange_sort_list([5, 5, 5, 5]) == [5, 5, 5, 5]\n strange_sort_list([]) == []\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 071\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, b, c):\n '''\n Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of\n the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle. \n Otherwise return -1\n Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater \n than the third side.\n Example:\n triangle_area(3, 4, 5) == 6.00\n triangle_area(1, 2, 10) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 072\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef will_it_fly(q,w):\n '''\n Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.\n The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.\n\n Example:\n will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) ➞ False \n # 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) ➞ False\n # it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) ➞ True\n # 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3], 5) ➞ True\n # 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 073\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef smallest_change(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that\n need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that\n is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.\n\n For example:\n smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 074\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef total_match(lst1, lst2):\n '''\n Write a function that accepts two lists of strings and returns the list that has \n total number of chars in the all strings of the list less than the other list.\n\n if the two lists have the same number of chars, return the first list.\n\n Examples\n total_match([], []) ➞ []\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'Hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'Hi']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hi', 'hi', 'admin', 'project']) ➞ ['hi', 'admin']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']\n total_match(['4'], ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']) ➞ ['4']\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 075\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_multiply_prime(a):\n \"\"\"Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers\n and false otherwise.\n Knowing that (a) is less then 100. \n Example:\n is_multiply_prime(30) == True\n 30 = 2 * 3 * 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 076\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_simple_power(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple\n power of n and false in other cases.\n x is a simple power of n if n**int=x\n For example:\n is_simple_power(1, 4) => true\n is_simple_power(2, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(8, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(3, 2) => false\n is_simple_power(3, 1) => false\n is_simple_power(5, 3) => false\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 077\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef iscube(a):\n '''\n Write a function that takes an integer a and returns True \n if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.\n Note: you may assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n iscube(1) ==> True\n iscube(2) ==> False\n iscube(-1) ==> True\n iscube(64) ==> True\n iscube(0) ==> True\n iscube(180) ==> False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 078\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef hex_key(num):\n \"\"\"You have been tasked to write a function that receives \n a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal \n digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number \n greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).\n Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.\n Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...\n So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, \n B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).\n Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, \n and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.\n Examples:\n For num = \"AB\" the output should be 1.\n For num = \"1077E\" the output should be 2.\n For num = \"ABED1A33\" the output should be 4.\n For num = \"123456789ABCDEF0\" the output should be 6.\n For num = \"2020\" the output should be 2.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 079\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef decimal_to_binary(decimal):\n \"\"\"You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to\n binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary\n number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.\n\n There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.\n The extra characters are there to help with the format.\n\n Examples:\n decimal_to_binary(15) # returns \"db1111db\"\n decimal_to_binary(32) # returns \"db100000db\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 080\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_happy(s):\n \"\"\"You are given a string s.\n Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.\n A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct\n For example:\n is_happy(a) => False\n is_happy(aa) => False\n is_happy(abcd) => True\n is_happy(aabb) => False\n is_happy(adb) => True\n is_happy(xyy) => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 081\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef numerical_letter_grade(grades):\n \"\"\"It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades\n to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.\n The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.\n She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write \n a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:\n GPA | Letter grade\n 4.0 A+\n > 3.7 A \n > 3.3 A- \n > 3.0 B+\n > 2.7 B \n > 2.3 B-\n > 2.0 C+\n > 1.7 C\n > 1.3 C-\n > 1.0 D+ \n > 0.7 D \n > 0.0 D-\n 0.0 E\n \n\n Example:\n grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 082\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_length(string):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string\n length is a prime number or False otherwise\n Examples\n prime_length('Hello') == True\n prime_length('abcdcba') == True\n prime_length('kittens') == True\n prime_length('orange') == False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 083\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef starts_one_ends(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit\n positive integers that start or end with 1.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 084\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solve(N):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.\n \n Example\n For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be \"1\".\n For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be \"110\".\n For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be \"1100\".\n \n Variables:\n @N integer\n Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.\n Output:\n a string of binary number\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 085\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..\n\n\n Examples:\n add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2 \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 086\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef anti_shuffle(s):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.\n Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)\n are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in\n ascending order based on ascii value.\n Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.\n\n For example:\n anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'\n anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'\n anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 087\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_row(lst, x):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,\n which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,\n each row may contain a different number of columns.\n Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,\n and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that\n each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.\n Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.\n Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.\n \n Examples:\n get_row([\n [1,2,3,4,5,6],\n [1,2,3,4,1,6],\n [1,2,3,4,5,1]\n ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]\n get_row([], 1) == []\n get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 088\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(array):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,\n you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,\n or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.\n\n Note:\n * don't change the given array.\n\n Examples:\n * sort_array([]) => []\n * sort_array([5]) => [5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 089\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encrypt(s):\n \"\"\"Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and\n returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. \n The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters \n shift down by two multiplied to two places.\n For example:\n encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'\n encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'\n encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'\n encrypt('et') returns 'ix'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 090\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef next_smallest(lst):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a list of integers.\n Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list.\n Return None if there is no such element.\n \n next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2\n next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2\n next_smallest([]) == None\n next_smallest([1, 1]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 091\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_bored(S):\n \"\"\"\n You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number\n of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word \"I\".\n Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.\n \n For example:\n >>> is_bored(\"Hello world\")\n 0\n >>> is_bored(\"The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather\")\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 092\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef any_int(x, y, z):\n '''\n Create a function that takes 3 numbers.\n Returns true if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two, and all numbers are integers.\n Returns false in any other cases.\n \n Examples\n any_int(5, 2, 7) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3, 2, 2) ➞ False\n\n any_int(3, -2, 1) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3.6, -2.2, 2) ➞ False\n \n\n \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 093\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode(message):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a \n way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in \n the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that \n vowel in the english alphabet. \n Assume only letters. \n \n Examples:\n >>> encode('test')\n 'TGST'\n >>> encode('This is a message')\n 'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 094\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef skjkasdkd(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of integers.\n You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits.\n\n Examples:\n For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10\n For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25\n For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13\n For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11\n For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3\n For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 095\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_dict_case(dict):\n \"\"\"\n Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower \n case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False.\n The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty.\n Examples:\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"b\":\"banana\"}) should return True.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"A\":\"banana\", \"B\":\"banana\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", 8:\"banana\", \"a\":\"apple\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"Name\":\"John\", \"Age\":\"36\", \"City\":\"Houston\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"STATE\":\"NC\", \"ZIP\":\"12345\" }) should return True.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 096\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_up_to(n):\n \"\"\"Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n\n integers that are prime numbers and less than n.\n for example:\n count_up_to(5) => [2,3]\n count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]\n count_up_to(0) => []\n count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]\n count_up_to(1) => []\n count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 097\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef multiply(a, b):\n \"\"\"Complete the function that takes two integers and returns \n the product of their unit digits.\n Assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n multiply(148, 412) should return 16.\n multiply(19, 28) should return 72.\n multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.\n multiply(14,-15) should return 20.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 098\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_upper(s):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.\n \n For example:\n count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1\n count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0\n count_upper('dBBE') returns 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 099\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef closest_integer(value):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number\n and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant\n from two integers, round it away from zero.\n\n Examples\n >>> closest_integer(\"10\")\n 10\n >>> closest_integer(\"15.3\")\n 15\n\n Note:\n Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant\n from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the\n farthest from zero. For example closest_integer(\"14.5\") should\n return 15 and closest_integer(\"-14.5\") should return -15.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 100\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef make_a_pile(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.\n The first level has n stones.\n The number of stones in the next level is:\n - the next odd number if n is odd.\n - the next even number if n is even.\n Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index\n i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).\n\n Examples:\n >>> make_a_pile(3)\n [3, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 101\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_string(s):\n \"\"\"\n You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is\n to split the string into words and return an array of the words.\n \n For example:\n words_string(\"Hi, my name is John\") == [\"Hi\", \"my\", \"name\", \"is\", \"John\"]\n words_string(\"One, two, three, four, five, six\") == [\"One\", \"two\", \"three\", \"four\", \"five\", \"six\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 102\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef choose_num(x, y):\n \"\"\"This function takes two positive numbers x and y and returns the\n biggest even integer number that is in the range [x, y] inclusive. If \n there's no such number, then the function should return -1.\n\n For example:\n choose_num(12, 15) = 14\n choose_num(13, 12) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 103\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef rounded_avg(n, m):\n \"\"\"You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the\n average of the integers from n through m (including n and m). \n Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.\n If n is greater than m, return -1.\n Example:\n rounded_avg(1, 5) => \"0b11\"\n rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1\n rounded_avg(10, 20) => \"0b1111\"\n rounded_avg(20, 33) => \"0b11010\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 104\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique_digits(x):\n \"\"\"Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all \n elements that hasn't any even digit.\n\n Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.\n \n For example:\n >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])\n [1, 15, 33]\n >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])\n []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 105\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef by_length(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,\n reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from\n \"One\", \"Two\", \"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\", \"Six\", \"Seven\", \"Eight\", \"Nine\".\n\n For example:\n arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3] \n -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8] \n -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]\n return [\"Eight\", \"Five\", \"Four\", \"Three\", \"Two\", \"Two\", \"One\", \"One\"]\n \n If the array is empty, return an empty array:\n arr = []\n return []\n \n If the array has any strange number ignore it:\n arr = [1, -1 , 55] \n -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]\n -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]\n return = ['One']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 106\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef f(n):\n \"\"\" Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter,\n and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even\n or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise.\n i starts from 1.\n the factorial of i is the multiplication of the numbers from 1 to i (1 * 2 * ... * i).\n Example:\n f(5) == [1, 2, 6, 24, 15]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 107\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_palindrome(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd\n integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: 3\n Output: (1, 2)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: 12\n Output: (4, 6)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.\n\n Note:\n 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3\n 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 108\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_nums(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns\n the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.\n If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:\n e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.\n >>> count_nums([]) == 0\n >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1\n >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 109\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef move_one_ball(arr):\n \"\"\"We have an array 'arr' of N integers arr[1], arr[2], ..., arr[N].The\n numbers in the array will be randomly ordered. Your task is to determine if\n it is possible to get an array sorted in non-decreasing order by performing \n the following operation on the given array:\n You are allowed to perform right shift operation any number of times.\n \n One right shift operation means shifting all elements of the array by one\n position in the right direction. The last element of the array will be moved to\n the starting position in the array i.e. 0th index. \n\n If it is possible to obtain the sorted array by performing the above operation\n then return True else return False.\n If the given array is empty then return True.\n\n Note: The given list is guaranteed to have unique elements.\n\n For Example:\n \n move_one_ball([3, 4, 5, 1, 2])==>True\n Explanation: By performin 2 right shift operations, non-decreasing order can\n be achieved for the given array.\n move_one_ball([3, 5, 4, 1, 2])==>False\n Explanation:It is not possible to get non-decreasing order for the given\n array by performing any number of right shift operations.\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 110\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef exchange(lst1, lst2):\n \"\"\"In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,\n and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements\n between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.\n There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.\n If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make\n all the elements of lst1 to be even, return \"YES\".\n Otherwise, return \"NO\".\n For example:\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => \"YES\"\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => \"NO\"\n It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 111\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef histogram(test):\n \"\"\"Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary\n of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.\n If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.\n \n Example:\n histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}\n histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}\n histogram('') == {}\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 112\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef reverse_delete(s,c):\n \"\"\"Task\n We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c\n then check if the result string is palindrome.\n A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.\n You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.\n Example\n For s = \"abcde\", c = \"ae\", the result should be ('bcd',False)\n For s = \"abcdef\", c = \"b\" the result should be ('acdef',False)\n For s = \"abcdedcba\", c = \"ab\", the result should be ('cdedc',True)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 113\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef odd_count(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.\n Each element i of the output should be \"the number of odd elements in the\n string i of the input.\" where all the i's should be replaced by the number\n of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.\n\n >>> odd_count(['1234567'])\n [\"the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput.\"]\n >>> odd_count(['3',\"11111111\"])\n [\"the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.\",\n \"the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput.\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 114\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minSubArraySum(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array\n of nums.\n Example\n minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1\n minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 115\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_fill(grid, capacity):\n import math\n \"\"\"\n You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,\n and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.\n Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, \n and all buckets have the same capacity.\n Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.\n Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 1\n Output: 6\n\n Example 2:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 2\n Output: 5\n \n Example 3:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]\n bucket_capacity : 5\n Output: 0\n\n Constraints:\n * all wells have the same length\n * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2\n * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2\n * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1\n * 1 <= capacity <= 10\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 116\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(arr):\n \"\"\"\n In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to\n number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.\n For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.\n\n It must be implemented like this:\n >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]\n >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 117\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef select_words(s, n):\n \"\"\"Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement \n a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly \n n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.\n If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.\n Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.\n Examples:\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 4) ==> [\"little\"]\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 3) ==> [\"Mary\", \"lamb\"]\n select_words(\"simple white space\", 2) ==> []\n select_words(\"Hello world\", 4) ==> [\"world\"]\n select_words(\"Uncle sam\", 3) ==> [\"Uncle\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 118\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_closest_vowel(word):\n \"\"\"You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between \n two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).\n \n Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't\n find any vowel met the above condition. \n\n You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.\n\n Example:\n get_closest_vowel(\"yogurt\") ==> \"u\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"FULL\") ==> \"U\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"quick\") ==> \"\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"ab\") ==> \"\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 119\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef match_parens(lst):\n '''\n You are given a list of two strings, both strings consist of open\n parentheses '(' or close parentheses ')' only.\n Your job is to check if it is possible to concatenate the two strings in\n some order, that the resulting string will be good.\n A string S is considered to be good if and only if all parentheses in S\n are balanced. For example: the string '(())()' is good, while the string\n '())' is not.\n Return 'Yes' if there's a way to make a good string, and return 'No' otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n match_parens(['()(', ')']) == 'Yes'\n match_parens([')', ')']) == 'No'\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 120\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef maximum(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list \n of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3\n Output: [-4, -3, 5]\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2\n Output: [4, 4]\n\n Example 3:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1\n Output: [2]\n\n Note:\n 1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].\n 2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].\n 3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 121\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solution(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.\n \n\n Examples\n solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12\n solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9\n solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 122\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add_elements(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return\n the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.\n\n Example:\n\n Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4\n Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3\n\n Constraints:\n 1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100\n 2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 123\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_odd_collatz(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.\n\n The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined\n as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the \n previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of \n the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous\n term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.\n\n Note: \n 1. Collatz(1) is [1].\n 2. returned list sorted in increasing order.\n\n For example:\n get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 124\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef valid_date(date):\n \"\"\"You have to write a function which validates a given date string and\n returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.\n The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:\n 1. The date string is not empty.\n 2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.\n 3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.\n 4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy\n\n for example: \n valid_date('03-11-2000') => True\n\n valid_date('15-01-2012') => False\n\n valid_date('04-0-2040') => False\n\n valid_date('06-04-2020') => True\n\n valid_date('06/04/2020') => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 125\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef split_words(txt):\n '''\n Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you\n should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the\n alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25\n Examples\n split_words(\"Hello world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"Hello,world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"abcdef\") == 3 \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 126\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_sorted(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted\n in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same\n number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.\n\n Examples\n is_sorted([5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 127\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef intersection(interval1, interval2):\n \"\"\"You are given two intervals,\n where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).\n The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)\n includes both start and end.\n For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.\n Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two \n intervals is a prime number.\n Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)\n which its length is 1, which not a prime number.\n If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return \"YES\",\n otherwise, return \"NO\".\n If the two intervals don't intersect, return \"NO\".\n\n\n [input/output] samples:\n intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> \"YES\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 128\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prod_signs(arr):\n \"\"\"\n You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return\n sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs\n of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.\n Note: return None for empty arr.\n\n Example:\n >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9\n >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0\n >>> prod_signs([]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 129\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minPath(grid, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, \n each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]\n inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.\n\n You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start\n from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,\n in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current\n cell.\n Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not\n necessarily distinct).\n You CANNOT go off the grid.\n A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if\n after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go\n through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less\n than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)\n such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have\n lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].\n It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.\n Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.\n\n Examples:\n\n Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3\n Output: [1, 2, 1]\n\n Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1\n Output: [1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 130\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef tri(n):\n \"\"\"Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in \n the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.\n Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:\n tri(1) = 3\n tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.\n tri(n) = tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.\n For example:\n tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2\n tri(4) = 3\n tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)\n = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 \n You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the \n first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.\n Examples:\n tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 131\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digits(n):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.\n Return 0 if all digits are even.\n For example:\n digits(1) == 1\n digits(4) == 0\n digits(235) == 15\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 132\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_nested(string):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.\n The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets \n where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.\n\n is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[][]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 133\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of numbers.\n You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,\n round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.\n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14\n For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98\n For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84\n For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29\n For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6\n \n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 134\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):\n '''\n Create a function that returns True if the last character\n of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not\n a part of a word, and False otherwise.\n Note: \"word\" is a group of characters separated by space.\n\n Examples:\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pie\") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e\") ➞ True\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e \") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"\") ➞ False \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 135\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef can_arrange(arr):\n \"\"\"Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which\n is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If\n no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain\n duplicate values.\n\n Examples:\n can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3\n can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 136\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_smallest_integers(lst):\n '''\n Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is\n the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest\n of positive integers in a list.\n If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.\n\n Examples:\n largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)\n largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)\n largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 137\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare_one(a, b):\n \"\"\"\n Create a function that takes integers, floats, or strings representing\n real numbers, and returns the larger variable in its given variable type.\n Return None if the values are equal.\n Note: If a real number is represented as a string, the floating point might be . or ,\n\n compare_one(1, 2.5) ➞ 2.5\n compare_one(1, \"2,3\") ➞ \"2,3\"\n compare_one(\"5,1\", \"6\") ➞ \"6\"\n compare_one(\"1\", 1) ➞ None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 138\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_equal_to_sum_even(n):\n \"\"\"Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers\n Example\n is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 139\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef special_factorial(n):\n \"\"\"The Brazilian factorial is defined as:\n brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!\n where n > 0\n\n For example:\n >>> special_factorial(4)\n 288\n\n The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special\n factorial of this integer.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 140\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fix_spaces(text):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, \n and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, \n then replace all consecutive spaces with - \n \n fix_spaces(\"Example\") == \"Example\"\n fix_spaces(\"Example 1\") == \"Example_1\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 2\") == \"_Example_2\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 3\") == \"_Example-3\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 141\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef file_name_check(file_name):\n \"\"\"Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns\n 'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.\n A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions \n are met:\n - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.\n - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'\n - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from \n the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').\n - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']\n Examples:\n file_name_check(\"example.txt\") # => 'Yes'\n file_name_check(\"1example.dll\") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 142\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"\"\n This function will take a list of integers. For all entries in the list, the function shall square the integer entry if its index is a \n multiple of 3 and will cube the integer entry if its index is a multiple of 4 and not a multiple of 3. The function will not \n change the entries in the list whose indexes are not a multiple of 3 or 4. The function shall then return the sum of all entries. \n \n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 6\n For lst = [] the output should be 0\n For lst = [-1,-5,2,-1,-5] the output should be -126\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 143\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_in_sentence(sentence):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a string representing a sentence,\n the sentence contains some words separated by a space,\n and you have to return a string that contains the words from the original sentence,\n whose lengths are prime numbers,\n the order of the words in the new string should be the same as the original one.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: sentence = \"This is a test\"\n Output: \"is\"\n\n Example 2:\n Input: sentence = \"lets go for swimming\"\n Output: \"go for\"\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= len(sentence) <= 100\n * sentence contains only letters\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 144\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef simplify(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to implement a function that will simplify the expression\n x * n. The function returns True if x * n evaluates to a whole number and False\n otherwise. Both x and n, are string representation of a fraction, and have the following format,\n <numerator>/<denominator> where both numerator and denominator are positive whole numbers.\n\n You can assume that x, and n are valid fractions, and do not have zero as denominator.\n\n simplify(\"1/5\", \"5/1\") = True\n simplify(\"1/6\", \"2/1\") = False\n simplify(\"7/10\", \"10/2\") = False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 145\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef order_by_points(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function which sorts the given list of integers\n in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.\n Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,\n order them based on their index in original list.\n\n For example:\n >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]\n >>> order_by_points([]) == []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 146\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef specialFilter(nums):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns \n the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both \n first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).\n For example:\n specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 \n specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 147\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_max_triples(n):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a positive integer n. You have to create an integer array a of length n.\n For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ n), the value of a[i] = i * i - i + 1.\n Return the number of triples (a[i], a[j], a[k]) of a where i < j < k, \n and a[i] + a[j] + a[k] is a multiple of 3.\n\n Example :\n Input: n = 5\n Output: 1\n Explanation: \n a = [1, 3, 7, 13, 21]\n The only valid triple is (1, 7, 13).\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 148\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef bf(planet1, planet2):\n '''\n There are eight planets in our solar system: the closerst to the Sun \n is Mercury, the next one is Venus, then Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, \n Uranus, Neptune.\n Write a function that takes two planet names as strings planet1 and planet2. \n The function should return a tuple containing all planets whose orbits are \n located between the orbit of planet1 and the orbit of planet2, sorted by \n the proximity to the sun. \n The function should return an empty tuple if planet1 or planet2\n are not correct planet names. \n Examples\n bf(\"Jupiter\", \"Neptune\") ==> (\"Saturn\", \"Uranus\")\n bf(\"Earth\", \"Mercury\") ==> (\"Venus\")\n bf(\"Mercury\", \"Uranus\") ==> (\"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\", \"Jupiter\", \"Saturn\")\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 149\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sorted_list_sum(lst):\n \"\"\"Write a function that accepts a list of strings as a parameter,\n deletes the strings that have odd lengths from it,\n and returns the resulted list with a sorted order,\n The list is always a list of strings and never an array of numbers,\n and it may contain duplicates.\n The order of the list should be ascending by length of each word, and you\n should return the list sorted by that rule.\n If two words have the same length, sort the list alphabetically.\n The function should return a list of strings in sorted order.\n You may assume that all words will have the same length.\n For example:\n assert list_sort([\"aa\", \"a\", \"aaa\"]) => [\"aa\"]\n assert list_sort([\"ab\", \"a\", \"aaa\", \"cd\"]) => [\"ab\", \"cd\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 150\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef x_or_y(n, x, y):\n \"\"\"A simple program which should return the value of x if n is \n a prime number and should return the value of y otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n for x_or_y(7, 34, 12) == 34\n for x_or_y(15, 8, 5) == 5\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 151\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef double_the_difference(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers\n in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.\n \n double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10\n double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0\n double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81\n double_the_difference([0]) == 0 \n \n If the input list is empty, return 0.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 152\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare(game,guess):\n \"\"\"I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited\n event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are\n definitely worth noting down and comparing.\n Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.\n You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match. \n Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,\n the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.\n \n \n example:\n\n compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]\n compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 153\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):\n \"\"\"You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.\n The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The\n strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase\n letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters \n in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM. \n You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this \n format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.\n If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should\n choose the one that comes first in the list.\n For example, if you are given \"Slices\" as the class and a list of the\n extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should\n return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension \n (its strength is -1).\n Example:\n for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 154\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef cycpattern_check(a , b):\n \"\"\"You are given 2 words. You need to return True if the second word or any of its rotations is a substring in the first word\n cycpattern_check(\"abcd\",\"abd\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"hello\",\"ell\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"whassup\",\"psus\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"abab\",\"baa\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"efef\",\"eeff\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"himenss\",\"simen\") => True\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 155\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_count(num):\n \"\"\"Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.\n\n Example:\n even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)\n even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 156\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef int_to_mini_roman(number):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer, obtain its roman numeral equivalent as a string,\n and return it in lowercase.\n Restrictions: 1 <= num <= 1000\n\n Examples:\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(19) == 'xix'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(152) == 'clii'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(426) == 'cdxxvi'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Signature Index 000\n# Signature: def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n# Summary: Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 001\n# Signature: def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 002\n# Signature: def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n# Summary: Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 003\n# Signature: def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n# Summary: You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 004\n# Signature: def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n# Summary: For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 005\n# Signature: def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 006\n# Signature: def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 007\n# Signature: def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 008\n# Signature: def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n# Summary: For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 009\n# Signature: def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 010\n# Signature: def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n# Summary: Test if given string is a palindrome\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 011\n# Signature: def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 012\n# Signature: def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n# Summary: Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n# Imports: from typing import List, Optional\n\n### Signature Index 013\n# Signature: def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n# Summary: Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 014\n# Signature: def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 015\n# Signature: def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n# Summary: Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 016\n# Signature: def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 017\n# Signature: def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 018\n# Signature: def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 019\n# Signature: def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 020\n# Signature: def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n# Summary: From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 021\n# Signature: def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n# Summary: Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 022\n# Signature: def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n# Imports: from typing import List, Any\n\n### Signature Index 023\n# Signature: def strlen(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Return length of given string\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 024\n# Signature: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n# Summary: For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 025\n# Signature: def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 026\n# Signature: def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 027\n# Signature: def flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n# Summary: For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 028\n# Signature: def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n# Summary: Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 029\n# Signature: def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 030\n# Signature: def get_positive(l: list):\n# Summary: Return only positive numbers in the list.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 031\n# Signature: def is_prime(n):\n# Summary: Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 032\n# Signature: def poly(xs: list, x: float):\n# Summary: Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n# Imports: import math\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n### Local Workspace Digest\n# Request type: hot\n# Benchmark request serial: 00195\n# Source prompt row: 031\n# Source cycle: 001\n# Active signature: def is_prime(n):\n# Prompt summary: Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n# Imports in active task: no extra imports\n# Example: is_prime(6)\n# Example: is_prime(101)\n# Example: is_prime(11)\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n# pad: deterministic code path.\n# pad: docstring-compatible behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n### Active Task\nOnly the task below should be solved. Archived context above is reference-only.\n\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n"},"output_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":1000,"string":"1,000"},"cache_group":{"kind":"string","value":"hot"},"prompt_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":29994,"string":"29,994"},"shared_prefix_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":25468,"string":"25,468"},"request_serial":{"kind":"number","value":195,"string":"195"},"source_row":{"kind":"number","value":31,"string":"31"},"source_cycle":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"}}},{"rowIdx":196,"cells":{"prompt":{"kind":"string","value":"### Shared Repository Context\nThe following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.\nIt is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python\nfunction completion request instead of synthetic random text.\n\nImportant behavior rules:\n1. Treat the archived task specs below as background context only.\n2. Solve only the final active task that appears near the end of the prompt.\n3. Keep the style compatible with concise Python function-completion workloads.\n4. Reuse the archived material only as reference context; do not answer those archived tasks.\n5. Maintain deterministic coding style, straightforward helper usage, and compatible docstring behavior.\n\n### Engineering Policy Cards\n- Prefer pure Python unless the task clearly requires external libraries.\n- Preserve function signatures exactly and keep helper functions local when useful.\n- Use readable loops and conditionals over clever one-liners when correctness is easier to audit.\n- Match documented examples and edge cases before micro-optimizing.\n- Favor total correctness over partial heuristic behavior.\n- When a task is arithmetic or parsing heavy, write simple invariants directly in code.\n- When a task is list or string oriented, keep state transitions obvious and test-friendly.\n- Avoid surprising side effects and global state.\n- Make code stable under empty inputs, singleton inputs, and boundary values when applicable.\n\n### Archived Humaneval-Style Specifications\nThe archive below keeps the prompt distribution aligned with Python function-completion tasks.\nOnly the final active task should be completed.\n\n### Reference Card: Python Completion Habits\n- Preserve imports that appear relevant to the target signature.\n- Use helpers only when they reduce branching complexity or repeated logic.\n- Prefer direct implementations that align with doctest examples.\n- Keep mutations local and obvious.\n- If a task implies sorting, grouping, scanning, counting, or stack-like behavior, make that explicit.\n- If a task implies number theory or geometry, encode the formula directly and keep units consistent.\n\n### Reference Card: Verification Checklist\n- Check empty sequences, repeated values, and off-by-one boundaries.\n- Respect whether the task asks for a value, a boolean, a string transform, or a list transform.\n- Follow the semantics implied by the prompt text rather than inventing a different API.\n- Keep returned types stable across all branches.\n- Prefer deterministic iteration order unless randomness is explicitly requested.\n\n### Reference Card: Code Review Heuristics\n- Small helper functions are fine when they remove duplicated logic.\n- Prefer linear-time scans when they are natural for the task.\n- Avoid hidden quadratic behavior unless the input sizes are clearly tiny.\n- Keep naming close to the task statement so the generated code stays legible.\n- When a prompt includes examples, treat them as part of the contract.\n\n### Archived Spec 000\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n given threshold.\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], 0.5)\n False\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0], 0.3)\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 001\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.\n Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other\n Ignore any spaces in the input string.\n >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')\n ['()', '(())', '(()())']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 002\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n \"\"\" Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals\n (leftover part always smaller than 1).\n\n Return the decimal part of the number.\n >>> truncate_number(3.5)\n 0.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 003\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n \"\"\" You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and\n at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False.\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, 3])\n False\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, -4, 5])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 004\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n \"\"\" For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n around the mean of this dataset.\n Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each\n element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):\n MAD = average | x - x_mean |\n >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 005\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n >>> intersperse([], 4)\n []\n >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)\n [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 006\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.\n E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.\n\n >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')\n [2, 3, 1, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 007\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 008\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n \"\"\" For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.\n >>> sum_product([])\n (0, 1)\n >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])\n (10, 24)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 009\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n in the sequence.\n >>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])\n [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 010\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Test if given string is a palindrome \"\"\"\n return string == string[::-1]\n\n\ndef make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.\n Algorithm idea is simple:\n - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.\n - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.\n >>> make_palindrome('')\n ''\n >>> make_palindrome('cat')\n 'catac'\n >>> make_palindrome('cata')\n 'catac'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 011\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.\n >>> string_xor('010', '110')\n '100'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 012\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Optional\n\n\ndef longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n \"\"\" Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.\n >>> longest([])\n\n >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'a'\n >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])\n 'ccc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 013\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(3, 5)\n 1\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(25, 15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 014\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n >>> all_prefixes('abc')\n ['a', 'ab', 'abc']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 015\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n \"\"\" Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n >>> string_sequence(0)\n '0'\n >>> string_sequence(5)\n '0 1 2 3 4 5'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 016\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')\n 3\n >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')\n 4\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 017\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each\n not last.\n\n Here is a legend:\n 'o' - whole note, lasts four beats\n 'o|' - half note, lasts two beats\n '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat\n\n >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')\n [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 018\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n >>> how_many_times('', 'a')\n 0\n >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')\n 3\n >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 019\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.\n Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest\n >>> sort_numbers('three one five')\n 'one three five'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 020\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n \"\"\" From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.2])\n (2.0, 2.2)\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0])\n (2.0, 2.0)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 021\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n \"\"\" Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1\n >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])\n [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 022\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Any\n\n\ndef filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])\n [5]\n >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])\n [1, 2, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 023\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strlen(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return length of given string\n >>> strlen('')\n 0\n >>> strlen('abc')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 024\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n >>> largest_divisor(15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 025\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.\n Input number should be equal to the product of all factors\n >>> factorize(8)\n [2, 2, 2]\n >>> factorize(25)\n [5, 5]\n >>> factorize(70)\n [2, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 026\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 068\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pluck(arr):\n \"\"\"\n \"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes\n your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.\n The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.\n If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.\n\n The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],\n If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].\n\n Example 1:\n Input: [4,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.\n\n Example 2:\n Input: [1,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index. \n\n Example 3:\n Input: []\n Output: []\n \n Example 4:\n Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]\n Output: [0, 1]\n Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,\n so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000\n * 0 <= node.value\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 069\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef search(lst):\n '''\n You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than \n zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself. \n The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.\n If no such a value exist, return -1.\n Examples:\n search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2\n search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3\n search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 070\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strange_sort_list(lst):\n '''\n Given list of integers, return list in strange order.\n Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,\n then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.\n\n Examples:\n strange_sort_list([1, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 4, 2, 3]\n strange_sort_list([5, 5, 5, 5]) == [5, 5, 5, 5]\n strange_sort_list([]) == []\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 071\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, b, c):\n '''\n Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of\n the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle. \n Otherwise return -1\n Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater \n than the third side.\n Example:\n triangle_area(3, 4, 5) == 6.00\n triangle_area(1, 2, 10) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 072\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef will_it_fly(q,w):\n '''\n Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.\n The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.\n\n Example:\n will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) ➞ False \n # 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) ➞ False\n # it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) ➞ True\n # 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3], 5) ➞ True\n # 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 073\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef smallest_change(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that\n need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that\n is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.\n\n For example:\n smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 074\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef total_match(lst1, lst2):\n '''\n Write a function that accepts two lists of strings and returns the list that has \n total number of chars in the all strings of the list less than the other list.\n\n if the two lists have the same number of chars, return the first list.\n\n Examples\n total_match([], []) ➞ []\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'Hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'Hi']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hi', 'hi', 'admin', 'project']) ➞ ['hi', 'admin']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']\n total_match(['4'], ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']) ➞ ['4']\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 075\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_multiply_prime(a):\n \"\"\"Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers\n and false otherwise.\n Knowing that (a) is less then 100. \n Example:\n is_multiply_prime(30) == True\n 30 = 2 * 3 * 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 076\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_simple_power(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple\n power of n and false in other cases.\n x is a simple power of n if n**int=x\n For example:\n is_simple_power(1, 4) => true\n is_simple_power(2, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(8, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(3, 2) => false\n is_simple_power(3, 1) => false\n is_simple_power(5, 3) => false\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 077\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef iscube(a):\n '''\n Write a function that takes an integer a and returns True \n if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.\n Note: you may assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n iscube(1) ==> True\n iscube(2) ==> False\n iscube(-1) ==> True\n iscube(64) ==> True\n iscube(0) ==> True\n iscube(180) ==> False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 078\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef hex_key(num):\n \"\"\"You have been tasked to write a function that receives \n a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal \n digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number \n greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).\n Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.\n Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...\n So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, \n B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).\n Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, \n and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.\n Examples:\n For num = \"AB\" the output should be 1.\n For num = \"1077E\" the output should be 2.\n For num = \"ABED1A33\" the output should be 4.\n For num = \"123456789ABCDEF0\" the output should be 6.\n For num = \"2020\" the output should be 2.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 079\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef decimal_to_binary(decimal):\n \"\"\"You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to\n binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary\n number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.\n\n There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.\n The extra characters are there to help with the format.\n\n Examples:\n decimal_to_binary(15) # returns \"db1111db\"\n decimal_to_binary(32) # returns \"db100000db\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 080\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_happy(s):\n \"\"\"You are given a string s.\n Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.\n A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct\n For example:\n is_happy(a) => False\n is_happy(aa) => False\n is_happy(abcd) => True\n is_happy(aabb) => False\n is_happy(adb) => True\n is_happy(xyy) => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 081\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef numerical_letter_grade(grades):\n \"\"\"It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades\n to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.\n The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.\n She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write \n a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:\n GPA | Letter grade\n 4.0 A+\n > 3.7 A \n > 3.3 A- \n > 3.0 B+\n > 2.7 B \n > 2.3 B-\n > 2.0 C+\n > 1.7 C\n > 1.3 C-\n > 1.0 D+ \n > 0.7 D \n > 0.0 D-\n 0.0 E\n \n\n Example:\n grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 082\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_length(string):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string\n length is a prime number or False otherwise\n Examples\n prime_length('Hello') == True\n prime_length('abcdcba') == True\n prime_length('kittens') == True\n prime_length('orange') == False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 083\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef starts_one_ends(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit\n positive integers that start or end with 1.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 084\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solve(N):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.\n \n Example\n For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be \"1\".\n For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be \"110\".\n For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be \"1100\".\n \n Variables:\n @N integer\n Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.\n Output:\n a string of binary number\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 085\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..\n\n\n Examples:\n add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2 \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 086\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef anti_shuffle(s):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.\n Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)\n are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in\n ascending order based on ascii value.\n Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.\n\n For example:\n anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'\n anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'\n anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 087\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_row(lst, x):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,\n which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,\n each row may contain a different number of columns.\n Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,\n and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that\n each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.\n Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.\n Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.\n \n Examples:\n get_row([\n [1,2,3,4,5,6],\n [1,2,3,4,1,6],\n [1,2,3,4,5,1]\n ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]\n get_row([], 1) == []\n get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 088\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(array):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,\n you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,\n or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.\n\n Note:\n * don't change the given array.\n\n Examples:\n * sort_array([]) => []\n * sort_array([5]) => [5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 089\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encrypt(s):\n \"\"\"Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and\n returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. \n The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters \n shift down by two multiplied to two places.\n For example:\n encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'\n encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'\n encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'\n encrypt('et') returns 'ix'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 090\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef next_smallest(lst):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a list of integers.\n Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list.\n Return None if there is no such element.\n \n next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2\n next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2\n next_smallest([]) == None\n next_smallest([1, 1]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 091\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_bored(S):\n \"\"\"\n You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number\n of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word \"I\".\n Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.\n \n For example:\n >>> is_bored(\"Hello world\")\n 0\n >>> is_bored(\"The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather\")\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 092\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef any_int(x, y, z):\n '''\n Create a function that takes 3 numbers.\n Returns true if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two, and all numbers are integers.\n Returns false in any other cases.\n \n Examples\n any_int(5, 2, 7) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3, 2, 2) ➞ False\n\n any_int(3, -2, 1) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3.6, -2.2, 2) ➞ False\n \n\n \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 093\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode(message):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a \n way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in \n the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that \n vowel in the english alphabet. \n Assume only letters. \n \n Examples:\n >>> encode('test')\n 'TGST'\n >>> encode('This is a message')\n 'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 094\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef skjkasdkd(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of integers.\n You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits.\n\n Examples:\n For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10\n For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25\n For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13\n For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11\n For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3\n For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 095\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_dict_case(dict):\n \"\"\"\n Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower \n case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False.\n The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty.\n Examples:\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"b\":\"banana\"}) should return True.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"A\":\"banana\", \"B\":\"banana\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", 8:\"banana\", \"a\":\"apple\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"Name\":\"John\", \"Age\":\"36\", \"City\":\"Houston\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"STATE\":\"NC\", \"ZIP\":\"12345\" }) should return True.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 096\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_up_to(n):\n \"\"\"Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n\n integers that are prime numbers and less than n.\n for example:\n count_up_to(5) => [2,3]\n count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]\n count_up_to(0) => []\n count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]\n count_up_to(1) => []\n count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 097\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef multiply(a, b):\n \"\"\"Complete the function that takes two integers and returns \n the product of their unit digits.\n Assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n multiply(148, 412) should return 16.\n multiply(19, 28) should return 72.\n multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.\n multiply(14,-15) should return 20.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 098\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_upper(s):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.\n \n For example:\n count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1\n count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0\n count_upper('dBBE') returns 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 099\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef closest_integer(value):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number\n and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant\n from two integers, round it away from zero.\n\n Examples\n >>> closest_integer(\"10\")\n 10\n >>> closest_integer(\"15.3\")\n 15\n\n Note:\n Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant\n from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the\n farthest from zero. For example closest_integer(\"14.5\") should\n return 15 and closest_integer(\"-14.5\") should return -15.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 100\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef make_a_pile(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.\n The first level has n stones.\n The number of stones in the next level is:\n - the next odd number if n is odd.\n - the next even number if n is even.\n Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index\n i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).\n\n Examples:\n >>> make_a_pile(3)\n [3, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 101\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_string(s):\n \"\"\"\n You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is\n to split the string into words and return an array of the words.\n \n For example:\n words_string(\"Hi, my name is John\") == [\"Hi\", \"my\", \"name\", \"is\", \"John\"]\n words_string(\"One, two, three, four, five, six\") == [\"One\", \"two\", \"three\", \"four\", \"five\", \"six\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 102\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef choose_num(x, y):\n \"\"\"This function takes two positive numbers x and y and returns the\n biggest even integer number that is in the range [x, y] inclusive. If \n there's no such number, then the function should return -1.\n\n For example:\n choose_num(12, 15) = 14\n choose_num(13, 12) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 103\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef rounded_avg(n, m):\n \"\"\"You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the\n average of the integers from n through m (including n and m). \n Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.\n If n is greater than m, return -1.\n Example:\n rounded_avg(1, 5) => \"0b11\"\n rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1\n rounded_avg(10, 20) => \"0b1111\"\n rounded_avg(20, 33) => \"0b11010\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 104\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique_digits(x):\n \"\"\"Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all \n elements that hasn't any even digit.\n\n Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.\n \n For example:\n >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])\n [1, 15, 33]\n >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])\n []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 105\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef by_length(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,\n reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from\n \"One\", \"Two\", \"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\", \"Six\", \"Seven\", \"Eight\", \"Nine\".\n\n For example:\n arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3] \n -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8] \n -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]\n return [\"Eight\", \"Five\", \"Four\", \"Three\", \"Two\", \"Two\", \"One\", \"One\"]\n \n If the array is empty, return an empty array:\n arr = []\n return []\n \n If the array has any strange number ignore it:\n arr = [1, -1 , 55] \n -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]\n -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]\n return = ['One']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 106\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef f(n):\n \"\"\" Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter,\n and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even\n or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise.\n i starts from 1.\n the factorial of i is the multiplication of the numbers from 1 to i (1 * 2 * ... * i).\n Example:\n f(5) == [1, 2, 6, 24, 15]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 107\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_palindrome(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd\n integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: 3\n Output: (1, 2)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: 12\n Output: (4, 6)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.\n\n Note:\n 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3\n 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 108\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_nums(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns\n the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.\n If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:\n e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.\n >>> count_nums([]) == 0\n >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1\n >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 109\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef move_one_ball(arr):\n \"\"\"We have an array 'arr' of N integers arr[1], arr[2], ..., arr[N].The\n numbers in the array will be randomly ordered. Your task is to determine if\n it is possible to get an array sorted in non-decreasing order by performing \n the following operation on the given array:\n You are allowed to perform right shift operation any number of times.\n \n One right shift operation means shifting all elements of the array by one\n position in the right direction. The last element of the array will be moved to\n the starting position in the array i.e. 0th index. \n\n If it is possible to obtain the sorted array by performing the above operation\n then return True else return False.\n If the given array is empty then return True.\n\n Note: The given list is guaranteed to have unique elements.\n\n For Example:\n \n move_one_ball([3, 4, 5, 1, 2])==>True\n Explanation: By performin 2 right shift operations, non-decreasing order can\n be achieved for the given array.\n move_one_ball([3, 5, 4, 1, 2])==>False\n Explanation:It is not possible to get non-decreasing order for the given\n array by performing any number of right shift operations.\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 110\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef exchange(lst1, lst2):\n \"\"\"In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,\n and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements\n between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.\n There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.\n If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make\n all the elements of lst1 to be even, return \"YES\".\n Otherwise, return \"NO\".\n For example:\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => \"YES\"\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => \"NO\"\n It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 111\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef histogram(test):\n \"\"\"Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary\n of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.\n If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.\n \n Example:\n histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}\n histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}\n histogram('') == {}\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 112\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef reverse_delete(s,c):\n \"\"\"Task\n We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c\n then check if the result string is palindrome.\n A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.\n You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.\n Example\n For s = \"abcde\", c = \"ae\", the result should be ('bcd',False)\n For s = \"abcdef\", c = \"b\" the result should be ('acdef',False)\n For s = \"abcdedcba\", c = \"ab\", the result should be ('cdedc',True)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 113\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef odd_count(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.\n Each element i of the output should be \"the number of odd elements in the\n string i of the input.\" where all the i's should be replaced by the number\n of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.\n\n >>> odd_count(['1234567'])\n [\"the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput.\"]\n >>> odd_count(['3',\"11111111\"])\n [\"the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.\",\n \"the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput.\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 114\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minSubArraySum(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array\n of nums.\n Example\n minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1\n minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 115\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_fill(grid, capacity):\n import math\n \"\"\"\n You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,\n and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.\n Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, \n and all buckets have the same capacity.\n Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.\n Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 1\n Output: 6\n\n Example 2:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 2\n Output: 5\n \n Example 3:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]\n bucket_capacity : 5\n Output: 0\n\n Constraints:\n * all wells have the same length\n * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2\n * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2\n * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1\n * 1 <= capacity <= 10\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 116\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(arr):\n \"\"\"\n In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to\n number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.\n For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.\n\n It must be implemented like this:\n >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]\n >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 117\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef select_words(s, n):\n \"\"\"Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement \n a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly \n n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.\n If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.\n Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.\n Examples:\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 4) ==> [\"little\"]\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 3) ==> [\"Mary\", \"lamb\"]\n select_words(\"simple white space\", 2) ==> []\n select_words(\"Hello world\", 4) ==> [\"world\"]\n select_words(\"Uncle sam\", 3) ==> [\"Uncle\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 118\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_closest_vowel(word):\n \"\"\"You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between \n two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).\n \n Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't\n find any vowel met the above condition. \n\n You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.\n\n Example:\n get_closest_vowel(\"yogurt\") ==> \"u\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"FULL\") ==> \"U\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"quick\") ==> \"\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"ab\") ==> \"\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 119\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef match_parens(lst):\n '''\n You are given a list of two strings, both strings consist of open\n parentheses '(' or close parentheses ')' only.\n Your job is to check if it is possible to concatenate the two strings in\n some order, that the resulting string will be good.\n A string S is considered to be good if and only if all parentheses in S\n are balanced. For example: the string '(())()' is good, while the string\n '())' is not.\n Return 'Yes' if there's a way to make a good string, and return 'No' otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n match_parens(['()(', ')']) == 'Yes'\n match_parens([')', ')']) == 'No'\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 120\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef maximum(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list \n of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3\n Output: [-4, -3, 5]\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2\n Output: [4, 4]\n\n Example 3:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1\n Output: [2]\n\n Note:\n 1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].\n 2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].\n 3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 121\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solution(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.\n \n\n Examples\n solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12\n solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9\n solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 122\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add_elements(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return\n the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.\n\n Example:\n\n Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4\n Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3\n\n Constraints:\n 1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100\n 2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 123\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_odd_collatz(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.\n\n The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined\n as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the \n previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of \n the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous\n term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.\n\n Note: \n 1. Collatz(1) is [1].\n 2. returned list sorted in increasing order.\n\n For example:\n get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 124\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef valid_date(date):\n \"\"\"You have to write a function which validates a given date string and\n returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.\n The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:\n 1. The date string is not empty.\n 2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.\n 3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.\n 4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy\n\n for example: \n valid_date('03-11-2000') => True\n\n valid_date('15-01-2012') => False\n\n valid_date('04-0-2040') => False\n\n valid_date('06-04-2020') => True\n\n valid_date('06/04/2020') => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 125\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef split_words(txt):\n '''\n Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you\n should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the\n alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25\n Examples\n split_words(\"Hello world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"Hello,world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"abcdef\") == 3 \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 126\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_sorted(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted\n in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same\n number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.\n\n Examples\n is_sorted([5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 127\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef intersection(interval1, interval2):\n \"\"\"You are given two intervals,\n where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).\n The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)\n includes both start and end.\n For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.\n Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two \n intervals is a prime number.\n Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)\n which its length is 1, which not a prime number.\n If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return \"YES\",\n otherwise, return \"NO\".\n If the two intervals don't intersect, return \"NO\".\n\n\n [input/output] samples:\n intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> \"YES\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 128\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prod_signs(arr):\n \"\"\"\n You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return\n sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs\n of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.\n Note: return None for empty arr.\n\n Example:\n >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9\n >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0\n >>> prod_signs([]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 129\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minPath(grid, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, \n each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]\n inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.\n\n You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start\n from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,\n in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current\n cell.\n Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not\n necessarily distinct).\n You CANNOT go off the grid.\n A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if\n after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go\n through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less\n than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)\n such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have\n lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].\n It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.\n Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.\n\n Examples:\n\n Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3\n Output: [1, 2, 1]\n\n Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1\n Output: [1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 130\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef tri(n):\n \"\"\"Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in \n the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.\n Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:\n tri(1) = 3\n tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.\n tri(n) = tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.\n For example:\n tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2\n tri(4) = 3\n tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)\n = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 \n You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the \n first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.\n Examples:\n tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 131\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digits(n):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.\n Return 0 if all digits are even.\n For example:\n digits(1) == 1\n digits(4) == 0\n digits(235) == 15\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 132\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_nested(string):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.\n The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets \n where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.\n\n is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[][]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 133\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of numbers.\n You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,\n round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.\n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14\n For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98\n For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84\n For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29\n For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6\n \n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 134\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):\n '''\n Create a function that returns True if the last character\n of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not\n a part of a word, and False otherwise.\n Note: \"word\" is a group of characters separated by space.\n\n Examples:\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pie\") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e\") ➞ True\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e \") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"\") ➞ False \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 135\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef can_arrange(arr):\n \"\"\"Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which\n is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If\n no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain\n duplicate values.\n\n Examples:\n can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3\n can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 136\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_smallest_integers(lst):\n '''\n Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is\n the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest\n of positive integers in a list.\n If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.\n\n Examples:\n largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)\n largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)\n largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 137\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare_one(a, b):\n \"\"\"\n Create a function that takes integers, floats, or strings representing\n real numbers, and returns the larger variable in its given variable type.\n Return None if the values are equal.\n Note: If a real number is represented as a string, the floating point might be . or ,\n\n compare_one(1, 2.5) ➞ 2.5\n compare_one(1, \"2,3\") ➞ \"2,3\"\n compare_one(\"5,1\", \"6\") ➞ \"6\"\n compare_one(\"1\", 1) ➞ None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 138\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_equal_to_sum_even(n):\n \"\"\"Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers\n Example\n is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 139\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef special_factorial(n):\n \"\"\"The Brazilian factorial is defined as:\n brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!\n where n > 0\n\n For example:\n >>> special_factorial(4)\n 288\n\n The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special\n factorial of this integer.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 140\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fix_spaces(text):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, \n and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, \n then replace all consecutive spaces with - \n \n fix_spaces(\"Example\") == \"Example\"\n fix_spaces(\"Example 1\") == \"Example_1\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 2\") == \"_Example_2\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 3\") == \"_Example-3\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 141\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef file_name_check(file_name):\n \"\"\"Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns\n 'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.\n A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions \n are met:\n - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.\n - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'\n - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from \n the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').\n - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']\n Examples:\n file_name_check(\"example.txt\") # => 'Yes'\n file_name_check(\"1example.dll\") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 142\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"\"\n This function will take a list of integers. For all entries in the list, the function shall square the integer entry if its index is a \n multiple of 3 and will cube the integer entry if its index is a multiple of 4 and not a multiple of 3. The function will not \n change the entries in the list whose indexes are not a multiple of 3 or 4. The function shall then return the sum of all entries. \n \n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 6\n For lst = [] the output should be 0\n For lst = [-1,-5,2,-1,-5] the output should be -126\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 143\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_in_sentence(sentence):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a string representing a sentence,\n the sentence contains some words separated by a space,\n and you have to return a string that contains the words from the original sentence,\n whose lengths are prime numbers,\n the order of the words in the new string should be the same as the original one.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: sentence = \"This is a test\"\n Output: \"is\"\n\n Example 2:\n Input: sentence = \"lets go for swimming\"\n Output: \"go for\"\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= len(sentence) <= 100\n * sentence contains only letters\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 144\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef simplify(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to implement a function that will simplify the expression\n x * n. The function returns True if x * n evaluates to a whole number and False\n otherwise. Both x and n, are string representation of a fraction, and have the following format,\n <numerator>/<denominator> where both numerator and denominator are positive whole numbers.\n\n You can assume that x, and n are valid fractions, and do not have zero as denominator.\n\n simplify(\"1/5\", \"5/1\") = True\n simplify(\"1/6\", \"2/1\") = False\n simplify(\"7/10\", \"10/2\") = False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 145\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef order_by_points(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function which sorts the given list of integers\n in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.\n Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,\n order them based on their index in original list.\n\n For example:\n >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]\n >>> order_by_points([]) == []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 146\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef specialFilter(nums):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns \n the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both \n first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).\n For example:\n specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 \n specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 147\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_max_triples(n):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a positive integer n. You have to create an integer array a of length n.\n For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ n), the value of a[i] = i * i - i + 1.\n Return the number of triples (a[i], a[j], a[k]) of a where i < j < k, \n and a[i] + a[j] + a[k] is a multiple of 3.\n\n Example :\n Input: n = 5\n Output: 1\n Explanation: \n a = [1, 3, 7, 13, 21]\n The only valid triple is (1, 7, 13).\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 148\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef bf(planet1, planet2):\n '''\n There are eight planets in our solar system: the closerst to the Sun \n is Mercury, the next one is Venus, then Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, \n Uranus, Neptune.\n Write a function that takes two planet names as strings planet1 and planet2. \n The function should return a tuple containing all planets whose orbits are \n located between the orbit of planet1 and the orbit of planet2, sorted by \n the proximity to the sun. \n The function should return an empty tuple if planet1 or planet2\n are not correct planet names. \n Examples\n bf(\"Jupiter\", \"Neptune\") ==> (\"Saturn\", \"Uranus\")\n bf(\"Earth\", \"Mercury\") ==> (\"Venus\")\n bf(\"Mercury\", \"Uranus\") ==> (\"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\", \"Jupiter\", \"Saturn\")\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 149\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sorted_list_sum(lst):\n \"\"\"Write a function that accepts a list of strings as a parameter,\n deletes the strings that have odd lengths from it,\n and returns the resulted list with a sorted order,\n The list is always a list of strings and never an array of numbers,\n and it may contain duplicates.\n The order of the list should be ascending by length of each word, and you\n should return the list sorted by that rule.\n If two words have the same length, sort the list alphabetically.\n The function should return a list of strings in sorted order.\n You may assume that all words will have the same length.\n For example:\n assert list_sort([\"aa\", \"a\", \"aaa\"]) => [\"aa\"]\n assert list_sort([\"ab\", \"a\", \"aaa\", \"cd\"]) => [\"ab\", \"cd\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 150\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef x_or_y(n, x, y):\n \"\"\"A simple program which should return the value of x if n is \n a prime number and should return the value of y otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n for x_or_y(7, 34, 12) == 34\n for x_or_y(15, 8, 5) == 5\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 151\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef double_the_difference(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers\n in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.\n \n double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10\n double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0\n double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81\n double_the_difference([0]) == 0 \n \n If the input list is empty, return 0.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 152\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare(game,guess):\n \"\"\"I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited\n event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are\n definitely worth noting down and comparing.\n Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.\n You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match. \n Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,\n the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.\n \n \n example:\n\n compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]\n compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 153\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):\n \"\"\"You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.\n The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The\n strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase\n letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters \n in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM. \n You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this \n format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.\n If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should\n choose the one that comes first in the list.\n For example, if you are given \"Slices\" as the class and a list of the\n extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should\n return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension \n (its strength is -1).\n Example:\n for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 154\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef cycpattern_check(a , b):\n \"\"\"You are given 2 words. You need to return True if the second word or any of its rotations is a substring in the first word\n cycpattern_check(\"abcd\",\"abd\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"hello\",\"ell\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"whassup\",\"psus\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"abab\",\"baa\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"efef\",\"eeff\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"himenss\",\"simen\") => True\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 155\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_count(num):\n \"\"\"Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.\n\n Example:\n even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)\n even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 156\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef int_to_mini_roman(number):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer, obtain its roman numeral equivalent as a string,\n and return it in lowercase.\n Restrictions: 1 <= num <= 1000\n\n Examples:\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(19) == 'xix'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(152) == 'clii'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(426) == 'cdxxvi'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Signature Index 000\n# Signature: def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n# Summary: Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 001\n# Signature: def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 002\n# Signature: def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n# Summary: Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 003\n# Signature: def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n# Summary: You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 004\n# Signature: def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n# Summary: For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 005\n# Signature: def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 006\n# Signature: def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 007\n# Signature: def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 008\n# Signature: def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n# Summary: For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 009\n# Signature: def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 010\n# Signature: def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n# Summary: Test if given string is a palindrome\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 011\n# Signature: def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 012\n# Signature: def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n# Summary: Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n# Imports: from typing import List, Optional\n\n### Signature Index 013\n# Signature: def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n# Summary: Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 014\n# Signature: def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 015\n# Signature: def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n# Summary: Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 016\n# Signature: def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 017\n# Signature: def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 018\n# Signature: def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 019\n# Signature: def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 020\n# Signature: def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n# Summary: From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 021\n# Signature: def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n# Summary: Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 022\n# Signature: def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n# Imports: from typing import List, Any\n\n### Signature Index 023\n# Signature: def strlen(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Return length of given string\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 024\n# Signature: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n# Summary: For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 025\n# Signature: def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 026\n# Signature: def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 027\n# Signature: def flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n# Summary: For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 028\n# Signature: def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n# Summary: Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 029\n# Signature: def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 030\n# Signature: def get_positive(l: list):\n# Summary: Return only positive numbers in the list.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 031\n# Signature: def is_prime(n):\n# Summary: Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 032\n# Signature: def poly(xs: list, x: float):\n# Summary: Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n# Imports: import math\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n### Local Workspace Digest\n# Request type: hot\n# Benchmark request serial: 00196\n# Source prompt row: 032\n# Source cycle: 001\n# Active signature: def poly(xs: list, x: float):\n# Prompt summary: Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n# Imports in active task: import math\n# Example: round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n# Example: round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n# pad: deterministic code path.\n# pad: docstring-compatible behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n### Active Task\nOnly the task below should be solved. Archived context above is reference-only.\n\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n"},"output_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":1000,"string":"1,000"},"cache_group":{"kind":"string","value":"hot"},"prompt_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":29997,"string":"29,997"},"shared_prefix_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":25468,"string":"25,468"},"request_serial":{"kind":"number","value":196,"string":"196"},"source_row":{"kind":"number","value":32,"string":"32"},"source_cycle":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"}}},{"rowIdx":197,"cells":{"prompt":{"kind":"string","value":"### Cold Prefix Variant 030\n# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.\n\n### Shared Repository Context\nThe following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.\nIt is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python\nfunction completion request instead of synthetic random text.\n\nImportant behavior rules:\n1. Treat the archived task specs below as background context only.\n2. Solve only the final active task that appears near the end of the prompt.\n3. Keep the style compatible with concise Python function-completion workloads.\n4. Reuse the archived material only as reference context; do not answer those archived tasks.\n5. Maintain deterministic coding style, straightforward helper usage, and compatible docstring behavior.\n\n### Engineering Policy Cards\n- Prefer pure Python unless the task clearly requires external libraries.\n- Preserve function signatures exactly and keep helper functions local when useful.\n- Use readable loops and conditionals over clever one-liners when correctness is easier to audit.\n- Match documented examples and edge cases before micro-optimizing.\n- Favor total correctness over partial heuristic behavior.\n- When a task is arithmetic or parsing heavy, write simple invariants directly in code.\n- When a task is list or string oriented, keep state transitions obvious and test-friendly.\n- Avoid surprising side effects and global state.\n- Make code stable under empty inputs, singleton inputs, and boundary values when applicable.\n\n### Archived Humaneval-Style Specifications\nThe archive below keeps the prompt distribution aligned with Python function-completion tasks.\nOnly the final active task should be completed.\n\n### Reference Card: Python Completion Habits\n- Preserve imports that appear relevant to the target signature.\n- Use helpers only when they reduce branching complexity or repeated logic.\n- Prefer direct implementations that align with doctest examples.\n- Keep mutations local and obvious.\n- If a task implies sorting, grouping, scanning, counting, or stack-like behavior, make that explicit.\n- If a task implies number theory or geometry, encode the formula directly and keep units consistent.\n\n### Reference Card: Verification Checklist\n- Check empty sequences, repeated values, and off-by-one boundaries.\n- Respect whether the task asks for a value, a boolean, a string transform, or a list transform.\n- Follow the semantics implied by the prompt text rather than inventing a different API.\n- Keep returned types stable across all branches.\n- Prefer deterministic iteration order unless randomness is explicitly requested.\n\n### Reference Card: Code Review Heuristics\n- Small helper functions are fine when they remove duplicated logic.\n- Prefer linear-time scans when they are natural for the task.\n- Avoid hidden quadratic behavior unless the input sizes are clearly tiny.\n- Keep naming close to the task statement so the generated code stays legible.\n- When a prompt includes examples, treat them as part of the contract.\n\n### Archived Spec 000\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n given threshold.\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], 0.5)\n False\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0], 0.3)\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 001\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.\n Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other\n Ignore any spaces in the input string.\n >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')\n ['()', '(())', '(()())']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 002\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n \"\"\" Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals\n (leftover part always smaller than 1).\n\n Return the decimal part of the number.\n >>> truncate_number(3.5)\n 0.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 003\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n \"\"\" You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and\n at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False.\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, 3])\n False\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, -4, 5])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 004\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n \"\"\" For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n around the mean of this dataset.\n Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each\n element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):\n MAD = average | x - x_mean |\n >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 005\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n >>> intersperse([], 4)\n []\n >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)\n [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 006\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.\n E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.\n\n >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')\n [2, 3, 1, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 007\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 008\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n \"\"\" For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.\n >>> sum_product([])\n (0, 1)\n >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])\n (10, 24)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 009\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n in the sequence.\n >>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])\n [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 010\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Test if given string is a palindrome \"\"\"\n return string == string[::-1]\n\n\ndef make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.\n Algorithm idea is simple:\n - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.\n - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.\n >>> make_palindrome('')\n ''\n >>> make_palindrome('cat')\n 'catac'\n >>> make_palindrome('cata')\n 'catac'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 011\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.\n >>> string_xor('010', '110')\n '100'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 012\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Optional\n\n\ndef longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n \"\"\" Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.\n >>> longest([])\n\n >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'a'\n >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])\n 'ccc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 013\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(3, 5)\n 1\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(25, 15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 014\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n >>> all_prefixes('abc')\n ['a', 'ab', 'abc']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 015\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n \"\"\" Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n >>> string_sequence(0)\n '0'\n >>> string_sequence(5)\n '0 1 2 3 4 5'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 016\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')\n 3\n >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')\n 4\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 017\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each\n not last.\n\n Here is a legend:\n 'o' - whole note, lasts four beats\n 'o|' - half note, lasts two beats\n '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat\n\n >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')\n [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 018\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n >>> how_many_times('', 'a')\n 0\n >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')\n 3\n >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 019\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.\n Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest\n >>> sort_numbers('three one five')\n 'one three five'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 020\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n \"\"\" From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.2])\n (2.0, 2.2)\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0])\n (2.0, 2.0)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 021\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n \"\"\" Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1\n >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])\n [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 022\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Any\n\n\ndef filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])\n [5]\n >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])\n [1, 2, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 023\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strlen(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return length of given string\n >>> strlen('')\n 0\n >>> strlen('abc')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 024\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n >>> largest_divisor(15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 025\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.\n Input number should be equal to the product of all factors\n >>> factorize(8)\n [2, 2, 2]\n >>> factorize(25)\n [5, 5]\n >>> factorize(70)\n [2, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 026\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 068\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pluck(arr):\n \"\"\"\n \"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes\n your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.\n The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.\n If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.\n\n The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],\n If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].\n\n Example 1:\n Input: [4,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.\n\n Example 2:\n Input: [1,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index. \n\n Example 3:\n Input: []\n Output: []\n \n Example 4:\n Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]\n Output: [0, 1]\n Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,\n so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000\n * 0 <= node.value\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 069\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef search(lst):\n '''\n You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than \n zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself. \n The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.\n If no such a value exist, return -1.\n Examples:\n search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2\n search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3\n search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 070\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strange_sort_list(lst):\n '''\n Given list of integers, return list in strange order.\n Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,\n then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.\n\n Examples:\n strange_sort_list([1, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 4, 2, 3]\n strange_sort_list([5, 5, 5, 5]) == [5, 5, 5, 5]\n strange_sort_list([]) == []\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 071\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, b, c):\n '''\n Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of\n the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle. \n Otherwise return -1\n Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater \n than the third side.\n Example:\n triangle_area(3, 4, 5) == 6.00\n triangle_area(1, 2, 10) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 072\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef will_it_fly(q,w):\n '''\n Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.\n The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.\n\n Example:\n will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) ➞ False \n # 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) ➞ False\n # it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) ➞ True\n # 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3], 5) ➞ True\n # 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 073\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef smallest_change(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that\n need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that\n is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.\n\n For example:\n smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 074\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef total_match(lst1, lst2):\n '''\n Write a function that accepts two lists of strings and returns the list that has \n total number of chars in the all strings of the list less than the other list.\n\n if the two lists have the same number of chars, return the first list.\n\n Examples\n total_match([], []) ➞ []\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'Hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'Hi']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hi', 'hi', 'admin', 'project']) ➞ ['hi', 'admin']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']\n total_match(['4'], ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']) ➞ ['4']\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 075\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_multiply_prime(a):\n \"\"\"Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers\n and false otherwise.\n Knowing that (a) is less then 100. \n Example:\n is_multiply_prime(30) == True\n 30 = 2 * 3 * 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 076\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_simple_power(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple\n power of n and false in other cases.\n x is a simple power of n if n**int=x\n For example:\n is_simple_power(1, 4) => true\n is_simple_power(2, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(8, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(3, 2) => false\n is_simple_power(3, 1) => false\n is_simple_power(5, 3) => false\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 077\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef iscube(a):\n '''\n Write a function that takes an integer a and returns True \n if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.\n Note: you may assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n iscube(1) ==> True\n iscube(2) ==> False\n iscube(-1) ==> True\n iscube(64) ==> True\n iscube(0) ==> True\n iscube(180) ==> False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 078\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef hex_key(num):\n \"\"\"You have been tasked to write a function that receives \n a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal \n digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number \n greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).\n Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.\n Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...\n So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, \n B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).\n Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, \n and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.\n Examples:\n For num = \"AB\" the output should be 1.\n For num = \"1077E\" the output should be 2.\n For num = \"ABED1A33\" the output should be 4.\n For num = \"123456789ABCDEF0\" the output should be 6.\n For num = \"2020\" the output should be 2.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 079\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef decimal_to_binary(decimal):\n \"\"\"You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to\n binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary\n number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.\n\n There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.\n The extra characters are there to help with the format.\n\n Examples:\n decimal_to_binary(15) # returns \"db1111db\"\n decimal_to_binary(32) # returns \"db100000db\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 080\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_happy(s):\n \"\"\"You are given a string s.\n Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.\n A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct\n For example:\n is_happy(a) => False\n is_happy(aa) => False\n is_happy(abcd) => True\n is_happy(aabb) => False\n is_happy(adb) => True\n is_happy(xyy) => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 081\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef numerical_letter_grade(grades):\n \"\"\"It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades\n to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.\n The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.\n She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write \n a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:\n GPA | Letter grade\n 4.0 A+\n > 3.7 A \n > 3.3 A- \n > 3.0 B+\n > 2.7 B \n > 2.3 B-\n > 2.0 C+\n > 1.7 C\n > 1.3 C-\n > 1.0 D+ \n > 0.7 D \n > 0.0 D-\n 0.0 E\n \n\n Example:\n grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 082\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_length(string):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string\n length is a prime number or False otherwise\n Examples\n prime_length('Hello') == True\n prime_length('abcdcba') == True\n prime_length('kittens') == True\n prime_length('orange') == False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 083\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef starts_one_ends(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit\n positive integers that start or end with 1.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 084\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solve(N):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.\n \n Example\n For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be \"1\".\n For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be \"110\".\n For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be \"1100\".\n \n Variables:\n @N integer\n Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.\n Output:\n a string of binary number\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 085\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..\n\n\n Examples:\n add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2 \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 086\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef anti_shuffle(s):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.\n Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)\n are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in\n ascending order based on ascii value.\n Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.\n\n For example:\n anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'\n anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'\n anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 087\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_row(lst, x):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,\n which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,\n each row may contain a different number of columns.\n Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,\n and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that\n each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.\n Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.\n Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.\n \n Examples:\n get_row([\n [1,2,3,4,5,6],\n [1,2,3,4,1,6],\n [1,2,3,4,5,1]\n ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]\n get_row([], 1) == []\n get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 088\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(array):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,\n you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,\n or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.\n\n Note:\n * don't change the given array.\n\n Examples:\n * sort_array([]) => []\n * sort_array([5]) => [5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 089\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encrypt(s):\n \"\"\"Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and\n returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. \n The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters \n shift down by two multiplied to two places.\n For example:\n encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'\n encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'\n encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'\n encrypt('et') returns 'ix'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 090\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef next_smallest(lst):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a list of integers.\n Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list.\n Return None if there is no such element.\n \n next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2\n next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2\n next_smallest([]) == None\n next_smallest([1, 1]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 091\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_bored(S):\n \"\"\"\n You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number\n of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word \"I\".\n Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.\n \n For example:\n >>> is_bored(\"Hello world\")\n 0\n >>> is_bored(\"The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather\")\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 092\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef any_int(x, y, z):\n '''\n Create a function that takes 3 numbers.\n Returns true if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two, and all numbers are integers.\n Returns false in any other cases.\n \n Examples\n any_int(5, 2, 7) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3, 2, 2) ➞ False\n\n any_int(3, -2, 1) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3.6, -2.2, 2) ➞ False\n \n\n \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 093\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode(message):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a \n way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in \n the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that \n vowel in the english alphabet. \n Assume only letters. \n \n Examples:\n >>> encode('test')\n 'TGST'\n >>> encode('This is a message')\n 'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 094\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef skjkasdkd(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of integers.\n You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits.\n\n Examples:\n For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10\n For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25\n For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13\n For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11\n For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3\n For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 095\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_dict_case(dict):\n \"\"\"\n Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower \n case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False.\n The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty.\n Examples:\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"b\":\"banana\"}) should return True.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"A\":\"banana\", \"B\":\"banana\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", 8:\"banana\", \"a\":\"apple\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"Name\":\"John\", \"Age\":\"36\", \"City\":\"Houston\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"STATE\":\"NC\", \"ZIP\":\"12345\" }) should return True.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 096\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_up_to(n):\n \"\"\"Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n\n integers that are prime numbers and less than n.\n for example:\n count_up_to(5) => [2,3]\n count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]\n count_up_to(0) => []\n count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]\n count_up_to(1) => []\n count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 097\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef multiply(a, b):\n \"\"\"Complete the function that takes two integers and returns \n the product of their unit digits.\n Assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n multiply(148, 412) should return 16.\n multiply(19, 28) should return 72.\n multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.\n multiply(14,-15) should return 20.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 098\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_upper(s):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.\n \n For example:\n count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1\n count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0\n count_upper('dBBE') returns 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 099\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef closest_integer(value):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number\n and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant\n from two integers, round it away from zero.\n\n Examples\n >>> closest_integer(\"10\")\n 10\n >>> closest_integer(\"15.3\")\n 15\n\n Note:\n Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant\n from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the\n farthest from zero. For example closest_integer(\"14.5\") should\n return 15 and closest_integer(\"-14.5\") should return -15.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 100\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef make_a_pile(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.\n The first level has n stones.\n The number of stones in the next level is:\n - the next odd number if n is odd.\n - the next even number if n is even.\n Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index\n i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).\n\n Examples:\n >>> make_a_pile(3)\n [3, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 101\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_string(s):\n \"\"\"\n You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is\n to split the string into words and return an array of the words.\n \n For example:\n words_string(\"Hi, my name is John\") == [\"Hi\", \"my\", \"name\", \"is\", \"John\"]\n words_string(\"One, two, three, four, five, six\") == [\"One\", \"two\", \"three\", \"four\", \"five\", \"six\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 102\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef choose_num(x, y):\n \"\"\"This function takes two positive numbers x and y and returns the\n biggest even integer number that is in the range [x, y] inclusive. If \n there's no such number, then the function should return -1.\n\n For example:\n choose_num(12, 15) = 14\n choose_num(13, 12) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 103\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef rounded_avg(n, m):\n \"\"\"You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the\n average of the integers from n through m (including n and m). \n Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.\n If n is greater than m, return -1.\n Example:\n rounded_avg(1, 5) => \"0b11\"\n rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1\n rounded_avg(10, 20) => \"0b1111\"\n rounded_avg(20, 33) => \"0b11010\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 104\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique_digits(x):\n \"\"\"Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all \n elements that hasn't any even digit.\n\n Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.\n \n For example:\n >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])\n [1, 15, 33]\n >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])\n []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 105\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef by_length(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,\n reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from\n \"One\", \"Two\", \"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\", \"Six\", \"Seven\", \"Eight\", \"Nine\".\n\n For example:\n arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3] \n -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8] \n -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]\n return [\"Eight\", \"Five\", \"Four\", \"Three\", \"Two\", \"Two\", \"One\", \"One\"]\n \n If the array is empty, return an empty array:\n arr = []\n return []\n \n If the array has any strange number ignore it:\n arr = [1, -1 , 55] \n -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]\n -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]\n return = ['One']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 106\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef f(n):\n \"\"\" Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter,\n and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even\n or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise.\n i starts from 1.\n the factorial of i is the multiplication of the numbers from 1 to i (1 * 2 * ... * i).\n Example:\n f(5) == [1, 2, 6, 24, 15]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 107\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_palindrome(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd\n integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: 3\n Output: (1, 2)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: 12\n Output: (4, 6)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.\n\n Note:\n 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3\n 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 108\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_nums(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns\n the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.\n If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:\n e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.\n >>> count_nums([]) == 0\n >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1\n >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 109\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef move_one_ball(arr):\n \"\"\"We have an array 'arr' of N integers arr[1], arr[2], ..., arr[N].The\n numbers in the array will be randomly ordered. Your task is to determine if\n it is possible to get an array sorted in non-decreasing order by performing \n the following operation on the given array:\n You are allowed to perform right shift operation any number of times.\n \n One right shift operation means shifting all elements of the array by one\n position in the right direction. The last element of the array will be moved to\n the starting position in the array i.e. 0th index. \n\n If it is possible to obtain the sorted array by performing the above operation\n then return True else return False.\n If the given array is empty then return True.\n\n Note: The given list is guaranteed to have unique elements.\n\n For Example:\n \n move_one_ball([3, 4, 5, 1, 2])==>True\n Explanation: By performin 2 right shift operations, non-decreasing order can\n be achieved for the given array.\n move_one_ball([3, 5, 4, 1, 2])==>False\n Explanation:It is not possible to get non-decreasing order for the given\n array by performing any number of right shift operations.\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 110\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef exchange(lst1, lst2):\n \"\"\"In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,\n and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements\n between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.\n There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.\n If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make\n all the elements of lst1 to be even, return \"YES\".\n Otherwise, return \"NO\".\n For example:\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => \"YES\"\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => \"NO\"\n It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 111\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef histogram(test):\n \"\"\"Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary\n of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.\n If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.\n \n Example:\n histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}\n histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}\n histogram('') == {}\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 112\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef reverse_delete(s,c):\n \"\"\"Task\n We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c\n then check if the result string is palindrome.\n A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.\n You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.\n Example\n For s = \"abcde\", c = \"ae\", the result should be ('bcd',False)\n For s = \"abcdef\", c = \"b\" the result should be ('acdef',False)\n For s = \"abcdedcba\", c = \"ab\", the result should be ('cdedc',True)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 113\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef odd_count(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.\n Each element i of the output should be \"the number of odd elements in the\n string i of the input.\" where all the i's should be replaced by the number\n of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.\n\n >>> odd_count(['1234567'])\n [\"the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput.\"]\n >>> odd_count(['3',\"11111111\"])\n [\"the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.\",\n \"the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput.\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 114\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minSubArraySum(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array\n of nums.\n Example\n minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1\n minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 115\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_fill(grid, capacity):\n import math\n \"\"\"\n You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,\n and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.\n Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, \n and all buckets have the same capacity.\n Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.\n Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 1\n Output: 6\n\n Example 2:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 2\n Output: 5\n \n Example 3:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]\n bucket_capacity : 5\n Output: 0\n\n Constraints:\n * all wells have the same length\n * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2\n * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2\n * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1\n * 1 <= capacity <= 10\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 116\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(arr):\n \"\"\"\n In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to\n number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.\n For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.\n\n It must be implemented like this:\n >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]\n >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 117\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef select_words(s, n):\n \"\"\"Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement \n a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly \n n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.\n If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.\n Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.\n Examples:\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 4) ==> [\"little\"]\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 3) ==> [\"Mary\", \"lamb\"]\n select_words(\"simple white space\", 2) ==> []\n select_words(\"Hello world\", 4) ==> [\"world\"]\n select_words(\"Uncle sam\", 3) ==> [\"Uncle\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 118\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_closest_vowel(word):\n \"\"\"You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between \n two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).\n \n Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't\n find any vowel met the above condition. \n\n You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.\n\n Example:\n get_closest_vowel(\"yogurt\") ==> \"u\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"FULL\") ==> \"U\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"quick\") ==> \"\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"ab\") ==> \"\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 119\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef match_parens(lst):\n '''\n You are given a list of two strings, both strings consist of open\n parentheses '(' or close parentheses ')' only.\n Your job is to check if it is possible to concatenate the two strings in\n some order, that the resulting string will be good.\n A string S is considered to be good if and only if all parentheses in S\n are balanced. For example: the string '(())()' is good, while the string\n '())' is not.\n Return 'Yes' if there's a way to make a good string, and return 'No' otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n match_parens(['()(', ')']) == 'Yes'\n match_parens([')', ')']) == 'No'\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 120\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef maximum(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list \n of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3\n Output: [-4, -3, 5]\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2\n Output: [4, 4]\n\n Example 3:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1\n Output: [2]\n\n Note:\n 1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].\n 2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].\n 3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 121\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solution(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.\n \n\n Examples\n solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12\n solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9\n solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 122\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add_elements(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return\n the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.\n\n Example:\n\n Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4\n Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3\n\n Constraints:\n 1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100\n 2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 123\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_odd_collatz(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.\n\n The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined\n as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the \n previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of \n the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous\n term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.\n\n Note: \n 1. Collatz(1) is [1].\n 2. returned list sorted in increasing order.\n\n For example:\n get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 124\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef valid_date(date):\n \"\"\"You have to write a function which validates a given date string and\n returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.\n The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:\n 1. The date string is not empty.\n 2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.\n 3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.\n 4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy\n\n for example: \n valid_date('03-11-2000') => True\n\n valid_date('15-01-2012') => False\n\n valid_date('04-0-2040') => False\n\n valid_date('06-04-2020') => True\n\n valid_date('06/04/2020') => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 125\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef split_words(txt):\n '''\n Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you\n should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the\n alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25\n Examples\n split_words(\"Hello world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"Hello,world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"abcdef\") == 3 \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 126\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_sorted(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted\n in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same\n number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.\n\n Examples\n is_sorted([5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 127\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef intersection(interval1, interval2):\n \"\"\"You are given two intervals,\n where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).\n The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)\n includes both start and end.\n For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.\n Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two \n intervals is a prime number.\n Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)\n which its length is 1, which not a prime number.\n If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return \"YES\",\n otherwise, return \"NO\".\n If the two intervals don't intersect, return \"NO\".\n\n\n [input/output] samples:\n intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> \"YES\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 128\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prod_signs(arr):\n \"\"\"\n You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return\n sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs\n of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.\n Note: return None for empty arr.\n\n Example:\n >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9\n >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0\n >>> prod_signs([]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 129\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minPath(grid, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, \n each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]\n inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.\n\n You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start\n from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,\n in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current\n cell.\n Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not\n necessarily distinct).\n You CANNOT go off the grid.\n A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if\n after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go\n through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less\n than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)\n such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have\n lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].\n It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.\n Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.\n\n Examples:\n\n Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3\n Output: [1, 2, 1]\n\n Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1\n Output: [1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 130\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef tri(n):\n \"\"\"Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in \n the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.\n Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:\n tri(1) = 3\n tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.\n tri(n) = tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.\n For example:\n tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2\n tri(4) = 3\n tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)\n = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 \n You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the \n first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.\n Examples:\n tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 131\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digits(n):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.\n Return 0 if all digits are even.\n For example:\n digits(1) == 1\n digits(4) == 0\n digits(235) == 15\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 132\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_nested(string):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.\n The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets \n where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.\n\n is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[][]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 133\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of numbers.\n You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,\n round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.\n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14\n For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98\n For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84\n For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29\n For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6\n \n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 134\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):\n '''\n Create a function that returns True if the last character\n of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not\n a part of a word, and False otherwise.\n Note: \"word\" is a group of characters separated by space.\n\n Examples:\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pie\") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e\") ➞ True\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e \") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"\") ➞ False \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 135\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef can_arrange(arr):\n \"\"\"Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which\n is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If\n no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain\n duplicate values.\n\n Examples:\n can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3\n can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 136\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_smallest_integers(lst):\n '''\n Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is\n the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest\n of positive integers in a list.\n If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.\n\n Examples:\n largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)\n largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)\n largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 137\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare_one(a, b):\n \"\"\"\n Create a function that takes integers, floats, or strings representing\n real numbers, and returns the larger variable in its given variable type.\n Return None if the values are equal.\n Note: If a real number is represented as a string, the floating point might be . or ,\n\n compare_one(1, 2.5) ➞ 2.5\n compare_one(1, \"2,3\") ➞ \"2,3\"\n compare_one(\"5,1\", \"6\") ➞ \"6\"\n compare_one(\"1\", 1) ➞ None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 138\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_equal_to_sum_even(n):\n \"\"\"Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers\n Example\n is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 139\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef special_factorial(n):\n \"\"\"The Brazilian factorial is defined as:\n brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!\n where n > 0\n\n For example:\n >>> special_factorial(4)\n 288\n\n The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special\n factorial of this integer.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 140\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fix_spaces(text):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, \n and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, \n then replace all consecutive spaces with - \n \n fix_spaces(\"Example\") == \"Example\"\n fix_spaces(\"Example 1\") == \"Example_1\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 2\") == \"_Example_2\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 3\") == \"_Example-3\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 141\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef file_name_check(file_name):\n \"\"\"Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns\n 'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.\n A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions \n are met:\n - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.\n - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'\n - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from \n the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').\n - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']\n Examples:\n file_name_check(\"example.txt\") # => 'Yes'\n file_name_check(\"1example.dll\") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 142\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"\"\n This function will take a list of integers. For all entries in the list, the function shall square the integer entry if its index is a \n multiple of 3 and will cube the integer entry if its index is a multiple of 4 and not a multiple of 3. The function will not \n change the entries in the list whose indexes are not a multiple of 3 or 4. The function shall then return the sum of all entries. \n \n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 6\n For lst = [] the output should be 0\n For lst = [-1,-5,2,-1,-5] the output should be -126\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 143\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_in_sentence(sentence):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a string representing a sentence,\n the sentence contains some words separated by a space,\n and you have to return a string that contains the words from the original sentence,\n whose lengths are prime numbers,\n the order of the words in the new string should be the same as the original one.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: sentence = \"This is a test\"\n Output: \"is\"\n\n Example 2:\n Input: sentence = \"lets go for swimming\"\n Output: \"go for\"\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= len(sentence) <= 100\n * sentence contains only letters\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 144\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef simplify(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to implement a function that will simplify the expression\n x * n. The function returns True if x * n evaluates to a whole number and False\n otherwise. Both x and n, are string representation of a fraction, and have the following format,\n <numerator>/<denominator> where both numerator and denominator are positive whole numbers.\n\n You can assume that x, and n are valid fractions, and do not have zero as denominator.\n\n simplify(\"1/5\", \"5/1\") = True\n simplify(\"1/6\", \"2/1\") = False\n simplify(\"7/10\", \"10/2\") = False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 145\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef order_by_points(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function which sorts the given list of integers\n in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.\n Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,\n order them based on their index in original list.\n\n For example:\n >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]\n >>> order_by_points([]) == []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 146\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef specialFilter(nums):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns \n the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both \n first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).\n For example:\n specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 \n specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 147\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_max_triples(n):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a positive integer n. You have to create an integer array a of length n.\n For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ n), the value of a[i] = i * i - i + 1.\n Return the number of triples (a[i], a[j], a[k]) of a where i < j < k, \n and a[i] + a[j] + a[k] is a multiple of 3.\n\n Example :\n Input: n = 5\n Output: 1\n Explanation: \n a = [1, 3, 7, 13, 21]\n The only valid triple is (1, 7, 13).\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 148\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef bf(planet1, planet2):\n '''\n There are eight planets in our solar system: the closerst to the Sun \n is Mercury, the next one is Venus, then Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, \n Uranus, Neptune.\n Write a function that takes two planet names as strings planet1 and planet2. \n The function should return a tuple containing all planets whose orbits are \n located between the orbit of planet1 and the orbit of planet2, sorted by \n the proximity to the sun. \n The function should return an empty tuple if planet1 or planet2\n are not correct planet names. \n Examples\n bf(\"Jupiter\", \"Neptune\") ==> (\"Saturn\", \"Uranus\")\n bf(\"Earth\", \"Mercury\") ==> (\"Venus\")\n bf(\"Mercury\", \"Uranus\") ==> (\"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\", \"Jupiter\", \"Saturn\")\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 149\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sorted_list_sum(lst):\n \"\"\"Write a function that accepts a list of strings as a parameter,\n deletes the strings that have odd lengths from it,\n and returns the resulted list with a sorted order,\n The list is always a list of strings and never an array of numbers,\n and it may contain duplicates.\n The order of the list should be ascending by length of each word, and you\n should return the list sorted by that rule.\n If two words have the same length, sort the list alphabetically.\n The function should return a list of strings in sorted order.\n You may assume that all words will have the same length.\n For example:\n assert list_sort([\"aa\", \"a\", \"aaa\"]) => [\"aa\"]\n assert list_sort([\"ab\", \"a\", \"aaa\", \"cd\"]) => [\"ab\", \"cd\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 150\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef x_or_y(n, x, y):\n \"\"\"A simple program which should return the value of x if n is \n a prime number and should return the value of y otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n for x_or_y(7, 34, 12) == 34\n for x_or_y(15, 8, 5) == 5\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 151\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef double_the_difference(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers\n in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.\n \n double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10\n double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0\n double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81\n double_the_difference([0]) == 0 \n \n If the input list is empty, return 0.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 152\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare(game,guess):\n \"\"\"I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited\n event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are\n definitely worth noting down and comparing.\n Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.\n You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match. \n Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,\n the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.\n \n \n example:\n\n compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]\n compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 153\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):\n \"\"\"You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.\n The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The\n strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase\n letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters \n in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM. \n You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this \n format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.\n If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should\n choose the one that comes first in the list.\n For example, if you are given \"Slices\" as the class and a list of the\n extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should\n return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension \n (its strength is -1).\n Example:\n for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 154\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef cycpattern_check(a , b):\n \"\"\"You are given 2 words. You need to return True if the second word or any of its rotations is a substring in the first word\n cycpattern_check(\"abcd\",\"abd\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"hello\",\"ell\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"whassup\",\"psus\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"abab\",\"baa\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"efef\",\"eeff\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"himenss\",\"simen\") => True\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 155\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_count(num):\n \"\"\"Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.\n\n Example:\n even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)\n even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 156\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef int_to_mini_roman(number):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer, obtain its roman numeral equivalent as a string,\n and return it in lowercase.\n Restrictions: 1 <= num <= 1000\n\n Examples:\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(19) == 'xix'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(152) == 'clii'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(426) == 'cdxxvi'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Signature Index 000\n# Signature: def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n# Summary: Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 001\n# Signature: def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 002\n# Signature: def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n# Summary: Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 003\n# Signature: def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n# Summary: You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 004\n# Signature: def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n# Summary: For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 005\n# Signature: def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 006\n# Signature: def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 007\n# Signature: def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 008\n# Signature: def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n# Summary: For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 009\n# Signature: def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 010\n# Signature: def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n# Summary: Test if given string is a palindrome\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 011\n# Signature: def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 012\n# Signature: def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n# Summary: Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n# Imports: from typing import List, Optional\n\n### Signature Index 013\n# Signature: def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n# Summary: Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 014\n# Signature: def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 015\n# Signature: def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n# Summary: Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 016\n# Signature: def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 017\n# Signature: def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 018\n# Signature: def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 019\n# Signature: def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 020\n# Signature: def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n# Summary: From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 021\n# Signature: def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n# Summary: Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 022\n# Signature: def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n# Imports: from typing import List, Any\n\n### Signature Index 023\n# Signature: def strlen(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Return length of given string\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 024\n# Signature: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n# Summary: For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 025\n# Signature: def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 026\n# Signature: def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 027\n# Signature: def flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n# Summary: For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 028\n# Signature: def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n# Summary: Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 029\n# Signature: def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 030\n# Signature: def get_positive(l: list):\n# Summary: Return only positive numbers in the list.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 031\n# Signature: def is_prime(n):\n# Summary: Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 032\n# Signature: def poly(xs: list, x: float):\n# Summary: Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n# Imports: import math\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n### Local Workspace Digest\n# Request type: cold\n# Benchmark request serial: 00197\n# Source prompt row: 033\n# Source cycle: 001\n# Active signature: def sort_third(l: list):\n# Prompt summary: This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n# Imports in active task: no extra imports\n# Example: sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n# Example: sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n# pad: deterministic code path.\n# pad: docstring-compatible behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n### Active Task\nOnly the task below should be solved. Archived context above is reference-only.\n\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n"},"output_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":1000,"string":"1,000"},"cache_group":{"kind":"string","value":"cold"},"prompt_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":29992,"string":"29,992"},"shared_prefix_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":25468,"string":"25,468"},"request_serial":{"kind":"number","value":197,"string":"197"},"source_row":{"kind":"number","value":33,"string":"33"},"source_cycle":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"}}},{"rowIdx":198,"cells":{"prompt":{"kind":"string","value":"### Shared Repository Context\nThe following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.\nIt is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python\nfunction completion request instead of synthetic random text.\n\nImportant behavior rules:\n1. Treat the archived task specs below as background context only.\n2. Solve only the final active task that appears near the end of the prompt.\n3. Keep the style compatible with concise Python function-completion workloads.\n4. Reuse the archived material only as reference context; do not answer those archived tasks.\n5. Maintain deterministic coding style, straightforward helper usage, and compatible docstring behavior.\n\n### Engineering Policy Cards\n- Prefer pure Python unless the task clearly requires external libraries.\n- Preserve function signatures exactly and keep helper functions local when useful.\n- Use readable loops and conditionals over clever one-liners when correctness is easier to audit.\n- Match documented examples and edge cases before micro-optimizing.\n- Favor total correctness over partial heuristic behavior.\n- When a task is arithmetic or parsing heavy, write simple invariants directly in code.\n- When a task is list or string oriented, keep state transitions obvious and test-friendly.\n- Avoid surprising side effects and global state.\n- Make code stable under empty inputs, singleton inputs, and boundary values when applicable.\n\n### Archived Humaneval-Style Specifications\nThe archive below keeps the prompt distribution aligned with Python function-completion tasks.\nOnly the final active task should be completed.\n\n### Reference Card: Python Completion Habits\n- Preserve imports that appear relevant to the target signature.\n- Use helpers only when they reduce branching complexity or repeated logic.\n- Prefer direct implementations that align with doctest examples.\n- Keep mutations local and obvious.\n- If a task implies sorting, grouping, scanning, counting, or stack-like behavior, make that explicit.\n- If a task implies number theory or geometry, encode the formula directly and keep units consistent.\n\n### Reference Card: Verification Checklist\n- Check empty sequences, repeated values, and off-by-one boundaries.\n- Respect whether the task asks for a value, a boolean, a string transform, or a list transform.\n- Follow the semantics implied by the prompt text rather than inventing a different API.\n- Keep returned types stable across all branches.\n- Prefer deterministic iteration order unless randomness is explicitly requested.\n\n### Reference Card: Code Review Heuristics\n- Small helper functions are fine when they remove duplicated logic.\n- Prefer linear-time scans when they are natural for the task.\n- Avoid hidden quadratic behavior unless the input sizes are clearly tiny.\n- Keep naming close to the task statement so the generated code stays legible.\n- When a prompt includes examples, treat them as part of the contract.\n\n### Archived Spec 000\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n given threshold.\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], 0.5)\n False\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0], 0.3)\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 001\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.\n Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other\n Ignore any spaces in the input string.\n >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')\n ['()', '(())', '(()())']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 002\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n \"\"\" Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals\n (leftover part always smaller than 1).\n\n Return the decimal part of the number.\n >>> truncate_number(3.5)\n 0.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 003\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n \"\"\" You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and\n at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False.\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, 3])\n False\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, -4, 5])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 004\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n \"\"\" For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n around the mean of this dataset.\n Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each\n element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):\n MAD = average | x - x_mean |\n >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 005\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n >>> intersperse([], 4)\n []\n >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)\n [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 006\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.\n E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.\n\n >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')\n [2, 3, 1, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 007\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 008\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n \"\"\" For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.\n >>> sum_product([])\n (0, 1)\n >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])\n (10, 24)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 009\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n in the sequence.\n >>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])\n [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 010\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Test if given string is a palindrome \"\"\"\n return string == string[::-1]\n\n\ndef make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.\n Algorithm idea is simple:\n - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.\n - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.\n >>> make_palindrome('')\n ''\n >>> make_palindrome('cat')\n 'catac'\n >>> make_palindrome('cata')\n 'catac'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 011\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.\n >>> string_xor('010', '110')\n '100'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 012\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Optional\n\n\ndef longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n \"\"\" Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.\n >>> longest([])\n\n >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'a'\n >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])\n 'ccc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 013\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(3, 5)\n 1\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(25, 15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 014\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n >>> all_prefixes('abc')\n ['a', 'ab', 'abc']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 015\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n \"\"\" Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n >>> string_sequence(0)\n '0'\n >>> string_sequence(5)\n '0 1 2 3 4 5'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 016\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')\n 3\n >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')\n 4\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 017\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each\n not last.\n\n Here is a legend:\n 'o' - whole note, lasts four beats\n 'o|' - half note, lasts two beats\n '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat\n\n >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')\n [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 018\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n >>> how_many_times('', 'a')\n 0\n >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')\n 3\n >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 019\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.\n Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest\n >>> sort_numbers('three one five')\n 'one three five'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 020\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n \"\"\" From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.2])\n (2.0, 2.2)\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0])\n (2.0, 2.0)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 021\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n \"\"\" Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1\n >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])\n [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 022\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Any\n\n\ndef filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])\n [5]\n >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])\n [1, 2, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 023\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strlen(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return length of given string\n >>> strlen('')\n 0\n >>> strlen('abc')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 024\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n >>> largest_divisor(15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 025\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.\n Input number should be equal to the product of all factors\n >>> factorize(8)\n [2, 2, 2]\n >>> factorize(25)\n [5, 5]\n >>> factorize(70)\n [2, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 026\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 068\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pluck(arr):\n \"\"\"\n \"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes\n your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.\n The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.\n If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.\n\n The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],\n If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].\n\n Example 1:\n Input: [4,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.\n\n Example 2:\n Input: [1,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index. \n\n Example 3:\n Input: []\n Output: []\n \n Example 4:\n Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]\n Output: [0, 1]\n Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,\n so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000\n * 0 <= node.value\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 069\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef search(lst):\n '''\n You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than \n zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself. \n The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.\n If no such a value exist, return -1.\n Examples:\n search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2\n search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3\n search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 070\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strange_sort_list(lst):\n '''\n Given list of integers, return list in strange order.\n Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,\n then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.\n\n Examples:\n strange_sort_list([1, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 4, 2, 3]\n strange_sort_list([5, 5, 5, 5]) == [5, 5, 5, 5]\n strange_sort_list([]) == []\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 071\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, b, c):\n '''\n Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of\n the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle. \n Otherwise return -1\n Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater \n than the third side.\n Example:\n triangle_area(3, 4, 5) == 6.00\n triangle_area(1, 2, 10) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 072\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef will_it_fly(q,w):\n '''\n Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.\n The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.\n\n Example:\n will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) ➞ False \n # 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) ➞ False\n # it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) ➞ True\n # 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3], 5) ➞ True\n # 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 073\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef smallest_change(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that\n need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that\n is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.\n\n For example:\n smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 074\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef total_match(lst1, lst2):\n '''\n Write a function that accepts two lists of strings and returns the list that has \n total number of chars in the all strings of the list less than the other list.\n\n if the two lists have the same number of chars, return the first list.\n\n Examples\n total_match([], []) ➞ []\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'Hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'Hi']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hi', 'hi', 'admin', 'project']) ➞ ['hi', 'admin']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']\n total_match(['4'], ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']) ➞ ['4']\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 075\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_multiply_prime(a):\n \"\"\"Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers\n and false otherwise.\n Knowing that (a) is less then 100. \n Example:\n is_multiply_prime(30) == True\n 30 = 2 * 3 * 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 076\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_simple_power(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple\n power of n and false in other cases.\n x is a simple power of n if n**int=x\n For example:\n is_simple_power(1, 4) => true\n is_simple_power(2, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(8, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(3, 2) => false\n is_simple_power(3, 1) => false\n is_simple_power(5, 3) => false\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 077\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef iscube(a):\n '''\n Write a function that takes an integer a and returns True \n if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.\n Note: you may assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n iscube(1) ==> True\n iscube(2) ==> False\n iscube(-1) ==> True\n iscube(64) ==> True\n iscube(0) ==> True\n iscube(180) ==> False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 078\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef hex_key(num):\n \"\"\"You have been tasked to write a function that receives \n a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal \n digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number \n greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).\n Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.\n Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...\n So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, \n B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).\n Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, \n and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.\n Examples:\n For num = \"AB\" the output should be 1.\n For num = \"1077E\" the output should be 2.\n For num = \"ABED1A33\" the output should be 4.\n For num = \"123456789ABCDEF0\" the output should be 6.\n For num = \"2020\" the output should be 2.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 079\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef decimal_to_binary(decimal):\n \"\"\"You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to\n binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary\n number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.\n\n There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.\n The extra characters are there to help with the format.\n\n Examples:\n decimal_to_binary(15) # returns \"db1111db\"\n decimal_to_binary(32) # returns \"db100000db\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 080\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_happy(s):\n \"\"\"You are given a string s.\n Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.\n A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct\n For example:\n is_happy(a) => False\n is_happy(aa) => False\n is_happy(abcd) => True\n is_happy(aabb) => False\n is_happy(adb) => True\n is_happy(xyy) => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 081\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef numerical_letter_grade(grades):\n \"\"\"It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades\n to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.\n The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.\n She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write \n a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:\n GPA | Letter grade\n 4.0 A+\n > 3.7 A \n > 3.3 A- \n > 3.0 B+\n > 2.7 B \n > 2.3 B-\n > 2.0 C+\n > 1.7 C\n > 1.3 C-\n > 1.0 D+ \n > 0.7 D \n > 0.0 D-\n 0.0 E\n \n\n Example:\n grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 082\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_length(string):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string\n length is a prime number or False otherwise\n Examples\n prime_length('Hello') == True\n prime_length('abcdcba') == True\n prime_length('kittens') == True\n prime_length('orange') == False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 083\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef starts_one_ends(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit\n positive integers that start or end with 1.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 084\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solve(N):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.\n \n Example\n For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be \"1\".\n For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be \"110\".\n For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be \"1100\".\n \n Variables:\n @N integer\n Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.\n Output:\n a string of binary number\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 085\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..\n\n\n Examples:\n add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2 \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 086\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef anti_shuffle(s):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.\n Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)\n are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in\n ascending order based on ascii value.\n Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.\n\n For example:\n anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'\n anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'\n anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 087\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_row(lst, x):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,\n which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,\n each row may contain a different number of columns.\n Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,\n and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that\n each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.\n Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.\n Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.\n \n Examples:\n get_row([\n [1,2,3,4,5,6],\n [1,2,3,4,1,6],\n [1,2,3,4,5,1]\n ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]\n get_row([], 1) == []\n get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 088\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(array):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,\n you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,\n or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.\n\n Note:\n * don't change the given array.\n\n Examples:\n * sort_array([]) => []\n * sort_array([5]) => [5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 089\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encrypt(s):\n \"\"\"Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and\n returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. \n The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters \n shift down by two multiplied to two places.\n For example:\n encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'\n encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'\n encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'\n encrypt('et') returns 'ix'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 090\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef next_smallest(lst):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a list of integers.\n Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list.\n Return None if there is no such element.\n \n next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2\n next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2\n next_smallest([]) == None\n next_smallest([1, 1]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 091\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_bored(S):\n \"\"\"\n You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number\n of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word \"I\".\n Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.\n \n For example:\n >>> is_bored(\"Hello world\")\n 0\n >>> is_bored(\"The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather\")\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 092\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef any_int(x, y, z):\n '''\n Create a function that takes 3 numbers.\n Returns true if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two, and all numbers are integers.\n Returns false in any other cases.\n \n Examples\n any_int(5, 2, 7) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3, 2, 2) ➞ False\n\n any_int(3, -2, 1) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3.6, -2.2, 2) ➞ False\n \n\n \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 093\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode(message):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a \n way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in \n the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that \n vowel in the english alphabet. \n Assume only letters. \n \n Examples:\n >>> encode('test')\n 'TGST'\n >>> encode('This is a message')\n 'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 094\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef skjkasdkd(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of integers.\n You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits.\n\n Examples:\n For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10\n For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25\n For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13\n For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11\n For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3\n For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 095\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_dict_case(dict):\n \"\"\"\n Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower \n case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False.\n The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty.\n Examples:\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"b\":\"banana\"}) should return True.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"A\":\"banana\", \"B\":\"banana\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", 8:\"banana\", \"a\":\"apple\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"Name\":\"John\", \"Age\":\"36\", \"City\":\"Houston\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"STATE\":\"NC\", \"ZIP\":\"12345\" }) should return True.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 096\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_up_to(n):\n \"\"\"Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n\n integers that are prime numbers and less than n.\n for example:\n count_up_to(5) => [2,3]\n count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]\n count_up_to(0) => []\n count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]\n count_up_to(1) => []\n count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 097\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef multiply(a, b):\n \"\"\"Complete the function that takes two integers and returns \n the product of their unit digits.\n Assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n multiply(148, 412) should return 16.\n multiply(19, 28) should return 72.\n multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.\n multiply(14,-15) should return 20.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 098\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_upper(s):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.\n \n For example:\n count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1\n count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0\n count_upper('dBBE') returns 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 099\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef closest_integer(value):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number\n and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant\n from two integers, round it away from zero.\n\n Examples\n >>> closest_integer(\"10\")\n 10\n >>> closest_integer(\"15.3\")\n 15\n\n Note:\n Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant\n from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the\n farthest from zero. For example closest_integer(\"14.5\") should\n return 15 and closest_integer(\"-14.5\") should return -15.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 100\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef make_a_pile(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.\n The first level has n stones.\n The number of stones in the next level is:\n - the next odd number if n is odd.\n - the next even number if n is even.\n Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index\n i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).\n\n Examples:\n >>> make_a_pile(3)\n [3, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 101\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_string(s):\n \"\"\"\n You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is\n to split the string into words and return an array of the words.\n \n For example:\n words_string(\"Hi, my name is John\") == [\"Hi\", \"my\", \"name\", \"is\", \"John\"]\n words_string(\"One, two, three, four, five, six\") == [\"One\", \"two\", \"three\", \"four\", \"five\", \"six\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 102\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef choose_num(x, y):\n \"\"\"This function takes two positive numbers x and y and returns the\n biggest even integer number that is in the range [x, y] inclusive. If \n there's no such number, then the function should return -1.\n\n For example:\n choose_num(12, 15) = 14\n choose_num(13, 12) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 103\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef rounded_avg(n, m):\n \"\"\"You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the\n average of the integers from n through m (including n and m). \n Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.\n If n is greater than m, return -1.\n Example:\n rounded_avg(1, 5) => \"0b11\"\n rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1\n rounded_avg(10, 20) => \"0b1111\"\n rounded_avg(20, 33) => \"0b11010\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 104\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique_digits(x):\n \"\"\"Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all \n elements that hasn't any even digit.\n\n Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.\n \n For example:\n >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])\n [1, 15, 33]\n >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])\n []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 105\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef by_length(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,\n reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from\n \"One\", \"Two\", \"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\", \"Six\", \"Seven\", \"Eight\", \"Nine\".\n\n For example:\n arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3] \n -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8] \n -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]\n return [\"Eight\", \"Five\", \"Four\", \"Three\", \"Two\", \"Two\", \"One\", \"One\"]\n \n If the array is empty, return an empty array:\n arr = []\n return []\n \n If the array has any strange number ignore it:\n arr = [1, -1 , 55] \n -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]\n -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]\n return = ['One']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 106\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef f(n):\n \"\"\" Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter,\n and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even\n or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise.\n i starts from 1.\n the factorial of i is the multiplication of the numbers from 1 to i (1 * 2 * ... * i).\n Example:\n f(5) == [1, 2, 6, 24, 15]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 107\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_palindrome(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd\n integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: 3\n Output: (1, 2)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: 12\n Output: (4, 6)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.\n\n Note:\n 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3\n 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 108\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_nums(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns\n the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.\n If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:\n e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.\n >>> count_nums([]) == 0\n >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1\n >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 109\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef move_one_ball(arr):\n \"\"\"We have an array 'arr' of N integers arr[1], arr[2], ..., arr[N].The\n numbers in the array will be randomly ordered. Your task is to determine if\n it is possible to get an array sorted in non-decreasing order by performing \n the following operation on the given array:\n You are allowed to perform right shift operation any number of times.\n \n One right shift operation means shifting all elements of the array by one\n position in the right direction. The last element of the array will be moved to\n the starting position in the array i.e. 0th index. \n\n If it is possible to obtain the sorted array by performing the above operation\n then return True else return False.\n If the given array is empty then return True.\n\n Note: The given list is guaranteed to have unique elements.\n\n For Example:\n \n move_one_ball([3, 4, 5, 1, 2])==>True\n Explanation: By performin 2 right shift operations, non-decreasing order can\n be achieved for the given array.\n move_one_ball([3, 5, 4, 1, 2])==>False\n Explanation:It is not possible to get non-decreasing order for the given\n array by performing any number of right shift operations.\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 110\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef exchange(lst1, lst2):\n \"\"\"In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,\n and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements\n between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.\n There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.\n If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make\n all the elements of lst1 to be even, return \"YES\".\n Otherwise, return \"NO\".\n For example:\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => \"YES\"\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => \"NO\"\n It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 111\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef histogram(test):\n \"\"\"Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary\n of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.\n If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.\n \n Example:\n histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}\n histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}\n histogram('') == {}\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 112\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef reverse_delete(s,c):\n \"\"\"Task\n We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c\n then check if the result string is palindrome.\n A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.\n You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.\n Example\n For s = \"abcde\", c = \"ae\", the result should be ('bcd',False)\n For s = \"abcdef\", c = \"b\" the result should be ('acdef',False)\n For s = \"abcdedcba\", c = \"ab\", the result should be ('cdedc',True)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 113\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef odd_count(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.\n Each element i of the output should be \"the number of odd elements in the\n string i of the input.\" where all the i's should be replaced by the number\n of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.\n\n >>> odd_count(['1234567'])\n [\"the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput.\"]\n >>> odd_count(['3',\"11111111\"])\n [\"the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.\",\n \"the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput.\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 114\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minSubArraySum(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array\n of nums.\n Example\n minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1\n minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 115\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_fill(grid, capacity):\n import math\n \"\"\"\n You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,\n and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.\n Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, \n and all buckets have the same capacity.\n Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.\n Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 1\n Output: 6\n\n Example 2:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 2\n Output: 5\n \n Example 3:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]\n bucket_capacity : 5\n Output: 0\n\n Constraints:\n * all wells have the same length\n * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2\n * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2\n * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1\n * 1 <= capacity <= 10\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 116\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(arr):\n \"\"\"\n In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to\n number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.\n For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.\n\n It must be implemented like this:\n >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]\n >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 117\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef select_words(s, n):\n \"\"\"Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement \n a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly \n n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.\n If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.\n Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.\n Examples:\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 4) ==> [\"little\"]\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 3) ==> [\"Mary\", \"lamb\"]\n select_words(\"simple white space\", 2) ==> []\n select_words(\"Hello world\", 4) ==> [\"world\"]\n select_words(\"Uncle sam\", 3) ==> [\"Uncle\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 118\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_closest_vowel(word):\n \"\"\"You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between \n two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).\n \n Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't\n find any vowel met the above condition. \n\n You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.\n\n Example:\n get_closest_vowel(\"yogurt\") ==> \"u\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"FULL\") ==> \"U\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"quick\") ==> \"\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"ab\") ==> \"\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 119\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef match_parens(lst):\n '''\n You are given a list of two strings, both strings consist of open\n parentheses '(' or close parentheses ')' only.\n Your job is to check if it is possible to concatenate the two strings in\n some order, that the resulting string will be good.\n A string S is considered to be good if and only if all parentheses in S\n are balanced. For example: the string '(())()' is good, while the string\n '())' is not.\n Return 'Yes' if there's a way to make a good string, and return 'No' otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n match_parens(['()(', ')']) == 'Yes'\n match_parens([')', ')']) == 'No'\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 120\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef maximum(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list \n of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3\n Output: [-4, -3, 5]\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2\n Output: [4, 4]\n\n Example 3:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1\n Output: [2]\n\n Note:\n 1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].\n 2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].\n 3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 121\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solution(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.\n \n\n Examples\n solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12\n solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9\n solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 122\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add_elements(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return\n the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.\n\n Example:\n\n Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4\n Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3\n\n Constraints:\n 1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100\n 2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 123\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_odd_collatz(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.\n\n The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined\n as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the \n previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of \n the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous\n term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.\n\n Note: \n 1. Collatz(1) is [1].\n 2. returned list sorted in increasing order.\n\n For example:\n get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 124\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef valid_date(date):\n \"\"\"You have to write a function which validates a given date string and\n returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.\n The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:\n 1. The date string is not empty.\n 2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.\n 3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.\n 4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy\n\n for example: \n valid_date('03-11-2000') => True\n\n valid_date('15-01-2012') => False\n\n valid_date('04-0-2040') => False\n\n valid_date('06-04-2020') => True\n\n valid_date('06/04/2020') => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 125\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef split_words(txt):\n '''\n Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you\n should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the\n alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25\n Examples\n split_words(\"Hello world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"Hello,world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"abcdef\") == 3 \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 126\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_sorted(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted\n in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same\n number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.\n\n Examples\n is_sorted([5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 127\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef intersection(interval1, interval2):\n \"\"\"You are given two intervals,\n where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).\n The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)\n includes both start and end.\n For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.\n Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two \n intervals is a prime number.\n Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)\n which its length is 1, which not a prime number.\n If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return \"YES\",\n otherwise, return \"NO\".\n If the two intervals don't intersect, return \"NO\".\n\n\n [input/output] samples:\n intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> \"YES\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 128\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prod_signs(arr):\n \"\"\"\n You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return\n sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs\n of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.\n Note: return None for empty arr.\n\n Example:\n >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9\n >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0\n >>> prod_signs([]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 129\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minPath(grid, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, \n each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]\n inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.\n\n You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start\n from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,\n in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current\n cell.\n Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not\n necessarily distinct).\n You CANNOT go off the grid.\n A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if\n after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go\n through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less\n than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)\n such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have\n lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].\n It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.\n Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.\n\n Examples:\n\n Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3\n Output: [1, 2, 1]\n\n Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1\n Output: [1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 130\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef tri(n):\n \"\"\"Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in \n the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.\n Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:\n tri(1) = 3\n tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.\n tri(n) = tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.\n For example:\n tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2\n tri(4) = 3\n tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)\n = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 \n You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the \n first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.\n Examples:\n tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 131\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digits(n):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.\n Return 0 if all digits are even.\n For example:\n digits(1) == 1\n digits(4) == 0\n digits(235) == 15\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 132\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_nested(string):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.\n The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets \n where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.\n\n is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[][]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 133\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of numbers.\n You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,\n round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.\n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14\n For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98\n For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84\n For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29\n For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6\n \n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 134\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):\n '''\n Create a function that returns True if the last character\n of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not\n a part of a word, and False otherwise.\n Note: \"word\" is a group of characters separated by space.\n\n Examples:\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pie\") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e\") ➞ True\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e \") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"\") ➞ False \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 135\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef can_arrange(arr):\n \"\"\"Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which\n is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If\n no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain\n duplicate values.\n\n Examples:\n can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3\n can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 136\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_smallest_integers(lst):\n '''\n Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is\n the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest\n of positive integers in a list.\n If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.\n\n Examples:\n largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)\n largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)\n largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 137\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare_one(a, b):\n \"\"\"\n Create a function that takes integers, floats, or strings representing\n real numbers, and returns the larger variable in its given variable type.\n Return None if the values are equal.\n Note: If a real number is represented as a string, the floating point might be . or ,\n\n compare_one(1, 2.5) ➞ 2.5\n compare_one(1, \"2,3\") ➞ \"2,3\"\n compare_one(\"5,1\", \"6\") ➞ \"6\"\n compare_one(\"1\", 1) ➞ None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 138\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_equal_to_sum_even(n):\n \"\"\"Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers\n Example\n is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 139\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef special_factorial(n):\n \"\"\"The Brazilian factorial is defined as:\n brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!\n where n > 0\n\n For example:\n >>> special_factorial(4)\n 288\n\n The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special\n factorial of this integer.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 140\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fix_spaces(text):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, \n and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, \n then replace all consecutive spaces with - \n \n fix_spaces(\"Example\") == \"Example\"\n fix_spaces(\"Example 1\") == \"Example_1\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 2\") == \"_Example_2\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 3\") == \"_Example-3\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 141\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef file_name_check(file_name):\n \"\"\"Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns\n 'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.\n A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions \n are met:\n - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.\n - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'\n - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from \n the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').\n - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']\n Examples:\n file_name_check(\"example.txt\") # => 'Yes'\n file_name_check(\"1example.dll\") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 142\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"\"\n This function will take a list of integers. For all entries in the list, the function shall square the integer entry if its index is a \n multiple of 3 and will cube the integer entry if its index is a multiple of 4 and not a multiple of 3. The function will not \n change the entries in the list whose indexes are not a multiple of 3 or 4. The function shall then return the sum of all entries. \n \n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 6\n For lst = [] the output should be 0\n For lst = [-1,-5,2,-1,-5] the output should be -126\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 143\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_in_sentence(sentence):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a string representing a sentence,\n the sentence contains some words separated by a space,\n and you have to return a string that contains the words from the original sentence,\n whose lengths are prime numbers,\n the order of the words in the new string should be the same as the original one.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: sentence = \"This is a test\"\n Output: \"is\"\n\n Example 2:\n Input: sentence = \"lets go for swimming\"\n Output: \"go for\"\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= len(sentence) <= 100\n * sentence contains only letters\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 144\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef simplify(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to implement a function that will simplify the expression\n x * n. The function returns True if x * n evaluates to a whole number and False\n otherwise. Both x and n, are string representation of a fraction, and have the following format,\n <numerator>/<denominator> where both numerator and denominator are positive whole numbers.\n\n You can assume that x, and n are valid fractions, and do not have zero as denominator.\n\n simplify(\"1/5\", \"5/1\") = True\n simplify(\"1/6\", \"2/1\") = False\n simplify(\"7/10\", \"10/2\") = False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 145\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef order_by_points(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function which sorts the given list of integers\n in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.\n Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,\n order them based on their index in original list.\n\n For example:\n >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]\n >>> order_by_points([]) == []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 146\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef specialFilter(nums):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns \n the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both \n first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).\n For example:\n specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 \n specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 147\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_max_triples(n):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a positive integer n. You have to create an integer array a of length n.\n For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ n), the value of a[i] = i * i - i + 1.\n Return the number of triples (a[i], a[j], a[k]) of a where i < j < k, \n and a[i] + a[j] + a[k] is a multiple of 3.\n\n Example :\n Input: n = 5\n Output: 1\n Explanation: \n a = [1, 3, 7, 13, 21]\n The only valid triple is (1, 7, 13).\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 148\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef bf(planet1, planet2):\n '''\n There are eight planets in our solar system: the closerst to the Sun \n is Mercury, the next one is Venus, then Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, \n Uranus, Neptune.\n Write a function that takes two planet names as strings planet1 and planet2. \n The function should return a tuple containing all planets whose orbits are \n located between the orbit of planet1 and the orbit of planet2, sorted by \n the proximity to the sun. \n The function should return an empty tuple if planet1 or planet2\n are not correct planet names. \n Examples\n bf(\"Jupiter\", \"Neptune\") ==> (\"Saturn\", \"Uranus\")\n bf(\"Earth\", \"Mercury\") ==> (\"Venus\")\n bf(\"Mercury\", \"Uranus\") ==> (\"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\", \"Jupiter\", \"Saturn\")\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 149\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sorted_list_sum(lst):\n \"\"\"Write a function that accepts a list of strings as a parameter,\n deletes the strings that have odd lengths from it,\n and returns the resulted list with a sorted order,\n The list is always a list of strings and never an array of numbers,\n and it may contain duplicates.\n The order of the list should be ascending by length of each word, and you\n should return the list sorted by that rule.\n If two words have the same length, sort the list alphabetically.\n The function should return a list of strings in sorted order.\n You may assume that all words will have the same length.\n For example:\n assert list_sort([\"aa\", \"a\", \"aaa\"]) => [\"aa\"]\n assert list_sort([\"ab\", \"a\", \"aaa\", \"cd\"]) => [\"ab\", \"cd\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 150\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef x_or_y(n, x, y):\n \"\"\"A simple program which should return the value of x if n is \n a prime number and should return the value of y otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n for x_or_y(7, 34, 12) == 34\n for x_or_y(15, 8, 5) == 5\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 151\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef double_the_difference(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers\n in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.\n \n double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10\n double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0\n double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81\n double_the_difference([0]) == 0 \n \n If the input list is empty, return 0.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 152\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare(game,guess):\n \"\"\"I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited\n event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are\n definitely worth noting down and comparing.\n Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.\n You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match. \n Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,\n the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.\n \n \n example:\n\n compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]\n compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 153\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):\n \"\"\"You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.\n The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The\n strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase\n letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters \n in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM. \n You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this \n format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.\n If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should\n choose the one that comes first in the list.\n For example, if you are given \"Slices\" as the class and a list of the\n extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should\n return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension \n (its strength is -1).\n Example:\n for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 154\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef cycpattern_check(a , b):\n \"\"\"You are given 2 words. You need to return True if the second word or any of its rotations is a substring in the first word\n cycpattern_check(\"abcd\",\"abd\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"hello\",\"ell\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"whassup\",\"psus\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"abab\",\"baa\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"efef\",\"eeff\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"himenss\",\"simen\") => True\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 155\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_count(num):\n \"\"\"Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.\n\n Example:\n even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)\n even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 156\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef int_to_mini_roman(number):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer, obtain its roman numeral equivalent as a string,\n and return it in lowercase.\n Restrictions: 1 <= num <= 1000\n\n Examples:\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(19) == 'xix'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(152) == 'clii'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(426) == 'cdxxvi'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Signature Index 000\n# Signature: def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n# Summary: Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 001\n# Signature: def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 002\n# Signature: def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n# Summary: Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 003\n# Signature: def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n# Summary: You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 004\n# Signature: def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n# Summary: For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 005\n# Signature: def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 006\n# Signature: def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 007\n# Signature: def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 008\n# Signature: def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n# Summary: For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 009\n# Signature: def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 010\n# Signature: def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n# Summary: Test if given string is a palindrome\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 011\n# Signature: def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 012\n# Signature: def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n# Summary: Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n# Imports: from typing import List, Optional\n\n### Signature Index 013\n# Signature: def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n# Summary: Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 014\n# Signature: def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 015\n# Signature: def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n# Summary: Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 016\n# Signature: def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 017\n# Signature: def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 018\n# Signature: def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 019\n# Signature: def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 020\n# Signature: def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n# Summary: From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 021\n# Signature: def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n# Summary: Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 022\n# Signature: def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n# Imports: from typing import List, Any\n\n### Signature Index 023\n# Signature: def strlen(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Return length of given string\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 024\n# Signature: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n# Summary: For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 025\n# Signature: def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 026\n# Signature: def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 027\n# Signature: def flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n# Summary: For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 028\n# Signature: def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n# Summary: Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 029\n# Signature: def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 030\n# Signature: def get_positive(l: list):\n# Summary: Return only positive numbers in the list.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 031\n# Signature: def is_prime(n):\n# Summary: Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 032\n# Signature: def poly(xs: list, x: float):\n# Summary: Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n# Imports: import math\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n### Local Workspace Digest\n# Request type: hot\n# Benchmark request serial: 00198\n# Source prompt row: 034\n# Source cycle: 001\n# Active signature: def unique(l: list):\n# Prompt summary: Return sorted unique elements in a list\n# Imports in active task: no extra imports\n# Example: unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n# pad: deterministic code path.\n# pad: docstring-compatible behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n### Active Task\nOnly the task below should be solved. Archived context above is reference-only.\n\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n"},"output_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":1000,"string":"1,000"},"cache_group":{"kind":"string","value":"hot"},"prompt_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":29996,"string":"29,996"},"shared_prefix_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":25468,"string":"25,468"},"request_serial":{"kind":"number","value":198,"string":"198"},"source_row":{"kind":"number","value":34,"string":"34"},"source_cycle":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"}}},{"rowIdx":199,"cells":{"prompt":{"kind":"string","value":"### Shared Repository Context\nThe following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.\nIt is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python\nfunction completion request instead of synthetic random text.\n\nImportant behavior rules:\n1. Treat the archived task specs below as background context only.\n2. Solve only the final active task that appears near the end of the prompt.\n3. Keep the style compatible with concise Python function-completion workloads.\n4. Reuse the archived material only as reference context; do not answer those archived tasks.\n5. Maintain deterministic coding style, straightforward helper usage, and compatible docstring behavior.\n\n### Engineering Policy Cards\n- Prefer pure Python unless the task clearly requires external libraries.\n- Preserve function signatures exactly and keep helper functions local when useful.\n- Use readable loops and conditionals over clever one-liners when correctness is easier to audit.\n- Match documented examples and edge cases before micro-optimizing.\n- Favor total correctness over partial heuristic behavior.\n- When a task is arithmetic or parsing heavy, write simple invariants directly in code.\n- When a task is list or string oriented, keep state transitions obvious and test-friendly.\n- Avoid surprising side effects and global state.\n- Make code stable under empty inputs, singleton inputs, and boundary values when applicable.\n\n### Archived Humaneval-Style Specifications\nThe archive below keeps the prompt distribution aligned with Python function-completion tasks.\nOnly the final active task should be completed.\n\n### Reference Card: Python Completion Habits\n- Preserve imports that appear relevant to the target signature.\n- Use helpers only when they reduce branching complexity or repeated logic.\n- Prefer direct implementations that align with doctest examples.\n- Keep mutations local and obvious.\n- If a task implies sorting, grouping, scanning, counting, or stack-like behavior, make that explicit.\n- If a task implies number theory or geometry, encode the formula directly and keep units consistent.\n\n### Reference Card: Verification Checklist\n- Check empty sequences, repeated values, and off-by-one boundaries.\n- Respect whether the task asks for a value, a boolean, a string transform, or a list transform.\n- Follow the semantics implied by the prompt text rather than inventing a different API.\n- Keep returned types stable across all branches.\n- Prefer deterministic iteration order unless randomness is explicitly requested.\n\n### Reference Card: Code Review Heuristics\n- Small helper functions are fine when they remove duplicated logic.\n- Prefer linear-time scans when they are natural for the task.\n- Avoid hidden quadratic behavior unless the input sizes are clearly tiny.\n- Keep naming close to the task statement so the generated code stays legible.\n- When a prompt includes examples, treat them as part of the contract.\n\n### Archived Spec 000\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n given threshold.\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], 0.5)\n False\n >>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0], 0.3)\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 001\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.\n Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other\n Ignore any spaces in the input string.\n >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')\n ['()', '(())', '(()())']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 002\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n \"\"\" Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals\n (leftover part always smaller than 1).\n\n Return the decimal part of the number.\n >>> truncate_number(3.5)\n 0.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 003\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n \"\"\" You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and\n at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False.\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, 3])\n False\n >>> below_zero([1, 2, -4, 5])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 004\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n \"\"\" For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n around the mean of this dataset.\n Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each\n element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):\n MAD = average | x - x_mean |\n >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 005\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n >>> intersperse([], 4)\n []\n >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)\n [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 006\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.\n E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.\n\n >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')\n [2, 3, 1, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 007\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 008\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n \"\"\" For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.\n >>> sum_product([])\n (0, 1)\n >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])\n (10, 24)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 009\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n in the sequence.\n >>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])\n [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 010\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n \"\"\" Test if given string is a palindrome \"\"\"\n return string == string[::-1]\n\n\ndef make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.\n Algorithm idea is simple:\n - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.\n - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.\n >>> make_palindrome('')\n ''\n >>> make_palindrome('cat')\n 'catac'\n >>> make_palindrome('cata')\n 'catac'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 011\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.\n >>> string_xor('010', '110')\n '100'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 012\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Optional\n\n\ndef longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n \"\"\" Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.\n >>> longest([])\n\n >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'a'\n >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])\n 'ccc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 013\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(3, 5)\n 1\n >>> greatest_common_divisor(25, 15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 014\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n >>> all_prefixes('abc')\n ['a', 'ab', 'abc']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 015\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n \"\"\" Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n >>> string_sequence(0)\n '0'\n >>> string_sequence(5)\n '0 1 2 3 4 5'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 016\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')\n 3\n >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')\n 4\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 017\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each\n not last.\n\n Here is a legend:\n 'o' - whole note, lasts four beats\n 'o|' - half note, lasts two beats\n '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat\n\n >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')\n [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 018\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n >>> how_many_times('', 'a')\n 0\n >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')\n 3\n >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 019\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.\n Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest\n >>> sort_numbers('three one five')\n 'one three five'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 020\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Tuple\n\n\ndef find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n \"\"\" From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.2])\n (2.0, 2.2)\n >>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0])\n (2.0, 2.0)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 021\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n \"\"\" Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1\n >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])\n [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 022\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List, Any\n\n\ndef filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])\n [5]\n >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])\n [1, 2, 3]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 023\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strlen(string: str) -> int:\n \"\"\" Return length of given string\n >>> strlen('')\n 0\n >>> strlen('abc')\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 024\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n \"\"\" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n >>> largest_divisor(15)\n 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 025\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.\n Input number should be equal to the product of all factors\n >>> factorize(8)\n [2, 2, 2]\n >>> factorize(25)\n [5, 5]\n >>> factorize(70)\n [2, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 026\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n \"\"\" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.\n >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])\n [1, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 027\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n \"\"\" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n >>> flip_case('Hello')\n 'hELLO'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 028\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n \"\"\" Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n >>> concatenate([])\n ''\n >>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n 'abc'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 029\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nfrom typing import List\n\n\ndef filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n \"\"\" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n >>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')\n []\n >>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')\n ['abc', 'array']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 030\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_positive(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return only positive numbers in the list.\n >>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])\n [2, 5, 6]\n >>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n [5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 031\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_prime(n):\n \"\"\"Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n >>> is_prime(6)\n False\n >>> is_prime(101)\n True\n >>> is_prime(11)\n True\n >>> is_prime(13441)\n True\n >>> is_prime(61)\n True\n >>> is_prime(4)\n False\n >>> is_prime(1)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 032\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nimport math\n\n\ndef poly(xs: list, x: float):\n \"\"\"\n Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n\n \"\"\"\n return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])\n\n\ndef find_zero(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.\n find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.\n find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.\n Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients\n and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees\n a solution.\n >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x\n -0.5\n >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3\n 1.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 033\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_third(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal\n to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])\n [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 034\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique elements in a list\n >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 035\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 068\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pluck(arr):\n \"\"\"\n \"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes\n your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.\n The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.\n If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.\n\n The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],\n If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].\n\n Example 1:\n Input: [4,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.\n\n Example 2:\n Input: [1,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index. \n\n Example 3:\n Input: []\n Output: []\n \n Example 4:\n Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]\n Output: [0, 1]\n Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,\n so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000\n * 0 <= node.value\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 069\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef search(lst):\n '''\n You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than \n zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself. \n The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.\n If no such a value exist, return -1.\n Examples:\n search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2\n search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3\n search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 070\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef strange_sort_list(lst):\n '''\n Given list of integers, return list in strange order.\n Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,\n then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.\n\n Examples:\n strange_sort_list([1, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 4, 2, 3]\n strange_sort_list([5, 5, 5, 5]) == [5, 5, 5, 5]\n strange_sort_list([]) == []\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 071\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, b, c):\n '''\n Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of\n the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle. \n Otherwise return -1\n Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater \n than the third side.\n Example:\n triangle_area(3, 4, 5) == 6.00\n triangle_area(1, 2, 10) == -1\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 072\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef will_it_fly(q,w):\n '''\n Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.\n The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.\n\n Example:\n will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) ➞ False \n # 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) ➞ False\n # it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.\n\n will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) ➞ True\n # 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n\n will_it_fly([3], 5) ➞ True\n # 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 073\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef smallest_change(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that\n need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that\n is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.\n\n For example:\n smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1\n smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 074\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef total_match(lst1, lst2):\n '''\n Write a function that accepts two lists of strings and returns the list that has \n total number of chars in the all strings of the list less than the other list.\n\n if the two lists have the same number of chars, return the first list.\n\n Examples\n total_match([], []) ➞ []\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'Hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'Hi']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hi', 'hi', 'admin', 'project']) ➞ ['hi', 'admin']\n total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']) ➞ ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']\n total_match(['4'], ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']) ➞ ['4']\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 075\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_multiply_prime(a):\n \"\"\"Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers\n and false otherwise.\n Knowing that (a) is less then 100. \n Example:\n is_multiply_prime(30) == True\n 30 = 2 * 3 * 5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 076\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_simple_power(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple\n power of n and false in other cases.\n x is a simple power of n if n**int=x\n For example:\n is_simple_power(1, 4) => true\n is_simple_power(2, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(8, 2) => true\n is_simple_power(3, 2) => false\n is_simple_power(3, 1) => false\n is_simple_power(5, 3) => false\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 077\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef iscube(a):\n '''\n Write a function that takes an integer a and returns True \n if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.\n Note: you may assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n iscube(1) ==> True\n iscube(2) ==> False\n iscube(-1) ==> True\n iscube(64) ==> True\n iscube(0) ==> True\n iscube(180) ==> False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 078\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef hex_key(num):\n \"\"\"You have been tasked to write a function that receives \n a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal \n digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number \n greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).\n Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.\n Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...\n So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, \n B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).\n Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, \n and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.\n Examples:\n For num = \"AB\" the output should be 1.\n For num = \"1077E\" the output should be 2.\n For num = \"ABED1A33\" the output should be 4.\n For num = \"123456789ABCDEF0\" the output should be 6.\n For num = \"2020\" the output should be 2.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 079\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef decimal_to_binary(decimal):\n \"\"\"You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to\n binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary\n number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.\n\n There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.\n The extra characters are there to help with the format.\n\n Examples:\n decimal_to_binary(15) # returns \"db1111db\"\n decimal_to_binary(32) # returns \"db100000db\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 080\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_happy(s):\n \"\"\"You are given a string s.\n Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.\n A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct\n For example:\n is_happy(a) => False\n is_happy(aa) => False\n is_happy(abcd) => True\n is_happy(aabb) => False\n is_happy(adb) => True\n is_happy(xyy) => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 081\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef numerical_letter_grade(grades):\n \"\"\"It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades\n to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.\n The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.\n She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write \n a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:\n GPA | Letter grade\n 4.0 A+\n > 3.7 A \n > 3.3 A- \n > 3.0 B+\n > 2.7 B \n > 2.3 B-\n > 2.0 C+\n > 1.7 C\n > 1.3 C-\n > 1.0 D+ \n > 0.7 D \n > 0.0 D-\n 0.0 E\n \n\n Example:\n grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 082\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_length(string):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string\n length is a prime number or False otherwise\n Examples\n prime_length('Hello') == True\n prime_length('abcdcba') == True\n prime_length('kittens') == True\n prime_length('orange') == False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 083\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef starts_one_ends(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit\n positive integers that start or end with 1.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 084\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solve(N):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.\n \n Example\n For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be \"1\".\n For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be \"110\".\n For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be \"1100\".\n \n Variables:\n @N integer\n Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.\n Output:\n a string of binary number\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 085\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..\n\n\n Examples:\n add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2 \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 086\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef anti_shuffle(s):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.\n Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)\n are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in\n ascending order based on ascii value.\n Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.\n\n For example:\n anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'\n anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'\n anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 087\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_row(lst, x):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,\n which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,\n each row may contain a different number of columns.\n Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,\n and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that\n each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.\n Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.\n Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.\n \n Examples:\n get_row([\n [1,2,3,4,5,6],\n [1,2,3,4,1,6],\n [1,2,3,4,5,1]\n ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]\n get_row([], 1) == []\n get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 088\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(array):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,\n you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,\n or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.\n\n Note:\n * don't change the given array.\n\n Examples:\n * sort_array([]) => []\n * sort_array([5]) => [5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 089\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encrypt(s):\n \"\"\"Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and\n returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. \n The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters \n shift down by two multiplied to two places.\n For example:\n encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'\n encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'\n encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'\n encrypt('et') returns 'ix'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 090\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef next_smallest(lst):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a list of integers.\n Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list.\n Return None if there is no such element.\n \n next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2\n next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2\n next_smallest([]) == None\n next_smallest([1, 1]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 091\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_bored(S):\n \"\"\"\n You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number\n of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word \"I\".\n Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.\n \n For example:\n >>> is_bored(\"Hello world\")\n 0\n >>> is_bored(\"The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather\")\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 092\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef any_int(x, y, z):\n '''\n Create a function that takes 3 numbers.\n Returns true if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two, and all numbers are integers.\n Returns false in any other cases.\n \n Examples\n any_int(5, 2, 7) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3, 2, 2) ➞ False\n\n any_int(3, -2, 1) ➞ True\n \n any_int(3.6, -2.2, 2) ➞ False\n \n\n \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 093\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode(message):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a \n way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in \n the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that \n vowel in the english alphabet. \n Assume only letters. \n \n Examples:\n >>> encode('test')\n 'TGST'\n >>> encode('This is a message')\n 'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 094\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef skjkasdkd(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of integers.\n You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits.\n\n Examples:\n For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10\n For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25\n For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13\n For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11\n For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3\n For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 095\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_dict_case(dict):\n \"\"\"\n Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower \n case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False.\n The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty.\n Examples:\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"b\":\"banana\"}) should return True.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", \"A\":\"banana\", \"B\":\"banana\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"a\":\"apple\", 8:\"banana\", \"a\":\"apple\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"Name\":\"John\", \"Age\":\"36\", \"City\":\"Houston\"}) should return False.\n check_dict_case({\"STATE\":\"NC\", \"ZIP\":\"12345\" }) should return True.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 096\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_up_to(n):\n \"\"\"Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n\n integers that are prime numbers and less than n.\n for example:\n count_up_to(5) => [2,3]\n count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]\n count_up_to(0) => []\n count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]\n count_up_to(1) => []\n count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 097\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef multiply(a, b):\n \"\"\"Complete the function that takes two integers and returns \n the product of their unit digits.\n Assume the input is always valid.\n Examples:\n multiply(148, 412) should return 16.\n multiply(19, 28) should return 72.\n multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.\n multiply(14,-15) should return 20.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 098\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_upper(s):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.\n \n For example:\n count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1\n count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0\n count_upper('dBBE') returns 0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 099\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef closest_integer(value):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number\n and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant\n from two integers, round it away from zero.\n\n Examples\n >>> closest_integer(\"10\")\n 10\n >>> closest_integer(\"15.3\")\n 15\n\n Note:\n Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant\n from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the\n farthest from zero. For example closest_integer(\"14.5\") should\n return 15 and closest_integer(\"-14.5\") should return -15.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 100\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef make_a_pile(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.\n The first level has n stones.\n The number of stones in the next level is:\n - the next odd number if n is odd.\n - the next even number if n is even.\n Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index\n i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).\n\n Examples:\n >>> make_a_pile(3)\n [3, 5, 7]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 101\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_string(s):\n \"\"\"\n You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is\n to split the string into words and return an array of the words.\n \n For example:\n words_string(\"Hi, my name is John\") == [\"Hi\", \"my\", \"name\", \"is\", \"John\"]\n words_string(\"One, two, three, four, five, six\") == [\"One\", \"two\", \"three\", \"four\", \"five\", \"six\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 102\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef choose_num(x, y):\n \"\"\"This function takes two positive numbers x and y and returns the\n biggest even integer number that is in the range [x, y] inclusive. If \n there's no such number, then the function should return -1.\n\n For example:\n choose_num(12, 15) = 14\n choose_num(13, 12) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 103\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef rounded_avg(n, m):\n \"\"\"You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the\n average of the integers from n through m (including n and m). \n Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.\n If n is greater than m, return -1.\n Example:\n rounded_avg(1, 5) => \"0b11\"\n rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1\n rounded_avg(10, 20) => \"0b1111\"\n rounded_avg(20, 33) => \"0b11010\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 104\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef unique_digits(x):\n \"\"\"Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all \n elements that hasn't any even digit.\n\n Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.\n \n For example:\n >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])\n [1, 15, 33]\n >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])\n []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 105\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef by_length(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,\n reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from\n \"One\", \"Two\", \"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\", \"Six\", \"Seven\", \"Eight\", \"Nine\".\n\n For example:\n arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3] \n -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8] \n -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]\n return [\"Eight\", \"Five\", \"Four\", \"Three\", \"Two\", \"Two\", \"One\", \"One\"]\n \n If the array is empty, return an empty array:\n arr = []\n return []\n \n If the array has any strange number ignore it:\n arr = [1, -1 , 55] \n -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]\n -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]\n return = ['One']\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 106\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef f(n):\n \"\"\" Implement the function f that takes n as a parameter,\n and returns a list of size n, such that the value of the element at index i is the factorial of i if i is even\n or the sum of numbers from 1 to i otherwise.\n i starts from 1.\n the factorial of i is the multiplication of the numbers from 1 to i (1 * 2 * ... * i).\n Example:\n f(5) == [1, 2, 6, 24, 15]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 107\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_palindrome(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd\n integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: 3\n Output: (1, 2)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: 12\n Output: (4, 6)\n Explanation:\n Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.\n\n Note:\n 1. 1 <= n <= 10^3\n 2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 108\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef count_nums(arr):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns\n the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.\n If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:\n e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.\n >>> count_nums([]) == 0\n >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1\n >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 109\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef move_one_ball(arr):\n \"\"\"We have an array 'arr' of N integers arr[1], arr[2], ..., arr[N].The\n numbers in the array will be randomly ordered. Your task is to determine if\n it is possible to get an array sorted in non-decreasing order by performing \n the following operation on the given array:\n You are allowed to perform right shift operation any number of times.\n \n One right shift operation means shifting all elements of the array by one\n position in the right direction. The last element of the array will be moved to\n the starting position in the array i.e. 0th index. \n\n If it is possible to obtain the sorted array by performing the above operation\n then return True else return False.\n If the given array is empty then return True.\n\n Note: The given list is guaranteed to have unique elements.\n\n For Example:\n \n move_one_ball([3, 4, 5, 1, 2])==>True\n Explanation: By performin 2 right shift operations, non-decreasing order can\n be achieved for the given array.\n move_one_ball([3, 5, 4, 1, 2])==>False\n Explanation:It is not possible to get non-decreasing order for the given\n array by performing any number of right shift operations.\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 110\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef exchange(lst1, lst2):\n \"\"\"In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,\n and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements\n between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.\n There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.\n If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make\n all the elements of lst1 to be even, return \"YES\".\n Otherwise, return \"NO\".\n For example:\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => \"YES\"\n exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => \"NO\"\n It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 111\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef histogram(test):\n \"\"\"Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary\n of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.\n If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.\n \n Example:\n histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}\n histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}\n histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}\n histogram('') == {}\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 112\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef reverse_delete(s,c):\n \"\"\"Task\n We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c\n then check if the result string is palindrome.\n A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.\n You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.\n Example\n For s = \"abcde\", c = \"ae\", the result should be ('bcd',False)\n For s = \"abcdef\", c = \"b\" the result should be ('acdef',False)\n For s = \"abcdedcba\", c = \"ab\", the result should be ('cdedc',True)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 113\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef odd_count(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.\n Each element i of the output should be \"the number of odd elements in the\n string i of the input.\" where all the i's should be replaced by the number\n of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.\n\n >>> odd_count(['1234567'])\n [\"the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput.\"]\n >>> odd_count(['3',\"11111111\"])\n [\"the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.\",\n \"the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput.\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 114\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minSubArraySum(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array\n of nums.\n Example\n minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1\n minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 115\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef max_fill(grid, capacity):\n import math\n \"\"\"\n You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,\n and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.\n Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, \n and all buckets have the same capacity.\n Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.\n Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 1\n Output: 6\n\n Example 2:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]\n bucket_capacity : 2\n Output: 5\n \n Example 3:\n Input: \n grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]\n bucket_capacity : 5\n Output: 0\n\n Constraints:\n * all wells have the same length\n * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2\n * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2\n * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1\n * 1 <= capacity <= 10\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 116\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_array(arr):\n \"\"\"\n In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to\n number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.\n For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.\n\n It must be implemented like this:\n >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]\n >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 117\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef select_words(s, n):\n \"\"\"Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement \n a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly \n n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.\n If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.\n Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.\n Examples:\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 4) ==> [\"little\"]\n select_words(\"Mary had a little lamb\", 3) ==> [\"Mary\", \"lamb\"]\n select_words(\"simple white space\", 2) ==> []\n select_words(\"Hello world\", 4) ==> [\"world\"]\n select_words(\"Uncle sam\", 3) ==> [\"Uncle\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 118\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_closest_vowel(word):\n \"\"\"You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between \n two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).\n \n Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't\n find any vowel met the above condition. \n\n You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.\n\n Example:\n get_closest_vowel(\"yogurt\") ==> \"u\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"FULL\") ==> \"U\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"quick\") ==> \"\"\n get_closest_vowel(\"ab\") ==> \"\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 119\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef match_parens(lst):\n '''\n You are given a list of two strings, both strings consist of open\n parentheses '(' or close parentheses ')' only.\n Your job is to check if it is possible to concatenate the two strings in\n some order, that the resulting string will be good.\n A string S is considered to be good if and only if all parentheses in S\n are balanced. For example: the string '(())()' is good, while the string\n '())' is not.\n Return 'Yes' if there's a way to make a good string, and return 'No' otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n match_parens(['()(', ')']) == 'Yes'\n match_parens([')', ')']) == 'No'\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 120\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef maximum(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list \n of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.\n\n Example 1:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3\n Output: [-4, -3, 5]\n\n Example 2:\n\n Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2\n Output: [4, 4]\n\n Example 3:\n\n Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1\n Output: [2]\n\n Note:\n 1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].\n 2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].\n 3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 121\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef solution(lst):\n \"\"\"Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.\n \n\n Examples\n solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12\n solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9\n solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 122\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add_elements(arr, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return\n the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.\n\n Example:\n\n Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4\n Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3\n\n Constraints:\n 1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100\n 2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 123\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_odd_collatz(n):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.\n\n The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined\n as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the \n previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of \n the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous\n term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.\n\n Note: \n 1. Collatz(1) is [1].\n 2. returned list sorted in increasing order.\n\n For example:\n get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 124\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef valid_date(date):\n \"\"\"You have to write a function which validates a given date string and\n returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.\n The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:\n 1. The date string is not empty.\n 2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.\n 3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.\n 4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy\n\n for example: \n valid_date('03-11-2000') => True\n\n valid_date('15-01-2012') => False\n\n valid_date('04-0-2040') => False\n\n valid_date('06-04-2020') => True\n\n valid_date('06/04/2020') => False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 125\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef split_words(txt):\n '''\n Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you\n should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the\n alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25\n Examples\n split_words(\"Hello world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"Hello,world!\") ➞ [\"Hello\", \"world!\"]\n split_words(\"abcdef\") == 3 \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 126\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_sorted(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted\n in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same\n number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.\n\n Examples\n is_sorted([5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True\n is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 127\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef intersection(interval1, interval2):\n \"\"\"You are given two intervals,\n where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).\n The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)\n includes both start and end.\n For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.\n Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two \n intervals is a prime number.\n Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)\n which its length is 1, which not a prime number.\n If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return \"YES\",\n otherwise, return \"NO\".\n If the two intervals don't intersect, return \"NO\".\n\n\n [input/output] samples:\n intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> \"NO\"\n intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> \"YES\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 128\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prod_signs(arr):\n \"\"\"\n You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return\n sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs\n of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.\n Note: return None for empty arr.\n\n Example:\n >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9\n >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0\n >>> prod_signs([]) == None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 129\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef minPath(grid, k):\n \"\"\"\n Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, \n each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]\n inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.\n\n You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start\n from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,\n in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current\n cell.\n Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not\n necessarily distinct).\n You CANNOT go off the grid.\n A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if\n after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go\n through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less\n than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)\n such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have\n lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].\n It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.\n Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.\n\n Examples:\n\n Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3\n Output: [1, 2, 1]\n\n Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1\n Output: [1]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 130\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef tri(n):\n \"\"\"Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in \n the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.\n Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:\n tri(1) = 3\n tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.\n tri(n) = tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.\n For example:\n tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2\n tri(4) = 3\n tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)\n = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 \n You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the \n first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.\n Examples:\n tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 131\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digits(n):\n \"\"\"Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.\n Return 0 if all digits are even.\n For example:\n digits(1) == 1\n digits(4) == 0\n digits(235) == 15\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 132\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_nested(string):\n '''\n Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.\n The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets \n where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.\n\n is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[][]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[]') ➞ False\n is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True\n is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 133\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"You are given a list of numbers.\n You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,\n round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.\n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14\n For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98\n For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84\n For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29\n For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6\n \n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 134\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):\n '''\n Create a function that returns True if the last character\n of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not\n a part of a word, and False otherwise.\n Note: \"word\" is a group of characters separated by space.\n\n Examples:\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pie\") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e\") ➞ True\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"apple pi e \") ➞ False\n check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(\"\") ➞ False \n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 135\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef can_arrange(arr):\n \"\"\"Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which\n is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If\n no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain\n duplicate values.\n\n Examples:\n can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3\n can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 136\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_smallest_integers(lst):\n '''\n Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is\n the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest\n of positive integers in a list.\n If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.\n\n Examples:\n largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)\n largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)\n largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 137\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare_one(a, b):\n \"\"\"\n Create a function that takes integers, floats, or strings representing\n real numbers, and returns the larger variable in its given variable type.\n Return None if the values are equal.\n Note: If a real number is represented as a string, the floating point might be . or ,\n\n compare_one(1, 2.5) ➞ 2.5\n compare_one(1, \"2,3\") ➞ \"2,3\"\n compare_one(\"5,1\", \"6\") ➞ \"6\"\n compare_one(\"1\", 1) ➞ None\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 138\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_equal_to_sum_even(n):\n \"\"\"Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers\n Example\n is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False\n is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 139\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef special_factorial(n):\n \"\"\"The Brazilian factorial is defined as:\n brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!\n where n > 0\n\n For example:\n >>> special_factorial(4)\n 288\n\n The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special\n factorial of this integer.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 140\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fix_spaces(text):\n \"\"\"\n Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, \n and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, \n then replace all consecutive spaces with - \n \n fix_spaces(\"Example\") == \"Example\"\n fix_spaces(\"Example 1\") == \"Example_1\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 2\") == \"_Example_2\"\n fix_spaces(\" Example 3\") == \"_Example-3\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 141\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef file_name_check(file_name):\n \"\"\"Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns\n 'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.\n A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions \n are met:\n - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.\n - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'\n - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from \n the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').\n - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']\n Examples:\n file_name_check(\"example.txt\") # => 'Yes'\n file_name_check(\"1example.dll\") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 142\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_squares(lst):\n \"\"\"\"\n This function will take a list of integers. For all entries in the list, the function shall square the integer entry if its index is a \n multiple of 3 and will cube the integer entry if its index is a multiple of 4 and not a multiple of 3. The function will not \n change the entries in the list whose indexes are not a multiple of 3 or 4. The function shall then return the sum of all entries. \n \n Examples:\n For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 6\n For lst = [] the output should be 0\n For lst = [-1,-5,2,-1,-5] the output should be -126\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 143\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef words_in_sentence(sentence):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a string representing a sentence,\n the sentence contains some words separated by a space,\n and you have to return a string that contains the words from the original sentence,\n whose lengths are prime numbers,\n the order of the words in the new string should be the same as the original one.\n\n Example 1:\n Input: sentence = \"This is a test\"\n Output: \"is\"\n\n Example 2:\n Input: sentence = \"lets go for swimming\"\n Output: \"go for\"\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= len(sentence) <= 100\n * sentence contains only letters\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 144\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef simplify(x, n):\n \"\"\"Your task is to implement a function that will simplify the expression\n x * n. The function returns True if x * n evaluates to a whole number and False\n otherwise. Both x and n, are string representation of a fraction, and have the following format,\n <numerator>/<denominator> where both numerator and denominator are positive whole numbers.\n\n You can assume that x, and n are valid fractions, and do not have zero as denominator.\n\n simplify(\"1/5\", \"5/1\") = True\n simplify(\"1/6\", \"2/1\") = False\n simplify(\"7/10\", \"10/2\") = False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 145\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef order_by_points(nums):\n \"\"\"\n Write a function which sorts the given list of integers\n in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.\n Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,\n order them based on their index in original list.\n\n For example:\n >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]\n >>> order_by_points([]) == []\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 146\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef specialFilter(nums):\n \"\"\"Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns \n the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both \n first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).\n For example:\n specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 \n specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 147\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef get_max_triples(n):\n \"\"\"\n You are given a positive integer n. You have to create an integer array a of length n.\n For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ n), the value of a[i] = i * i - i + 1.\n Return the number of triples (a[i], a[j], a[k]) of a where i < j < k, \n and a[i] + a[j] + a[k] is a multiple of 3.\n\n Example :\n Input: n = 5\n Output: 1\n Explanation: \n a = [1, 3, 7, 13, 21]\n The only valid triple is (1, 7, 13).\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 148\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef bf(planet1, planet2):\n '''\n There are eight planets in our solar system: the closerst to the Sun \n is Mercury, the next one is Venus, then Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, \n Uranus, Neptune.\n Write a function that takes two planet names as strings planet1 and planet2. \n The function should return a tuple containing all planets whose orbits are \n located between the orbit of planet1 and the orbit of planet2, sorted by \n the proximity to the sun. \n The function should return an empty tuple if planet1 or planet2\n are not correct planet names. \n Examples\n bf(\"Jupiter\", \"Neptune\") ==> (\"Saturn\", \"Uranus\")\n bf(\"Earth\", \"Mercury\") ==> (\"Venus\")\n bf(\"Mercury\", \"Uranus\") ==> (\"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\", \"Jupiter\", \"Saturn\")\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 149\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sorted_list_sum(lst):\n \"\"\"Write a function that accepts a list of strings as a parameter,\n deletes the strings that have odd lengths from it,\n and returns the resulted list with a sorted order,\n The list is always a list of strings and never an array of numbers,\n and it may contain duplicates.\n The order of the list should be ascending by length of each word, and you\n should return the list sorted by that rule.\n If two words have the same length, sort the list alphabetically.\n The function should return a list of strings in sorted order.\n You may assume that all words will have the same length.\n For example:\n assert list_sort([\"aa\", \"a\", \"aaa\"]) => [\"aa\"]\n assert list_sort([\"ab\", \"a\", \"aaa\", \"cd\"]) => [\"ab\", \"cd\"]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 150\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef x_or_y(n, x, y):\n \"\"\"A simple program which should return the value of x if n is \n a prime number and should return the value of y otherwise.\n\n Examples:\n for x_or_y(7, 34, 12) == 34\n for x_or_y(15, 8, 5) == 5\n \n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 151\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef double_the_difference(lst):\n '''\n Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers\n in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.\n \n double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10\n double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0\n double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81\n double_the_difference([0]) == 0 \n \n If the input list is empty, return 0.\n '''\n\n### Archived Spec 152\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef compare(game,guess):\n \"\"\"I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited\n event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are\n definitely worth noting down and comparing.\n Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.\n You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match. \n Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,\n the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.\n \n \n example:\n\n compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]\n compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 153\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):\n \"\"\"You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.\n The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The\n strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase\n letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters \n in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM. \n You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this \n format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.\n If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should\n choose the one that comes first in the list.\n For example, if you are given \"Slices\" as the class and a list of the\n extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should\n return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension \n (its strength is -1).\n Example:\n for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 154\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef cycpattern_check(a , b):\n \"\"\"You are given 2 words. You need to return True if the second word or any of its rotations is a substring in the first word\n cycpattern_check(\"abcd\",\"abd\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"hello\",\"ell\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"whassup\",\"psus\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"abab\",\"baa\") => True\n cycpattern_check(\"efef\",\"eeff\") => False\n cycpattern_check(\"himenss\",\"simen\") => True\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 155\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef even_odd_count(num):\n \"\"\"Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.\n\n Example:\n even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)\n even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)\n \"\"\"\n\n### Archived Spec 156\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef int_to_mini_roman(number):\n \"\"\"\n Given a positive integer, obtain its roman numeral equivalent as a string,\n and return it in lowercase.\n Restrictions: 1 <= num <= 1000\n\n Examples:\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(19) == 'xix'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(152) == 'clii'\n >>> int_to_mini_roman(426) == 'cdxxvi'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Signature Index 000\n# Signature: def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:\n# Summary: Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 001\n# Signature: def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 002\n# Signature: def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:\n# Summary: Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 003\n# Signature: def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:\n# Summary: You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 004\n# Signature: def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:\n# Summary: For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 005\n# Signature: def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 006\n# Signature: def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 007\n# Signature: def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 008\n# Signature: def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:\n# Summary: For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 009\n# Signature: def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 010\n# Signature: def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:\n# Summary: Test if given string is a palindrome\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 011\n# Signature: def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 012\n# Signature: def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:\n# Summary: Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple\n# Imports: from typing import List, Optional\n\n### Signature Index 013\n# Signature: def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n# Summary: Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 014\n# Signature: def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 015\n# Signature: def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:\n# Summary: Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 016\n# Signature: def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 017\n# Signature: def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 018\n# Signature: def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 019\n# Signature: def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:\n# Summary: Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 020\n# Signature: def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n# Summary: From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each\n# Imports: from typing import List, Tuple\n\n### Signature Index 021\n# Signature: def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:\n# Summary: Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 022\n# Signature: def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Filter given list of any python values only for integers\n# Imports: from typing import List, Any\n\n### Signature Index 023\n# Signature: def strlen(string: str) -> int:\n# Summary: Return length of given string\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 024\n# Signature: def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:\n# Summary: For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 025\n# Signature: def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 026\n# Signature: def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:\n# Summary: From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 027\n# Signature: def flip_case(string: str) -> str:\n# Summary: For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 028\n# Signature: def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:\n# Summary: Concatenate list of strings into a single string\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 029\n# Signature: def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:\n# Summary: Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.\n# Imports: from typing import List\n\n### Signature Index 030\n# Signature: def get_positive(l: list):\n# Summary: Return only positive numbers in the list.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 031\n# Signature: def is_prime(n):\n# Summary: Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.\n# Imports: no extra imports\n\n### Signature Index 032\n# Signature: def poly(xs: list, x: float):\n# Summary: Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.\n# Imports: import math\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n### Local Workspace Digest\n# Request type: hot\n# Benchmark request serial: 00199\n# Source prompt row: 035\n# Source cycle: 001\n# Active signature: def max_element(l: list):\n# Prompt summary: Return maximum element in the list.\n# Imports in active task: no extra imports\n# Example: max_element([1, 2, 3])\n# Example: max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 036\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fizz_buzz(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.\n >>> fizz_buzz(50)\n 0\n >>> fizz_buzz(78)\n 2\n >>> fizz_buzz(79)\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 037\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sort_even(l: list):\n \"\"\"This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that\n l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal\n to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.\n >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])\n [1, 2, 3]\n >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])\n [3, 6, 5, 4]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 038\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.\n \"\"\"\n # split string to groups. Each of length 3.\n groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]\n # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.\n groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]\n return \"\".join(groups)\n\n\ndef decode_cyclic(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 039\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef prime_fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.\n >>> prime_fib(1)\n 2\n >>> prime_fib(2)\n 3\n >>> prime_fib(3)\n 5\n >>> prime_fib(4)\n 13\n >>> prime_fib(5)\n 89\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 040\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):\n \"\"\"\n triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])\n True\n >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 041\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef car_race_collision(n: int):\n \"\"\"\n Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.\n n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars\n are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from\n each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide\n when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.\n However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving\n in their trajectory as if they did not collide.\n\n This function outputs the number of such collisions.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 042\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef incr_list(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return list with elements incremented by 1.\n >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 3, 4]\n >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])\n [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 043\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pairs_sum_to_zero(l):\n \"\"\"\n pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.\n it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that\n sum to zero, and False otherwise.\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])\n False\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])\n True\n >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 044\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef change_base(x: int, base: int):\n \"\"\"Change numerical base of input number x to base.\n return string representation after the conversion.\n base numbers are less than 10.\n >>> change_base(8, 3)\n '22'\n >>> change_base(8, 2)\n '1000'\n >>> change_base(7, 2)\n '111'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 045\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef triangle_area(a, h):\n \"\"\"Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.\n >>> triangle_area(5, 3)\n 7.5\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 046\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib4(n: int):\n \"\"\"The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fib4(0) -> 0\n fib4(1) -> 0\n fib4(2) -> 2\n fib4(3) -> 0\n fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.\n >>> fib4(5)\n 4\n >>> fib4(6)\n 8\n >>> fib4(7)\n 14\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 047\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef median(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return median of elements in the list l.\n >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n 3\n >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])\n 15.0\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 048\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef is_palindrome(text: str):\n \"\"\"\n Checks if given string is a palindrome\n >>> is_palindrome('')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aba')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')\n True\n >>> is_palindrome('zbcd')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 049\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef modp(n: int, p: int):\n \"\"\"Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).\n >>> modp(3, 5)\n 3\n >>> modp(1101, 101)\n 2\n >>> modp(0, 101)\n 1\n >>> modp(3, 11)\n 8\n >>> modp(100, 101)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 050\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef encode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.\n \"\"\"\n return \"\".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord(\"a\")) % 26) + ord(\"a\")) for ch in s])\n\n\ndef decode_shift(s: str):\n \"\"\"\n takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 051\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef remove_vowels(text):\n \"\"\"\n remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.\n >>> remove_vowels('')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels(\"abcdef\\nghijklm\")\n 'bcdf\\nghjklm'\n >>> remove_vowels('abcdef')\n 'bcdf'\n >>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')\n ''\n >>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')\n 'B'\n >>> remove_vowels('zbcd')\n 'zbcd'\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 052\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef below_threshold(l: list, t: int):\n \"\"\"Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.\n >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)\n True\n >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 053\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef add(x: int, y: int):\n \"\"\"Add two numbers x and y\n >>> add(2, 3)\n 5\n >>> add(5, 7)\n 12\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 054\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):\n \"\"\"\n Check if two words have the same characters.\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')\n True\n >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')\n True\n >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')\n False\n >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')\n False\n >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 055\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fib(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return n-th Fibonacci number.\n >>> fib(10)\n 55\n >>> fib(1)\n 1\n >>> fib(8)\n 21\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 056\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"<\" and \">\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"<<><>>\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"><<>\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 057\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef monotonic(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.\n >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])\n True\n >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])\n False\n >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])\n True\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 058\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef common(l1: list, l2: list):\n \"\"\"Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.\n >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])\n [1, 5, 653]\n >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])\n [2, 3]\n\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 059\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef largest_prime_factor(n: int):\n \"\"\"Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.\n >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)\n 29\n >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)\n 2\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 060\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef sum_to_n(n: int):\n \"\"\"sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.\n >>> sum_to_n(30)\n 465\n >>> sum_to_n(100)\n 5050\n >>> sum_to_n(5)\n 15\n >>> sum_to_n(10)\n 55\n >>> sum_to_n(1)\n 1\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 061\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef correct_bracketing(brackets: str):\n \"\"\" brackets is a string of \"(\" and \")\".\n return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.\n\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(\")\n False\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"()\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\"(()())\")\n True\n >>> correct_bracketing(\")(()\")\n False\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 062\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef derivative(xs: list):\n \"\"\" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.\n xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....\n Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.\n >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])\n [1, 4, 12, 20]\n >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])\n [2, 6]\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 063\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fibfib(n: int):\n \"\"\"The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:\n fibfib(0) == 0\n fibfib(1) == 0\n fibfib(2) == 1\n fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).\n Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.\n >>> fibfib(1)\n 0\n >>> fibfib(5)\n 4\n >>> fibfib(8)\n 24\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 064\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\nFIX = \"\"\"\nAdd more test cases.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef vowels_count(s):\n \"\"\"Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing\n a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.\n Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a\n vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.\n\n Example:\n >>> vowels_count(\"abcde\")\n 2\n >>> vowels_count(\"ACEDY\")\n 3\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 065\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef circular_shift(x, shift):\n \"\"\"Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift\n and return the result as a string.\n If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.\n >>> circular_shift(12, 1)\n \"21\"\n >>> circular_shift(12, 2)\n \"12\"\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 066\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef digitSum(s):\n \"\"\"Task\n Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'\n ASCII codes.\n\n Examples:\n digitSum(\"\") => 0\n digitSum(\"abAB\") => 131\n digitSum(\"abcCd\") => 67\n digitSum(\"helloE\") => 69\n digitSum(\"woArBld\") => 131\n digitSum(\"aAaaaXa\") => 153\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 067\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef fruit_distribution(s,n):\n \"\"\"\n In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges \n that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains \n apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of \n the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits \n in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.\n for examble:\n fruit_distribution(\"5 apples and 6 oranges\", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8\n fruit_distribution(\"0 apples and 1 oranges\",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2\n fruit_distribution(\"2 apples and 3 oranges\", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95\n fruit_distribution(\"100 apples and 1 oranges\",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19\n \"\"\"\n\n### Nearby Module Spec 068\n# Archived task spec. Do not solve here.\ndef pluck(arr):\n \"\"\"\n \"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes\n your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.\n The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.\n If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.\n\n The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],\n If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].\n\n Example 1:\n Input: [4,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.\n\n Example 2:\n Input: [1,2,3]\n Output: [2, 1]\n Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index. \n\n Example 3:\n Input: []\n Output: []\n \n Example 4:\n Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]\n Output: [0, 1]\n Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,\n so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.\n\n Constraints:\n * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000\n * 0 <= node.value\n \"\"\"\n\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# Context anchor: keep completions aligned with Humaneval-style Python tasks.\n# Context anchor: local helper code is acceptable when it clarifies correctness.\n# Context anchor: prefer explicit Python control flow over placeholder prose.\n# Context anchor: archived specs are reference-only; the active task is last.\n# Context anchor: preserve signatures, docstring semantics, and deterministic behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n# pad: archived reference.\n# pad: deterministic code path.\n# pad: docstring-compatible behavior.\n# pad: Python task context.\n# pad: function completion context.\n### Active Task\nOnly the task below should be solved. Archived context above is reference-only.\n\ndef max_element(l: list):\n \"\"\"Return maximum element in the list.\n >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])\n 3\n >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])\n 123\n \"\"\"\n"},"output_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":1000,"string":"1,000"},"cache_group":{"kind":"string","value":"hot"},"prompt_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":29998,"string":"29,998"},"shared_prefix_tokens":{"kind":"number","value":25468,"string":"25,468"},"request_serial":{"kind":"number","value":199,"string":"199"},"source_row":{"kind":"number","value":35,"string":"35"},"source_cycle":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":1,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":1000,"offset":100,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImtpZCI6IjVHZDBvd0g5MTM2eDZjc1FvbE1zcktNWUZoRVFoUm5PVVVybEpjOUhaUEEifQ.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc4OTg5NjM2OCwianRpIjoiYjMyMmQ3NjQtYWIyMC00YWQ3LTllMWEtY2IzM2I2YjkxOTA1Iiwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL3otbGFiL2h1bWFuZXZhbC1sb25nIiwiZXhwIjoxNzg5ODk5OTY4LCJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2h1Z2dpbmdmYWNlLmNvIn0.jz9Sx3vvyl6CXsiXZFaSW-K-Ue-fvZQl2YPemwfzGdWAgIJ0jfR5zyF6t7M8erxicNkU68QWrxtAlAFwRKd_Cg","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"default","split":"train","numRows":1000,"numBytesParquet":41569727}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":1,"total":1},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
prompt stringlengths 106k 109k | output_tokens int64 1k 1k | cache_group stringclasses 2
values | prompt_tokens int64 30k 30k | shared_prefix_tokens int64 25.5k 25.5k | request_serial int64 0 999 | source_row int64 0 163 | source_cycle int64 0 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 100 | 100 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,992 | 25,468 | 101 | 101 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 102 | 102 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,992 | 25,468 | 103 | 103 | 0 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 016
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,994 | 25,468 | 104 | 104 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 105 | 105 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 106 | 106 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 107 | 107 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 108 | 108 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,996 | 25,468 | 109 | 109 | 0 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 017
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,998 | 25,468 | 110 | 110 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 111 | 111 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 112 | 112 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,994 | 25,468 | 113 | 113 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,996 | 25,468 | 114 | 114 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 115 | 115 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 116 | 116 | 0 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 018
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,997 | 25,468 | 117 | 117 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,996 | 25,468 | 118 | 118 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,992 | 25,468 | 119 | 119 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 120 | 120 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,998 | 25,468 | 121 | 121 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,998 | 25,468 | 122 | 122 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,994 | 25,468 | 123 | 123 | 0 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 019
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,998 | 25,468 | 124 | 124 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 125 | 125 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,996 | 25,468 | 126 | 126 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,998 | 25,468 | 127 | 127 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 128 | 128 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 129 | 129 | 0 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 020
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,994 | 25,468 | 130 | 130 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 131 | 131 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,994 | 25,468 | 132 | 132 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 133 | 133 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,992 | 25,468 | 134 | 134 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,998 | 25,468 | 135 | 135 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,994 | 25,468 | 136 | 136 | 0 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 021
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,995 | 25,468 | 137 | 137 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,992 | 25,468 | 138 | 138 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 139 | 139 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 140 | 140 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 141 | 141 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,992 | 25,468 | 142 | 142 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 143 | 143 | 0 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 022
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,995 | 25,468 | 144 | 144 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,996 | 25,468 | 145 | 145 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,992 | 25,468 | 146 | 146 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 147 | 147 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,992 | 25,468 | 148 | 148 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 149 | 149 | 0 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 023
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,993 | 25,468 | 150 | 150 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 151 | 151 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,998 | 25,468 | 152 | 152 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 153 | 153 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 154 | 154 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 155 | 155 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,996 | 25,468 | 156 | 156 | 0 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 024
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,992 | 25,468 | 157 | 157 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,994 | 25,468 | 158 | 158 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 159 | 159 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 160 | 160 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,994 | 25,468 | 161 | 161 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 162 | 162 | 0 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,994 | 25,468 | 163 | 163 | 0 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 025
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,998 | 25,468 | 164 | 0 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 165 | 1 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 166 | 2 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 167 | 3 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,996 | 25,468 | 168 | 4 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 169 | 5 | 1 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 026
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,995 | 25,468 | 170 | 6 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 171 | 7 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,998 | 25,468 | 172 | 8 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 173 | 9 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 174 | 10 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 175 | 11 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,994 | 25,468 | 176 | 12 | 1 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 027
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,994 | 25,468 | 177 | 13 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 178 | 14 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 179 | 15 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 180 | 16 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,996 | 25,468 | 181 | 17 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 182 | 18 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 183 | 19 | 1 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 028
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,996 | 25,468 | 184 | 20 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 185 | 21 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,996 | 25,468 | 186 | 22 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,996 | 25,468 | 187 | 23 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 188 | 24 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,998 | 25,468 | 189 | 25 | 1 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 029
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,993 | 25,468 | 190 | 26 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,995 | 25,468 | 191 | 27 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,992 | 25,468 | 192 | 28 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,993 | 25,468 | 193 | 29 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 194 | 30 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,994 | 25,468 | 195 | 31 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,997 | 25,468 | 196 | 32 | 1 |
### Cold Prefix Variant 030
# This request intentionally starts from a unique workspace snapshot before shared context.
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains... | 1,000 | cold | 29,992 | 25,468 | 197 | 33 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,996 | 25,468 | 198 | 34 | 1 |
### Shared Repository Context
The following material is cached repository context for a Python code generation workload.
It is intentionally code-heavy and Humaneval-shaped so the active task remains a Python
function completion request instead of synthetic random text.
Important behavior rules:
1. Treat the archived ... | 1,000 | hot | 29,998 | 25,468 | 199 | 35 | 1 |
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